Journal articles: 'Feedback (Psychology) Econometric models'

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Sonnemans, Joep, and Jan Tuinstra. "Positive expectations feedback experiments and number guessing games as models of financial markets." Journal of Economic Psychology 31, no. 6 (December 2010): 964–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2010.08.005.

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Angelidis,, Dimitrios, Athanasios Koulakiotis, and Apostolos Kiohos. "Feedback Trading Strategies: The Case of Greece and Cyprus." South East European Journal of Economics and Business 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jeb-2018-0006.

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Abstract This paper examines whether or not feedback trading strategies are present in the Athens (ASE) and Cyprus Stock Exchanges (CSE). The analysis employs two econometric models: the feedback trading strategy model, introduced by Sentana and Wadhwani (1992), and the exponential autoregressive model, proposed by LeBaron (1992). These two theoretical frameworks, separately, were joined with the FIGARCH (1, d, 1) approach. Both models assume two different groups of traders - the “rational” investors that build their portfolio by following the firms’ fundamentals and the “noise” speculators that ignore stock fundamentals and focus on a positive (negative) feedback trading strategy. The empirical results revealed that negative feedback trading strategies exist in the two underlying stock markets

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Yang, Yixing, Md Qamruzzaman, Mohd Ziaur Rehman, and Salma Karim. "Do Tourism and Institutional Quality Asymmetrically Effects on FDI Sustainability in BIMSTEC Countries: An Application of ARDL, CS-ARDL, NARDL, and Asymmetric Causality Test." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (September 6, 2021): 9989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179989.

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The motivation of the study is to investigate the nature of the relationship between institutional quality, tourism, and FDI in BIMSTEC nations for the period 1996Q1–2018Q4. Exploring their nature of association, the study performed several panel econometric models, namely Panel ARDL, Nonlinear ARDL, and Toda-Yamamoto causality test, with symmetric and asymmetric effects of institutional quality and tourism. The results of the Wald test confirmed the long-run asymmetric relationship between institutional quality, tourism, and FDI, both in the long-run and short-run. Furthermore, directional casualty established a feedback hypothesis explaining the relationship between institutional quality, tourism, and FDI.

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DeYoung, Robert, Emma Y. Peng, and Meng Yan. "Executive Compensation and Business Policy Choices at U.S. Commercial Banks." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 48, no. 1 (January 8, 2013): 165–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109012000646.

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AbstractWe show that contractual risk-taking incentives for chief executive officers (CEOs) increased at large U.S. commercial banks around 2000, when industry deregulation expanded these banks’ growth opportunities. Our econometric models indicate that CEOs responded positively to these incentives, especially at the larger banks best able to take advantage of these opportunities. Our results also suggest that bank boards responded to higher-than-average levels of risk by moderating CEO risk-taking incentives; however, this feedback effect is absent at the very largest banks with strong growth opportunities and a history of highly aggressive risk-taking incentives.

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Padalkar, Shamin, and Mary Hegarty. "Models as feedback: Developing representational competence in chemistry." Journal of Educational Psychology 107, no. 2 (May 2015): 451–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0037516.

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Langer, Philip, and Verne Keenan. "Feedback, Concordance, and Text Comprehension." Psychological Reports 72, no. 2 (April 1993): 517–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.72.2.517.

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Research on the effects of sentence-order feedback on text processing has shown that agreement between the order of original text and either (1) the order of reconstructed text or (2) recall of text does not influence amount of recall. Students' processing of text is a function of too many uncertain variables to permit endorsements of simple association models of instructional assistance.

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Bhargava, Alok, and Juan A. Echenique. "An Econometric Analysis of Sea Surface Temperatures, Sea Ice Concentrations and Ocean Surface Current Velocities." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 1854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10121854.

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This paper analyzed quarterly longitudinal data for 64,800 1 × 1 degree grids during 2000–2019 on sea surface temperatures, sea ice concentrations, and ocean surface current zonal and meridional velocities in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The methodological framework addressed the processing of remote sensing signals, interdependence between sea surface temperatures and sea ice concentrations, and combining zonal and meridional velocities as the eddy kinetic energy. Dynamic and static random effects models were estimated by maximum likelihood and stepwise methods, respectively, taking into account the unobserved heterogeneity across grids. The main findings were that quarterly sea surface temperatures increased steadily in the Northern hemisphere, whereas cyclical patterns were apparent in Southern hemisphere; sea ice concentrations declined in both hemispheres. Second, sea surface temperatures were estimated with large negative coefficients in the models for sea ice concentrations for the hemispheres; previous sea ice concentrations were negatively associated with sea surface temperatures, indicating feedback loops. Third, sea surface temperatures were positively and significantly associated with eddy kinetic energy in Northern hemisphere. Overall, the results indicated the importance of reducing sea surface temperatures via reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and the dumping of pollutants into oceans for maintaining sea ice concentrations and enhancing global sustainability.

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Sharma, Himanshu, and Anu G. Aggarwal. "What factors determine reviewer credibility?" Kybernetes 49, no. 10 (November 18, 2019): 2547–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-08-2019-0537.

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Purpose The experiential nature of travel and tourism services has popularized the importance of electronic word-of-mouth (EWOM) among potential customers. EWOM has a significant influence on hotel booking intention of customers as they tend to trust EWOM more than the messages spread by marketers. Amid abundant reviews available online, it becomes difficult for travelers to identify the most significant ones. This questions the credibility of reviewers as various online businesses allow reviewers to post their feedback using nickname or email address rather than using real name, photo or other personal information. Therefore, this study aims to determine the factors leading to reviewer credibility. Design/methodology/approach The paper proposes an econometric model to determine the variables that affect the reviewer’s credibility in the hospitality and tourism sector. The proposed model uses quantifiable variables of reviewers and reviews to estimate reviewer credibility, defined in terms of proportion of number of helpful votes received by a reviewer to the number of total reviews written by him. This covers both aspects of source credibility i.e. trustworthiness and expertness. The authors have used the data set of TripAdvisor.com to validate the models. Findings Regression analysis significantly validated the econometric models proposed here. To check the predictive efficiency of the models, predictive modeling using five commonly used classifiers such as random forest (RF), linear discriminant analysis, k-nearest neighbor, decision tree and support vector machine is performed. RF gave the best accuracy for the overall model. Practical implications The findings of this research paper suggest various implications for hoteliers and managers to help retain credible reviewers in the online travel community. This will help them to achieve long term relationships with the clients and increase their trust in the brand. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, this study performs an econometric modeling approach to find determinants of reviewer credibility, not conducted in previous studies. Moreover, the study contracts from earlier works by considering it to be an endogenous variable, rather than an exogenous one.

