Journal articles on the topic 'Feeding and feeds'
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Buragohain, Rajat, and Kalidas Upadhyaya. "Economic Feeding of Pigs in Mizoram: A Field Study for Assessment of Nutritional Constraints and Identifying the Useful Local Feed Resources for Economic Feeding." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 13, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2022.2470.
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The study was conducted in the Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Aizawl, Mizoram during 2018-19. The objective of the research was to assess the nutritional constraints of feeding pigs in Mizoram and to put forward some solutions by identifying and utilizing local feed resources for economic feeding. Numbers of unconventional feeds were used for feeding pigs in Mizoram and fourteen among them were identified to be commonly used in day-to-day preparation of home-made cooked feed, which was the composite feed given to all categories of pigs. Constraints of the existing feeding practice were identified as high cost of conventional feeds, low dry matter intake causing deficient energy consumption, poor digestibility of nutrients when home-made cooked feed was fed, high tannin content of unconventional feeds. Except crude protein, apparent digestibility of dry matter, ether extract, crude fibre, nitrogen free extract and organic matter were low under the existing feeding practice. Based on nutrient contents, unconventional local feeds were categorized as protein and energy rich for substitution of conventional ingredients in ration formulation. Few rations with unconventional feeds substituting conventional ones suggested for grower and finisher pigs. Complete feed block of conventional and unconventional feeds was found acceptable to pigs. The study indicated the possibility of economic feeding of pigs by utilizing the local feeds keeping in view their nutritive and anti-nutritive contents and taking into consideration the constraints associated with nutrient intakes under the existing feeding management.
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Chandrashekhar, TS, HS Joshi, VS Binu, PR Shankar, MS Rana, and U. Ramachandran. "Breast-feeding initiation and determinants of exclusive breast-feeding – a questionnaire survey in an urban population of western Nepal." Public Health Nutrition 10, no. 2 (February 2007): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007248475.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess rates of initiation of breast-feeding and exclusive breast-feeding within 2 months after delivery and to determine the factors influencing exclusive breast-feeding.DesignA health worker-administered questionnaire survey was carried out during the time period 1 August–30 September 2005.SettingImmunisation clinics of Pokhara, a submetropolitan city in western Nepal.SubjectsThree hundred and eighty-five mothers who had delivered a child within the previous 2 months.ResultsThe rates of initiation within 1 h and within 24 h of delivery were 72.7 and 84.4%, respectively. Within 2 months after delivery, exclusive breast-feeding was practised by 82.3% of the mothers. Breast milk/colostrum was given as the first feed to 332 (86.2%) babies but 17.2% of them were either given expressed breast milk or were put to the breast of another lactating mother. Pre-lacteal feeds were given to 14% of the babies. The common pre-lacteal feeds given were formula feeds (6.2%), sugar water (5.9%) and cow's milk (2.8%). Complementary feeds were introduced by 12.7% of the mothers. By logistic regression analysis, friends' feeding practices, type of delivery and baby's first feed were the factors influencing exclusive breast-feeding practice of the mothers.ConclusionsDespite the higher rates of initiation and exclusive breast-feeding, practices such as pre-lacteal feeds and premature introduction of complementary feeds are of great concern in this urban population. There is a need for promotion of good breast-feeding practices among expectant mothers and also the community, especially the families, taking into account the local traditions and customs.
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Nikiforov-Nikishin, Dmitry, Nikita Ilyich Kochetkov, Anna Alexandrovna BAKHAREVA, Aleksey Lvovich Nikiforov-Nikishin, and Aleksandr Nikolaevich Nevalennyy. "A rainbow trout feeding behavior assessment (Oncorhynchus mykiss) when introducing a complex feed additive increasing digestibility." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Fishing industry 2023, no. 3 (October 13, 2023): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5529-2023-3-36-46.
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The potential to enhance the nutritional appeal of standard formulated feeds for rainbow trout by incorporating an additive with attractant and/or stimulant properties is demonstrated in the study. To assess the feeding behavior of the fish the evaluation algorithm was developed using a specialized setup with two feeding points, along with automatic video recording of the outcomes. The components within the feed additive (89% rapeseed oil, 4% hemp oil, 5% lycopene, and 2% cinnamyl aldehyde) not only aid in improving its palatability but can also have a positive influence on the fatty acid composition of the feeds. It was revealed that the feed additive (at quantities of 0.3% and 0.5%) significantly augmented the attractiveness of the feeds resulting in an increased number of fish congregating in the feeding area and an elevated consumption rate. The computation of the index of relative attractiveness allowed to identify a noteworthy disparity between the experimental and control feeds. The data obtained from the study can recommend the investigated comprehensive feed additive for enhancing the digestibility of standard fish feeds.
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Chagan, Farida Karim, Sidra Malik Fayyaz, and Iram Saddiqa Aamir. "BREAST FEEDING OUTCOME." Professional Medical Journal 23, no. 06 (June 10, 2016): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.06.1620.
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Objectives: To determine the prevalence of prelacteal feeding among mothers ofPakistan and to find out the various concepts behind this practice and fundamentally to establishthe association of prelacteal feeding with breastfeeding outcomes. Background: In Pakistan,many efforts have been done to emphasize the nutritional importance and adequacy of breastmilk for the newborns. Despite such efforts, it has been witnessed on multiple occasions thatprior to the commencement of breastfeeding, prelacteal feeds are introduced by the mothers totheir young ones. Prelacteal feed (PLF) are food supplements that are given to newborns orally.Design: Qualitative, descriptive, cross sectional Survey. Setting: The Lady Dufferin Hospital(LDH) and Jinnah Medical College hospital (JMCH). Methods: Study includes 400 Mothersincluding young mothers and data was collected with use of a pre-assessed authenticatedquestionnaire. Results: A large group of, both educated and uneducated, mothers knew aboutPLF administration (90.5%). Out of these, 70% mothers routinely give prelacteal feeds, withreadymade ghutti and honey being the most widely used supplements, 19.5% and 37.2%respectively .However their reasons for doing so differed significantly. Family tradition (27.8%)and religious credence (21.8%) are the most popular reasons for practicing prelacteal feeding.The other minor reasons are breast milk insufficiency, prevention of dehydration, hypoglycaemia,preparation of the gastrointestinal tract for digestion and to quench thirst. However, majorityof the subjects were aware of the benefits of breastfeeding and 99% mothers breastfed theirchildren. Conclusions: Regardless of the fact that mothers understand the significance ofbreast milk, most mothers routinely and unnecessarily give prelacteal feeds. Therefore, mothersshould be discouraged for the unsafely administration of prelacteal feeds and re-emphasizedabout the importance and nutritional adequecy of breastfeeding.
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Baran, Murat Sedat, Selçuk Altaçli, Oktay Kaplan, and Suphi Deniz. "The Determination of Nutrient Value, Digestibility and Energy Levels of Compound Feeds Used for Ruminant Nutrition by in Vitro Methods." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 7 (July 23, 2017): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i7.832-835.1226.
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There are small number of tables that show digestibility and energy contents of compound feeds produced by feed factory in different regions of Turkey. Thus, in this paper, four different compound feed types (dairy cattle, beef cattle, calf and lamb growing feeds), totalling 78 compound feeds were analysed to determine their feeding value, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) digestibility and energy content (digestible energy (DE), metabolisable energy (ME) and net energy for lactation (NEL). As a result of this study, the crude fiber (CF) levels were higher than standard values in calf and lamb compound feeds and beef cattle compound feeds; however, in the dairy cattle and calf and lamb compound feeds, the crude protein (CP) values were lower than standard values. These findings are considered highly important for the region’s animal feeding. According to our results, the compound feeds for dairy cattle and lamb being used for ruminant nutrition in Diyarbakir Province of Turkey were found to have low nutrient qualities; however, in the calf feed both the metabolisable energy level and nutrient quantities were low.
