Journal articles on the topic 'Fee system in France'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Fee system in France.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Fee system in France.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Calcoen, Piet, and Wynand P. M. M. van de Ven. "Supplementary physicians’ fees: a sustainable system?" Health Economics, Policy and Law 14, no. 1 (January 25, 2018): 40–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133117000548.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn Belgium and France, physicians can charge a supplementary fee on top of the tariff set by the mandatory basic health insurance scheme. In both countries, the supplementary fee system is under pressure because of financial sustainability concerns and a lack of added value for the patient. Expenditure on supplementary fees is increasing much faster than total health expenditure. So far, measures taken to curb this trend have not been successful. For certain categories of physicians, supplementary fees represent one-third of total income. For patients, however, the added value of supplementary fees is not that clear. Supplementary fees can buy comfort and access to physicians who refuse to treat patients who are not willing to pay supplementary fees. Perceived quality of care plays an important role in patients’ willingness to pay supplementary fees. Today, there is no evidence that physicians who charge supplementary fees provide better quality of care than physicians who do not. However, linking supplementary fees to objectively proven quality of care and limiting access to top quality care to patients able and willing to pay supplementary fees might not be socially acceptable in many countries. Our conclusion is that supplementary physicians’ fees are not sustainable.
2
Bélaval, Philippe. "Retour à la Bibliothèque Nationale de France." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 9, no. 1 (April 1997): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574909700900103.
Full textAbstract:
The decision in July 1988 to build a new library in Paris has been the starting point of a deep change in every field of activity for the French national library, which combines the old Bibliothèque nationale in the Rue de Richelieu with the Bibliothèque de France in Tolbiac in what is now known as the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF). The collections will be divided between two sites: the Rue de Richelieu building will retain the special collections, in improved storage conditions and with better access; while the printed and audiovisual collections are being transferred to the new building at Tolbiac between the end of 1996 and the end of 1998. 370,000 books will be acquired specially to fill gaps in previously neglected areas such as law, economics and science. A new OPAC, due for completion in 1998, will provide access to merged files of the BnF, including 4.5 million converted records from the old hand-written catalogue. Next to the research reading rooms, which are for registered users only, will be ten reading rooms open to the general public for a fee, which will have 380,000 books on open access. The OPAC will be accessible remotely, as will the seat and book reservation system. A new preservation centre has been built in Marne-la-Vallée, 20 km east of Paris; there is a special emphasis on deacidification. There are two digitization programmes, for 100,000 texts and 300,000 pictures; negotiation is taking place with copyright holders. Experimental access to several bibliographic databases and digitized collections is already proving successful. The new reference library in the new building opened in December 1996 and the research library will open in 1998.
3
Barnett, Emma Priscilla, and Rouaan Maarman. "Principals’ views on the implementation of the no-fee policy through the lens of capability theory." South African Journal of Education, no. 40(3) (August 31, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15700/saje.v40n3a1673.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study reported on here was to investigate the implementation of the no-fee schools policy in quintile 1 schools in the Frances Baard district of the Northern Cape province. The South African schooling system categorises schools into quintile 1 to 5 schools, and, since 2006, disadvantaged learners in quintiles 1 to 3 have been exempted from paying fees. This study explored the perceptions of school principals regarding the implementation of the no-fee policy in the South African context, by applying a capability approach, which offers a novel perspective. In the study we used a descriptive design located within the qualitative tradition. Nine principals from quintile 1 schools were purposively selected as participants. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, and a thematic framework was used for analysis. The findings indicate that the no-fee schools policy is only implemented partially by stakeholders (principals and school governing bodies). Furthermore, it was found that there is a lack of knowledge about the content of the policy which consequently inhibits effective implementation. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the Department of Education monitors the implementation of the no-fee policy more closely.
4
Combarnous, Pauline, Felix Erdmann, Olivier Caumont, Éric Defer, and Maud Martet. "A satellite lightning observation operator for storm-scale numerical weather prediction." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 9 (September 6, 2022): 2943–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2943-2022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. This study aims at simulating satellite-measured lightning observations with numerical weather prediction (NWP) system variables. A total of eight parameters, calculated with the AROME-France NWP system variables, were selected from a literature review to be used as proxies for satellite lightning observations. Two different proxy types emerged from this literature review: microphysical and dynamical proxies. Here, we investigate which ones are best related to satellite lightning and calibrate an empirical relationship between the best parameters and lightning data. To obtain those relationships, we fit machine learning regression models to our data. In this study, pseudo flash extent accumulation (FEA) observations are used because no actual geostationary lightning observations are available yet over France, and non-geostationary satellite lightning data represent a sample that is too small for our study. The performances of each proxy and machine learning regression model are evaluated by computing fractions skill scores (FSSs) with respect to observed FEA and proxy-based FEA. The present study suggests that microphysical proxies are more suited than the dynamical ones to model satellite lightning observations with the AROME-France NWP system. The performances of multivariate regression models are also evaluated by combining several proxies after a feature selection based on a principal component analysis and a proxy correlation study, but no proxy combination yielded better results than microphysical proxies alone. Finally, different accumulation periods of the FEA had little influence, i.e. similar FSS, on the regression model's ability to reproduce the observed FEA. In future studies, the microphysical-based relationship will be used as an observation operator to perform satellite lightning data assimilation in storm-scale NWP systems and applied to NWP forecasts to simulate satellite lightning data.
5
Faulks, Denise, Marie-Sophie Bogner, Solenn Hamon, Caroline Eschevins, and Bruno Pereira. "Identifying Persons with Special Healthcare Needs in Dentistry—Development and Validation of the French Case Mix Tool." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (February 8, 2023): 2997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042997.
Full textAbstract:
Providing dental care for certain patient groups is complicated due to difficulties with cooperation, communication, health conditions, and social context, amongst others. The majority of dentists in France work within a public fee-per-item system. A new measure has been introduced providing a financial supplement to dentists for each episode of care for a patient with a severe disability. This supplement is justified by completion of the French Case Mix tool (FCM), a new measure designed to retrospectively identify episodes of dental care that have required adaptation and additional time or expertise. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and psychometric properties of the FCM. The content validity of the tool was improved at each round of pilot development, involving 392 patient encounters. Test–retest data at 2 weeks for 12 fictional patient treatment episodes were collected from 51 dentists. This phase confirmed inter- and intra-dentist reproducibility, criterion validity, and interpretability. Retrospective analysis of 4814 treatment episodes nationally demonstrated high reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity. Overall, the FCM showed high validity and good psychometric properties. However, the impact of providing a financial supplement on improving access to care for persons with special needs has yet to be evaluated.
6
Ruzic-Muslic, D., M. P. Petrovic, M. M. Petrovic, Z. Bijelic, V. Pantelic, P. Perisic, and V. Caro-Petrovic. "The effect of the system of crossing on fattening parameters of weaned lambs." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 28, no. 3 (2012): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1203529r.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, the effect of different systems of crossing of sheep: two-breed (PxW) and three-breed (PxWxIDF) on production results - body weight and average daily gain of lambs weaned at the age of 60 days and fattened to age of 120 days, was investigated. Also, the effect of crossing on consumption and conversion of food and nutrients was monitored. Study was carried out on the Experimental sheep farm of the Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, and following breeds were used in the crossing: Pirot Pramenka (P), Wurttemberg (W) and Ile de France (IDF). Pirot Pramenka was used as the maternal basis, while Wurttemberg rams were used as sires, and as terminal breed, Ile de France rams were used. Results have shown that the three-breed crosses of F1 generation, compared to two-breed crosses, obtained higher body gain for 19.23% with lower food intake for 5.19%, during fattening period lasting from 60th to 120th day of age. Regarding feed conversion ratio, they used per 1 kg of body gain 29.61% less hay and 20.82% less concentrate feeds. Positive biological effect exhibited in three-breed crosses (PxWxIDF) is consequence of individual heterosis and maternal heterosis.
7
Fenny Maria Christien. "JOINT WORKING GROUP IMPLEMENTATION: FRENCH EDUCATION DIPLOMACY ON INDONESIA YEAR 2012-2016." Sociae Polites 19, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/sp.v19i2.1648.
Full textAbstract:
The progress of globalization has made every country to cooperate internationally to fulfill its national interests. Indonesia sees opportunities from France as a country that has the more advanced technology from Indonesia. In education, France is a country that has the best system. France saw a joint research opportunity to do both so that both of them agreed to make cooperation conducted by the Ministry of Research and Higher Education (Kemristek Higher Education) at the French Embassy in the meeting of the Joint Working Group in the field of Research and Higher Education. Until the eighth meeting from 2009 to 2016, continue to discuss what programs will get done. But in reality, in 2012 until 2016, participants from the scholarships given by Kemristek Dikti decreased. From the decline, it gets seen that the delay factor of fund given to the scholarship recipients makes the students feel hampered in doing their activities, besides the lack of socialization of this scholarship which makes the students who want to seek for learning to France do not know about this scholarship program
8
Pigłowski, Marcin. "Notifications on Anisakis spp. in the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) Reported in 2001–2023." Sustainability 16, no. 13 (June 27, 2024): 5453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16135453.
