Dissertations / Theses: 'Feedback (Psychology) . Cognitive science. Learning'

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Gardner, Dianne University of New South Wales/Sydney University AGSM UNSW. "The role of feedback about errors in learning a complex novel task." Awarded by:University of New South Wales/Sydney University. AGSM, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/32230.

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Two studies were undertaken in order to investigate the effect of different forms of error feedback and error framing in learning a complex novel task. The experimental task in both studies was a computer-based simulation of a group management situation. After each of the 12 trials, all participants received feedback about their performance on that trial. Participants receiving signal error feedback were also advised as to where they had made errors. Participants receiving diagnostic feedback were told how they could have achieved optimum performance on the previous trial. Learning, performance, strategy, exploration and depth of processing were measured during the task. Self-report measures of self-efficacy, self-set goals, satisfaction and intrinsic motivation were taken after the first six trials and again after all 12 trials were completed. In study 1, detailed diagnostic feedback was associated with better performance than feedback which simply signaled where an error had been made, or feedback that did not identify errors. Diagnostic feedback facilitated the development and use of effective problem-solving strategies and discouraged trial-and-error exploration of the problem space. In this research, exploration was found to be negatively associated with learning and performance. Learners??? self-efficacy moderated the effects of error feedback: learners with high self-efficacy showed high levels of performance regardless of the level of information that the feedback provided but for those with low self-efficacy, detailed diagnostic feedback was essential for the learning process. In the second study, positive error framing (error management) was investigated as a possible means of making signal error feedback more valuable in learning. However while positive error framing was associated with more exploration as expected, it also produced poorer strategies and worse performance than negative error framing (error avoidance instructions). Participants who used good learning strategies instead of exploration performed well despite impoverished feedback. Self-efficacy moderated the impact of error framing: positive error framing helped those with low self-efficacy, but for those with higher self-efficacy it was of more value to encourage error avoidance than error tolerance. The findings show important interactions between error framing, error feedback and learner characteristics.

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Van, Buskirk Wendi Lynn. "Investigating the optimal presentation of feedback in simulation-based training an application of the cognitive theory of multimedia learning." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5071.

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Finally, while I did not support my hypothesis that an interaction between all three components of feedback would affect performance, it is promising that the pattern of results mirrored the hypothesized pattern. Theoretical and practical implications, as well as limitations of the current study and directions for future research are discussed.; There are many different training interventions that can be used in simulation based training systems (e.g., cueing, hinting, highlighting, deliberate practice, etc.). However, the most widely used training intervention in the military is feedback, most often presented in the form of a debrief. With advances in technology, it is possible to measure and diagnose performance in real-time. Thus it is possible to provide immediate feedback during scenarios. However, training systems designers should not consider the timing of feedback in isolation. There are other parameters of feedback that must also be considered which may have an impact on performance. Specifically, feedback content and modality may also have an impact on the appropriate timing of feedback and its' effectiveness in simulation training environments. Moreno and Mayer (2000) propose a cognitive theory of multimedia learning which describes how instruction is perceived and processed by a trainee. Using this theoretical framework, I investigate the optimal use of feedback while considering the interaction of feedback timing, content, and modality in scenario-based training environments. In order to investigate the relationship between the timing, modality, and content of feedback, a 2 (immediate, delayed) X 2 (visual, auditory) X 2 (process, outcome) between-subjects design was used (a no feedback control condition was also included). Ninety participants were randomly assigned to the nine experimental groups. These participants performed a visual-spatial military task called the Forward Observer PC-based Simulation. Results indicated that receiving feedback was beneficial to improve performance as compared to receiving no feedback. As hypothesized, during a visual-spatial task, auditory feedback presented during a scenario led to higher performance than visual feedback.
ID: 029808925; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-123).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Psychology
Sciences

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Yoder, Ryan J. "Learning cognitive feedback specificity during training and the effect of learning for cognitive tasks." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1256155902.

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Yoder, Ryan J. "Learning Cognitive Feedback Specificity during Training and the Effect on Learning for Cognitive Tasks." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1256155902.

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Lin, Hui-Ju. "Bilingualism, feedback, cognitive capacity, and learning strategies in L3 development." Connect to Electronic Thesis (ProQuest) Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/453905362/viewonline.

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Hu, Hongzhan. "Exploring the concept of feedback with perspectives from psychology and cognitive science." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Interaktiva och kognitiva system, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-107090.

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This study explores the concept of feedback from various perspectives in psychology and cognitive science. Specifically, the theories of ecological psychology, situated and Distributed Cognition, Cognitive Systems Engineering and Embodied cognition are investigated and compared. Cognitive Systems Engineering provides a model of feedback and related constructs, to understand human behavior in complex working environments. Earlier theories such as ecological psychology, considered feedback as direct perception. Situated cognition clearly inherits ideas from ecological psychology, whereas distributed cognition provides a deeper understanding of feedback through artifact use. Cognitive Systems Engineering provides a systematic view of feedback and control. This framework is a suitable perspective to understanding feedback in human-machine settings.

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Elwin, Ebba. "Learning with selective feedback effects on performance and coding of unknown outcomes /." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-106880.

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Ritter, Samuel. "Meta-reinforcement Learning with Episodic Recall| An Integrative Theory of Reward-Driven Learning." Thesis, Princeton University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13420812.

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Research on reward-driven learning has produced and substantiated theories of model-free and model-based reinforcement learning (RL), which respectively explain how humans and animals learn reflexive habits and build prospective plans. A highly developed line of work has unearthed the role of striatal dopamine in model-free learning, while the prefrontal cortex (PFC) appears to critically subserve model-based learning. The recent theory of meta-reinforcement learning (meta-RL) explained a wide array of findings by positing that the model-free dopaminergic reward prediction error trains the recurrent prefrontal network to execute arbitrary RL algorithms—including model-based RL—in its activations.

