Academic literature on the topic 'Feeding assays'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Feeding assays.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Feeding assays"
1
Shen, Ping. "PreparingDrosophilaLarvae for Feeding Assays." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2012, no. 5 (May 2012): pdb.prot069302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot069302.
Full text
2
Peters, Brenton C. "Xylophagous insects: developments in feeding assays." Australian Journal of Entomology 44, no. 2 (May 2005): 214–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.2005.00477.x.
Full text
3
Kröber, Thomas, and Patrick M. Guerin. "In vitro feeding assays for hard ticks." Trends in Parasitology 23, no. 9 (September 2007): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2007.07.010.
Full text
4
Zavala H., Andrea, Emilio Hormazabal U., Gloria Montenegro R., Marlene Rosalez V., Andrés Quiroz C., Cristian Paz R., and Ramón Rebolledo. "Effects of extracts from Maytenus on Aegorhinus superciliosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)." Revista Colombiana de Entomología 43, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v43i2.5948.
Full textAbstract:
The insecticidal effects of five ethanolic extracts produced from three species of the genus Maytenus: M. boaria leaf (MBL), M. boaria bark (MBB), M. boaria seed (MBS), M. disticha leaf (MDL) and M. magellanica leaf (MML) were evaluated on the lady beetle Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and on the pest of berry Aegorhinus superciliosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The anti-feeding effects of the extracts on the latter were also evaluated. Residual application was used, with five concentrations for each species of insect and ten replications of each assay. To evaluate anti-feeding action in adult A. superciliosus, choice (C) and no-choice (NC) experiments were established to determine the percentage of leaf area consumed. The assays lasted for 120 hours, with the mortality and anti-feeding effect monitored every 24 hours. The highest percentage of mortality in the two insect species was recorded with the MBS ethanolic extract: H. convergens presented 82 %, with LC50: 32 mg/ml; while A. superciliosus presented 85 % in the choice assay and 86 % in the no-choice assay, with LC50: 23 mg/ml. In both assays, the mortality increased with exposure time, reaching its highest at 120 hours. The lowest mortality was obtained with MBB extract in choice (C) and with MML extract in no-choice (NC) assays. In the choice assay, the highest percentage of leaf area consumed was recorded with MBB extract, while in the no-choice assay the highest percentage of consumed was with MML extract, which presented higher values even than the control with no application. The lowest leaf percentage consumed, in both assays, was recorded with MBS extract at the highest concentrations (20 and 30 % w/v).
5
TRITTEN, LUCIENNE, OLIVIER BRAISSANT, and JENNIFER KEISER. "Comparison of novel and existing tools for studying drug sensitivity against the hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum in vitro." Parasitology 139, no. 3 (February 14, 2012): 348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182011001934.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYThe motility assay is the current gold standard for evaluating drug effects on hookworm larvae and adults, however, among other drawbacks the assay is time consuming, and prone to individual subjectivity. We evaluated six alternative in vitro assays, namely the feeding inhibition assay, the colourimetric AlamarBlue®, MTT formazan and acid phosphatase activity assays, as well as isothermal calorimetry and the xCELLigence System using Ancylostoma ceylanicum third-stage larvae, stimulated third-stage larvae and adults. The performances of the assays were compared to the motility assay using three standard drugs: albendazole, levamisole and ivermectin (100–1 μg/ml). None of the assays investigated offered an advantage over the motility assay, because they were all inapplicable to third-stage larvae, which were presumably metabolically and physically too inactive. Among all assays tested the xCELLigence System performed best on adult worms as the test was accurate, simple, required a minimal number of worms and offered the possibility for conducting a medium-throughput screening.
6
Klingeman, William E. "Bagworm Survival and Feeding Preferences as Indicators of Resistance among Maples." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-20.3.138.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The bagworm (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Haworth)) is a polyphagous, native pest of numerous deciduous and evergreen ornamental plants. Bagworm larvae were used to investigate host plant susceptibility among ten species and cultivars of maples that are economically important and commonly encountered in landscapes in the eastern United States. Data analyses from 48-hour choice assays, conducted in the laboratory during 2000 and 2001, indicated that differences existed among maples for bagworm feeding preferences and host plant susceptibility. Results from the 48-hour trials were not as accurate as seasonal no-choice assays, however. No-choice assays during both seasons quantified resistance among maples that limited larval bagworm survival and development. Measurements of larval feeding injury demonstrated resistance in paperbark maple (Acer griseum (Franch.) Pax) and trident maple (A. buergerianum Miq.) when compared with other maples. Laboratory results were corroborated during 2001 by a no-choice field assay, in which early instar bagworm larvae performed well on the majority of maples. In contrast, paperbark maple and trident maple were resistant to bagworm feeding, while ‘Autumn Blaze’ Freeman maple (A. x freemanii E. Murray), a hybrid cross obtained by breeding A. rubrum with A. saccharinum, showed moderate resistance.
7
Tanne, E., E. Boudon-Padieu, D. Clair, M. Davidovich, S. Melamed, and Meir Klein. "Detection of Phytoplasma by Polymerase Chain Reaction of Insect Feeding Medium and Its Use in Determining Vectoring Ability." Phytopathology® 91, no. 8 (August 2001): 741–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2001.91.8.741.
Full textAbstract:
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method was developed for the detection of phytoplasma in insect feeding medium (sucrose). A correlation was established between the transmissibility of Flavescence dorée phytoplasma in the experimental leafhopper vector Euscelidius variegatus and its detection by PCR in the insect feeding medium. However, phytoplasma were detected in the insects' bodies 3 weeks before they began to transmit. Hence, PCR assays of the sucrose medium reflected phytoplasma vectoring ability probably by detecting it in the insect saliva, whereas detection of phytoplasma in the insect's body did not identify it as a vector. The assay was applied to two field-collected leafhoppers suspected of being phytoplasma vectors in Israel (Orosius albicinctus and Anaceratagallia laevis). The presence of phytoplasma in the body of specimens of the latter species was assayed by PCR in 1999. Phytoplasmas were detected in insects' bodies throughout the year, with no specific seasonal pattern. In the saliva, however, no phytoplasma could be detected in the autumn. This seasonal pattern supported the validity of the feeding-medium tests and their correlation to the insect's ability to transmit phytoplasma. Transmission assays indicated, to our knowledge for the first time, that O. albicinctus and A. laevis are vectors of phytoplasma in Israel. A simple PCR-based assay is thus provided, circumventing the need for tedious biological assays and enabling epidemiological studies of phytoplasma transmissibility on a large scale.
8
Grace, J. Kenneth. "Oral Toxicity of Barium Metaborate to the Eastern Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)." Journal of Entomological Science 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-25.1.112.
Full textAbstract:
The oral toxicity of barium metaborate monohydrate (Busan 11-Ml) to Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) was evaluated in no-choice assays by feeding termite workers for 15 and 30 days on filter papers treated with concentrations of 500–40,000 ppm (weight/weight). In the 15 day assay, 30,000 ppm resulted in 92 ± 17% termite mortality and a concomitant 86% reduction in paper consumption. Feeding for 30 days on 1,500 ppm resulted in 100% mortality. Reduced paper consumption was associated with termite mortality, and feeding on low concentrations did not differ from that on control papers. Concentrations ≥ 20,000 ppm provided protection from termite feeding, while concentrations ≤ 5,000 ppm may be applicable in developing baits for subterranean termite control.
9
Lait, Cameron G., Daniel R. Miller, Sarah L. Bates, John H. Borden, and Allison R. Kermode. "Biochemical Assay Detects Feeding Damage to Loblolly Pine Seeds Caused by the Leaffooted Pine Seed Bug (Hemiptera: Coreidae)." Journal of Entomological Science 38, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 644–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-38.4.644.
Full textAbstract:
A large number of proteins in salivary gland extracts of the leaffooted pine seed bug, Leptoglossus corculus Say, were strongly recognized by a polyclonal antibody-based assay developed for detecting saliva of the western conifer seed bug. Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, in lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelmann, seeds. An average of approximately 85% of loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., seeds exposed to feeding by L. corculus for 1 to 4 weeks in the laboratory contained detectable amounts of salivary proteins when the antibody assays were performed weekly on samples (n = 10) of seed. In comparison, radiography of exposed seed detected an average of approximately 63% damaged seed over the same 4-wk period, indicating that the antibody assay increased sensitivity of damage detection by approximately one-third. Depletion of insoluble polypeptides and proliferation of soluble polypeptides ≤23.5 kDa was apparent after SDS-PAGE and quantitative assays were performed on proteins extracted from seeds that were damaged by exposure to L. corculus feeding. Our data suggest that the antibody-based test could be used to obtain accurate estimates of seed losses attributable to L. corculus feeding in southern pine seed orchards.