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Chapple, D. G., K. P. A. Wheeler, and G. Perrott. "Evaluation of sugar beet feeds and maize distiller's dark grains as supplements for pregnant ewes fed straw-based diets." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200597543.
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The feeding of lowland sheep on straw-based systems during pregnancy was developed at ADAS Rosemaund during the last decade (Davies and Chappie 1995). Results showed that ewe and lamb performance were satisfactory, providing adequate compound supplementation was fed. Whole barley and soya bean meal has been the standard ration, but feeds based on high protein molassed sugar beet feed (Probeet Trident Feed) and maize distiller's dark grains could improve palatability and be easier to feed. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects on ewe and lamb performance of feeding sugar beet feeds and maize distiller's dark grains to pregnant ewes on a straw-based feeding system.
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Chapple, D. G., K. P. A. Wheeler, and G. Perrott. "Evaluation of sugar beet feeds and maize distiller's dark grains as supplements for pregnant ewes fed straw-based diets." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600033158.
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The feeding of lowland sheep on straw-based systems during pregnancy was developed at ADAS Rosemaund during the last decade (Davies and Chappie 1995). Results showed that ewe and lamb performance were satisfactory, providing adequate compound supplementation was fed. Whole barley and soya bean meal has been the standard ration, but feeds based on high protein molassed sugar beet feed (Probeet Trident Feed) and maize distiller's dark grains could improve palatability and be easier to feed. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects on ewe and lamb performance of feeding sugar beet feeds and maize distiller's dark grains to pregnant ewes on a straw-based feeding system.
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Huff, A. N., T. N. Meacham, and M. L. Wahlberg. "Feeds and feeding: A review." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 5, no. 2 (January 1985): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0737-0806(85)80056-3.
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Jackson, Dorothy A., Stella M. Imong, A. Silprasert, S. Ruckphaopunt, M. W. Woolridge, J. D. Baum, and K. Amatayakul. "Circadian variation in fat concentration of breast-milk in a rural northern Thai population." British Journal of Nutrition 59, no. 3 (May 1988): 349–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19880044.
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1. Twenty-five northern Thai mothers, breast-feeding their infants on demand, were studied in their homes for 24 h. All breast-feeds were test-weighed and pre- and post-feed expressed breast-milk samples (0·5 ml) taken at each feed.2. The fat concentration of milk taken during a feed showed significant circadian variation, with maximum values between 16.00 and 20.00 hours and minimum values between 04.00 and 08.00 hours. Fat concentration at the start and at the end of a feed also varied significantly over 24 h.3. Multiple regression analysis showed that the most important predictor of fat concentration at a feed was the length of time elapsed since the previous feed – the longer this interval, the lower the subsequent fat concentration. Other significant predictors were the fat concentration at the end of the previous feed, and the milk intake at the previous and at the current feed.4. Fat concentration declined between feeds in proportion to the length of time between feeds, but the decline was less between sleep feeds than between waking feeds. This would appear to be a reflection of the lower post-feed fat concentration and higher pre-feed fat concentration of sleep feeds compared with waking feeds, when other variables relating to feeding pattern are taken into account.5. The larger the milk intake at a feed, the greater was the increase in fat concentration from the start to the end of the feed. The change in fat concentration was less in feeds taking place during the sleep period than in daytime feeds.
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Afrizal, Wandi, Amri Amri, Abdullah Munzir, and Harfiandri Damanhuri. "Feed Efficiency and Growth of Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vaname) with Commercial Feeding." International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies 38, no. 1 (April 17, 2023): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v38.1.5217.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of different commercial feeds on the growth and survival of Vannamei shrimp. The research was conducted in March to June 2022 at the Marine and Brackish Water Cultivation Fisheries Center, IV Jurai District, Pesisir Selatan District, West Sumatra Province. The research method used was an experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments to be carried out in this study were: Feed A: Feeding with brand X = 100%; Feed B: Feeding with brand Y; Feed C: Feeding with brand Z. The parameters observed in this study were fish survival, absolute length growth, absolute weight and specific growth rates. The data obtained will be analyzed using analysis of variance to see the effect of treatment on test parameters. Based on the results of the analysis of variance showed that feeding with different commercial feeds had a significant effect on absolute weight and specific growth rate of vanname shrimp (P<0.05). However, different commercial feeds had a significant effect on absolute length (P>0.05).
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Erdélyi, István, Péter Bársony, Tamás Pálfy, Istvánné Hermán, and Tamás Pálfy. "Heat treated feeds in turkey feeding." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 26 (July 16, 2007): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/26/3047.
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The main aim of our study was to determine the effect of expanded and pelleted feeds, as well as the only pelleted feed based on wheat and corn, on the production of turkeys. In May 2006,, a fattening experiment on turkeys was started on the starter farm of Habar Ltd in Szarvas, owned by the Gallicoop Corporation. 17 day old male turkeys were involved in the fattening experiment. The experiment lasted 117 days. At that time, theanimals were 134 days old. After the experiment was completed, they were slaughtered. The following parameters were examined: growth, feed conversion ratio, carcass traits. Turkey feed were produced separately at different times. Similarly to the standard method of turkey fattening, 8 phases feeding was carried out. The fattening experiment was adjusted on male turkeys in 4×12×6 grouping (4 treatments: expanded and pelleted, and only pelleted corn and wheat feed; 12 repeats: number of pens/treatments; 6 birds/pen) 6-6 turkeys from 12 pens per each treatments were measured individually from the 17th day (starter) and at the time of each following feeding changes and mortality. The average of the group was calculated. The average daily weight gain, proportion of the given feed per pen, feeding changes and mortality were determined. The average daily feed intake and the feed conversion ratio were calculated.
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Krishnegowda, Sushma, Prajwala Hassan Vasudev, Srinivasa Murthy Doreswamy, S. Veena, and M. Hemavathi. "A Study of Variation in the Tube Feeding Rate by Nurses in a Tertiary NICU." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 36, no. 3 (April 16, 2017): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v36i3.16136.
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Introduction: 50-60% of the low birth weight babies in a neonatal unit are on gravity feed via gavage tube as they often are not strong enough to sustain on oral feeds. Successful feeding depends on nursing skill and individual variation can be expected. As with many other nursing practices in NICU, considerable variation can be expected in gravity feeding rate as well. The objective was to determine the intra individual and inter individual variation in the rate of gravity feeding among the nurses.Material and Methods: This was a Prospective study done in a Tertiary Neonatal care unit. Babies weighing < 2 kgon enteral feeds were included in study. The nurses carried out feeding in the standard prescribed manner. Time taken for feeds was noted.Results: 21 nurses participated in the study. 15 babies were included and there were 342 feed events. During 75(22%) feeding events, the nurses had an assignment of less than four babies. During rest of the 267 (78%) feeding events, they had more than four babies assigned for care. The median volume of feed was 14 ml and median duration was 8 minutes. Feeding rate variation within same nurse varied from one to 37.5 times their base line rate and in between the nurses varied by minimum of 17 times.Conclusion: A wide intra and interpersonal variation among the nurses, with respect to the rate of feeding of newborns was observed in our study.
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Naorbe, Marissa. "Biological performance of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fingerlings fed with raw chicken entrails." Palawan Scientist 13, no. 2 (December 24, 2021): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.69721/tps.j.2021.13.2.02.