In parallel, a nascent understanding of a third reinforcement learning system is emerging: a non-parametric system that stores memory traces of individual experiences rather than aggregate statistics. Research on such episodic learning has revealed its unmistakeable traces in human behavior, developed theory to articulate algorithms underlying that behavior, and pursued the contention that the hippocampus is centrally involved. These developments lead to a set of open questions about (1) how the neural mechanisms of episodic learning relate to those underlying incremental model-free and model-based learning and (2) how the brain arbitrates among the contributions of this abundance of valuation strategies.

This thesis extends meta-RL to provide an account for episodic learning, incremental learning, and the coordination between them. In this theory of episodic meta-RL (EMRL), episodic memory reinstates activations in the prefrontal network based on contextual similarity, after passing them through a learned gating mechanism (Chapters 1 and 2). In simulation, EMRL can solve episodic contextual water maze navigation problems and episodic contextual bandit problems, including those with Omniglot class contexts and others with compositional structure (Chapter 3). Further, EMRL reproduces episodic model-based RL and its coordination with incremental model-based RL on the episodic two-step task (Vikbladh et al., 2017; Chapter 4). Chapter 5 discusses more biologically detailed extensions to EMRL, and Chapter 6 analyzes EMRL with respect to a set of recent empirical findings. Chapter 7 discusses EMRL in the context of various topics in neuroscience.

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Ridley, Elizabeth. "Error-Related Negativity and Feedback-Related Negativity on a Reinforcement Learning Task." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3714.

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Event-related potentials play a significant role in error processing and attentional processes. Specifically, event-related negativity (ERN), feedback-related negativity (FRN), and the P300 are related to performance monitoring. The current study examined these components in relation to subjective probability, or confidence, regarding response accuracy on a complicated learning task. Results indicated that confidence ratings were not associated with any changes in ERN, FRN, or P300 amplitude. P300 amplitude did not vary according to participants’ subjective probabilities. ERN amplitude and FRN amplitude did not change throughout the task as participants learned. Future studies should consider the relationship between ERN and FRN using a learning task that is less difficult than the one employed in this study.

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Langley, Paul Andrew. "An experimental study of the impact of online cognitive feedback on performance and learning in an oil producers microworld." Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321806.

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Belavkin, Roman V. "On emotion, learning and uncertainty : a cognitive modelling approach." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13768/.

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A problem of emotion and cognition is considered within a unified theory of cognition. There is a strong case for modern cognitive models to take arousal component of emotion into account because of its significant influence on performance (e.g. the inverted-U effect). Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this effect, but they have not been integrated into cognitive architectures. Based on the analysis of the ACT-R (Anderson & Lebiere, 1998) cognitive architecture the mechanisms that can be used to model this effect are identified. Then a model of the classical Yerkes and Dodson experiment is introduced. The model matches the data by modifying several parameters, particularly noise and goal value in the conflict resolution strategy. Thus, the model supports the idea that the character of decision making changes for different arousal and motivational states. The effect of these changes on learning is analysed using information theory. In particular, randomness in behaviour due to a noise increase leads to a faster entropy reduction. Thus, noise can improve learning in the initial stage of problem exploration or upon changes in the environment. Furthermore, dynamic motivation can optimise the expenditure of effort. Therefore, emotion may play an important role in adaptation of cognitive processes. It is argued that the current conflict resolution mechanism in ACT-R does not explain the dynamics suggested by the model. A new theory and algorithm are proposed that use posterior estimation of expected costs. There are three main contributions of the thesis: 1) Ways of including the effects of emotion and motivation into cognitive models; 2) The analysis of the role of emotion in learning and intelligence; and 3) The introduction of a new machine learning algorithm suitable for applications not only in cognitive modelling, but in other areas of computer science.

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Vahie, Sankait 1968. "Dynamic neuronal ensembles: A new paradigm for learning." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290699.

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This document presents a new paradigm for learning, based on an abstraction of the mechanisms found in biological neural networks. Biologically motivated neurons, referred to as Dynamic Neurons are connected together in a knowledge-bearing topology to create Dynamic Neuronal Ensembles. The neurons are developed by first identifying key mechanisms and analyzing their computational significance. These mechanisms are then incorporated into the implementation of the dynamic neurons that make up the dynamic neuronal ensemble. While almost all these mechanisms have been studied and incorporated into the development of models of biological neurons in isolation or as subgroups, a single model incorporating these mechanisms in their computationally abstract form has not been implemented and analyzed. The motivation for this research is two-fold. Firstly, to provide biologists with a modular, flexible tool, incorporating current state-of-the-art modeling and simulation capabilities for use in hypothesis testing, development and analysis. Conversely, to provide engineers with a new paradigm for the development of adaptable, evolutionary systems capable of learning in a dynamic environment. Preliminary results of an implementation of the DNE models in DEVS are presented. A biological model of the Snail Aplysia and an application of its behavioral functionality for engineering are also demonstrated.

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Van, Vugt Floris. "Sounds on time: auditory feedback in motor learning, re-learning and over-learning of timing regularity." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00915893.

