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1
Okolelova, Tamara, and Syergyey YEngashyev. Scientific basis of feeding and keeping poultry. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02037-1.
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The book covers the basic principles of nutrient rationing for poultry. The data on the needs of all types of poultry, taking into account age, in nutrients, minerals and biologically active substances are given. The characteristic of the main feed means and rational norms of their inclusion in the compound feed for poultry are given. Modern data on the role of vitamins, macro- and microelements, enzyme preparations, probiotics, prebiotics, phytobiotics, organic acids, antioxidants, fat emulsifiers and other sources of biologically active substances in poultry nutrition are presented. Attention is paid to the main technological parameters of poultry keeping. The nutritional factors that reduce immunity, as well as the causes of the main diseases associated with the quality of feed, with violations in the rationing of nutrient, mineral and biologically active substances, the technology of feeding and keeping poultry, are described, methods of their prevention are given. Criteria for the adequacy of nutrition and maintenance of a bird to its genetic potential are stated.
The book is intended for specialists and managers of poultry farms, enterprises of the feed industry, researchers, graduate students and students.
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Breast feeding and sexuality: Behaviour, beliefs, and taboos among the Gogo mothers in Tanzania. New York: Berghahn Books, 2005.
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3
Okolelova, Tamara, Syergyey YEngashyev, and Ivan Yegorov. Poultry farming: current questions and answers. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02023-4.
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In the book in the form of questions and answers considerable attention is paid to data on the needs of all types of poultry in nutritional, mineral and biologically active substances, taking into account age of poultry. The characteristic of the main feed products is given, and the rational norms for including them in mixed feed for poultry are indicated. The role of vitamins, macro- and microelements, enzyme preparations, probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, organic acids, antioxidants, emulsifiers and other sources of biologically active substances in poultry nutrition is shown. Both nutritional factors that reduce the immune system and the causes of major feed diseases, which are related to the quality of feed, with violations in the rationing of nutrients and minerals, are indicated, and also biologically active substances, technologies for feeding and keeping poultry, methods of their prevention are given.
It is addressed to specialists and managers of poultry farms, feed industry enterprises, researchers, postgraduates and students.
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Nagarajan, Vijaya. Feeding a Thousand Souls. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195170825.001.0001.
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Drawing on extensive fieldwork, this book investigates aesthetic, symbolic, metaphorical, literary, mathematical, and philosophical meanings of the kōlam, the popular Tamil women’s daily ephemeral practice, a ritual art tradition performed with rice flour on the thresholds of houses in southern India. They range from concepts such as auspiciousness, inauspiciousness, ritual purity, and ritual pollution. Several divinities, too, play a significant role: Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth, good luck, well-being, and a quickening energy; Mūdevi, the goddess of poverty, bad luck, illness, and laziness; Bhūdevi, the goddess of the soils, the earth, and the fields; and the god Ganesh, the remover of obstacles. Braiding art history, aesthetics, and design, this book analyzes the presence of the kōlam in medieval Tamil literature, focusing on the saint-poet Āṇṭāḷ. The author shows that the kōlam embodies mathematical principles such as symmetry, fractals, array grammars, picture languages, and infinity. Three types of kōlam competitions are described. The kinship between Bhūdevi and the kōlam is discussed as the author delves into the topics of “embedded ecologies” and “intermittent sacrality.” The author explores the history of the phrase “feeding a thousand souls,” tracing it back to ancient Sanskrit literature, where it was connected to Indian notions of hospitality, karma, and strangers. Its relationship to the theory of karma is represented by its connection to the five ancient sacrifices. This ritual is distinguished as one of the many “rituals of generosity” in Tamil Nadu.
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Hundloe, Tor, Sarah Blagrove, and Hannah Ditton, eds. Australia's Role in Feeding the World. CSIRO Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486305902.
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Earth's human population currently exceeds 7 billion, and by the year 2050 our planet will have at least two billion more mouths to feed. When faced with providing food for so many people, the idea is often advanced that Australia will become the 'food bowl' of Asia. Australia currently grows enough food to feed about three times its population and agricultural exports are important to our economy; however, Australia's role in feeding the world needs careful consideration.
