Journal articles on the topic 'Federal Bureau of Statistics'
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1
BEZARK, MICHELLE. "“Our arithmetic was unique”: The Sheppard-Towner Act and the Constraints of Federalism on Data Collection Before the New Deal." Journal of Policy History 33, no. 2 (April 2021): 183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030621000051.
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AbstractThis article reveals how the politics of federalism in the 1920s stifled the U.S. Children’s Bureau’s ability to collect national data on the workings of the Sheppard-Towner Act. The Bureau staff’s reliance on state administrators for data hindered their efforts to collect standardized national statistics on the states’ use of federal dollars. Ultimately, this barrier contributed to Sheppard-Towner’s defeat in 1929. Though the law was short-lived, the problems the Children’s Bureau encountered administering it provide insights into how federal matching grant programs began to shape federal and state relations before the New Deal. As this article shows, Bureau staff learned from their experience administering Sheppard-Towner that they needed to implement more stringent federal oversight over state-level accounting in their administration of Title V of the Social Security Act.
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Steudeman, Michael J. "From Civic Imperative to Bird's-Eye View: Renegotiating the Idioms of Education Governance during the Reconstruction Era." History of Education Quarterly 58, no. 2 (April 13, 2018): 199–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/heq.2018.3.
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The nineteenth-century debate about the role of the US Bureau of Education was marked by negotiations between the civic republican language of antebellum common school advocacy and a social scientific language of educational professionalism. To advance this argument, this essay traces how members of Congress defined, criticized, and delimited the Bureau's institutional role between 1865 and 1872. First, avoiding calls for direct federal intervention, the Bureau's initial congressional advocates defined the Bureau as a vehicle for indirect influence on the states through the use of data and statistics. Second, after the Bureau's founding, its legislative critics used rhetoric to chastise and question both the Bureau's comprehensive vision and power. Finally, beginning with Commissioner John Eaton's tenure in 1870, the Bureau's functions were narrowed. Due to Eaton's reimagining of the Commissioner role, further congressional critique, and failed efforts to expand Bureau authority, the Bureau eventually became a government-sanctioned purveyor of social scientific expertise—one with little direct authority to intervene in education.
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Manski, Charles F. "Communicating Uncertainty in Official Economic Statistics: An Appraisal Fifty Years after Morgenstern." Journal of Economic Literature 53, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 631–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.53.3.631.
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Federal statistical agencies in the United States and analogous agencies elsewhere commonly report official economic statistics as point estimates, without accompanying measures of error. Users of the statistics may incorrectly view them as error free or may incorrectly conjecture error magnitudes. This paper discusses strategies to mitigate misinterpretation of official statistics by communicating uncertainty to the public. Sampling error can be measured using established statistical principles. The challenge is to satisfactorily measure the various forms of nonsampling error. I find it useful to distinguish transitory statistical uncertainty, permanent statistical uncertainty, and conceptual uncertainty. I illustrate how each arises as the Bureau of Economic Analysis periodically revises GDP estimates, the Census Bureau generates household income statistics from surveys with nonresponse, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics seasonally adjusts employment statistics. I anchor my discussion of communication of uncertainty in the contribution of Oskar Morgenstern (1963a), who argued forcefully for agency publication of error estimates for official economic statistics. (JEL B22, C82, E23)
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Glasser, Irene, and Livingston Sutro. "Anthropology and the Criminal Justice System." Practicing Anthropology 14, no. 3 (June 1, 1992): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.14.3.06273249115121w1.
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The criminal justice system, generally defined as the police, courts, and prisons, cries out for the attention of anthropology. The numbers of people involved are staggering. According to Bureau of Justice Statistics, the number of prisoners under federal or state correctional authorities in 1990 was more than 800,000 (a 134 percent increase over the past ten years). In July, 1990, Bureau of Justice Statistics indicated that the 245,562 offenders serving time in state prisons for crimes of violence had victimized an estimated 409,000 persons (including 79,300 persons killed).
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Anikeze Nnaemeka Hillary, Abonyi Jonas Uchenna, and Okafor Ifeoma Cordelia. "Information Communication Technology (ICT) and Organizational decision making of Federal Parastatals in Nigeria." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 18, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 1061–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.18.1.0716.
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The study investigated information communication technology (ICT) and organizational decision making of Federal Parastatals in Nigeria. Specifically, the study sought to: investigate the relationship between mobile phone communication technology and organizational decision making; identify the relationship between e-mail communication technology and organizational decision making and ascertain the relationship between video and web conferencing communication and organizational decision making. Research design for this study was descriptive survey. Study area was Enugu. The sample size of 323 respondents was drawn from population 5690 employees from selected federal Parastatals namely Federal character commission, Federal fire service, Federal housing authority, National Bureau of statistics. The instrument of data collection was questionnaire. The data analytical techniques were arithmetic mean, standard deviation and correlation statistics. The empirical results show that mobile phone communication has significant relationship with organizational decision making of Federal Parastatals in Nigeria (r-statistic = 0.761; P-value < Sig-value (0.05); e-mail communication has significant relationship between e-mail communication with organizational decision making of Federal Parastatals in Nigeria (r-statistic = 0.750; P-value < Sig-value (0.05) and video and web conferencing communication has significant relationship with organizational decision making of Federal Parastatals in Nigeria (r-statistic = 0.890; P-value < Sig-value (0.05). The study concluded that information communication technology (ICT) has positive and significant relationship with organizational decision making of Federal Parastatals in Nigeria. The study recommended that management of federal parastatals should increase training of employees in ICT utilization should be adequately carried out hence operational efficiency, quality service delivery, sustainable competitive advantage and improved performance will be the outmost benefits to be derived.
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Maksimov, A. V., and S. A. Kuchuk. "ASSESMENT OF THE RELIABILITY OF FEDERAL STATISTICAL MONITORING DATA ON THE NUMBER AND STRUCTURE OF DIVERGENCES IN THE FINAL CLINICAL AND MEDICO-LEGAL DIAGNOSES." Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine 5, no. 3 (October 15, 2019): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.19048/2411-8729-2019-5-3-11-14.
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Objectives. To examine the objectivity and reliability of the branch statistical reporting on the number of deaths and divergences of the final clinical and medico-legal diagnoses in the hospitals of the Moscow region.Material and methods. We have investigated materials of the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise of Moscow Region and data of the Federal statistical monitoring № 14 «Information on the activities of the inpatient care units’ in the Moscow region in 2018. It was the sampling inquiry. The causes of death were grouped by classes and nosologiсal entities of ICD‑10. Research methods: documentary, statistical and analytical. Descriptive statistics of the absolute and relative values.Results. Significant differences between the data of Federal statistical monitoring No. 14 and the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise of Moscow Region were established both in the number of medico-legal examinations in relation to individual entities and in the number of established divergences of diagnoses.Conclusion. The form of Federal statistical monitoring No. 14 provides biased information in the section of information on cases subjected to forensic autopsy: input errors are 90 %.
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Каримова, Гузель, and Рим Каримов. "ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF WITNESS PROTECTION IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA." Rule-of-law state: theory and practice 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/pravgos-2020.1.18.
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The article examines organizational and legal aspects of the implementation of the witness protection program in the United States. Special attention is paid to activities in this area of the US Department of Justice, the US Marshals Service, which directly provide protection for witnesses and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Some statistics on witness protection are provided. Concrete protective measures and their application in relation to the participants in criminal proceedings are considered.
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Gey, Fredric C. "Information distribution practices of federal statistical agencies: The census bureau example." Government Information Quarterly 10, no. 3 (January 1993): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0740-624x(93)90016-s.
