Academic literature on the topic 'Feature location (FL)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Feature location (FL)"
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Zhu, Delin, Helen McCarthy, Christian H. Ottensmeier, Peter Johnson, Terry J. Hamblin, and Freda K. Stevenson. "Acquisition of potential N-glycosylation sites in the immunoglobulin variable region by somatic mutation is a distinctive feature of follicular lymphoma." Blood 99, no. 7 (April 1, 2002): 2562–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v99.7.2562.
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Most patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) have somatically mutated V genes with intraclonal variation, consistent with location in the germinal center site. Using our own and published sequences, we have investigated the frequency of potential N-glycosylation sites introduced into functional VH genes as a consequence of somatic mutation. FL cells were compared with normal memory B cells or plasma cells matched for similar levels of mutation. Strikingly, novel sites were detected in 55 of 70 (79%) patients with FL, compared to 7 of 75 (9%) in the normal B-cell population (P < .001). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLCL) showed an intermediate frequency (13 of 32 [41%] patients). Myeloma and the mutated subset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia showed frequencies similar to those of normal cells in 5 of 64 (8%) patients and 5 of 40 (13%) patients, respectively. In 3 of 3 random patients with FL, immunoglobulin was expressed as recombinant single-chain Fv inPichia pastoris, and glycosylation was demonstrated. These findings indicate that N-glycosylation of the variable region may be common in FL and in a subset of DLCL. Most novel sites are located in the complementarity-determining regions. VH sequences of nonfunctional VH genes contained few sites, arguing for positive selection in FL. One possibility is that the added carbohydrate in the variable region contributes to interaction with elements in the germinal center environment. This common feature of FL may be critical for tumor behavior.
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Bai, Siqi, Yongjie Luo, and Qun Wan. "Transfer Learning for Wireless Fingerprinting Localization Based on Optimal Transport." Sensors 20, no. 23 (December 7, 2020): 6994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236994.
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Wireless fingerprinting localization (FL) systems identify locations by building radio fingerprint maps, aiming to provide satisfactory location solutions for the complex environment. However, the radio map is easy to change, and the cost of building a new one is high. One research focus is to transfer knowledge from the old radio maps to a new one. Feature-based transfer learning methods help by mapping the source fingerprint and the target fingerprint to a common hidden domain, then minimize the maximum mean difference (MMD) distance between the empirical distributions in the latent domain. In this paper, the optimal transport (OT)-based transfer learning is adopted to directly map the fingerprint from the source domain to the target domain by minimizing the Wasserstein distance so that the data distribution of the two domains can be better matched and the positioning performance in the target domain is improved. Two channel-models are used to simulate the transfer scenarios, and the public measured data test further verifies that the transfer learning based on OT has better accuracy and performance when the radio map changes in FL, indicating the importance of the method in this field.
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Ottensmeier, Christian H., Katy J. McCann, Peter Johnson, and Freda K. Stevenoson. "Immunogenetic Profiling of Follicular Lymphoma Reveals Universal N-Glycosylation Sites Introduced into the B Cell Receptor by Somatic Mutation and Suggests Relevance to Lymphoma Pathogenesis." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.606.606.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Immunogenetic analysis of B-cell malignancies can provide important information that relates to the cellular origin and clonal history of these lymphomas and give clues as to possible pathogenic mechanisms. In follicular lymphoma (FL), immunoglobulin variable region (V) genes are commonly somatically mutated and display intraclonal heterogeneity consistent with location in the germinal centre (GC). In this analysis of 44 cases of FL we find that, with minor exceptions, both the VH and VL gene usage reflects that of the normal B cell repertoire, indicative of a common antigenic drive and in support of a final transforming event in the GC. We have previously reported a high incidence of potential N-glycosylation sites in the VH genes of FL, which have been introduced by the process of somatic mutation. Here we have assessed both the VH and VL genes and find that sites are universally present and further demonstrate that they are available for functional glycosylation. The majority of sites are found in VH (81%) and are located predominantly within CDR2 and CDR3, with few sites present in the FRs. Sites are also evident in VL (45%) where they are focused mainly in CDR3 and CDR1. A minor subset (10%) has sites in VL only. In total, 26 different N-glycosylation motifs were observed, with NIS being the most commonly used. The natural motif in the V4–34 germline gene appears unimportant, and can be lost. Scrutiny of the somatic mutations giving rise to these motifs reveals that the acquisition of sites was predominantly (73%) achieved by a single amino acid (aa) replacement to Asn at position 1 of the motif, either with or without an additional, non-essential aa replacement at another position. Common ‘hotspots’ were observed within the CDR2 for the VH gene segments V3–23, V3–48, V3–07 and V3–15. It appears likely that the acquisition of N-glycosylation sites in the antigen-binding site during somatic mutation in the GC and the subsequent addition of oligosaccharides is important to the lifestyle of FL and may provide a critical second tumorigenic event. In turn, it may be possible to exploit this seemingly essential feature to develop novel therapeutic approaches.