10
Bhaskar Gollapudi, B., Rebekah J. Bruce, and Anil K. Sinha. "The role of feeding rejection in Drosophila mutation assays." Mutation Research Letters 144, no. 1 (September 1985): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-7992(85)90117-4.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Feeding assays"
1
Peters, Brenton Charles. "Xylophagous insects : developments in feeding assays /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://adt.library.uq.edu.au/public/adt-QU20041123.093606/index.html.
Full text
2
Maloy, Natasha Quinta. "An in vitro study to assess three different sterilising methods for infant feeding cups and bottles." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71828.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MCurr)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background Diarrhoea (frequent, loose, watery stools) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality globally and affects mainly infants and children under the age of five years. Unhygienic feeding practices and feeding utensils contribute to diarrhoeal incidences. The most common causes of acute gastroenteritis worldwide are infectious agents, such as viruses, bacteria and parasites Aim The aim of the study was to investigate which out of three particular sterilising methods is the most effective for sterilising feeding bottles and cups. Methods An experimental quantitative approach was most appropriate for the current study. An in vitro experimental study with a descriptive design was utilised under controlled laboratory conditions. The study was conducted at the University of the Western Cape (UWC) in April 2009. Results The sample size consisted of 16 samples, of which two were used for each method of sterilisation, namely: two (2) bottles and two (2) cups for sunlight; two (2) bottles and two (2) cups for Milton™; two (2) bottles and two (2) cups for Sunlight™ dishwashing liquid; and control utensils that consisted of two (2) bottles and two (2) cups. The target population for the study comprised infant feeding bottles and feeding cups. The analysis for the APC cultures that was compared in the cups vs. bottles, in order to see whether there was a significant difference between the mean bacteria counts, shows that the average bacteria count (on the ln scale) was 6 cfu/ml and 9 cfu/ml for the cups and bottles, respectively. The t-value was -1.17524. As the ρ-value was 0.2595, no significant difference was found between the cups and bottles. The E. coli cultures were compared in the cups vs. bottles to see whether there was a significant difference between the mean bacteria counts. The results show that the average bacteria count (on the ln scale) was 7 cfu/ml and 7.6 cfu/ml for cups and bottles, respectively. The t-value was -0.211902. The ρ-value was 0.835237, and therefore there was no significant difference between cups and bottles. Conclusion The current study showed no significant difference between the sterilising methods or between the use of either bottles or cups. Therefore, a study with a larger sample size is recommended for further research. Recommendations The researcher recommends that future researchers conduct broader studies, with a larger sample size on the topic. Studies with a larger sample size enabled the real differences to be large enough to be significant. The use of sunlight is recommended as a sterilisation method for infant feeding utensils, as it is both time- and cost-effective. Sunlight is an inexpensive and readily available method of sterilisation; therefore, it can be used by relatively under resourced socio-economic communities.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond Diarree (gereelde, los, waterige stoelgang) is een van die hoofoorsake van morbiditeit en sterflikheid wêreldwyd en affekteer hoofsaaklik suigelinge en kinders onder die ouderdom van vyf jaar. Onhigiëniese voedingspraktyke en -gereedskap dra by tot die voorkoms van diarree-gevalle. Die mees algemene oorsake van akute gastroënteritus wêreldwyd word veroorsaak deur aansteeklike agente soos virusse, bakterieë en parasiete. Doel Die doel van hierdie studie is om ondersoek te doen na watter van die drie bepaalde steriliseringsmetodes die mees effektiewe is vir die sterilisering van bottels en koppies. Metodes ’n Eksperimentele kwantitatiewe benadering is die mees geskikte een vir die huidige studie. ’n In vitro-eksperimentele studie met ’n deskriptiewe ontwerp is onder gekontroleerde laboratorium omstandighede aangewend. Die studie is by die Universitet van die Wes-Kaap (UWK) in April 2009 uitgevoer. Resultate Die steekproefgroote het bestaan uit 16 monsters waarvan twee gebruik is vir elke steriliseringsmetode, naamlik: twee (2) bottels en twee (2) koppies vir sonlig; twee (2) bottels en twee (2) koppies vir Milton™; twee (2) bottels en twee (2) koppies vir Sunlight™ skottelgoedopwasmiddel; en kontrole gereedskap wat bestaan het uit twee (2) bottels en twee (2) koppies. Die teikenbevolking vir die studie het bestaan uit voedingsbottels en -koppies vir suigelinge. Die analise vir die APC-kulture wat vergelyk is in die koppies vs. bottels om te bepaal of daar ’n beduidende verskil is tussen die gemiddelde bakterie-tellings, toon dat die gemiddelde bakterie-telling (op die In-skaal) is 6 cfu/ml en 9 cfu/ml vir die koppies en bottels respektiewelik. Die t-waarde is -1.17524. Aangesien die p-waarde 0.2595 is, is daar geen beduidende verskil gevind tussen die koppies en die bottels nie. Die E. coli-kulture is vergelyk in die koppies vs. bottels om te bepaal of daar ’n beduidende verskil tussen die gemiddelde bakterie-tellings is. Die uitslae wys dat die gemiddelde bakterie-telling (op die In-skaal) is 7cfu/ml en 7.6 cfu/ml vir koppies en bottels respektiewelik. Die t-waarde is -0.211902. Die p-waarde is 0.835237 en dus is daar geen beduidende verskil tussen koppies en bottels nie. Gevolgtrekking Die huidige studie toon dat daar geen beduidende verskil tussen die steriliseringsmetodes of tussen die gebruik van of bottels of koppies is nie. Dus, ’n studie met ’n groter steekproefgrootte word aanbeveel vir toekomstige navorsing. Aanbevelings Die navorser beveel aan dat toekomstige navorsers meer omvattende studies met ’n groter steekproefgrootte oor die onderwerp uitvoer. Studies met ’n groter steekproefgrootte sal veroorsaak dat die werklike verskille vanweë hul grootte genoegsaam sal wees, om beduidend te wees. Die gebruik van sonlig as ’n steriliseringsmetode vir die gereedskap van suigelinge word aanbeveel, aangesen dit beide tyd- en kostebesparend is. Sonlig is ’n goedkoop en maklik verkrygbare metode van sterilisasie; dus kan dit gebruik word deur gemeenskappe wat nie oor die nodige middele beskik nie, vanweë hul sosio-ekonomiese situasies.
3
Titus, Lauren. "Parasite Induced Host Compensatory Feeding in the Drosophila-Macrocheles Mite System." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1511860712984619.
Full text
4
Dodds, Catherine Jane. "The action of naturally-occuring semiochemicals on feeding behaviour and neurophysiology of the field slug Deroceras reticulatum (Mueller)." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310443.
Full text
5
Lukens, Colleen Taylor. "Development and validation of an inventory to assess eating and mealtime behavior problems in children with autism." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1127133704.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 101 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-78). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
6
Marim, Marina Manduca Ferreira [UNESP]. "Práticas alimentares no primeiro ano de vida no município de Assis-SP: tendência temporal de 10 anos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141916.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by MARINA MANDUCA FERREIRA MARIM null (marina_manduca@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-21T19:07:48Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
TESE_Marina Manduca Ferreira Marim_versão final .pdf: 1625154 bytes, checksum: 363366dc7f4a4defc2f314b64032de4a (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-07-25T19:39:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marim_mmf_dr_bot.pdf: 1625154 bytes, checksum: 363366dc7f4a4defc2f314b64032de4a (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-25T19:39:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marim_mmf_dr_bot.pdf: 1625154 bytes, checksum: 363366dc7f4a4defc2f314b64032de4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-27
O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a tendência temporal (2001-2011) de indicadores das práticas alimentares de crianças menores de um ano no município de Assis-SP a partir de sete inquéritos transversais realizados em 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 e 2011 concomitantemente a campanhas de vacinação. Trata-se de uma série histórica. A fonte dos dados é o Projeto AMAMUNIC realizado em Assis – SP , no qual as mães ou responsáveis pelas crianças menores de um ano são entrevistadas, respondendo sobre o consumo (current status) de uma lista de alimentos no dia anterior, entre eles leite materno, outros tipos de leite, água, chá, suco, mingau, comida de sal, alimentos adoçados e outros. Os inquéritos alcançaram cobertura entre 50 e 88% do número estimado de nascidos vivos. Os indicadores da qualidade da alimentação infantil utilizados foram construídos para o presente estudo com base na literatura, considerando-se as informações disponíveis nos bancos de dados e as pequenas diferenças entre os questionários aplicados de 2001 a 2007 (versão 1) e em 2008 e 2011 (versão 2). A análise estatística envolveu regressão linear simples para teste de tendência com avaliação da adequação dos modelos pelo teste de normalidade dos resíduos por Shapiro-Wilk. Todos os indicadores referentes ao aleitamento materno apresentaram aumento positivo, sendo a tendência temporal estatisticamente significativa para Aleitamento Materno Exclusivo em menores de seis meses, com aumento de 1,77pontos percentuais/inquérito e Aleitamento Materno entre as crianças com seis a 12 meses de idade, com aumento de 1,02 ponto percentual/inquérito. O indicador Início do Aleitamento Materno na Primeira Hora de Vida apresentou percentuais “bons” (50 – 89%) segundo a OMS, nos dois anos (2008 e 2011) em que foi estudado. O indicador Oportunidade da alimentação complementar manteve-se estável, alcançando em torno de 80% das crianças na década. Metade das crianças, tanto entre as amamentadas como entre as não amamentadas, não alcançaram a Variedade mínima recomendada de 5 grupos alimentares consumidos no dia anterior. Destaca-se ainda a baixa proporção que alcançou a Frequência Mínima de Refeições, especialmente no grupo de crianças não amamentadas (7,8% em 2008 e 9,6% em 2011). Alimentos industrializados (sucos artificiais, refrigerantes, biscoitos/salgadinhos e alimentos adoçados) foram consumidos pelas crianças menores de seis meses (8,1% comeram biscoito/salgadinho industrializado em 2011) e entre as crianças com idade de seis a 12 meses o percentual de consumidores foi alto, chegando, no caso do consumo de biscoito/salgadinho industrializado, a 76% em 2008 e 65,5% em 2011. Vistos em conjunto, os resultados apontam situação distante das recomendações desde o início até o final do período para a maior parte dos indicadores, com evolução positiva dos indicadores de aleitamento materno e estabilidade nos indicadores relativos a alimentação complementar.
