Journal articles on the topic 'Fear Victoria'
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1
Goodman, David. "Fear of circuses: Founding the national museum of Victoria." Continuum 3, no. 1 (January 1990): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10304319009388147.
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Brotherton, Julia M. L., Leonard S. Piers, and Loretta Vaughan. "Estimating human papillomavirus vaccination coverage among young women in Victoria and reasons for non-vaccination." Sexual Health 13, no. 2 (2016): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh15131.
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Background Adult Australian women aged 18 to 26 years were offered human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in a mass catch up campaign between 2007 and 2009. Not all doses administered were notified to Australia’s HPV vaccine register and not all young women commenced or completed the vaccine course. Methods: We surveyed vaccine age-eligible women as part of the Victorian Population Health Survey 2011–2012, a population based telephone survey, to ascertain self-reported vaccine uptake and reasons for non-vaccination or non-completion of vaccination among young women resident in the state of Victoria, Australia. Results: Among 956 women surveyed, 62.3 per cent (57.8–66.6%) had been vaccinated against HPV and coverage with three doses was estimated at 53.7 per cent (49.1–58.2%). These estimates are higher than register-based estimates for the same cohort, which were 57.8 per cent and 37.2 per cent respectively. A lack of awareness about needing three doses and simply forgetting, rather than fear or experience of side effects, were the most common reasons for failure to complete all three doses. Among women who were not vaccinated, the most frequent reasons were not knowing the vaccine was available, perceiving they were too old to benefit, or not being resident in Australia at the time. Conclusions: It is likely that at least half of Victoria’s young women were vaccinated during the catch-up program. This high level of coverage is likely to explain the marked reductions in HPV infection, genital warts and cervical disease already observed in young women in Victoria.
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Stilley, Harriet. "Make America Hate Again: Trump-Era Horror and the Politics of Fear, Victoria McCollum (ed.) (2019)." European Journal of American Culture 40, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ejac_00050_5.
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Review of: Make America Hate Again: Trump-Era Horror and the Politics of Fear, Victoria McCollum (ed.) (2019) New York: Routledge, 230 pp., ISBN 978-1-13849-828-0, h/bk, £120, ISBN 978-0-36772-745-1, p/bk, £36.99
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Barber, Bridget, Margaret Hellard, Rebecca Jenkinson, Tim Spelman, and Mark Stoove. "Sexual history taking and sexually transmissible infection screening practices among men who have sex with men: a survey of Victorian general practitioners." Sexual Health 8, no. 3 (2011): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh10079.
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Background HIV notifications among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Victoria, Australia, have increased recently. Early HIV diagnosis is a prevention strategy that requires general practitioners (GP) to recognise at-risk individuals and perform screening. Sexual history taking is part of this process. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 354 Victorian GP to investigate attitudes and practices regarding sexual history taking and screening for HIV in MSM. Results: In total, 185 (53%, 95% CI: 47–58%) GPs reported being ‘very likely’ to take a sexual history from MSM presenting for a routine check-up; however 161 (46%, 95% CI: 40–51%) would not do so during the initial consultation. Barriers to sexual history taking included time constraints (28%, 95% CI: 24–36%), feeling inadequately trained (25%, 95% CI: 21–30%), discomfort discussing sex (24%, 95% CI: 20–29%) and fear of patient embarrassment (24%, 95% CI: 20–29%). Factors associated with a reduced likelihood included being male, time constraints, fear of patient embarrassment, and moral or religious views. Most GP (63%, 95% CI: 58–68%) reported they would offer HIV screening 3–6 monthly for MSM with casual partners; 54 (16%, 95% CI: 12–20%) would offer screening only on request. Being unlikely to take a sexual history and fear of patient embarrassment were associated with a decreased likelihood of offering an HIV test. Conclusion: GP often fail to take a sexual history from MSM, limiting opportunities to offer HIV screening. Strategies are required to increase GPs’ awareness of sexual health as a priority for MSM.
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Murtazaeva, Feruza Rashitovna. "PHILOSOPHY OF “FEMALE PROSE”." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 3, no. 3 (March 30, 2019): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2019/3/3/12.
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The article considers “female prose” as a phenomenon. Of particular interest is the work of the bright Russian writer Victoria Tokareva. Tokareva is interested in such moral categories as mental uneasiness, the need for self-expression, the fear of loneliness. These categories are never addressed by low-quality, purely entertaining writers, where the reader becomes an “imaginer” or “dreamer,” a passive consumer and observer. Whose work can be attributed to the galaxy of Lyudmila Petrushevskaya, Tatyana Tolstoy, Lyudmila Ulitskaya, etc.
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Browning, Colette, Keith Hill, Hal Kendig, and Deborah Osborne. "Gender Issues in Falls in Older Community Dwelling Adults." Australian Journal of Primary Health 4, no. 3 (1998): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py98052.
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Falls are the leading cause of injury and hospitalisation for people aged 65 and over. It has been estimated that 20% of hospital admissions in this age group are a result of falls and Fildes (1994) reported that the costs of falls is about $2369 million annually in Victoria. The purpose of this paper is to present a profile of gender differences in the frequency and location of falls, fear of falling, and predictors of falls in community dwelling older adults.
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Hegarty, Kelsey L., Lorna O'Doherty, Jill Astbury, and Jane Gunn. "Identifying intimate partner violence when screening for health and lifestyle issues among women attending general practice." Australian Journal of Primary Health 18, no. 4 (2012): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py11101.
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Intimate partner violence is a common but under-recognised issue for women attending primary care. There is a lack of studies looking at women’s comfort to discuss and openness to getting help for health issues, including fear of a partner, in primary care. Female patients (aged 16–50 years) attending 55 general practitioners (GPs) in Victoria, Australia were mailed a brief survey that screened for health and lifestyle issues, comfort to discuss these issues and intention to get help in primary care. Needing physical activity and smoking were the issues women were most comfortable to discuss; followed by difficulty controlling what and/or how much is eaten, feeling down, depressed, hopeless or worried, and use of drugs or alcohol. Women were least comfortable to discuss fear of a partner and least likely to seek help for it from the GP or primary care nurse. However, as with the other issues, acceptability of being asked in a survey was high. All health and lifestyle issues predicted fear of a partner. Primary care practitioners should be aware of this complex major public health issue especially when carrying out preventive health care.
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Wake, Nicola. "‘His home is his castle. And mine is a cage’: a new partial defence for primary victims who kill." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 66, no. 2 (August 17, 2018): 151–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v66i2.148.
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This article provides an in-depth analysis of the Crimes Amendment (Abolition of Defensive Homicide) Act 2014 which had the effect of repealing the Australian state of Victoria’s only general ‘partial defence’ of defensive homicide, and replaced the existing statutory self-defence in murder/manslaughter provisions and general common law self-defence rules with a single test. The abolition of defensive homicide means there is now no general ‘partial defence’ to accommodate cases falling short of self-defence. The change is likely to mean that some primary victims will find themselves bereft of a defence. This is the experience in New Zealand where the Family Violence Death Review Committee recently recommended the reintroduction of a partial defence, postabolition of provocation in 2009. Primary victims in New Zealand are being convicted of murder and sentences are double those issued pre-2009. Both jurisdictions require that a new partial defence be introduced, and accordingly, an entirely new defence predicated on a fear of serious violence and several threshold filter mechanisms designed to accommodate the circumstances of primary victims is advanced herein. The proposed framework draws upon earlier recommendations of the Law Commission for England and Wales, and a comprehensive review of the operation of ss 54 and 55 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, but the novel framework rejects the paradoxical loss of self-control requirement and sexed normative standard operating within that jurisdiction. The recommendations are complemented by social framework evidence and mandatory jury directions, modelled on the law in Victoria. A novel interlocutory appeal procedure designed to prevent unnecessary appellate court litigation is also outlined. This bespoke model provides an appropriate via media and optimal solution to the problems faced by primary victims in Victoria and New Zealand.
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Bruton, Crystal, and Danielle Tyson. "Leaving violent men: A study of women’s experiences of separation in Victoria, Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 51, no. 3 (December 7, 2017): 339–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865817746711.
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Despite decades of feminist efforts to educate the community about, and improve responses to, domestic violence, public attitudes towards domestic violence continue to misunderstand women’s experiences of violence. Underlying such responses is the stock standard question, ‘Why doesn’t she leave?’ This question points to a lack of understanding about the impacts and threat of violence from an abusive partner on women’s decisions to leave the relationship. Moreover, it places sole responsibility for ending the relationship squarely upon women, assuming women are presented with numerous opportunities to leave a violent relationship and erroneously assumes the violence will cease once they do leave. This study explores women’s experiences of separating from an abusive, male partner through women’s narratives (n = 12) in Victoria, Australia. Findings reveal that fear was a complex influencing factor impacting upon women’s decision-making throughout the leaving process. The findings show that women seek to exercise agency within the context of their abusers’ coercively controlling tactics by strategically attempting to manage the constraints placed on their decision-making and partner’s repeated attempts to reassert dominance and control.