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Le feedback auditif se définit comme un signal auditif qui contient de l'information sur un mouvement. Il a été montré que le feedback auditif peut guider le mouvement en temps réel, mais son influence sur l'apprentissage moteur est moins clair. Cette thèse a pour but d'examiner l'influence du feedback auditif sur l'apprentissage moteur, en se focalisant sur le contrôle temporel des mouvements. Premièrement, nous étudions l'apprentissage moteur chez les non-musiciens sains et montrons qu'ils bénéficient de l'information temporelle contenue dans le feedback auditif et qu'ils sont sensibles aux distortions de cette information temporelle. Deuxièmement, nous appliquons ces connaissances à la rehabilitation de patients cérébro-lésés. Nous trouvons que ces patients améliorent leurs capacités de mouvement mais ne dépendent pas de la correspondance temporelle entre le mouvement et le son. Paradoxalement, ces patients ont même benéficié des distortions temporelles dans le feedback. Troisièmement, nous étudions les experts musicaux, car ils ont établi des liens particulièrement forts entre leur mouvement et le son. Nous développons de nouveaux outils d'analyse qui nous permettent de séparer les déviations temporelles en variation systématique et non-systématique. Le résultat principal est que ces experts sont devenu largement indépendents du feedback auditif. La proposition centrale de cette thèse est que le feedback auditif joue un rôle dans l'apprentissage moteur de la regularité, mais la façon dont le cerveau l'utilise dépend de la population étudiée. Ces résultats donnent une nouvelle perspective sur l'intégration audio-motrice et contribuent au développement de nouvelles approches pour l'apprentissage de la musique et la réhabilitation.

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Lado, Beatriz. "The role of bilingualism, type of feedback, and Cognitive Capacity in the acquisition of non-primary languages a computer-based study /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (ProQuest) Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2008. http://worldcat.org/oclc/436709147/viewonline.

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Salinas, Barrios Ivan Eduardo. "Embodied experiences for science learning| A cognitive linguistics exploration of middle school students' language in learning about water." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3634266.

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I investigated linguistic patterns in middle school students' writing to understand their relevant embodied experiences for learning science. Embodied experiences are those limited by the perceptual and motor constraints of the human body. Recent research indicates student understanding of science needs embodied experiences. Recent emphases of science education researchers in the practices of science suggest that students' understanding of systems and their structure, scale, size, representations, and causality are crosscutting concepts that unify all scientific disciplinary areas. To discern the relationship between linguistic patterns and embodied experiences, I relied on Cognitive Linguistics, a field within cognitive sciences that pays attention to language organization and use assuming that language reflects the human cognitive system. Particularly, I investigated the embodied experiences that 268 middle school students learning about water brought to understanding: i) systems and system structure; ii) scale, size and representations; and iii) causality. Using content analysis, I explored students' language in search of patterns regarding linguistic phenomena described within cognitive linguistics: image schemas, conceptual metaphors, event schemas, semantical roles, and force-dynamics. I found several common embodied experiences organizing students' understanding of crosscutting concepts. Perception of boundaries and change in location and perception of spatial organization in the vertical axis are relevant embodied experiences for students' understanding of systems and system structure. Direct object manipulation and perception of size with and without locomotion are relevant for understanding scale, size and representations. Direct applications of force and consequential perception of movement or change in form are relevant for understanding of causality. I discuss implications of these findings for research and science teaching.

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Pagnotta, Murillo. "Living and learning together : integrating developmental systems theory, radical embodied cognitive science, and relational thinking in the study of social learning." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16386.

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Behavioural scientists argue that ‘social learning' provides the link between biological phenomena and cultural phenomena because of its role in the ‘cultural transmission' of knowledge among individuals within and across generations. However, leading authors within the social sciences have proposed alternative ways of thinking about social life not founded on the Modern oppositions including nature-culture, biology-culture, body-mind, and individual-society. Similarly, the distinction between a domain of nature and a domain of nurture has also been extensively criticized within biology. Finally, advocates of ‘radical embodied cognitive science' offer an alternative to the representational-computational view of the mind which supports the conventional notion of culture and cultural information. This thesis attempts to integrate developmental systems theory, radical embodied cognitive science, and relational thinking, with the goal to bring the field of social learning closer to these critical theoretical developments. In Chapter 2, I find no justification for the claim that the genome carries information in the sense of specification of biological form. Chapter 3 presents a view of ontogeny as a historical, relational, constructive and contingent process. Chapter 4 uses the notions of environmental information, abilities, affordances, and intentions to make sense of behaviour and learning. In Chapter 5, I argue that the notion of social learning can be understood in terms of relational histories of development rather than in terms of transmission of information. I then report empirical studies investigating behavioural coordination and social learning consistent with this theoretical framework. Chapter 6 presents evidence that dyads in a joint making activity synchronize their attention constrained by their changing situation and that coordination of attention is predictive of implicit and explicit learning. Chapter 7 presents evidence that joint attention does not require gaze following and that attentional coordination is predictive of learning a manual task. Together, these theoretical and empirical studies suggest a new way of thinking about how humans and other animals live and learn socially, one that is consistent with critical theoretical and philosophical developments that are currently neglected in the literature on social learning.

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Graham, James T. "Development of Functional Requirements for Cognitive Motivated Machines." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1455711952.

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Miranda, David J. "Music Blocks: Design and Preliminary Evaluation of Interactive Tangible Block Games with Audio and Visual Feedback for Cognitive Assessment and Training." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1516970991068766.

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Jagodnik, Kathleen M. "Reinforcement Learning and Feedback Control for High-Level Upper-Extremity Neuroprostheses." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1395789620.

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Fasel, Ian Robert. "Learning real-time object detectors probabilistic generative approaches /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3216357.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 24, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-91).

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Passmore, Gregory. "The effects of Gowin's vee heuristic diagraming and concept mapping on meaningful learning in the radiation science classroom and laboratory /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9737850.

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Marks, Tim K. "Facing uncertainty 3D face tracking and learning with generative models /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3196545.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed February 27, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-148).

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Williams, Nadina Melina. "Cross-Cultural Study of the Predictors of Learning in Children Ages 11-15 Years Old." UNF Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/806.