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Franken, Matthias K., Daniel J. Acheson, James M. McQueen, Peter Hagoort, and Frank Eisner. "Consistency influences altered auditory feedback processing." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 10 (March 28, 2019): 2371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021819838939.

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Previous research on the effect of perturbed auditory feedback in speech production has focused on two types of responses. In the short term, speakers generate compensatory motor commands in response to unexpected perturbations. In the longer term, speakers adapt feedforward motor programmes in response to feedback perturbations, to avoid future errors. The current study investigated the relation between these two types of responses to altered auditory feedback. Specifically, it was hypothesised that consistency in previous feedback perturbations would influence whether speakers adapt their feedforward motor programmes. In an altered auditory feedback paradigm, formant perturbations were applied either across all trials (the consistent condition) or only to some trials, whereas the others remained unperturbed (the inconsistent condition). The results showed that speakers’ responses were affected by feedback consistency, with stronger speech changes in the consistent condition compared with the inconsistent condition. Current models of speech-motor control can explain this consistency effect. However, the data also suggest that compensation and adaptation are distinct processes, which are not in line with all current models.

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Akram, Naeem. "Determinants of Domestic Violence in Pakistan: A Qualitative and Econometric Analysis." Partner Abuse 12, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 265–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/pa-d-20-00006.

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Domestic violence exists in every country, irrespective of the culture, ethnicity, age, income, and education of the women. World Health Organization has estimated that approximately 35% of women worldwide had experienced sexual or physical violence. The present study has attempted to analyze the role of different socioeconomic indicators on the prevalence of domestic violence. In this regard, data of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018 has been used and logit models have been estimated. It has been found that women married below the age of 18; living in rural areas; have more children; whose mothers experienced violence; feared their husbands; with little or no autonomy in decision-making; had a bank account; married outside of the family; and had not inherited any land or property were significantly more vulnerable victims of domestic violence. It has been found that women's education, education of her husband, and exposure to media by creating awareness may protect women from domestic violence. Furthermore, working women are more likely to face domestic violence, but women who have started working before marriage are significantly less vulnerable victims of domestic violence. However, the age of women herself, the age of husband, age of household head and wealth of household, living in the nucleus or joint family, receiving any support from Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) have no significant role in determining the domestic violence in Pakistan.

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Delcomyn, Fred. "Biorobotic models can contribute to neurobiology." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 6 (December 2001): 1056–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01270125.

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The idea that biorobots can be used as a testbed for the evaluation of hypotheses about how an animal functions is supported. Generation of realistic feedback is a major advantage of biorobotic models. Nevertheless, skeptics can only be convinced that this approach is valid if significant biological insights are generated from its application.

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Liu, Ren, Anne Corinne Huggins-Manley, and Okan Bulut. "Retrofitting Diagnostic Classification Models to Responses From IRT-Based Assessment Forms." Educational and Psychological Measurement 78, no. 3 (January 8, 2017): 357–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164416685599.

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Developing a diagnostic tool within the diagnostic measurement framework is the optimal approach to obtain multidimensional and classification-based feedback on examinees. However, end users may seek to obtain diagnostic feedback from existing item responses to assessments that have been designed under either the classical test theory or item response theory frameworks. Retrofitting diagnostic classification models to existing assessments designed under other psychometric frameworks could be a plausible approach to obtain more actionable scores or understand more about the constructs themselves. This study (a) discusses the possibility and problems of retrofitting, (b) proposes a step-by-step retrofitting framework, and (c) explores the information one can gain from retrofitting through an empirical application example. While retrofitting may not always be an ideal approach to diagnostic measurement, this article aims to invite discussions through presenting the possibility, challenges, process, and product of retrofitting.

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Dell, Gary S. "Positive Feedback in Hierarchical Connectionist Models: Applications to Language Production1." Cognitive Science 9, no. 1 (January 1985): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0901_2.

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Úbeda, Miquel, M. Àngels Cabasés, Malena Sabaté, and Tanja Strecker. "The Deterioration of the Spanish Youth Labour Market (1985–2015): An Interdisciplinary Case Study." YOUNG 28, no. 5 (May 9, 2020): 544–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1103308820914838.

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The Spanish labour market is notorious for its high unemployment rate and its exceptionally high youth unemployment rate, job insecurity, impermanence and underemployment. This article presents a systematic analysis of the Spanish labour market’s deterioration process, in particular focusing on the youth labour market. It combines historic reviews with statistical analyses of data from official sources, like the Continuous Sample of Working Lives (CSWL), through different econometric models. The procedure consists of three steps: (a) first, a historical estimation to facilitate the systematic selection of the statistics, in this case contracts taken from a large sample of the Spanish workforce over the period 1985–2015; (b) econometric modelling of relevant indicators, in this case the average annual income, daily working hours and average length of contract; and (c) an analysis of the identified trends and conjuncture regarding precarious work and gender inequality.

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Carver, Charles S., and Michael F. Scheier. "Control Processes and Self-Organization as Complementary Principles Underlying Behavior." Personality and Social Psychology Review 6, no. 4 (November 2002): 304–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0604_05.