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King, Meredith A., and Jaclyn Yoong. "Palliative care nursing during the COVID-19 pandemic: reflections from Melbourne, Australia." International Journal of Palliative Nursing 29, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2023.29.1.43.
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Background: Nurses played a critical role in providing care for patients throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim: This study aimed to explore perspectives of Australian palliative care nurses regarding the impact of COVID-19 on the provision of care for patients with advanced illness, or at the end of life. Methods: The authors conducted a survey of palliative care nurses in ward- and consultation-based roles at a metropolitan health service in Victoria, Australia. Findings: A total of 24 out of 39 nurses completed the survey. Responses included strong themes of fear of COVID-19 and sadness about separating dying patients from their families. Conclusion: Delivery of palliative care changed at an individual and service level. Importantly, there were strong themes of adapting to change and ‘soldiering on’ with the core business of palliative care.
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Longman, Christine, Meredith Temple-Smith, Gail Gilchrist, and Nicholas Lintzeris. "Reluctant to train, reluctant to prescribe: barriers to general practitioner prescribing of opioid substitution therapy." Australian Journal of Primary Health 18, no. 4 (2012): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py11100.
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Opioid substitution therapy (OST) is a well-recognised, evidence-based treatment for opioid dependence. Since the early 1990s, Australia has used a community-based general practitioner (GP) model of prescribing, particularly within the state of Victoria, where over 85% of OST prescribing is undertaken by GPs in community settings. Yet the majority of GPs invited to complete the required OST training decline the offer, while of those who complete training, the majority prescribe to few or no patients. This study aimed to determine the reasons for this. Twenty-two in-depth interviews were conducted with Victorian GPs exploring the reasons why the majority declined training, and for trained GPs, why they prescribed to few or no patients in the first 12 months after training. General practitioners who declined to train were predominantly influenced by negative experiences with drug-seeking patients, although other secondary reasons also affected their decision. Some GPs who completed the training were prevented from prescribing by several structural and operational barriers, many of which could be addressed. Fear of deskilling with time became a further impediment. General practitioners who became regular prescribers were highly committed with lengthy general practice experience. Concerns exist about the recruitment process for OST prescriber training, where nearly all GPs decline the offer of training, and the barriers that prevent GPs prescribing after training. Action is needed to address barriers to GP OST training and prescribing, and further research is necessary to ascertain measures required to facilitate long-term prescribing.
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Bennetts, Shannon K., Amanda R. Cooklin, Sharinne Crawford, Fabrizio D’Esposito, Naomi J. Hackworth, Julie Green, Jan Matthews, Lyndall Strazdins, Stephen R. Zubrick, and Jan M. Nicholson. "What Influences Parents’ Fear about Children’s Independent Mobility? Evidence from a State-Wide Survey of Australian Parents." American Journal of Health Promotion 32, no. 3 (November 22, 2017): 667–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117117740442.
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Purpose: To identify factors associated with generalized and stranger-specific parental fear (PF) about children’s independent mobility (CIM), a critical aspect of physical activity. Design: Cross-sectional survey; random sampling frame, minimum quotas of fathers, rural residents. Setting: State of Victoria, Australia. Subjects: Parents of children aged 9 to 15 years (n = 1779), 71% response rate. Measures: Validated measures of PF and fear of strangers (FoS); parent, child, social, and environmental factors. Analysis: Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression stratified by child age (9-10; 11-13; 14-15). Results: Adjusted models explained a substantial proportion of variance across all age groups (PF: 33.6%-36.7%; FoS: 39.1%-44.0%). Perceived disapproval from others was consistently associated with both outcomes (PF: β =.11 to 23, p ≤ .05; FoS: β =.17-.21, p ≤ .001) as was parents’ perception of children’s competence to travel safely (PF: β = −.24 to −.11, p ≤ .05; FoS: β = −.16 to −.13, p ≤ .01). Factors associated with FoS included having a female child (β = −.21 to −.13, p ≤ .001), language other than English (β = .09 to.11, p ≤ .01), and low levels of parent education (β = −.14 to −08, p ≤ .05). Conclusion: The current study suggests that social norms, child competence, and perceptions about the benefits of CIM underpin PF. This evidence informs the development of interventions to reduce PF and promote CIM and children’s physical activity.
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Sheen, Jade, Elizabeth M. Clancy, Julie Considine, Alison Dwyer, Phillip Tchernegovski, Anna Aridas, Brian En Chyi Lee, Andrea Reupert, and Leanne Boyd. "“Did You Bring It Home with You?” A Qualitative Investigation of the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Victorian Frontline Healthcare Workers and Their Families." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 18, 2022): 4897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084897.
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Concerns regarding the physical and mental health impacts of frontline healthcare roles during the COVID-19 pandemic have been well documented, but the impacts on family functioning remain unclear. This study provides a unique contribution to the literature by considering the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on frontline healthcare workers and their families. Thirty-nine frontline healthcare workers from Victoria, Australia, who were parents to at least one child under 18 were interviewed. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Five superordinate and 14 subordinate themes were identified. Themes included more family time during lockdowns, but at a cost; changes in family responsibilities and routines; managing increased demands; healthcare workers hypervigilance and fear of bringing COVID-19 home to their family members; ways in which families worked to “get through it”. While efforts have been made by many healthcare organisations to support their workers during this challenging time, the changes in family functioning observed by participants suggest that more could be done for this vulnerable cohort, particularly with respect to family support.
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Wake, Nicola. "Battered Women, Startled Householders and Psychological Self-Defence: Anglo-Australian Perspectives." Journal of Criminal Law 77, no. 5 (October 2013): 433–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/jcla.2013.77.5.868.
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This article provides a timely and critical reappraisal of the interconnected, but discrete, doctrines of loss of self-control, under ss 54–56 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, and self-defence within s. 76 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008. The loss of control conceptualisation renders it difficult for defendants to claim the partial defence where exculpatory self-defence has been rejected, and fear of serious violence is adduced. This doctrinal incoherence has been exacerbated by the fact that s. 43 of the Crime and Courts Act 2013 effectively legitimises the use of disproportionate force in self-defence, but only in ‘startled householder’ cases. A more appropriate avenue of reform is provided by developments in Australian jurisdictions. This comparative extirpation engages the introduction of a new partial defence of self-preservation/psychological self-defence predicated on the notion of excessive utilisation of force in self-defence as in New South Wales, supplemented with a ‘social framework’ provision, akin to that in Victoria. The new defence would avoid the problems associated with requiring the abused woman to establish a loss of self-control and/or affording an affirmative defence in ‘startled householder’ cases.
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Et al., Siraj Hussain. "The Impact Of Death Anxiety On Quality Of Life Among Cancer Patients: A Case Of Bahawalpur And Multan District." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 5473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.2162.
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The current study aimed to carved the impact of death anxiety on quality of life among cancer patients. The study focused to find out the difference of death anxiety in the context of gender and socio-demographic factors; and to seek out the impact of death anxiety on the quality of life of cancer patients. Purposive sampling technique was opted to collect the N= 110 cancer patients from Victoria hospital Bahawalpur and the Minar hospital Multan though the cross-sectional survey research design. The instrument was adopted from Lemming fear of death anxiety scale and WHOQOL. To cognizant the study Correlation t-test was computed which put forth that women cancer patients have a positive correlation between death anxiety and the quality of life. The conclusion is there is an impact of death anxiety on quality of life among patients who were hospitalized. Death anxiety has a negative impact on quality of life among cancer patients. Patients both male and female experience death anxiety at a certain level that may impact their quality of life, cancer patients who were hospitalized they have more death anxiety than other cancer patients. Septate Psychological counseling sessions can assist to decline the death anxiety among cancer patients.
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Hameed, Fawad, Javeria Afzal, Ahmad Rafique, M. Khurram Jameel, Khurram Niaz, Humiara Alam, and Muhammad Shoaib. "The Importance of Clinical Data & Prevalence of Breast Tumors in South Punjab, Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 11 (December 1, 2022): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2022161121.