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Kwok, Jen Tsen, and Juliet Pietsch. "The Political Representation of Asian-Australian Populations since the End of White Australia." AAPI Nexus: Policy, Practice and Community 15, no. 1-2 (September 2017): 109–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/1545-0317.15.1.109.
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The racial and ethnic landscape in Australia has changed markedly since the beginning of the postwar migration period in which migrants arrived from Europe, and later from Asia in the late 1970s. While Australians with European ancestry have gradually made it into state and federal parliament, there has been less visibility for Australians of Asian descent. This article provides an overview of demographic migration trends and levels of Asian-Australian political representation in state and federal politics, drawing on data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and parliamentary websites. In doing so, we reflect on why political representation of Asian-Australian populations appears to be lagging so far behind.
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Lu, Chien-tsung, Ming Cheng, Brendan Hosty, and Amy Xu. "Multivariate regression analysis of airline market recovery in the post-pandemic era." Aeronautics and Aerospace Open Access Journal 7, no. 1 (January 17, 2023): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/aaoaj.2023.07.00164.
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While COVID-19 has substantially affected the airline industry, a business rebound is expected. To better anticipate the needed workforce, this study revisited economic datasets from the Federal Reserve Bank, Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and other essential resources to predict the market recovery. VOSviewer and multivariate regression analysis were used to identify critical research clusters and important variables of the emerging market recovery. Minitab was used to run the multivariate regression analysis and the correlation coefficients among selected variables were discovered. The result showed that strongly correlated variables for airline market recovery included Net Domestic Product (NDP), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and Real Disposable Personal Income (RDPI) in this study.
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Joseph, Fineboy Ikechi, and Cordelia Onyinyechi Omodero. "The Nexus Between Government Revenue and Economic Growth in Nigeria." Economics and Business 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eb-2020-0003.
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AbstractThe aim of the study is to examine the relationship between government revenues and the economic growth of Nigeria. The study employs exploratory and ex-post facto research designs while using secondary form of data spanning from 1981 to 2018 collected from the Federal Inland Revenue Services (FIRS), National Bureau of Statistics and CBN statistical bulletin. The relationship is tested by using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression technique. The result reveals that federally received revenue and Value Added Tax (VAT) have a moderate positive relationship with the economic growth. The study provides evidence that there is a need for the government to formulate relevant revenue policies that will boost government income in order to have more favourable implication on the economy.
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Stapleford, Thomas A. "Shaping Knowledge about American Labor: External Advising at the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics in the Twentieth Century." Science in Context 23, no. 2 (May 4, 2010): 187–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889710000049.
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ArgumentCreated in 1884, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has been the major federal source for data in the United States on labor-related topics such as prices, unemployment, compensation, productivity, and family expenditures. This essay traces the development and transformation of formal and informal consulting relationships between the BLS and external groups (including academic social scientists, unions, businesses, and other government entities) over the twentieth century. Though such a history cannot, of course, provide a comprehensive analysis of how political values have shaped the construction of labor statistics during this period, I argue that it can nevertheless provide important insights into the political context for the construction of knowledge about American workers and their living and working conditions.
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Mulry, Mary H., and Andrew D. Keller. "Comparison of 2010 Census Nonresponse Follow-Up Proxy Responses with Administrative Records Using Census Coverage Measurement Results." Journal of Official Statistics 33, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 455–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jos-2017-0022.
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Abstract The U.S. Census Bureau is currently conducting research on ways to use administrative records to reduce the cost and improve the quality of the 2020 Census Nonresponse Followup (NRFU) at addresses that do not self-respond electronically or by mail. Previously, when a NRFU enumerator was unable to contact residents at an address, he/she found a knowledgeable person, such as a neighbor or apartment manager, who could provide the census information for the residents. This was called a proxy response. The Census Bureau’s recent advances in merging federal and third-party databases raise the question: Are proxy responses for NRFU addresses more accurate than the administrative records available for the housing unit? Our study attempts to answer this question by comparing the quality of proxy responses and the administrative records for those housing units in the same timeframe using the results of 2010 Census Coverage Measurement (CCM) Program. The assessment of the quality of the proxy responses and the administrative records in the CCM sample of block clusters takes advantage of the extensive fieldwork, processing, and clerical matching conducted for the CCM.
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Raymond A., Ezejiofor, and Apete Collins. "Stamp Duty Tax and Growth of Economy: Evidence from Nigeria." Macro Management & Public Policies 5, no. 1 (April 24, 2023): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/mmpp.v5i1.5523.
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This study looked at the impact of the Nigerian stamp duty tax on the growth of the economy. Time series data were employed spanning the years 1999-2020. For various years, related data were extracted from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, the Bureau of National Statistics, and Federal Inland Revenue Service reports. E-view 9.0 was used to test the hypothesis using the ordinary least square. The study outcome revealed that stamp duty has an insignificant and positive impact on Nigeria’s economic growth. It was recommended that the government improve public entities and provide strong government investment as a source of domestic revenue generated from various business activities.
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Eluyela, Damilola Felix, Inemesit Bassey, Olufemi Adebayo Oladipo, Adekunle Emmanuel Adegboyegun, Abimbola Ademola, and Joseph Madugba. "Impact of Capital Flight on Tax Revenue in Nigeria: A Co-integration Approach." Research in World Economy 11, no. 5 (September 3, 2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n5p141.
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This study presents an empirical analysis of the impact of capital flight on tax revenue in Nigeria. We made use of secondary data collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin of various issues, Federal Inland Revenue Services and National Bureau of Statistics. The empirical measurement covers the sample period between 1980 and 2015. An Ordinary Least Square, Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test, Error Correction Mechanism and Co-integration test was adopted in the study. The results revealed that the Gross Domestic Product has a significant effect in the positive direction, while capital flight and inflation rate have a significant effect in the negative direction. The study recommended that the Federal Inland Revenue System, the department saddled with the responsibility of tax collection, should review the tax system and policies with the aim of plugging loopholes in the existing tax system thereby preventing organizations from evading and avoiding taxes.
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Holding, Nicole. "Prenatal Care in the Rural United States, 1912–1929." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 97, no. 2 (June 2023): 294–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2023.a905732.
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summary: In 1920, maternal mortality rates in the United States exceeded those of other industrialized nations. To redress this statistic, the federal Children's Bureau set its sights on improving access to prenatal care at a time when 80 percent of American women received none. In 1921, following lobbying by urban, middle-class progressive women working at or in support of the Bureau, the government legislated for prenatal care programs through the Sheppard-Towner Act. To date, historians have focused on how successfully women implemented the act's provisions, paying less attention to whether support for rural mothers reduced maternal mortality rates. Using Children's Bureau pamphlets, documents pertaining to the Sheppard-Towner Act, and letters written to the Bureau from poor, rural women, this article brings government workers, medical professionals, and the women they served into dialogue to analyze the first push to establish prenatal care for underserved American women and the obstacles that stood in the way.
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O’Hara, Amy, and Carla Medalia. "Data Sharing in the Federal Statistical System: Impediments and Possibilities." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 675, no. 1 (December 21, 2017): 138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716217740863.
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While federal agencies have engaged in data sharing for decades, current systems of exchange must be transformed to meet the growing needs of analysts in public policy, program evaluation, and basic research. Primary barriers to intra-agency data sharing include both perceived legal barriers and actual financial barriers. To address these problems, the potential path forward could include mandating data sharing for key sources, increasing transparency, and improving efficiency by making it easier for agencies to share data (including developing standards, templates, and incentives). We argue that an agency within the federal statistical system should serve as an intermediary for data integration across the federal statistical system and that the U.S. Census Bureau, with its experience and uniquely broad authority to seek data from any public or private entity for statistical purposes, is well positioned to fill this role.