This highly topical book draws together the latest intelligence on the sustainable production and distribution of food and other products from Australian farms. It examines questions that policy-makers, farmers, politicians, agricultural scientists and the general public are asking about the potential productivity of our arable land, the environmental and economic impacts of seeking to increase productivity, and the value of becoming cleaner and greener in our agricultural output. With chapters on the emergence of new markets, consumer trends in China, the biophysical constraints on agricultural expansion, and the various products of Australian agriculture and aquaculture, Australia's Role in Feeding the World provides valuable insight into the future of agriculture in this nation.
The book is ideal reading for academics and students in agriculture, environmental sciences, economics, Australian studies, international development studies; agricultural practitioners; and the food production industry.
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Sheppard, Charles R. C., Simon K. Davy, Graham M. Pilling, and Nicholas A. J. Graham. Reef fish. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787341.003.0006.
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This chapter discusses factors that have led to reef fish diversity. Geographic drivers for fish diversity, ranging from global historical events to local-scale drivers, are examined. Age and growth in reef fish are explored, followed by larval fish ecology. Colour diversity in modern reef fish is examined, along with mechanisms that have developed to enhance feeding success or predation avoidance. Different ecological feeding niches of coral reef fish are described and examples are given to illustrate the wide range of feeding mechanisms. The science around the abundance, biomass and trophic interactions of reef fish assemblages is examined. The range of fish feeding habits is detailed and functional roles of fish explored. Finally, the implications of changes in the reef fish community through fishing and habitat degradation are examined, highlighting the cascade effect of impacts on reefs, and how the influences of different disturbances interact to influence coral reef fish.
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Waterlow, J. C., D. G. Armstrong, Leslie Fowden, and Ralph Riley, eds. Feeding a World Population of More Than Eight Billion People. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195113129.001.0001.
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Since the 1960s, breakthroughs in agriculture have made it possible to satisfy the world's increasing requirements for food. Can this trend continue over the next thirty years when the world population is projected to exceed eight billion? This book takes a critical look at the immediate challenges for feeding the population just a generation from now. Based on the 10th International Symposium sponsored by the Nutrition Committee and the Trustees of the Rank Prize Funds, the volume examines the full range of related issues, from food economics to resource allocation and crop yields. Beginning with an analysis of future food needs, the articles cover basic resources and constraints, applications of science to increase yield, the role of animal products in feeding eight billion people, and diverse social issues. The book provides insights into some of the most important questions we will be faced with in the coming years, making it an invaluable resource for a wide range of researchers in agriculture, the environment, and public policy.
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(Translator), Mary S. Ash, ed. Breast Feeding and Sexuality: Behaviour, Beliefs and Taboos Among the Gogo Mothers of Tanzania (Fertility, Reproduction and Sexuality). Berghahn Books, 2006.
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9
Martin, Graham R. Touch, Taste, and Magnetoreception. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199694532.003.0004.
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Touch and taste provide information about objects in contact with, and inside, the body for use in detection and manipulation of food items. Four main types of touch receptors are found distributed in most parts of the body but some birds have ‘bill tip organs’ with very high concentrations of touch receptors. Three main types of bill tip organs are found in waterfowl, parrots, shorebirds, ibises, and kiwi. They allow birds to locate hidden objects with the bill alone and parrots to use their bills as third limbs. Seven types of taste receptors exist in birds, mainly in the mouth cavity but also within the gut. Information from these receptors play key roles in food intake and aids shorebirds in detecting profitable feeding locations. Detection of the geomagnetic field, by means of two known mechanisms, is probably widespread among birds. It plays a key role in direction and position finding.
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Medforth, Janet, Linda Ball, Angela Walker, Sue Battersby, and Sarah Stables, eds. Oxford Handbook of Midwifery. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754787.001.0001.