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Academic achievement is deemed a significant indicator for a successful future. Cognitive ability, home environment, and metacognition are among the many factors research has posited to contribute to academic achievement and later success (Alloway & Alloway, 2010; Bradley & Caldwell, 1984, Veenman, Wilhelm, & Beishuizen, 2004). The present study examines the relation between cognitive ability (working memory (WM) and nonverbal ability), metacognitive awareness, implicit theories of IQ, home environment (socioeconomic status (SES), home life, and parental involvement in homework), and learning outcomes (grades) in two distinct sample populations. The study used a sample of 11-15-year-olds and their parents from two high schools in Carriacou, Grenada (n=50) and Lakeshore Middle School in Florida (n=38). A stepwise regression revealed that cognitive ability, implicit theories of IQ, and home environment predicted overall grades of the Grenada sample. Several differences between the two cultures emerged including what predicted their implicit theories of IQ. The present study will benefit the educational community, as the findings could provide new insight into how students’ cognitive ability, implicit theories of IQ, and home life influence learning outcomes in a developed and developing population. The practical implications suggest more effective culturally responsive educational programs for students based on their learning style and learning needs. The present study has significance with reference to Grenada, in that because of little to no research available investigating this topic it will provide a basis for subsequent research to occur.

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Thorsén, Karolina, and Anna Lindström. "Trust in human-computer relationships : Do cross country skiers have trust towards a physical intelligent tutoring system as an accurate feedback on performance?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149596.

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Trust is one of the attitudes that can affect the intentions and the behavior of a human using a system. Misusing a system can have safety- as well as economic consequences, this is why it is important that a user develops calibrated trust towards a system. In this report, the research question is: how much trust cross country skiers have towards a physical intelligent tutoring system (PITS)? Six biological males (age 24 to 50) roller skied on a mechanical treadmill and received feedback from the PITS on a TV-screen. Experience of using the PITS was evaluated with an instrument in a semi-structured interview. The instrument measured the participants overall perceived trust (OPT) for the system, and the participants were asked to further their thoughts about the statements. The data was transcribed, coded, and categorized in a thematic analysis. The result showed that a majority of the participants had low OPT for the PITS, and the thematic analysis showed that the minority with higher levels of OPT focused on the choice of an elite skier as the reference skier. One of the problems with the instrument was that it was developed for evaluation in long term usage, and not first time usage as in this study. The result of this report can be used for further development of the PITS and a reminder on why trust needs to be considered when creating user experiences.

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Husain, Ahraz. "Understanding How Developers Work on Change Tasks Using Interaction History and Eye Gaze Data." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1452160567.

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Brown, Maria D. "Does Retrieval Practice Among Medical Trainees Promote Recognition, Diagnosis and Treatment of Eating Disorders?" The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1606914020488199.

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Larsson, Sundqvist Max. "Do repeated judgments of learning lead to improved memory?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-59022.

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Judgments of Learning (JOL) that are made after a delay, instead of immediately after study, are more accurate in terms of predicting later recall (the delayed JOL effect). The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy (SFP) theory explains the delayed JOL effect as the result of a testing effect. In the current study we tested the prediction that performing delayed JOLs leads to a memory improvement. During learning, 79 participants studied Swahili-Swedish word pairs, immediately followed by a cued recall test, and then made either one single or three repeated, spaced JOLs. A final cued recall test was given after either 5 minutes or 1 week. Making repeated JOLs did not increase memory performance compared to the single JOL condition, hence lending no support to the SFP theory. However, making repeated JOLs did improve their relative accuracy, which suggests that the delayed JOL effect mainly concerns memory monitoring and not performance.

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Jennings, Michael. "Effect of Attentional Capture and Cross-Modal Interference in Multisensory Cognitive Processing." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4793.

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Despite considerable research, the effects of common types of noise on verbal and spatial information processing are still relatively unknown. Three experiments, using convenience sampling were conducted to investigate the effect of auditory interference on the cognitive performance of 24 adult men and women during the Stroop test, perception of object recognition and spatial location tasks, and the perception of object size, shape, and spatial location tasks. The data were analyzed using univariate analysis of variance and 1-way multivariate analysis of variance. The Experiment 1 findings indicated reaction time performance for gender and age group was affected by auditory interference between experimental conditions, and recognition accuracy was affected only by experimental condition. The Experiment 2a results showed reaction time performance for recognizing object features was affected by auditory interference between age groups, and recognition accuracy by experimental condition. The Experiment 2b results demonstrated reaction time performance for detecting the spatial location of objects was affected by auditory interference between age groups. In addition, reaction time was affected by the type of interference and spatial location. Further, recognition accuracy was affected by interference condition and spatial location. The Experiment 3 findings suggested reaction time performance for assessing part-whole relationships was affected by auditory interference between age groups. Further, recognition accuracy was affected by interference condition between experimental groups. This study may create social change by affecting the design of learning and workplace environments, the neurological correlates of auditory and visual stimuli, and the pathologies of adults such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

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Doan, Charles A. "Connecting Unsupervised and Supervised Categorization Behavior from a Parainformative Perspective." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1521548439515138.

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Chen, Wei. "Developing a Framework for Geographic Question Answering Systems Using GIS, Natural Language Processing, Machine Learning, and Ontologies." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1388065704.

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Rodriguez, Michael. "Learning Strategies Employed by College Aged Students with Disabilities: The Link Between Metacognition, Motivation, and Working Memory." UNF Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/856.

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The aim of this study is two-fold. First, we want to understand the levels of metacognitive awareness of learning strategies in undergraduates with learning disabilities. Previous research states that recall is the most effective method of studying, but most students prefer to reread their notes or textbook which is ineffective. Second, we want to explore the link between Working Memory and metacognitive awareness of learning strategies in undergraduates with learning disabilities. The learning strategies that college students with and without disabilities is examined, we found that students in both groups preferred the usage of the same strategies equally. The most preferred strategy was rereading notes/textbook, and least preferred was studying in groups. Interestingly, we found no differences between the groups with regards to their: motivation, metacognition, and working memory. Initially, it was found that the group of students with disabilities greatly differed in visual-spatial working memory, however, once we controlled for those who were visually-impaired or had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the results became non-significant. Gender differences in learning strategies was examined and we found that males preferred the usage of completing practice problems and the usage of mnemonic devices, whereas females preferred highlighting their notes or textbook.

