Relevant bibliographies by topics / Feed

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Feed'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Feed"

1

Lira, Rosa Cavalcante, Carlos Bôa-Viagem Rabello, Paulo Vanderlei Ferreira, Geraldo Roberto Quintão Lana, Jorge Vitor Lüdke, and Wilson Moreira Dutra Junior. "Inclusion of guava wastes in feed for broiler chickens." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 38, no. 12 (December 2009): 2401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982009001200016.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of including guava wastes in the feed on the performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens. An experiment was carried out with 300 male Cobb strain chicks, in a randomized complete design with five levels of waste and five replications. A reference diet based on corn and soybean meal and four feeds with 3, 6, 9 or 12% guava waste were evaluated. The feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion were assessed weekly; the weight at slaughter and the weight and yield of eviscerated carcass, carcass without feet and head, breast, drumstick, thigh, wing, back, edible viscera and abdominal fat were assessed. The inclusion of guava waste in the feed promotes performance and carcass yield similar to that obtained with the feed based on corn and soybean meal, therefore this agro-industrial by-product can be used at levels of up to 12% in feeds for broiler chickens.
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Hakim, Aulia Rizaldi Hafiz, Bambang Hartoyo, Sri Rahayu, Elly Tugiyanti, and Munasik Munasik. "Supplementation of Biopeptide from Chicken Feet to the Immune System and Growth of Broiler Chicken." Buletin Peternakan 47, no. 2 (May 24, 2023): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v47i2.82452.

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The safety of poultry products, especially broiler chickens, can be stated to be relatively low. Antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) is used to improve chicken performance and maintain immunity. The ban on the use of AGP triggers the innovation of other materials to replace the function of AGP. Biopeptide is a solution that can be used. Biopeptides can be made from materials with a high protein content, for example, waste from chicken slaughterhouses. The waste that can be used is chicken feet, biopeptides produced from hydrolytic proteins have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. These properties can improve the performance and immune system of broiler chickens. The aim of the study was to examine the supplementation of biopeptides from chicken feet on the immune system (total Escherichia coli and internal organ) and the growth of broiler chickens. The research material was 200 day old chickens of broiler strain cobb unsex, which were reared for 42 days of the rearing period. The treatment feeds were P0: basal feed, P1 basal feed + 2% biopeptide, P2: basal feed + 4% biopeptide, P3: basal feed + 6% biopeptide. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance with the Tukey test (BNJ). The results showed that biopeptide supplementation from chicken feet had a significant (P<0.05) effect on total Escherichia coli, spleen weight, bursa of Fabricius weight, body weight gain, and feed efficiency for broiler chickens. However, the results of the study had no significant effect (P>0.05) on liver weight and Avian Influenza antibody titers for broiler chickens. Biopeptide supplementation from chicken feet can reduce total Escherichia coli, and spleen weight, and increase the bursa of Fabricius weight, body weight gain, and feed efficiency for broiler chickens. Biopeptide supplementation from chicken feet of 6% gave the best results in body weight gain and feed efficiency.
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OMG, Abu. "Assessment of Growth Performance and Survival of Clarias gariepinus Larvae Fed with Live Feed (Acartia tonsa) and Commercial Feed (Artemia)." Open Access Journal of Agricultural Research 8, no. 4 (2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajar-16000326.

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Investigation was done in the growth performance and survival of catfish larvae using five treatments at the hatchery unit of the Department of Fisheries, University of Port Harcourt. The treatments were T1 (50% Acartia and 50% Artemia) T2 (25 Acartia and 75 Artemia) T3 (75 Acartia and 25 Artemia), T4 (100% Acartia) and control (100% Artemia). They were applied in triplicate. 200 larvae were transferred to 15 experimental tanks after their exogenous feeding, and the application of treatments (feed) started 12 hours after stocking. Feeding was done three times a day at 7am, 1pm and 7pm. At the end of the experiment which lasted for 15 days, control (0.135g±0.173) and T2 had the highest weight gain (0.033g±0.0022) while T4 (0.022g±0.002) had the least. The highest in length gain was in T2 (1.0838cm±0.0578) while T4 (0.906a cm±0.130) had the least. For survival rate control (75.50% ±2.2039) and T2 (75.40%a ±1.250) were the highest while T4 (39.625%a ±3.148) was the least the values for the specific growth rate shows that T2 had the best performance while control had the least. From the research findings Treatment two (25% Acartia and 75% Artemia) and treatment three (
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Jackson, Dorothy A., Stella M. Imong, A. Silprasert, S. Ruckphaopunt, M. W. Woolridge, J. D. Baum, and K. Amatayakul. "Circadian variation in fat concentration of breast-milk in a rural northern Thai population." British Journal of Nutrition 59, no. 3 (May 1988): 349–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19880044.

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1. Twenty-five northern Thai mothers, breast-feeding their infants on demand, were studied in their homes for 24 h. All breast-feeds were test-weighed and pre- and post-feed expressed breast-milk samples (0·5 ml) taken at each feed.2. The fat concentration of milk taken during a feed showed significant circadian variation, with maximum values between 16.00 and 20.00 hours and minimum values between 04.00 and 08.00 hours. Fat concentration at the start and at the end of a feed also varied significantly over 24 h.3. Multiple regression analysis showed that the most important predictor of fat concentration at a feed was the length of time elapsed since the previous feed – the longer this interval, the lower the subsequent fat concentration. Other significant predictors were the fat concentration at the end of the previous feed, and the milk intake at the previous and at the current feed.4. Fat concentration declined between feeds in proportion to the length of time between feeds, but the decline was less between sleep feeds than between waking feeds. This would appear to be a reflection of the lower post-feed fat concentration and higher pre-feed fat concentration of sleep feeds compared with waking feeds, when other variables relating to feeding pattern are taken into account.5. The larger the milk intake at a feed, the greater was the increase in fat concentration from the start to the end of the feed. The change in fat concentration was less in feeds taking place during the sleep period than in daytime feeds.
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Schingoethe, David J. "Byproduct Feeds: Feed Analysis and Interpretation." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 7, no. 2 (July 1991): 577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30787-8.