Full textAbstract:
Anisakis spp. was the most frequently reported parasite in the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). Notifications relating to it accounted for 73.6% of all notifications submitted in this system between 2001 and 2023 in the hazard category “parasitic infestation”. Using a two-way joining cluster analysis, notifications reported in the RASFF during the period indicated concerning Anisakis spp. were examined by considering the year, notification type, product category, product, notifying country, country of origin, notification basis and action taken. These mainly concerned hake and mackerel from Spain and also anglerfish and mackerel from France (reported by Italy after official controls on the market) and anchovies and scabbardfish from Morocco (sent by Spain after border controls). Products from Spain and France were reported as alerts and information notifications and then were officially detained, withdrawn from the market or destroyed. Fish from Morocco were detained and destroyed. Although the number of Anisakis spp. notifications has decreased significantly in recent years, food safety authorities should continue to be active in this area. Meanwhile, consumers should be aware that the consumption of unprocessed fish should be avoided.
9
Sharonova, E. L. "Library Service for Elderly Readers in France." Bibliosphere, no. 1 (January 24, 2022): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/1815-3186-2022-1-80-87.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study is to review the activities of French municipal public libraries in working with older age audiences; to make known to the Russian library community modern practical developments of foreign colleagues in this area. The article is based on the results of the analysis of the following documents: reports of the Ministry of Culture and Communications of France, National summaries of data on the activities of municipal libraries, research articles and dissertations on the topic of the older generation in the library. The article presents the system of the old age periodization by Serge Guerin (Serge Guérin), which is characteristic of France, and gives an idea of the image of the modern French pensioner. The importance of cooperation and partnership of libraries with volunteer associations is noted. The interesting experience of the association «Read and let others read» («Lire et faire lire»), which attracts retired teachers to cooperation with libraries, thereby helping older people feel needed by society and continue an active social life, is presented.
10
Veldkamp, T., and J. Eilenberg. "Insects in European feed and food chains." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 4, no. 3 (August 30, 2018): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2018.x006.
Full textAbstract:
Insects or insect products are valuable feedstuffs for animal feeds but for further implementation more research is required. Different symposia contribute to sharing the obtained knowledge and in this special issue the activities of the EAAP study commission Insects are highlighted as well as five papers presented during the 2017 annual EAAP meeting in Tallinn, Estonia and one paper presented during the ‘Insectinov2 2017’ meeting in France. The papers highlight different aspects of the insect chain such as sustainability, insect health, bacterial contamination, nutritional value of insect meal and regulatory system.
11
Joly, Laurent. "The Parisian Police and the Holocaust: Control, Round-ups, Hunt, 1940–4." Journal of Contemporary History 55, no. 3 (May 23, 2019): 557–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009419839774.
Full textAbstract:
Slightly more than half of the 74,150 Jews deported from France between 1942 and 1944 were arrested in Paris and its close suburbs. For the large majority of these 38,500 men, women, and children, their arrest was carried out by ordinary policemen belonging to the Paris Police Prefecture. The objective of this article is to propose a complete and synthetic analysis of the role of this institution and its agents in the Holocaust. In Paris, unlike anywhere else in Europe, the implementation of the ‘final solution’ was entrusted to the traditional administration. These police officers were competent and knew perfectly the environment of the persecution. But, generally speaking, they were not anti-Semite activists, they did not like the Germans, and, more importantly, they acted according to their own institutional logic. So, the French's repressive system did not automatically feed the Nazi machine of destruction. It is this complexity of the machine of persecution in occupied France which explains, in many respects, the toll of the Holocaust in France, and, more specifically, in the Paris region.
12
Seveso, Andrea, Anna Giabelli, Lorenzo Malandri, Fabio Mercorio, and Mario Mezzanzanica. "Skills2Job: A Recommender System that Encodes Job Offer Embeddings on Graph Databases (Student Abstract)." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 18 (May 18, 2021): 15885–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i18.17939.
Full textAbstract:
We propose a recommender system that, starting from a set of users skills, identifies the most suitable jobs as they emerge from a large text of Online Job Vacancies (OJVs). To this aim, we process 2.5M+ OJVs posted in three different countries (United Kingdom, France and Germany), generating several embeddings and performing an intrinsic evaluation of their quality. Besides, we compute a measure of skill importance for each occupation in each country, the Revealed Comparative Advantage (rca). The best vector models, together with the rca, are used to feed a graph database, which will serve as the keystone for the recommender system. Finally, a user study of 10 validates the effectiveness of Skills2Job, both in terms of precision and nDGC.
13
Charles, Aurelie, and Damiano Sguotti. "Sustainable Earnings: How Can Herd Behavior in Financial Accumulation Feed into a Resilient Economic System?" Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 5776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115776.
Full textAbstract:
The paper applies a methodological tool able to frame national policies with sustainable financial flows between social groups. In effect, exchange entitlement mapping (E-mapping) shows the interdependency of capital and labor earnings across social groups, which is then accounted for in the policy planning of future financial flows for the green transition. First, the paper highlights the extent to which herd behavior feeds into capital and labor earnings by social, occupational, demographic, and regional groups for the United Kingdom, France, and Italy over the past 40 years. Second, learning from these past trends, the paper proposes a policy framing of “sustainable earning trends” to hamper or facilitate financial flows towards sectors, occupations, and regions prone to herd behavior. The paper concludes that for an economic system to be resilient, it should be able to recycle external shocks on group earnings into economic opportunities for the green transition.
14
Bozo, Frédéric. "“I Feel More Comfortable with You”: France, the Soviet Union, and German Reunification." Journal of Cold War Studies 17, no. 3 (July 2015): 116–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00563.
Full textAbstract:
This article explores the interactions between French and Soviet leaders at the end of the Cold War when they were confronted by German reunification. This important dimension of the events of 1989–1990 has been largely neglected up to now. Although allegations of Franco-Soviet collusion against German reunification have long been widespread, the evidence presented here from declassified French, Soviet, and West German sources shows that the two countries in fact failed to cooperate to shape the modalities and outcome of these processes despite the close relationship that by then prevailed between French President François Mitterrand and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. Although for decades Paris and Moscow had shared the objective of avoiding a disruptive settlement of the German question, and although both leaders were initially deeply troubled by the pace of events, they did not agree about the fundamental issue of German self-determination and did not share an understanding of the international conditions required for German reunification. Even more critically, they had different visions of the transformation of the European security system that should accompany it.
15
Pigłowski, Marcin. "Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic Microorganisms in the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (February 6, 2019): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030477.
Full textAbstract:
The most frequently notified pathogenic microorganisms in the RASFF in 1980–2017 were Salmonella sp., Listeria, Escherichia and Vibrio, whereas, among the notified non-pathogenic microorganisms were unspecified microorganisms, Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella sp. and Coliforms. Microorganisms were reported mainly in poultry meat, meat, fish, molluscs, crustaceans, fruits, vegetables, herbs, spices, nuts, milk, cereals (in food) and in feed materials and pet food (in feed). The number of notifications decreased at the turn of 2005 and 2006, but has steadily increased since then. The notification basis were official controls, border controls and company’s checks. Products were notified mainly by Italy, France, United Kingdom, Germany and Netherlands. The reported products originated from Brazil, European Union countries and India, Thailand and Vietnam. The notification types were alerts, information and border rejections. The distribution status was often not specified or distribution on the market was possible. The risk decision was usually not made. Products were re-dispatched, import was not authorised or products were withdrawn from the market, destroyed and recalled from the market. Proper cooperation within the framework of the RASFF can contribute to shaping public health law and reducing outbreaks associated with microorganisms.
16
Kucherenko, Oleksii. "FRANCHISING AGREEMENT UNDER THE LEGISLATION OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES." Scientific Notes Series Law 1, no. 9 (2020): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2522-9230-2020-1-9-33-37.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the topical issue of studying the foreign experience of legal regulation of the franchise agreement. The author emphasizes that there is no comprehensive full-fledged regulation of the franchise agreement either in the national legislation of individual EU member states or at the international level. The article focuses on the franchisor's obligation to enter into an agreement to provide future franchisees with information about doing business under the franchise system, including the basic conditions of the franchise, data on the number of franchisees in the network, its growth, financial performance, etc. The experience of legal regulation of a franchise agreement in such foreign countries as the USA, Great Britain, Italy, Germany, Spain, Estonia, Lithuania, Australia, etc. is considered. The duality of the legal regulation of franchising at the federal and local levels, as well as the prevalence of the most favorable rules for franchisors (USA) is demonstrated. The author focuses on the experience of the institute of self-regulation of franchising and the establishment of appropriate criteria for franchise companies in the absence of government regulation (Britain). The need to adopt a single institutional law in the field of franchising and to enshrine in it all the key terms used in franchising: the actual franchise agreement, know-how, entrance fee, royalties (periodic payments for the use of intellectual property), the franchisor's goods (Italy). It is expedient to establish a provision on mandatory pre-contractual disclosure of information, according to which the counterparty is provided with information on experience, company experience, prospects for the development of the relevant market, duration of the agreement, terms of renewal or termination of contractual relations (France).
17
Fazakas, Ádám Sándor. "The Evolution of the Harmonium: From Ancient China to Beloved Instrument in France." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Musica 69, no. 1 (June 10, 2024): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbmusica.2024.1.17.
Full textAbstract:
The harmonium’s journey begins with ancient Chinese instruments like the sheng, which inspired European innovations such as the regal and later the Orgue expressif. These early instruments laid the groundwork for Alexandre-François Debain’s invention of the harmonium in 1842. Debain’s harmonium patent introduced a revolutionary instrument characterized by its blow-feed air system and distinct sound registers. This invention marked a significant advancement in musical instrument design, providing musicians with greater tonal control and expression. Harmonium’s history reflects centuries of experimentation and ingenuity, driven by the evolving needs of musicians and technological innovations. From its humble origins to becoming a staple of musical expression, the harmonium embodies the spirit of creativity and innovation in music history. Keywords: Harmonium, Scheng, Regal, Organ, Instrument
18
Manchikanti, Laxmaiah. "Physician Payment 2008 for Interventionalists: Current State of Health Care Policy." September 2007 5;10, no. 9;5 (September 14, 2007): 607–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2007/10/607.