The aim of this study was to analyze temporal trend (2001-2011) of infant feeding practice indicators at Assis-SP, from seven cross-sectional surveys performed in 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 and 2011 concomitantly with vaccination campaigns. This is a time series. The data source is the AMAMUNIC Project conducted in Assis - SP , in which mothers or guardians of children under one year old are interviewed, inquiring about the consumption (current status) of a list of foods, liquids and solids, the day before, including breast milk, other types of milk, water, tea, juice, porridge, salt food, sweetened foods and others. The surveys cover reached between 50 and 88% coverage of the estimated number of live births in those respective years. The variables / indicators of quality infant feeding used were built for this study based on the literature, considering the information available / not available in databases and small differences between the questionnaires 2001-2007 (version 1) and in 2008 and 2011 (version 2). Statistical analysis involved simple linear regression for trend test the adequacy of models residual analysis by Shapiro-Wilk. All breastfeeding indicators showed positive increase, having the temporal trend statistically significance Exclusive Breastfeeding for infants under six months infant, an increase of 1.77 percentage points by survey year and Breastfeeding among children six to 12 months of age old, an increase of 1.02 percentage points by survey year. Breastfeeding Initiation at the first hour of life presented "good" (50 to 89%) percentage according to the WHO, in the two years (2008 and 2011) they were studied. The Opportunity indicator remained stable, reaching around 80% of children in the decade. Half of the children, breastfed and non-breastfed, did not reach the minimum recommended Variety of 5 food groups consumed the day before. Low proportion that reached the Minimum Meal Frequency, especially in the non-breastfed group (7.8% in 2008 and 9.6% in 2011). Industrialized food (artificial juices, soft drinks, biscuits/snacks and sweetened foods) were consumed by children under six months old (8.1% ate industrialized biscuit / snack in 2011) and among children aged six to 12 months old the percentage of consumers was high, reaching, in case of industrialized biscuits/snacks consumption, up to 76% in 2008 and 65.5% in 2011. Taken together, the results indicate a far status of recommendation from the beginning to the end of the period for most indicators, with positive development in breastfeeding indicators and stability in the complementary feed indicators.
7
Witteveen, Briana. "Using Stable Isotopes to Assess Population Structure and Feeding Ecology of North Pacific Humpback Whales (Megaptera Novaeangliae)." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3979.
Full textAbstract:
The North Pacific humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) is a wide-ranging baleen whale species with a complex life history and population structure. As seasonal migrants, humpback whales are known to inhabit cooler, high-latitude waters when foraging and low-latitudes for mating and calving. Beyond this general migratory pattern, a number of demographic characteristics including, abundance, distribution, seasonal occurrence, and prey preferences remain unknown or poorly described. A complete understanding of humpback whale ecology is therefore lacking. Many methods used to explore these aspects of cetacean ecology are either prohibitively expensive or limited in the scope of what can be learned from their use. Fortunately, in recent years, the analysis of stable isotope ratios of animal tissues has proved a valuable and relatively inexpensive technique for providing information on trophic position, diet, and feeding origins of migratory populations. This study employed techniques in stable isotope ecology to increase knowledge of the population structure, migration routes, and foraging ecology of North Pacific humpback whales. Skin samples were collected from free-ranging humpback whales throughout all known feeding and breeding grounds and were analyzed for stable carbon ([delta]13C) and nitrogen ([delta]15N) isotope ratios. The population structure of humpback whales was first explored through geographic differences in stable isotope ratios. Stable isotope ratios varied significantly with location of sample collection. Based on this analysis, foraging animals were separated into six feeding groups. Classification tree analysis was then used to determine which isotopic variables could be used to predict group membership. Probable migratory linkages were then described by applying results of classification trees to [delta]13C and [delta]15N of animals sampled on breeding grounds. Strong migratory connections between the eastern-most foraging and breeding areas and the western-most areas were reflected in similarities of stable isotope ratios. Foraging ecology was then examined through calculation and comparison of the relative trophic levels of the six feeding groups. Isotopic values suggest some feeding groups are piscivorous, while others feed on a more mixed diet. These results can be used to determine if differences in diet composition between groups result in differences in accrued nutritional benefits, negatively impacting reproductive success and survival relative to fish eating groups. Finally, to gain insight into specific foraging habits, the diet of one group of humpback whales was modeled using an isotope mixing model. The [delta]13C and [delta]15N of Kodiak Island, Alaska humpback whales and several species of potential prey indicate that these animals likely rely heavily on euphausiids (Thysanoessa spinifera), Pacific sandlance (Ammodytes hexapterus), and capelin (Mallotus villosus). This study represents the first application of stable isotope ecology to an entire population of marine mammals. Stable isotope analysis was successfully applied to describe and improve understanding of the demographics of North Pacific humpback whales.Ph.D.
Department of Biology
Sciences
Conservation Biology PhD
8
Witteveen, Briana Harmony. "Using stable isotopes to assess population structure and feeding ecology of North Pacific humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002386.
Full text
9
Williams, Philip Mark. "Feeding behaviour of Lumbriculus variegatus as an ecological indicator of in situ sediment contamination." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/38.
Full textAbstract:
Previous studies have demonstrated that the feeding behaviour of Lumbriculus variegatus may be significantly inhibited during exposure to toxic substances. The potential use of an in situ sediment bioassay, using L.variegatus post-exposure feeding inhibition as an endpoint, was investigated. The bioassay consisted of exposing animals in the field for a six-day exposure period and feeding rates were measured immediately afterwards over a twenty-four hour post-exposure period. The bioassay methodology developed in the laboratory produced a consistent baseline response that was reliable and repeatable. Endpoint sensitivity was demonstrated under laboratory conditions, where bioassay organisms exhibited delayed recovery from feeding inhibition after previous exposure to sediment-associated contaminants. The apparent insensitivity of the bioassay to sediment-associated metals means that the technique should only be used as part of a suite of bioassays that employ representative deposit feeders. The ecological relevance of the bioassay endpoint was also demonstrated by comparing short-term measures of post-exposure feeding inhibition with the longer-term effects of a toxicant on L.variegatus populations. The bioassay methodology was successfully adapted for in situ use. Post-exposure feeding inhibition was detected at contaminated field sites. However, the consistent baseline response produced in the laboratory could not be replicated during deployments of the bioassay at upstream (“clean”) field sites. Increased environmental “noise” may have been a result of a number of confounding factors that could limit the sensitivity of the bioassay endpoint if not adequately controlled. Despite the above concerns, the in situ bioassay is suggested to represent a useful tool, which uses a more realistic field exposure scenario to investigate the effects of sediment-associated toxicants with an important functional component of aquatic ecosystems.