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Maxfield, Marian Belle. "The Effects of Small Group Cooperation Methods and Question Strategies on Problem Solving Skills, Achievement, and Attitude during Problem-Based Learning." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1301113251.

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Park, Allison M. "Comparing the Cognitive Demand of Traditional and Reform Algebra 1 Textbooks." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/9.

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Research has shown that students achieved higher standardized test scores in mathematics and gained more positive attitudes towards mathematics after learning from reform curricula. Because these studies involve actual students and teachers, there are classroom variables that are involved in these findings (Silver and Stein, 1996; Stein et al., 1996). To understand how much these curricula by themselves contribute to higher test scores, I have studied the cognitive demand of tasks in two traditional and two reform curricula. This work required the creation of a scale to categorize tasks based on their level of cognitive demand. This scale relates to those by Stein, Schoenfeld, and Bloom. Based on this task analysis, I have found that more tasks in the reform curricula require higher cognitive demand than tasks in the traditional curricula. These findings confirm other results that posing tasks with higher cognitive demand to students can lead to higher student achievement.

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Srinivasan, Ramprakash. "Computational Models of the Production and Perception of Facial Expressions." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531239299392184.

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Black, Arianna Louise. "Evaluation of the AWARES Mentorship Program on Female Engineering Students’ Career Self-Efficacy." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587054612430114.

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McKim, Alison. "The Missing Piece: Enactment in Revealing and Redirecting Student Prior KnowledgeCan Enactment Expose Affect, Illuminate Mental Models, and Improve Assessment and Learning?" Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1428067920.

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Souza, Graziela Ferreira de. "Mapas conceituais no ensino de ciências: uma proposta para a aprendizagem significativa de conceitos científicos nos anos iniciais." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2473.

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Acompanha: Mapas conceituais no ensino de ciências: uma proposta para a aprendizagem significativa de conceitos científicos nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as contribuições do uso dos Mapas Conceituais como ferramenta potencializadora da Aprendizagem Significativa no ensino de ciências, para os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, especificamente em uma turma de 5° ano de uma escola municipal da cidade de Ponta Grossa - PR. Para de alcançar tal objetivo, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa, com enfoque qualitativo de cunho interpretativo, junto a 30 alunos dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, durante o primeiro semestre de 2016, totalizando 30 horas/aula. Para isso propôs-se o trabalho com abordagem sobre mapas conceituais e aplicaram-se atividades pedagógicas com enfoque no tema Energia, de modo a analisar o percurso de aprendizagem. Como aporte teórico para a pesquisa, foram estudados David Ausubel e Joseph Novak sobre a Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa e Mapas Conceituais, bem como pesquisadores referentes ao Ensino de Ciências e a perspectiva da Alfabetização Científica e Tecnológica. Considerando o quadro teórico estabelecido, a pesquisa de campo desenvolveu-se em duas etapas: primeiramente aplicaram-se atividades de familiarização com mapas conceituais, de modo que ao longo de 10 horas/aula os alunos pudessem conhecer os elementos constitutivos desse recurso representacional. Na segunda etapa da pesquisa elaborou-se um roteiro de atividades didático-pedagógicas, em torno do tema gerador Energia. Nessa etapa aplicou-se uma sequência de atividades pedagógicas sobre a temática, e durante o processo de ensino aprendizagem, sistematizou-se e registraram-se o percurso de aprendizagem por meio da construção de mapas conceituais. Os mapas conceituais elaborados pelos alunos durante a aplicação da segunda etapa de pesquisa compuseram a análise da aprendizagem à luz das ideias de Novak. Com base na interpretação dos dados, identificou-se a ocorrência da aprendizagem significativa em relação aos conceitos científicos estudados, com ampliação do conhecimento e sua relação com a sociedade, aspectos evidenciados na alfabetização científica. Deste modo, foi possível inferir que para o contexto estudado os mapas conceituais foram um recurso potencialmente facilitador da aprendizagem significativa, dada à sua característica de representatividade da estrutura cognitiva dos alunos durante o processo de aprendizagem. Como produto educacional oriundo deste estudo, apresenta-se como material complementar um caderno de estratégias pedagógicas para professores, resultado das análises e registros do percurso de ensinoaprendizagem vivenciados nessa pesquisa.
This current study aimed to analyze the contributions of the use of concept maps as a potential tool for the Meaningful Learning in science teaching, for the initial years of elementary school, specifically in a class of 5th grade in a municipal school of the city of Ponta Grossa, in Paraná state. To achieve the aim, was developed a qualitative research of investigative nature with 30 students from the initial years of elementary school, in the beginning of 2016, totalizing 30 hours / class. For this, was offered an approach on conceptual maps and was applied pedagogical activities with focus on the theme Energy, in order to analyze the learning course. As theoretical contribution for the research, David Ausubel and Joseph Novak were studied on Theory of Meaningful Learning and Conceptual Maps, as well as researchers related to Science Teaching and a perspective of Scientific and Technological Literacy. Whereas the established theoretical framework, a field research was developed in two phases: first, it was applied familiarization activities with conceptual maps in 10 hours / class, where the students could know the constituent elements of representational resource. In the second stage of the research, was elaborated a script of didactic-pedagogical activities, on the generator theme Energy. In this stage, was offered an instructional approach of the theme during the teaching-learning process. The learning was systematized and registered through the construction of conceptual maps. The conceptual maps were elaborated by the students during an application of the second stage of the research composed the analysis of learning in the light of Novak's ideas. Based on the interpretation of the data, it was identified the occurrence of meaningful learning of the concepts scientific studied, with an increase in the understanding and knowledge and its relationship with the society, evidenced in scientific literacy. Thus, was possible to infer that, for the context studied, conceptual maps were a potential facilitator of meaningful learning, given its characteristic of representing the cognitive structure of the students during the learning process. As an educational product from this study, it was presented in a pedagogy strategic notebook for teachers, results of the analysis and process of teaching-learning in this research.