Full textAbstract:
Physicians in the United States have been affected by significant changes in the pattern(s) of medical practice evolving over the last several decades. These changes include new measures to 1) curb increasing costs, 2) increase access to patient care, 3) improve quality of healthcare, and 4) pay for prescription drugs. Escalating healthcare costs have focused concerns about the financial solvency of Medicare and this in turn has fostered a renewed interest in the economic basis of interventional pain management practices. The provision and systemization of healthcare in North America and several European countries are difficult enterprises to manage irrespective of whether these provisions and systems are privatized (as in the United States) or nationalized or semi-nationalized (as in Great Britain, Canada, Australia and France). Consequently, while many management options have been put forth, none seem to be optimally geared toward affording healthcare as a maximized individual and social good, and none have been completely enacted. The current physician fee schedule (released on July 12, 2007) includes a 9.9% cut in payment rate. Since the Medicare program was created in 1965, several methods have been used to determine physicians’ rate(s) for each covered service. The sustained growth rate (SGR) system, established in 1998, has evoked negative consequences on physician payment(s). Based on the current Medicare expenditure index, practice expenses are projected to increase by 34.5% from 2002 to 2016, whereas, if actual practice inflation is considered, this increase will be 90%. This is in contrast to projected physician payment cuts that are depicted to be 51%. No doubt, this scenario will be devastating to many practices and the US medical community at large. Resolutions to this problem have been offered by MedPAC, the Government Accountability Office, physician organizations, economists, and various other interested groups. In the past, temporary measures have been proposed (and sometimes implemented) to eliminate physician payment cuts. At present, the US Senate and House of Representatives are separately working on 2 different mechanisms to address and rectify these cost-payment discrepancies. The effects of both the problem and the potential solutions on interventional pain management may be somewhat greater than those on other specialties. Physician payments in interventional pain management may evidence cuts of 10% to 15%, whereas if procedures are performed in an office setting, such cuts may range from 29% to 39% over the period of the next 3 years if the proposed 9.9% cut is not reversed. Medicare cuts also impact other insurance payments, incurring a “ripple effect” such that many insurers will seek to pay at or around the Medicare rate. In this manuscript, we discuss universal healthcare systems, the CMS proposed ruling and its attendant ripple effect(s), historical aspects of the Medicare payment system, the Sustained Growth Rate system, and the potential consequences incurred by both proposed cuts and potential solutions to the discrepant cost-payment issue(s). As well, ethical issues of policy development upon the infrastructure and practice of interventional pain management are addressed. Key words: Health policy, physician payment policy, physician fee schedule, Medicare, sustained growth rate formula, interventional pain management, regulatory reform, ethics
19
Galassi, Diana M. P., Frank Fiers, Marie-Josè Dole-Olivier, and Barbara Fiasca. "Discovery of a new species of the genus Stygepactophanes from a groundwater-fed spring in southern France (Crustacea, Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Canthocamptidae)." ZooKeys 812 (January 3, 2019): 69–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.812.29764.
Full textAbstract:
A new species of the genusStygepactophanesMoeschler & Rouch, 1984 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Canthocamptidae) is established to accommodate a small canthocamptid population collected from a spring system in the “Parc du Mercantour”, Var catchment, southern France. The population analysed in the present study is defined by a set of morphological characters of the female, namely a very large maxilliped, a rudimentary mandibular palp, P1 with 3-segmented exopod and 2-segmented endopod, a falcate terminal claw of the P1 endopod, dorsal seta of caudal rami inserted on the inner margin, and anal operculum not overreaching the insertion of the caudal rami, thus supporting its assignment into the genusStygepactophanes. The new speciesStygepactophanesoccitanusshows marked differences with the nominotypical species of the genus that was originally described by monotypy with the speciesStygepactophanesjurassicusMoeschler & Rouch, 1984. The main diagnostic traits ofS.jurassicusare the absence of the P5 and a falcate outer terminal claw of P1 endopod.Stygepactophanesjurassicusalso shows a reduced armature of the antennal exopod, bearing one seta, 1-segmented P2–P4 endopods, a reduced armature of P2–P4 exopodal segments 3 (3,4,4 armature elements, respectively), P6 bearing only one long seta, a rounded short and smooth anal operculum. Conversely the female ofS.occitanusGalassi & Fiers,sp. n.has a well-developed P5, with rudimentary intercoxal sclerite, together with a falcate outer terminal claw of P1 endopod, antennal exopod bearing two elements, P4 endopod 1-segmented versus 2-segmented in P2–P3, P2–P4 exopodal segment 3 with five armature elements, P6 with three setae of different lengths, rounded anal operculum, bearing 3–4 strong spinules.According to our present knowledge,S.occitanusGalassi & Fiers,sp. n.is assigned to the genusStygepactophanesas the most conservative solution, waiting for the male to be discovered. The genusStygepactophanesrepresents a distinct lineage within the harpacticoid family Canthocamptidae that colonised southern European groundwater, the genus being known only from the saturated karst in Switzerland and a fissured saturated aquifer in southern France. Both species of the genus are stygobites and narrow endemics, the nominotypical species being known from the type locality Source de la Doux in Délemont (Switzerland), andS.occitanusGalassi & Fiers,sp. n.described herein from a spring system of the Var catchment (France).
20
Ruzic-Muslic, Dragana, Milan Petrovic, Milan Petrovic, Zorica Bijelic, Violeta Caro-Petrovic, Nevena Maksimovic, and Violeta Mandic. "The influence of protein source and crossing system of lambs on wool quality parameters." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 32, no. 1 (2016): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1601045r.
Full textAbstract:
The experiment included 30 lambs-crosses F1 generation: Pirot Pramenka (50%) x W?rttemberg (50%) and 30 crossbred F1 generations: Pirot Pramenka (12.5%) x W?rttemberg(37.5) x Ille de France (50%), weaned at 60 days of age, the average body weight of 18.0 kg. The mixtures varied in protein source: I - sunflower meal, II - soybean meal and III - fish meal. The share of undegradable protein was 43 : 51 : 58 %. The average diameter of the fibres in lambs on treatments I:II:III was 26.14 : 24.96 : 25.20 ?m, and of two-breed (PxW) and threebreed (PxWxIDF) crosses: 25.38 and 25.49 ?m. The average height of the wool fibre in lambs on treatments I:II:III was: 2.97 : 3.06 : 3.17 cm, and in two-breed (PxW) and three-breed (PxWxIDF) crosses 2.98 : 3.15 cm. The average length of the fibre in lambs on protein sources I:II:III was 4.62 : 5.08 : 5.11 cm and in twobreed (PXW) and three-breed (PxWxIDF) crosses 4.77 : 5.11 cm. Protein source in feed mixtures, and genotype of lambs significantly influenced the quality of wool expressed through diameter, height and length of the fibres.
21
Gallo, Sarita Bonagurio, Edson Ramos de Siqueira, Eduardo Francisquine Delgado, Maeli Dal Pai Silva, and Gilberto Teixeira da Rosa. "Influence of feeding regime and finishing system on lamb muscle fiber and meat quality." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 38, no. 11 (November 2009): 2204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982009001100020.
Full textAbstract:
The study verified the influence of different nutritional levels of the dams, before parturition, the weaning age of the lambs and the finishing system on lamb muscle fiber morphology and meat quality. Ile-de-France × Bergamacia crossbred dams grazing on natural grassland were divided into two groups: 1) nutritional supplement 30 days before the parturition (SUPL), and 2) no nutritional supplement (NS). These groups were further subdivided by weaning age of the lambs, which corresponded to either 45 or 60 days. The weaned lambs from each of the previous groups were also divided into different finishing systems: confined and fed a complete diet (CD), confined and fed hay (H) and kept on grassland (P). The lambs were slaughtered at 30 kg live weight (CD and P), or at 150 days of age (H). The carcasses were cooled at 4ºC/24h. The analyzed variables were: longissimus dorsi muscle fiber morphophysiology, post mortem myofibrillar fragmentation (at 0, 3 and 7 days post mortem), meat pH and temperature. There was no effect of supplementation of dams or weaning age of the lambs for the evaluated variables. The frequency of slow-oxidative (SO), fast-oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) and fast-glycolytic (FG) muscle fiber types was not altered by the treatments, but the fiber cross-sectional area was smaller for the lambs finished only on hay, and the meat pH values and temperature were lower and the myofibrill fragment dimensions were smaller. As time maturation increased from 0 to 3 and 7 days post mortem, there was a decrease in the length of the myofibrill fragments. The diet of the lambs which were maintained confined and fed only with hay was nutritionally inferior when compared with all the others, and this changed the quality of the meat compared to the finishing systems on grassland or confined and fed complete diet.