10
Bauer, Christopher Edward. "Associations between Sleep, Infant Feeding Methods, Brain Development and Behavior| A Multimodal Approach to Assess Plasticity in the Brain." Thesis, West Virginia University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10259351.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a spectrum disorder that is estimated to effect a significant proportion of the pediatric population (1-3% in USA). SDB is able to disrupt and fragment sleep through frequent arousals and intermittent hypoxia. In addition, the long term effects of SDB in pediatrics have been well-documented; decreases in intelligence quotient (IQ), executive function, school performance, and alertness have all been observed. Although surgical treatments can be quite effective, there are no widely accepted prophylactic measures to prevent SDB development. Recently, breastfeeding duration in infancy has been demonstrated to be correlated with reduced SDB (lower AHI, RAI, and higher SpO2), as well as increases in IQ, executive function, and school performance (independent of SDB). The overarching goal of this dissertation was to examine the potential effects of both breastfeeding duration and SDB severity on the neurological underpinnings associated with observed behavioral and cognitive deficits; namely, correlations with white matter structural volume and fractional anisotropy (FA) scores through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Here, I proposed a unique developmental hypothesis where breastfeeding may ultimately reduce SDB, enabling the preservation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and leading to healthier neurological white matter development.
Method: Twenty-four children with SDB and 19 healthy controls were imaged using MR techniques. White matter volume was measured using the central 13 millimeters of the corpus callosum (CC). DTI of major white matter tracts was also conducted. The SDB group received neurocognitive testing to assess cognitive performance; the control group was assessed using real-world academic report cards. Finally, REM sleep was quantified in infants using overnight polysomnography (PSG), with SDB metrics and infant feeding method also measured. Results: There was no correlation between infant feeding methods and CC volume in either group, nor a significant differences between CC volumes in children with SDB versus those without. However, increased breastfeeding duration was correlated with increased left superior longitudinal fasciculus (LSLF) and left angular bundle (LAB) FA scores in healthy controls. In 8-9 month old infants, increased breastfeeding duration was also correlated with a reduced proportion of REM sleep (%TST), and children with exclusive breastfeeding had reduced SDB in infancy compared to children with any formula feeding. Finally, exclusively formula-fed infants were diagnosed with “primary snoring” more often than those with any amount of breastfeeding.
Conclusions: The findings in this dissertation revealed associations between breastfeeding, SDB, REM sleep, and white matter integrity in the brain. These results support the hypothesis that certain cognitive effects associated with SDB and infant feeding methods may have common underlying anatomical brain changes that subserve these observed phenomena.
Books on the topic "Feeding assays"
1
Holder, Helen. Nutrition and hydration. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642663.003.0010.
Full textAbstract:
On admission, patients should have nutritional screening and assessment, in order to plan effective peri-operative nutritional care and prevent surgical complications associated with a poor nutritional status. The malnourished patient may require enteral nutrition in the form of oral nutritional supplements or enteral tube feeding. The surgical patient is at risk of peri-operative and/or electrolyte disturbances which can lead to dehydration, fluid overload, and cardiac arrhythmias. Accurate fluid balance monitoring will enable the nurse to identify fluid disturbances, assess the effectiveness of interventions, and prevent complications associated with fluid and electrolyte disturbances. This chapter covers nutritional screening and assessment, fluid balance, intravenous fluid regimes, nutritional goals, and enteral and parenteral nutrition.
2
Byrne, John H., ed. The Oxford Handbook of Invertebrate Neurobiology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190456757.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Invertebrates have proven to be extremely useful models for gaining insights into the neural and molecular mechanisms of sensory processing, motor control, and higher functions, such as feeding behavior, learning and memory, navigation, and social behavior. Their enormous contribution to neuroscience is due, in part, to the relative simplicity of invertebrate nervous systems and, in part, to the large cells found in some invertebrates, like mollusks. Because of the organizms’ cell size, individual neurons can be surgically removed and assayed for expression of membrane channels, levels of second messengers, protein phosphorylation, and RNA and protein synthesis. Moreover, peptides and nucleotides can be injected into individual neurons. Other invertebrate systems such as Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans are ideal models for genetic approaches to the exploration of neuronal function and the neuronal bases of behavior. The Oxford Handbook of Invertebrate Neurobiology reviews neurobiological phenomena, including motor pattern generation, mechanisms of synaptic transmission, and learning and memory, as well as circadian rhythms, development, regeneration, and reproduction. Species-specific behaviors are covered in chapters on the control of swimming in annelids, crustacea, and mollusks; locomotion in hexapods; and camouflage in cephalopods. A unique feature of the handbook is the coverage of social behavior and intentionality in invertebrates. These developments are contextualized in a chapter summarizing past contributions of invertebrate research as well as areas for future studies that will continue to advance the field.
Book chapters on the topic "Feeding assays"
1
Lewis, A. C., and H. F. van Emden. "Assays for Insect Feeding." In Springer Series in Experimental Entomology, 95–119. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4910-8_4.
Full text
2
Himpsl, Stephanie D., and Harry L. T. Mobley. "Siderophore Detection Using Chrome Azurol S and Cross-Feeding Assays." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 97–108. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9601-8_10.
Full text
3
Stone, Will J. R., and Teun Bousema. "The Standard Membrane Feeding Assay: Advances Using Bioluminescence." In Malaria Vaccines, 101–12. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2815-6_9.
Full text
4
Raz, Abbasali, Jafar J. Sani, and Hemn Yousefi. "Standard Membrane Feeding Assay for Malaria Transmission Studies." In Vaccine Design, 597–606. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1884-4_32.
Full text
5
Roberts-Galbraith, Rachel H. "RNAi Screening to Assess Tissue Regeneration in Planarians." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 509–27. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2172-1_27.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractOver the past several decades, planarians have emerged as a powerful model system with which to study the cellular and molecular basis of whole-body regeneration. The best studied planarians belong to freshwater flatworm species that maintain their remarkable regenerative capacity partly through the deployment of a population of adult pluripotent stem cells. Assessment of gene function in planarian regeneration has primarily been achieved through RNA interference (RNAi), either through the feeding or injection of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). RNAi treatment of planarians has several advantages, including ease of use, which allows for medium-throughput screens of hundreds of genes over the course of a single project. Here, I present methods for dsRNA synthesis and RNAi feeding, as well as strategies for follow-up assessment of both structural and functional regeneration of organ systems of planarians, with a special emphasis on neural regeneration.
6
Seo, Keun Seok. "Monkey Feeding Assay for Testing Emetic Activity of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin." In Superantigens, 125–31. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3344-0_11.
Full text
7
Garza, Cutberto, Richard Schanler, Judy Hopkinson, Gary Silber, Kathleen Motil, David Hachey, Nancy Butte, and Edward Emken. "Feeding the Premature Infant: Methods to Assess Lactation Performance." In Human Lactation 2, 253–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7207-7_22.
Full text
8
Dryden, Gordon McL. "Assessing nutritional status and nutrient supplements for grazing animals." In Fundamentals of applied animal nutrition, 205–18. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786394453.0016.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This chapter describes how to assess the body condition of domestic animals, methods for identifying mineral deficiencies, planning nutrient supplementation of grazing animals, supplement delivery methods, mineral supplementation methods, nonprotein nitrogen and protein supplements, responses to urea and protein supplements, economics of nutrient supplementation and survival feeding.
9
Sattabongkot, Jetsumon, Chalermpon Kumpitak, and Kirakorn Kiattibutr. "Membrane Feeding Assay to Determine the Infectiousness of Plasmodium vivax Gametocytes." In Malaria Vaccines, 93–99. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2815-6_8.
Full text
10
Withers, Toni M. "Examining the hierarchy threshold model in a no-choice feeding assay." In Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships, 89–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1890-5_10.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Feeding assays"
1
Ivic-Haymes, Snezana D., Mark Boetel, Larry G. Campbell, Robert Dregsetb, and Ann C. Smigocki. "An in vitro sugar beet root maggot (Tetanops myopaeformis) feeding assay." In 33rd Biennial Meeting of American Society of Sugarbeet Technologist. ASSBT, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5274/assbt.2005.59.
Full text
2
Bhattacharjee, Tapomayukh, Maria E. Cabrera, Anat Caspi, Maya Cakmak, and Siddhartha S. Srinivasa. "A Community-Centered Design Framework for Robot-Assisted Feeding Systems." In ASSETS '19: The 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3308561.3353803.
Full text
3
Debnath, Nitai, and Sumistha Das. "Nanoparticle mediated RNAi in insects: A novel feeding assay based method for controlling insect pests." In 2018 IEEE 18th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nano.2018.8706508.
Full text
4
Záhradník, Miroslav, and Ján Pokrivčák. "Using decision support tool for dairy farm management to assess the economic impact of various feeding scenarios." In International Scientific Days 2016 :: The Agri-Food Value Chain: Challenges for Natural Resources Management and Society. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/isd2016.s12.13.
Full text
5
Kamalova, Anara. "Problems and Perspectives of Tourism Infrastructure Development in the Kyrgyz Republic." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02231.