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The African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) grows fast, feeds on a large variety of agriculture by-products and can be raised in high densities resulting in high net yields. It is therefore considered as a good candidate for aquaculture. Generally, the increasing aquaculture activities worldwide led to a more expensive feed costs, thus looking for alternative and cheaper feeds coupled with optimum feeding rate is a focus in aquaculture research field. This study therefore aimed to determine the most efficient feeding rate and the potential of raw chicken entrails as feeds for C. gariepinus in terms of fish weight increment (WI), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and survival rate (SR). Clarias gariepinus were fed with chopped raw chicken entrails at three different feeding rates (3%, 4% and 5%) based on the average weight for 60 days. The fish weight continually increased regardless of the feeding rate, but generally, those that were fed at 4% and 5% of the body weight showed significantly higher WG (g), SGR (% day-1) and better FCR. Regardless of the feeding rate, all fish attained 100% SR. The feeding rate of 4% is recommended due to its similar WI with those fed at 5% but showed better FCR at the end of the culture.
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Akindolire, Abimbola, Alison Talbert, Ian Sinha, Nicholas Embleton, and Stephen Allen. "Evidence that informs feeding practices in very low birthweight and very preterm infants in sub-Saharan Africa: an overview of systematic reviews." BMJ Paediatrics Open 4, no. 1 (August 2020): e000724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000724.
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BackgroundOptimal feeding of very low birthweight (VLBW <1500 g)/very preterm (gestation <32 weeks) infants in resource-limited settings in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA) is critical to reducing high mortality and poor outcomes.ObjectiveTo review evidence on feeding of VLBW/very preterm infants relevant to sSA.MethodsWe searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, PubMed and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) from inception to July 2019 to identify reviews of randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials of feeding VLBW/very preterm infants. We focused on interventions that are readily available in sSA. Primary outcomes were weight gain during hospital stay and time to achieve full enteral feeds (120 mL/kg/day). Secondary outcomes were growth, common morbidities, mortality, duration of hospital stay and cognitive development. Quality of evidence (QOE) was assessed using the Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR2).ResultsEight systematic reviews were included. Higher feed volume of day 1 (80 mL/kg) reduced late-onset sepsis and time to full enteral feeds, and higher feed volume (up to 300 mL/kg/day) improved weight gain without adverse events (QOE: low–moderate). Rapid advancement of feeds (30–40 mL/kg/day) was not associated with harm. Breast milk fortification with energy and protein increased growth and with prebiotics increased growth and reduced duration of admission (QOE: low–very low) and did not result in harm. Evidence regarding feeding tube placement and continuous versus bolus feeds was insufficient to draw conclusions. We found no reviews meeting our selection criteria regarding when to start feeds, use of preterm formula, cup-and-spoon feeding or gravity versus push feeds and none of the reviews included trials from low-income countries of sSA.ConclusionsThe evidence base informing feeding of VLBW/very preterm babies in resource-limited settings in sSA is extremely limited. Pragmatic studies are needed to generate evidence to guide management and improve outcomes for these highly vulnerable infants.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019140204.
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Vincent, Isobel C., J. Thompson, and R. Hill. "The effects on feed intake in weaned calves of low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal as the sole protein supplement." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1990 (March 1990): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600019218.
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Concentrate feed with high-glucosinolate rapeseed meal (BRSM) as the sole protein supplement was eaten less readily by weaned calves than a similar feed based on soyabean meal (Stedman et al, 1983), and this was so whether intake was measured during continuous ad libitum feeding, or for short periods, 0.5 h, after twice-daily feeding with changes of feed each day. In these and other experiments with calves (Stedman and Hill, 1987), concentrate feeds based on low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal were eaten more readily than those based on high-glucosinolate meal, but intake of the low-glucosinolate feeds rarely matched that of the corresponding feed containing soyabean meal.
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Mammaev, Magomed Ashurbegovich, Nuhkadi Ibragimovich Rabazanov, Magomed Kurbanovich Mirzakhanov, Salimat Alilovna Chalaeva, Patima Kadievna Mammayeva, and Aminat Bakhtiyarovna Shakhnazarova. "Growing sterlet fingerlings (Asirepseg ruthenus L.) and their albinos in a closed-loop water supply system using feed of different nutritional values." Rybovodstvo i rybnoe hozjajstvo (Fish Breeding and Fisheries), no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-09-2103-06.
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When growing fish in conditions of intensive technologies for normal growth and development, the main task is to provide them with a balanced full-fledged food. Currently, the most widely used in industrial fish farming are granulated mixed feeds of various formulations that fully meet the needs of the farmed fish. The objects of the study were the same-age sterlet fingerlings of ordinary color with an initial weight of 112–132 g and albino sterlet fingerlings weighing 99–105 g. We used mixed feeds from two manufacturers Aquarex (Russia) and Le Gouessant, which differ in fat content. Manual feeding. The temperature range is 21–23 °C. When feeding young sterlets of the usual color with the Aquarex compound feed, the average daily increase was 1.93 g, and when feeding with the Le Gouessant compound feed — 2.76 g, which is 43.0 % more. Albinos, on the contrary, had higher rates when fed with Aquarex compound feed — the average daily increase was 2.77 g, and on Le Gouessant compound feed — 2.13 g, which is 30.0 % lower. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that the highest fish-breeding and biological indicators were achieved by sterlet fingerlings of the usual color when feeding them with Le Gouessant compound feed, and albino sterlets-when using Aquarex feed with a higher fat content. This indicates that for the successful cultivation of albino sterlets, mixed feeds with a fat:protein ratio of 1:2.5 should be used, and sterlets of ordinary color — 1:4.3, which should be taken into account when selecting mixed feeds, or making a diet.
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Ramachandra, Pradeep Musale, and Nayana Davanagere Hiremath. "Study of knowledge and attitude towards breastfeeding in antenatal mothers at Chamarajanagara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chamarajanagar, India." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 7 (June 29, 2019): 2687. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193025.
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Background: exclusive breast feeding practice is major pillar in preventing infant mortality. This study was undertaken to know the knowledge and attitude of antenatal mothers towards breast feeding.Methods: this is a cross sectional study in our hospital in which 264 antenatal mothers were included after verbal consent. Antenatal mothers were explained about the study, their knowledge and attitude regarding breast feeding is assessed by questionnaire. Study will be analysed by appropriate statistical analysis.Results: In total of 264 antenatal mothers, most of them were between 20-25 years, majority in third trimester. Among them 68.2% knows breast feeding should be initiated within first hour of delivery, 90.2% is for no prelacteal feeds and 95.8% wants to feed colostrum. Only 42.4% wants to continue breastfeeding for two years. About 62.9% of antenatal mothers wants to supplement the child with food after six months.81.8% knows breast feeding is not only helpful to the baby but also it prevents breast cancer in mother later in life. 21.2% wants to feed complimentary feeds as early as 3 months.Conclusions: our study on knowledge of breast feeding among antenatal mothers shown most of them are against prelacteal feeds and wants to feed colostrums, but initiation of breast feeding within first hour of birth and weaning after six months and continuation of breast milk up to two years is lagging. Multiple educational sessions, visual aids, pamphlets, electronic media, counseling during antenatal period and in early post natal period is necessary to inculcate appropriate knowledge on breast feeding.
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Solomon, Shola Gabriel, Lateef Oloyede Tiamiyu, Victor Tosin Okomoda, and Kamwan Adaga. "Effects of storage conditions on quality characteristics of commercial aquafeeds and growth of African catfish Clarias gariepinus." Croatian Journal of Fisheries 74, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjf-2016-0006.
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Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effect of storage conditions on the quality of feed and the aftermath effect of feeding fish with such feeds. Three commercial diets used for this study included Coppens®, Multifeed® and Vital feed®. Feed was stored either by opening the bag to the atmosphere (WO), the bag opened with neck tied using a rubber ring to prevent exposure to the atmosphere (OT) or sealed (SC) until the start of the feeding trials. The feed was stored under these conditions for six months. Nutrient analyses revealed significant changes in feeds held under the WO condition when compared with other storage conditions. Nutritive changes also varied with commercial feed type. Mould infestation of the feed was noticeable more in the WO condition of storage compared to the SC condition. After feeding C. gariepinus for fifty-six days, lesions were observed on fish fed mouldy feed held under the WO condition, which led to mass mortalities. Growth performance was higher in all fish fed SC stored feed, and for those fed Coppens® and Multifeed® under OT storage conditions. It is advised that storage of fish feeds up to six months should be undertaken with considerable care and attention.