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Chen, Xuerong, Chaoying Zhao, Jiangbo Xi, Zhong Lu, Shunping Ji, and Liquan Chen. "Deep Learning Method of Landslide Inventory Map with Imbalanced Samples in Optical Remote Sensing." Remote Sensing 14, no. 21 (November 2, 2022): 5517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14215517.
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Landslide inventory mapping (LIM) is a key prerequisite for landslide susceptibility evaluation and disaster mitigation. It aims to record the location, size, and extent of landslides in each map scale. Machine learning algorithms, such as support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), have been increasingly applied to landslide detection using remote sensing images in recent decades. However, their limitations have impeded their wide application. Furthermore, despite the widespread use of deep learning algorithms in remote sensing, for LIM, deep learning algorithms are limited to less unbalanced landslide samples. To this end, in this study, full convolution networks with focus loss (FCN-FL) were adopted to map historical landslides in regions with imbalanced samples using an improved symmetrically connected full convolution network and focus loss function to increase the feature level and reduce the contribution of the background loss value. In addition, K-fold cross-validation training models (FCN-FLK) were used to improve data utilization and model robustness. Results showed that the recall rate, F1-score, and mIoU of the model were improved by 0.08, 0.09, and 0.15, respectively, compared to FCN. It also demonstrated advantages over U-Net and SegNet. The results prove that the method proposed in this study can solve the problem of imbalanced sample in landslide inventory mapping. This research provides a reference for addressing imbalanced samples in the deep learning of LIM.
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Mercadal, Santiago, Antonio Martinez-Pozo, Francesc Bosch, Eva Gine, Ana Muntanola, Olga Salamero, Gonzalo Gutierrez, et al. "Primary Extranodal Follicular Lymphoma: Clinicobiological Features and Outcome." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 2456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.2456.2456.
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Abstract Follicular lymphoma (FL) is typically a nodal disease. Primary extranodal FLs, that represent less than 10% of the cases, might have differentiated clinicobiological features. The aim of the present study was to analyze the main clinicobiological characteristics, response to therapy and outcome of a series of patients with FL primarily extranodal in origin, and compare them with nodal FLs. Twenty two patients (12M/10F; median age, 59 years) with FL with primary origin in extranodal location diagnosed in a single institution during a 24-year period, with primary origin in extranodal location were the subject of the study. The control group was constituted by 212 patients with nodal FL diagnosed during the same period of time. Main clinicobiological features were recorded and analyzed. The sites of the primary disease were: skin, 5 cases; Waldeyer’s ring, 4; GI tract, 3; bone marrow, CNS and parotid (two cases each); and pancreas, thyroid, kidney and orbit (one case each). Main histological and clinical features are listed in the table. Treatment was given without considering the nodal or extranodal origin of the disease and consisted of: monotherapy with alkylating agents (38 cases), polychemotherapy (149), and fludarabine alone or with other drugs (14) and others, including surgery and observation (33). CR rate was higher in extranodal than in nodal FL (82% vs. 53%, respectively; p=0.02), but no differences were found in overall survival. FLIPI score was the most significant variable predicting overall survival in the global series as well as in either in nodal or extranodal FL. In conclusion, extranodal FL had some peculiar clinicobiological features with respect to nodal cases. Regarding the outcome, although patients with extranodal FL showed a higher CR rate, the overall survival was similar in both groups. Extranodal FL (N=22) Nodal FL (N=212) p Age (median, range) 59 (28–82) years 55 (24–93) years NS Sex (M/F) 12/10 100/112 NS Histological grade 3 (%) 12 10 NS CD10+(%) 85 90 NS Bcl2+ (%) 67 91 NS Bcl2/JH (%) 37 65 0.03 Stage IV (%) 50 64 NS Bone marrow + (%) 36 62 0.02 LDH > 450 IU/L (%) 15 24 NS B2-microglobulin > 2.3 mg/L (%) 7 41 0.058 High-risk FLIPI (%) 19 35 NS CR rate (%) 82 53 0.02 5-year OS (%) 75 74 NS 5-year FFS (%) 67 27 <0.02
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Korneeva, Yana A., and Natalya N. Simonova. "The Psychological Adaptation Features of Shift Personnel in the Far North." National Psychological Journal 44, no. 4 (2021): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/npj.2021.0406.