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Liermann, Wendy, Mandy Bochnia, Andreas Berk, Verena Böschen, Liane Hüther, Annette Zeyner, and Sven Dänicke. "Effects of Feed Particle Size and Hydro-Thermal Processing Methods on Starch Modification, Nutrient Digestibility and the Performance and the Gastrointestinal Tract of Broilers." Animals 9, no. 6 (May 30, 2019): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9060294.

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Influences of feed particle size (coarse, fine) and hydro-thermal processing methods (HTPM) (without–non-compacted feed, pelleting, expanding and pelleting) on feeding value and the performance and digestive tract of 624 broilers were studied. HTPM increased the starch disintegration of feed. Starch disintegration and electron microscopy indicated the highest degree of starch modification in expanded and pelleted feed. HTPM affected ether extract digestibility (p < 0.05). A grinding-by-HTPM interaction was found in case of crude protein digestibility (p = 0.008). Non-compacted feed reduced daily feed intake (DFI) and body weight gain and increased the feed to gain ratio compared to compacted feeds (p < 0.001). Compacted feeds increased proventricular size and the risk of Isthmus gastrici dilatation compared to coarsely ground non-compacted feed, except for finely ground expanded and pelleted feed. Finely ground feed reduced proventricular weights compared to coarsely ground feed and pelleted feed compared to other feeds. Non-compacted feed increased gizzard weights compared to compacted feeds. Relationships between proventricular size and Isthmus gastrici dilatation and the DFI were detected. Summarizing, the beneficial effects of pelleted feed were mainly based on the reduction of feed wastage and selection. However, the high DFI caused by pellet feeding is also a main risk factor for proventricular dilatation.
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Munguti, Jonathan, Hannington Odame, James Kirimi, Kevin Obiero, Erick Ogello, and David Liti. "Fish feeds and feed management practices in the Kenyan aquaculture sector: Challenges and opportunities." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 24, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.024.01.12.

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Abstract Feeds and feed management practices are key to the development of the aquaculture sector. To achieve high levels of aquaculture production, fish farmers need nutritionally adequate and cost-effective feeds, which are coupled with good feed management practices. Access to high quality and cost-effective feeds is one of the prerequisites to successful fish farming. This paper reviews the current status of the Kenyan fish feed industry and feed management practices. The review includes constraints and opportunities in fish feeds from a farmer’s perspective. The review shows that the fish feed industry has been boosted by the development of fish feed standards, which has ensured access to high-quality fish feeds by all farmers. Feed management practices considerably impact on the economic performance in fish production. Thus, adopting appropriate feed management technologies and feeding strategies is instrumental in maximizing aquaculture productivity. Some of the major challenges faced by fish farmers in the feed sector including limited access to finance, lack of appropriate technical innovations, limited knowledge in feed formulation and processing and poor feed handling and storage are discussed. These challenges pose limitation in investment opportunities for a viable and sustainable fish feed processing and manufacturing to meet the rising demand occasioned by increased demand for fish food in Kenya. There is a huge potential to develop public-private partnerships with farmer groups to improve access to training and information dissemination on feeds availability and quality. Training fish farmers on feed formulation using locally available feed ingredients provide an opportunity to reduce feed costs, increase feeding efficiency and improve profitability. This paper reviews the current status of the Kenyan fish feed industry and feed management practices including constraints and opportunities from a farmer’s perspective.
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Ogbu, Cosmas Chikezie, Chuka Ezema, and John O. Okoye. "Prevalence of Escherichia coli in retail poultry feeds in Southeastern Nigeria." Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine 8, no. 2 (April 30, 2023): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2023.363.

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Poultry feed manufacturing and distribution are confronted with feed microbial quality challenges arising from disease outbreaks traceable to contaminated feeds. Lack of feed biosecurity measures at sales depots, exposure of feeds for retailing, and unhygienic handling compromise the microbial quality of feeds. Feed could hence become a source of pathogenic microbes to poultry and humans. This study evaluated the prevalence of Escherichia coli in retail poultry feeds in three States of Southeastern Nigeria using a purposive sampling method. A total of 389 feed samples were collected from four feed types (broiler finisher, broiler starter, chick grower, and layer ration) belonging to 11 feed brands (coded A to K) from retail outlets in Umuahia (Abia State), Abakaliki (Ebonyi State) and Enugu (Enugu State) for the study. Escherichia coli was isolated from some of the feed samples following standard laboratory procedures. Samples from Abia were the most bacterial and E. coli positive (87.7 and 74.6%, respectively) while feed brands G and F (100%, respectively) followed by J and A (80.7 and 72.7%, respectively) were the most contaminated. No bacterial contaminant was detected in brand D while layer ration was the most contaminated feed type (76.8%). The source of samples was significantly related to the frequency of bacterial contamination (χ2: 68.473, p < 0.000 for State; and χ2: 92.765, p < 0.000 for feed brand). Feed brand and feed type did not affect E. coli colony count but colony counts were higher than the permissible level for coliforms in feeds, and values reported for feeds in intact bags. In conclusion, exposing feeds for retailing compromises feed microbial quality. Graded bagging of retail quantities would help to preserve the microbial quality of poultry feeds from factory to farm.
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Yahaya, I., Y. Ndatsu, A. Yunusa, A. I. Musa, A. Uthman, M. Amina, M. Khadijah, H. Abdulkarim, and I. Obewa. "Proximate, Electrolyte and Biochemical Profile of Rabbits Fed with Tridax procumbens Residue Meal in Replacement of Vitamins and Minerals in Lapai Niger state Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 27, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i2.24.