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Background: In Western countries, middle-aged women are more vulnerable to breast cancer. Globally, almost a million new cases were identified in 1998. One in 12 women in England and Wales will get the disease at some point.1 Even 5,000 years after it was first reported, the etiology of breast cancer is still unclear, and effective preventative measures are even further off. Aim: To characterize the varied ways in which breast cancer has presented itself among patients at Bahawal Victoria Hospital in Bahawalpur. Methods: This investigation employed a descriptive case series research design. This research was conducted at Bahawal Victoria Hospital's Surgery Department in Bahawalpur (Pakistan). From March 13th, 2020 through March 12th, 2021, the study was conducted (12 months). With their assent, 100 women with definite cases of breast cancer were enrolled in the study. Results: Cancer of the breast most commonly affected women between the ages of 31 and 50 (59%). Seventy-six patients arrived from the outlying rural areas of Bahawalpur and the neighboring districts. Only 18 patients had completed high school after 10 years and 5 patients were discovered to be college graduates. The single rate was 12%, with 12 patients. Eighty-one percent of patients reported having a breast lump. 56% of breast cancers involve the left breast, while 43% involve the right. One patient alone had breast cancer that had spread to both of her breasts. Illness duration varied from 1 month to 5 years. Stage III was the most prevalent presentation, with 46 instances, and Stage IV was the least common, with 16 patients. Practical implication Community based effective awareness and prompt screening programme will improve better outcomes in breast cancer management. Conclusion: Breast cancer is very common cancer in the females, and most commonly it presented as a lump in the breast, because of some social aspects, lack of awareness, poverty, no proper screening programs and above all the fear of diagnosis, females try to hide this problem and often it presented at late and more advance stage. Keywords: Breast, Nipple, Cancer, Lump, Surgery, Tumor
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Hameed, Fawad, Javeria Afzal, Ahmad Rafique, M. Khurram Jameel, Khurram Niaz, Humiara Alam, and Muhammad Shoaib. "The Importance of Clinical Data & Prevalence of Breast Tumors in South Punjab, Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2022161185.
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Background: In Western countries, middle-aged women are more vulnerable to breast cancer. Globally, almost a million new cases were identified in 1998. One in 12 women in England and Wales will get the disease at some point.1 Even 5,000 years after it was first reported, the etiology of breast cancer is still unclear, and effective preventative measures are even further off. Aim: To characterize the varied ways in which breast cancer has presented itself among patients at Bahawal Victoria Hospital in Bahawalpur. Methods: This investigation employed a descriptive case series research design. This research was conducted at Bahawal Victoria Hospital's Surgery Department in Bahawalpur (Pakistan). From March 13th, 2020 through March 12th, 2021, the study was conducted (12 months). With their assent, 100 women with definite cases of breast cancer were enrolled in the study. Results: Cancer of the breast most commonly affected women between the ages of 31 and 50 (59%). Seventy-six patients arrived from the outlying rural areas of Bahawalpur and the neighboring districts. Only 18 patients had completed high school after 10 years and 5 patients were discovered to be college graduates. The single rate was 12%, with 12 patients. Eighty-one percent of patients reported having a breast lump. 56% of breast cancers involve the left breast, while 43% involve the right. One patient alone had breast cancer that had spread to both of her breasts. Illness duration varied from 1 month to 5 years. Stage III was the most prevalent presentation, with 46 instances, and Stage IV was the least common, with 16 patients. The histological hallmark most frequently attested by examination of slides was infiltrating ductal carcinoma, and this was the case in 87% of the cases. Conclusion: Breast cancer is very common cancer in the females, and most commonly it presented as a lump in the breast, because of some social aspects, lack of awareness, poverty, no proper screening programs and above all the fear of diagnosis, females try to hide this problem and often it presented at late and more advance stage. Keywords: Breast, Nipple, Cancer, Lump, Surgery, Tumor
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Gudde Prasanna, Praveen, and Harindranath Ranganath. "A comparative study on antibiotics and no antibiotics in clean surgical cases." International Surgery Journal 7, no. 2 (January 27, 2020): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20200295.
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Background: Surgical wound infection is one of the most commonly occurring complications and its incidence has been lowest in clean surgical cases. Prophylactic antibiotics are routinely used in all surgical cases. But this is not indicated in clean surgical cases. Due to undue fear of infections, many practicing surgeons use antibiotics in clean surgical cases. Misuse of antimicrobials leads to drug toxicity, super infections, high health care cost and colonization of wards by highly resistant microbes. Objective of the study is to compare the frequencies of wound site infections in patients undergoing clean elective general surgery operations with no antibiotics and single dose prophylactic antibiotics.Methods: A comparative study of 100 patients undergoing elective clean surgeries at Victoria Hospital from November 2012 to October 2014 was undertaken. Data was collected by history taking, clinical examination, hematological and microbiological investigations and follow up.Results: Two cases in each group had post-operative infections noticed on the day 2 wound examination. All the four cases had culture positive with isolates being S. aureus in three and E. coli in single case.Conclusions: Post-operative wound infections noted in two cases in both the groups do not have any clinical and statistical significance; hence single dose of prophylactic antibiotics is not required in all the clean surgical cases. A simple size of large number is required in this area of research to conclude with statistical significance.
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Jones, Barbara, and Erica Frydenberg. "Anxiety in Children — The Importance of the Anxiety Sensitivity Factor." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 13, no. 2 (December 2003): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1037291100002843.
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Anxiety sensitivity, the fear of anxiety-related bodily sensations, is a recently ldentified construct, which has become part of the conceptualisation of anxiety. Evidence in the research literature suggests that adults who have a high level of anxiety sensitivity combined with a high level of the more traditionally recognised trait anxiety reported a significantly higher incidence of anxiety disorders. The aim of the present study was to determine whether a high level of both anxiety sensitivity and trait anxiety in children results in more anxiety symptoms and therefore may be a risk factor for developing anxiety disorders. Anxiety sensitivity, trait anxiety and anxiety symptoms were examined in a sample of 455 primary school children in Grades 3, 4, 5 and 6 at schools in metropolitan, regional and country areas of Victoria, Australia. Results revealed that children who reported high anxiety sensitivity together with high trait anxiety experienced significantly more anxiety symptoms than other children. Significant gender and age differences were also found in relation to anxiety sensitivity, trait anxiety and anxiety symptoms. Anxiety disorders are debilitating and interfere with normal development. If children with a predisposition to developing anxiety disorders could be identified as those who report high anxiety sensitivity together with high trait anxiety then early intervention could prevent the onset of anxiety disorders in adolescence or adulthood.
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Hedges, S., M. Davidson, S. Forrester, A. Casey, V. Pridmore, A. Cooper, A. Beauchamp, and N. McGrath. "A Breast Screening Shawl to Help Aboriginal Women Feel More Comfortable and Culturally Safe." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 40s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.11200.
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Background: It is recommended that Australian women aged 50-74 have a breast screen every two years. Aboriginal women have lower breast screening participation than the general population, and face barriers at a system, service and individual level including: • Cultural: lack of cultural awareness/safety at screening services • Fear: historical apprehension about health services due to the after effects of colonization and intergenerational trauma • Shame: feeling embarrassment/shame at being undressed in front of a stranger • Past experience: having a past unpleasant breast screen, or hearing about someone else' • Knowledge: lack of knowledge about screening • Logistics: not knowing service provider locations or limited access to transport During a 2016 project between BreastScreen Victoria (BSV) and Women's Health West, Aboriginal women discussed the need for a shawl to cover them during screening. This idea is based on a successful New Zealand model. Based on this, the Victorian Aboriginal Health Service (VAHS), Victorian Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organization (VACCHO) and BSV formed a partnership to trial a breast screening shawl with Aboriginal women. A key principle underpinning the project is that success will reflect the degree to which this is an Aboriginal-led initiative, driven by the needs of Aboriginal women, and steered by community-based Aboriginal health organizations. Project aims: • Assess whether a cultural, strength based screening process increases engagement of Aboriginal women • Determine whether a screening shawl enhances comfort and culturally safety • Encourage breast screening services to develop culturally safe screening practices • Develop a flexible model that can be easily adapted by other Aboriginal health services to reproduce the shawl, in recognition of the diversity of Aboriginal communities Methods: This project adopted the following strategies: • A project steering group was established • The shawl will be trialled via a group booking at one BSV clinic • Before the group booking, BSV clinic staff will attend culturally safety training • On the trial day, women will attend an information session at VAHS about breast screening and receive their shawl, travel to the BSV clinic together for screening, and return to VAHS to discuss their experiences Results: The trial will be fully evaluated in 2018 to determine whether project aims were achieved. Conclusion: Key learnings to date are: • Breast screening interventions for Aboriginal women must be community-led to ensure they are culturally appropriate, safe and acceptable • Aboriginal women face a number of barriers to breast screening at a system, service and individual level • Health services play a critical role in adopting culturally safe screening practices • Developing a flexible model that can be easily adapted by other Aboriginal health services is critical in ensuring the sustainability and acceptability of the shawl.