22
Dubois, V., and P. Molle. "On-site single-stage constructed wetland fed by raw wastewater: performances and resilience of the system." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 2 (July 17, 2018): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.319.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract On-site sanitation systems in Europe are evaluated through a CE marked procedure done on a platform test under a specific schedule of loads. Nevertheless, the test procedure conditions do not represent the real conditions of treatment systems in terms of wastewater characteristics and loads. On another angle, in France, systems implemented for capacities above 20 p.e. do not need the CE marked procedure but have to comply with performance requirements. French on-site treatment regulations lead to a paradoxical situation where constructed wetlands (CW) designed for 21 p.e. can be more compact than for 15 p.e. Here we focus on a single-stage vertical flow CW treating raw wastewater from a six-person house. Working with a (compact) community CW design, the objectives were to evaluate, in real-world conditions, the limits of the system and its ability to handle the high hydraulic and organic load variations found in on-site sanitation. Concentrations and fluxes showed high inter-day and intra-day variability, confirming the necessity for treatment systems to be robust enough for on-site sanitation. The compact CW appeared very efficient and stable for organic pollutants and nitrification (average removal rates of more than 98%, 99%, 94% and 97% for TSS, BOD5, COD and TKN, respectively). Denitrification has been optimized to reach 70% of TN removal, but seems unable to go higher due to a lack of carbon.
23
Molle, Pascal. "French vertical flow constructed wetlands: a need of a better understanding of the role of the deposit layer." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 1 (October 22, 2013): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.561.
Full textAbstract:
French vertical flow constructed wetlands, treating directly raw wastewater, have become the main systems implemented for communities under 2,000 population equivalent in France. Like in sludge drying reed beds, an organic deposit layer is formed over time at the top surface of the filter. This deposit layer is a key factor in the performance of the system as it impacts hydraulic, gas transfers, filtration efficiency and water retention time. The paper discusses the role of this deposit layer on the hydraulic and biological behaviour of the system. It presents results from different studies to highlight the positive role of the layer but, as well, the difficulties in modelling this organic layer. As hydraulic, oxygen transfers, and biological activity are interlinked and impacted by the deposit layer, it seems essential to focus on its role (and its quantification) to find new developments of vertical flow constructed wetlands fed with raw wastewater.
24
Fourçans, André. "The End of the “French Paradox”?" Global Economy Journal 13, no. 03n04 (October 9, 2013): 359–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gej-2013-0037.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this article is to provide a short- to medium-term analysis of the overall performance of the French economy. Unfortunately, this subject is all too frequently discussed in a manner that is perhaps not as clear as it could be. As a French economist trained in the United States, I hope to briefly outline what I feel are the major issues concerning the French economy in a way that I hope carries a few less biases than usual. First, we need to be clear that the performance of the French economy relative to most OECD countries has been less than what the underlying strengths of the country would lead one to expect. This problem is producing ongoing difficulties with the public finances. Without faster growth, paying for the social benefits the population prefers is becoming increasingly difficult. Third, slower growth coupled with structural impediments in the labor market are combining to produce shockingly high levels of unemployment among the young. As in much of Europe such reforms will be difficult but the need for change is pressing. Fourth, French banks are fortunately in rather good shape and problems in the financial system are not a major concern. Putting these factors together illustrates the “paradox” that is the French economy. This is a highly developed country whose economic performance in many ways is disappointing. However, France is, after all, a democracy. Navigating the country out of this paradox can be done, but only in a way that is French. Thinking that France will somehow transform itself into Germany is delusional. On the other hand, France needs to avoid becoming a larger version of Italy.
25
Audra, Philippe, Jean-Claude D’antoni-Nobecourt, and Jean-Yves Bigot. "Hypogenic caves in France. Speleogenesis and morphology of the cave systems." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 181, no. 4 (July 1, 2010): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.181.4.327.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Hypogenic caves develop by recharge from below, not directly influenced by seepage from the overlying land surface. Several processes of speleogenesis are combined, involving CO2 or H2S produced at depth. If the recharge from depth remains uniform, the growth of selected fissures is prevented, giving rise to maze cave systems with an upward development trend, which is defined as “transverse speleogenesis” [Klimchouk, 2003]. Hypogenic caves are much fewer than epigenic caves (i.e. developed downwards by meteoric water with aggressivity derived from soil). In France, as in the rest of the world, hypogenic caves were poorly recognized until recently because of their lower frequency, subsequent epigenic imprint often hiding the true origin, and the absence of a global conceptual model. However, about a hundred of hypogenic caves have been identified recently in France. The extreme diversity of hypogenic cave patterns and features is due to the variety of geological and topographic settings and types of flow. Thermal caves are a sub-set of hypogenic caves. Active thermal caves are few and small (Mas d’En Caraman, Vallon du Salut). Often, thermal influences only occur as point thermal infeeders into epigenic caves (Mescla, Estramar). In addition to the higher temperature, they may be characterized by CO2 (Madeleine) or H2S degassing, by warm water flowing in ceiling channels, or by manganese deposits. The Giant Phreatic Shafts locate along regional active faultlines. They combine all characteristics (thermal, CO2, H2S), due to the fast rising of deep water. The Salins Spring has been explored by scuba diving down to −70 m. Such a hyperkarstification is responsible for the development of the deepest phreatic shafts of the world: pozzo del Merro, Italy (−392 in). Inactive hypogenic caves may be recognized by their specific mineralization or by the presence of large calcite spar. Metallic deposits are due to the rising of deep waters that are warm, aggressive, and low in oxidation potential. Mixing with meteoric water generates Mississippi Valley Type (MVT) sulfidic ores. Iron deposits as massive bodies (Lagnes) or onto microbial media (Iboussières, Malacoste) making specific facies, such as “black tubes”, iron flakes, and iron pool fingers. Other frequent minerals are Mn oxides and Pb sulfur. In such low thermal conditions, calcite deposits occur as large spar in geodes or as passage linings. Other inactive hypogenic caves may also be recognized by characteristic patterns, such as mazes. The relatively constant recharge into confined karst aquifers suppresses fissure competition, so they enlarge at similar rates, producing a maze pattern. In horizontal beds, mazes extend centrifugally around the upwelling feeder. The juxtaposition of multiple discrete vertical feeders produces extended horizontal mazes. In gently tilted structures, 2D mazes extend below aquitards, or along bedding or more porous beds (Saint-Sébastien). In thick folded limestone the rising hypogenic flow alternatively follows joints and bedding planes, producing a 3D maze cave in a staircase pattern (Pigette). Isolated chambers are large cupola-like chambers fed by thermal slots. Thermal convection of air in a CO2-rich atmosphere causes condensation-corrosion that quickly produces voids above the water table (Champignons Cave). Sulfuric acid caves with replacement gypsum are produced by H2S degassing in the cave atmosphere. H2S oxidizes to H2SO4, which corrodes the carbonate rock and replaces it with gypsum. The strongest corrosion occurs above the water table, where sulfide degassing and thermal convection produce strong condensation-corrosion. Caves develop headward from springs and from thermo-sulfuric slots upward (Chevalley-Serpents System). The low-gradient main drains record base-level positions and even the slightest stages of water-table lowering (Chat Cave). Hypogenic speleogenesis provides better understanding of the distribution of karst voids responsible for subsidence hazards and the emplacement of minerals and hydrocarbons.
26
Olefirenko, Taras, Mykola Pryhodii, and Daria Voronina-Pryhodii. "EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE OF TEACHERS TRAINING OF GENERAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF GERMANY, FRANCE AND ITALY)." Professional Pedagogics 2, no. 25 (December 18, 2022): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32835/2707-3092.2022.25.94-103.
Full textAbstract:
Relevance: the integration processes in the relations between Europe and Ukraine on the organization of education and public life actualize the need to analyse the European experience in training future teachers, but the process of reforming the education system today has many problems in training highly qualified specialists in the field of education. Aim: determining the specifics of vocational teacher education in the leading countries of the European Community. Methods: analysis to determine the state of professional and pedagogical training of future teachers in Germany, France and Italy; generalization to formulate conclusions about the state of training of future teachers. Results: it is established that the ultimate goal of introducing inquiry-based learning in German teacher education is to increase the professionalization of future teachers, which can be described by two internationally known concepts: "teacher as a reflexive practitioner" and "teacher as a researcher"; it is determined that in France there are uniform standards of teacher education throughout the country, integration of theoretical, practical and research components of professional training; passing a competitive exam to fill a vacant position in educational institutions of various types due to the fact that teaching staff belong to the category of civil servants, a competency-based approach to the expected learning outcomes; the article reveals that the Italian teacher education system is based on a "sequential model" for secondary school teachers, which requires a strong disciplinary competence, followed by a one- or two-year training program. Conclusions: Germany has announced significant investments in the digitalization of education. The country is preparing for fundamental changes in the skills of its workforce by implementing digital initiatives and reorienting the adult education system. The teaching staff is aging, and Germany faces the challenge of replacing a large number of teachers. In France, efforts continue to improve educational outcomes and reduce inequality, with support for teaching staff and increased funding measures. Authorities face the challenge of balancing the rapid pace of reform with the need to consult with stakeholders to ensure optimal impact. The proportion of Italian teachers satisfied with their jobs is among the highest in the EU, but only a small proportion feel that their profession is valued. The level of higher education is low, and the transition from education to work remains difficult even for highly qualified people.
27
Nishimura, Kunihiro, Yasuhiro Suzuki, Munehiko Sato, Oribe Hayashi, LiWei Yang, Kentaro Kimura, Shinya Nishizaka, et al. "A Virtual Train with a Container Using Visual and Auditory Representation of Train Movement." International Journal of Creative Interfaces and Computer Graphics 4, no. 1 (January 2013): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcicg.2013010103.
Full textAbstract:
The authors are used to riding a train in their daily life. If one could ride a train virtually without physical movement of the train, one could travel and see the world much more. Thus, the authors made a virtual train with a container. When you enter the virtual train, you can see various kinds of scenes through train windows and can also hear a sound of train movement. You can see scenes of foreign countries, such as Japan, Korea, France, and so on. In this paper, the authors propose a new experience-based system using a container to resemble to a train. The authors have implemented this system as a media art artwork named “Train Window of Container”. The authors discuss the system implemented in the container that provides us to feel a sense as if they were in a train. The authors use visual and auditory information that provides you a new sense of moving of a train car. The authors exhibited the artwork “Train Window of Container” for five days and had about 13,000 audiences and got feedbacks from them.