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Proximate, electrolyte and biochemical profile of rabbits fed with Tridax residue meal replacing Vitamin and Mineral were evaluated in Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria using standard techniques. The dietary treatments evaluated were 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 0% inclusion level of Tridax. The results obtained did not follow any pattern except Urea, Globulin and Creatinine which had significant (P<0.05) decrease in the serum biochemical profile. The highest value for crude fat was seen in feed3 with value of 11.33±0.30 and the lowest was recorded in the control feed with value of 10.38±0.21. There was no significant difference in crude protein between feeds 1 and 2 with values of 58.13±0.15 and 56.13±0. 15 but feeds feeds3, 4 and the control feed showed significant difference at (P<0.05) The result of Chloride shows no significant differences (P<0.05) in feeds1, 2 and 3, with values of 7.26±0.96, 7.25 ±3.74 and 7.55±4.81 also feeds4 and the control feed shows no significant difference with values of 6.55±2.67 and 6.46 ± 0.96 but there is significant difference between feeds1, 2, 3 and feeds4 and control feed. The prepared feed supplemented with 20 and 40% Tridax is promising compared to others, hence could be used as a supplement in the feed of rabbit which can be consumed in place of red meat. Also the low cholesterol level in the feeds makes it idle for people with cardiovascular related problem. Thus, the cost of production of feed can be reduced using Tridax plant as a substitute for Vitamin and mineral premix. It is recommended that further studies on the optimum level of inclusion of Tridax plant to be established.
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Toppo, Narayon, Md Masud Rana, Md Mamunur Rahman, and Md Sazzad Hossain. "Study on proximate composition and nutritional quality of some farm made fish feed collected from Muktagacha, Trishal and Phulpur upazila in Mymensingh district." Asian-Australasian Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aajbb.v2i1.64040.

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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the feed quality of farm made feed from three upazila of Mymensingh district for four months from July to October, 2015. Fish feed samples were collected from various farms at Muktagacha, Phulpur and Trishal upazila of Mymensingh district. Total 30 feed samples were analyzed to determine the proximate composition and quality of farm made feed. Only one feed sample (F- 27) contains less than 12% moisture found in Trishal upazila. Maximum moisture value (24.53%) was found in feed sample F-13 in Phulpur upazila which indicated that this feed is poor quality compared to others. These may due to lack of maintenance at processing and may be due to improper storage system. Only four feeds were found having more than 25% protein. The analyzed crude protein contents of fish feed varied from 10.85 to 27.30%. The highest protein content was observed in feed (F-20) (27.30%) and the lowest was found in 10.85% in feed (F-22). The mean crude lipid values of the analyzed fish feeds varied from 5.79 to 22.95%. Highest lipid content was observed in 22.95% in feed (F-19). The analyzed mean ash content of fish feeds varied from 8.41 to 20.99%. The fiber content was observed within 4.35-8.20%. Ash content of feed (F-22) was found higher (20.99%) than other feeds. The analyzed nitrogen free extract (soluble carbohydrate) content of farm made fish feeds varied from 18.62 to 43.25%. The highest nitrogen free extract containing feed (F-25) having 43.25% NFE. The findings of this study demonstrated that low quality feeds and ingredients were supplied to the fish farmers by majority of feed traders and the farms with few exceptions were bound to use those ingredients due to their manufacture constraints. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2017, 2 (1), 1-8
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Feed"

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Persaud, Pooran. "Genetic aspects of yield, feed intake and feed efficiency in dairy cattle fed ad libitum." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15633.

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Milk production, feed intake, and liveweight records were available on individual animals from a high yielding Holstein-Friesian herd in which selection had been practised on fat plus protein yield using nationally available AI sires. Unlike most other studies, animals were fed ad libitum thus making this data ideal for investigating genetic relationships. In total, the data comprised 475 26-week and 293 38-week (a subset of the 26-week data) lactation records. The relationship between sires and maternal grandsire's transmitting ability (ICC), expressed as a pedigree index (sire ICC + 0.5 maternal grandsire ICC), and offspring performance for milk production traits, feed intake, and gross efficiency (milk energy (MJ)/total intake (MJ)) was investigated. Regressions of fat plus protein yield, fat yield, protein yield, and milk yield, of heifers, on their corresponding pedigree index were not far from the theoretical expectation (for a full lactation) of 1. A genetic increase of 10% in fat plus protein yield of daughters of sires of high genetic merit for fat plus protein yield was accompanied by a genetic increase of 2.0% in feed intake and a 7.9% genetic increase in efficiency. The genetic relationships among milk production, feed intake, feed efficiency and liveweight traits were investigated. Restricted Maximum Likelihood analyses were carried out, fitting an Animal Model, with repeat lactations as an additional random effect. Univariate analyses were done after approximate canonical transformation of the traits. Heritability estimates for fat plus protein yield, feed efficiency and feed intake ranged from 0.45±0.22 to 0.15±0.12, 0.48±0.21 to 0.13±0.09, and 0.52±0.14 to 0.30±0.15, respectively. Genetic correlations between milk production traits and efficiency were generally less than 0.65. Genetic correlations between liveweight traits and efficiency were very high and negative. The results indicate that when selection is on yield, the correlated responses in efficiency may be smaller under ad libitum feeding, compared with published values where cows were fed according to yield. Including liveweight in the selection criterion may give higher responses in efficiency compared to selection on yield alone. In nucleus schemes (based on Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer) it may be worthwhile to include feed intake or efficiency directly in the selection criteria.
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Aquise, Pilco Erick Giovanny, Martinez Valerie Giannina Cucchi, Lázaro Carolina Merly Congora, De Souza Brunela Peñaflor, and Cespedes Diana Cesia Rios. "Outfit Feed." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656992.