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Livingston, Patricia M., Lahiru Russell, Liliana Orellana, Natalie Winter, Michael Jefford, Afaf Girgis, David Austin, et al. "Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of an online mindfulness program (MindOnLine) to reduce fear of recurrence among people with cancer: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 12, no. 1 (January 2022): e057212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057212.
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IntroductionFear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a common condition among cancer survivors that can lead to significant levels of distress, anxiety and depression. Online mindfulness programmes may provide the mechanism to support cancer survivors manage FCR and distress, and improve people’s well-being over the short, medium and long term. The primary aim of this study is to determine the potential efficacy of MindOnLine, a 9 session mindfulness-based programme for survivors of breast, prostate and colorectal cancer. A formal economic programme will also be conducted.Methods and analysisA single-blind randomised controlled trial to determine the efficacy and cost-efficacy of a MindOnLine programme for cancer survivors. A total of 400 people living with cancer will be recruited via online advertisements on social media platforms, peak consumer advocacy groups or through outpatient services at healthcare providers across Victoria, Australia. People will be randomly allocated to either the MindOnLine programme (n=200) or waitlist control (n=200). Participant assessments will occur at baseline, at 9 weeks and 9-month follow-up. The primary outcome is change in Fear of Recurrence Index Score total score between baseline and 9 weeks; secondary outcomes are changes in depression and anxiety, quality of life and mindfulness. The economic analysis comprises a cost-consequences analysis where all outcomes will be compared with costs.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre (20-53) and Deakin University (2020-284). All participants will be required to provide written informed consent. Findings will be disseminated in peer reviewed journals and among key stakeholder organisations including hospitals, cancer and community organisations and Government. If successful the project will be rolled out nationally with a formal implementation plan.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (12620000645954); Pre-results. Registered 6 June 2020, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=379520&isReview=true.
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Allen, Michelle. "FROM CESSPOOL TO SEWER: SANITARY REFORM AND THE RHETORIC OF RESISTANCE, 1848–1880." Victorian Literature and Culture 30, no. 2 (August 27, 2002): 383–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150302302018h.
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IN 1855, THE REVEREND GIRDLESTONE zealously promoted sanitary reform in Britain, claiming that the movement was “pregnant with the most important advantages to the human race, in every point of view — social, moral, and religious” (29). Girdlestone’s claim provides a useful starting point for considering representations of reform, as this view of the redemptive powers of cleanliness has been accepted by many historians as a characteristic Victorian attitude.1 But while it is true that many Victorians believed that sweeping public health reforms could fuel the physical and moral regeneration of the urban poor, it is also true that others responded to these reforms with fear, anger, and suspicion: an active strain of resistance flourished within Victorian sanitary discourse. That scholars have privileged the Victorians’ declarations of faith in matters of cleanliness and to some degree shared in these sentiments should not surprise us. The idea of public health reform as universally advantageous accords not only with our own sense of the desirability of sanitary techniques such as flush-toilets and water-borne sewerage, which have become naturalized in the West, but also with a narrative of historical progress.2 While this essay does not dispute the fact that the sanitary idea gained wide acceptance in the period, it does seek to shift the focus away from Victorian faith to Victorian apostasy in matters of reform.
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Akobi, William Kala, John Paul Oyore, and George Ochieng Otieno. "Interventional behavioural change communication on HIV and aids related high risk behaviour among fishermen in Homabay and Siaya Counties, Kenya." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 12 (November 28, 2022): 4368. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20223194.
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Background: Risky sexual behaviors such as sexual concurrency, sexual networks (fish for sex exchange) and unprotected sex, have been reported as the main cause of STIs/HIV infections among the fisher folks. Behavioural change mechanisms such as condom use, and abstinence are some of the interventions used in the prevention HIV/AIDS spread in Kenya.Methods: This was a follow up study on a three tie quasi-experimental study involving 246 randomly selected fisher folks in Mbita and Usenge along Lake Victoria. The study had three phases. baseline, intervention and endline. The survey used questionnaires to collect data among respondents. Using a sample frame in the beach management unit offices, fisherfolks were identified and invited to participate. Consent was obtained from participantsResults: Various variables were influenced by behavior change communication strategies used. These includes use of condom every time of sexual encounter p>0.000, risk associated with non-condom use p>0.004, stopping using condom and fear of getting HIV/AIDS p>0.009, Sexual intercourse without condom use is dangerous p>0.000, whether remembering to use condom every time of sex is difficult P.0.000, whether they are keeping many sexual partners p=0.004, receiving fish/money in exchange for sex in last six months p=0.006.Conclusions: Multiple sexual partners, non-condom use, fish for sex, alcohol consumption and circumcision were significantly associated with risky sexual behavior among the Fisherfolks, therefore other existing interventions need to be intensified to supplement behavior change communication to curb sexually transmitted diseases and further spread of HIV and AIDS.
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Purcell, Rosemary, Michele Pathé, and Paul E. Mullen. "The Prevalence and Nature of Stalking in the Australian Community." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 36, no. 1 (February 2002): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.00985.x.
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Objective: This study examines the extent and nature of stalking victimisation in a random community sample. Method: A postal survey was distributed to 3700 adult men and women selected from the electoral roll in the State of Victoria. Outcome measures included the lifetime and annual cumulative incidence of stalking, the duration and methods of harassment, rates of associated violence and responses to victimisation. Results: Almost one in four respondents (23.4%;432) had been stalked, the unwanted behaviour they were subjected to being both repeated and fear-provoking. One in 10 (197) had experienced a protracted course of stalking involving multiple intrusions spanning a period of at least one month. Women were twice as likely as men to report having been stalked at some time in their lives, though the rates of victimisation in the 12 months prior to the study did not differ significantly according to gender. Younger people were significantly more likely than older respondents to report having been stalked. Victims were pursued by strangers in 42% of cases. The most common methods of harassment involved unwanted telephone calls, intrusive approaches and following. Associated threats (29%) and physical assaults (18%) frequently arose out of the stalking. Significant social and economic disruption was created by the stalking for 63% of victims. Most sought assistance to manage their predicament (69%). Conclusions: The experience of being stalked is common and appears to be increasing. Ten percent of people have been subjected at some time to an episode of protracted harassment. Assaults by stalkers are disturblingly frequent. Most victims report significant disruption to their daily functioning irrespective of exposure to associated violence.
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Sunthikhunakorn, Nathamon. "Vampires and Sexual Degeneration in Bram Stoker’s Dracula." MANUSYA 21, no. 1 (2018): 39–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-02101003.
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In the late-nineteenth century, Victorian people lived their lives in fear and anxiety caused by the negative consequences of the Industrial Revolution and uncertainty about their future. The concept of degeneration invented by influential nineteenth-century European scientists was used to explain the causes and effects of these pessimistic outcomes. It terrified Victorian people because it proposed the idea that the Caucasian race would be physically degraded and would, unavoidably, face extinction because later generations would become morally and culturally corrupted. This concept is reflected in the analysis of Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1897) in the form of sexual degeneration in the form of sexual degeneration in the late-nineteenth century and how the novel seeks to deal with the tensions of the era by both reinforcing Victorian values and highlighting the importance of an adaptability to change. Relying on the social and cultural context of degeneration in nineteenth-century Britain, this paper shows that vampires in the novel can be seen to represent degenerate people and they also symbolize the Victorians’ fear regarding changes in gender roles during the late-nineteenth century. Decadent women of the period are portrayed through the figures of the female vampires and Lucy Westenra who express their lack of self-control by being excessively sexual and resigning wifehood and motherhood. While Lucy is eliminated from the text, Mina Harker survives through to the end since she is proved to be a good and loyal wife who uses her knowledge and intellect to provide her husband with support when it is needed. A character like Mina helps reduce the tension and anxiety about sexual morality, gender roles and the possibility that the English race will become extinct because she reaffirms Victorian values and also proves that it is not necessary for the country to collapse because of change.
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Clarke, Clare. "IMPERIAL ROGUES: REVERSE COLONIZATION FEARS IN GUY BOOTHBY'S A PRINCE OF SWINDLERS AND LATE-VICTORIAN DETECTIVE FICTION." Victorian Literature and Culture 41, no. 3 (September 2013): 527–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150313000089.
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This essay looks at how the question of late-Victorian imperial decline is contested, formulated, and framed within Guy Boothby's A Prince of Swindlers – a popular, yet critically-overlooked, collection of detective stories set in Calcutta and London, that appeared in 1897, the year of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. There is, of course, a familiar critical narrative about the Victorian fin de siècle that characterises the era as a particularly fraught period “of mounting complexity and contradiction” with regard to empire (Dixon 2). The Berlin Conference of 1885, the failure of British Troops at the Siege of Khartoum, the so-called scramble for Africa, the undermining of Britain's steel manufacturing superiority by German and American competition, and the decline of the Royal Navy relative to the navies of France, Germany, Russia, and Italy all underscored the fragility of British imperial dominion. As Patrick Brantlinger puts it, “After the mid-Victorian years the British found it increasingly difficult to think of themselves as inevitably progressive; they began worrying instead about the degeneration of their institutions, their culture, their racial ‘stock’” (230).