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Liermann, Wendy, Mandy Bochnia, Andreas Berk, Verena Böschen, Liane Hüther, Annette Zeyner, and Sven Dänicke. "Effects of Feed Particle Size and Hydro-Thermal Processing Methods on Starch Modification, Nutrient Digestibility and the Performance and the Gastrointestinal Tract of Broilers." Animals 9, no. 6 (May 30, 2019): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9060294.
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Influences of feed particle size (coarse, fine) and hydro-thermal processing methods (HTPM) (without–non-compacted feed, pelleting, expanding and pelleting) on feeding value and the performance and digestive tract of 624 broilers were studied. HTPM increased the starch disintegration of feed. Starch disintegration and electron microscopy indicated the highest degree of starch modification in expanded and pelleted feed. HTPM affected ether extract digestibility (p < 0.05). A grinding-by-HTPM interaction was found in case of crude protein digestibility (p = 0.008). Non-compacted feed reduced daily feed intake (DFI) and body weight gain and increased the feed to gain ratio compared to compacted feeds (p < 0.001). Compacted feeds increased proventricular size and the risk of Isthmus gastrici dilatation compared to coarsely ground non-compacted feed, except for finely ground expanded and pelleted feed. Finely ground feed reduced proventricular weights compared to coarsely ground feed and pelleted feed compared to other feeds. Non-compacted feed increased gizzard weights compared to compacted feeds. Relationships between proventricular size and Isthmus gastrici dilatation and the DFI were detected. Summarizing, the beneficial effects of pelleted feed were mainly based on the reduction of feed wastage and selection. However, the high DFI caused by pellet feeding is also a main risk factor for proventricular dilatation.
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Mikhaylova, L. R., A. Yu Lavrentiev, and V. S. Sherne. "Rye containing compound feeds in the diet of bulls on rearing." Agrarian science, no. 6 (July 28, 2022): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2022-360-6-37-42.
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Relevance. Rye occupies a special place among cereals as components of compound feeds. Rye, unsuitable for food purposes, but quite suitable for feeding farm animals, can be used for the production of compound feeds.Methods. To solve the problems, 4 groups of gobies were formed for rearing and 4 recipes of compound feed concentrates with different rye input rates were developed (0, 20, 30, 40%). The duration of the experiment was 135 days. To find out the effect of the compound feed composition on feed consumption, daily group feeding accounting was carried out. Experimental animals were weighed every 30 days, that is, monthly. To identify the effect of the tested grain (rye) consumption of the basic balanced diet, records were kept on the account of the feed consumed and their residues the next day. During the entire scientific and economic experience, feedabilitywas recorded.Results. Studies have shown that compound feeds prepared according to the developed recipes allow balancing the feeding of experimental bulls that will be raised to produce beef according to the detailed feeding standards available today, with a relatively low specific gravity of concentrated feeds. The inclusion of 20 to 40% rye in the composition of compound feeds does not reduce the balance of the diet of animals in the experiment. The gross increase in live weight and the increase per day in the experimental bulls of the first three groups did not differ significantly. Animals from group IV, which were fed compound feed with 40% rye, were inferior to control animals by 5.6 kg in total growth, in an average daily increase — by43 g. 5.87–6.03 ECU was spent per unit of live weight gain (1 kg).
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Radchikov, V. F., V. P. Tsai, V. K. Gurin, and V. A. Lyundishev. "ORGANIC TRACE ELEMENT COMPLEX FOR CALVES FEEDING." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 18, no. 3(71) (October 13, 2016): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7152.
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Trace elements are commonly used in the form of inorganic salts poorly digested by ruminants due rumen microflora, which transits its greater part into indigestible and insoluble form. Trace elements in the form of chelates are supplied with amino acids and peptides, and used by the body much more efficiently. Inclusion of organic trace element complex (OMEK) in compound feed KR–1 in the amount of 10% of the existing standards for trace elements content in typical formulations for growing young cattle for meat has a positive impact on palatability of feeds, morphological and biochemical composition of blood and animals’ performance, economic efficiency of calves fattening. Use of organic trace element complex in compound feeds KR–1 increases concentration of total protein in blood by 8 – 12% (P < 0.05), reduces the amount of urea by 11 – 16% (P < 0.05). Comparative analysis showed that animals in experimental group II used the feeds more efficiently. Metabolizable energy consumption per 1 kg of weight gain made 33.7 MJ against 37.4 MJ in the control group or by 9.9% lower, the same trend is established for digestible protein cost – by 10%. Inclusion of OMEK in compound feed KR–1 for young cattle ensures average daily weight gain increase by 12.3% (P < 0.05), decreased of feed cost per 1 kg of weight gain by 10%. Use of organic trace element complex helps to decrease the cost price of weight gain, by 9.0% and obtain extra profit of $37.2 USD per one animal during the experimental period.
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KHAINOVSKY, A. V., L. V. SYCHEVA, and J. A. PEREVOYKO. "FATTENING OF YOUNG PIGS USING PREMIXES. PREMIXES IN COMPOUND FEED - THE LOWEST COST OF FEED PER UNIT OF PRODUCTION." PIG-BREEDING, no. 5 (2022): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37925/0039-713x-2022-5-21-23.
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The article presents the results of research on the use of premixes in feeding young pigs on fattening. It was found that the inclusion of premixes of KPLE (9892) and PC-55-6, in the recipes of compound feeds allowed to obtain high fattening and meat productivity. The highest average daily increase in live weight of 822.6 g with the lowest feed costs of 3.4 EKE was obtained when feeding compound feeds with the inclusion of the premix of KPLE (9892).
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O'Mara, Keliana L., Saleem Islam, Janice A. Taylor, Daniel Solomon, and Michael D. Weiss. "Gabapentin Improves Oral Feeding in Neurologically Intact Infants With Abdominal Disorders." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-23.1.59.
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Feeding intolerance, poor oral feeding skills, and retching are common symptoms seen in medically complex infants with a history of abdominal disorders and surgical interventions, such as gastrostomy tube placement and Nissen fundoplication. Visceral hyperalgesia may play a role in the underlying pathophysiology. We report the use of orally administered gabapentin in 3 infants with presumed visceral hyperalgesia presenting as poor tolerance of enteral and oral feeds. Retching and outward discomfort associated with feeds was resolved within 2 to 3 days of initiation of therapy. Full oral feeds were obtained in all 3 patients within 3 to 4 months of starting gabapentin without changing adjunctive medications or therapies. After attainment of full oral feeds, all patients were successfully weaned off gabapentin over a month, with no notable side effects, signs of withdrawal, or impact on ability to feed by mouth.
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Isenalumhe, Anthony E., and Osawaru Oviawe. "Prelacteal feeds and breast-feeding problems." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 54, no. 1 (January 1987): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02751246.
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Cropper, M., M. Lloyd, G. C. Emmans, and C. E. Hinks. "Choice feeding as a method of determining lamb nutrient requirements and growth potential." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1986 (March 1986): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600015816.
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The experiment described here was designed to test the proposition that lambs, given access to two feeds, as a choice, one abundant in crude protein (CP), the other deficient, can both select a diet which supports their potential growth rate and which avoids excesses of protein intake.Twenty four Suffolk x Greyface wether and females, at a mean liveweight of 20.2 kg (s.e. 0.6) were individually housed and their feed intake and liveweight recorded weekly.The four pelleted feeds used were highly digestible and had estimated energy yields of 10.5 MJ ME/kg freshweight. The basal feed (A) was made from equal parts barley and sugar beet pulp plus a vitamin/mineral mix. It contained 91 g CP/kg FW. Feed D was made by substituting fishmeal for the barley in feed A such that it contained 383g CP/kg. Feed B contained one third D and two thirds A and contained 182g CP/kg. Féed C contained two thirds D and one third A, giving a CP content of 266g CP/kg. Thus each of the four feeds A, B, C and D could be described in terms of either the proportion of feed A or the crude protein which it contained.Four lambs were offered feed A alone, and four lambs received feed B only. Twelve of the lambs were given ad 1ibitum access to both the basal feed A and one of the three other feeds B, C and D, for ten weeks. Four lambs were offered a choice between feed B and feed D for four weeks.