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This article addresses the convergence and complementarity between self-regulatory control-process models of behavior and dynamic systems models. The control-process view holds that people have a goal in mind and try to move toward it (or away from it), monitoring the extent to which a discrepancy remains between the goal and one's present state and taking steps to reduce the discrepancy (or enlarge it). Dynamic systems models tend to emphasize a bottom-up self-organization process, in which a coherence arises from among many simultaneous influences, moving the system toward attractors and away from repellers. We suggest that these differences in emphasis reflect two facets of a more complex reality involving both types of processes. Discussion focuses on how self-organization may occur within constituent elements of a feedback system—the input function, the output function, and goal values being used by the system—and how feedback processes themselves can reflect self-organizing tendencies.

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Angarita-Zapata, Juan S., Jorge A. Parra-Valencia, and Hugo H. Andrade-Sosa. "Understanding the Structural Complexity of Induced Travel Demand in Decision-Making: A System Dynamics Approach." Organizacija 49, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/orga-2016-0013.

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Abstract Background and purpose: Induced travel demand (ITD) is a phenomenon where road construction increases vehicles’ kilometers traveled. It has been approached with econometric models that use elasticities as measure to estimate how much travel demand can be induced by new roads. However, there is a lack of “white-box” models with causal hypotheses that explain the structural complexity underlying this phenomenon. We propose a system dynamics model based on a feedback mechanism to explain structurally ITD. Methodology: A system dynamics methodology was selected to model and simulate ITD. First, a causal loop diagram is proposed to describe the ITD structure in terms of feedback loops. Then a stock-flows diagram is formulated to allow computer simulation. Finally, simulations are run to show the quantitative temporal evolution of the model built. Results: The simulation results show how new roads in the short term induce more kilometers traveled by vehicles already in use; meanwhile, in the medium-term, new traffic is generated. These new car drivers appear when better flow conditions coming from new roads increase attractiveness of car use. More cars added to vehicles already in use produce new traffic congestion, and high travel speeds provided by roads built are absorbed by ITD effects. Conclusion: We concluded that approaching ITD with a systemic perspective allows for identifying leverage points that contribute to design comprehensive policies aimed to cope with ITD. In this sense, the model supports decision- making processes in urban contexts wherein it is still necessary for road construction to guarantee connectivity, such as the case of developing countries.

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GALLO, IGNACIO, ADRIANO BARRA, and PIERLUIGI CONTUCCI. "PARAMETER EVALUATION OF A SIMPLE MEAN-FIELD MODEL OF SOCIAL INTERACTION." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 19, supp01 (August 2009): 1427–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202509003863.

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The aim of this work is to implement a statistical mechanics theory of social interaction, generalizing econometric discrete choice models. A class of simple mean-field discrete models is introduced and discussed both from the theoretical and phenomenological point of view. We propose a parameter evaluation procedure and test it by fitting the model against three families of data coming from different cases: the estimated interaction parameters are found to have similar positive values, giving a quantitative confirmation of the peer imitation behavior found in social psychology. Furthermore, all the values of the interaction parameters belong to the phase transition regime suggesting its possible role in the study of social systems.

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Arco, Lucius. "Using Self-generated Feedback for Generalising and Maintaining Staff Performance in a Rehabilitation Program." Behaviour Change 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2002): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.19.2.75.

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AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine whether a low cost self-generated feedback procedure was sufficient for generalising and maintaining staff performance. Two staff members were trained to implement a communication skills program with a client with severe closed head injuries. Staff were first trained to perform competently via written instructions, videotaped models, discussion, and on-the-job supervisory feedback. Posttraining conditions consisted of staff continuing with recording and graphing gains in client skills, or rating their own performance (i.e., they continued with self-generated feedback). A multiple baseline design across client skills and staff was used to observe generalised effects on staff performance (prompts and positive consequences) and client skills. Results show that after staff attained competency, and without further supervisory feedback, their performance generalised to topographically similar performance, and the staff member who consistently participated in the study maintained her performance for 16 weeks.

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Essig, Gregory N., and Kevin R. Kelly. "Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Assessment Feedback Models in Reducing Career Indecision." Journal of Career Assessment 21, no. 4 (February 8, 2013): 519–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069072712475283.

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James, Ian Andrew. "The Rightful Demise of the Sh*t Sandwich: Providing Effective Feedback." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 43, no. 6 (April 7, 2014): 759–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465814000113.

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Background: As a trainee cognitive therapist in the early 1990s, I was taught the Sh*t Sandwich by my supervisor. I continued to use this technique for many years without seeing the need to extend my repertoire of feedback strategies. Aims: This article describes a number of other feedback techniques, raising awareness of the processes underpinning feedback, and facilitating reflection on feedback methods. Method: This review examines feedback and the methods of feedback used to improve clinical competence. Results: Evidence informs us that the use of good feedback has a significant effect on learners’ outcomes (Milne, 2009). However, despite recognition of its importance, many supervisors fail to give adequate feedback and utilize methods that are sub-optimal. One such problematic method is the notorious “Sh*t Sandwich” (SS), which attempts to hide criticism within a cushion of two positive statements. This paper looks at various models of giving negative and positive feedback, suggesting that our repertoire of feedback methods may require expanding. Conclusion: The review suggests that feedback is a complex process and methods that place an emphasis on the learner as an active participant in the learning process (i.e. interactive approaches) should be encouraged. The paper suggests that negative feedback should generally be avoided in favour of constructive support, accompanied by specific, descriptive, balanced feedback, with new learning being consolidated by role play. Generally, feedback should be given about the task rather than the person, but when it is personalized it should relate to effort rather than ability.

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Matthen, Mohan. "How (and why) Darwinian selection restricts environmental feedback." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 3 (June 2001): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0140416x.

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Selectionist models date back to Empedocles in Ancient Greece. The novelty of Darwinian selection is that it is able to produce adaptively valuable things without being sensitive to adaptive value. Darwin achieved this result by a restriction of environmental feedback to the replicative process. Immune system selection definitely does not respect this restriction, and it is doubtful whether operant learning does.

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Nelson, Todd D. "The control of consciousness via a neuropsychological feedback loop." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18, no. 4 (December 1995): 690–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00040565.