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Atkinson, Megan E. "Move, Interact, and Connect Personally Barter Theatre’s Project REAL Gets Implicit In Order To Learn." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2510.

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Body movement, hands-on activity, embodiment, social interaction, emotions, and self-reflection allow teaching artists of Barter’s Theatre’s Project REAL to conduct a lesson with an implicit learning experience as the focus. Barter Theatre’s Project REAL exists as a theatre for education program that collaborates with regular classroom teachers on delivering the curriculum through specific theatre exercises in order to connect the material personally to the students’ lives. Theatre tools provide a human experience that enhances learning for the student by use of kinesthetic movement, social learning, emotions and interpersonal skills. To understand the effects of Barter Theatre’s Project REAL, the director and teaching artists collected interviews with teachers, administrators, and students. Teaching artists also conducted pre and post assessments and end of the semester surveys with classes. This study aims to give insight to the results of Project REAL’s pedagogy as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the program.

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Fowler, Linda D. "Comparison of Linear Functions in Middle Grades Textbooks from Singapore and the United States." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1799.

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Many U.S. students do not perform well on mathematics assessments with respect to algebra topics such as linear functions, a building-block for other functions. Poor achievement of U.S. middle school students in this topic is a problem. U.S. eighth graders have had average mathematics scores on international comparison tests such as Third International Mathematics Science Study, later known as Trends in Mathematics and Science Study, (TIMSS)-1995, -99, -03, while Singapore students have had highest average scores. U.S. eighth grade average mathematics scores improved on TIMMS-2007 and held steady onTIMMS-2011. Results from national assessments, PISA 2009 and 2012 and National Assessment of Educational Progress of 2007, 2009, and 2013, showed a lack of proficiency in algebra. Results of curriculum studies involving nations in TIMSS suggest that elementary textbooks in high-scoring countries were different than elementary textbooks and middle grades texts were different with respect to general features in the U.S. The purpose of this study was to compare treatments of linear functions in Singapore and U.S. middle grades mathematics textbooks. Results revealed features currently in textbooks. Findings should be valuable to constituencies who wish to improve U.S. mathematics achievement. Portions of eight Singapore and nine U.S. middle school student texts pertaining to linear functions were compared with respect to 22 features in three categories: (a) background features, (b) general features of problems, and (c) specific characterizations of problem practices, problem-solving competency types, and transfer of representation. Features were coded using a codebook developed by the researcher. Tallies and percentages were reported. Welch's t-tests and chi-square tests were used, respectively, to determine whether texts differed significantly for the features and if codes were independent of country. U.S. and Singapore textbooks differed in page appearance and number of pages, problems, and images. Texts were similar in problem appearance. Differences in problems related to assessment of conceptual learning. U.S. texts contained more problems requiring (a) use of definitions, (b) single computation, (c) interpreting, and (d) multiple responses. These differences may stem from cultural differences seen in attitudes toward education. Future studies should focus on density of page, spiral approach, and multiple response problems.

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Ellison, Cassandra J. "Recovery From Design." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4884.

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Through research, inquiry, and an evaluation of Recovery By Design, a ‘design therapy’ program that serves people with mental illness, substance use disorders, and developmental disabilities, it is my assertion that the practice of design has therapeutic potential and can aid in the process of recovery. To the novice, the practices of conception, shaping form, and praxis have empowering benefit especially when guided by Conditional and Transformation Design methods together with an emphasis on materiality and vernacular form.

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Gardner, Dianne. "The role of feedback about errors in learning a complex novel task /." 2003. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/public/adt-NUN20030717.142800/index.html.

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DeFalco, Jeanine Antoinette. "Examining Motivational Feedback For Sensor-Free Detected Frustration Within Game-Based Learning." Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D87W6CRV.

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Social interactions, decision-making, perceptions, and learning are all influenced by affect. Frustration, anxiety, and fear in particular can draw cognitive resources away from successful task completion, causing the learner to focus on the source of the emotion instead. Serious games offer an ideal environment to investigate how feedback influences student affect and learning outcomes, particularly when feedback is delivered via computer system detection. This dissertation discusses the results of an experiment run in September 2015 to investigate which motivational feedback condition yields the most significant correlation to positive learning gains when a computer system intelligently generates and delivers feedback based on the detection of frustration while participants played the serious video game, vMedic, a combat casualty care simulation which includes triage tasks. Of the three motivational feedback conditions examined (self-efficacy, social-identity, and control-value), the self-efficacy motivational feedback interventions yielded positive, statistically significant learning gains when compared to the social identity and control-value feedback conditions, as well as the non-motivational feedback control condition, and the no feedback control condition.

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Holden, Trudy Georgene. "Relationships among learning styles, metacognition, prior knowledge, attitude, and science achievement of grade 6 and 7 students in a guided inquiry explicit strategy instruction context." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/6332.

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"Assessing Cognitive Learning of Analytical Problem Solving." Doctoral diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.14257.