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LeMasters, Katherine, Shabbar Ranapurwala, Michael Forrest Behne, Emilie Duchesneau, Mike Dolan Fliss, Jennifer Lao, and Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein. "Suicide mortality among individuals in federal prisons compared with the general population: a retrospective cohort study in the USA from 2009 to 2020." BMJ Public Health 2, no. 1 (February 2024): e000544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjph-2023-000544.
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IntroductionSuicide is one of the leading causes of death in US prisons. Yet, administrative data lags years behind and reporting rarely accounts for differing age distributions between suicide rates between incarcerated and general populations. Our objective was to compare reported suicides rate among those incarcerated in federal prisons and the general population, accounting for age distributions, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2009–2020).MethodsUsing data from the Federal Bureau of Prison, Bureau of Justice Statistics and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER database and a retrospective cohort study design, we estimated age-standardised mortality rates and standardised mortality ratios comparing observed suicide mortality among those incarcerated in federal prisons to the expected mortality if they experienced the same age-specific suicide rates as the general population. We tested for linear trends over calendar year in each population.ResultsIn federal prisons, 245 deaths were reported as suicides from 2009 to 2020 (5% of federal prison deaths). From 2009 to 2020, the observed suicide rate in prisons increased from 10.57 to 19.01 per 100 000 and the crude suicide rate in the general population increased from 15.41 to 17.26 per 100 000. After age standardisation, the observed suicide rate in prisons was lower than the suicide rate in the general population between 2009 and 2019, but surpassed it in 2020. In 2020, we observed 1.07 (95% CI: 0.74 to 1.57) times the number of suicides than we would expect if the prison population had the same age-stratified risk of suicide as the general population.ConclusionsIncreasing suicide mortality in prisons is a public health crisis. In 2020, the age-standardised suicide rate in prison surpassed that of the general population, despite the incarcerated population being under high surveillance. To improve public health, decarceration community-based mental healthcare are promising solutions. Additionally, there is an urgent need for improved cause of death reporting quality in prisons.
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Haleem, Saima, Mukhtyar Nabi, and Saddam Hussain. "DETERMINANTS OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN PAKISTAN: EXPLORING NEW DIMENSIONS FROM PSLM (2013-14)." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 03, no. 04 (December 31, 2021): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v3i4.309.
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Women empowerment means the authority provided to women in order to challenge any situation. This study aims to identifying the determinants of women empowerment and decision making. The data was collected from Pakistan Social & Living Standard Measurement Survey (PSLM), the Federal Bureau of Statistics, and Government of Pakistan 2013-14 by using some proxies obtainable in the data set. Here the researchers used Logistic Regression model to examine the determinants of women empowerment. Secondary data was obtained from various books, articles, journals, officially published data, factual accounts, and research work of researchers. The actual sample contains data from PSLM (from the ninth round of surveys conducted till June 2015). The descriptive statistics show the determinants which affect women’s decision making in the fields of employment and education. These factors are marital status, level of education, age factor, employment status, wealth quintiles, regions, and provinces. Keywords: Determinants, Women, Empowerment, PSLM
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Onyeneke, Robert U., Chukwuemeka C. Emenekwe, and Chukwunonso E. C. C. Ejike. "COVID-19 Pandemic, household income and coping strategies in Nigeria." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 10, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 431–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.010.03.4098.
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This study analyzed the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on household income and the determinants of coping strategies in Nigeria, using the combination of the COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey data and the fourth wave of the General Household Survey, Panel 2018-2019. The fourth wave of General Household Survey, Panel 2018-2019 data is part of the World Bank's Living Standards Measurement Study–Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) and the National Bureau of Statistics of Nigeria collected the data in collaboration with the World Bank and funded by the Federal Government of Nigeria and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey 2020, Baseline was implemented by the National Bureau of Statistics in collaboration with the World Bank. The analyses were based on multinomial logistic and multivariate probit models. Multinomial logit regression analysis shows that households that consider the pandemic a substantial threat and households with older heads were more likely to have decreased income while households that received transfer income and self-employed were more likely to have increased income. Several household characteristics exhibited different levels of influence on the choice of coping strategies during the lockdown. Therefore, policy options and support facilities should be developed to foster meaningful (wage/self) employment and coping strategies to achieve optimal results in response to the pandemic.
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Agada, Franklin Ayibatunimibofa, and Benwari Pagaebinyo Clarence. "Determinants of Exchange Rate Crisis in the Nigeria Economy." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. VI (2023): 1835–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.7753.
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The study examined the causes of exchange rate crises in Nigeria between 1986 and 2021. In particular, we investigate how the trade balance (LNBOP), oil price (COP), external debt (LNEXDS), and private sector credit (LNPSC) influence Nigeria’s exchange rate (EXR). The statistical bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria and the Nigeria Bureau of Statistics provided the study’s data. At the 5% level, descriptive statistics, the stationarity test, Johansen cointegration, VAR, and VAR Block Granger Causality were utilised. The variables were integrated at first difference for the stationarity test, yielding the Johansen cointegration test, which indicates a co-integrating relationship. LNEXDS and LNPSC are negative and significant in relation to EXR, whereas LNBOP and COP are negative but not significant. Only LNPSC and LNEXDS support REER for the VAR Block Granger Causality test, but all variables support EXR collectively. External debt and private sector credit are the primary determinants of the naira exchange crisis in Nigeria. The federal government of Nigeria should utilise less external debt since it weakens the country’s exchange rate position. In addition, the federal government of Nigeria should collaborate with producers to develop and integrate local content into their production processes in order to reduce the burden on EXR.
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Ogbanje, Elaigwu Christopher and Tor, Iveren Evelyn. "THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AND NIGERIA’S ECONOMIC GROWTH: A VECTOR ERROR CORRECTION MODEL APPROACH." Journal of Agripreneurship and Sustainable Development 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.59331/jasd.v5i2.316.
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The study examined the impact of agriculture on Nigeria’s economic growth, using the vector error correction model approach. Secondary data were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria, FAOSTAT and National Bureau of Statistics between 1981 and 2019. Descriptive statistics, Augmented Dickey Fuller test for unit roots, Johansen test for co-integration test and vector error correction model were used. Pre-estimation test showed that variables were I(1); foreign direct investment to the agricultural sector had the highest coefficient of variation (2.50), with the least mean (N18,797.33) and gross domestic product had the least coefficient of variation (0.54). Both trace and maximum statistics of Johansen’s co-integration test showed that the variables had long-run relationship. Of the four optimal lag selection criteria used, the FPE, HQIC and SBIC recommended one lag. The chi-square statistics (1674.845, p<0.01) for the overall co-integrating equations confirmed long-run relationship. Findings also showed that the z-statistics (-15.19) of lnagdp was statistically significant (p<0.01) implying it would increase economic growth in the long-run. Similarly, the z statistic (-4.33) of lnnoe was statistically significant (p < 0.01) and would increase economic growth in the long-run. Also, the z-statistic (-5.89) of lnfdia was statistically significant (p<0.01), and would increase economic growth in the long-run. However, the z-statistics (5.56) of lnnoi (3.3) was positive and statistically significant (p<0.01) implying that it would reduce economic growth in the long-run. The error correction term (-0.2361) suggested that the long run equilibrium would be normalized back if there was any shock to the economic system; and that the speed of adjustment would be 23.61% annually towards equilibrium if the system is distorted. The study concluded that agriculture would be relevant to Nigeria’s economy in the long run. Consequently, efforts to attract foreign direct investment to the agricultural sector, increase growth in agricultural GDP and non-oil export and cut in non-oil import, should be sustained by the federal government.