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The third edition of the popular Oxford Handbook of Midwifery has been extensively revised using the latest evidence-based guidelines and national recommendations. Continuing to give a complete picture of the role of the midwife in multidisciplinary care for childbearing women, the handbook reflects the mother's journey through pregnancy, birth, and beyond, with care of the newborn, newborn feeding, and postnatal care in a precise and logical approach. Three newly configured chapters on infections and sepsis, obesity, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are offered to help readers find information in one location. There are new mini-sections on independent prescribing, fetal programing, uterine inversion and uterine rupture, the introduction of doulas into the care pathway, and breast feeding innovations such as breast crawl. Included are updated resources and national guidelines and recommendations from trusted bodies such as the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, the Royal College of Midwives, and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, along with relevant Cochrane database evidence. The midwife’s changing role in contributing to women's health and public health issues is acknowledged and lastly there is notice of the impending changes to midwifery regulation in the UK. The book is presented in an easily readable style with clear headings and key facts delivered in bullet points. The book is intended for students, practising midwives, educators, and anyone who needs a handy quick reference guide to aid their contribution to maternity care.
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Keram, Emily A. Hunger strikes. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0064.
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The management of hunger strikes in correctional settings presents the psychiatrist with unique clinical and ethical challenges. The potential for such complex tensions between medical decision-making and medical ethics rarely exists in other practice settings. A physician’s primary consideration involves the health of their patient and respect for human life. The correctional psychiatrist treating or evaluating a hunger striker may be involved in medical decisions that lead to opposite extremes, from death by starvation to forced-feeding. Concepts such as respect for human life, respect for patient autonomy, beneficence, and non-maleficence present new and difficult considerations in the context of a correctional hunger strike. The psychiatric evaluation and treatment of hunger strikers within the management protocols of the institution is discussed. The lack of international consensus in this area is reviewed. Participating in the management of a hunger-striking prisoner can pose clinical and ethical dilemmas for the correctional psychiatrist. The psychiatrist should have a clear understanding of the international guidelines for physicians on the ethical management of hunger strikes and their institution’s policies and procedures regarding hunger strikes and force-feeding. Consultation with experts in the field may be of assistance in balancing potentially conflicting roles and responsibilities. This chapter provides correctional psychiatrists with the historical, clinical, legal, and ethical background for working with hunger strikers.
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Taiz, Lincoln, and Lee Taiz. The Discovery of Sex. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190490263.003.0002.
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“The Discovery of Sex,” discusses the discovery of the role of the male in reproduction and the association of women with plants in the Ice Age. In the Upper Paleolithic many barriers could have combined to obscure the connection between sexual intercourse and childbirth. Examples include pre-puberty sexual activity, prolonged breast-feeding, and the alignment of cycles in the birthrate with periods of relative leisure and abundance. Numeracy is also relevant, as explored in relation to the Gravettian sculpture, the “Lady of Laussel.” The early association of plants and women is suggested by the discovery that clothing worn by some of the Paleolithic “Venus” figurines was composed of plant-based textiles. This association is consistent with roles of women as described in ethnographic studies of modern hunter-gatherer societies, and has implications for the status of women in Paleolithic society. Sexual symbolism in parietal art is examined, including the Magdalenian transition in iconography.
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Moran, John, and Scott McDonald. Feedpads for Grazing Dairy Cows. CSIRO Publishing, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643100947.
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This book is the first detailed and comprehensive guide to the use of feedpads in the dairy industry, from planning and construction to day-to-day management, written especially for farmers. With ongoing droughts and access to water driving up the cost of conserved forages and feeding concentrates, feedpads offer flexible and efficient systems to maximise returns on feeding expensive supplements to grazing dairy cows, and form part of the risk management strategy for dairy farms.
Feedpads for Grazing Dairy Cows covers all the aspects of animal husbandry involved in running a successful system and addresses key issues such as formulating rations to balance grazed pasture, management of farm labour and effluent management. The key principles of dairy nutrition are explained along with the concept of partial mixed rations and the range of potential ingredients. The authors also cover the physical features of feedpad design and construction and provide a checklist for planning a feedpad. They discuss important issues such as cow welfare, animal health and the management of effluent, including cleaning the pad, storing and recycling these solids and liquids on farm while minimising feedpad odours, flies and vermin.
