Journal articles: 'Fear of the dark (FD)'

1

Terlinden, M. "Fear, dark." British Homoeopathic journal 85, no. 2 (April 1996): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-0785(96)80197-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Newey, Adam. "Fear of the Dark." Index on Censorship 23, no. 3 (March 1994): 162–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030642209402300338.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Lash, Nicholas. "Fear of the Dark." Modern Theology 16, no. 2 (April 2000): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0025.00122.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Newey, Adam. "Fear of the dark." Index on Censorship 23, no. 3 (March 1994): 162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064229408535717.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

McGregor, B. A., and K. L. Butler. "Sources of variation in fibre diameter attributes of Australian alpacas and implications for fleece evaluation and animal selection." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 4 (2004): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03073.

Full text

Abstract:

Sources of variation in fibre diameter attributes of Australian alpacas and implications for fleece evaluation and animal selection were investigated using data collected in the years 1994–97, from 6 properties in southern Australia. Data were analysed using REML (multiple regression analysis) to determine the effect on mean fibre diameter (MFD) and coefficient of variation of MFD (CV(FD)) of age, origin (property), sex (entire male, female), breed (Huacaya, Suri), liveweight, fibre colour, individual, and interactions of these effects. The mean (n = 100) age (range) was 4.2 years (0.1–11.9), liveweight 72.0 kg (12.0–134 kg), MFD 29.1 μm (17.7–46.6 μm), CV(FD) 24.33% (15.0–36.7%). A number of variables affected MFD and CV(FD). MFD increased to 7.5 years of age, and correlations between MFD at 1.5 and 2 years of age with the MFD at older ages were much higher than correlations at younger ages. Fibre diameter 'blowout' (increase with age) was positively correlated with the actual MFD at ages 2 years and older. There were important effects of farm, and these effects differed with year and shearing age. Suris were coarser than Huacayas with the effect reducing with increased liveweight; there was no effect of sex. Fleeces of light shade were 1 μm finer than dark fleeces. CV(FD) declined rapidly between birth and 2 years of age, reaching a minimum at about 4 years of age and then increasing; however, CV(FD) measurements on young animals were very poor predictors of CV(FD) at older ages, and the response of CV(FD) to age differed with farm and year. Suris had a higher CV(FD) than Huacayas on most properties, and MFD, liveweight, and sex did not affect CV(FD). Fleeces of dark shade had higher CV(FD) than fleeces of light shade in 2 of the years. It is concluded that there are large opportunities to improve the MFD and CV(FD) of alpaca fibre through selection and breeding. The potential benefit is greatest from reducing the MFD and CV(FD) of fibre from older alpacas, through reducing the between-animal variation in MFD and CV(FD). Sampling alpacas at ages <2 years is likely to substantially decrease selection efficiency for lifetime fibre diameter attributes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