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Temple-Smith, M. J., C. A. Hopkins, C. K. Fairley, J. E. Tomnay, N. L. Pavlin, R. M. Parker, D. B. Russell, et al. "60. THE RIGHT THING TO DO: PATIENTS' VIEWS AND EXPERIENCES OF TELLING PARTNERS ABOUT CHLAMYDIA." Sexual Health 4, no. 4 (2007): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/shv4n4ab60.
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Partner notification for patients diagnosed with chlamydia is recommended to assist in controlling the increasing incidence of this often asymptomatic but treatable infection. Few studies, however, have ascertained the views on partner notification from those who are often expected to perform it - the individuals who have been diagnosed with chlamydia. As part of a larger combined qualitative-quantitative methods study of partner notification, 40 in-depth telephone interviews were conducted with people diagnosed with chlamydia from clinics in Victoria, ACT and Queensland. Reactions to chlamydia diagnosis, as well as reasons for, and feelings about, telling their sexual partners about this infection were explored. Common reactions to initial diagnosis were surprise, shock and shame, as well as relief about being able to put a name to symptoms. Many spoke of relief on learning the condition was treatable. Both men and women commonly saw partner notification as a social duty, and cited concerns about their own health and the health of others as a reason for telling partners and ex-partners about the diagnosis. An infrequent reason offered for partner notification was to confront a partner to clarify fidelity. Reasons for not contacting a partner were typically fear of reaction, or a lack of contact details. Although participants reported sexual partners exhibiting a variety of reactions when told of the diagnosis, results showed that for almost everyone, the experience of notifying their partner was better than they had expected. Views about taking antibiotics to the partner varied according to the currency of the relationship, with some feeling it could be offered as appeasement, and others feeling it might be seen as intrusive. Overall, the findings from this study suggest that partner notification by people diagnosed with chlamydia is achievable, with many of these results likely to be transferable to other settings.
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Jones, Anna Maria. "CONSERVATION OF ENERGY, INDIVIDUAL AGENCY, AND GOTHIC TERROR IN RICHARD MARSH'STHE BEETLE, OR, WHAT'S SCARIER THAN AN ANCIENT, EVIL, SHAPE-SHIFTING BUG?" Victorian Literature and Culture 39, no. 1 (December 6, 2010): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150310000276.
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There is a familiar critical narrativeabout the fin de siècle, into which gothic fiction fits very neatly. It is the story of the gradual decay of Victorian values, especially their faith in progress and in the empire. The self-satisfied (middle-class) builders of empire were superseded by the doubters and decadents. As Patrick Brantlinger writes, “After the mid-Victorian years the British found it increasingly difficult to think of themselves as inevitably progressive; they began worrying instead about the degeneration of their institutions, their culture, their racial ‘stock’” (230). And this late-Victorian anomie expressed itself in the move away from realism and toward romance, decadence, naturalism, and especially gothic horror. No wonder, then, that the 1880s and 1890s saw a surge of gothic fiction paranoiacally concerned with the disintegration of identity into bestiality (Stevenson'sThe Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, 1886), the loss of British identity through overpowering foreign influence (du Maurier'sTrilby, 1894), the vulnerability of the empire to monstrous and predatory sexualities (Stoker'sDracula, 1897), the death of humanity itself in the twilight of everything (Orwell'sThe Time Machine, 1895). The Victorian Gothic, thus, may be read as an index of its culture's anxieties, especially its repressed, displaced, disavowed fears and desires. But this narrative tends to overlook the Victorians’ concerns with the terrifying possibilities of progress, energy, and self-assertion. In this essay I consider two oppositions that shape critical discussions of the fin-de-siècle Gothic – horror and terror, and entropy and energy – and I argue that critics’ exploration of the Victorians’ seeming preoccupation with the horrors of entropic decline has obscured that culture's persistent anxiety about the terrors of energy. I examine mid- to late-Victorian accounts of human energy in relation to the first law of thermodynamics – the conservation of energy – in both scientific and social discourses, and then I turn to Richard Marsh's 1897 gothic novelThe Beetleas an illustration of my point: the conservation of energy might have been at least as scary as entropy to the Victorians.
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Hegarty, Kelsey, Jodie Valpied, Angela Taft, Stephanie Janne Brown, Lisa Gold, Jane Gunn, and Lorna O'Doherty. "Two-year follow up of a cluster randomised controlled trial for women experiencing intimate partner violence: effect of screening and family doctor-delivered counselling on quality of life, mental and physical health and abuse exposure." BMJ Open 10, no. 12 (December 2020): e034295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034295.
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ObjectivesThis was a 2-year follow-up study of a primary care-based counselling intervention (weave) for women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). We aimed to assess whether differences in depression found at 12 months (lower depression for intervention than control participants) would be sustained at 24 months and differences in quality in life, general mental and physical health and IPV would emerge.DesignCluster randomised controlled trial. Researchers blinded to allocation. Unit of randomisation: family doctors.SettingFifty-two primary care clinics, Victoria, Australia.ParticipantsBaseline: 272 English-speaking, female patients (intervention n=137, doctors=35; control n=135, doctors=37), who screened positive for fear of partner in past 12 months. Twenty-four-month response rates: intervention 59% (81/137), control 63% (85/135).InterventionsIntervention doctors received training to deliver brief, woman-centred counselling. Intervention patients were invited to receive this counselling (uptake rate: 49%). Control doctors received standard IPV information; delivered usual care.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTwenty-four months primary outcomes: WHO Quality of Life-Bref dimensions, Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) mental health. Secondary outcomes: SF-12 physical health and caseness for depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale), post-traumatic stress disorder (Check List-Civilian), IPV (Composite Abuse Scale), physical symptoms (≥6 in last month). Data collected through postal survey. Mixed-effects regressions adjusted for location (rural/urban) and clustering.ResultsNo differences detected between groups on quality of life (physical: 1.5, 95% CI −2.9 to 5.9; psychological: −0.2, 95% CI −4.8 to 4.4,; social: −1.4, 95% CI −8.2 to 5.4; environmental: −0.8, 95% CI −4.0 to 2.5), mental health status (−1.6, 95% CI −5.3 to 2.1) or secondary outcomes. Both groups improved on primary outcomes, IPV, anxiety.ConclusionsIntervention was no more effective than usual care in improving 2-year quality of life, mental and physical health and IPV, despite differences in depression at 12 months. Future refinement and testing of type, duration and intensity of primary care IPV interventions is needed.Trial registration numberACTRN12608000032358.
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Repina, Lorina P., and Anastasia K. Shabunina. "TRANSDISCIPLINARITY IN THE STUDY OF SOCIOCULTURAL PRACTICES OF EVERYDAY LIFE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PHENOMENON OF FAMINE IN VICTORIAN ENGLAND)." Ural Historical Journal 76, no. 3 (2022): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2022-3(76)-34-44.
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The study of the role of sociocultural practices in the everyday life of society involves the synthesis of methodological approaches in order to create a transdisciplinary research model. Analysis of various aspects of private life in the context of studying socio-cultural practices requires an analysis of the value categories of the society under study, taking account of worldview interpretations of phenomena by contemporaries, cultural attraction, individual self-identification and psychological perception of ongoing processes. The phenomenon of the Victorian famine is not meant to be studied only as a strictly biological phenomenon. The article interprets hunger as a sociocultural phenomenon, considers the associated fear of social stigmatization. The famine in the early Victorian period acts as a factor in the conceptual context of ongoing social phenomena, influencing the reception of cultural ties within society. The categories of “food”, “hunger” and “starvation death” were everyday companions of the public discourse of the era, reflecting the crisis state of Victorian society. Not only was the famine a factor that increased the potential for conflict, as it was perceived in the middle of the century, but by the end of the 19th century it began to be recognized by the authorities as a consequence of social contradictions and acted as an argument for the introduction and continuation of legislatively supported forms of social compromise. Having reworked the inhumane concept of getting rid of “social surpluses” of the period of popularity of Malthusian philosophy in the Middle Victorian period, the Victorians change the topology of the “hunger” concept in the system of structural and semantic models of social dialogue. The sociocultural phenomenon of famine is transformed in the communicative space of the Victorian era from a marker of condemned poverty into a social problem that unites various social groups.
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Hughes, Martin J., G. Neil Phillips, and Stephen P. Carey. "Giant Placers of the Victorian Gold Province." SEG Discovery, no. 56 (January 1, 2004): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/segnews.2004-56.fea.