Full textAbstract:
Tourism business development perspectives mostly depend on the level of infrastructure. Tourism infrastructure includes a group of industries which provides passive tourism balance. It has its own resources: natural, recreational, production assets - service enterprises, personnel, relations with other sectors of economy, providing accommodation, feeding, recreation, information and transport services for tourists. Tourism infrastructure contributes to the adequate functioning of tourist’s leisure.
Despite all efforts to develop tourism in Kyrgyzstan, good results of its development are not yet observed, the share of tourism in GDP still remains very low. Tourism infrastructure is developing very poorly. Today, tourism rests solely on natural beauty, only beach tourism remains developed, in recent years, recreation at ski resorts has become more or less popular.
Taking into account all the above, in this article we will try to assess the current state of development of the republic’s tourism infrastructure, identify the main problems inhibiting the development of quality tourist services and identify the main directions for the development of tourism infrastructure in the future. Creating a quality level of tourism infrastructure, in our opinion, is one of the factors for increasing the share of tourism in the GDP of the Kyrgyz Republic.
6
Matějíček, J., K. Neufuss, P. Ctibor, P. Rohan, J. Dubský, P. Chráska, and V. Brožek. "WSP-Sprayed Boron Carbide Coatings for Fusion Applications." In ITSC2002, edited by C. C. Berndt and E. Lugscheider. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2002p0001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract An investigation was conducted to assess the potential of water-stabilized plasma (WSP) spraying for applying protective boron carbide coatings to fusion reactor components. This paper describes how test samples were produced and how coating quality was determined. The authors sprayed boron carbide powder onto steel and stainless steel substrates using different powder feeding and spraying distances, substrate preheat temperatures, and carrier gases. They also investigated methods for optimizing the plasma jet and improving coating adhesion. The boron carbide coatings were characterized based on phase composition, porosity, oxygen content, and flexural strength. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
7
Pashtetskaya, A. V., P. S. Ostapchuk, and S. A. Emelyanov. "Nutritional properties of sheep muscle tissue on the background of the use of liposomal form of antioxidants." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-139.
Full textAbstract:
To assess the quality of lamb meat after feeding young sheep with liposomal form of antioxidants is the key aim of the research. Chemical analysis of muscle tissue showed a significant (p≤0.05) increase in fat in the m. Longissimus dorsi and neck muscles by 5.3 % and 7.1 %, respectively. A significant increase in protein was observed in the average samples of leg (by 11.1%) and neck muscles (8.7 %). The calorific value of meat significantly increased in the carcasses of young animals of the experimental group. The average samples of the m. Longissimus dorsi and neck muscles showed an increase of this indicator by 3.6 and 7.6 % (p≤0.05), respectively
8
Milovanović, Danka, Valentina Nikolić, Slađana Žilić, Marijana Simić, Beka Sarić, Snežana M. Jovanović, and Marko Vasić. "THE INFLUENCE OF MICRONIZATION OF CEREALS AND LEGUMES ON FEED CONVERSION, DIGESTIBILITY, AND DAILY GAIN OF WEANED PIGLETS." In 1st International Symposium on Biotechnology. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt28.399m.
Full textAbstract:
The main aim of this study was to assess the effect of the micronization process applied on cereals and legumes, as feed components, on the efficiency of feed conversion, digestibility, and daily gain of weaned piglets. The results showed that the digestibility of the investigated micronized maize and wheat flakes was higher than that of the respective raw grains. The digestibility of the feed mixture prepared with micronized cereals and legumes was higher (84.74%) than that of the commercial feed mixture (80.27%). The feed mixture prepared with micronized cereals and legumes manifested beneficial effects on weaned piglets’ daily gain, feed conversion, and digestibility in the feeding trial.
9
Alleva, Laura, Mauro Monti, Emanuele Paravicini Bagliani, Alessandro Paggi, and Philippe Darcis. "An Improved Methodology to Assess Weldability of Line Pipe Steels." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95953.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The exploration of oil & gas fields towards more demanding environments require the continuous development of line pipe steels capable to withstand severe working conditions (high pressure, high temperature, sour environment, large deformations) maintaining good weldability in terms of hardness control in the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ). Therefore, the response to welding thermal cycles needs to be taken into account since the first steps of the product development. This paper describes a methodology to ascertain the weldability of new line pipe steels. A matrix of welding trials, based on different welding technologies, was designed; the manufactured welds were assessed in terms of hardness and microstructure using standard and non-standard approach. Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) cold wire technique with anthropomorphic robot was selected as principal process, being extremely robust, accurate and repeatable and able to reproduce with good accuracy the thermal field of different arc welding operations. Furthermore, GTAW process permits to manage separately the so called “Arc Energy” (Volt*Ampere) and wire feeding: this additional degree of freedom gives the possibility to produce different combinations of Heat Inputs and Diluting Ratios. Single and multi-pass bead on plates (WT∼40mm) with no pre-heating were used to promote high restrained configurations and high residual stresses to reproduce the worst welding condition. Furthermore bead on plate have been performed by Nd:YAG laser to generate fastest cooling rates and narrowest welding pools. The investigation activity was performed according to the API RP 2Z for what concerns the characterization of the main Heat Affected Zone both for single and multi-pass. For the individuation and investigation of the HAZ sub-zones a thermal model has been selected, validated by dedicated instrumented welding activity and used to predict the thermal cycle in selected points/zones of the HAZ (e.g. CGHAZ, FGHAZ...). In depth metallographic/hardness analysis was performed on the welded samples using non-standard methods: low, medium and high magnification optical microscope analysis to generate a complete morphological map, suitable hardness paths with low and standard loads along the main direction of heat propagation in the bead and “tint etching” to better individuate the phase fractions of the different sub-zones of the HAZ. Finally, proprietary and commercial predictive tools, using different input parameters (e.g. heat input, cooling rate, composition...) were used to calculate hardness and phase fractions under the experimental operative conditions. Results were compared to those obtained by the experimental activity.
10
Lanzini, Andrea, Pierluigi Leone, and Massimo Santarelli. "Utilisation of Biogas From an Urban Sewage Treatment Plant in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33104.
Full textAbstract:
A biogas coming from anaerobic digestion of urban sewage has been used to feed a SOFC planar anode-supported cell. The sewage is produced from the urban area of Torino (IT), and eventually collected and treated by SMAT (the municipal company managing the potable and waste water of the city). The biogas is produced by the thermophilic fermentation of the sludge which remains after the several treatments the sewage goes through in the above-mentioned plant. The biogas is of a high quality: it has on average a a methane content around 65% (the balance being essentially CO2), and the only significant impurity measured is H2S in a range of 70–80 ppm. The as-produced biogas has been used for feeding a planar Ni-YSZ anode-supported SOFC with a LSCF cathode. The biogas desulphurization was accomplished flowing the gas in a fixed-bed reactor, filled with activated. The fuel processing with POX has been assessed to avoid carbon deposition into the Ni-YSZ anode and convert the CH4 into H2 and CO. Short tests to check for eventual anode degradation were performed under typical operating conditions. The cell voltage was always stable under load with the tested mixtures. A cell electrical efficiency around 45% has been measured at 800°C and 80% FU. System simulations have performed as well to assess the whole system configuration under a biogas feeding. Optimization routines have been implemented to predict the best net AC efficiency achievable by a SOFC system running on biogas. Additional considerations on the management of poor LHV biogas mixture have been also assessed, showing how dry-reforming of CH4 with the CO2 already available in the biogas stream would be an excellent option needed to be investigated with further detail in the next future.
Reports on the topic "Feeding assays"
1
Horton, David, Victoria Soroker, Peter Landolt, and Anat Zada Byers. Characterization and Chemistry of Sexual Communication in Two Psyllid Pests of Pears (Homoptera: Psyllidae). United States Department of Agriculture, August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592653.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Pear-feeding psyllids in the genus Cacopsylla (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) are among the most important arthropod pests of pears worldwide. These pests are exceedingly difficult to control, and new management tools are needed. Sex attractantpheromones have been used in IPM programs for pests of pome fruits (especially Lepidoptera), but not as yet for pest Hemiptera. Results of the current project showed that males of two psyllid pests of pears, Cacopsylla bidens (Israel) and Cacopsylla pyricola (North America), use volatile or semi-volatile compounds to locate female psyllids for mating. For both species, the attractants can be collected from the cuticle of females by washing live female psyllids with an appropriate solvent. Analysis of these washes by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry led to the following discoveries: Psyllid cuticles contain a mix of hydrocarbons, straight chain and branched alkanes, and long chain aldehydes The two species have different chemical profiles Chemical profiles change seasonally and with reproductive status Chemical profiles differ between male and reproductive female psyllids Several specific compounds found to be more abundant in attractive females than males were identified and synthesized. Behavioral assays (olfactometer) were then used to determine whether these compounds were attractive to males. Two compounds showed promise as attractants for male psyllids: 7-methylheptacosane (C. bidens) and 13-methylheptacosane (C. pyricola and C. bidens). These are the first sex attractantpheromones identified for any psyllid species. Field tests showed that the chemicals could be used to attract males under orchard conditions, but that effectiveness in the field appeared to be seasonally variable. Future research plans include: (a) test mixtures of compounds; (b) explore seasonality in field response to compounds; (c) determine whether chirality of the two compounds affects their attractiveness; and (d) compare different types of traps and release devices to optimize lure performance.