James, Mick. "Outsourcing — security outgrows fear of the dark." Infosecurity Today 3, no. 6 (November 2006): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1742-6847(06)70482-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Xu, Ye. "Direct measurement of upward-going ultrahigh energy dark matter at the Pierre Auger Observatory." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 73, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psab004.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract It is assumed that two types of dark matter particles exist: superheavy dark matter particles (SHDM), the mass of which ∼ inflaton mass, and light fermion dark matter (DM) particles, which are the ultrahigh energy (UHE) products of the decay of SHDM. The Earth will be taken as a detector to search for the UHE DM particles directly. These upward-going particles, which pass through the Earth and air and interact with nuclei, can be detected by the fluorescence detectors (FD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory (Auger), via fluorescent photons due to the development of an extensive air shower. The numbers and fluxes of expected UHE DM particles are evaluated in the incoming energy range between 1 EeV and 1 ZeV with the different lifetimes of decay of SHDM and mass of Z′. According to the Auger data from 2008 to 2019, the upper limit for UHE DM fluxes is also estimated at 90% confidence limit with the FD of Auger. Finally, it is reasonable to make a conclusion that UHE DM particles could be directly detected in the energy range between O(1 EeV) and O(10 EeV) with the FD of Auger. This might prove whether SHDM particles exist in the Universe.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Rigi, Mohammed, Nicholas P. Bell, David A. Lee, Laura A. Baker, Alice Z. Chuang, Donna Nguyen, Vandana R. Minnal, Robert M. Feldman, and Lauren S. Blieden. "Agreement between Gonioscopic Examination and Swept Source Fourier Domain Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging." Journal of Ophthalmology 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1727039.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose. To evaluate interobserver, intervisit, and interinstrument agreements for gonioscopy and Fourier domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (FD ASOCT) for classifying open and narrow angle eyes. Methods. Eighty-six eyes with open or narrow anterior chamber angles were included. The superior angle was classified open or narrow by 2 of 5 glaucoma specialists using gonioscopy and imaged by FD ASOCT in the dark. The superior angle of each FD ASOCT image was graded as open or narrow by 2 masked readers. The same procedures were repeated within 6 months. Kappas for interobserver and intervisit agreements for each instrument and interinstrument agreements were calculated. Results. The mean age was 50.9 (±18.4) years. Interobserver agreements were moderate to good for both gonioscopy (0.57 and 0.69) and FD ASOCT (0.58 and 0.75). Intervisit agreements were moderate to excellent for both gonioscopy (0.53 to 0.86) and FD ASOCT (0.57 and 0.85). Interinstrument agreements were fair to good (0.34 to 0.63), with FD ASOCT classifying more angles as narrow than gonioscopy. Conclusions. Both gonioscopy and FD ASOCT examiners were internally consistent with similar interobserver and intervisit agreements for angle classification. Agreement between instruments was fair to good, with FD ASOCT classifying more angles as narrow than gonioscopy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

İleri, Nurçin. "Allure of the Light, Fear of the Dark." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 37, no. 2 (2017): 280–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-4132905.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Johnson, Eric. "A Phenomenological Investigation of Fear of the Dark." Journal of Phenomenological Psychology 19, no. 2 (1988): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156916288x00040.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Haller, Kenneth. "Love, Fear, and a Leap into the Dark." Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 6, no. 3 (2016): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nib.2016.0057.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Oh, Minseok, Sergey Velichko, Scott Johnson, Michael Guidash, Hung-Chih Chang, Daniel Tekleab, Bob Gravelle, et al. "Automotive 3.0 µm Pixel High Dynamic Range Sensor with LED Flicker Mitigation." Sensors 20, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 1390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051390.

Full text

Abstract:

We present and discuss parameters of a high dynamic range (HDR) image sensor with LED flicker mitigation (LFM) operating in automotive temperature range. The total SNR (SNR including dark fixed pattern noise), of the sensor is degraded by floating diffusion (FD) dark current (DC) and dark signal non-uniformity (DSNU). We present results of FD DC and DSNU reduction, to provide required SNR versus signal level at temperatures up to 120 °C. Additionally we discuss temperature dependencies of quantum efficiency (QE), sensitivity, color effects, and other pixel parameters for backside illuminated image sensors. Comparing +120 °C junction vs. room temperature, in visual range we measured a few relative percent increase, while in 940 nm band range we measured 1.46x increase in sensitivity. Measured change of sensitivity for visual bands—such as blue, green, and red colors—reflected some impact to captured image color accuracy that created slight image color tint at high temperature. The tint is, however, hard to detect visually and may be removed by auto white balancing and temperature adjusted color correction matrixes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Stack, Nora, David Barker, Mary Carskadon, and Cecilia Diniz Behn. "A Model-Based Approach to Optimizing Ultradian Forced Desynchrony Protocols for Human Circadian Research." Journal of Biological Rhythms 32, no. 5 (September 27, 2017): 485–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730417730488.

Full text

Abstract:

The human circadian system regulates internal 24-h rhythmicity and plays an important role in many aspects of human health and behavior. To investigate properties of the human circadian pacemaker such as intrinsic period and light sensitivity, experimental researchers have developed forced desynchrony (FD) protocols in which manipulations of the light-dark (LD) cycle are used to desynchronize the intrinsic circadian rhythm from the rest-activity cycle. FD protocols have typically been based on exposure to long LD cycles, but recently, ultradian FD protocols with short LD cycles have been proposed as a new methodology for assessing intrinsic circadian period. However, the effects of ultradian FD protocol design, including light intensity or study duration, on estimates of intrinsic circadian period have not, to our knowledge, been systematically studied. To address this gap, we applied a light-sensitive, dynamic mathematical model of the human circadian pacemaker to simulate ultradian FD protocols and analyze the effects of protocol design on estimates of intrinsic circadian period. We found that optimal estimates were obtained using protocols with low light intensities, at least 10 d of exposure to ultradian cycling, and a 7-h LD cycle duration that facilitated uniform light exposure across all circadian phases. Our results establish a theoretical framework for ultradian FD protocols that can be used to provide insights into data obtained under existing protocols and to optimize protocols for future experiments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Philpott, Simon. "Fear of the Dark: Indonesia and the Australian National Imagination." Australian Journal of International Affairs 55, no. 3 (November 2001): 371–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357710120095225.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Mikulas, William L., Mary G. Coffman, Debra Dayton, Cynthia Frayne, and Patricia L. Maier. "Behavioral Bibliotherapy and Games for Treating Fear of the Dark." Child & Family Behavior Therapy 7, no. 3 (February 24, 1986): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j019v07n03_01.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Ruocco, Sylvia, Nerelie C. Freeman, and Louise A. McLean. "Development of a Pictorial Semi-Structured Child Anxiety and Coping Interview (CACI): Preliminary Analysis with School Children aged 5–7 years." Children Australia 43, no. 4 (October 22, 2018): 276–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2018.40.

Full text

Abstract:

This school-based study reports on the development and preliminary analysis of the new pictorial semi-structured Child Anxiety and Coping Interview (CACI). Participants included 195 children (Mage = 6.71; SDage = .76) drawn from 29 primary schools located in Western Sydney, Australia. The study used a mixed qualitative and quantitative design. The CACI was used to elicit the children's self-report on their problems, emotions, coping strategies, and coping self-efficacy. Qualitative content and thematic analysis were used to code the children's nominated coping strategies for their problems in the home and school contexts. The top five most common problems reported were as follows: fear of spiders or insects, fear of the dark, going places without parents, doing badly at school, and heights. The top five most common coping strategies reported by the children were support seeking, behavioural avoidance, solving the problem, facing the challenge, and behavioural distraction. Self-reported negative emotional intensity was highest for fear of the dark. Coping self-efficacy for fear of the dark was also high, suggesting the children found their coping strategies helpful, including those that were maladaptive. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

van Seben, Rosanne, Kenneth E. Covinsky, Lucienne A. Reichardt, Jesse J. Aarden, Marike van der Schaaf, Martin van der Esch, Raoul H. H. Engelbert, Jos W. R. Twisk, Jos A. Bosch, and Bianca M. Buurman. "Insight Into the Posthospital Syndrome: A 3-Month Longitudinal Follow up on Geriatric Syndromes and Their Association With Functional Decline, Readmission, and Mortality." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 75, no. 7 (February 19, 2020): 1403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa039.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background Acute hospitalization may lead to posthospital syndrome, but no studies have investigated how this syndrome manifests and geriatric syndromes are often used as synonym. However, studies on longitudinal associations between syndromes and adverse outcomes are scarce. We aimed to analyze longitudinal associations between geriatric syndromes and functional decline (FD), readmission, and mortality. Methods Prospective cohort study, including 401 acutely hospitalized patients (aged ≥ 70). We performed: (i) logistic regression analyses to assess associations between patterns of geriatric syndromes as they develop over time (between admission and 1 month postdischarge), and FD and readmission; (ii) generalized estimating equations to assess longitudinal associations between geriatric syndromes over five time points (admission, discharge, 1, 2, and 3 months postdischarge) and FD, mortality, and readmission at 3 months postdischarge. Results After syndrome absent, syndrome present at both admission and 1 month postdischarge was most prevalent. Persistent patterns of apathy (odds ratio [OR] = 4.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.54–12.30), pain (OR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.21–8.8), malnutrition (OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.35–8.56), mobility impairment (OR = 6.65, 95% CI = 1.98–22.38), and fear of falling (OR = 3.17, 95% CI = 1.25–8.02) were associated with FD. Developing cognitive impairment (OR = 6.40, 95% CI = 1.52–26.84), fatigue (OR = 4.71, 95% CI = 1.03–21.60), and fall risk (OR = 4.30, 95% CI = 1.21–16.57) postdischarge, was associated with readmission; however, only 4%–6% developed these syndromes. Over the course of five time points, mobility impairment, apathy, and incontinence were longitudinally associated with FD; apathy, malnutrition, fatigue, and fall risk with mortality; malnutrition with readmission. Conclusion Most geriatric syndromes are present at admission and patients are likely to retain them postdischarge. Several geriatric syndromes are longitudinally associated with mortality and, particularly, persistently present syndromes place persons are at risk of FD. Although few persons develop syndromes postdischarge, those developing cognitive impairment, fatigue, and fall risk were at increased readmission risk.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

