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Journal articles on the topic 'Federal'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 March 2023

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1

Lane, Jan-Erik. "Federal Language and Federal Realities." Zeitschrift für Staats- und Europawissenschaften 8, no. 2 (2010): 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/1610-7780-2010-2-251.

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2

Mark, Gideon. "Federal Discovery Stays." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 45.2 (2012): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.45.2.federal.

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In federal civil litigation, unless a discretionary stay is granted, discovery often proceeds while motions to dismiss are pending. Plaintiffs with non-meritorious cases can compel defendants to spend massively on electronic discovery before courts ever rule on such motions. Defendants who are unable or unwilling to incur the huge up-front expense of electronic discovery may be forced to settle non-meritorious claims. To address multiple electronic discovery issues, Congress amended the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure in 2006 and the Federal Rules of Evidence in 2008. However, the amendments failed to significantly reduce costs and failed to address the critical issue of discovery timing. This Article contends that a mandatory stay is the most effective solution to the problem of electronic discovery during the pendency of motions to dismiss. In 1995, the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act imposed a mandatory stay of all discovery while motions to dismiss are pending in actions alleging violations of securities laws, absent application of two limited statutory exceptions. This Article examines the operation of the mandatory stay in securities actions and concludes that it should be extended to electronic discovery in all federal civil litigation, unless an exception applies. Imposition of a mandatory stay of electronic discovery before the disposition of motions to dismiss is the most equitable and effective solution to the unresolved problem of coercive settlements.
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3

Maulin, Éric. "L’ordre juridique federal. l’etat federal authentique." Droits 35, no. 1 (2002): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/droit.035.0041.

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4

Blick, Andrew. "A Federal Scotland within a Federal UK." Scottish Affairs 68 (First Serie, no. 1 (August 2009): 78–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.2009.0041.

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5

Verhofstadt, Guy. "A Federal Spain in a Federal Europe." Federalist Debate 31, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tfd-2018-0009.

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6

ULUSOY, ÇELİK, and Demet Demet. "Federal toplumu anlamak: Federal sistemlerin sosyolojik yaklaşımı." Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 64, no. 3 (2015): 595–636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1501/hukfak_0000001788.

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7

CAMILO, SUSELI CRISTIANE ALVES. "A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA CIáŠNCIA DA HISTÓRIA NA COMPREENSáƒO DE POLáTICAS PÚBLICAS EDUCACIONAIS: uma análise do Programa de Apoio a Planos de Reestruturação e Expansão das Universidades Federais (REUNI) ”“ 2008-2012." Outros Tempos: Pesquisa em Foco - História 13, no. 22 (December 28, 2016): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18817/ot.v13i22.547.