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Abstract. Fly-in-fl y-out personnel in the Far North are exposed to extreme climatic, geographic, and production factors, and also remain in conditions of group isolation, which makes demands on fl y-in-fl y-out worker’ body that oft en exceed its reserves. Th e full adaptation impossibility is associated with unfavorable functional states of workers, which lead to a decrease in the level of mental health, productivity and work effi ciency. Job tasks of workers in various industries diff er in physical and physiological stress and in the degree of harmful production factors expression. Th e purpose of this study is to identify and describe the psychological adaptation features in fl y-in-fl y-out personnel in industrial enterprises of the Far North. Th e study involved 145 fl y-in-fl y-out workers of oil, gas, and diamond mining industries in the Far North, 82 fl y-in-fl y-out builders in the south of the Russian Federation, who were a comparison group to identify the psychological adaptation features of fl y-in-fl y-out personnel in the Far North. Research methods are psychophysiological and psychological testing aimed at diagnosing conscious self-regulation of voluntary human activity and subjective control as key characteristics of psychological adaptation of workers. Th e results obtained allow us to conclude about the similarity of psychological characteristics that contribute to the successful adaptation of fl yin-fl y-out personnel, regardless of the region where the industrial facility is located. Th ese include internality in the areas of achievement, failure, family relationships, health and illness, as well as modeling, performance evaluation, and autonomy as regulatory processes. At the same time, their expression is specifi c, depending on the region of the object location and the industry.
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Cecil, Daniel J., Steven J. Goodman, Dennis J. Boccippio, Edward J. Zipser, and Stephen W. Nesbitt. "Three Years of TRMM Precipitation Features. Part I: Radar, Radiometric, and Lightning Characteristics." Monthly Weather Review 133, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 543–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-2876.1.
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Abstract During its first three years, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite observed nearly six million precipitation features. The population of precipitation features is sorted by lightning flash rate, minimum brightness temperature, maximum radar reflectivity, areal extent, and volumetric rainfall. For each of these characteristics, essentially describing the convective intensity or the size of the features, the population is broken into categories consisting of the top 0.001%, top 0.01%, top 0.1%, top 1%, top 2.4%, and remaining 97.6%. The set of “weakest/smallest” features composes 97.6% of the population because that fraction does not have detected lightning, with a minimum detectable flash rate of 0.7 flashes (fl) min−1. The greatest observed flash rate is 1351 fl min−1; the lowest brightness temperatures are 42 K (85 GHz) and 69 K (37 GHz). The largest precipitation feature covers 335 000 km2, and the greatest rainfall from an individual precipitation feature exceeds 2 × 1012 kg h−1 of water. There is considerable overlap between the greatest storms according to different measures of convective intensity. The largest storms are mostly independent of the most intense storms. The set of storms producing the most rainfall is a convolution of the largest and the most intense storms. This analysis is a composite of the global Tropics and subtropics. Significant variability is known to exist between locations, seasons, and meteorological regimes. Such variability will be examined in Part II. In Part I, only a crude land–ocean separation is made. The known differences in bulk lightning flash rates over land and ocean result from at least two differences in the precipitation feature population: the frequency of occurrence of intense storms and the magnitude of those intense storms that do occur. Even when restricted to storms with the same brightness temperature, same size, or same radar reflectivity aloft, the storms over water are considerably less likely to produce lightning than are comparable storms over land.