28
Liénard, A., C. Boutin, and R. Bois. "Coupling of Reed Bed Filters and Ponds: An Example in France." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 10 (November 1, 1993): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0225.
Full textAbstract:
The study of wastewater treatment series based on the use of macrophyte beds, in accordance with a design initially developed in Germany by Dr. Seidel, was initiated by CEMAGREF in 1983. The number of plants constructed was deliberately limited and they were subject to regular assessments and improvements. It was thus shown that only reed bed filters that were drained and alternately fed, were able to handle a pollutant load of the order of 80 g COD m-2 day-1 with satisfactory treatment reliability over a period of several years. The Gensac la Pallue plant, in the Charente department, is original since it combines this type of filter in the first treatment stage with three microphyte ponds designed with a low theoretical residence time of 21 days (compared with the usual residence time of 30 days in tertiary treatment). The whole treatment series only occupies an effective surface area of approximately 6 m2 per p.e. (about 1 m2 and 5 m2 for filters and ponds respectively). After 5 years of operation and monitoring, it has been clearly established that filters dosed with raw wastewater at a rate of 65 g of COD and 30g of TSSm-3 per day, regularly achieve a removal rate of 70 to 85 % of these same elements without clogging. The daily hydraulic load that the filter can withstand in service regularly exceeded 2 metres in the month of November 1992. The ponds finish the treatment and this article limits itself to analysing results relating to the elimination of nutrient, which reaches 35% for nitrogen and 55% for phosphorus. Residence times that are too short in winter, in conjunction with a large part of the sewerage system being of combined type, can sometimes temporarily lead to an increase in the amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus discharged to the natural environment.
29
Sweet, Michael L., Gwladys T. Gaillot, Gwenael Jouet, Tammy M. Rittenour, Samuel Toucanne, Tania Marsset, and Michael D. Blum. "Sediment routing from shelf to basin floor in the Quaternary Golo System of Eastern Corsica, France, western Mediterranean Sea." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 5-6 (October 29, 2019): 1217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35181.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract How and when sediment moves from shallow marine to deep-water environments is an important and poorly understood control on basin-scale sediment dispersal patterns, the evolution of continental margins, and hydrocarbon exploration in deep-water basins. The Golo River (Eastern Corsica, France), its delta, canyons, and fans provide a unique opportunity to study sediment routing from source to sink in a relatively compact depositional system. We studied this system using an array of high-frequency seismic data, multi-beam bathymetry, and five cores for lithology and age control. Movement of sediment to deep water was controlled by interactions between the Golo River, the Golo Delta, and shelf-penetrating submarine canyons. Sediment moved to deep water when lobes of the Golo Delta prograded to the heads of these canyons, or when the Golo River itself flowed directly into one of them. Sand accumulated in canyons, deep-water channels, and submarine fans during glacial periods of low sea level, while mud was deposited throughout the slope, in the relatively short reach of leveed-confined channels, and in the mud-rich fringes around the sandy fans. During interglacial periods of high sea level, the basin was blanketed by mud-rich deposits up to 10 m thick interbedded with distinctive carbonate-rich sediments. Deposition rates in the basin ranged from 0.07 m/ka to 0.59 m/ka over the last 450 ka. Mud deposition rates remained relatively constant at ∼0.16 m/ka during all time periods, while sand deposition only happened during glacial periods of low sea level with an average rate of 0.24 m/ka. In addition to sea-level controls on sediment delivery, avulsions of the Golo River and its deltaic lobes preferentially routed sediment down either the North or South Golo canyons. Thus, while the larger, sequence-scale architecture of the basin is controlled by allogenic sea level forcing, millennial-scale autogenic processes operating on the shelf and in deep water shaped the distribution of sand and mud, and the internal geometry of the deltas and submarine fans that they fed. While some aspects of the Golo system are characteristic of steep, tectonically active margins, others such as the nature of connections between rivers and shelf-penetrating submarine canyons are observed in most margins with active submarine fans regardless of their tectonic setting.
30
Lucas-Lamouroux, Christine, Olivier Vincent, Brice Roffino, Pauline Suchet, and Mihaela Racape. "Model-based system engineering, an industrialization path for decommissioning projects by ASSYSTEM." EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies 9 (2023): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjn/2023008.
Full textAbstract:
Dismantling projects (dismantling of the high activity tanks of the UP1 plant, treatment of residual sodium from the Rapsodie facility, recovery of bitumen drums from the STEL Marcoule casemates, …) are complex because of budgets constraints, no return on investment, and characterized by an environment with great uncertainty (NEA OCDE, The decommissioning and dismantling of nuclear facilities, status, approaches, challenges 2020 [1]). This is particularly true for fuel cycle facilities, which are mainly all first-of-a-kind; but it is also valid for commercial NPP (notably on the budget constraints). The main challenges are to (i) conciliate the cost control & risks of uncertainties due to technical subjects, which is the hard skills of the system, and (ii) manage the interfaces between the product owner, engineering, technology provider, operators, & regulators, which is the soft skills of the system. These projects do not progress as much as everyone would like, with a reluctance to move into execution, stuck into several “rounds” of re-engineering studies leading to additional delays and costs. It is necessary to treat the subject as a complex system. The DEMOLOGIST suite is one answer that we implemented to treat these complex projects as systems by deploying a method based on system engineering management of data while developing adapted digital plug-in software to collect, organize and harmonize the data at every stage (archives, regulators requirements, field operations) to feed the method. This is notably the case on a project aiming at studying the best option to deal with sodium management in France.
31
Velázquez, J. A., F. Anctil, M. H. Ramos, and C. Perrin. "Can a multi-model approach improve hydrological ensemble forecasting? A study on 29 French catchments using 16 hydrological model structures." Advances in Geosciences 29 (February 28, 2011): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-29-33-2011.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. An operational hydrological ensemble forecasting system based on a meteorological ensemble prediction system (M-EPS) coupled with a hydrological model searches to capture the uncertainties associated with the meteorological prediction to better predict river flows. However, the structure of the hydrological model is also an important source of uncertainty that has to be taken into account. This study aims at evaluating and comparing the performance and the reliability of different types of hydrological ensemble prediction systems (H-EPS), when ensemble weather forecasts are combined with a multi-model approach. The study is based on 29 catchments in France and 16 lumped hydrological model structures, driven by the weather forecasts from the European centre for medium-range weather forecasts (ECMWF). Results show that the ensemble predictions produced by a combination of several hydrological model structures and meteorological ensembles have higher skill and reliability than ensemble predictions given either by one single hydrological model fed by weather ensemble predictions or by several hydrological models and a deterministic meteorological forecast.
32
Pigłowski, Marcin. "The Intra-European Union Food Trade with the Relation to the Notifications in the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 1623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041623.
Full textAbstract:
About three-quarters of food exports from European Union (EU) countries goes to the common market in which the free movement of products is ensured. Therefore, it is important to examine from which EU countries the food is exported, what food products they are, and what hazards may be present in these products. The data for research were obtained for 1999–2018 from the Eurostat database (according to the Standard International Trade Classification—SITC) and the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) database. Then, cluster analysis was performed using joining (tree clustering) and two-way joining methods. The main food exporters were the following countries: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, and the United Kingdom. They exported: cereals, fruits and vegetables, beverages and feeding stuff (in quantitative terms) and fruits and vegetables, meat, dairy products, and cereals (in terms of value). In turn, the most frequently notified hazards in food originating from these countries were: pathogenic micro-organisms, microbial contaminants, metals, composition, foreign bodies, allergens, and pesticide residues. The increase in the number of alert notifications in the RASFF is particularly noticeable in recent years. The results of the research may be useful for activities related to food traceability, changes in the European law, and encouraging the use of extensive methods in agriculture.
33
Dreyer, Moritz, Stefan Hörtenhuber, Werner Zollitsch, Henry Jäger, Lisa-Marie Schaden, Andreas Gronauer, and Iris Kral. "Environmental life cycle assessment of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) production for human consumption in Austria – a comparison of mealworm and broiler as protein source." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 26, no. 11 (October 7, 2021): 2232–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-021-01980-4.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Purpose Global food production needs to increase to provide enough food for over 9 billion people living by 2050. Traditional animal production is among the leading causes for climate change and occupation of land. Edible insects might be a sustainable protein supply to humans, but environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) studies on them are scarce. This study performs an LCA of a small-scale production system of yellow mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) in Central Europe that are supplied with organic feedstuff. Methods A combined ReCiPe midpoint (H) and CED method is used to estimate the potential environmental impacts from cradle-to-gate. Impact categories include global warming potential (GWP), non-renewable energy use (NREU), agricultural land occupation (ALOP), terrestrial acidification potential (TAP) and freshwater eutrophication potential (FEP). The robustness of the results is tested via sensitivity analyses and Monte Carlo simulations. Results and discussion Impacts related to the production of 1 kg of edible mealworm protein amount to 20.4 kg CO2-eq (GWP), 213.66 MJ-eq (NREU), 22.38 m2 (ALOP), 159.52 g SO2-eq (TAP) and 12.41 g P-eq (FEP). Upstream feed production and on-farm energy demand related to the heating of the facilities are identified as environmental hot-spots: Depending on the impact category, feed supply contributes up to 90% and on-farm heating accounts for up to 65% of overall impacts. The organic mealworm production system is contrasted with a selected Austrian organic broiler production system, to which it compares favourably (18–72% lower impacts per category), with the exception of freshwater eutrophication (6% higher impacts). Conclusions This case study shows that the Austrian mealworm production system compares favourably to traditional livestock systems. Compared to LCAs from large-scale T. molitor rearing facilities in France and in the Netherlands, however, the Austrian production system cannot compete for the reasons of production scale, feed conversion efficiency and type of production system. Nevertheless, the investigated mealworms represent a sustainable protein alternative that should be added to the Western diet.