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En este proyecto se detectó el gran problema que tienen la mayoría de mujeres que no cuentan con el tiempo y la orientación necesaria para portar una vestimenta adecuada que vaya acorde con el tipo de ocasión requerida, es decir, vestimentas para una situación formal, casual o deportiva, pero siempre considerando una buena combinación de prendas. Es por eso que se realizó una investigación para conocer las causas, motivos y el público al cual dirigirnos para poder ofrecerles una solución mediante el desarrollo de una aplicación, llamada Outfit Feed, donde se orienten a las mujeres sobre una perfecta combinación de prendas que vaya acorde con sus gustos, preferencias y características físicas. Del mismo modo, para conocer un poco más acerca del problema principal, se realizaron entrevistas directas con mujeres que se encuentren en esa situación y además, con expertos en la industria de moda, para que nos brinden sus conocimientos y nos cuenten experiencias, las cuales se pueden tomar como referencia para desarrollar un buen tema de investigación. Asimismo, se desarrolló el value proposition canvas, que permitió establecer detalladamente el perfil del cliente, los cuales son mujeres que cuentan con estilos de vida sofisticados y modernos, se encuentran en un rango de edad entre 18 y 30 años y pertenecen al nivel socioeconómico A, B y C, también, tienen inclinación por la vida laboral y algunas de ella son estudiantes universitarias, Luego de ello, se estableció un mapa de valor y se cuadró un encaje entre problema y mercado para luego elaborar el business model canvas del giro del negocio, lo que posibilitó conocer cada cuadrante y lograr reconocer nuestra ventaja competitiva que nos diferencie de la competencia. Posterior a ello, se comenzó a validar la solución que se encontró frente a nuestro problema principal mediante la elaboración de dos experimentos para la validación de la técnica de solución y dos más para la experiencia de usuario. En las cuales, se obtuvo, grandes hallazgos, aprendizajes y finalmente una interpretación de resultados. Asimismo, se validó el modelo del negocio, es decir, se desarrolló un experimento por cada cuadrante de nuestro business model canvas y de la misma forma se obtuvo hallazgos, aprendizajes, interpretación de resultados y los sustentos de cada experimento. Luego de ello, al identificar las cosas por mejorar, se desarrolló la validación de interés de compra, mediante la elaboración de un plan Concierge, que nos asegure que el usuario cierre el proceso de compra y descargue nuestra aplicación Outfit Feed para satisfacer su necesidad. Es por este motivo que se realizaron 4 experimentos de compra que nos permitió entender al consumidor, entablar una relación y comunicación más cercana y personalizada y además, seguimiento al usuario con respecto a sus preferencias de vestimenta. Finalmente, se elaboró el plan financiero, lo cual es indispensable tomar en cuenta para la implementación de un negocio de manera virtual, en el cual se consideró una proyección de ventas por 3 años, la elaboración de un presupuesto, los futuros ingresos y egresos, el flujo de caja y por último, los indicadores financieros que permitirán evaluar el rumbo del negocio.
In this project we detected the great problem that most women have that they do not have the time and the necessary orientation to wear a suitable outfit that goes according to the type of occasion required, that is, clothes for a formal, casual or sporty situation, but always considering a good combination of garments. That is why we conducted an investigation to know the causes, reasons and the public to offer a solution through the development of an application, called Outfit Feed, where women are guided on a perfect combination of clothes that goes according to their tastes, preferences and physical characteristics. Similarly, to learn more about the main problem, direct interviews were conducted with women who are in that situation and also with experts in the fashion industry, to provide us with their knowledge and experiences, which can be taken as a reference to develop a good research topic. Also, the value proposition canvas was developed, which allowed us to establish in detail the customer profile, which are women who have sophisticated and modern lifestyles, are in an age range between 18 and 30 years and belong to the socioeconomic level A, B and C, also, After that, a value map was established and a fit between the problem and the market was established in order to elaborate the business model canvas of the business line, which made it possible to know each quadrant and recognize our competitive advantage that differentiates us from the competition. After that, we began to validate the solution found to our main problem through the development of two experiments for the validation of the solution technique and two more for the user experience. In these experiments, we obtained major findings, lessons learned and finally an interpretation of the results. Likewise, the business model was validated, that is to say, an experiment was developed for each quadrant of our business model canvas and in the same way we obtained findings, learnings, interpretation of results and the support of each experiment. After that, after identifying the things to improve, we developed the validation of purchase interest, through the development of a Concierge plan, which ensures that the user closes the purchase process and downloads our Outfit Feed application to satisfy his need. For this reason, 4 purchase experiments were carried out, which allowed us to understand the consumer, establish a closer and more personalized relationship and communication, and also to follow up with the user regarding their clothing preferences. Finally, a financial plan was elaborated, which is essential to take into account for the implementation of a virtual business, in which a 3-year sales projection was considered, the elaboration of a budget, future income and expenses, the cash flow and finally, the financial indicators that will allow us to evaluate the course of the business.
Trabajo de investigación
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3

Gregoire, Andre Maurice. "Manga Feed." Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36219.