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abstract: Introductory programming courses, also known as CS1, have a specific set of expected outcomes related to the learning of the most basic and essential computational concepts in computer science (CS). However, two of the most often heard complaints in such courses are that (1) they are divorced from the reality of application and (2) they make the learning of the basic concepts tedious. The concepts introduced in CS1 courses are highly abstract and not easily comprehensible. In general, the difficulty is intrinsic to the field of computing, often described as "too mathematical or too abstract." This dissertation presents a small-scale mixed method study conducted during the fall 2009 semester of CS1 courses at Arizona State University. This study explored and assessed students' comprehension of three core computational concepts - abstraction, arrays of objects, and inheritance - in both algorithm design and problem solving. Through this investigation students' profiles were categorized based on their scores and based on their mistakes categorized into instances of five computational thinking concepts: abstraction, algorithm, scalability, linguistics, and reasoning. It was shown that even though the notion of computational thinking is not explicit in the curriculum, participants possessed and/or developed this skill through the learning and application of the CS1 core concepts. Furthermore, problem-solving experiences had a direct impact on participants' knowledge skills, explanation skills, and confidence. Implications for teaching CS1 and for future research are also considered.
Dissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. Computer Science 2011

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Menickelli, Justin. "The effectiveness of videotape feedback in sport examining cognitions in a self-controlled learning environment /." 2004. http://www.oregonpdf.org.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references. Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

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Colón-Acosta, Nirmaliz. "Learning to Code: Effects of Programming Modality in a Game-based Learning Environment." Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-y3wf-t884.

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As new introductory block-based coding applications for young students to learn basic computer science concepts, such as, loops and conditionals, continue to increase in popularity, it is necessary to consider the best method of teaching students these skills. Many of these products continue to exhibit programmatic misconceptions of these concepts and many students struggle with how to apply what they learn to a text-based format due to the difficulties with learning the syntactic structure not present in block-based programming languages. If the goal of teaching young students how to program is meant to develop a set of skills they may apply when learning more complex programming languages, then discerning how they are introduced to those practices is imperative. However, few studies have examined how the specific modality in which students are taught to program effects how they learn and what skills they develop. More specifically, research has yet to effectively investigate modality in the context of an educational coding game where the modality feature is controlled, and content is consistent throughout game-play. This is mainly due to the lack of available games with this feature designed into the application. This dissertation explores whether programming modality effects how well students can learn and transfer computer science concepts and practices from an educational programming game. I proposed that by being guided from a blocks-based to text-based programming language would instill a deeper understanding of basic computer science concepts and would support learning and improve transfer and performance on new challenging tasks. Two experimental studies facilitated game-play sessions on the developed application for this project. The first study was a 2x2 between subjects design comparing educational module (game versus basic) and programming modality (guided versus free choice). The findings from Study 1 informed the final version design for the module used in the second study where only the game module was used in order to focus the comparison between programming modality. Findings showed that students who coded using the game module performed better on a learning test. Study 2 results showed that students who are transitioned from blocks-based to text-based programming language learn basic computer science concepts with greater success than those with the free choice modality. A comparative study was conducted using quantitative data from learning measures and qualitative video data from the interviews during the challenge task of the second study. This study examined how students at the extreme levels of performance utilized the toggle switch feature during game-play and how the absence of the feature impacted how they completed the challenge task. This analysis showed two different methods of toggle switch usage being implemented by a high and low performing student. The high performing student utilized the resources more often during the challenge tasks in lieu of leveraging the toggle switch and were still able to submit high level code. Results suggest that a free choice student who uses the feature as a tool to check their prewritten code rather than a as short cut for piecing code together as blocks and submitting the text upon the final attempt. This practice leads to a shallower understanding of the basic concepts and make it extremely difficult to expand and apply that knowledge to a more difficult task. This dissertation includes five chapters: an introduction and theoretical framework, a game design framework and implementation description, two experimental investigations, and a quantitative and qualitative comparative analysis. Chapter one provides the conceptual and theoretical framework for the two experimental investigations. Chapter two describes the theory and design structure for the game developed for this dissertation work. Chapter three and four will discuss the effects of programming modality on learning outcomes. Specifically, chapter 3 focuses on implications of programming modality when determining how to implement changes for the design of the game for Study 2. Chapter five discusses a comparative analysis that investigated differing work flow patterns within the free choice condition between high and low performing students. Results from these three chapters illustrate the importance of examining this component of the computer science education process in supplemental games for middle and high school students. Additionally, this work contributes in furthering the investigation of these educational games and discusses implications for design of similar applications.

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Malkiewich, Laura Jane. "Learning and Transfer from an Engineering Design Task: The Roles of Goals, Contrasting Cases, and Focusing on Deep Structure." Thesis, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8418DHB.

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As maker spaces, engineering design curricula, and other hands-on active learning tasks become more popular in science classrooms, it is important to consider what students are intended to take away from these tasks. Many teachers use engineering design tasks as a means of teaching students more general science principles. However, few studies have explored exactly how the design of these activities can support more generalized student learning and transfer. Specifically, research has yet to sufficiently investigate the effects of task design components on the learning and transfer processes that can occur during these kinds of tasks. This dissertation explores how various task manipulations and focusing processes affect how well students can learn and transfers science concepts from an engineering design task. I hypothesized that learning goals that focus students on the deep structure of the problem, and contrasting cases that help students notice that deep structure, would aid learning and transfer. In two experimental studies, students were given an engineering design task. The first study was a 2x2 between subjects design where goal where goal (outcome or learning) and reflection (on contrasting cases or the engineering design process) were manipulated. A subsequent second study then gave all students contrasting cases to reflect on, and only the goal manipulation was manipulated. Results showed that learning goals improved student performance on a transfer task that required students to apply the deep structure to a different engineering design task. In the second study, learning goals improved student performance on a transfer test. Transfer performance in both studies was predicted by the ability to notice the deep structure during the reflection on contrasting cases, even though noticing this structure did not differ by goal condition. Students with a learning goal valued the learning resources they were given more during the engineering design activity, and this perceived value of resources was linked to greater learning. A qualitative case study analysis was then conducted using video data from the second study. This case study investigated noticing processes during the building process, partner dialogue, and resource use. This analysis showed how high transfer pairs were better able to focus on the deep structure of the problem. Results suggest that what students noticed didn’t differ much between the various pairs. However, high transfer pairs were better able to focus on the deep structure through establishing a joint understanding of the deep structure, sustaining concentration on that deep structure during the cases reflection, referencing resources to identify features to test, and then systematically testing those features to identify their relevance. These processes are discussed in relation to how they differ in low transfer pairs. This dissertation consists of four chapters: an intro, two standalone journal articles, and a conclusion. The first chapter provides a conceptual framing for the two journal articles, and discusses the findings from these articles in conversation. The second chapter describes the two empirical studies investigating how task goals and contrasting cases affect learning, and transfer from an engineering design task. The third chapter describes the comparative case study of how mechanisms of focusing on the deep structure differ between high and low transfer pairs. Finally, the fourth conclusion chapter discusses the implications of the work from both of these papers.