34
Zeola, Nivea Maria Brancacci Lopes, Américo Garcia da Silva Sobrinho, Hirasilva Borba, Laura Guilardi Giroto, Julia Consolim Franhani, and José Carlos Barbosa. "Meat quality of lambs fed phytogenic additives." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 42, no. 6supl2 (October 8, 2021): 3883–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n6supl2p3883.
Full textAbstract:
The study was developed in the Sheep Production Laboratory of the Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. Thirty-two non-castrated Ile de France lambs weighing 20.0 ± 0.2 kg received 4 diets with a roughage: concentrate ratio of 40: 60. The experimental treatments consisted of D1: corn silage + concentrate; D2: corn silage + concentrate + 30 mg rosemary extract kg body weight1; D3: corn silage + concentrate + 30 mg green tea extract kg body weight-1; and D4: corn silage + concentrate + 30 mg oregano extract kg body weight-1, up to 35.0 ± 0.2 kg body weight. The objectives were to evaluate rib eye area, cholesterol content, lipid oxidation, qualitative parameters, as well as perform sensory analysis, centesimal composition, and fatty acid profile of the meat. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and eight replicates. The treatments were compared by Tukey’s test through the SAS software (Statistical Analysis System Institute [SAS], 2003). Inclusion of phytogenic additives into the diets did not affect the qualitative parameters cholesterol content, lipid oxidation, and centesimal composition (except for protein content, which was lower in D2, 22.57%, compared to D1, 25.62%), as well as meat fatty acid profile (except for C18: 1n7 cis-vaccenic). The use of phytogenic additives provided suitable qualitative parameters.
35
Gordleeva, S. Yu, S. A. Lobov, V. I. Mironov, I. A. Kastalskiy, M. V. Lukoyanov, N. P. Krilova, I. V. Mukhina, A. Ya Kaplan, and V. B. Kazantsev. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPLEX CONTROLLING ROBOTIC DEVICES BY MEANS OF BIOELECTRIC SIGNALS OF THE BRAIN AND MUSCLES." Science and Innovations in Medicine 1, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35693/2500-1388-2016-0-3-77-82.
Full textAbstract:
Aim - to develop a hardware-software complex with combined command-proportional control of robotic devices based on electromyography (EMG) and electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Materials and methods. EMG and EEG signals are recorded using our original units. The system also supports a number of commercial EEG and EMG recording systems, such as NVX52 (MCS ltd, Russia), DELSYS Trigno (Delsys Inc, USA), MYO Thalmic (Thalmic Labs, Canada). Raw signals undergo preprocessing and feature extraction. Then features are fed to classifiers. The interpretation unit controls robotic devices on the base of classified EEG- and EMG-patterns and muscle effort estimation. The number of controlled devices includes mobile robot LEGO NXT Mindstorms (LEGO, Denmark), humanoid robot NAO (Aldebaran, France) and exoskeleton Ilia Muromets (UNN, Russia). Results. We have developed and tested an interface combining command and proportional control based on EMG signals. We have determined the parameters providing optimal characteristics of classification accuracy of EMG patterns, as well as the speed and accuracy of proportional control. Also we have developed and tested a BCI interface based on motor imagined patterns. Both EMG and EEG interfaces are included into hardware and software system. The system combines outputs of the interfaces and sends commands to a robotic device. Conclusion. We have developed and approved the hardware-software system on the basis of the combined command-proportional EMG and EEG control of external robotic devices.
36
Viennet, David, Guillaume Lorette, David Labat, Matthieu Fournier, Mathieu Sebilo, Olivier Araspin, and Pierre Crançon. "Mobile Sources Mixing Model Implementation for a Better Quantification of Hydrochemical Origins in Allogenic Karst Outlets: Application on the Ouysse Karst System." Water 15, no. 3 (January 18, 2023): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15030397.
Full textAbstract:
On the edge of sedimentary basins, karst aquifers can be fed by several water sources from both autogenic and allogenic recharge. In some cases, assessing water origins can be hard and cause some difficulties for water resource management. The main goal of this study is to show the implementation of the mobile sources mixing model approach. More precisely, this research develops how a monitoring method using a multi-proxy approach can be used to quantify waters sources contributions from several origins at the outlets of a karst system. The study site is the Ouysse karst system, located in western France. The site offers the opportunity to understand the mixing processes between allogenic and autogenic water recharges. The karst system covers a 650 km² watershed, and is fed by three different chemical facies: (i) Autogenic water from the direct infiltration on the karstified limestones with high HCO3− values (median: 436 mg.L−1); (ii) Water coming from sinking rivers fed by spring coming from igneous rocks with low mineralization but relatively higher K+ values (median: 4.2 mg.L−1); (iii) Highly mineralized water coming from deep evaporitic layers and feeding another sinking river with very high sulfate concentrations (median: 400 mg.L−1). Sliding window cross-correlation analyses and hydrochemical analyses during a flood event are performed to implement a mobile source mixing model approach. This approach shows significant differences with a simple fixed source mixing model and appears more reliable but requires more time and money to carry out. The results and conclusion of this study will be used for forecasting and managing operational actions for resource management.
37
Billen, G., J. Garnier, V. Thieu, M. Silvestre, S. Barles, and P. Chatzimpiros. "Localising the nitrogen imprint of the Paris food supply: the potential of organic farming and changes in human diet." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 6 (November 10, 2011): 10979–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-10979-2011.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The Seine watershed has long been the food-supplying hinterland of Paris, providing most of the animal and vegetal protein consumed in the city. Nowadays, because of the land specialisation of agriculture made possible by the shift from manure-based to synthetic nitrogen fertilisation, the Seine watershed, although it exports 80% of its huge cereal production, still provides most of the cereal consumed by the Paris agglomeration. The meat and milk supply originate, however, mainly from regions in the North and West of France, specialised in animal farming and importing about 30% of their feed from South America. As it works today, this system is responsible for a severe nitrate contamination of surface groundwater resources. Herein two scenarios of re-localising Paris's food supply are explored, based on organic farming and local provision of animal feed. We show that for the Seine watershed it is technically possible to design an agricultural system able to provide all the plant- and animal-based food required by the population, to deliver sub-root water meeting the drinking water standards and still to export a significant proportion of its production to areas less suitable for cereal cultivation. Decreasing the share of animal products in the human diet has a strong impact on the nitrogen imprint of urban food supply.
38
Billen, G., J. Garnier, V. Thieu, M. Silvestre, S. Barles, and P. Chatzimpiros. "Localising the nitrogen imprint of the Paris food supply: the potential of organic farming and changes in human diet." Biogeosciences 9, no. 1 (January 31, 2012): 607–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-607-2012.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The Seine watershed has long been the food-supplying hinterland of Paris, providing most of the animal and vegetal protein consumed in the city. Nowadays, the shift from manure-based to synthetic nitrogen fertilisation, has made possible a strong land specialisation of agriculture in the Seine watershed: it still provides most of the cereal consumed by the Paris agglomeration, but exports 80% of its huge cereal production. On the other hand the meat and milk supply originates mainly from regions in the North and West of France, specialised in animal farming and importing about 30% of their feed from South America. As it works today, this system is responsible for a severe nitrate contamination of surface and groundwater resources. Herein two scenarios of re-localising Paris's food supply are explored, based on organic farming and local provision of animal feed. We show that for the Seine watershed it is technically possible to design an agricultural system able to provide all the plant- and animal-based food required by the population, to deliver sub-root water meeting the drinking water standards and still to export a significant proportion of its production to areas less suitable for cereal cultivation. Decreasing the share of animal products in the human diet has a strong impact on the nitrogen imprint of urban food supply.
39
Pramono, Bambang, Syachman Perdymer, Handri Adiwilaga, Nurkholisoh Ibnu Aman, Rio Khasananda, Saraswati Saraswati, and Illinia Ayudhia Riyadi. "QUARTERLY OUTLOOK ON MONETARY, BANKING, AND PAYMENT SYSTEM IN INDONESIA: QUARTER I, 2017." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 19, no. 4 (July 7, 2017): 355–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v19i4.692.
Full textAbstract:
Globally, the economy continues to recover. The economic growth in AS increases supported by solid consumption and increase on non-residential investment, as well as the economy of Tiongkok, supported by private investment and better export performance. European economy also better off with stronger consumption and export, and the reduction of geopolitical risk post the presidential election in France. The economy in Japan also increases supported by stronger domestic and export demand. This global trend supports the growth in Indonesia that rises to the level of 5,01% (yoy), with the pillars of exportperformance, better global demand and commodity prices, as well as higher government expenditure – particularly on investment – and the household consumption. Spatially, the national growth was mainly from Java and Kalimantan due to their better export performance. Inflation increases slightly particularly related to price regulation implemented in early 2017. Spatially, inflation occurs in most area except Sumatera who recorded deflation. The balance of payment recorded a surplus arisen from financial and capital surplus of 7.9 milliard dolar AS. However, the current account recorded deficit due to the deficit of oil trade balance and primary income. The reserve increases to 121.8 miliar dolar AS, accompanied with stronger Rupiah with lower volatility relative to peer countries. Following the monetary ease on previous Quarter IV, 2016, the monetary transmission is better yet not optimal due to the prudent practice of the bank on allocating credit. The interest rate decreases reflected on daily PUAB O/N reduction by 7 point to 4.23%. The deposit rate also decreases as well as the lending rate with larger decrease. Lookingforward, the growth in 2017 will be higher than 2016 on the range of 5.0 – 5.4%, while inflation will be around the target of 4 + 1%. We need to anticipate the impact of Fed Fund Rate increase, the lower of FED balance, and the trade and fiscal US policy, as well as the geopolitical dynamics across regions particularly in Korean Bay. Bank Indonesia will keep strengthening his policy mix and macroprudential, and his coordination with the government to ensure the inflation control, greater stimulus for growth, and the implementation of structural reform run on the right track, and hence preserve the sustainable economic development.