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Huque, KS, and NR Sarker. "Feeds and feeding of livestock in Bangladesh: performance, constraints and options forward." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 43, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i1.19378.
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Fibrous feeds mostly of crop residues, green grasses, and tree foliages and leaves support bulk diets of farm animals being raised mostly by smallholders. The roughage DM produced (51056 million kg) surpasses its demand (49200 million Kg) by 3.77%, but losses and otherwise uses result in production deficit of 44.5%. An average 56.2% deficit of roughage DM and 80.0% of concentrate DM results in a very poor plane of nutrition for farm animals. It supports an average diet containing 6.75 MJME/Kg DM and 1.63% DCP with the feed produced or 7.74 MJME/Kg DM and 2.32% DCP with the feed available, while a miserly calculation demands an average diet of at least 6.50 MJME/ Kg DM and 4.50% DCP. Brans and oilcakes sharing the bulk amount of concentrate feeds, except cereal maize being produced recently, often limit options for formulation of diets of higher metabolizability and quality protein including balancing of micronutrients essential for supporting nutritional planes for high yielding animals. Annual biomass demand and supply mismatch, harvest loss, bulk transfer problem, and otherwise uses of fibrous residues further limit feed supply to animals irrespective of their quality. Commercial poultry, on the other hand, is largely based on imported feeds except a part of corn. Different form of premixes, steroids, antibiotics and enzymes with or without knowing their quality and residual impacts on human health also used for poultry and bovine animals posing threats to food safety sometimes. The present poor plane of nutrition is not conducive to support an increased production of local or crossbred animals. Diversification and production of quality feeds and fodders, synchronization of feed production and availability to animals, strengthening feed milling capacity, conservation and improvement of new pasturage systems, mitigation of climate change impacts and domestic protection to feed safety and quality feed import are some of the options forward to increased supply of feeds and fodders help increased production and productivity of farm animals in the country.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i1.19378 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (1): 1-10
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Zelennikov, Oleg, and Maxim Myakishev. "THE COMPANY «AQUATEX» IS A NEW LEADER IN PRODUCTION OF STARTED FEEDS FOR JUVENILE PACIFIC SALMON." Fisheries 2023, no. 2 (April 13, 2023): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37663/0131-6184-2023-2-91-95.
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We analyzed the feeding efficiency of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), chum salmon (O. keta), masu salmon (O. masu) and coho salmon (O. kisutch) juveniles at the federal fish hatcheries of Sakhalin during seven fish breeding cycles using starter feeds from «Aller Aqua» (Denmark) and «Aquatech» (Russia). It was established that the feed coefficient when using Russian-made feed was lower at all enterprises and when growing juveniles of each salmon species. In addition to the quality of the feed itself, this may be due to the combined effect of two factors, firstly, with the use of special feeds with biologically active additives to stimulate immunity at the initial stages of feeding, and secondly, with the presentation of feeds in two flotation options «conditionally floating» or slowly sinking and «floating» or floating, as well as the selection by experience for each enterprise of the most suitable option.
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ZOIOPOULOS (Π. ΖΩΪΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ), P. "The applications of biotechnology in animal feeding: A critical overview." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 55, no. 2 (December 6, 2017): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15186.
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An effort is made in this article to present the applications of biotechnology as regards the improvement of nutritive value and the development of novel feeds as well as the production of various types of feed additives. With respect to raw materials, quality upgrading by bio technological means has been attempted through lignocellulose breakdown or protein enrichment. In addition, reference is made to bioproteins and feeds derived from transgenic plants, particularly those resistant to herbicides. In turn, reference is made to aminoacids as products of industrial fermentation. Furthermore, various feed additives, products of biotechnology, such as enzymes, antibiotics, probiotics, but also means for depression of methanogenesis in the forestomachs of ruminants, as well as silage agents, like inoculants and enzymes, are commented upon. In certain cases, reference is made to the issue of efficacy of biotechnology products when used in animal nutrition and the subject of feed safety. Finally, because of the need for licensing these products in order to be circulated, reference is made to the provisions of Community legislation governing the marketing of feeds. The article concludes with some thoughts on the future of the sector of application of biotechnology in the case of animal nutrition.
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Boudalia, Sofiane, Samir Smeti, Mahilet Dawit, Ewonetu Kebede Senbeta, Yassine Gueroui, Vassilios Dotas, Aissam Bousbia, and George K. Symeon. "Alternative Approaches to Feeding Small Ruminants and Their Potential Benefits." Animals 14, no. 6 (March 14, 2024): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14060904.
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Small ruminants, such as sheep (Ovisaries) and goats (Capra hircus), contribute to approximately 475 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2e) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, accounting for approximately 6.5% of the global emissions in the agriculture sector. Crop residues, silage, grasses, hay, browse, plant leaves, shrubs, agro-industrial by-products, poultry litter, and other alternative feed sources are frequently utilized for small ruminant production. The use of these valuable alternative feeds can significantly improve animal productivity and reduce carbon footprints and GHG fluxes, making it both environmentally friendly and cost-effective. Additionally, these alternative feeds possess antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiseptic properties that can enhance the quality of the meat and milk produced. By impacting the bacteria involved in ruminal biohydrogenation, alternative feeds can reduce methane emissions and contribute to a decrease in the carbon footprint. Overall, the use of alternative feed sources for small ruminants generally improves their apparent nutrient digestibility and productivity, and has an impact on the production of greenhouse gases, especially methane. Finally, this review recommends evaluating the economic analysis of reducing methane emissions in small ruminants by utilizing different feed sources and feeding techniques.
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Zelennikov, O. V., and M. S. Myakishev. "To the question of the efficiency young pacific salmon at fish farms of the Sakhalin region." Izvestiya TINRO 202, no. 1 (April 9, 2022): 208–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2022-202-208-224.
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Effectiveness of the salmon juveniles feeding was examined during six cycles of fish breeding for pink salmon Oncorhynhus gorbuscha, chum salmon O. keta, cherry salmon O. masou, and coho salmon O. kisutsh at 12 fish hatcheries belonged to the Sakhalin branch of FBSI Glavrybvod with using of different starter feeds produced by Aller Aqua (Denmark) and Aquatech (Russia). All hatcheries worked in the coldwater regime of rearing. Both feeds were rather effective for all species that was evidenced by low feeding coefficients, usually 0.6–0.8. Anyway, average value of the feeding coefficient was lower for the starter feed Aquatech at all factories. Beyond a high quality of this feed, its availability in two variants of flotation was important, as the slowly sinking and floating forms. The floating food was found to be more suitable for the growing juvenile pink salmon at all farms. On the other hand, both starter feeds were suitable for chum salmon, their priority for this species depended on fish farm and obviously was determined by combination of many factors, such as temperature conditions, configuration of canals and ponds, their hydrodynamics, feed dispensers, etc.
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Shenoi, Arvind, and V. S. V. Prasad. "Research issues in low birth weight feeding." Journal of Neonatology 23, no. 4 (December 2009): 291–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097321790902300404.