2
Landau, Sergei Yan, John W. Walker, Avi Perevolotsky, Eugene D. Ungar, Butch Taylor, and Daniel Waldron. Goats for maximal efficacy of brush control. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587731.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Brush encroachment constitutes a serious problem in both Texas and Israel. We addressed the issue of efficacy of livestock herbivory - in the form of goat browsing - to change the ecological balance to the detriment of the shrub vegetation. Shrub consumption by goats is kept low by plant chemical defenses such as tannins and terpenes. Scientists at TAES and ARO have developed an innovative, cost-effective methodology using fecal Near Infrared Spectrometry to elucidate the dietary percentage of targeted, browse species (terpene-richredberry and blueberry juniper in the US, and tannin-rich Pistacialentiscus in Israel) for a large number of animals. The original research objectives of this project were: 1. to clarify the relative preference of goat breeds and the individual variation of goats within breeds, when consuming targeted brush species; 2. to assess the heritability of browse intake and validate the concept of breeding goat lines that exhibit high preference for chemically defended brush, using juniper as a model; 3. to clarify the relative contributions of genetics and learning on the preference for target species; 4. to identify mechanisms that are associated with greater intake of brush from the two target species; 5. to establish when the target species are the most vulnerable to grazing. (Issue no.5 was addressed only partly.) Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Both the Israel and US scientists put significant efforts into improving and validating the technique of Fecal NIRS for predicting the botanical composition of goat diets. Israeli scientists validated the use of observational data for calibrating fecal NIRS, while US scientists established that calibrations could be used across animals differing in breed and age but that caution should be used in making comparisons between different sexes. These findings are important because the ability to select goat breeds or individuals within a breed for maximal efficiency of brush control is dependent upon accurate measurement of the botanical composition of the diet. In Israel it was found that Damascus goats consume diets more than twice richer in P. lentiscus than Mamber or Boer goats. In the US no differences were found between Angora and Boer cross goats but significant differences were found between individuals within breeds in juniper dietary percentage. In both countries, intervention strategies were found that further increased the consumption of the chemically defended plant. In Israel feeding polyethylene glycol (PEG, MW 4,000) that forms high-affinity complexes with tannins increased P. lentiscus dietary percentage an average of 7 percentage units. In the US feeding a protein supplement, which enhances rates of P450-catalyzed oxidations and therefore the rate of oxidation of monoterpenes, increased juniper consumption 5 percentage units. However, the effects of these interventions were not as large as breed or individual animal effects. Also, in a wide array of competitive tannin-binding assays in Israel with trypsin, salivary proteins did not bind more tannic acid or quebracho tannin than non-specific bovine serum albumin, parotid saliva did not bind more tannins than mixed saliva, no response of tannin-binding was found to levels of dietary tannins, and the breed effect was of minor importance, if any. These fundings strongly suggest that salivary proteins are not the first line of defense from tannin astringency in goats. In the US relatively low values for heritability and repeatability for juniper consumption were found (13% and 30%, respectively), possibly resulting from sampling error or non-genetic transfer of foraging behavior, i.e., social learning. Both alternatives seem to be true as significant variation between sequential observations were noted on the same animal and cross fostering studies conducted in Israel demonstrated that kids raised by Mamber goats showed lower propensity to consume P. lentiscus than counterparts raised by Damascus goats.
3
Gutierrez-Arias, Ruvistay, Gabriel Salgado-Maldonado, Viviana Vidal Ojeda, Paola Letelier Valdivia, Francisco Salinas-Barahona, Carmen Echeverría-Valdebenito, and Pamela Seron. Frequency and assessment of swallowing disorders in adults on high-flow nasal cannula in critical and non-critical care settings. A scoping review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0078.
Full textAbstract:
Review question / Objective: i) What are the characteristics of the population undergoing high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in which swallowing disorders have been assessed? ii) What has been the programming used in HFNC when assessing swallowing disorders? iii) What assessment tools or scales have been used to assess swallowing disorders in adults undergoing HFNC? Background: HFNC has become a widely used respiratory support system, which has been shown to have positive effects in different populations. While facilitation of oral communication and feeding have been described as advantages, swallowing disorders have been postulated as potential complications.
4
Levy, Maggie, Raymond Zielinski, and Anireddy S. Reddy. IQD1 Function in Defense Responses. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699842.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of the proposed research was to study IQD1's mechanism of action and elucidate its role in plant protection. Preliminary experiments suggest that IQD1 binds CaM in a Ca²⁺-dependent manner and functions in general defense responses. We propose to identify proteins and genes that interact with IQD1, which may provide some clues to its mechanism of action. We also plan to dissect IQD1's integration in defense pathways and to study and modulate its binding affinity to CaM in order to enhance crop resistance. Our specific objectives were: (1) Analysis of IQD1's CaM-binding properties; (2) Identification of IQD1 targets;(3) Dissection of IQD1 integration into defense signaling pathways. Analysis of IQD1's CaM-binding properties defined four potential classes of sequences that should affect CaM binding: one is predicted to raise the affinity for Ca²⁺-dependent interaction but have no effect on Ca²⁺-independent binding; a second is predicted to act like the first mutation but eliminate Ca²⁺-independent binding; a third has no predicted effect on Ca²⁺-dependent binding but eliminates Ca²⁺-independent binding; and the fourth is predicted to eliminate or greatly reduce both Ca²⁺-dependent and Ca²⁺-independent binding. Following yeast two hybrid analysis we found that IQD1 interact with AtSR1 (Arabidopsis thalianaSIGNALRESPONSIVE1), a calcium/calmodulin-binding transcription factor, which has been shown to play an important role in biotic and abiotic stresses. We tested IQD1 interaction with both N-terminal or C-terminal half of SR1. These studies have uncovered that only the N-terminal half of the SR1 interacts with the IQD1. Since IQD1 has an important role in herbivory, its interaction with SR1 suggests that it might also be involved in plant responses to insect herbivory. Since AtSR1, like IQD1, is a calmodulin-binding protein and the mutant showed increased sensitivity to a herbivore, we analyzed WT, Atsr1 and the complemented line for the levels of GS to determine if the increased susceptibility of Atsr1 plants to T. ni feeding is associated with altered GS content. In general, Atsr1 showed a significant reduction in both aliphatic and aromatic GS levels as compared to WT. In order to study IQD1's molecular basis integration into hormone-signaling pathways we tested the epistatic relationships between IQD1 and hormone-signaling mutants. For that purpose we construct double mutants between IQD1ᴼXᴾ and mutants defective in plant-hormone signaling and GS accumulation. Epitasis with SA mutant NahG and npr1-1 and JA mutant jar1-1 suggested IQD1 function is dependent on both JA and SA as indicated by B. cinerea infection assays. We also verified the glucosinolate content in the crosses siblings and found that aliphatic GSL content is reduced in the double transgenic plants NahG:IQD1ᴼXᴾ as compare to parental lines while the aliphatic GSL content in the npr1-1:IQD1ᴼXᴾ and jar1-1: IQD1ᴼXᴾ double mutants was intimidated to the parental lines. This suggests that GSL content dependency on SA is downstream to IQD1. As a whole, this project should contribute to the development of new defense strategies that will improve crop protection and reduce yield losses and the amount of pesticides required; these will genuinely benefit farmers, consumers and the environment.