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O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os resultados de uma análise do Programa de Apoio a Planos de Reestruturação e Expansão das Universidades Federais (REUNI). Este programa está sendo estudado como uma etapa no contexto de reforma nas universidades federais brasileiras, pensada desde meados dos anos 1980. Na proposta do REUNI, a indução da inovação curricular nos cursos de graduação é considerada como o elemento de maior relevá¢ncia do programa. Busca compreender quais carências de orientação da sociedade contemporá¢nea levaram á necessidade de reformas nas universidades federais brasileiras. Objetivamos demonstrar como uma abordagem histórica pode contribuir para a compreensão de polá­ticas públicas educacionais. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa está sendo conduzida pela análise das narrativas de sentido em torno da reforma. Os resultados da pesquisa pretendem demonstrar que o sucesso do REUNI foi condicionado á capacidade de sua proposta romper com a tradição de formação profissional das universidades federais.Palavras-chave: Polá­ticas públicas educacionais. Consciência histórica. Reforma nas universidades federais. REUNI.THE HISTORY SCIENCE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE COMPREHENSION OF EDUCATIONAL PUBLIC POLICIES: an analysis of the Support Program to the Plans for Restructuring and Expanding Federal Universities (REUNI) ”“ 2008-2012Abstract: This article aims to present the results of an analysis of the Support Program to the Plans for Restructuring and Expanding Federal Universities (REUNI). This program has been conducted as a stage in the ”˜reforming background”™ of Brazilian federal universities, considering the the mid-1980s. The REUNI proposal considers the incentive for a curricular innovation on the degree courses as the main program element. It”™s focused to comprehend which contemporary society needs resulted in a necessity of reforms in the Brazilian federal universities. We aim to demonstrate how a historical approach may contribute to the comprehension of educational public policies. Methodologically, the research is being conducted through the analysis of the narratives of meaning concerning to the reform. The results of the research intend to demonstrate that the success of REUNI has been constrained to the ability of its proposal to disrupt the tradition of professional training at federal universities.Keywords: Public Education policies. Historical conscience. Federal Universities Reform. REUNI. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA CIENCIA DE LA HISTORIA EN LA COMPRENSIÓN DE POLáTICAS PÚBLICAS EDUCACIONALES: un análisis del Programa de Apoyo a Planes de Reestructuración y Expansión de las Universidades Federales (REUNI) ”“ 2008-2012Resumen: El presente artá­culo tiene por objetivo presentar los resultados de un análisis del Programa de Apoyo a Planes de Reestructuración y Expansión de las Universidades Federales (REUNI). Este programa está siendo estudiado como una etapa en el contexto de reforma en las universidades federales brasileñas, pensada desde meados de los años 1980. En la propuesta de REUNI, la inducción de la innovación curricular en los cursos de grado es considerada como el elemento de mayor relevancia del programa. Busca comprender cuales carencias de orientación de la sociedad contemporánea llevaron a la necesidad de reformas en las universidades federales brasileñas. Objetivamos demostrar como un abordaje histórico puede contribuir para la comprensión de las polá­ticas públicas educacionales. Metodológicamente, la pesquisa está siendo conducida por el análisis de las narrativas de sentido en torno de la reforma. Los resultados de la investigación pretenden demostrar que el éxito del REUNI fue condicionado a la capacidad de su propuesta romper con la tradición de formación profesional de las universidades federales. Palabras clave: Polá­ticas públicas educacionales. Conciencia histórica. Reforma en las universidades federales. REUNI.
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8

SOUZA-JÚNIOR, José Ednilson Gomes de. "TRADUÇÃO E INTERPRETAÇÃO DAS LÍNGUAS DE SINAIS." Belas Infiéis 5, no. 1 (July 12, 2016): 07–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/belasinfieis.v5.n1.2016.11365.

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A ampliação das pesquisas sobre tradução e interpretação das Línguas de Sinais vem crescendo a cada ano no Brasil. Na próxima década, poderá ganhar mais força como consequência da criação dos cursos superiores de formação específica em sete universidades federais brasileiras: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Universidade Federal de Roraima - UFRR, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG e Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ.
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9

Editores, Os. "Justiça Federal. 21ª Vara Federal: Seção judiciária do Distrito Federal. Mandado de segurança." Revista de Direito Sanitário 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2010): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9044.v11i1p165-168.

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10

Baker, Colleen. "The Federal Reserve as Last Resort." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 46.1 (2012): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.46.1.federal.

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The Federal Reserve, the central bank of the United States, is one of the most important and powerful institutions in the world. Surprisingly, legal scholarship hardly pays any attention to the Federal Reserve or to the law structuring and governing its legal authority. This is especially curious given the amount of legal scholarship focused on administrative agencies that do not have anywhere near as critical a domestic and international role as that of the Federal Reserve. At the core of what the Federal Reserve does and should do is to conduct monetary policy so as to safeguard pricing, including that of financial risk. The recent financial crisis brings the importance of this role into clear resolution, because mispriced financial risk was central to the crisis. To increase the Federal Reserve's efficacy, recent financial reforms in Dodd-Frank created a new "last-resort" role for the central bank. Ironically, these same reforms threaten the efficacy of the Federal Reserve by increasing "moral hazard," which could lead to additional mispricing of financial risk. This Article aims to contribute to legal scholarship focused on the Federal Reserve, an institution whose decisions significantly impact financial markets and much of the rest of the world. In particular, the Article's first aim is to argue that the Federal Reserve has a new, permanent last-resort role: market-maker of last resort. This new responsibility flows from reforms contained in Dodd-Frank's Title VIII, which transform and expand the Federal Reserve's last-resort-lending legal authority. This Article's second aim is to argue that Title VIII's market stability-oriented reforms require additional accompanying reforms to counterbalance the moral hazard and related mispricing of financial risk that Title VIII's reforms could promote. These proposed reforms aim to ensure that the Federal Reserve's new "last resort" lending role does not inadvertently encourage the excessive risk taking and mispricing of financial risk that brought us the financial crisis and Dodd-Frank in the first place.
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11

Gadson, Marcus. "Federal Pleading Standards in State Court." Michigan Law Review, no. 121.3 (2022): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.121.3.federal.