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Survival of premature and low birth weight infants has markedly improved during the last few decades. Nutrition is believed to play a fundamental role in optimizing the growth and development of these infants both during their period of hospital stay and post discharge. Feeding of low birth weight babies is a very challenging issue as trials dealing with various aspects are lacking. There is need for information on the choice of milk for a preterm in hospital and post discharge, fortification, dilemmas regarding when to initiate feeds, progression and frequency of feeds and lastly management of feed intolerance. The purpose of this review is to highlight the paucity of evidence in certain areas of LBW feeding and suggest important areas of future research.
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Boymatov, O. S., and D. Kholmirzayev. "STORAGE AND FEEDING OF BREEDED STALLIONS." American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume06issue01-04.
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Jayarama, Srividya, and Radha Ramaiah. "Pre lacteal feeding practice among mothers in a rural area of Karnataka: a cross sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 8 (July 22, 2017): 2919. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173346.
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Background: In many countries across the world, the practice of giving new born babies other substances (pre lacteal feeding) even before lactation is a common cultural practice. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of pre lacteal feeding practice among mothers and to identify the factors leading to pre lacteal feeding.Methods: A community based, cross sectional study was conducted among 206 mothers of infants and children younger than 24 months, residing in a rural area of Karnataka. Data regarding pre lacteal feeding practice, type of pre lacteal feed given, reasons for giving pre lacteal feed was collected using a predesigned questionnaire prepared in local language. Institutional ethical committee approval, informed consent from the study participants was taken and anonymity, confidentiality was ensured.Results: Out of 206 study participants, 66 (32.03%) had given pre lacteal feeds to their newborn, while 140 (67.97%) had not given pre lacteal feeds to their newborn. Pre lacteal feeding practice was more among mothers who were illiterates, who belonged to lower socio economic status. This difference in prevalence of pre lacteal feeding practice was found to be statistically significant. Honey, sugar water, religious water, coconut water, jaggery are the different types of pre lacteal feeds given. Customs, insisted by relatives, development of speech, helps in digestion, cleanses digestive system were the reported reasons for giving pre lacteal feeds.Conclusions: Socio demographic factors like education, socio economic status influence pre lacteal feeding practice. Through IEC (Information, education communication) activities awareness regarding ill effects of pre lacteal feeding practice should be created among mothers.
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AO, Onabajo, Awojobi HA, and Apata ES. "Internal and External Egg Qualities of Layers Fed Two Proprietary Feeds Interchangeably." Animal Review 9, no. 1 (November 8, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/92.v9i1.3186.
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Four hundred and eighty, 53 weeks old Isa Brown layers were used for the 8 weeks feeding trial to determine the internal and external egg qualities of layers fed two proprietary feeds (designated Top feed (TF) and Animal Care feed (AC)) in five dynamics and two feeding frequencies. The birds were randomly allocated in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement to five feeding dynamics (D1 TF only; D2 AC feed only; D3 weekly alternation of TF & AC; D4 Alternation of TF & AC every two weeks; D5 Monthly alternation of TF & AC) and two feeding frequencies (Twice & Thrice daily). Data were collected on external and internal egg qualities and analyzed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that both feeding dynamics and feeding frequencies significantly (p<0.05, R2=0.4) contributed to egg length as single factor. However, egg shape index (p=0.002), % yolk (0.00), yolk weight (p=0.004), egg moisture (0.003), egg fat (0.001) and egg carbohydrate (0.001) were influenced by interaction effect of feeding dynamics and feeding frequency. From the findings of this study, alternating brands of feed in the short term (weekly) and feeding laying birds twice daily is recommended.
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Munguti, Jonathan, Hannington Odame, James Kirimi, Kevin Obiero, Erick Ogello, and David Liti. "Fish feeds and feed management practices in the Kenyan aquaculture sector: Challenges and opportunities." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 24, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.024.01.12.
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Abstract Feeds and feed management practices are key to the development of the aquaculture sector. To achieve high levels of aquaculture production, fish farmers need nutritionally adequate and cost-effective feeds, which are coupled with good feed management practices. Access to high quality and cost-effective feeds is one of the prerequisites to successful fish farming. This paper reviews the current status of the Kenyan fish feed industry and feed management practices. The review includes constraints and opportunities in fish feeds from a farmer’s perspective. The review shows that the fish feed industry has been boosted by the development of fish feed standards, which has ensured access to high-quality fish feeds by all farmers. Feed management practices considerably impact on the economic performance in fish production. Thus, adopting appropriate feed management technologies and feeding strategies is instrumental in maximizing aquaculture productivity. Some of the major challenges faced by fish farmers in the feed sector including limited access to finance, lack of appropriate technical innovations, limited knowledge in feed formulation and processing and poor feed handling and storage are discussed. These challenges pose limitation in investment opportunities for a viable and sustainable fish feed processing and manufacturing to meet the rising demand occasioned by increased demand for fish food in Kenya. There is a huge potential to develop public-private partnerships with farmer groups to improve access to training and information dissemination on feeds availability and quality. Training fish farmers on feed formulation using locally available feed ingredients provide an opportunity to reduce feed costs, increase feeding efficiency and improve profitability. This paper reviews the current status of the Kenyan fish feed industry and feed management practices including constraints and opportunities from a farmer’s perspective.
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Chapple, D. G., K. P. A. Wheeler, and S. P. Marsh. "A comparison of feed blocks or compound supplementary feeding systems for twin-bearing ewes during pregnancy and lactation." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1996 (March 1996): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200593715.
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The feeding of ewes in late pregnancy is critically important because this is a period of high foetal growth rate. Feed blocks have been used to replace compound feeds in both hill and upland flocks but there is limited information available on block-feeding to lowland flocks.To evaluate the replacement of trough-feeding with self-help feed blocks, for housed ewes fed good quality grass silage during late pregnancy, and to lactating ewes at grass.
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Chapple, D. G., K. P. A. Wheeler, and S. P. Marsh. "A comparison of feed blocks or compound supplementary feeding systems for twin-bearing ewes during pregnancy and lactation." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1996 (March 1996): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600031421.
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The feeding of ewes in late pregnancy is critically important because this is a period of high foetal growth rate. Feed blocks have been used to replace compound feeds in both hill and upland flocks but there is limited information available on block-feeding to lowland flocks.To evaluate the replacement of trough-feeding with self-help feed blocks, for housed ewes fed good quality grass silage during late pregnancy, and to lactating ewes at grass.
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Blanchard, P. J., P. Toplis, L. Taylor, and H. M. Miller. "Liquid diets fed prior to weaning enhance performance of weaned piglets." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2000 (2000): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200001204.
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Creep feeding enhances weaning weight (King et al., 1998) and may also enhance early post-weaning growth rate, both of which are positively correlated to subsequent performance (Miller et al., 1999). When preweaning feeds are offered, current practice in the UK is to feed either dry feed from day 14 to weaning or acidified milk replacer from days 3 to 18. Intakes of dry feed pre-weaning are generally low whereas liquid feeds are consumed more readily. Our objectives were 1) to offer creep feed as a gruel to test whether this would enhance intake of creep and provide an alternative to milk replacer, and 2) to provide all three forms of supplementary feeding together to determine whether this further increased performance. Piglets receiving no supplementary pre-weaning feed were the negative control.
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B. D., Manjunath, and Abhishek G. "Early versus delayed enteral feeding in acute pancreatitis." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 3 (February 26, 2018): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20180808.