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ABSTRACT The Victorian gold province has yielded 2500 tonnes (t) Au, nearly 2 percent of cumulative world gold production, mostly mined between 1851 and 1910. Fifty-five percent (1375 t) was placer gold from modern and paleostream systems, and from eluvial deposits, and the remainder came from primary quartz vein-related deposits. Most of the alluvial gold placers are in unconsolidated or weakly cemented quartz pebble conglomerate and gravel, dominated by hydrothermal quartz, although a few paleoplacers are within duricrusted conglomerate that required crushing. Large and abundant gold nuggets were common. Placer gold deposits formed in three intervals following uplift in the Late Cretaceous, Late Eocene, and Pliocene. An important factor in the preservation of the paleoplacers has been their burial by younger sediments and basalt flows, with consequent protection from erosion and dispersal. Factors in the formation of the giant gold placers of Victoria include the following: (1) the existence of a major primary gold province with several multimillion-ounce gold deposits; (2) uplift and reactivation of older faults; and (3) high rainfall and deep Paleogene weathering.
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O’Neill, Deirdre, Valarie Sands, and Graeme Hodge. "P3s and Social Infrastructure: Three Decades of Prison Reform in Victoria, Australia." Public Works Management & Policy 25, no. 3 (January 15, 2020): 214–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x19899103.
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Once regarded as core public sector business, Australia’s prisons were reformed during the 1990s and Australia now has the highest proportion of prisoners in privately managed prisons in the world. How could this have happened? This article presents a case study of the State of Victoria and explains how public–private partnerships (P3s) were used to create a mixed public–private prison system. Despite the difficulty of determining clear and rigorous evaluation results, we argue that lessons from the Victorian experience are possible. First, neither the extreme fears of policy critics nor the grandiose policy and technical promises of reformers were fully met. Second, short-term success was achieved in political and policy terms by the delivery of badly needed new prisons. Third, the exact degree to which the state has achieved cheaper, better, and more accountable prison services remains contested. As a consequence, there is a need to continue experimentation but with greater transparency.
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Polonsky, Michael, Kate Francis, and Andre Renzaho. "Is removing blood donation barriers a donation facilitator?" Journal of Social Marketing 5, no. 3 (July 13, 2015): 190–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-08-2014-0054.
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Purpose – The aim of this study was to assess whether the removal of blood donation “barriers” facilitates blood donation intentions, using a sample of African migrants, and to identify the implications for social marketing. African migrants are currently under-represented as blood donors in Australia. Some members of the African community have unique donation needs that can only be served by this community. Design/methodology/approach – Interviews were conducted with 425 people from the African community in Victoria and South Australia. Factor analysis was performed on the barriers and the removal of barriers. Item groupings for both constructs differed, suggesting that barriers and their removal are not necessarily opposite constructs. Findings – The cultural society factor was negatively associated with blood donation intention (i.e. a barrier), whereas engagement and overcoming fear were positively associated with blood donation intention (i.e. facilitators). Cultural issues and lack of understanding were not seen to impede blood donation. Additionally, the removal of cultural barriers did not facilitate increases in blood donation intentions. Thus, the removal of barriers may not be sufficient on their own to encourage donation. Research limitations/implications – This only examines the issue with regards to whether the removal of barriers is a facilitator of blood donation with one group of migrants, and relationships may vary across other migrant and non-migrant groups. Practical implications – Policymakers often use social marketing interventions to overcome barriers as a way of facilitating blood donation. This research suggests that removing barriers is indeed important because these barriers impede people considering becoming blood donors. However, the findings also suggest that the removal of barriers is insufficient on its own to motivate blood donations (i.e. the removal of barriers is a hygiene factor). If this is the case, social marketing campaigns need to be multifaceted, removing barriers as well as leveraging facilitators, simultaneously. Social implications – This work identified that the impact of barriers and their removal may facilitate effective social marketing campaigns in differing ways, in the context of blood donation. Originality/value – How barriers and their removal impact social marketing activities (i.e. blood donation behaviour) has generally not been explored in research.
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Garrido-Cumbrera, M., H. Marzo-Ortega, L. Christen, L. Carmona, J. Correa-Fernández, S. Sanz-Gómez, P. Plazuelo-Ramos, et al. "AB0676 FEARS AND HOPES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASES. RESULTS FROM THE REUMAVID STUDY (PHASE 1)." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1370–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2405.
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Background:The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic led to a rapidly evolving global crisis characterized by major uncertainty.Objectives:The objective is to assess COVID-19-related fears and hopes in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) during the first wave of the pandemic.Methods:REUMAVID is an international collaboration led by the Health & Territory Research group at the University of Seville, together with a multidisciplinary team including patient organisations and rheumatologists. This cross-sectional study consisting of an online survey gathering data from 1,800 patients with a diagnosis of 15 RMDs recruited by patient organisations in Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain and, the United Kingdom. Data are collected in two phases, the first phase between April and July 2020, the second in 2021. Participants rated a series of fears (infection, medication consequences, lack of medication, impact on healthcare, job loss, civil disorder) on a Likert scale from zero (“no concern at all”) to five (“extremely concerned”) and their hopes (treatment/vaccine availability, going outside, travel, economic situation, treatment continuation, health status) on a Likert scale from zero (“not hopeful at all”) to five (“extremely hopeful”). The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyse the different fears and hopes according to socio-demographics characteristics, disease and health status.Results:1,800 patients participated in the first phase of REUMAVID. The most frequent RMDs group was inflammatory arthritis (75.4%), the mean age was 52.6 years and 80.1% were female. The most important fear for patients was the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare (3.1 out of 5), particularly for those younger in age (3.0 vs 3.2, p=0.004), female gender (3.2 vs 2. 9 of men, p=0.003), experiencing greater pain (3.1 vs 2.8, p=0.007), with higher risk of anxiety (3.3 vs 2.9 of without anxiety, p<0.001) and depression (3.3 vs 2.9 without depression, p<0.001). The possible impact of anti-rheumatic medication and the development of severe disease if they became infected with COVID-19,was mostly feared (2.8 out of 5), by those receiving biological therapy (3.1 vs 2.5 not biological therapy, p<0.001) or those with underlying anxiety (2.9 vs 2.6 without anxiety, p=0.007). The risk of contracting COVID-19 due to their condition (2.8 out of 5), was especially feared by those with vasculitis (3.2 out of 5), who were female (2.9 vs 2.5, p<0.001), using biologics (2. 9 vs 2.7 of no use, p=0.003), in greater pain (2.8 vs 2.4, p<0.001), with a risk of anxiety (3.0 vs 2.6 without anxiety, p=0.004), and risk of depression (3.0 vs 2.6 without depression, p<0.001). The major hopes were to be able to continue with their treatment as usual (3.7 out of 5), particularly for those taking biologics (3.8 vs 3.6 not taking, p=0.026), those with a better well-being (3.8 vs 3.6 with worse well-being, p=0.021), without anxiety (3.8 vs 3.6 at risk, p=0.004) and without depression (3.8 vs 3.6 at risk, p=0.007). Hoping not to become infected with COVID-19 and to maintain the same health status, were especially those who were older (3.6 vs 3.4 p=0.018) without anxiety (3.4 vs 3.6 at risk, p=0.005), and without depression (3.6 vs 3.4 at risk, p=0.006). Another important hope was the availability of a treatment or vaccine for COVID-19, which was important for patients experiencing better well-being (3.3 vs 3.0 with worse well-being, p<0.001; Figure 1).Conclusion:The outstanding COVID-19-related fear expressed by European patients with RMDs was its impact on healthcare, while the greatest hope was to be able to continue treatment. Younger patients reported more fears while older patients were more hopeful. Those receiving biologics had greater fears and hopes associated with their treatment. In addition, patients at risk of mental disorders presented greater fears and less hopes.Figure 1.Fears and Hopes of REUMAVID participantsAcknowledgements:This study was supported by Novartis Pharma AG. We would like to thank all patients that completed the survey as well as all of the patient organisations that participated in the REUMAVID study including: the Cyprus League Against Rheumatism (CYPLAR) from Cyprus, the Association Française de Lutte Anti-Rhumatismale (AFLAR) from France, the Hellenic League Against Rheumatism (ELEANA) from Greece, the Associazione Nazionale Persone con Malattie Reumatologiche e Rare (APMARR) from Italy, the Portuguese League Against Rheumatic Diseases (LPCDR), from Portugal, the Spanish Federation of Spondyloarthritis Associations (CEADE), the Spanish Patients’ Forum (FEP), UNiMiD, Spanish Rheumatology League (LIRE), Andalusian Rheumatology League (LIRA), Catalonia Rheumatology League and Galician Rheumatology League from Spain, and the National Axial Spondyloarthritis Society (NASS), National Rheumatoid Arthritis (NRAS) and Arthritis Action from the United Kingdom.Disclosure of Interests:Marco Garrido-Cumbrera: None declared, Helena Marzo-Ortega Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Biogen, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Takeda and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB, Grant/research support from: Janssen and Novartis, Laura Christen Employee of: Novartis Pharma AG, Loreto Carmona: None declared, José Correa-Fernández: None declared, Sergio Sanz-Gómez: None declared, Pedro Plazuelo-Ramos: None declared, Dale Webb Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Biogen, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis and UCB., Clare Jacklin Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Amgen, Biogen, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi & UCB, Shantel Irwin: None declared, LAURENT GRANGE: None declared, Souzi Makri Grant/research support from: Novartis, GSK and Bayer., Elsa Mateus Grant/research support from: Lilly Portugal, Sanofi, AbbVie, Novartis, Grünenthal S.A., MSD, Celgene, Medac, Janssen-Cilag, Pharmakern, GAfPA., Serena Mingolla: None declared, KATY ANTONOPOULOU: None declared, Victoria Navarro-Compán Grant/research support from: Abbvie, BMS, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB
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Krebs, Paula M. "Folklore, Fear, and the Feminine: Ghosts and Old Wives' Tales in Wuthering Heights." Victorian Literature and Culture 26, no. 1 (1998): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150300002266.