40
Teres, Daniel, Thomas Higgins, Jay Steingrub, Laurie Loiacono, William Mcgee, Lori Circeo, Mary Brunton, et al. "Defining a High-Performance ICU System for the 21st Century: A Position Paper." Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 13, no. 4 (July 1998): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088506669801300407.
Full textAbstract:
In the fall of 1997 George D. Lundberg and John E. Wennberg wrote an editorial in JAMA calling for comprehensive quality improvement programs to become the driver of the American health care system. The suggestion came during the Second European Forum on Quality Improvement in Health Care held in Paris, France, in April 1997 and was based on comments made by Donald Berwick. The concept was to focus on an organized response to problem identification and proposed solutions to improve patient care and protect the health of the public. Critical care medicine represents a large segment of health care and is undergoing dramatic changes during our managed care revolution. General ICU severity of illness models have been developed, tested, and shown to provide a useful estimate of hospital mortality for populations of critically ill patients. These systems have captured the imagination of clinical researchers and have become an integral component of a large number of publications as well as a part of many ICU databases. These risk adjustment severity models are remarkably robust for heterogeneous patient populations but the models have not been shown to validate well in new settings. We feel that by focusing on the episode of critical illness rather than each individual ICU admission and by going beyond the traditional acute hospital discharge to determine whether the patient lives or dies, we can better evaluate critical care system performance and cost-effectiveness. The incentives for high quality/low cost should favor integrated comprehensive critical care delivery systems. Programs that score well should be identified as high quality and be honored as medallion level 1 ICUs. We challenge national and international critical care societies to evaluate and then debate the described definitions and recommendations as a call to action.
41
Balibrea-Iniesta, José. "Economic Analysis of Renewable Energy Regulation in France: A Case Study for Photovoltaic Plants Based on Real Options." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 1, 2020): 2760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112760.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, a novel methodology based on the real options theory has been developed for the evaluation of photovoltaic energy projects with a capacity greater than 100 KW in France. French legislation that regulates these types of projects presents two real options: on the one hand, the producer has a put option that consists of choosing between a Feed-in Tariff system and electricity market sale prices every year, and this put option coincides with public subsidies granted by the French Administration. On the other hand, the French Administration has a call option that provides a benefit to the public sector. This option supposes a limit on the subsidized production of electricity and reduces the value of the project to the promoter. The value of the put option is 4.28 € per MWh generated. The Extended Net Present Value has a value of −5.26 million Euros. The breakeven point of the project is achieved with an increase of 59% in the regulated rate. This means that the French Administration must increase the value of public subsidies if it wants to develop large-scale projects.
42
Wachtel, Tom J. "Fee-for-Time System." JAMA 270, no. 10 (September 8, 1993): 1226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1993.03510100076036.
Full text
43
Tasca, F. A., L. B. Assunção, and A. R. Finotti. "International experiences in stormwater fee." Water Science and Technology 2017, no. 1 (March 8, 2018): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.112.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Stormwater management (SWM) includes a wide range of services aimed at environmental protection, enhancement of water resources and flood control. Local governments are responsible for managing all these aspects within their jurisdiction, but they often present limitations in generating revenues. Thus, many municipalities have been seeking a dedicated funding source for these programs and practices. This publication provides a brief overview of current legal issues associated with stormwater funding focusing on the most used method: fees. It is a successful mechanism to fund legal obligations of municipalities; however, it must have a significant value to motivate the reduction of runoff. Through literature, we found stormwater fees in Australia, Brazil, Canada, Ecuador, France, Germany, Poland, South Africa and the United States (USA). France had the highest average monthly fee, but this financing experience was suspended in 2014. Brazil has the lowest fee by m², comparable to the US fee. While in Brazil overall SWM represents low priority investments, the USA represents one of the most evolved countries in stormwater funding practices. It was noticed by reviewing the international experience that charging stormwater fees is a successful mechanism to fund the legal obligations and environmental protection.
44
Haffaf, Aziz, Fatiha Lakdja, and Djaffar Ould Abdeslam. "Experimental performance analysis of an installed microgrid-based PV/battery/EV grid-connected system." Clean Energy 6, no. 4 (July 14, 2022): 599–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkac035.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Global energy demand, which is largely based on fossil fuels, is expected to increase rapidly. An effort must be made to mitigate carbon emissions and climate change to ensure sustainable and clean development. In recent years, the increasing share of renewable energy and energy-storage systems, the development of electric vehicles (EVs), promotion of energy efficiency and demand-side management (DSM) have become today’s solution technologies. The microgrid (MG), which involves the interconnection of several generation and storage units capable of operating locally with or without connection to the power grid, is also a very useful emerging technology. This study allowed the experimental operation and performance analysis of a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV)/battery/EV MG hybrid system, which was used for maximizing PV self-consumption and DSM objectives. The entire MG consisting of two subsystems (polycrystalline PV array of 2.16 kWp for Subsystem 1, monocrystalline PV system of 2.4 kWp for Subsystem 2, EV with lithium-ion battery capacity of 6.1 kWh) was installed under outdoor conditions at the University Institute of Technology in Mulhouse, France in August 2018. The operation and behaviour of the system components, including the inverter, batteries and power grid, were analysed in both scenarios with and without EV connection. The results shows that the total cumulative energy injected into the grid during the entire system operating cycle is estimated to be 3466.82 and 5836.58 kWh for Subsystems 1 and 2, respectively. In addition, the energy produced by Subsystem 2 during its lifetime and the emissions emitted are respectively estimated at 5597.65 kWh and 4.17 tons. The other results in terms of PV output power, energy yield, feed-in power and self-consumed energy were quantified and analysed in detail.
45
Ostrovska, Natalia. "WORLD EXPERIENCE OF TAX AND FEES MANAGEMENT." Economic discourse, no. 1-2 (May 31, 2021): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.36742/2410-0919-2021-1-10.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Given the deepening disparities in the economic and social system of the state, political confrontations, resulting in imbalances in public finances and increased debt risks, the tax component should be the basis for the formation of budgetary resources of the state. State revenues determine the social and economic level of development of regions and countries, as well as financial support of the population. Looking at this, the main task of the state is to balance its revenues with expenditures. Since a significant excess of expenditures over revenues lead to an economic crisis, rising public debt, the budget deficit of others. The tax component is the basis for the formation of state budget resources in an unstable fiscal space. This is an important link that contributes to the development of social and economic relations and requires constant monitoring. Methods. The study uses the fundamental provisions of economic theory, tax theory, as well as studies of domestic and foreign scholars. General scientific principles of conducting complex scientific researches were used to solve the set tasks. In the process of research a number of general scientific methods were used, in particular: analogies, logical generalization and system analysis. Results. Based on the selected problems, the foreign experience of such countries as the USA, Germany, Canada, France, Japan, Australia, Great Britain and Italy was studied, on the basis of which the prospects of improving the collection of taxes and fees in Ukraine were singled out. Discussion. In order to solve the problems of collecting taxes and fees, it is necessary to: gradually shift the fiscal burden towards direct taxes, which will be a direct result of increasing the dependence of public authorities on the economic development of the territory; the preservation of the current rather high role of intergovernmental transfers is a consequence of the strong differentiation of regions according to the level of social and economic development and the objective necessity in modern conditions; competition between regions should, first of all, be carried out at the expense of formation of a favourable business environment: improvement of investment climate, development of infrastructure, reduction of administrative barriers, instead of establishment of preferential tax regimes. Prospects for further research on the collection of taxes and fees may be to strengthen the study not only of the level of tax burden, but also the optimal combination of direct and indirect taxes. Keywords: taxes, tax system, budget, budget revenues.