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Master of Science
Department of Computer Science
Mitchell L. Neilsen
Mobile technology has advanced significantly in the last decade, devices have gotten smaller and much more powerful. Because mobile devices are so accessible, they have spread everywhere and are used extensively by an immense portion of the population for various tasks. Mobile devices are no longer a means to just communicate with another person, you can use them to take pictures, scan documents, create a Wi-Fi hotspot, or just be entertained. E-Readers have been around for a while and implemented as a source of entertainment on many mobile platforms. However very few e-readers for Manga, which is a type of comic book, have been developed. Manga Feed, built on the Android platform, strives to help fill this void by providing a clean and simple to user interface for users to enjoy reading on the go. There are thousands of manga of various genres made available to users, offering entertainment to any individual interested in manga.
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Van, Biljon Nicolaas Johannes. "The effect of feed processing and feed texture on bodyweight, feed conversion and mortality in male broilers." Diss., Electronic thesis, 2001. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03232005-133235/.

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Thomas, Amanda Shaw. "An Assessment of Two Feed Additives to Improve Feed Utilization in Pigs." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/39.

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Three experiments were conducted to assess the efficacy of including selected feed additives in the diet of weaning and grow-finish pigs. Experiment 1 utilized 24 crossbred grow-finish pigs and measured the effect of added EHY on DM, N, and energy digestibility. There were no differences in DM, Energy, and N digestibility between diets 1 through 4. Experiment 2 utilized a total of 36 crossbred pigs [18 barrows, 18 gilts] in order to determine if preference would be shown when presented with naturally-contaminated corn. There were three dietary comparisons, Control vs Diet 2 (Comparison 1), Control vs Diet 4 (Comparison 2), and Diet 2 vs Diet 4 (Comparison 3). A preference was shown for the control diet over Diet 2, as well as for the control diet over Diet 4. Experiment 3 utilized a total of 24 crossbred pigs [12 barrows, 12 gilts] in order to measure the effect of contaminated corn on performance and DM, energy, and N digestibility. DM, energy, and N digestibility were affected by corn quality.
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Smith, Shannon Nicole. "Residual feed intake of Angus cattle divergently selected for feed conversion ratio." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1229619401.

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Tsang, Tat-Kin. "Tube feed or not tube feed is tube feeding a medical treatment? /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.

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Pugh, Jamie A. "Prediction of optimal rumen degradable protein levels in no-roughage, corn-based feedlot diets." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6277.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on January 16, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Poore, Matthew H. (Matthew Henry) 1959. "RUMEN PASSAGE RATES AND FIBER DIGESTIBILITIES FOR WHEAT STRAW, ALFALFA HAY AND FLAKED SORGHUM GRAIN IN MIXED DIETS FOR STEERS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276423.