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Wuthering heights is haunted, of course. But not only by the ghost of Catherine, who harries Heathcliff and terrifies Lockwood. Not only by the shades of Heathcliff and Catherine (or Laurence Olivier and Merle Oberon) who set off toward Penistone Crag. The ghosts in Wuthering Heights are not Gothic ghosts nor the ghosts from Victorian magazine ghost stories. They represent a different kind of haunting altogether — the haunting of the Victorian middle classes by fear of the people they designated as “the folk.”
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Sabah Abid Al Ibrahim, Haneen Sabah Abid Al Ibrahim. "The Victorian Society’s Fear of the New Woman in Bram." Journal of the College of languages, no. 39 (January 2, 2019): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2019.0.39.0165.
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Owoko, Stephen Owende, Eddy Okoth Odari, and Daniel Mokaya. "Determinants of Contraceptives Uptake among Adolescents’ Girls Aged 14-19 Years in Homa Bay County." East African Journal of Health and Science 4, no. 1 (October 14, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajhs.4.1.436.
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Introduction. Adolescents are individuals aged between 10-19 years. This phase is characterised by rapid growth, sexual maturation, and sexual exploration. These behaviours expose sexually active adolescent girls to a greater risk of unintended pregnancies, unsafe abortion, and sexually transmitted infections. This study aimed to assess the determinants of contraceptives uptake among adolescent girls in Homa Bay County in Kenya with specific objectives assessing the level of awareness, uptake as well as evaluating the factors affecting the sexual & reproductive health service provision to adolescent girls in the region. Result: A cross-sectional survey was done targeting 385 girls and 32 health facilities. The response rate was 100%, with the level of knowledge on contraceptives at 97.6%. The main sources of knowledge on contraceptives were from teachers in schools (30%), peers (17.2%) and media. 70% of the respondents were in a heterosexual relationship of which 58.6% preferred male condom use as their contraceptive method of choice, while the use of pills was the least at 0.6%. The majority (57.9%) of the girls did not practice safer sex exposing them to a higher risk of Sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies. Discussions: The level of contraceptive uptake significantly varied from one sub-county to the other (p < 0.005), with the sub-counties in the Islands of Lake Victoria such as Suba sub-counties having up to 80% lesser chance of their girls using any form of contraceptives (OR = 0.2; CI: 0.2–0.8). Major barriers were the fear of side effects (51.8%) and self-stigmatisation (13.4 %). Health facilities were the main source of contraceptives (77.1%); however, the study noted a lack of youth-friendly services that would favour increased access. Further, there was a complete lack of knowledge on adolescent sexual and reproductive health policies and procedures among the girls (39.6%). Conclusion: Misinformation, cultural perception on the use of contraceptives among adolescents, and lack of youth-friendly services in health facilities are key drivers to the underutilisation of contraceptives by adolescent girls in Homabay county. Adolescents from the island stand a higher risk of non-utilisation of contraceptives compared to their mainland counterparts. Recommendations: There is a need for strengthened youth-friendly comprehensive sexual health education and services in all health facilities with more emphasis on risk reduction interventions and sensitisation of young girls on the available policies. Mechanisms should be availed, specifically to reach the “hard to reach” adolescent populations in the islands.
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Burch, Victoria. "Pack up your worries." Early Years Educator 22, no. 10 (May 2, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2021.22.10.7.
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Addressing childhood fears and stresses is currently a priority for schools and early years settings. Victoria Burch gives her view on how resources developed by Act International, a charity dealing with childhood trauma, can help.
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Pels, Peter. "The modern fear of matter: reflections on the protestantism of victorian science." Material Religion 4, no. 3 (November 2008): 264–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/175183408x376656.
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Hingston, Kylee-Anne. "“SKINS TO JUMP INTO”: THE SLIPPERINESS OF IDENTITY AND THE BODY IN WILKIE COLLINS'S NO NAME." Victorian Literature and Culture 40, no. 1 (March 2012): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150311000271.
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Victorian sensation literature was inextricably related to identity and the body: its primary purposes were to elicit a physical response from the senses of readers and to question “the social formation of the self” (Taylor, The Secret 2). Sensation fiction regularly relied on different, deformed, or diseased bodies to provoke fear or unease in its readers, and it created anxiety by juxtaposing the domestic with scandal, crime, and Gothicism to disturb the perceived stability of the home and social identity. Lyn Pykett argues that the genre reproduces the “real mid-nineteenth-century anxiety” that domestic selfhood “could be disrupted by danger, death or disease on the one hand, and the vagaries of the law, the banking system or the stockmarket on the other” (“Collins” 59). Nineteenth-century critics’ reactions to sensation novels connected anxieties about the body to fears about the instability of social identity: contemporary reviews described sensation literature and its works as “feverish” (Smith 141), “a collective cultural nervous disorder” (Taylor, The Secret 4), and as “symptoms of . . . social disease” (Pykett, “Collins” 51). In his 1880–81 series of essays, “Fiction Fair and Foul,” John Ruskin argues that the “[p]hysically diseased, ‘deformed,’ and ignobly dead bodies [in Collins's and Dickens's novels] are symptomatic of diseased and deformed genres, produced by morally and physically ill writers to cater to the tastes of morally and physically diseased urban readers” (Holmes, Fictions 92). These extreme critical responses, as well as the extreme popularity of sensation fiction, call attention to Victorian preoccupation with the body and social identity and with the instability of both. This paper, through analyzing the instability of bodies and identities in Wilkie Collins's sensation novel No Name (1862) and its serial context, challenges readings by both Victorian and more recent critics that distinctly interpret diseased and disabled bodies in the novel as either symbolic of or a result of social deviance.
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PHILLIPS, G. NEIL, and MARTIN J. HUGHES. "Victorian Gold: A Sleeping Giant." SEG Discovery, no. 21 (April 1, 1995): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/segnews.1995-21.fea.
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Stojov, Mirjana, and Vesna Anđelić-Nikolendžić. "Treading in fear: The struggle for women's rights: E. M. Forster's heroine Caroline abbot in pursuit of freedom." Reci Beograd 14, no. 15 (2022): 110–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/reci2215110s.
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Gender issues have been a topic in written literature since ancient times. In the past, writers and philosophers questioned and often denigrated the role of women in society. Christianity brought to literature a model of two opposite women figures, a bad girl disrespected by respectable members of community, versus a good girl who represented all Christian virtues. In the Victorian and post Victorian era, women's emancipation became a major societal issue. In the early twentieth century, literature by and about women intensified. In the modern feminist era, particularly after women earned the right to vote and gained greater access to education and workplace, literature started concentrating on women's changing roles and continued obstacles to equality. As a writer who was extremely susceptible to the influence of time, E. M. Forster described his characters in close contact with their surroundings. He criticized the position and role of women in a Victorian middle class family. He depicted his heroines in constant struggle between their desires and suitable and appropriate behaviour expected by their family members and friends. The choice his female characters are faced with is whether they can bring themselves to break deep-rooted social conventions in order to attain personal happiness as free-thinking women or whether they should stick to the society's expectations. The paper concentrates on the main female protagonist of Foster's novel Where Angels Fear to Tread, analysing the transformation the character undergoes in her pursuit of personal freedom and fulfilment.