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AbstractGray's neuropsychological model of consciousness uses a hierarchical feedback loop framework that has been extensively discussed by many others in psychology. This commentary therefore urges Gray to integrate with, or at least acknowledge previous models. It also points out flaws in his feedback model and suggests directions for further theoretical work.

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Bimba, Andrew Thomas, Norisma Idris, Ahmed Al-Hunaiyyan, Rohana Binti Mahmud, and Nor Liyana Bt Mohd Shuib. "Adaptive feedback in computer-based learning environments: a review." Adaptive Behavior 25, no. 5 (August 24, 2017): 217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059712317727590.

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Adaptive support within a learning environment is useful because most learners have different personal characteristics such as prior knowledge, learning progress, and learning preferences. This study reviews various implementation of adaptive feedback, based on the four adaptation characteristics: means, target, goal, and strategy. This review focuses on 20 different implementations of feedback in a computer-based learning environment, ranging from multimedia web-based intelligent tutoring systems, dialog-based intelligent tutoring systems, web-based intelligent e-learning systems, adaptive hypermedia systems, and adaptive learning environment. The main objective of the review is to compare computer-based learning environments according to their implementation of feedback and to identify open research questions in adaptive feedback implementations. The review resulted in categorizing these feedback implementations based on the students’ information used for providing feedback, the aspect of the domain or pedagogical knowledge that is adapted to provide feedback based on the students’ characteristics, the pedagogical reason for providing feedback, and the steps taken to provide feedback with or without students’ participation. Other information such as the common adaptive feedback means, goals, and implementation techniques are identified. This review reveals a distinct relationship between the characteristics of feedback, features of adaptive feedback, and computer-based learning models. Other information such as the common adaptive feedback means, goals, implementation techniques, and open research questions are identified.

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Azizi Soldouz, Sina, Md Sami Hasnine, Mahadeo Sukhai, and Khandker Nurul Habib. "Looking through the Perceptions of Blinds: Potential Impacts of Connected Autonomous Vehicles on Pedestrians with Visual Impairment." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 5 (April 9, 2020): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120914299.

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The paper investigates the impacts and barriers posed by connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) for pedestrians with visual impairment. This study uses a customized web-based survey of visually impaired people from Canada and abroad. Collected data are used to estimate econometric models to identify the critical factors that affect the level of trust in CAVs and the preference for using CAVs from the visually impaired individuals’ perspective. Separate models are estimated for Canadian and non-Canadian samples, as Canadian and non-Canadian participants show some differences in perception and positive attitude towards CAVs. The models reveal that the majority of the respondents prefer to get feedback and alerts from CAVs. Congenitally blind Canadians are less likely to trust CAVs, but non-Canadian congenital blinds tend to trust CAVs. The models also indicate that the respondents who experienced being near an accident with an electric vehicle (EV) are less likely to choose CAVs. Respondents who rely on mobile applications and technology-based devices for navigating purposes tend to trust CAVs. Blind people who rely on conventional navigation tools (e.g., white cane, guide dog, etc.) are less likely to be the users of CAVs. Gender effect is visible, as the female participants tend not to trust CAVs. In relation to policy recommendations, subsidies should be provided to various advocacy groups to offer orientation and mobility (O&M) training services, which are pivotal to educate how to use technology-based navigational services. Also, automobile manufacturers should be enforced to add acoustic vehicle alert systems (AVAS) to both EVs and CAVs.

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Li, Feng, Yongjuan Li, and Erping Wang. "Task Characteristics and Team Performance: The Mediating Effect of Team Member Satisfaction." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 37, no. 10 (November 1, 2009): 1373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2009.37.10.1373.

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Team design characteristics are important antecedents in Input-Process-Outcome models. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships among traditional task characteristics (task meaningfulness, autonomy, and feedback), team performance, and team member satisfaction within the same framework. We collected data from 382 members and 100 managers of 100 teams. The results of structural equation analysis partly supported our theoretical framework. Team member satisfaction mediated the effects of task autonomy and feedback on the team performance. Task meaningfulness had a directly positive effect on team performance. These results draw attention to the different effects of the aspects of traditional task characteristics and the satisfaction-performance relationship in a team context.

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Dell, Gary S. "Cascading and feedback in interactive models of production: A reflection of forward modeling?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36, no. 4 (June 24, 2013): 351–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x12002531.

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AbstractInteractive theories of lexical retrieval in language production assume that activation cascades from earlier to later processing levels, and feeds back in the reverse direction. This commentary invites Pickering & Garrod (P&G) to consider whether cascading and feedback can be seen as a form of forwarding modeling within a hierarchical production system.

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Abdelhamid, Amira, Houcine Jeder, and Ahmed Salah. "Agriculture Adaptation Strategies of Tunisian Oasis Households to Climate Change." Agriculture and Food Sciences Research 9, no. 1 (March 8, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/aesr.v9i1.3758.

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Climate change should have impacts on Tunisian arid regions oasis households are likely to bear the most significant negative impacts, the case of the oasis of "Metouia" in the governorate of "Gabes". This research is based on an econometric analysis through cross-sectional probit models involving 50 oasis households. The binary probit models showed that certain factors contribute significantly to the adaptation strategies identified, such as: the age of the agricultural household head, agriculture as a main activity, the agricultural production system adopted the mode of ownership of agricultural land, extension for farmers. All actions aimed at improving the resilience of Tunisian oasis agricultural households to climate change focus mainly on the strategies adopted by farmers in terms of water management, the technical choices and the production systems adopted combined with the experience and local know-how.

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Popov, Boris, and Zdenka Novovic. "Negative feedback, beliefs and personal goals in prediction of dysfunctional emotions." Psihologija 40, no. 2 (2007): 277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi0702277p.