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E., Appah, and Isele L. E. "Taxes and Health Infrastructural Development in Nigeria." Journal of Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Studies 4, no. 3 (July 3, 2024): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/jarms-iaaf61na.
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This study investigated the effect of taxes on health infrastructural development in Nigeria. The objectives of the study among others were to determine the effect of company income tax on health infrastructural development in Nigeria, evaluate the effect of petroleum profit tax on health infrastructural development in Nigeria. Four research questions and four hypotheses were formulated as a guide for the study. This study adopted ex post facto research design and secondary data were collected from the National Bureau of Statistics, Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Federal Ministry of Finance. The study was for forty-one (41) years from 1982 to 2022. This study utilized descriptive statistics, unit root test and ordinary least square regression method of data analysis with the aid of E-View 12. The findings of the study were that company income tax is statistically positive and significant on health infrastructural development in Nigeria, customs and excises duties is statistically positive and significant on health infrastructural development in Nigeria, petroleum profit tax is statistically negative and significant on health infrastructural development on health infrastructural development in Nigeria is statistically negative and insignificant, and value added tax is statistically negative and insignificant on health infrastructural development in Nigeria. Hence, study concluded that the federally collected taxes influence health infrastructural development in Nigeria. From 1982 – 2022. Consequently, the study suggested amongst others that, government should intensify efforts at developing the level of health infrastructure in the country through optimal tax revenue mobilization because, the study affirmed that company income tax and customs and excise duties positively and significantly impact on health infrastructural development in Nigeria.
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Risher, Howard. "How Much Should Federal Employees Be Paid?" Public Personnel Management 34, no. 2 (June 2005): 121–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102600503400201.
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The General Schedule (GS) salary system is broken. It cannot be repaired. It's no longer meeting the needs of government. No elements of the system are consistent with best practice thinking in salary management. It was designed more than 50 years ago for a very different world of work. At this stage it has no defenders. The Departments of Defense (DOD) and Homeland Security (DHS) have the authorization to develop their own salary systems. They join a growing list of agencies with similar authority—the Federal Aviation Administration, the Internal Revenue Service, Securities and Exchange Commission, and the General Accountability Office. Each of these agencies has argued that the GS system is an impediment to their efforts to accomplish their mission and achieve their strategic goals. The list will continue to grow. The new model for salary management that has been adopted or proposed in these agencies is based on the broadband concept. Within the bands, pay for performance is the basis for managing salaries. That policy change has been the focus of heated debates. While it is effectively a universal practice for white-collar employees in non-government sectors, it represents a radical and difficult change for public agencies. The new model also makes it necessary to rethink the strategy for aligning salaries with prevailing market pay levels. The locality pay concept adopted under the Federal Employee Pay Comparability Act (FEPCA) was never allowed to operate as planned, and probably has lost too much credibility to be resuscitated. It also suffers from a change in the way the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) conducts its salary surveys. The issues and problems associated with linking federal pay to market rates are the focus of this article.
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Mukhlis, Imam, Isnawati Hidayah, and Nora Ria Retnasih. "Interest Rate Volatility of the Federal Funds Rate: Response of the Bank Indonesia and its Impact on the Indonesian Economic Stability." Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 111–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2020-0007.
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AbstractThis research aims to analyse the response of the Bank Indonesia (BI rate) to the Indonesian economic stability. The data analysis is stationarity test, model stability test, lag determination, Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR), Impulse Response Function (IRF), and Variance Decomposition (VD). The research data is obtained from the publication provided by the Federal Reserve Data (FRED), the Bank Indonesia, and the Central Bureau of Statistics. The data used is since the third quarter of 2005 to the first quarter of 2017. The research results showed that the variable of the federal funds rate (FFR) significantly influences the exchange rate and the Consumer Price Index (CPI), but it does not significantly affect the BI rate, the amount of the money supply (M2), and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The result of the IRF test showed that the BI rate, the amount of money supply, exchange rate (IDR/USD), GDP, and CPI positively and negatively respond the FFR change. The result of VD test indicated that the variation of the BI rate, the currency exchange rate, and CPI are mostly caused by the FFR variation.
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Weinberg, Daniel H., John M. Abowd, Robert F. Belli, Noel Cressie, David C. Folch, Scott H. Holan, Margaret C. Levenstein, et al. "Effects of a Government-Academic Partnership: Has the NSF-CENSUS Bureau Research Network Helped Improve the US Statistical System?" Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology 7, no. 4 (December 20, 2018): 589–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jssam/smy023.
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Abstract The National Science Foundation-Census Bureau Research Network (NCRN) was established in 2011 to create interdisciplinary research nodes on methodological questions of interest and significance to the broader research community and to the Federal Statistical System (FSS), particularly to the Census Bureau. The activities to date have covered both fundamental and applied statistical research and have focused at least in part on the training of current and future generations of researchers in skills of relevance to surveys and alternative measurement of economic units, households, and persons. This article focuses on some of the key research findings of the eight nodes, organized into six topics: (1) improving census and survey data-quality and data collection methods; (2) using alternative sources of data; (3) protecting privacy and confidentiality by improving disclosure avoidance; (4) using spatial and spatio-temporal statistical modeling to improve estimates; (5) assessing data cost and data-quality tradeoffs; and (6) combining information from multiple sources. The article concludes with an evaluation of the ability of the FSS to apply the NCRN’s research outcomes, suggests some next steps, and discusses the implications of this research-network model for future federal government research initiatives.
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E., Appah, and Isele L. E. "Taxes and Road Infrastructural Development in Nigeria." African Journal of Accounting and Financial Research 7, no. 2 (July 2, 2024): 306–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajafr-gosnw3er.
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This study examined the taxes and road infrastructural development in Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study among others were to determine the relationship between of company income tax on road infrastructural development in Nigeria, ascertain the relationship between petroleum profit tax on road infrastructural development in Nigeria. Four research questions and four hypotheses were formulated as a guide for the study. This study adopted ex post facto research design. The population of the study was conducted on Federal Republic of Nigeria under the National Bureau of Statistics, Federal Inland Revenue Services, Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Federal Ministry of Finance. The study period covered was forty-one (41) years spanning from 1982 to 2022. This study utilized Descriptive statistic, Unit Root Test and Ordinary Least Square Regression method with the aid of E-View 12. The findings of the study showed a positive and significant relationship between company income tax on road infrastructure in Nigeria; customs and excises duties positively and significantly affects road infrastructure in Nigeria; petroleum profit tax negatively and insignificantly affects road infrastructure in Nigeria and finally, value added tax negatively and insignificantly influence road infrastructure in Nigeria is statistically negative and insignificant. The study concluded that taxes such as company income tax, custom and excise duties affects road infrastructural development in Nigeria for the period spanning from 1982 – 2022. Therefore, the study suggested amongst other that, government should intensify efforts at developing the level of infrastructure in the country through tax payers’ revenue because, this study affirmed that company income tax and customs and excise duties positively and significantly affects road infrastructure in Nigeria
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Korop, Bohdana, and Andrzej Miszczuk. "Factors of peripheralisation and activation of cross-border regions of Ukraine — an attempt of a typological approach." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 63, no. 10 (October 29, 2018): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0701.