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Most state courts cannot follow both their state constitutions and federal pleading standards. Even if they could, policy considerations unique to states compel state courts to reject federal pleading standards. This is because federal courts have changed pleading standards to allow judges to make factual determinations on a motion to dismiss and to require more factual detail in complaints. While scholars have vigorously debated whether these changes are wise, just, and permissible under the federal rules and the Constitution, they have ignored the even more important questions of whether state courts can and should adopt those pleading standards. The oversight is particularly worrisome because so many state courts are currently struggling with those questions while hearing fifty times as many cases a year as federal courts do. Indeed, questions about pleading standards that deserve the most scholarly attention have received the least. This Article answers these questions with a definitive “no.” First, federal pleading standards violate the “inviolate” right to a jury trial contained in most state constitutions. This Article describes states as generally falling into one of four categories as it relates to the scope of their jury trial rights: (1) those following English common law practice from when the United States became an independent nation, (2) those whose constitutions enshrine distinctively American attitudes toward juries prevalent during the eighteenth century, (3) those who codified the right to a jury trial at the same time they wrote the first civil procedure codes in the nineteenth century, and (4) hybrids. It demonstrates that in all four cases, federal pleading standards are unconstitutional because they allow judges to decide factual questions that must be left to a jury. In some cases, the requirement to provide heightened factual detail is a constitutionally impermissible procedural barrier between a litigant and a jury. Furthermore, this Article makes the original claim that states should reject federal pleading standards for different reasons than those typically invoked by critics of changes in federal pleading standards. Instead of treating state courts as satellites revolving around federal courts, this Article puts state courts at the center of the debate. It explains that states must consider different policy concerns than federal courts do when formulating pleading standards. First, states generally guarantee litigants the right to a remedy and that their courts will be open to all who wish to remediate an injury. Second, states claim to make it easier than it is in federal courts for litigants to get a jury trial and are supposed to and do hear the vast majority of cases in this country. Third, states elect judges, which necessitates juries serving as a check on politicized decisionmaking. Fourth, states should not consider pleading standards in a vacuum. They should consider their own pleading standards in light of how federal pleading standards threaten to close the courthouse door on many vulnerable litigants. If state courts use the same pleading standards as federal courts now do, those litigants will have nowhere to go and will be shut out of court entirely. These policy concerns do not just justify states using different pleading standards than federal courts do; they require states to do so.
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12

Waks, Allison. "Federal Incarceration by Contract in a Post-Minneci World: Legislation to Equalize the Constitutional Rights of Prisoners." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 46.3 (2013): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.46.3.federal.

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In the 2012 case Minneci v. Pollard, the United States Supreme Court held that federal prisoners assigned to privately-run prisons may not bring actions for violations of their Eighth Amendment right against cruel and unusual punishment and may instead bring actions sounding only in state tort law. A consequence of this decision is that the arbitrary assignment of some federal prisoners to privately-run prisons deprives them of an equal opportunity to vindicate this federal constitutional right and pursue a federal remedy. Yet all federal prisoners should be entitled to the same protection under the United States Constitution-regardless of the type of prison to which they are assigned. This Note discusses the national trend toward prison privatization and the current asymmetry in legal protections and remedies available to prisoners depending on whether they are assigned to federally-run or privately-run prisons. It concludes by proposing federal legislation that would provide uniformity in the protection of federal prisoners against cruel and unusual punishment.
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13

Hufft, Anita G., and Lena Sue Fawkes. "FEDERAL INMATES." Nursing Clinics of North America 29, no. 1 (March 1994): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-6465(22)02707-4.

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14

Lynch, Timothy B. "Federal Budget." Science 241, no. 4863 (July 15, 1988): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.241.4863.275.c.

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15

Platoff, Anne M. "Federal Subjects." Raven: A Journal of Vexillology 16 (2009): 33–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/raven2009168.

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16

Henwood, Doug. "Federal Offenses." Grand Street 8, no. 1 (1988): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25007187.