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10

Crots, Frans (Francois Engelbertus). "The effect of feed processing techniques on weanling piglet performance." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53106.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Starch is the main component of cereal grains and is usually the primary energy source for pigs and poultry. Feed manufacturing can adopt several measures, including physical treatments such as milling or pelleting and other techniques, such as enzyme treatment, to disrupt cell structure. Grinding and pelleting are the most common food processing methods used for pigs. However, pelleting of complete balanced feeds is no longer such an economical proposition due to rising energy and equipment costs; therefore this cost has to be outweighed by an increased production efficiency. It has been known for many years that grinding is an essential prerequisite for the satisfactory blending of the ingredients of a multi-component food. Feed cost represents the major item in the cost of animal production. Without doubt, research and production efforts will continue to refine feed processing techniques to reduce the cost of feed and to increase the value of feed for a target animal. The possibilities for improvements in feed are endless; however the cost of each innovation must be carefully weighed against demonstrated improvements in animal performance. Experiment 1: The effect of feed processing techniques on weanling pig growth-performance The effects of processing of the carbohydrate source and the feed on growth performance of commercial Landrace x Large White piglets (n=480) weaned at 28 ± 2 d were investigated. Two processing combinations of the carbohydrate source were used with 3 processing conditions of the diet in a 2 x 3 factorial design. The pigs were blocked by weight (7.196 ± 2.03 kg BW) and then allotted randomly to 1 of 6 dietary treatments. Ten pens of 8 piglets each were fed with each dietary treatment. The two main processing conditions of the carbohydrate source were raw or extruded maize and the 3 processing conditions of the diet was meal or pelleted or extruded. No carbohydrate processing x diet processing interactions were observed (P > 0.05) for ADG, ADFI or FeR. In this experiment, extrusion of the maize led to an significant decrease in FeR efficiency (P < 0.05) (1.57 vs. 1.42) when compared to a raw maize diet. Pelleting a diet had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on ADG but tended to decrease ADFI (P < 0.07) and significantly improve FeR efficiency (1.49 vs. 1.66) when compared to a meal diet. Extruding the whole diet did not have any significant (P > 0.05) effect on ADG but tended to decrease ADFI (P < 0.07) and gave an significant improvement in FeR when compared to a meal diet (1.34 vs. 1.66). This processing technique also gave a significant improvement (P < 0.01) in FeR when compared to a pelleted diet (1.34 vs. 1.49). Experiment 2: The effect of pig feed processing conditions on pig metabolism parameters The effects of processing of the carbohydrate source and the diet on certain metabolism and production parameters of commercial Landrace x Large White pigs (n=24) were investigated. Two processing combinations of the carbohydrate source were used with 3 processing combinations in a 2 x 3 factorial design. Six diets were formulated on an iso-nutrient basis (14.48 MJ/kg metabolizable energy (ME), 23.01 crude protein (CP), 1.092% lysine, 0.742% methionine and cystine and 0.271% tryptophan on a DM basis). The pigs were blocked by weight (26.02 ± 0.25 kg BW) and then allotted randomly to I of 6 dietary treatments. The carbohydrate source was raw or extruded maize and the diets was meal or pelleted or extruded. No carbohydrate processing x diet feed form interactions were observed (P > 0.05) for dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestible energy (DE), Nitrogen (N) or dry matter intake (DMI). In a metabolism and nitrogen (N) balance study, apparent N digestibility, digestible energy and metabolizable energy contents were found not to be significantly (P > 0.05) influenced by carbohydrate or diet processing.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Stysel is die hoof komponent in grane en is gewoonlik die primêre verskaffer van energie vir varke en pluimvee. Voermeulens kan verskeie metodes implementeer, insluitend fisiese behandeling soos bv. maal, verpilling en ensiem behandelings, om sel struktuur te verander. Maal en verpilling is die mees algemene prosessering metodes wat vir varkvoer gebruik word. Maar, verpilling van totaal geballanseerde voere is nie meer so ekonomies geregverdig nie as gevolg van stygende energie en masjinerie koste. Daarom moet die koste van voervervaardiging oorbrug word deur 'n verhoogde produksiedoeltreffendheid. Dit is al lankal bekend dat maal 'n voorvereiste is vir effektiewe vermenging van grondstowwe van 'n multi-komponent voer. Voerkoste verteenwoordig die hoof item van die koste van intesiewe diereproduksie. Voedingskudiges sal sonder twyfel voortgaan om voerprosessering te verfyn om so die koste van die rantsoen te verlaag en om die waarde van die rantsoen te verhoog vir die dier. Die moontlikhede is veelvuldig, maar die koste van elke ontwikkeling moet opgeweeg word teen verhoogde diereproduksie. Eksperiment 1: Die effek van voerprosesserings-tegnieke op speenvark groei en produksie 'n Proef is uitgevoer om die prosesseringseffek van 'n koolhidraat bron en voer op die groei van Landras x Groot Wit speenvarke (n=480) wat gespeen is op 28 ± 2 d te bepaal. Twee prosesserings-kombinasies van die koolhidraat bron en drie prosesserings-kondisies van die dieet is in 'n 2 x 3 faktoriaal ontwerp uitgevoer. Die varkies is geblok volgens massa (oorspronklik 7.196 kg ± 2 kg) en toe ewekansig in I van 6 dieët behandelings ingedeel. Die proefdiëte is vir lO hokke varkies gevoer, elke hok het 8 varkies in gehad. Die twee hoof prosesserings-kondisies van die koolhidraat bron was rou of gaar mielies en die drie prosesserings-kondisies van die dieët was meelof gaar of geëkstrueer. Geen koolhidraat prosesserings x dieët prosesserings interaksie van die dieët was opgemerk (P > 0.05) vir gemiddelde daaglikse toename (GOT), gemiddelde daaglikse voer inname (GDVI) of voer omset doeltreffendheid (VOD) nie. In die eksperiment was die VOD van die geëkstrueerde mielie dieët, statisties betekenisvol laer (P < 0.05) (1.57 vs.1.42) as die rou mielie dieët. Verpilling van die dieët het geen statisties betekenisvolle effek (P > 0.05) op GDV! gehad nie, maar die VOD was statisties betekenisvol (P < 0.05) beter (1.49 vs. 1.66) wanneer dit met die meel dieët vergelyk word. Ekstrusie van die dieët het geen statisties betekenisvolle effek op GOT en GOVI gehad nie, maar die VOD was statisties betekenisvol (P < 0.05) beter wanneer dit met die meel (1.34 vs. 1.66) en verpilde dieët (1.34 vs 1.49) vergelyk word. Eksperiment 2: Die effek van voer prosessering op vark metabolisme parameters 'n Eksperiment is uitgevoer op Landras x Groot Wit bere (n=24) om die effek van prosessering van 'n koolhidraat bron en voer te bepaal. Twee prosesserings-kombinasies van die koolhidraat bron en drie prosesserings-kondisies van die dieët is in 'n 2 x 3 faktoriaal ontwerp uitgevoer. Ses diëte is geformuleer op 'n iso-nutriënt basis (14.48 MJ/kg metaboliseerbare energie (ME), 23.01 ru-proteïen (RP), 1.092% lisien, 0.742% metionien and sistien en 0.271 % tryptofaan op 'n droeë materiaal (DM) basis). Die varke is geblok volgens massa en ewekansig aan 1 van 6 diëte toegeken. Die koolhidraat bron was gaar of rou mielies en die diëte was meel, verpil of geëkstrueer. Geen koolhidraat-prosessering x dieet interaksie is opgemerk (P > 0.05) nie. In 'n metabolisme en stikstof (N) balans-studie is daar gevind dat DM verteerbaarheid, skynbare N verteerbaarheid, verteerbare energie (GE) en ME inhoud nie beduidend deur die behandelings beïnvloed word nie.
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Books on the topic "Feed"

1

R, McEllhiney Robert, and American Feed Industry Association, eds. Feed manufacturing technology IV. Arlington, VA: American Feed Industry Association, 1994.

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Macgregor, Charles A. Directory of feeds & feed ingredients. Fort Atkinson, Wis: W.D. Hoard, 1989.

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Swanson, Diane. Feet that suck and feed. Vancouver: Greystone Books, 2000.

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Macgregor, Charles A. Directory of feeds & feed ingredients. 2nd ed. Fort Atkinson, WI, USA: W.D. Hoard, 1994.

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Ash, Mark S. Selected characteristics of the U.S. feed manufacturing industry, 1984. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Commodity Economics Division, 1988.