46
Bertoletti, Laurent, Gaelle Gusto, Artak Khachatryan, Nadia Quignot, Jose Chaves, Audrey Moniot, and Ruth Mokgokong. "Anticoagulant Treatment Patterns and Outcomes in Patients with Venous Thromboembolism and Active Cancer - a Nationwide Cohort Study in France." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-147748.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract BACKGROUND: Cancer is a major risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and for all-cause mortality following a VTE event. Higher risk can be attributed to certain cancer types and to metastatic disease. Until recently the gold standard for VTE and active cancer was low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), shown to be superior to warfarin in preventing thrombosis (Lee et al. 2003). Previously only minimal data from the direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) pivotal RCTs were available in this population. However recent RCTs have been conducted that provide rationale for the use of DOACs as an alternative to LMWH in this patient group (Agnelli et al. 2020; Raskob et al. 2018; Young et al. 2018). This evidence is reflected in international guidelines (ASH 2021; ESC 2019; ITAC 2019, NCCN 2021) where DOACs are now proposed in VTE and active cancer patients without gastrointestinal cancer. PURPOSE: To describe patient characteristics, anticoagulant (AC) treatment patterns and outcomes among patients with VTE and active cancer in France. The analysis included all relevant ACs that were available for the treatment of VTE to understand how treatment recommendations were being reflected in clinical practice. METHODS: A nationwide retrospective cohort study of all adult patients (identified via the French national health data system: SNDS) with VTE and active cancer prescribed LMWH, a vitamin K antagonist (VKA), or a DOAC (apixaban or rivaroxaban) from 2013 to 2018. AC treatment-naïve (defined as patients without an AC prescription 24 months prior to index VTE) and AC treatment-experienced patients were included. Active cancer was defined by the presence of medical claims for cancer diagnosis or cancer-specific treatment in the 6 months prior or 30 days after index VTE event. A modified Khorana VTE risk scale (based on ICD codes and not blood tests) was used to evaluate the distribution of baseline VTE risk associated with different cancers. Rates of bleeding (defined as principal diagnoses of hospital stays), recurrent VTE, and all-cause mortality were assessed at 6 months for the standard of care (LMWH) cohort. RESULTS: 39,023 patients with VTE and active cancer were included. Most patients were prescribed LMWH 31,771 (81.42%), followed by rivaroxaban 2,259 (5.79%), VKAs 1,591 (4.08%), and apixaban 678 (1.74%). 2,724 (6.98%) were prescribed other parenteral anticoagulants (PAC) or PAC combinations. A slightly lower proportion of patients prescribed LMWH or VKAs were AC treatment naïve (44.4% and 45% respectively) compared to those prescribed rivaroxaban (51.2%) or apixaban (51.6%). Median duration of treatment (months; IQR) was shortest for LMWH patients (3.84; 1.35-8.48) and similar amongst the other ACs: VKAs (5.26; 1.05-14.16), rivaroxaban (5.85; 1.91-10.74), and apixaban (5.73; 1.74-9.07). Patients initiating VKAs and apixaban were older than those initiating rivaroxaban or LMWH (mean age in years: VKAs, 74; apixaban, 73; rivaroxaban, 67; LMWH, 66) however, LMWH patients had a higher comorbidity burden (mean CCI score: LMWH 6.4, VKAs, 4.95; rivaroxaban, 4.20; apixaban, 4.31). The proportion of patients with pulmonary embolism (PE), with or without DVT, was lower for LMWH and VKA cohorts (58.74% and 61.85% respectively) compared to rivaroxaban (71.76%) and apixaban (69.32%). Amongst patients with a medical claim for cancer diagnosis, the majority receiving LMWH (19,300 (61.8%)) had cancers with very high risk (brain, pancreatic, stomach) or high risk (gynaecological, lung, lymphoma, testicular, renal cell) for VTE. This proportion was lower in patients receiving VKAs, 484 (40.27%); rivaroxaban, 719 (43.52%); or apixaban, 194 (40%). Metastatic disease was present in most LMWH patients 21,994 (72.14%) but only in about a third of those receiving other ACs: VKAs, 406 (34.18%); rivaroxaban, 591 (36.37%); and apixaban, 152 (31.73%). Event rates for LMWH are reported in the table. CONCLUSIONS: AC therapy for a significant majority of patients with VTE and active cancer was LMWH. Most LMWH patients had metastatic disease. Median LMWH treatment was less than 4 months and VTE-related clinical event rates remained high in this population, suggesting a key unmet medical need. Future studies reflecting potential changes in clinical practice, because of guideline updates and the emergence of new RCT evidence, are required to understand clinical outcomes with different AC treatments. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Bertoletti: Pfizer: Honoraria, Other: Personal fees; BMS: Honoraria, Other: Personal Fees; Aspen: Other: Personal Fees; Bayer: Other: Personal Fees; Leo Pharma: Other: Personal Fee. Gusto: Pfizer: Consultancy. Khachatryan: Pfizer: Consultancy. Quignot: Pfizer: Consultancy. Chaves: Pfizer: Current Employment. Moniot: Pfizer: Current Employment. Mokgokong: Pfizer: Current Employment.
47
Lacronique, J. F. "Technology in France." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 4, no. 3 (July 1988): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300000349.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe author describes how France has attempted to reconcile its ethos of optimum health care for all with a belief in free enterprise, with increasing medical costs and complex technological innovations, and with a traditional distrust of widespread regulation. Effective oversight of the diffusion of technology is further hampered by the shared responsibilities of several government agencies. Although France has enacted a fee schedule for physicians, created national procedures for evaluating equipment, and exercised some control over hospitals, the general sentiment is anti-bureaucratic and third-party insurers will most likely play an important role in limiting the diffusion of technology in the future.
48
Schiff, Claire, and Michèle Debrenne. "Same Origins, Different Destinies: New Migrants vs Descendants of Migrants." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 462 (2021): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/462/13.
Full textAbstract:
The article sheds light on certain peculiarities of immigration to France, which has become a multicultural country. The authors explain how the destinies of two categories of “immigrant” youth differ. The first are the “beurs”, children and grandchildren of migrants who arrived in France during the 1960s and 1970s, generally from the Maghreb. The second are the “blédards”, who migrated themselves from these countries during adolescence with their parents or in the framework of family reunification. After a short description of the successive waves of migration which have regularly reached France and a terminological clarification on the meaning of the words “foreigner” and “migrant”, the authors show how the trajectories of those who are French citizens, know the language and have attended the school system from the start differ from those of newcomers, although the two groups are often confused. The article presents analysis from the theoretical works devoted to the study of different waves of migration, in the USA and in other countries, then focuses on a presentation of the educational trajectories of the new arrivals and those of the descendants of migrants. Particular attention is paid to migrants’ adaptation to the labor market. Newcomers have less difficulty finding an internship than their classmates born in France. They are also more easily exploited, because they compensate their poor French language adopting a deferential attitude towards employers. When unemployed, they often find a job more easily than the descendants of migrants by relying on ethnic niches and networks of fellow citizens. The article underlines the role of the social environment in determining adaptation paths which can lead to acculturation and social mobility, to assimilation within a marginalized urban environment, or to economic integration into ethnic niches. The more hostile the environment and the less the migrants are adapted to the country’s economic and cultural codes, the more the ethnic community tends to rely on itself in order to protect its children from a form of assimilation seen as harmful. Finally, the authors present the different attitudes of young people from the two groups towards the host society. For the descendants of migrants, it is common to assimilate to groups of young people in low-income neighborhoods and to copy the behavioral pattern characteristic of the inhabitants of these neighborhoods with a high concentration of immigrant and minority populations. When they are victims of stigmatization because of their ethnic origin or their neighborhood of residence, these young people become very critical, sometimes adopting oppositional attitudes to the French society to which they belong. On the other hand, newcomers struggle to find their place, as they still feel in transit, are not necessarily sure to stay in the country which they see as a haven comparing to the difficult living conditions of their native country.
49
Coleman, Mark R., John W. Moran, Daniel H. Mowrey, J. P. Antalick, D. J. Bark, D. A. Bridges, N. L. Britton, et al. "Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Monensin in Premix and Animal Feeds: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 80, no. 4 (July 1, 1997): 693–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/80.4.693.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract An interlaboratory study of a liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determining monensin in premix (60–80 g/lb or 132–5176 mg/g) and animal feeds (5–200 g/ton or 0.0055–0.22 mg/g) was conducted in laboratoriesin the United States, Canada, France, and Germany. The LC system used a reversed- phase column, postcolumn derivatization with vanillin, and UV detection. The method separates monensin from other ionophores such as narasin and salinomycin. Each laboratory analyzed a total of 20 samples of premix, liquid feed supplements, poultry, and cattle feeds. Concentrations of monensin in all samples ranged from 0 to 176 mg/g (80 g/lb). Reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) for premix ranged from 2.8 to 3.4%. For feed samples containing monensin, repeatability standard deviation (Sr) ranged from 0.9 to 7.0. Reproducibility standard deviation (SR) ranged from 1.2 to 11. Repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) ranged from 6.1 to 21% and RSDR valuesranged from 8.6 to 25%. Sample preparation for the LC method is less labor intensive than that for the microbiological assays. The LC assay is more efficient than the microbiological assays. This LC method for determination of monensin in premix and animal feeds has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
50
Holm, Claus, and Frank Thinggaard. "Leaving a joint audit system: conditional fee reductions." Managerial Auditing Journal 29, no. 2 (February 3, 2014): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-05-2013-0862.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The authors aim to exploit a natural experiment in which voluntary replace mandatory joint audits for Danish listed companies and analyse audit fee implications of using one or two audit firms. Design/methodology/approach – Regression analysis is used. The authors apply both a core audit fee determinants model and an audit fee change model and include interaction terms. Findings – The authors find short-term fee reductions in companies switching to single audits, but only where the former joint audit contained a dominant auditor. The authors argue that in this situation bargaining power is more with the auditors than in an equally shared joint audit, and that the auditors' incentives to offer an initial fee discount are bigger. Research limitations/implications – The number of observations is constrained by the small Danish capital market. Future research could take a more qualitative research approach, to examine whether the use of a single audit firm rather than two has an effect on audit quality. The area calls for further theory development covering audit fee and audit quality in joint audit settings. Practical implications – Companies should consider their relationship with their auditors before deciding to switch to single auditors. Fee discounts do not seem to reflect long-lasting efficiency gains on the part of the audit firm. Originality/value – Denmark is the first country to leave a mandatory joint audit system, so this is the first time that it is possible to study fee effects related to this.