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Crowe, Amanda, Carrie S. Knight, Darshana Jhala, Steve J. Bynon, and Nirag C. Jhala. "Diagnosis of metastatic fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration." CytoJournal 8 (January 31, 2011): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1742-6413.76495.
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The fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma (FL-HCC) is distinguished from other hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) by its unique clinical and pathologic features. Cytological features for this tumor on fine needle aspiration (FNA) of primary tumors have been described earlier. We present here a unique case of metastatic FL-HCC diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) of mediastinal adenopathy. A 32-year-old woman with a history of oral contraceptive use presented with nausea and severe abdominal pain but no ascites or stigmata of cirrhosis. She had a past history of resection of a liver lesion. Serial computed tomography scans revealed mediastinal lymphadenopathy and the patient was referred for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). A transesophageal EUS-FNA was performed and tissue was collected for cytological evaluation by an on-site pathologist with no knowledge of prior history. Based on morphology correlated with prior history received later, a final diagnosis of metastatic FL-HCC in the retrocardiac lymph node was rendered on the EUS-FNA samples. There are very few reports in the literature where a diagnosis of FL-HCC is rendered at unusual sites. This case highlights that EUS-FNA is a relatively non-invasive, rapid, accurate and effective modality in obtaining tissue from otherwise hard-to-reach areas. It also suggests that metastasis of FL-HCC can be observed in mediastinal nodes and that diagnosis based on cytological features can be rendered even when the tumor is identified at unusual locations.
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Liu, Fuqiang, Yan Long, Jun Luo, Huayan Pu, Chaoqun Duan, and Songyi Zhong. "Active Fault Localization of Actuators on Torpedo-Shaped Autonomous Underwater Vehicles." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020476.
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To ensure the mission implementation of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), faults occurring on actuators should be detected and located promptly; therefore, reliable control strategies and inputs can be effectively provided. In this paper, faults occurring on the propulsion and attitude control systems of a torpedo-shaped AUV are analyzed and located while fault features may induce confusions for conventional fault localization (FL). Selective features of defined fault parameters are assorted as necessary conditions against different faulty actuators and synthesized in a fault tree subsequently to state the sufficiency towards possible abnormal parts. By matching fault features with those of estimated fault parameters, suspected faulty sections are located. Thereafter, active FL strategies that analyze the related fault parameters after executing purposive actuator control are proposed to provide precise fault location. Moreover, the generality of the proposed methods is analyzed to support extensive implementations. Simulations based on finite element analysis against a torpedo-shaped AUV with actuator faults are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
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Liu, Fuqiang, Yan Long, Jun Luo, Huayan Pu, Chaoqun Duan, and Songyi Zhong. "Active Fault Localization of Actuators on Torpedo-Shaped Autonomous Underwater Vehicles." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020476.
Full textAbstract:
To ensure the mission implementation of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), faults occurring on actuators should be detected and located promptly; therefore, reliable control strategies and inputs can be effectively provided. In this paper, faults occurring on the propulsion and attitude control systems of a torpedo-shaped AUV are analyzed and located while fault features may induce confusions for conventional fault localization (FL). Selective features of defined fault parameters are assorted as necessary conditions against different faulty actuators and synthesized in a fault tree subsequently to state the sufficiency towards possible abnormal parts. By matching fault features with those of estimated fault parameters, suspected faulty sections are located. Thereafter, active FL strategies that analyze the related fault parameters after executing purposive actuator control are proposed to provide precise fault location. Moreover, the generality of the proposed methods is analyzed to support extensive implementations. Simulations based on finite element analysis against a torpedo-shaped AUV with actuator faults are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.