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Pascoe, Carla. "Be Home By Dark: Childhood Freedoms and Adult Fears in 1950s Victoria." Australian Historical Studies 40, no. 2 (June 2009): 215–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10314610902865696.
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Moore, Tara. "STARVATION IN VICTORIAN CHRISTMAS FICTION." Victorian Literature and Culture 36, no. 2 (September 2008): 489–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150308080303.
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It may seem that Christmas literature, with its glorified descriptions of overflowing tables and conviviality, has no place in a discussion of that other extreme, starvation. However, much of the nineteenth-century literature containing narratives of Christmas speaks directly to national fears of famine. Starvation entered the print matter of Christmas first as part of a social argument and later as a concern for the abiding national identity that had become intertwined with Christmas itself and, more symbolically, Christmas fare. Writers including Charles Dickens, Benjamin Farjeon, Augustus and Henry Mayhew, the creators of Punch, and Mary Elizabeth Braddon authored Christmas pieces that showcase literary reactions to the developing issues of hunger throughout their century. This essay offers an overview of the treatment of starvation in the Christmas literature of the nineteenth century.
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Caleb, Amanda Mordavsky. "Marlene Tromp, Maria K. Bachman, and Heidi Kaufman (eds), Fear, Loathing, and Victorian Xenophobia." Victoriographies 6, no. 1 (March 2016): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/vic.2016.0218.
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Woods, Abigail. "‘Flames and fear on the farms’: controlling foot and mouth disease in Britain, 1892–2001*." Historical Research 77, no. 198 (October 28, 2004): 520–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2281.2004.00221.x.
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Abstract For over a century, the British government has pursued a policy of national freedom from foot and mouth disease (F.M.D.), a highly contagious disease of cloven-footed animals. One of the cornerstones of this policy was the slaughter of infected animals. However, on several occasions – most notably in 2001 – slaughter struggled to contain F.M.D., and provoked widespread criticism and calls for policy change. Drawing upon a range of previously unexamined sources, this article examines the history of F.M.D. in Britain, in an attempt to explain the twenty-first-century persistence of a Victorian disease control policy.
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WALLACE, BRIAN. "NANA SAHIB IN BRITISH CULTURE AND MEMORY." Historical Journal 58, no. 2 (May 11, 2015): 589–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x14000430.
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AbstractThe Indian Rebellion leader Nana Sahib became Victorian Britain's most hated foreign enemy for his part in the 1857 Cawnpore massacres, in which British men, women, and children were killed after having been promised safe passage away from their besieged garrison. Facts were mixed with lurid fiction in reports which drew on villainous oriental stereotypes to depict Nana. The public appetite for vengeance was thwarted, however, by his escape to Nepal and subsequent reports of his death. These reports were widely disbelieved, and fears persisted for decades that Nana was plotting a new rebellion in the mountains. He came to be seen as both a literal and symbolic threat; the arrest of suspects across the years periodically revived the memories and the atavistic fury of the Mutiny, while his example as the Victorians' archetypal barbaric native ruler shaped broader colonial attitudes. At the same time, he influenced metropolitan perceptions of empire through the popular Mutiny fictions in which he was a larger-than-life villain. Tracing Nana's changing presence in the British collective memory over generations illustrates the tensions between metropolitan and colonial ideas of empire, and suggests the degree to which an iconic enemy figure could shape perceptions of other races.
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Lesjak, Carolyn. "The Stakes of Victorian Political Criticism Today." Victorian Literature and Culture 47, no. 1 (December 7, 2018): 217–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150318001468.
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As Mrs. Herriton contemplates the fate and future of her wayward daughter-in-law, Lilia's baby born to the Italian Gino Carella in E. M. Forster'sWhere Angels Fear to Tread, she surmises reluctantly, “Let us admit frankly … that after all we may have responsibilities.” Without limiting ourselves to Forster's responses to and articulations of these “responsibilities,” the notion nonetheless of having such responsibilities usefully encapsulates some of the central issues at the heart of political criticism both in Forster's time and in our own. Who is the “we” with responsibilities and for whom or what is that “we” responsible? What exactly are these responsibilities? How local or global are they? How do they bring together the ethical and the political, the moral and the legal, duty and obligation, redress and hope for the future? How do the past, present, and future come together within this matrix of responsibilities? What kinds of political stances, posturings, or attitudes are in play? And what is the desired outcome or aim of political criticism? “We may have responsibilities”: in Forster, an equivocal or subjunctive “may” coupled with a frank admission and an expansive claim to amorphous “responsibilities” not only captures how open-ended and contradictory such assertions can be but also how tenuous their very ground always is. After all, Mrs. Herriton's sense of responsibility is highly disingenuous, the baby a pawn in her own power games.
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Franchetti, Laura. "Frederic Leighton's Flaming June, Thermodynamics, and the Heat Death of the Sun." Victoriographies 11, no. 2 (July 2021): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/vic.2021.0418.
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At the close of the nineteenth century, amid pervasive fears of decadence and widespread pessimism, Frederic Leighton (1830–96) completed Flaming June (1895). Taking as its starting point Victorian responses to the work that seem incomprehensible to viewers today, this paper examines the possible meaning behind Flaming June's more impenetrable iconography. The following discussion highlights the significance of thermodynamics in the work's cultural context. It examines the impact of an implication of the second law of thermodynamics, known as the Sun's heat death – a fated apocalyptic event – and suggests that this resonated with late Victorian audiences plagued by concerns of degeneration and decadence. Considered within this context, this paper reveals further layers of meaning embedded within the imagery of Flaming June available to a Victorian audience, but which have since been eclipsed by a dominant focus on other aspects of the painting's cultural milieu.
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Águila, Cornelio, and Lisardo Padilla-Cazorla. "La presión parental durante la infancia en deportistas profesionales: el caso de Andre Agassi (Parental pressure experienced in childhood by professional athletes: the case of Andre Agassi)." Retos 46 (September 14, 2022): 1105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.94745.
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La presión por la búsqueda del rendimiento óptimo en el deporte está presente desde edades tempranas. Algunas veces dicha presión procede de la familia, particularmente, de los progenitores, y condiciona la experiencia del joven deportista, pudiendo convertirse en una vivencia negativa. El objetivo de esta investigación fue mostrar cómo influyó la presión proveniente de su padre en la experiencia deportiva del ex-tenista profesional Andre Agassi durante su infancia. Para ello, seguimos el método biográfico analizando la autobiografía publicada de Agassi, “Open. Memorias”. Después de una primera fase exploratoria del libro completo nos centramos en la presión parental, de cuyo análisis obtuvimos las siguientes categorías: pasión de su padre por el tenis, estrategias de presión parental, pensamiento de abandonar el tenis, ausencia de alternativas al tenis, victoria como forma para complacer las expectativas de su padre, ansiedad ante la derrota, miedo al rechazo paterno, identidad y discrepancia. Los resultados son discutidos a la luz de diferentes investigaciones y reflexiones teóricas sobre la presión parental en el deporte. Concluimos que la presión parental puede ser un arma de doble filo pues, por un lado, puede favorecer la motivación del individuo o, por el contrario, crear situaciones de angustia y ansiedad que pueden culminar con el abandono deportivo, o en importantes crisis de identidad. Finalmente, resaltamos la importancia de analizar en el seno de la educación física escolar el fenómeno deportivo de una manera crítica, señalando las autobiografías publicadas de deportistas profesionales como un óptimo recurso tanto pedagógico como de investigación. Palabras clave: presión deportiva; infancia; alto rendimiento; celebridad; autobiografía. Abstract: The pressure to seek optimal performance in sport is present from an early age. Sometimes this pressure comes from the family, particularly from the parents, and conditions the experience of the young athlete, which can become a negative experience. The aim of this research was to show how pressure from his father influenced the sporting experience of professional tennis player Andre Agassi during his childhood. To do this, we follow the biographical method by analyzing Agassi's published autobiography, “Open, an autobiography ". After a first exploratory phase of the complete book we focused on parental pressure, from whose analysis we obtained the following categories: his father's passion for tennis, parental pressure strategies, thoughts of giving up tennis, lack of alternatives to tennis, victory as a way to meet his father's expectations, anxiety in the face of defeat, fear to parental rejection, identity and discrepancy. The results are discussed in the light of different investigations and theoretical reflections on parental pressure in sport. We conclude that parental pressure can be a double-edged sword since, on the one hand, it can favor the motivation of the individual or, on the contrary, create situations of anguish and anxiety that can culminate in sports abandonment, or in important identity crises. Finally, we highlight the importance of analyzing the sporting phenomenon in a critical way within school physical education, pointing to the published autobiographies of professional athletes as an excellent pedagogical and research resource. Keywords: sports pressure; chilhood; high performance; celebrity; autobiography.