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17

Zimmerman, Ulf, and Max Frenkel. "Federal Theory." CrossRef Listing of Deleted DOIs 20, no. 1 (1990): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3330373.

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18

LYNCH, T. B. "Federal Budget." Science 241, no. 4863 (July 15, 1988): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.241.4863.275-b.

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19

FUJINO, Jinzo. "Federal Circuit." Journal of Information Processing and Management 45, no. 11 (2003): 764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1241/johokanri.45.764.

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20

McBride, Elizabeth A. "Federal Regulations:." Reference Librarian 14, no. 32 (June 18, 1991): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j120v14n32_14.

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21

Franklin, K. Reeder, and Stephanie Reed. "FEDERAL BUDGET." American Journal of Nursing 97, no. 7 (July 1997): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-199707000-00009.

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22

&NA;. "Federal Scene." Investigative Radiology 25, no. 12 (December 1990): 1333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-199012000-00012.

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23

Hardham, R. G. "FEDERAL OFFICE." Australian Dental Journal 33, no. 6 (December 1988): 529–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.1988.tb05868.x.

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24

Toft, Robert J. "Federal “Foundations”." Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning 17, no. 1 (February 1985): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00091383.1985.9940516.

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25

McKeon, Erin, and Michelle Artz. "Federal Update." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 104, no. 7 (July 2004): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200407000-00022.

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Gonzalez, Rose, and Margaret Kay. "Federal Update." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 104, no. 8 (August 2004): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200408000-00020.

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27

Whittaker, Sue, and Margaret Kay. "Federal Update." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 104, no. 9 (September 2004): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200409000-00017.

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28

Abood, Sheila A., Margaret Kay, and Susan Trossman. "Federal Update." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 104, no. 11 (November 2004): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200411000-00039.

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29

Schlegel, Rogerio. "Federal Democracies." Regional & Federal Studies 23, no. 1 (March 2013): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2012.748157.

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30

Stimpson, Catharine R. "Federal Papers." October 53 (1990): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/778913.

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31

Smith, Keith. "Federal report." Cartography 17, no. 1 (June 1988): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00690805.1988.10438406.

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32

"Federal Scene: Federal Publications Available." Violence and Victims 5, no. 1 (January 1990): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.5.1.65.

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33

"Federal Scene: Federal Publications Available." Violence and Victims 5, no. 3 (September 1, 1990): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.5.3.211.

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34

"FEDERAL." Australian Dental Journal 38, no. 6 (December 1993): 495–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.1993.tb04773.x.

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35

"FEDERAL." Environmental Science & Technology 28, no. 1 (January 1994): 10A—11A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00050a709.

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36

"FEDERAL." Environmental Science & Technology 28, no. 2 (February 1994): 57A—58A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00051a708.

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37

"FEDERAL." Environmental Science & Technology 28, no. 3 (March 1994): 113A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00052a710.

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38

"FEDERAL." Environmental Science & Technology 28, no. 4 (April 1994): 172A—173A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00053a707.

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"FEDERAL." Environmental Science & Technology 28, no. 5 (May 1994): 211A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00054a705.

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40

"FEDERAL." Environmental Science & Technology 28, no. 6 (June 1994): 252A—253A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00055a706.

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41

"FEDERAL." Environmental Science & Technology 28, no. 7 (July 1994): 307A—308A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00056a705.

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"FEDERAL." Environmental Science & Technology 28, no. 8 (August 1994): 354A—355A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00057a705.

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"FEDERAL." Environmental Science & Technology 28, no. 11 (October 1994): 460A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00060a706.

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"FEDERAL." Environmental Science & Technology 28, no. 12 (November 1994): 507A—509A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00061a705.

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45

"FEDERAL." Environmental Science & Technology 28, no. 13 (December 1994): 555A—557A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00062a706.

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46

Weinstein, James N., and William Weeks. "Federal Health Authority (Federal Reserve for Health)." Spine Publish Ahead of Print (September 24, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0000000000003711.

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47

HESSE, KONRAD. "El Estado Federal Unitario." Direito Público, March 1, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.11117/22361766.50.10.2241.

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48

"Federal Register." Choice Reviews Online 48, no. 07 (March 1, 2011): 48–3589. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.48-3589.

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49

"Federal update." Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 89, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 575–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jom-1989-890503.

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50

"Federal update." Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 91, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): 538–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jom-1991-910605.

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