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Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) demonstrates good results in evaluation therapy researches. However, some of its basic concepts, as well as theory as a whole itself, did not receive satisfactory empirical support so far, in comparison to other cognitive models (Beck, Lazarus etc.). Quasiexperimental study was designed to test the role that (1) negative feedback (A) and (2) irrational beliefs (B) both play in formation of dysfunctional negative emotions, in the context of significant personal goals (in our case value of potential award - G). ABC theoretical model received limited support: statistically significant three-times interaction A x B x G was found in predicting general negative emotional state, as well as anger. In contrast with that, ANOVA showed only main effect of irrational beliefs (as continuous variable) to be significant in predicting emotions of anxiety and depression. Findings are discussed in the context of REBT theory of emotions, as well as their possible practical applications. Limitations of the study were also mentioned. .

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Appelgren, Alva, William Penny, and Sara L. Bengtsson. "Impact of Feedback on Three Phases of Performance Monitoring." Experimental Psychology 61, no. 3 (November 1, 2014): 224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000242.

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We investigated if certain phases of performance monitoring show differential sensitivity to external feedback and thus rely on distinct mechanisms. The phases of interest were: the error phase (FE), the phase of the correct response after errors (FEC), and the phase of correct responses following corrects (FCC). We tested accuracy and reaction time (RT) on 12 conditions of a continuous-choice-response task; the 2-back task. External feedback was either presented or not in FE and FEC, and delivered on 0%, 20%, or 100% of FCC trials. The FCC20 was matched to FE and FEC in the number of sounds received so that we could investigate when external feedback was most valuable to the participants. We found that external feedback led to a reduction in accuracy when presented on all the correct responses. Moreover, RT was significantly reduced for FCC100, which in turn correlated with the accuracy reduction. Interestingly, the correct response after an error was particularly sensitive to external feedback since accuracy was reduced when external feedback was presented during this phase but not for FCC20. Notably, error-monitoring was not influenced by feedback-type. The results are in line with models suggesting that the internal error-monitoring system is sufficient in cognitively demanding tasks where performance is ∼ 80%, as well as theories stipulating that external feedback directs attention away from the task. Our data highlight the first correct response after an error as particularly sensitive to external feedback, suggesting that important consolidation of response strategy takes place here.

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Zhan, Peida. "A Markov Estimation Strategy for Longitudinal Learning Diagnosis: Providing Timely Diagnostic Feedback." Educational and Psychological Measurement 80, no. 6 (April 15, 2020): 1145–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164420912318.

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Timely diagnostic feedback is helpful for students and teachers, enabling them to adjust their learning and teaching plans according to a current diagnosis. Motivated by the practical concern that the simultaneity estimation strategy currently adopted by longitudinal learning diagnosis models does not provide timely diagnostic feedback, this study proposes a new Markov estimation strategy, which follows the Markov property. A simulation study was conducted to explore and compare the performance of four estimation strategies: the simultaneity, the Markov, the anchor-item, and the separated estimation strategies. The results show that their performance was highly consistent, and they presented in the following relative order: simultaneity > Markov > anchor-item ≥ separated. Overall, although accuracy in parameter estimation is sacrificed slightly with the proposed strategy, it can provide timely diagnostic feedback to practitioners, which is in line with the concept of “assessment for learning” and the needs of formative assessment.

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Gao, Zhenjun, Shujie Li, Xiufeng Cao, and Yuefen Li. "Carbon Emission Intensity Characteristics and Spatial Spillover Effects in Counties in Northeast China: Based on a Spatial Econometric Model." Land 11, no. 5 (May 20, 2022): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11050753.

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Under the “double carbon” target, it is important to reduce carbon emissions in each region. Using exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), the center of gravity method, and spatial econometric models, we analyzed the characteristics and spatial spillover effects of carbon emission intensity in counties in Northeast China from 2000 to 2020 and made recommendations to the government for more reasonable carbon reduction strategies in order to achieve sustainable development. The results were as follows: (1) Since 2000, the carbon emission intensity in Northeast China has increased after first declining, and the carbon emission intensity in the western and northern regions of Northeast China has increased faster than Northeast China’s average. (2) After 2000, the spatial aggregation of carbon emission intensity has improved in Northeast China. (3) Northeast China’s carbon emission intensity has a positive spatial spillover effect. Through the feedback mechanism, the growth in population size, the rise in economic development level, the level of industrialization as well as the rise in living standard, the land use structure dominated by arable land and construction land, and the increase in urbanization level in the region will cause the carbon emission intensity in the surrounding areas to increase. An increase in public expenditures leads to a decrease in carbon emission intensity in the adjacent area. (4) When the vegetation cover exceeds its threshold value, it can have a larger inhibitory influence on carbon emission intensity. To summarize, each county in Northeast China is a carbon emission reduction community, and policymakers must consider the spatial spillover effect of carbon emission intensity when developing policies.

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Maslej, Marta M., Benoit H. Mulsant, and Paul W. Andrews. "THE NATURE OF DEPRESSIVE RUMINATION AND ITS CONNECTION WITH DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 39, no. 9 (November 2020): 761–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2020.39.9.761.

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Introduction: Researchers have proposed several theories of depressive rumination. To compare among them, we conducted a joint factor analysis. Methods: An online sample (n = 498) completed four rumination questionnaires and the Beck Depression Inventory. We examined associations between emerging factors and depressive symptoms. Results: Most commonly, people ruminated about solving problems in their lives, followed by the causes or consequences of negative situations. They least commonly ruminated about their symptoms and sadness. Thoughts about symptoms and causes or consequences of negative situations uniquely related to depressive symptoms. There was a circular covariance relation between depressive symptoms, thoughts about causes or consequences, and problem-solving, suggesting that symptoms are regulated by a negative feedback loop involving problem-solving. This feedback was not present unless models included thoughts about causes or consequences, suggesting that these thoughts benefit problem-solving. Discussion: Depressive rumination may be a dynamic process involving various thoughts, with different combinations of thoughts having different consequences for depression.

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Gabelica, Catherine, and Vitaliy Popov. "“One Size Does Not Fit All”: Revisiting Team Feedback Theories From a Cultural Dimensions Perspective." Group & Organization Management 45, no. 2 (March 18, 2020): 252–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059601120910859.