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Hertrampf, Joachim W. The feed industry in oversea countries. Detmold, Germany: Verlag Moritz Schäfer, 1985.

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D, Mounsey Andrew, ed. Handbook of medicinal feed additives. Bakewell: HGM Publications, 1993.

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Anderson, M. T. Feed. Cambridge, MA: Candlewick Press, 2002.

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Arunkumar, H. G. Feed. [New Delhi: Nature Morte, 2006.

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Anderson, M. T. Feed. Cambridge, MA: Candlewick Press, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Feed"

1

Weik, Martin H. "feed." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 577. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_6846.

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Shaver, Randy D., and Keshab K. Batajoo. "Fermented Feeds and Feed: Products." In Biotechnology, 768–83. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527620920.ch20.

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Ryle, M., and E. R. Ørskov. "Feed Quality and Feed Intake." In Energy Nutrition in Ruminants, 102–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0751-5_8.

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Kirschner, Paul A., and Carl Hendrick. "Feed up, feedback, feed forward." In How Learning Happens, 198–205. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429061523-20.

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Kirschner, Paul A., and Carl Hendrick. "Feed up, feedback, feed forward." In How Learning Happens, 263–72. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003395713-30.

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Dryden, Gordon McL. "Feed digestibility." In Fundamentals of applied animal nutrition, 35–42. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786394453.0004.

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Rumpold, Birgit A. "Global consumer perception of insects as feed." In Insects as animal feed: novel ingredients for use in pet, aquaculture and livestock diets, 116–25. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245929.0015.

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Abstract This chapter provides a global overview of farmers' and stakeholders' as well as consumers' perception of insect-based feeds from the literature and discusses gaps, lessons learnt and future needs in order to improve the acceptance of insects as feed, as well as the acceptance of meat and fish fed with insect containing feed.
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Stark, C. R. "Feed processing to maximize feed efficiency." In Feed efficiency in swine, 131–51. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-756-1_6.

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Hertrampf, Joachim W., and Felicitas Piedad-Pascual. "Feed Carotenoids." In Handbook on Ingredients for Aquaculture Feeds, 142–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4018-8_16.

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Hertrampf, Joachim W., and Felicitas Piedad-Pascual. "Feed Yeast." In Handbook on Ingredients for Aquaculture Feeds, 157–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4018-8_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Feed"

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Bennaceur, Amel, Ciaran McCormick, Jesús García Galán, Charith Perera, Andrew Smith, Andrea Zisman, and Bashar Nuseibeh. "Feed me, feed me." In ICSE '16: 38th International Conference on Software Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2897053.2897071.

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Федорова, Зинаида, and Zinaida Fedorova. "INFLUENCE OF MINERAL AND VITAMIN PREMIXES ON COD EFFICIENCY DIFFERENT PERIODS OF LACTATION." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2019-21-69-104-109.

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The results of the use of the developed two mineral-vitamin premixes in the feeding of dairy cows are given. Their effect on the productivity of animals in different periods of lactation — the first 100 days, 101–200 and 201–305 days and payment for food products.
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Селиванова, Маргарита, and Margarita Selivanova. "DYNAMICS OF ANTHRACNOSE DEVELOPMENT IN NARROW-LEAFED LUPIN ON ARTIFICIAL INFECTIOUS BACKGROUND." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2019-21-69-32-39.

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Сорокин, Александр, Alexander Sorokin, Валентина Руцкая, and Valentina Ruckaya. "LUPIN AS THE BASE FOR PROTEIN COMPONENT OF FEED MIX FOR POULTRY." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2019-21-69-110-115.

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The article presents the data of domestic and foreign researchers for feeding of poultry used lupin and its processed products. It’s advisable to use energy-and-protein concentrates made of legumes and cereal grain mixtures to prepare complete feeds. Lupin is one of the main sources of plant protein with unique amino acid composition. In opinion of the majority of researchers lupin containing feeds made according to technic guidance support productivity increasing of poultry growing and improve the quality of the products.
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Захарова, Мария, Maria Zakharova, Михаил Лукашевич, Mikhail Lukashevich, Татьяна Свириденко, and Tatyana Sviridenko. "DEVELOPMENT OF WHITE LUPIN VARIETIES WITH IMPROVED DROUGHT RESISTANCE." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2019-21-69-15-19.

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The article presents the estimation of white lupin breeding material for drought resistance at seed growing in the osmotic — sucrose solution. Promising drought resistant lines with a set of economic-and-biological characters have been selected. The varieties Mitchurinskiy and Piligrim have been developed on its base and are listed in the State List of Agricultural Achievements.
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Агеева, Полина, Polina Ageeva, Марина Матюхина, Marina Matyukhina, Наталья Почутина, and Natalya Pochutina. "EVALUATION OF NARROW-LEAFED LUPIN VARIETIES FOR SOME MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2019-21-69-20-25.

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The article presents the tests results of narrow-leafed lupin for some morphological and biological characters: height and initial growth of plants, their productivity (seeds amount and weight), seed amount per a pod, microdistribution coefficient etc. Vars. Beloro-zovy 114, BL 78-07 and Hybrid 1215 stood out in plant height (68.6–81.3 sm); Uzkolistny 53-02, Belozerny 110 and Smena — in seeds amount per a pod (4.44–4.08 seeds). Low alkaloid content (0.038%) had the vars. Belorozovy 144 and Smena.
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Трошина, Лариса, Larisa Troshina, Татьяна ЯГОВЕНКО, and Tat'yana YaGOVENKO. "DYNAMICS OF ALKALOID ACCUMULATION AND REDISTRIBUTION IN NARROW-LEAFED LUPIN." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2019-21-69-26-31.