5
Altstein, Miriam, and Ronald J. Nachman. Rational Design of Insect Control Agent Prototypes Based on Pyrokinin/PBAN Neuropeptide Antagonists. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593398.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The general objective of this study was to develop rationally designed mimetic antagonists (and agonists) of the PK/PBAN Np class with enhanced bio-stability and bioavailability as prototypes for effective and environmentally friendly pest insect management agents. The PK/PBAN family is a multifunctional group of Nps that mediates key functions in insects (sex pheromone biosynthesis, cuticular melanization, myotropic activity, diapause and pupal development) and is, therefore, of high scientific and applied interest. The objectives of the current study were: (i) to identify an antagonist biophores (ii) to develop an arsenal of amphiphilic topically active PK/PBAN antagonists with an array of different time-release profiles based on the previously developed prototype analog; (iii) to develop rationally designed non-peptide SMLs based on the antagonist biophore determined in (i) and evaluate them in cloned receptor microplate binding assays and by pheromonotropic, melanotropic and pupariation in vivo assays. (iv) to clone PK/PBAN receptors (PK/PBAN-Rs) for further understanding of receptor-ligand interactions; (v) to develop microplate binding assays for screening the above SMLs. In the course of the granting period A series of amphiphilic PK/PBAN analogs based on a linear lead antagonist from the previous BARD grant was synthesized that incorporated a diverse array of hydrophobic groups (HR-Suc-A[dF]PRLa). Others were synthesized via the attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers. A hydrophobic, biostablePK/PBAN/DH analog DH-2Abf-K prevented the onset of the protective state of diapause in H. zea pupae [EC50=7 pmol/larva] following injection into the preceding larval stage. It effectively induces the crop pest to commit a form of ‘ecological suicide’. Evaluation of a set of amphiphilic PK analogs with a diverse array of hydrophobic groups of the formula HR-Suc-FTPRLa led to the identification of analog T-63 (HR=Decyl) that increased the extent of diapause termination by a factor of 70% when applied topically to newly emerged pupae. Another biostablePK analog PK-Oic-1 featured anti-feedant and aphicidal properties that matched the potency of some commercial aphicides. Native PK showed no significant activity. The aphicidal effects were blocked by a new PEGylated PK antagonist analog PK-dF-PEG4, suggesting that the activity is mediated by a PK/PBAN receptor and therefore indicative of a novel and selective mode-of-action. Using a novel transPro mimetic motif (dihydroimidazole; ‘Jones’) developed in previous BARD-sponsored work, the first antagonist for the diapause hormone (DH), DH-Jo, was developed and shown to block over 50% of H. zea pupal diapause termination activity of native DH. This novel antagonist development strategy may be applicable to other invertebrate and vertebrate hormones that feature a transPro in the active core. The research identifies a critical component of the antagonist biophore for this PK/PBAN receptor subtype, i.e. a trans-oriented Pro. Additional work led to the molecular cloning and functional characterization of the DH receptor from H. zea, allowing for the discovery of three other DH antagonist analogs: Drosophila ETH, a β-AA analog, and a dF analog. The receptor experiments identified an agonist (DH-2Abf-dA) with a maximal response greater than native DH. ‘Deconvolution’ of a rationally-designed nonpeptide heterocyclic combinatorial library with a cyclic bis-guanidino (BG) scaffold led to discovery of several members that elicited activity in a pupariation acceleration assay, and one that also showed activity in an H. zea diapause termination assay, eliciting a maximal response of 90%. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a CAP2b antidiuretic receptor from the kissing bug (R. prolixus) as well as the first CAP2b and PK receptors from a tick was also achieved. Notably, the PK/PBAN-like receptor from the cattle fever tick is unique among known PK/PBAN and CAP2b receptors in that it can interact with both ligand types, providing further evidence for an evolutionary relationship between these two NP families. In the course of the granting period we also managed to clone the PK/PBAN-R of H. peltigera, to express it and the S. littoralis-R Sf-9 cells and to evaluate their interaction with a variety of PK/PBAN ligands. In addition, three functional microplate assays in a HTS format have been developed: a cell-membrane competitive ligand binding assay; a Ca flux assay and a whole cell cAMP ELISA. The Ca flux assay has been used for receptor characterization due to its extremely high sensitivity. Computer homology studies were carried out to predict both receptor’s SAR and based on this analysis 8 mutants have been generated. The bioavailability of small linear antagonistic peptides has been evaluated and was found to be highly effective as sex pheromone biosynthesis inhibitors. The activity of 11 new amphiphilic analogs has also been evaluated. Unfortunately, due to a problem with the Heliothis moth colony we were unable to select those with pheromonotropic antagonistic activity and further check their bioavailability. Six peptides exhibited some melanotropic antagonistic activity but due to the low inhibitory effect the peptides were not further tested for bioavailability in S. littoralis larvae. Despite the fact that no new antagonistic peptides were discovered in the course of this granting period the results contribute to a better understanding of the interaction of the PK/PBAN family of Nps with their receptors, provided several HT assays for screening of libraries of various origin for presence of PK/PBAN-Ragonists and antagonists and provided important practical information for the further design of new, peptide-based insecticide prototypes aimed at the disruption of key neuroendocrine physiological functions in pest insects.
6
Riveros, Guillermo, Felipe Acosta, Reena Patel, and Wayne Hodo. Computational mechanics of the paddlefish rostrum. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41860.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The rostrum of a paddlefish provides hydrodynamic stability during feeding process in addition to detect the food using receptors that are randomly distributed in the rostrum. The exterior tissue of the rostrum covers the cartilage that surrounds the bones forming interlocking star shaped bones. Design/methodology/approach – The aim of this work is to assess the mechanical behavior of four finite element models varying the type of formulation as follows: linear-reduced integration, linear-full integration, quadratic-reduced integration and quadratic-full integration. Also presented is the load transfer mechanisms of the bone structure of the rostrum. Findings – Conclusions are based on comparison among the four models. There is no significant difference between integration orders for similar type of elements. Quadratic-reduced integration formulation resulted in lower structural stiffness compared with linear formulation as seen by higher displacements and stresses than using linearly formulated elements. It is concluded that second-order elements with reduced integration and can model accurately stress concentrations and distributions without over stiffening their general response. Originality/value – The use of advanced computational mechanics techniques to analyze the complex geometry and components of the paddlefish rostrum provides a viable avenue to gain fundamental understanding of the proper finite element formulation needed to successfully obtain the system behavior and hot spot locations.
7
Bowles, David, Michael Williams, Hope Dodd, Lloyd Morrison, Janice Hinsey, Tyler Cribbs, Gareth Rowell, Michael DeBacker, Jennifer Haack-Gaynor, and Jeffrey Williams. Protocol for monitoring aquatic invertebrates of small streams in the Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network: Version 2.1. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284622.
Full textAbstract:
The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) is a component of the National Park Service’s (NPS) strategy to improve park management through greater reliance on scientific information. The purposes of this program are to design and implement long-term ecological monitoring and provide information for park managers to evaluate the integrity of park ecosystems and better understand ecosystem processes. Concerns over declining surface water quality have led to the development of various monitoring approaches to assess stream water quality. Freshwater streams in network parks are threatened by numerous stressors, most of which originate outside park boundaries. Stream condition and ecosystem health are dependent on processes occurring in the entire watershed as well as riparian and floodplain areas; therefore, they cannot be manipulated independently of this interrelationship. Land use activities—such as timber management, landfills, grazing, confined animal feeding operations, urbanization, stream channelization, removal of riparian vegetation and gravel, and mineral and metals mining—threaten stream quality. Accordingly, the framework for this aquatic monitoring is directed towards maintaining the ecological integrity of the streams in those parks. Invertebrates are an important tool for understanding and detecting changes in ecosystem integrity, and they can be used to reflect cumulative impacts that cannot otherwise be detected through traditional water quality monitoring. The broad diversity of invertebrate species occurring in aquatic systems similarly demonstrates a broad range of responses to different environmental stressors. Benthic invertebrates are sensitive to the wide variety of impacts that influence Ozark streams. Benthic invertebrate community structure can be quantified to reflect stream integrity in several ways, including the absence of pollution sensitive taxa, dominance by a particular taxon combined with low overall taxa richness, or appreciable shifts in community composition relative to reference condition. Furthermore, changes in the diversity and community structure of benthic invertebrates are relatively simple to communicate to resource managers and the public. To assess the natural and anthropo-genic processes influencing invertebrate communities, this protocol has been designed to incorporate the spatial relationship of benthic invertebrates with their local habitat including substrate size and embeddedness, and water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity). Rigid quality control and quality assurance are used to ensure maximum data integrity. Detailed standard operating procedures (SOPs) and supporting information are associated with this protocol.