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Background: Early enteral feeding through a nasoenteric feeding tube is often used in patients with acute pancreatitis, as compared to previous notion of pancreatic rest. This study aims to compare various outcomes of early and late enteral feeding in severe acute pancreatitis.Methods: This study was a randomized trial conducted at Victoria hospital, Bengaluru between July 2016 and June 2017. Patients with severe acute pancreatitis were randomized into early enteral feeding and late enteral feeding groups in the ratio of 1:1. Early enteral feeding group were started on oral feeds within 24 hours of admission. Late enteral feeding group were started on oral feeds after 72 hours of admission. Patient demographics, clinical findings, investigations, length of hospital stay, complications were assessed and compared.Results: In 124 out of 132 patients were included who met inclusion criteria. The mean age of patients was 28.6 years. There were 120 males (96.7%) and 4 females (3.2%). There were no significant differences in age, sex ratio and comorbidities between the two groups. Early enteral feeds group showed lesser number of gastrointestinal adverse effects after initiation of enteral feeds, lesser number of days taken to develop full tolerance to enteral feeds, lesser number of days of admission, lesser complications like necrotizing pancreatitis, single or multiple organs failure, lesser number of ICU admissions, requiring mechanical ventilation, including lesser mortality when compared to delayed enteral feeds group.Conclusions: Patients with severe acute pancreatitis can safely be started on early enteral feeds within 24 hours of admission.
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SHAHID, AFSHAN, Muhammad Hussain KHAN, MAHMOOD AHMED, Muhammad Arshad, and MOHAMMAD WASIF KHAN. "INFANT FEEDING." Professional Medical Journal 16, no. 02 (June 10, 2009): 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2009.16.02.2936.
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b j e c t i v e s : To evaluate the infant feeding beliefs and practices of mothers in our setup. D e s i g n of S t u d y : A crosssectionalstudy. Settings: Fauji Foundation Hospital. Rawalpindi. P e r i o d : From Jan 2007 to September 2007. Materials a n d M e t h o d s :366 mothers of infants attending Fauji Foundation Hospital were interviewed by using pre-tested questionnaire. Data was collected forMothers beliefs ad practices regarding infant feeding. Descriptive statistics like percentages, mean and range were obtained by using SPSSversion 11. Results: 366 mothers from rural and urban areas attending hospitals were interviewed. 63.9% mothers believed that breast milkshould be given as first feed. Pre-lacteal feeds were given to 56% of infants. Major source of information for giving pre-lacteal feeds wasrelatives. At birth, 43.7% mothers discarded clostrum considering it harmful and useless for baby. Frequency of breast feeding was highinitially at birth but declined rapidly by early supplementation with bottle feeding. Inadequate weaning in terms of timing, quality and quantitywas observed. Cultural beliefs and taboos like hot and cold food influenced 61.5% of mothers due to which they restricted important fooditems. C o n c l u s i o n s : A targeted health education campaign should stress the main advantages of breast feeding. Messages should stressthe protective benefits of clostrum and encourage mothers to start breast feeding immediately after birth. Potentially hazardous practicesincluding pre lacteal feeding should be discarded. Local cultural and traditional practices and beliefs regarding different food items shouldbe identified. This will help to improve the food intake of infants by strengthening the useful beliefs and discontinuing harmful ones.
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Katsivalis, Katherine V., Jessica L. Jacobson, Rakhee Bowker, Andrew Berenz, Sara Hovey, and Kristen W. Click. "Enteral Feedings Do Not Increase the Risk of NEC in ELBW Infants Undergoing Treatment of Patent Ductus Arteriosus With Acetaminophen." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 29, no. 3 (June 1, 2024): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-29.3.278.
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OBJECTIVE Acetaminophen (APAP) is an alternative to indomethacin and ibuprofen for treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The side effect profile of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) presents enteral feeding safety concerns; however, the safety of enteral feeding on APAP is largely unknown. Optimal feeding strategies during pharmacological PDA treatment are unknown, leading to practice variation. This study aims to assess the incidence of adverse gastrointestinal (GI) outcomes in neonates treated with APAP for PDA closure while receiving enteral feedings. METHODS Single-center retrospective cohort study of 59 extremely low birth weight (ELBW), premature neonates who received APAP for PDA treatment divided into Low Volume (LV; ≤ 20 mL/kg/day) and High Volume (HV; > 20 mL/kg/day) enteral feeding groups. The primary outcome was the incidence of any suspected or confirmed necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Timing of nutrition milestones, parenteral nutrition (PN) days, and adverse outcomes (feeding intolerance, liver dysfunction, death prior to discharge) were evaluated. RESULTS The incidence of suspected or confirmed NEC was 19.5% in the LV group and 13.3% in the HV group (p = 0.593). The HV group reached full feeds 6 days sooner (18 vs 24 days, p = 0.024) and had fewer PN days (17 vs 23.5 days, p = 0.044) with no difference in adverse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Provision of > 20 mL/kg/day of enteral feeds during APAP treatment of PDA decreased time to full feeds and PN days compared to trophic feedings (≤ 20 mL/kg/day) with no difference in adverse GI outcomes. Continuing enteral feeding during APAP PDA treatment appears safe while improving achievement of nutritional milestones.
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Edwards, S. A., A. G. Taylor, and J. Vidal. "Effects of body condition at farrowing and protein content of the lactation diet on sow performance." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1991 (March 1991): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600020717.
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Current strategies for sow feeding are based on maintenance of a constant body condition throughout the reproductive cycle by feeding at levels only slightly above maintenance in pregnancy and feeding generously for milk production in lactation. Recent evidence suggests that feeding at a low level during pregnancy, whilst meeting nutritional requirements, may be detrimental to sow welfare. The large intake capacity of the sow also offers opportunities for utilising cheaper, alternative feeds at this stage. If bulky feeds are available at low cost, it might be economically attractive to feed for fat deposition by the sow in pregnancy and utilise this during the subsequent lactation. This experiment was designed to investigate whether sows with increased body fat reserves at farrowing could be encouraged to utilise these efficiently during lactation by the provision of a high protein diet.
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Banfield, M. J., and J. M. Forbes. "Effects of whole wheat dilution v. substitution on coccidiosis in broiler chickens." British Journal of Nutrition 86, no. 1 (July 2001): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2001378.
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To test the hypothesis that inclusion of whole cereals in the diet of broiler chickens reduces the severity of a coccidial infection, the effects were investigated, in birds infected with Eimeria acervulina, of feeding a complete pelleted control food, the control food diluted with whole wheat (400 g/kg), or a diet in which ground wheat in the pellets was substituted with whole wheat (400 g/kg) so as to achieve the same composition as the control diet. In the weeks prior to and after infection, (days 14–20 and days 21–27), no significant differences in performance were observed between birds fed the complete pellet and substituted feeds. Birds fed the diluted feeds had significantly lower gains per unit of feed and numerically lower weight gains than the birds fed the control and substituted feeds during this period. No significant differences in performance were observed between treatments from days 28–34. Diluting feeds with whole wheat (400 g/kg) significantly increased ileal digesta viscosity levels, compared with feeding the control and substituted feeds in birds dissected on day 21, although no significant differences in digesta viscosity levels were observed in birds dissected on day 35. Whole wheat feeding, either by dilution or substitution, significantly increased gizzard sizes in birds dissected on day 21 and day 35. Neither dilution nor substitution of feeds with whole wheat (400 g/kg) significantly affected the level of an Eimeria acervulina infection, as measured by daily and total faecal oocyst yields.
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Hancz, Csaba. "Feed efficiency, nutrient sensing and feeding stimulation in aquaculture: A review." Acta Agraria Kaposváriensis 24, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31914/aak.2375.
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Ameliorating of feed efficiency always was and will remain the key element of aquaculture in which minimalizing losses during feed intake play an important role. Decreasing feed losses important not only from the economic point of view but also from an environmental standpoint. Feeding stimulants are often used additives in complete aquaculture feeds. Better knowledge of the food-sensing of cultured species is essential in the development of adequate feeding stimulants. The present paper aims to overview the nutrient-sensing of aquatic animals and the use of the wide variety of feeding attractants and stimulants.
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Gujjar, Neetu, Geetanjali Kalyan, Jogender Kumar, and Parveen Kumar. "Assessment of Duration of Feeding, Spillage, Weight Changes, Days to Reach Full Oral Feeds, Full Breastfeed, and Length of Hospitalization Among Preterm Neonates." Nursing & Midwifery Research Journal 19, no. 2 (April 2023): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974150x231172578.