This book demonstrates a wide range of long-term economic benefits and will play an important role in helping dairy farmers achieve higher farm profitability.
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Cameron, Matt. Cockatoos. CSIRO Publishing, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643095588.
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Cockatoos are large, intelligent and attractive birds. Of the 21 recognised species, 14 occur in Australia, with three of these also found in New Guinea. Seven species are distributed across the islands of south-east Asia. While many species are common or abundant, an increasing number face extinction due to habitat loss, the illegal bird trade and global warming.
Extensively illustrated, Cockatoos looks at the ecology and conservation of these iconic birds, including their evolution, distribution, movements, feeding and reproduction. It examines the pest status of cockatoos, the impact of the illegal bird trade and the role played by aviculturists in cockatoo conservation programs.
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Barrett, Christopher B., and Erin C. Lentz. Food Insecurity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.438.
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Food plays an essential role in performance and well-being. Apart from its physiological necessity, food is also a source of pleasure. Since both biological needs for food and psychic satisfaction from food vary considerably among and within populations, coming up with precise, operationalizable measures of food security have proved problematic. Furthermore, the concept of food security encompasses not only current nutritional status but also vulnerability to future disruptions in one’s access to adequate and appropriate food. The complexity of the concept of food security has given rise to scores, if not hundreds, of different definitions of the term “food security.” As a result, there have also been variations in thinking about the proximate manifestations and direct and indirect causes and consequences of “food insecurity,” the complement to “food security.” Food security is commonly conceptualized as resting on three pillars that are inherently hierarchical: availability, access, and utilization. Some agencies, such as the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), have added a fourth dimension: stability. Food insecurity is often used interchangeably with the terms “hunger,” “undernutrition,” and “malnutrition.” Threats to food insecurity may be classified as either “covariate” or “idiosyncratic.” Based on these threats, various interventions have been implemented to promote food security by means of increasing availability (improving agricultural productivity), promoting access (economic growth and assistance programs such as food stamps or vouchers, food aid delivery, food banks, school lunch programs), or improving utilization (supplementary feeding programs, therapeutic feeding programs).
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Chapman, Blake. Shark Attacks. CSIRO Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486307364.
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Humans spend more time in or on the water than ever before. We love the beach. But for many people, getting in the water provokes a moment’s hesitation. Shark attacks are big news events and although the risk of shark attack on humans is incredibly low, the fact remains that human lives are lost to sharks every year.
Shark Attacks explores the tension between risk to humans and the need to conserve sharks and protect the important ecological roles they play in our marine environments. Marine biologist Blake Chapman presents scientific information about shark biology, movement patterns and feeding behaviour. She discusses the role of fear in the way we think about sharks and the influence of the media on public perceptions. Moving first-hand accounts describe the deep and polarising psychological impacts of shark attacks from a range of perspectives.
This book is an education in thinking through these emotive events and will help readers to navigate the controversial issues around mitigating shark attacks while conserving the sharks themselves.
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Chudacoff, Howard P. What’s to Become of College Sports? University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039782.003.0009.
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This chapter reflects on the future of college sports. It discusses the controversial issues swirling around college sports and the role of NCAA. It argues that despite the persistence of scandal or antitrust litigation, sports has remained the activity most identified with college student life and the strongest link between an institution and the public. In the end, the great majority of college athletes are genuine college students and should be treated as such. Rather than simply paying them for what they do on the field of play, the school that admits them—not the NCAA, not the government, not the media—should shoulder the responsibility for stimulating and feeding their intellectual curiosity and developing them into productive members of society.
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Jacobsen, Dean, and Olivier Dangles. Energy flow and species interactions at the edge. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198736868.003.0007.