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Gao, Jun. "Using Different Instructional Supports to Help Students Learn Emergent Processes." Thesis, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-gz6x-wn77.

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Emergence is a fundamental concept in many modern scientific theories, but emergent processes are difficult for science learners to understand. This dissertation investigated the following research questions. First, which type of instructional support is more effective in learning emergent processes while using computer simulation: receiving explanations directly (condition RE), or self-explaining (condition SE) simulation behavior. Second, can students form emergent schema without being explicitly told? Third, do students’ misconceptions about emergent processes come from a lack of the emergent schema? This study employed a 2x2 experimental design. The main independent variable is termed Cognitive Engagement, with two levels: high engagement (condition SE) versus low engagement (condition RE). The second independent variable is termed Schema, with two levels: comparing attributes of emergent and direct processes with examples (condition DES) versus only showing examples without mentioning any attributes (condition DEX). To address the first question, a pilot study was conducted among students at a U.S. graduate school of education. High-prior-knowledge participants were defined as those reporting that they had learned diffusion before. Low-prior-knowledge participants were defined as participants reporting they had never learned diffusion before. The results showed that both high-prior-knowledge and low-prior-knowledge participants who self-explained (SE) performed significantly better than those who received explanations (RE) in explaining the causal structure underlying emergent processes. To better understand which instructional support (RE versus SE) is more effective, the main dissertation study was conducted among Chinese middle school students in a classroom study. The students showed no knowledge of emergent processes before learning and were all considered as low-prior-knowledge participants. Contrary to the results of the pilot study, participants who received explanations (RE) performed significantly better than those who self-explained (SE) in understanding near transfer about diffusion and explaining the causal structure underlying emergent processes. These results might come from the differences in working memory across age, or from cultural differences surrounding the value of received instruction versus self-explanations. Regarding the second research question, middle school students who were only instructed in examples (DEX) improved significantly in understanding basic knowledge and near transfer about diffusion. Though not significantly, students in condition RE – DEX, where participants were only instructed in examples and read explanations, improved in understanding the causal structure underlying emergent processes at the posttest. These results suggested that students can form some knowledge of the emergent schema without being explicitly told. Regarding the third research question, middle school students who were instructed in the direct and emergent schema (DES) performed significantly better than those who were only instructed in examples (DEX) in understanding the basic knowledge, near transfer, and far transfer about diffusion, and explaining the causal structure underlying emergent processes. These results suggested that some misconceptions about emergent processes come from a lack of the emergent schema. However, participants in all conditions showed no difference in the categorization of the two processes. Participants more frequently mentioned emergent attributes in an example that had very similar surface characteristics with the emergent example shown in the DES condition. However, no one mentioned emergent attributes in the example that had very similar surface characteristics with the direct example shown in the DES condition. This result suggests that some misconceptions stem from difficulties participants have in correctly categorizing processes as having emergent properties or not.

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"Differences That Make A Difference: A Study In Collaborative Learning." Doctoral diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.14803.

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abstract: Collaborative learning is a common teaching strategy in classrooms across age groups and content areas. It is important to measure and understand the cognitive process involved during collaboration to improve teaching methods involving interactive activities. This research attempted to answer the question: why do students learn more in collaborative settings? Using three measurement tools, 142 participants from seven different biology courses at a community college and at a university were tested before and after collaborating about the biological process of natural selection. Three factors were analyzed to measure their effect on learning at the individual level and the group level. The three factors were: difference in prior knowledge, sex and religious beliefs. Gender and religious beliefs both had a significant effect on post-test scores.
Dissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. Curriculum and Instruction 2012

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50

Reynolds, Jenni. "Investigating the effectiveness of multimedia presentation in reducing cognitive load for physical science learners." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6053.

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The purpose of the research was to investigate the effectiveness of using multimedia as a means of teaching physical science to learners. The underlying theoretical assumption was that a multimedia presentation would help to reduce the cognitive load experienced by learners when they learn physical science content, compared to a traditional mode of presentation, and that this reduction may have a positive effect on the ease with which they master the content. Physical science learners in Grade 11 viewed a presentation consisting of multimedia screens and screens depicting the learning content in a traditional layout – in order to compare the level of knowledge gained as well as the cognitive load experienced for the multimedia and traditional instructions. Pre- and post-test questionnaires were used to determine the knowledge gained, while cognitive load was measured using a dual-task methodology. A multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyse the data. The results did not reveal a statistically significant increase in knowledge gained via the multimedia approach when compared to the traditional mode of instruction, but when focussing the analysis on learners with a lower-knowledge base in physical science though, statistically significant results were found. However, no significant results were found to support the hypothesis that multimedia would help to reduce learners’ cognitive load. It was concluded that the multimedia design principles are more effective in increasing knowledge for physical science learners of low-knowledge than traditional instructional designs.
Psychology
M.Sc. (Psychology)

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Feedback (Psychology) . Cognitive science. Learning'

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