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The aim of the research described in the article is to develop a typology of cross-border regions of Ukraine based on the identification and synthetic analysis of the peripheralisation factors and the activation of their development, using a point bonitation method. The research covered border regions of Ukraine and seven neighbouring countries forming administrative units at the NUTS 2 level, located along the land border. The data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, Statistics Poland, the National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus, the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, the National Institute of Statistics of Romania, the National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova and the Federal State Statistics Service of Russian Federation for the years 2013—2015 (depending on the country) were used. Geopolitical, institutional and socio-economic determinants as well as the possibilities of activation of the Ukrainian border regions with neighbouring countries through the implementation of joint strategic documents and the availability of external financial resources were evaluated. The final effect of the conducted research is a synthetic multi-feature typology of the cross-border regions of Ukraine, showing the possibilities for the development of effective cross-border cooperation. In the remaining Ukrainian borderlands, the situation is better in the case of cooperation with the EU countries, and worse in the case of the post-Soviet countries.
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Kurniawan, Deva Soni, and Atwal Arifin. "Analisis Pengaruh Dana Bagi Hasil, Pendapatan Asli Daerah, Dana Alokasi Umum, dan Dana Aloksi Khusus terhadap Belanja Modal dengan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Sebagai Variabel Moderating di Jawa Tengah Tahun 2019-2021." El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam 5, no. 3 (January 10, 2024): 1835–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/elmal.v5i3.6077.
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The aims of this research was to analysis the impact of economic growth on Central Java Provincial Government's capital expenditures in 2019–2021. This included looking at the impact of revenue sharing funds, money collected at the regional level, as well as federal, state, and local allocations. Data and statistics were collected from the country's centrally located Bureau of Statistics and Ministry of Finance. Saturation sampling was used in the demographic and sample approach to collect data from all 35 cities and districts in Central Java Province (6 cities and 29 districts). According to the data, revenue splits and investment spending are unrelated (p=0.721), local own-source revenue (p=0.000), public allocation funds (p=0.001), and special allocation funds (p=0.032). The significance value for the effect of economic growth on capital expenditure was 0.196, meaning it had no effect on this variable. However, the effect of local revenue on capital expenditure was moderated by economic growth (p = 0.001), and the impact of general allocation funds on capital expenditure was moderated by economic growth (p = 0.048)
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Kharabara, T. I. "Transformation of Administrative Data into Statistical Reporting Through the Introduction of State Statistical Survey “Implementation of Administrative Proceedings”." Statistics of Ukraine 96, no. 1 (July 12, 2022): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.1(96)2022.01.02.
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The problem of formation of statistical reporting as administrative data by the judicial bodies of Ukraine is considered. The situation regarding the publication of judicial statistics by the statistical organization of the European Commission and statistical bodies of some foreign countries is analyzed. The necessity of forming the state statistical survey “Implementation of administrative proceedings” on the basis of judicial statistics data is substantiated.
It is noted that high-quality information of the State Statistical Survey (hereinafter – SSS) on administrative proceedings in Ukraine is necessary to make informed, sound management decisions to protect the rights, freedoms and interests of citizens and rights and interests of enterprises, institutions and organizations, the constitutional order Ukraine, the established law and order, strengthening the rule of law, prevention of violations by the subjects of power.
The experience of the Federal Statistical Office of the Federal Republic of Germany, the National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova and statistical institutions of other countries has been studied. For Ukraine, which is trying to achieve the level of democratic, social, legal state, there is an urgent need to resolve a range of legal, political and socio-cultural issues related to creating favorable conditions for comprehensive protection of the rights and interests of individuals and legal entities which is the foundation of economic development of the country. An important role in ensuring such level is played by judicial statistics, which is formed, in particular, in the implementation of administrative proceedings. At the same time, the use of statistical research methods as a result of consideration of administrative cases by court helps to better understand the peculiarities of socio-economic development of our state, to assess the effectiveness of public authorities and courts.
It is concluded that the results of observations on administrative proceedings should be freely available on the official website of the State Statistics Service with reference to sources of such information, namely, according to the State Judicial Administration of Ukraine, local administrative courts, Courts of Appeal, Administrative Court of Cassation of the Supreme Court.
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Ilemona, Sani Alfred, and Sunday Nwite. "Taxation in a Decentralized Value Added Tax Regime: Implications for States in Nigeria." Journal of Sustainable Business and Economics 5, no. 3 (August 23, 2022): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/jsbe.v5i3.18.
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The study examined the implication of a decentralized Value Added Tax system for states in Nigeria. It is a theoretical presentation that made is made of journals, articles, and data from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) accessed on Google Scholar Websites. A total of eighty (80) articles were accessed. Results from a theoretical review revealed that while few states in Nigeria are in favor of a decentralized VAT administration in the country, quite a number of them (States) are averse to the new VAT regime due to differences among the states in terms of volume of business activities and economic power as many of the states rely on federal allocation. The study, therefore, recommends Partial Decentralization (PD) of VAT administration in Nigeria as a measure of autonomy for states that will guarantee fairness in resource control in the Nigerian Society.
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Kenneth, Obasi K., and Osah O. Sarah. "The Economics of Educational Planning: The Nigerian Challenge." European Journal of Education and Pedagogy 2, no. 5 (September 27, 2021): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejedu.2021.2.5.145.
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An increase in demand for educational services and the rising cost of satisfying the demand with the scarce resources available is a major justification for introducing economics in educational planning. This paper examined the economics of educational planning and the challenges faced by Nigerian educational planners. It looked at the concept of educational planning and the basis for introducing economics into educational planning. It also discussed economic concepts like demand for educational services, cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness and the budgeting process. The challenges of the economics of educational planning were also discussed. The challenges identified include no institutional framework for labour market information to aid planners, inadequate statistics on the way people earn according to educational levels and other sources of income amongst others. It was suggested among other things that there should be a national institutional mechanism/framework to handle labour market information. Also, the Federal Ministry of Education, in alliance with the National Bureau of Statistics should develop a strategic plan that will have the computing and provision of economic data necessary for educational planning as its focal point.
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Rosen, Lawrence. "The Creation of the Uniform Crime Report." Social Science History 19, no. 2 (1995): 215–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200017302.
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The introduction of the Uniform Crime Reporting system (UCR) in 1930 remains one of the most important events in the history of criminal statistics in the United States. Based on local police reports, it is the oldest extant national crime data system in the United States, with the possible exception of prison statistics. It continues to be a vitally important data system because of its extensive use by scholars, social critics, governmental organizations and the media, and as such it has made a major contribution to our understanding of crime in the United States in the last half century. The UCR has also had its share of controversy, involving not only scientific issues of validity and reliability, but the possibility of covert agendas on the part of the police and the FBI to foster an image of effective law enforcement. Despite its importance and controversial nature there is no single objective and definitive written history documenting the beginnings of the UCR. That which exists tends to be brief and superficial, and at times even ideologically biased (Leonard 1954; Maltz 1977; Sherman et al. 1982; Thompson 1968; U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation 1940).
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Jamal, Haroon. "Poverty and Inequality during the Adjustment Decade: Empirical Findings from Household Surveys." Pakistan Development Review 42, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v42i2pp.125-135.