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Chapter 7 elucidates the relationships between the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems at high altitude through the description of material cycles and food webs. Following the landscape continuum model, material cycling is profoundly influenced by the physical structure of the waterscape (e.g. vegetation cover); as a result a great diversity of energetic pathways characterize high altitude waterscapes, along an autotrophy–heterotrophy gradient. Similarly, high altitude aquatic food webs embrace a great diversity of trophic compartments, feeding strategies, and processes (trophic cascades and terrestrial subsidiarity) that are profoundly shaped by environmental harshness. Harsh conditions also generate stress gradients along which the strength and direction of species interactions (from competition to facilitation) and their functional role (e.g. as ecosystem engineers) are modified. The resulting structural and functional changes affect in turn species coexistence and trigger potential ecosystem shifts.
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Shoemark, Helen, and Trish Dearn. Music Therapy in the Medical Care of Infants. Edited by Jane Edwards. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639755.013.23.
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This chapter describes the ways in which music therapy can be provided to preterm infants or full-term who require medical care for complex issues that require hospitalization after birth. The history of Newborn Music Therapy research includes the application of music to change pain, non-nutritive sucking, feeding, with kangaroo care, and in developmental care. The modalities include recorded music and singing, and live singing and gentle instrument playing. Underpinning the application of music in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) are considerations of the ambient sound levels of the NICU, the age of the infant, the physical context, timing of session. The significance of the parents’ experience in family-centerd music therapy in hospital is highlighted, as is the pivotal role of the music therapist to stimulate and facilitate music as part of healthy infant development.
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Allan, Tony, Brendan Bromwich, Martin Keulertz, and Anthony Colman, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Food, Water and Society. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190669799.001.0001.
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Society’s greatest use of water is in food production; a fact that puts farmers centre stage in global environmental management. Current management of food value chains, however, is not well set up to enable farmers to undertake their dual role of feeding a growing population and stewarding natural resources. This book considers the interconnected issues of real water in the environment and “virtual water” in food value chains and investigates how society influences both fields. This perspective draws out considerable challenges for food security and for environmental stewardship in the context of ongoing global change. The book also discusses these issues by region and with global overviews of selected commodities. Innovation relevant to the kind of change needed for the current food system to meet future challenges is reviewed in light of the findings of the regional and thematic analysis.
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van den Berg, Hugo Meyer, and Hanri Mostert. Challenges to Regulating Hydraulic Fracturing in South Africa. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822080.003.0014.
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Two problems have recently plagued South Africa: insufficient energy supply and water scarcity. Hydraulic fracturing for extracting shale gas forms the backdrop to the consideration of law making and governance patterns to meet challenges of integrating new technologies into the energy landscape. The chapter highlights the climate change imperative that necessitates law making for the integration of ‘new’ technologies into the sector, and the law’s role in their governance. It considers reasons for, and potential success of, hydraulic fracturing as a method of gas extraction, alongside the environmental concerns feeding off the water scarcity problem. Further cultural and contextual concerns with hydraulic fracturing in South Africa are also considered. Law and policy making has failed to address concerns that would speak against introducing this technology. The chapter critiques the Government’s choice of addressing weaknesses in the law by introducing secondary legislation rather than involving a parliamentary process for considering amendments.
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Burton, Derek, and Margaret Burton. Fish behaviour. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785552.003.0014.
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Behaviour involves reacting to stimuli and may be innate (colour change) or include input via cognition (learning, memory). Understanding the complex behaviour of some fish, as in interaction with conspecifics, potential prey or predators, may require consideration of neurobiology and endocrinology. Whereas fish may show behaviours associated with tetrapods (play, sleep), some of their behaviour follows a preset pattern, for example in feeding and reproduction. Communication between fish depends on cues such as colour, sound, electroception or pheromones. Long-term behaviour includes migration and territoriality, with schooling a group phenomenon. Within the brain a neuropil may indicate a region capable of memory, in fish it is abundant in the optic tectum with up to 15 laminae (layers), with some in the olfactory bulb; however, the laminated cerebral cortex of mammals is lacking. Current research includes the role of engrams in memory and the use of zebrafish as models.
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Joshi, Mahesh K., and J. R. Klein. Emerging Economies as Growth Drivers. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827481.003.0008.