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The article presents alkaloid accumulation and redistribution in germinative seed of nar-row-leafed lupin as well as the dynamics of alkaloid content in three genotypes of narrow-leafed lupin plants during ontogenesis. Specialties of accumulation of these compounds under different conditions are shown. The stage “beginning of pod formation — maturing” is the most susceptible to temperature changes in vegetation of narrow-leafed lupin.
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ПИГАРЕВА, Светлана, Svetlana PIGAREVA, Наталья Зайцева, Natalya Zaitseva, Татьяна ЯГОВЕНКО, and Tat'yana YaGOVENKO. "EFFECT OF THE FUNGICIDE AMISTAR EXTRA ON A NUMBER OF BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF YELLOW LUPIN PLANTS." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2019-21-69-40-44.

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The positive impact of fungicide Amistar extra on a number of physiological parameters is shown. Assimilation surface describes a level of photosynthetic potential and netto prod-uctivity of photosynthesis which increased in 1.07 and 1.09 times. Fungicide impact on nitrogen accumulation and dry matter in a plant was set. Decreasing of the total amount of plant pods was recorded. The treatment increased protein content in seeds of var. Prestizh. Tendency for increasing of alkaloid level in yellow lupin seeds and green mass was noticed.
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ПИМОХОВА, Людмила, Lyudmila PIMOKHOVA, Жанна ЦАРАПНЕВА, Zhanna TSARAPNEVA, Нина Хараборкина, and Nina Kharaborkina. "FUNGICIDE ZANTARA AGAINST THE MAIN LUPIN DISEASES." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2019-21-69-45-49.

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The main harmful disease of white and narrow-leafed lupin is anthracnose. High effective fungicides should to be used to protect its crops. Under field conditions the fungicide Zan-tara (1.5 l/ha) showed the high productivity (91.3%) against this disease. The fungicide is effective against fusaria, sclerotinia and botrytis too. Its use allows protect crops of culti-vated lupin species against diseases’ complex and significantly decrease yield losses.
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Ившин, Георгий, Georgy IVSHIN, Вера Ившина, and Vera IVSHINA. "EFFICIENCY OF THE CORRELATION ANALYSIS AT THE FINAL STAGE OF SELECTION A COMMON VETCH." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2019-21-69-5-14.

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By estimation of selection numbers of a common vetch a sowing campaign on the basis of correlation matrixes at the final stage of selection are revealed genotype features of mutual relations of attributes of efficiency of plants during their formation. Distinctions between selection samples on number and intensity of correlation communications are established, testifying about specificity of mechanisms of their adaptation to Wednesday of growth are established. Any law in the ratio number and intensity of correlation com-munications with direct attributes of efficiency of vegetative weight and seeds it is not re-vealed. Precisely expressed return tendency in the ratio number and intensity of correlations of attributes of efficiency of a plant with a level of seasonal variability of productivity of dry weight and seeds of a common vetch is established.
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Reports on the topic "Feed"

1

Pexas, Georgios, Ilias Kyriazakis, and Bob Doherty. The Future of Animal Feed. Food Standards Agency, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.gzi586.

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The feed-food competition for environmental and economic resources raises increasing concerns about the production and supply of protein for the global livestock sector. Risks to food-security and approaching deadlines for global sustainable development, means exploring the potential for alternative protein feeds is imperative. However, as the use of alternative feeds for livestock production is still at its infancy, it is critical that potential direct or indirect food safety risks are evaluated before implementation at commercial scales. This Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) offers a lens that focuses on the potential opportunities and threats of such alternatives for the sustainability and food safety of the global livestock sector. Four potential alternative protein sources for livestock feeds are identified and evaluated through this REA: genetically modified / engineered protein crops and alternative cultivation methods cellular agriculture former foods, food waste and industry by-products and waste streams animal by-products and insects Through this analysis, a strategic policy roadmap and research agenda are synthesised to facilitate higher-level policy making, supporting local solutions for global sustainable development and a more food-secure future. The four broad directions for policy making and research the REA proposes are: decoupling protein production from fossil fuel developing sustainable economic strategies for alternative proteins at a subnational level supporting circular livestock feed solutions further enhancing the feed and food regulatory system
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Mailloux, Robert J. Space Fed Subarrays Using a Displaced Feed. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada411090.

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Mailloux, Robert J. Space Fed Subarray Synthesis Using Displaced Feed Location. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada409030.

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Young, Jennifer M., John F. Patience, Nicholas K. Gabler, and Jack C. M. Dekkers. Feed Intake, Feed Efficiency, and Growth of Pigs Selected for Divergent RFI Fed High Versus Low Energy Diets. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1222.

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Dahlke, Garland R. Feed Efficiency Calculator. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1267.

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Vermeulen, Frederic, Charlotte Ringdal, Bram De Rock, Pierre-André Chiappori, and Laurens Cherchye. Feed the children. The IFS, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.ifs.2021.3221.

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Vermeulen, Frederic, Charlotte Ringdal, Bram De Rock, Pierre-André Chiappori, and Laurens Cherchye. Feed the children. The IFS, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.ifs.2021.3221.

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Phillips, T. D., and J. M. O`Rourke. Melter feed system 3-way feed valve Auma motorized operator. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10151843.

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Hurwitz, Shmuel, John McMurtry, Mark Pines, Robert Rosebrough, and Isaac Plavnik. Feed Restriction to Improve Feed Efficiency in Chickens and Turkeys. United States Department of Agriculture, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1985.7562330.bard.

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Dahlke, Garland, and Daryl R. Strohbehn. Feed Particle Separation Due to Feed Delivery and Time in Feed Bunk and Effects on Cattle Performance. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-434.

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