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Background Preterm neonates are not able to breastfeed due to immature sucking swallow reflexes and are kept on an alternative method of feeding until they are able to do so. The time to reach full oral feeds and breastfeed, the duration of feeding, and spillage are important parameters that need to be observed so that a baseline value can be provided, which can help healthcare professionals see the progression and appropriateness of feeding preterm neonates. Objective To assess the duration of feeding, spillage, weight changes, days to reach full oral feeds, full breastfeed, and length of hospitalization among preterm neonates. Material and Methods A descriptive study was carried out on 106 preterm neonates in the step-down unit of the NICU, PGIMER, Chandigarh. The variables under study were duration of feeding, spillage, weight changes, days to reach full oral feeds, days to reach full breastfeed, and length of hospitalization. The tools for data collection used were a socio-demographic profile along with a clinical profile of neonates, a neonatal assessment, and an observation sheet to record spillage and duration of feeding. The methods of data collection used were observation and biophysiological methods. Weight was assessed by the infant weighing scale present in the unit (in grams) and to measure spillage, a bib was used, and its pre- and post-feeding weight was measured on a diaper weighing machine. The values are expressed in grams. The data were collected from July 2021 to November 2021. The data are analyzed using the SPSS version 23.0. Results The results showed that neonates took an average of mean ± SD (range) 15.0 ± 3.12 (10−26) min to complete one feeding session, and spillage was around 1.37± 0.3 (0.8−2.3) g. The transition time to full oral feeds was 8.01 ± 7.21 (1–44) days, and the average time to reach full breastfeed was 26.7 ± 12.1 (5−56) days. Conclusion The present study has provided valuable data on duration of feeding and spillage that serves as a guide for the amount of milk that can be added to the prescribed feed. The information is also helpful in educating the parents to be patient while feeding the baby and wait for at least 3 weeks to 2 months to reach full breastfeed. Gestational age at birth and birth weight affect (negative correlation) the time to reach full oral feeds, breastfeed, and length of hospital stays ( p < .05).
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Margerison, J. K., T. R. Preston, and C. J. C. Phillips. "Feeding African Palm Oil and Gliricidia Sepium to Dairy Cattle in the Tropics." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1994 (March 1994): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600026830.
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The advancement of ‘self reliance’ in developing counties is essential to their future success. This can be achieved by reducing their dependence on imported products, such as concentrate feeds made from imported materials. If this is to be accomplish alternative feed resources must be identified and developed. In topical environments oil producing plants and leguminous fodder trees are abundant and represent an existing feed resource which can be utilized. These feeds are capable of providing a sustainable alternative to imported feeds, as they are inherent to these environments and economic to produce.The aim was to assess the possibility of the complete replacement of concentrate with African Palm Oil and Gliricidia sepium.A total of sixty six cows were used in two experiments which were completed simultaneously on two separate farms. The cows were allocated to the experimental diets 20 days post-partum and the treatment groups were balanced for previous lactation yield, the number of previous parturitions, calving index and condition score.
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KANG, H., Z. V. TSOY, Yu P. NIKULIN, and O. A. NIKULINA. "WASTE FROM THE FISHING INDUSTRY IN PIG FEEDING." PIG-BREEDING, no. 5 (2023): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37925/0039-713x-2023-5-32-34.
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The article contains material of scientific and economic experiment on the inclusion of herring and pollock processing wastes in rations of swine. The effect of feed addittion on the dynamics of piglets was studied. As a result of conducted research work we established a positive effect influencing on growth, metabolic processes, digestibility of feeds.
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Bárdos, Boróka, György Kövér, András Szabó, Zsolt Gerencsér, and Nagy István. "Feed preference and feeding behavior of different mouse species in laboratory housing." Acta Agraria Kaposváriensis 26, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31914/aak.3376.
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The feed preference of two species of wild mice, the house mouse (Mus musculus), and the mound-building mouse (Mus spicilegus) was investigated (kept in our laboratory for 25 generations). Our interest focused on the feed preference (i.e. if the mice choose the type of feed closest to their natural food). The proximate composition of the two granulated feeds offered to mice differed minimally; the crude fat and crude fibre content of the natural feed mixture was higher, and only this feed contained insect protein. Based on the obtained results, both wild mice species approached the natural feed mixture more frequently than the two other granulated feeds. The same tendency was observed for feed consumption where the animals mostly consumed the natural feed mixture. During the 5-day long study, the consumption of the natural feed mixture increased continuously, while the consumption of the granulated laboratory feed decreased significantly. The average feed consumption was also influenced by room temperature. Our studies can help to develop the optimized indoor keeping and breeding of small domesticated mammals.
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Kropielnicka-Kruk, Katarzyna, Quinn P. Fitzgibbon, Basseer M. Codabaccus, Andrew J. Trotter, Dean R. Giosio, Chris G. Carter, and Gregory G. Smith. "The Effect of Feed Frequency on Growth, Survival and Behaviour of Juvenile Spiny Lobster (Panulirus ornatus)." Animals 12, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 2241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12172241.
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Spiny lobsters have a range of complex chemical communication pathways that contribute to feeding behaviour. Feed intake is modulated by feed availability and feed characteristics, such as attractiveness and palatability, with behavioural factors, such as social competition and circadian rhythm, providing an extra layer of complexity. In this study, we investigated the effect of feed frequency on survival and growth of early-stage (instar 2–6) juvenile Palunirus ornatus. In addition, we investigated the interactive effect of feed frequency and circadian rhythm on lobster feed response. Lobsters were fed a set ration at a frequency of either one, two, four, eight, sixteen or thirty-two times per day over 49 days. The effect of feed frequency on growth and survival was determined. Circadian feeding activity under these feeding treatments was assessed by time-lapse photography. Increased feed frequency from one to sixteen feeds daily improved growth by increasing apparent feed intake (AFI) and feed attraction, as confirmed by the increased presence of lobsters in the feeding area. The rapid leaching of feed attractant, particularly free amino acid, suggests a beneficial effect of multiple feeding frequencies on feed intake and growth. However, more than sixteen feeds per day resulted in decreased feed intake and a subsequent reduction in growth. The decrease in feed intake is thought to be associated with saturation of the culture environment with attractants, resulting in a reduced behavioural response to feed supplies. This may indicate the need for depletion of attractants to retrigger a feeding response. As lobsters were grown communally, faster growth at sixteen rations per day was also coupled with increased cannibalism, likely driven by increased vulnerability with the occurrence of more frequent ecdysis events. Whereas circadian rhythm indicated more activity at night, an interaction between daytime activity and feed frequency was not observed.
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Holubiev, M., T. Holubieva, and M. Sychov. "Effect of supplemental Mn, Zn, Fe and Cu and their interactions on the performance of broiler chickens." Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences 3, no. 3 (August 18, 2020): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/ujvas3-3.06.
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Based on the results of the analysis of feed materials on the content of micronutrient elements and conducting scientific experiments on broilers chicken, the most effective source of Manganese, Zinc, Iron and Copper in mixed feeds, which contributes to solving the problem of increasing the quality of feeding and intensifying the growth of poultry has been substantiated. The optimum source of essential elements (Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu) for broilers chicken through feeds, the level of their incorporation into mixed fodders have been experimentally determined, and their influence on productivity and feed costs per 1 kg of body weight gain have been investigated. The tasks set in the work have been solved experimentally using analytical (analysis of literature sources), zoo-technical (growth indices, feed intake) and statistical (processing of the results obtained) methods of research. The use of mixed feeds in feeding broilers chicken which contained glycinate of Manganese, Zinc, Iron and Copper making 75 % of the needs, contributes to increasing their body weight by 2.5 % and increasing the growth rate by 2.4 %. Feed costs per 1 kg of broilers chicken growth were 1.5 % lower than the young bird index of the control group.