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The role of emerging markets is changing in the twenty-first century, from the traditional provider of low-cost, labor-intensive goods to a global growth engine. These emerging economies are growing at double the rate of advanced economies because of technology and global connectivity. Traditionally they have been big exporters of commodities and raw materials to the rest of the world. The export of commodities has contributed significantly to the development of industrial and physical infrastructure in many countries around the world. However, emerging markets are also lucrative markets and an important source of growth for many international companies as they export their products or increase their presence in these markets by opening subsidiaries or through joint venture mechanisms. Today these markets are coming into their own, moving from sole source exporters feeding the world’s growth to becoming increasingly significant normative economic members of the global family.
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Xu, Kui, Joseph C. LaManna, and Michelle A. Puchowicz. Ketogenic Diet, Aging, and Neurodegeneration. Edited by Detlev Boison. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190497996.003.0024.
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The brain is normally completely dependent on glucose, but is capable of using ketones as an alternate energy source, as occurs with prolonged starvation or chronic feeding of a ketogenic diet. Research has shown that ketosis is neuroprotective against ischemic insults in rodents. This review focuses on investigating the mechanistic links to neuroprotection by ketosis in the aged. Recovery from stroke and other pathophysiological conditions in the aged is challenging. Cerebral metabolic rate for glucose, cerebral blood flow, and the defenses against oxidative stress are known to decline with age, suggesting dysfunction of the neurovascular unit. One mechanism of neuroprotection by ketosis involves succinate-induced stabilization of hypoxic inducible factor-1alpha (HIF1α) and its downstream effects on intermediary metabolism. The chapter hypothesizes that ketone bodies play a role in the restoration of energy balance (stabilization of ATP supply) and act as signaling molecules through the up-regulation of salvation pathways targeted by HIF1α.
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Hay, Phillipa J., and Angélica de M. Claudino. Evidence-Based Treatment for the Eating Disorders. Edited by W. Stewart Agras. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195373622.013.0025.
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This chapter comprises a focused review of the best available evidence for psychological and pharmacological treatments of choice for anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), and other specified and unspecified feeding and eating disorders (OSFED and UFED), discusses the role of primary care and online therapies, and presents treatment algorithms. In AN, although there is consensus on the need for specialist care that includes nutritional rehabilitation in addition to psychological therapy, no single approach has yet been found to offer a distinct advantage. In contrast, manualized cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for BN has attained “first-line” treatment status with a stronger evidence base than other psychotherapies. Similarly, CBT has a good evidence base in treatment of BED and for BN, and BED has been successfully adapted into less intensive and non-specialist forms. Behavioral and pharmacological weight loss management in treatment of co-morbid obesity/overweight and BED may be helpful in the short term, but long-term maintenance of effects is unclear. Primary care practitioners are in a key role, both with regard to providing care and with coordination and initiation of specialist care. There is an emerging evidence base for online therapies in BN and BED where access to care is delayed or problematic.
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Slipinski, Adam, and Hermes Escalona. Australian Longhorn Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Volume 2. CSIRO Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486304592.
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Longhorn Beetles — Cerambycidae are one of the most easily recognised groups of beetles, a family that worldwide encompasses over 33 000 species in 5200 genera. With over 1400 species classified in 300 genera, this is the sixth largest among 117 beetle families in Australia.
These beetles often attack and kill living forest or orchard trees and develop in construction timber (like the European House borer, introduced to WA), causing serious damage. Virtually all Cerambycidae feed on living or dead plant tissues and play a significant role in all terrestrial environments where plants are found. Larvae often utilise damaged or dead trees for their development, and through feeding on rotten wood form an important element of the saproxylic fauna, speeding energy circulation in these habitats. Many species are listed as quarantine pests because of their destructive role to the timber industry.
This second of three volumes on Australian Longhorn Beetles covers the taxonomy of genera of the Cerambycinae, with comments on natural history and morphology. One hundred and forty-two Cerambycinae genera are diagnosed and described, an illustrated key to their identification is provided, and images illustrate representatives of genera and of actual type specimens. A full listing of all Australian species with synonymies and bibliographic citations is also included.
Recipient of a 2017 Whitley Awards Certificate of Commendation for Taxonomic Zoology
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Slipinski, Adam, and Hermes Escalona. Australian Longhorn Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Volume 1. CSIRO Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486300044.