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Feedback is a critical component of teamwork regulation. Research underscores the importance of feedback processes for its effectiveness in teams and further notes how individual differences can affect these processes. Nonetheless, few have theorized on the cultural dimensions associated with feedback to specify how these can attenuate such processes. We contend that research can be advanced by specifying how cultural dimensions may shape individual perception and processing of feedback and team processing of feedback in homogeneous and heterogeneous teams with respect to cultural dimensions. To address this foundational question, we review and integrate the literature on feedback in teams and culture in teams by (a) incorporating the role of culture in team feedback models, (b) discussing how cultural dimensions could influence the perception and processing of feedback, and (c) highlighting important directions for future inquiries at the intersection of feedback and cultural theories. We discuss the links between cultural dimensions derived from the field of intercultural communication and feedback behaviors and processes and provide propositions concerning culturally informed differences in specific feedback responses at individual and team levels.

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Renner, Britta, Harald Schupp, Manja Vollmann, Freda-Marie Hartung, Ralf Schmälzle, and Martina Panzer. "Risk perception, risk communication and health behavior change." Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie 16, no. 3 (July 2008): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0943-8149.16.3.150.

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Abstract. At a broad level, the Konstanz Health Psychology research group aims at understanding the judgment and decision making processes underlying health-relevant behaviors. Towards this goal, several more specific research agendas are addressed. A primary aim is to understand the transition from knowing about risks to personally feeling at risk. In particular, we study the reception of relevant personalised health feedback such as feedback on cholesterol levels or blood pressure. Contrary to the dominant models of biased reasoning, our results on feedback reception suggest that people respond adaptively to health risk feedback. Furthermore, we study changes in the perception of health risk across time and their associated effects on the onset, maintenance, and cessation of health-relevant behaviors. In current research, we try to utilize methods from affective neuroscience for assessing affective and intuitive processes relevant to personal feelings of risk. These efforts are motivated by the broader goal of developing theoretical frameworks that can be applied across a range of behavioral domains.

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Muckli, Lars, Lucy S. Petro, and Fraser W. Smith. "Backwards is the way forward: Feedback in the cortical hierarchy predicts the expected future." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36, no. 3 (May 10, 2013): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x12002361.

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AbstractClark offers a powerful description of the brain as a prediction machine, which offers progress on two distinct levels. First, on an abstract conceptual level, it provides a unifying framework for perception, action, and cognition (including subdivisions such as attention, expectation, and imagination). Second, hierarchical prediction offers progress on a concrete descriptive level for testing and constraining conceptual elements and mechanisms of predictive coding models (estimation of predictions, prediction errors, and internal models).

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Fenell, David L., Alan J. Hovestadt, and Samuel J. Harvey. "A COMPARISON OF DELAYED FEEDBACK AND LIVE SUPERVISION MODELS OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY THERAPIST CLINICAL TRAINING*." Journal of Marital and Family Therapy 12, no. 2 (April 1986): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.1986.tb01635.x.

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Campbell, Gwendolyn Elizabeth, Wendi Lynn Buff, and Amy Elizabeth Bolton. "The Diagnostic Utility of Fuzzy System Modeling for Application in Training Systems." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 11 (July 2000): 370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004401111.

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While there are many different computational modeling techniques capable of predicting human decision-making outcomes, training applications require modeling techniques that are also diagnostic of human decision-making processes. Multiple linear regression, a commonly used modeling technique in Psychology, makes overly restrictive processing assumptions such as that of additivity. A relatively new modeling approach, fuzzy system modeling, bears some striking similarities to current theories of categorization and cognition. In this research, we compare the diagnostic utility of multiple linear regression to fuzzy system models. Specifically, decision-making data are modeled using either linear regression or fuzzy system models, and trainee models are compared to an expert model built with the same technique. Discrepancies between the trainee and expert models are noted and qualitative feedback is generated. The diagnostic utility of each technique is evaluated by measuring changes in performance after model-based feedback is provided to the trainees.

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Morelli, Nathan, and Matthew Hoch. "A Proposed Postural Control Theory Synthesizing Optimal Feedback Control Theory, Postural Motor Learning, and Cerebellar Supervision Learning." Perceptual and Motor Skills 127, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): 1118–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512520930868.

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Multiple theories regarding motor learning and postural control development aim to explain how the central nervous system (CNS) acquires, adjusts, and learns postural behaviors. However, few theories of postural motor development and learning propose possible neurophysiologic correlates to support their assumptions. Evidence from behavioral and computational models support the cerebellum’s role in supervising motor learning through the production of forward internal models, corrected by sensory prediction errors. Optimal Feedback Control Theory (OFCT) states that the CNS learns new behaviors by minimizing the cost of multi-joint movements that attain a task goal. By synthesizing principles of the OFCT, postural sway characteristics, and cerebellar anatomy and its internal models, we propose an integrated learning model in which cerebellar supervision of postural control is governed by movement cost functions.

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Goldberger, Arthur S. "Interviewed by Nicholas M. Kiefer." Econometric Theory 5, no. 1 (April 1989): 133–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466600012299.

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Econometrics as practiced by Arthur (Art) Goldberger demonstrates extraordinary sensitivity to issues of measurement and model specification, and unusual care and caution in interpretation of results, as well as a thorough and comprehensive mastery of econometric theory. His landmark 1964 book, Econometric Theory, set a new standard of rigor in econometrics, and at the same time treated the important problems posed by limited and qualitative dependent variables years before any other text. Art Goldberger's work ranges from early contributions to macro modeling through demand analysis, multivariate modeling with latent variables, and models for sample selectivity, to his highly regarded work on important social issues of heritability of IQ, effectiveness of public versus private schools, and measurement of salary discrimination. Goldberger's influential work, especially on modeling latent or unobservable variables, is widely known and applied in sociology and psychology as well as in economics. Art has been at Wisconsin for many years, and this association is an important reason for Wisconsin's continuing reputation as a leading center for quantitative social sciences.The quality and influence of Art Goldberger's work has earned him many professional honors. He is a Fellow of the Econometric Society, the American Statistical Association, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and has twice been a Guggenheim Fellow. He is a Distinguished Fellow of the American Economic Association and a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Art gave the Woytinsky Lecture at the University of Michigan in 1985.This interview took place on May 5 in Art Goldberger's office overlooking Lake Mendota. Art's remarks cover a wide range of topics, and I hope they are of interest to social scientists generally as well as to econometricians.