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This paper investigates the dynamics of poverty and inequality in Pakistan over the period 1988-1999. The year 1988 was the year of the first formal Structural Adjustment Lending (SAL) from the World Bank and the IMF. Thus, this analysis facilitates the debate regarding the impact of SAL on household welfare and poverty. This is done by analysing changes in poverty and inequality from two comparable household income and expenditure surveys conducted by the Federal Bureau of Statistics. Our findings show an increase both in the Gini coefficient from 0.34 to 0.38 and poverty incidence from 24 to 30. The dynamic decomposition of the poverty index indicates the relative importance of growth and redistribution effects in explaining the changes in poverty. The analysis reveals that increase in poverty can mainly be attributed to low economic growth during the decade especially in the rural areas.
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Osuoha, Christopher Achazie. "The Keynesian Stimulus Model: Stimulating Economic Activities with Direct Transfers." Research in Applied Economics 15, no. 1 (June 11, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/rae.v15i1.20672.
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Governments use direct transfers as a fiscal measure to stimulate economic activities during shocks. As COVID-19 continues to ravage economies globally, governments worldwide have responded with fiscal and monetary policies to manage the pandemic’s economic impact. In addition, the U.S. government has intervened with direct transfers to provide liquidity to prevent a prolonged shock. However, opinions are divided on the efficacy of the Keynesian stimulus policy. This study used a mixed-method research design to analyze the classical Keynesian model and compares it with the monetarist model to provide insight into the stimulus policy outcomes of the Coronavirus Aid Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act of 2020 and subsequent policies used to manage the COVID-19 shock. Time-series data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), and the Federal Reserve Bank (the Fed) of the percentage changes in GDP, disposable personal income (DPI), and personal consumption expenditure (PCE), as well as unemployment rates (UR), interest rates (INT), and inflation rates (IFL), were collected and analyzed. The study used multiple regression (MR) to empirically examine the variables' relationships to ascertain both models’ short-term efficacy. The results suggest that DPI, PCE, and UR significantly predicted the percentage change in GDP in the Keynesian model, whereas, UR, INT, and IFL did not substantially predict the change in GDP in the monetarist model.
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Rolle, Udo, and Andrea Schmedding. "Decentralized Rather than Centralized Pediatric Surgery Care in Germany." European Journal of Pediatric Surgery 27, no. 05 (September 28, 2017): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1607026.
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Introduction Pediatric surgery has emerged from general surgery to take better care of the needs of surgically ill children. The development of pediatric surgery in Germany started in the early 19th century and is still ongoing. This study was performed to investigate how pediatric surgery is organized in Germany. Materials and Methods Data were obtained from the following sources: German Society, Information System of the Federal Health Monitoring, German Medical Association, Joined Federal Committee, Federal Bureau of Statistics, and Perinatal Centers. Results Pediatric surgery in Germany was started in the beginning of the 19th century. In 1962, there were approximately 20 units. The number increased to 98 in 2005 and to 129 in 2017. Presently, there are 769 pediatric surgeons registered in Germany. The current growth of pediatric surgery is attributed to a political decision of implementing centers for the care of preterm babies who need pediatric surgeons. Most work performed by pediatric surgeons in Germany can be categorized as low-risk, high-volume surgery. Currently, there is a trend of spontaneous centralization for some high-risk, low-volume pediatric surgical procedures. Conclusion Pediatric surgery in Germany shows a development toward a nearly complete coverage of the country, thus providing increasing number of children with specialist care. Rare diseases, such as in oncology or newborn surgery, are generally not centralized and rarely performed by small units. New approaches for better quality measurements may lead to centralization even without political action in the future.
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Serenska, Alice, Clea C. Sarnquist, and Gary L. Darmstadt. "Variation in rates of sexual assault crisis counsellor usage during forensic examination in California: an observational study." BMJ Open 13, no. 10 (October 2023): e072635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072635.
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ObjectivesA critical asset to post-assault care of survivors is support from sexual assault crisis counsellors (SACCs). We sought to elucidate variation in implementation between California counties in SACC accompaniment during Sexual Assault Forensic Examination (SAFE).MethodsSACC attendance data from 2019 was obtained from the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (CalOES). To assess SACC attendance rates during SAFEs, we requested SAFE quantity data from sheriffs and public health departments, the State Forensic Bureau, and the California Department of Justice (DOJ), but all requests were unanswered or denied. We also sought SAFE data from District Attorneys (DAs) in each county, and received responses from Marin and Contra Costa Counties. To estimate numbers of SAFEs per county, we gathered crime statistics from the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI’s) Uniform Crime Reporting Program and OpenJustice, a transparency initiative by the California DOJ. For each data source, we compared SACC attendance to SAFE quantities and incidences of sexual assault statewide.ResultsAt the state level, data on SACC attendance per CalOES and DOJ archival data on sexual assault were used to approximate relative rates of SACC accompaniment at SAFEs; 83% (30 of 36) of counties had values <50%. The joint sexual assault crisis centre for Contra Costa and Marin Counties reported that 140 SACCs were dispatched in 2019, while DAs in Contra Costa and Marin reported completion of 87 SAFEs in 2019, for a calculated SACC accompaniment rate of 161%. Proxy data sourced from FBI and DOJ crime statistics displayed significant inconsistencies, and DOJ data was internally inconsistent.ConclusionsSACC accompaniment at SAFEs appears to be low in most California counties, however, limited data accessibility and data discrepancies and inaccuracies (e.g., rates over 100%) prevented reliable determination of SACC accompaniment rates during SAFEs. Substantial improvements in data accuracy and transparency are needed to ensure survivors’ adequate access to resources.
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Astuty, Fuji. "Pengaruh Produk Domestik Bruto, Ekspor Dan Kurs Terhadap Cadangan Devisa Di Indonesia." JPEK (Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi dan Kewirausahaan) 4, no. 2 (December 25, 2020): 301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29408/jpek.v4i2.2998.
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This study aims to analyze the effect of gross domestic product, exports and exchange rate on foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia. This research is in the form of quantitative based on quantitative data and is associative to see the relationship between variables or more. The data used is time series data from 2001 to 2018 using Eviews 9.0. And sourced from Bank Indonesia, the Central Bureau of statistics and the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. This research uses data analysis technique is multiple linear analysis. The results showed that the variables of gross domestic product, exports and exchange rates have a positive and significant effect on Indonesia’s foreign exchange reserve. The R-square value in this study is 95.36, indicating that 95,36% of the variation in foreign exchange reserves can be explained by the gross domestic product, exchange rates and exports, while the remaining 4.64% is explained by other variables outside of this research model
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Goodman, Christopher J., and Jennifer D. Small Griswold. "Meteorological Impacts on Commercial Aviation Delays and Cancellations in the Continental United States." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 58, no. 3 (March 2019): 479–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-17-0277.1.
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AbstractWeather creates numerous operational and safety hazards within the National Airspace System (NAS). In 2014, extreme weather events attributed 4.3% to the total number of delay minutes recorded by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics. When factoring weather’s impact on the NAS delays and aircraft arriving late delays, weather was responsible for 32.6% of the total number of delay minutes recorded. Hourly surface meteorological aviation routine weather reports (METARs) at major airports can be used to provide valuable insight into the likely causes of weather delays at individual airports. When combined with the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA’s) Operations Network (OPSNET) delay data, METARs can be used to identify the major causes of delays and to create delay climatologies for a specific airport. Also, patterns for delays and cancellations for the study period of 2003–15 can be identified for the individual airports included in this study. These patterns can be useful for operators and airport planners to optimize performance in the future.
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A. M., Otuedon, and Ogodogun College. "Taxation and Socio-Economic Development in Nigeria." African Journal of Accounting and Financial Research 7, no. 1 (February 6, 2024): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajafr-zsxj1y1p.