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Longhorn Beetles — Cerambycidae are one of the most easily recognised groups of beetles, a family that worldwide encompasses over 33,000 species in 5,200 genera. With over 1,400 species classified in 300 genera, this is the sixth largest among 117 beetle families in Australia.
These beetles often attack and kill living forest or orchard trees and develop in construction timber (like European House borer, introduced to WA), causing serious damages. Virtually all Cerambycidae feed on living or dead plant tissues and play a significant role in all terrestrial environments where plants are found. Larvae often utilise damaged or dead trees for their development, and through feeding on rotten wood form an important element of the saproxylic fauna, speeding energy circulation in these habitats. Many species are listed as quarantine pests because of their destructive role to the timber industry.
This volume provides a general introduction to the Australian Cerambycidae with sections on biology, phylogeny and morphology of adult and larvae, followed by the keys to the subfamilies and an overview of the 74 genera of the subfamily Lamiinae occurring in Australia. All Lamiinae genera are diagnosed, described and illustrated and an illustrated key to their identification is provided. A full listing of all included Australian species with synonymies and bibliographic citations is also included.
Biologists worldwide, curators and staff at natural history museums, quarantine/inspection services, entomologists and collectors - many of these beetles are collector's items.
Winner of the 2016 J.O. Westwood Medal
Winner of the 2014 Whitley Medal
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Stevens, Philip, and Paul Dark. Ileus and obstruction in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0182.
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Obstruction is the commonest cause of acute intestinal failure in critical care. Management is dependent upon whether it is adynamic or mechanical in origin. Paralytic ileus is managed conservatively by correction of electrolyte disturbances, nutritional support, and minimization of enterostatic drug use. Pharmacological agents aimed at reducing sympathetic stimuli may be useful, although widespread application is limited due to anti-muscarinic side effects. Peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonists, may have a role, although data in critical illness are lacking. Prokinetic agents have not been shown to reduce ileus in clinical trials. Colonoscopic decompression may be required when conservative management fails. Rarely, surgical decompression becomes necessary if ileus arises in the context of abdominal compartment syndrome. Mechanical obstruction is more likely to require surgery, although adhesional obstruction, responsible for 80% of small bowel obstruction, may settle within 7 days of conservative management. Large bowel obstruction is more commonly due to tumours, diverticular stricture, or volvulus, and more likely to require endoscopic or surgical intervention. The hallmark of obstruction is colic, characterized by an inability to settle, in contrast to the peritonitic patient who lies completely still. Peritonitis in the presence of obstruction indicates possible perforation or necrosis for which urgent operative intervention is required. Clinical features may be absent in sedated patients hence the index of suspicion should remain high in any critically-ill patient intolerant of enteral feeding.
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Hope, James, and Mark P. Dagleish. Prion-protein-related diseases of animals and man. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0041.
Full textAbstract:
Scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD), and related diseases of mink (transmissible mink encephalopathy), mule deer and elk (chronic wasting disease) are the founder members of a group of diseases called the transmissible degenerative (or spongiform) encephalopathies (TSE). These diseases can be transmitted by prions from affected to healthy animals by inoculation or by feeding diseased tissues. Prions are cellular proteins that can transfer metabolic and pathological phenotypes vertically from parent to progeny or horizontally between cells and animals. TSEs are characterised by the accumulation of the prion form of the mammalian prion protein (PrPC) in the central nervous system or peripheral tissues of animals and humans. Mutations of the human PrP gene are linked to rare, familial forms of disease and prion-protein gene polymorphisms in humans and other species are linked to survival time and disease characteristics in affected individuals. Iatrogenic transmission of CJD in man has occurred, and a variant form of CJD (vCJD) is due to cross-species transmission of BSE from cattle to humans. Atypical forms of scrapie and BSE have been identified during large-scale monitoring for TSEs worldwide. This chapter outlines our current understanding of scrapie, BSE, CJD and other TSEs and highlights recent progress in defining the role in disease of the prion protein, PrP.