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Beam, Christopher R., and Eric Turkheimer. "Phenotype–environment correlations in longitudinal twin models." Development and Psychopathology 25, no. 1 (February 2013): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579412000867.

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AbstractGene–environment correlation (rGE) exists both within and between families. Between families, accumulating rGE has been used to explain dramatic changes in phenotypic means over time. The Dickens and Flynn model of increases in cognitive ability over generational time, for example, suggests that small changes in phenotype can lead to subsequent reallocation of environmental resources. This process sets up a reciprocal feedback loop between phenotype and environment, producing accumulating rGE that can cause large changes in the mean of ability, even though ability remains highly heritable in cross-sectional data. We report simulations suggesting that similar processes may operate within twin and sibling pairs. Especially in dizygotic twins and siblings, small differences in phenotype can become associated with reallocations of environmental resources within families. We show that phenotype–environment effects can account for age-related increases in rGE, rapid differentiation of siblings raised together, and widely reported increases in the heritability of behavior during childhood and adolescence.

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Humphreys, Glyn W., M. Jane Riddoch, and Cathy J. Price. "Top-down processes in object identification: evidence from experimental psychology, neuropsychology and functional anatomy." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 352, no. 1358 (August 29, 1997): 1275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1997.0110.

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Many models of object identification are bottom–up and serial in nature; processing at a first stage needs to be complete before it is passed on to a subsequent stage, and there is no top–down feedback from the later to the earlier stages. However, data on picture identification in normal observers contradict a strict serial account of processing, since effects of variables on early and late stages of object identification combine in an interactive rather than an additive manner. Recent neuropsychological and functional anatomical data also indicate that object identification involves top–down activation of earlier stages of visual processing. In neuropsychological patients, subtle perceptual deficits can produce naming problems, even when there is good access to associated semantic knowledge; in functional activation studies, there is increased activity in visual processing areas when conditions require object naming relative to object recognition. These studies provide evidence that increased visual processing occurs in identification tasks, suggesting that there is re–current feedback during the identification process.

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Bundala, Ntogwa N. "Homo-Hetero Pairing Regression Model: An Econometric Predictive Model of Homo Paired Data." International Journal of Finance Research 3, no. 2 (July 31, 2022): 147–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47747/ijfr.v3i2.792.

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The study aimed to examine the technical and fundamental hypotheses in NYSE, NASDAQ and S&P 500 stock exchange markets. The main determinants (variables) that were examined were stock trading volumes, closing stock prices and stock information available in the stock exchange market. The 240 days, 197 days and 253 days data of closing stock prices and trading volumes at NYSE, S&P500 and NASDAQ stock exchange markets were systematically collected from June 2021 to June 2022. The data was analysed by using the Homo-Hetero Pairing (HHP) Regression Model. This model was developed to detect the linear and non-linear behaviour of data. The study evidenced that both the technical and fundamental hypotheses in NYSE, S&P500 and NASDAQ stock exchange markets are defined by the inverse and S-curved models in two distinctive pairing classes called the positive-positive pairing (PPP) class and the negative-positive pairing (NPP) class. The study concluded that the optimal prediction of the stock price or return is achieved by the fundamentalists in the stock exchange markets. The study recommends that stock investors should priorities the use of the fundamental hypothesis to make their portfolio investment decision. Moreover, the study recommends the application of the HHP regression model in financial markets, economics, psychology, sociology, and medicine studies. In addition, the HHP regression model is recommended for the prediction of water waves in the investigation of hydrodynamic and erosion-accretion processes

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Konstantinidis, Emmanouil, Jason L. Harman, and Cleotilde Gonzalez. "Patterns of choice adaptation in dynamic risky environments." Memory & Cognition 50, no. 4 (March 8, 2022): 864–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13421-021-01244-4.

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AbstractAn important aspect of making good decisions is the ability to adapt to changes in the values of available choice options, and research suggests that we are poor at changing behavior and adapting our choices successfully. The current paper contributes to clarifying the role of memory on learning and successful adaptation to changing decision environments. We test two aspects of changing decision environments: the direction of change and the type of feedback. The direction of change refers to how options become more or less rewarding compared to other options, over time. Feedback refers to whether full or partial information about decision outcomes is received. Results from behavioral experiments revealed a robust effect of the direction of change: risk that becomes more rewarding over time is harder to detect than risk that becomes less rewarding over time; even with full feedback. We rely on three distinct computational models to interpret the role of memory on learning and adaptation. The distributions of individual model parameters were analyzed in relation to participants’ ability to successfully adapt to the changing conditions of the various decision environments. Consistent across the three models and two distinct data sets, results revealed the importance of recency as an individual memory component for choice adaptation. Individuals relying more on recent experiences were more successful at adapting to change, regardless of its direction. We explain the value and limitations of these findings as well as opportunities for future research.

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Solovov, A. V., and A. A. Menshikova. "Models for the Design and Operation of Digital Educational Environments." Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia 30, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2021-30-1-144-155.