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The study examined the linkage between taxation and socio-economic development in Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive research design using secondary data collected from various issues of the Central Bank of Nigeria, Planning, Research and Statistics Department, National Bureau of Statistics and Federal Inland Revenue Service bulletins. The study focused on a five year time series study from 2017 – 2021. The study was anchored on the socio-political theory of taxation and the study methodology involved the review of extant literature on two groups of taxes: oil and non-oil taxes and how they are used to bring about socio-economic development proxied by GDP expenditure at constant purchase prices. The review revealed that tax revenue had positive relationships with socio-economic development, but they are grossly inadequate to meet up with GDP expenditures. The study concluded that tax revenues are under generated in relation to crude sales. It was recommended that among others that the government should engage in a complete re-organization of tax administrative machinery to reduce poor documentation of tax receipts, incidence of tax evasion and avoidance to the barest minimum to improve tax revenue and bring more taxpayers into the tax radial in order to enhance socio-economic development.
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Agbogun, Oghenekparobo Ernest (MSc Candidacy), Ehiedu, Victor C. (PhD), Bayem, Sylvanus A. (MSc Candidacy), and Onuorah, Anastasia C. (PhD). "MORTGAGE FINANCING AND HOUSING DELIVERIES IN NIGERIA: ANY LINKAGES?" Finance & Accounting Research Journal 4, no. 3 (October 4, 2022): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/farj.v4i3.372.
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The paper examined if there exist any linkages between mortgage financing and housing delivery in Nigeria from periods of 2002-2021. Specifically, the paper examined the effect of Primary Mortgage Bank Loans, Federal Mortgage Bank Loans to Mortgage, Microfinance Bank loans to mortgage, and Government Allocation to Housing on housing delivery in Nigeria. Data for the study were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin and the National Bureau of statistics (2021) from 2002 to 2021. Meanwhile, the study adopted the OLS estimate. Various pre-estimation and diagnostic tests considered include: Heteroskedascity test, Ramsey Reset Test, and variance inflation factors/multi-collinearity test. The study reported that, Primary Mortgage Bank Loans have significant adverse effects on housing delivery. Meanwhile, Federal Mortgage Bank Loans to Mortgage improves housing delivery minimally. More so, MBLM and finance Bank loans to mortgage and Government Allocation to Housing are major contributing factor to housing delivery in Nigeria within the periods under review. Hence, the paper concludes that, both microfinance loans to mortgage institutions and government allocations to housing are major drivers of housing delivery in the periods under review. Accordingly, the paper recommends that, the primary Mortgage Bank should heighten efforts towards improving on reforms and policies that encourage the use of loans by mortgage institution for sustained growth and greater house development. More so, the federal Mortgage Bank should introduce new, flexible, and versatile loan policies suited to the prevailing conditions in the country taking into account dynamic changes in the environment. Keywords: Mortgage Financing, Housing Deliveries, Linkages.
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Issa, Salah F., Kiana Patrick, Steven Thomson, and Bradley Rein. "Estimating the Number of Agricultural Fatal Injuries Prevented by Agricultural Engineering Developments in the United States." Safety 5, no. 4 (September 25, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety5040063.
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Agriculture has been consistently marked as one of the deadliest industries by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). While this statistic is widely used in promoting agricultural safety and health, it does not paint a complete picture on the current status of agricultural safety and the advances that have been made in the last century. For example, even with a stagnant rate of injury, the BLS has reported that fatal incidents decreased from a high of 855 incidents in 1993 to a low of 500 incidents in 2013. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact that agricultural engineering developments had on reducing fatal injuries. Agricultural engineering developments are defined as any agricultural improvement that results in a direct reduction in the amount of labor needed. This study uses existing federal agricultural statistical, injury and demographic data to calculate the impact that engineering, in contrast to yield improvements and safety enhancements, contributed to a reduction in the number of fatal incidents. The study found that engineering developments could have contributed to the reduction in the number of fatal injuries by about 170 incidents from 1992 to 2015. This represents 63% of the total reduction in the number of fatal injuries. In conclusion, agricultural engineering developments play a substantial role in reducing the number of fatal incidents by removing and reducing labor exposure to hazardous environments.
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David, Obadiaru Eseosa, Okon Brian-Kufre, and Ayeni Adebanji Williams. "The impact of tax revenue on economic growth in Nigeria." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation 5, no. 1 (2024): 566–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2024.5.1.566-571.
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This research aimed to investigate the influence of tax revenue on Nigeria's economic growth over a three-decade period spanning from 1991 to 2021. The tax data was collected from the Federal Internal Revenue Service (FIRS) and the Nigerian Bureau of Statistics (NBS), while economic data for Nigeria was sourced from the 2021 Statistical Bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). The study utilized personal income tax (PIT), corporate income tax (CIT), and value-added tax (VAT) as proxies for tax revenue, with gross domestic product (GDP) serving as the dependent variable to represent the Nigerian economy. Several diagnostic tests were conducted, including a descriptive statistic to assess data normality and the Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test to evaluate data stability. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique was employed as the statistical tool for data analysis, utilizing E-View version 9 as the statistical package. The findings from the ARDL test revealed that personal income tax (PIT) and value-added tax (VAT) had a negative impact on GDP, while company income tax (CIT) showed a positive impact. As a result, the study concluded that tax revenue exhibits a positive and significant correlation with the growth of the Nigerian economy. The study suggests that governments and relevant tax authorities should focus on increasing taxes as a revenue source and target sectors that drive economic growth.
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Aguguom, Theophilus Anaekenwa, Appolos Nwabuisi Nwaobia, Mba Okoro Obasi, and Chizoba Christiana Ajah. "Internally sourced revenue optimality and national economy development of Nigeria." International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting 17, no. 1 (July 3, 2023): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33094/ijaefa.v17i1.1053.
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This study investigated the impact of internally sourced revenue optimality on Nigeria’s national economic development. Internally generated income had traditionally been the mainstay revenue source for the economic development of countries, but it has long been a subject of worry for Nigeria's national economic development, considering how effectively internally generated income is being used for the progress of the country. We adopted an ex-post facto research design, using annual time series data covering a period of 31 years (1992Q1-2022Q4), sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and the National Bureau of Statistics. Two variables were considered, the dependent variable of the study (National economic development) proxied with Real Gross Domestic Product (RGPD) and the independent variable (internally sourced revenue) using the total internally sourced revenue that accrued to the federal (FIGR), States and Federal capital territory (SFCTIGR), and Local government (LIGR) as the explanatory variables for the study. The study found that internally sourced revenue positively affects Nigeria’s national economic development and that the period experienced unstable internally generated revenue and weak optimal use of the revenue. The study concluded that internally sourced revenue and optimal utilization of internally sourced revenue affect national economic development. Based on the findings, the study recommended that the Nigerian government should optimally utilize internally sourced revenue to enhance the national economic development of Nigeria.
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Afolabi, Adeoye Amuda. "The agency of employment and unemployment in Nigeria: issue and challenges." Corporate Ownership and Control 13, no. 3 (2016): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i3c1p1.
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Unemployment has become more alarming within the past decade as Nigerian higher institution of learning produced a large number of University and College graduate for few jobs. The gravity of this situation resulted to the formation of the National Directorate of Employment (NDE) with the mandate to articulate programmes that will help combat mass unemployment in Nigeria. This paper examines the performance of the agency as well as assesses the trend in the unemployment rate at pre and post establishment of NDE in Nigeria. Data were collected through survey questionnaire and from National Bureau of Statistics. We find that many unemployed graduate does not have the opportunity to participate in the NDE programme, insufficient funds, political interference, corruption and lack of access to loan are among the key factor militating against the success of the programme. We recommends that State government in Nigeria should to contribute in solving unemployment in Nigeria and Federal Government should support the NDE programme in term of financial and politician should stop interferes with the activities of NDE.