8
Gothilf, Yoav, Roger Cone, Berta Levavi-Sivan, and Sheenan Harpaz. Genetic manipulations of MC4R for increased growth and feed efficiency in fish. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7600043.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The hypothalamic melanocortin system plays a central role in the regulation of food consumption and energy homeostasis in mammals. Accordingly, our working hypothesis in this project was that genetic editing of the mc4r gene, encoding Melanocortin Receptor 4 (MC4R), will enhance food consumption, feed efficiency and growth in fish. To test this hypothesis and to assess the utility of mc4r editing for the enhancement of feed efficiency and growth in fish, the following objectives were set: Test the effect of the mc4r-null allele on feeding behavior, growth, metabolism and survival in zebrafish. Generate mc4r-null alleles in tilapia and examine the consequences for growth and survival, feed efficiency and body composition. Generate and examine the effect of naturally-occurring mc4r alleles found in swordfish on feeding behavior, growth and survival in zebrafish. Define the MC4R-mediated and MC4R-independent effects of AgRP by crossing mc4r- null strains with fish lacking AgRP neurons or the agrpgene. Our results in zebrafish did not support our hypothesis. While knockout of the agrpgene or genetic ablation of hypothalamic AgRP neurons led to reduced food intake in zebrafish larvae, knockout (KO) of the mc4r gene not only did not increase the rate of food intake but even reduced it. Since Melanocortin Receptor 3 (MC3R) has also been proposed to be involved in hypothalamic control of food intake, we also tested the effectofmc3r gene KO. Again, contrary to our hypothesis, the rate of food intake decreased. The next step was to generate a double mutant lucking both functional MC3R and MC4R. Again, the double KO exhibited reduced food intake. Thus, the only manipulation within the melanocortin system that affected food intake in consistent with the expected role of the system was seen in zebrafish larvae upon agrpKO. Interestingly, despite the apparent reduced food intake in the larval stage, these fish grow to be of the same size as wildtype fish at the adult stage. Altogether, it seems that there is a compensatory mechanism that overrides the effect of genetic manipulations of the melanocortin system in zebrafish. Under Aim 3, we introduced the Xna1, XnB1l, and XnB2A mutations from the Xiphophorus MC4R alleles into the zebrafish MC4R gene. We hypothesized that these MC4R mutations would act as dominant negative alleles to increase growth by suppressing endogenous MC4R activity. When we examined the activity of the three mutant alleles, we were unable to document any inhibition of a co-transfected wild type MC4R allele, hence we did not introduce these alleles into zebrafish. Since teleost fish possess two agrpgenes we also tested the effect of KO of the agrp2 gene and ablation of the AgRP2 cells. We found that the AgRP2 system does not affect food consumption but may rather be involved in modulating the stress response. To try to apply genetic editing in farmed fish species we turned to tilapia. Injection of exogenous AgRP in adult tilapia induced significant changes in the expression of pituitary hormones. Genetic editing in tilapia is far more complicated than in zebrafish. Nevertheless, we managed to generate one mutant fish carrying a mutation in mc4r. That individual died before reaching sexual maturity. Thus, our attempt to generate an mc4r-mutant tilapia line was almost successful and indicate out non-obvious capability to generate mutant tilapia.
9
Butler, Walter R., Uzi Moallem, Amichai Arieli, Robert O. Gilbert, and David Sklan. Peripartum dietary supplementation to enhance fertility in high yielding dairy cows. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7587723.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives of the project: To evaluate the effects of a glucogenic supplement during the peripartum transition period on insulin, hepatic triglyceride accumulation, interval to first ovulation, and progesterone profile in dairy cows. To compare benefits of supplemental fats differing in fatty acid composition and fed prepartum on hepatic triglyceride accumulation, interval to first ovulation, progesterone profile, and uterine prostaglandin production in lactating dairy cows. To assess the differential and carry-over effects of glucogenic and fat supplements fed to peripartum dairy cows on steroidogenesis and fatty acids in ovarian follicles. To determine the carry-over effects of peripartum glucogenic or fat supplements on fertility in high producing dairy cows (modified in year 3 to Israel only). Added during year 3 of project: To assess the activity of genes related to hepatic lipid oxidation and gluconeogenesis following dietary supplementation (USA only). Background: High milk yields in dairy cattle are generally associated with poor reproductive performance. Low fertility results from negative energy balance (NEBAL) of early lactation that delays resumption of ovarian cycles and exerts other carryover effects. During NEBAL, ovulation of ovarian follicles is compromised by low availability of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), but fatty acid mobilization from body stores is augmented. Liver function during NEBAL is linked to the resumption of ovulation and fertility: 1) Accumulation of fatty acids by the liver and ketone production are associated with delayed first ovulation; 2) The liver is the main source of IGF-I. NEBAL will continue as a consequence of high milk yield, but dietary supplements are currently available to circumvent the effects on liver function. For this project, supplementation was begun prepartum prior to NEBAL in an effort to reduce detrimental effects on liver and ovarian function. Fats either high or low in unsaturated fatty acids were compared for their ability to reduce liver triglyceride accumulation. Secondarily, feeding specific fats during a period of high lipid turnover caused by NEBAL provides a novel approach for manipulating phospholipid pools in tissues including ovary and uterus. Increased insulin from propylene glycol (glucogenic) was anticipated to reduce lipolysis and increase IGF-I. The same supplements were utilized in both the USA and Israel, to compare effects across different diets and environments. Conclusions: High milk production and very good postpartum health was achieved by dietary supplementation. Peripartum PGLY supplementation had no significant effects on reproductive variables. Prepartum fat supplementation either did not improve metabolic profile and ovarian and uterine responses in early lactation (USA) or decreased intake when added to dry cow diets (Israel). Steroid production in ovarian follicles was greater in lactating dairy cows receiving supplemental fat (unsaturated), although in a field trail fertility to insemination was not improved.
10
Heinz, Kevin, Itamar Glazer, Moshe Coll, Amanda Chau, and Andrew Chow. Use of multiple biological control agents for control of western flower thrips. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7613875.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is a serious widespread pest of vegetable and ornamental crops worldwide. Chemical control for Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on floriculture or vegetable crops can be difficult because this pest has developed resistance to many insecticides and also tends to hide within flowers, buds, and apical meristems. Predatory bugs, predatory mites, and entomopathogenic nematodes are commercially available in both the US and Israel for control of WFT. Predatory bugs, such as Orius species, can suppress high WFT densities but have limited ability to attack thrips within confined plant parts. Predatory mites can reach more confined habitats than predatory bugs, but kill primarily first-instar larvae of thrips. Entomopathogenic nematodes can directly kill or sterilize most thrips stages, but have limited mobility and are vulnerable to desiccation in certain parts of the crop canopy. However, simultaneous use of two or more agents may provide both effective and cost efficient control of WFT through complimentary predation and/or parasitism. The general goal of our project was to evaluate whether suppression of WFT could be enhanced by inundative or inoculative releases of Orius predators with either predatory mites or entomopathogenic nematodes. Whether pest suppression is best when single or multiple biological control agents are used, is an issue of importance to the practice of biological control. For our investigations in Texas, we used Orius insidiosus(Say), the predatory mite, Amblyseius degeneransBerlese, and the predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii(Athias-Henriot). In Israel, the research focused on Orius laevigatus (Fieber) and the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema felpiae. Our specific objectives were to: (1) quantify the spatial distribution and population growth of WFT and WFT natural enemies on greenhouse roses (Texas) and peppers (Israel), (2) assess interspecific interactions among WFT natural enemies, (3) measure WFT population suppression resulting from single or multiple species releases. Revisions to our project after the first year were: (1) use of A. swirskiiin place of A. degeneransfor the majority of our predatory mite and Orius studies, (2) use of S. felpiaein place of Thripinema nicklewoodi for all of the nematode and Orius studies. We utilized laboratory experiments, greenhouse studies, field trials and mathematical modeling to achieve our objectives. In greenhouse trials, we found that concurrent releases of A.degeneranswith O. insidiosusdid not improve control of F. occidentalis on cut roses over releases of only O. insidiosus. Suppression of WFT by augmentative releases A. swirskiialone was superior to augmentative releases of O. insidiosusalone and similar to concurrent releases of both predator species on cut roses. In laboratory studies, we discovered that O. insidiosusis a generalist predator that ‘switches’ to the most abundant prey and will kill significant numbers of A. swirskiior A. degeneransif WFTbecome relatively less abundant. Our findings indicate that intraguild interactions between Orius and Amblyseius species could hinder suppression of thrips populations and combinations of these natural enemies may not enhance biological control on certain crops. Intraguild interactions between S. felpiaeand O. laevigatus were found to be more complex than those between O. insidiosusand predatory mites. In laboratory studies, we found that S. felpiaecould infect and kill either adult or immature O. laevigatus. Although adult O. laevigatus tended to avoid areas infested by S. felpiaein Petri dish arenas, they did not show preference between healthy WFT and WFT infected with S. felpiaein choice tests. In field cage trials, suppression of WFT on sweet-pepper was similar in treatments with only O. laevigatus or both O. laevigatus and S. felpiae. Distribution and numbers of O. laevigatus on pepper plants also did not differ between cages with or without S. felpiae. Low survivorship of S. felpiaeafter foliar applications to sweet-pepper may explain, in part, the absence of effects in the field trials. Finally, we were interested in how differential predation on different developmental stages of WFT (Orius feeding on WFT nymphs inhabiting foliage and flowers, nematodes that attack prepupae and pupae in the soil) affects community dynamics. To better understand these interactions, we constructed a model based on Lotka-Volterra predator-prey theory and our simulations showed that differential predation, where predators tend to concentrate on one WFT stage contribute to system stability and permanence while predators that tend to mix different WFT stages reduce system stability and permanence.