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Many educational institutions, assessing their prospects, plan to develop distance educational services using their own electronic and information educational environments (EIEE). During creating and operating EIEE of educational institution (EI), a number of questions arise related to structural, marketing, personnel and other decisions. The purpose of this article is to research the organizational, technical and didactic aspects of the EIEE EI. The methodology of the research is based on methods of system analysis, cybernetics, pedagogical psychology and didacticism.A conceptual model of the EIEE EI as an organizational and technical system has been proposed. It includes a marketing subsystem, a set of technical tools, various types of security and an organizational subsystem. The main functions of these subsystems and their various components have been identified.A didactic model of a typical complex of digital educational resources has been developed. Within this model, the diversity of digital educational resources across each academic discipline is integrated into complexes that provide a complete study at different target levels of assimilation, from initial acquaintance to solving uncharacteristic professionally oriented tasks.From the point of view of pedagogical psychology and cybernetics, the high importance of feedback in EIEE EI is shown. The classification of feedbacks (internal and external) is proposed for the triad “Teacher – Teaching Program – Learner”. The limits of the use of automation in the formation of feedbacks are specified, as opposed to other (non-computer) responses to students’ educational activities. The role and place of feedback in the “digital footprints” of students and teachers is shown and the directions for the use of this data in artificial intelligence systems are outlined.

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Luthra, Sahil, Monica Y. C. Li, Heejo You, Christian Brodbeck, and James S. Magnuson. "Does signal reduction imply predictive coding in models of spoken word recognition?" Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 28, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 1381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-021-01924-x.

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AbstractPervasive behavioral and neural evidence for predictive processing has led to claims that language processing depends upon predictive coding. Formally, predictive coding is a computational mechanism where only deviations from top-down expectations are passed between levels of representation. In many cognitive neuroscience studies, a reduction of signal for expected inputs is taken as being diagnostic of predictive coding. In the present work, we show that despite not explicitly implementing prediction, the TRACE model of speech perception exhibits this putative hallmark of predictive coding, with reductions in total lexical activation, total lexical feedback, and total phoneme activation when the input conforms to expectations. These findings may indicate that interactive activation is functionally equivalent or approximant to predictive coding or that caution is warranted in interpreting neural signal reduction as diagnostic of predictive coding.

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Lappi, Otto, and Callum Mole. "Visuomotor control, eye movements, and steering: A unified approach for incorporating feedback, feedforward, and internal models." Psychological Bulletin 144, no. 10 (October 2018): 981–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bul0000150.

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Ghosh, Papiya, and Brishti Guha. "THE STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOBIN’S Q AND US STOCK PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED FIRMS." International Journal of Advanced Economics 1, no. 2 (June 22, 2020): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijae.v1i2.56.

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The objective of study was to test the dynamic effects of changes in Tobin’Q on stock prices of selected 249 US public companies of different industry categories. Panel unit roots tests and cointegration tests are implemented. Next, DOLS and GMM models are estimated. Annual data for the 2004-2012 period are used for the above selected US companies. Panel unit root tests provide somewhat mixed evidence of non-stationarity of both variables. There is clear evidence of cointegration between the above variables. The negative coefficient of the error-correction term shows convergence toward long-run equilibrium, though at slow pace. The estimates also reveal shortrun net positive interactive feedback effects between the variables. Both DOLS and GMM estimates display similar picture of overvaluation of stocks in terms of upward movement in Tobin’s Q beyond 0-to-1 range. For most parts of the sample period, the US stock market was in declining mode due to heightening of economic uncertainties during the Great Recession and several years beyond. Tobin’s Q should be improved to boost stock prices. This is more of a long-run phenomenon. In the short run, both reinforce each other. The topic is unique and the existing literature on this topic is scant. Relatively new econometric techniques have been applied for estimation using panel data. The results are quite insightful, in our view.

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Rahman, Matiur, and Muhammad Mustafa. "Dynamics of Tobin’s Q and US Stock Performance." International Review of Business and Economics 2, no. 2 (2018): 52–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2018.2.2.3.

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To study the dynamic effects of changes in Tobin’s Q on stock prices of selected 249 US public companies of different industry categories. Panel unit roots tests and cointegration tests are implemented. Next, DOLS and GMM models are estimated. Annual data for the 2004-2012 period are used for the above selected US companies. Panel unit root tests provide somewhat mixed evidence of non-stationarity of both variables. There is clear evidence of cointegration between the above variables. The negative coefficient of the error-correction term shows convergence toward long-run equilibrium, though at slow pace. The estimates also reveal shortrun net positive interactive feedback effects between the variables. Both DOLS and GMM estimates display similar picture of overvaluation of stocks in terms of upward movement in Tobin’s Q beyond 0-to-1 range. For most parts of the sample period, the US stock market was in declining mode due to heightening of economic uncertainties during the Great Recession and several years beyond. Tobin’s Q should be improved to boost stock prices. This is more of a long-run phenomenon. In the short run, both reinforce each other. The topic is unique and the existing literature on this topic is scant. Relatively new econometric techniques have been applied for estimation using panel data. The results are quite insightful, in our view.

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Fradkin, Isaac, Asher Y. Strauss, Maayan Pereg, and Jonathan D. Huppert. "Rigidly Applied Rules? Revisiting Inflexibility in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Using Multilevel Meta-Analysis." Clinical Psychological Science 6, no. 4 (March 23, 2018): 481–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702618756069.

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Several recent models of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) consider it to be a neurocognitive disorder involving inflexibility and disinhibition. Indeed, previous reviews of neuropsychological functioning in OCD suggested impaired performance in flexibility tasks. The current meta-analysis examines whether the reported differences in flexibility can be explained by general underperformance unrelated to flexibility. In addition, the role of feedback processing in inflexibility is investigated. To this end, we integrated evidence from 75 studies that compared patients with OCD with nonpsychiatric controls on at least one flexibility measure, while applying a novel approach in which task scores measuring flexibility were compared with control scores from the same tasks measuring other confounding processes. The results revealed no evidence for inflexibility in OCD, with patients’ performance most parsimoniously explained by nonspecific factors. These results challenge models stressing inflexibility as an endophenotype of OCD. Methodological implications for reviewing cognitive deficits in psychopathology are discussed.

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Mahlke, Jana, Martin Schultze, and Michael Eid. "Analysing multisource feedback with multilevel structural equation models: Pitfalls and recommendations from a simulation study." British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 72, no. 2 (January 29, 2019): 294–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bmsp.12149.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Feedback (Psychology) Econometric models'

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