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Saliu, Bukola, and Bernadette McCrory. "Multi-Faceted Ergonomics Assessment in Medical Device Manufacturing: A Case Study." Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care 10, no. 1 (June 2021): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2327857921101182.
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Background: According to the National Safety Council and the Bureau of Labor Statistics there were over 4,000 preventable injury related deaths. The Occupational Health and Safety Administration emphasizes that safety cultures should consist of shared beliefs, practices, and attitudes that exist at an establishment. The purpose of this industry-sponsored research project was to assist a medical manufacturing facility with safety program OSHA compliance. Method: Job Safety Analysis (JSA), also ca lled job hazard analysis, and facility inspections were used to identify hazards focused on the worker, task, tools, and the work environment. Results: Areas with high hazard scores according to the JSA were a ssigned to supervisors and the research team to provide immediate process and environment changes. Conclusion: JSA is a great tool to identify safety hazards on a job site though job functions. This will prevent injuries and a llow even small companies to remain compliant with federal regulations. Creating an atmosphere from top to bottom with a culture of safety responsibility andownership can promote a safe and productive environment.
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Rashidin, Md Salamun, Sara Javed, Bin Liu, and Wang Jian. "Ramifications of Households’ Nonfarm Income on Agricultural Productivity: Evidence From a Rural Area of Pakistan." SAGE Open 10, no. 1 (January 2020): 215824402090209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020902091.
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Currently in Pakistan, the agricultural sector contributes up to 18.9% of the gross domestic product. As a result of modern science and technology development, the source of income for rural households is changing, and nonfarm income has become the main source. This study investigates the effects of nonfarm income on agricultural productivity in rural Pakistan. The current research data has been collected from the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM) 2017–2018, a sample of rural and urban areas designed by Pakistan’s Federal Bureau of Statistics. In this study, Heckman’s two-step procedure is used to tackle the problems of endogeneity and selection bias. The first phase, probit regression, indicates that the accessibility of banks, motorable roads, forest, telecommunication substructure, montane grasslands, and shrublands zone affects nonfarm income. On the other hand, the second stage, ordinary least squares regression, found a negative impact of nonfarm income on per capita farm income. Furthermore, results reveal that nonfarm household income has a significant positive effect on agricultural productivity.
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Kois, Lauren E., Kortney Hill, Lauren Gonzales, Shelby Hunter, and Preeti Chauhan. "Correctional Officer Mental Health Training: Analysis of 52 U.S. Jurisdictions." Criminal Justice Policy Review 31, no. 4 (May 29, 2019): 555–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403419849624.
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Research indicates correctional officer (CO) mental health training may be effective in facilitating the safety and security of both inmates and COs. We assessed Department of Corrections’ CO preservice (requisite for beginning an official post) mental health training requirements in 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. We obtained information regarding instruction method, training duration, and courses required. Descriptive statistics showed that all jurisdictions require mental health training, ranging from 1.5 to 80 hr ( M = 13.54, SD = 14.58, Mdn = 8). When considering course titles, the most common course topic is crisis intervention ( n = 44, 84.62%). The next most frequent course topics are general psychoeducation ( n = 24, 46.15%), special populations ( n = 12, 23.08%), specific clinical interventions ( n = 7, 13.46%), institutional procedure specific to mental health ( n = 6, 11.54%), and CO mental health and self-care ( n = 4, 7.69%). Future research should examine whether CO mental health training is related to positive mental health outcomes and other important institutional metrics, as well as variations in training and its impact at the national and international levels.
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König, Olaf. "Retro-atlases II: a new edition of the first Statistical Atlas of Switzerland (1897)." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-183-2019.
Full textAbstract:
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In 2018, the Swiss Federal Statistical Office celebrated the 125th edition of its most prominent annual publication &ndash; the “Statistical Yearbook of Switzerland”. This celebration was also an opportunity of reissuing as a supplement a selection of attractive, but not well-known visualisations from the first Statistical Atlas of Switzerland initially published in 1897 and yearbooks from the 19th century. The original atlas produced issued by the Swiss Federal Statistical Bureau contained 22 coloured “plates”, including 6 maps and 16 diagrams. The techniques of visual display of statistical information were still in their infancy in statistical offices at this time, but this remarkable atlas already shows an expertise and judicious use of these techniques borrowed from the then reference book of Dr Georg von Mayr. The foreword of the original atlas gives a clue of what the authors intended with this visual collection: their main objective was to democratise interest in public statistics and their results using visualisations. In an educational effort, also an explanatory preamble on the methods of graphical representation in general was offered.</p><p>The data used were relatively recent at the time of publication and the datasets even contain first long-time series, ranging from 1850 to 1898. The themes addressed testify to the development of public statistics at the time and the historical context. We find the traditional demographic themes (birth rate, mortality, marriage, population structure, emigration and health), territorial aspects (surfaces and occupation and land use), political life (elected representatives and voting result), trade aspects (imports and exports) and the development of means of communications (railways, telegraph and telephone). The data visualisation techniques that were used already reflect a certain diversity: choropleth and proportional symbol maps, bar charts, pie charts, line charts and population pyramids, displayed as simple figures or as small multiples.</p><p>Following a similar first publication of a retro-atlas (The “Graphical-statistical Atlas 1914&ndash;2014”), published in 2015, he this latest atlas edition combines the 22 plates from the 1897 atlas as well as 7 older visualisations from the 1891&ndash;1899 yearbooks, and enriches this “retro” selection with their counterpart visualisations produced with recent data and modern tools around the year 2017. As the original atlas, the new atlas is fully bilingual and was printed in 2000 copies.</p><p>It is thus possible for the reader to compare different themes and developments in a broad historical perspective, as well as to appreciate the statistics bureau’s early know-how in visual communication. This anniversary edition is therefore an opportunity to bring the first statistical atlas back to the public's attention, and to show the early interest of official statistics in this excellent “<i>intuitive means of teaching, particularly suitable for popularising the interest in the work of statistics</i>”.</p>
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Dalah, Chiwa Musa, and V. V. Singh. "A Survey and Assessment Report of Hiv/Aids Awareness of in North-Eastern Nigeria." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 7, no. 11 (November 30, 2017): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse.v7i11.473.
Full textAbstract:
Prevention is better than Cure. The effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) global epidemic continue to emerge decades after the first wave of infection. One key aspect of controlling the epidemic is by enlightening the general public on the epidemic. That is on how it can be contracted and controlled. Since the start of the epidemic many measures have been taken by government and non-governmental organizations to control the epidemic but still it continued to infect and kill many people. The measures taken includes manufacturing antiretroviral drugs and therapy, using of condoms and enlightment among others. Nigeria consist of thirty-six (36) states and the federal capital territory (FCT) Abuja, and these are grouped in to six geopolitical zones. North-Eastern Nigeria consist of six states (6) namely Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba and Yobe states with a total population of about twenty-five million (25m), most of the people live in the rural areas where level of education is low, level of poverty is high and culture and tradition may contribute to the spread of the epidemic. Using secondary data from Federal Ministry of Health, National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), and National Agency for the Control of Aids (NACA), State Agency for the Control of Aids (SACA) and other Non- governmental organizations, the study will find out are the people of North-Eastern Nigeria aware of HIV/AIDS? Statistical methods and techniques are used in analyzing the data.