González-Hernández, Juan, Ricardo Cuevas-Campos, María Isabel Tovar-Gálvez, and Lucía Melguizo-Rodríguez. "Why Negative or Positive, If It makes Me Win? Dark Personality in Spanish Competitive Athletes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (May 17, 2020): 3504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103504.

Full text

Abstract:

Research on the dark triad traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism and psychopathy) is increasingly focusing on the functional or dysfunctional influences of personality traits on cognitive, behavioural and emotional responses. Thus, studies in sport contexts have shown that athletes who participate in competitive sports have higher scores in the dark triad than those who do not. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to evaluate the linear and predictive relationships between dark traits and competitiveness (p < 0.01), as well as to identify any differences based on sports orientation (professionals vs. amateurs). Scales SD3 (dark personality) and C−10 (competitiveness) were applied to a sample of Spanish athletes (n = 806). The results show that competitiveness is strongly related to the traits of the dark personality triad. Narcissism is related to both the desire to win and the fear of losing, while Machiavellian tendencies are high when athletes feel like losers. Finally, psychopathic tendencies are related to feelings of inferiority and fear of failure. In conclusion, the results suggest that dark personality traits are related not only to the individuality of the athletes, but also to the self-perception of both their psychological response and the competitiveness of their sporting environment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Clarke, Daniel Wade. "Fighting Against Forgetting: Remembering the Places Where My Relationship With My Father Came Into Being." Qualitative Inquiry 23, no. 6 (October 19, 2016): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800416673662.

Full text

Abstract:

When cancer took my dad’s last breath, I was left with the fear that all the dark memories of our relationship might crowd out and overshadow some of my delightful son–father memories. Haunted by the fear of forgetting all those “good” memories, focusing on where they were created, I write into being some of the beautiful moments I want to preserve. Providing examples from my work of memory, the purpose is to show that we do not need to start with dark backgrounds before brighter futures can emerge. What happens when only mundane, beautiful memories are preserved is also considered.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Kopcsó, Krisztina, and András Láng. "Uncontrolled Thoughts in the Dark? Effects of Lighting Conditions and Fear of the Dark on Thinking Processes." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 39, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276236618816035.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Sipes, Gregory, Max Rardin, and Bernard Fitzgerald. "Adolescent Recall of Childhood Fears and Coping Strategies." Psychological Reports 57, no. 3_suppl (December 1985): 1215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.57.3f.1215.

Full text

Abstract:

Ninth grade students ( N = 2728) wrote essay responses to the questions: “Most of us, as children, were afraid of something—the dark, dogs, being alone. What caused you the greatest fright when you were young? Show, by example, how you reacted to fear. What has helped you to overcome or conquer fear?” Reported fears and coping strategies were recorded by subjects' sex and fears were categorized as singular, primary, or secondary. Fear and coping strategy categories were recorded once only for any subject. Fear of the dark was most frequently mentioned, with People, Spooks, Being Alone, and Animals being other frequently mentioned fears. Sex differences were found for singular or primary fears, with boys significantly more fearful of Animals and Heights and girls significantly more afraid of Being Alone, Death/Injury, Insects, and Fathers. About half of all subjects reported coping strategies, with nearly 55% reporting the strategy of Reason/Age. Boys reported significantly more In vivo Densensitization/Flooding and Destroy coping strategies, with girls reporting significantly more People, Escape, and Took Control strategies. Possible explanations for the various reported fears are provided.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

McGlashan, Elise M., Govinda R. Poudel, Sharna D. Jamadar, Andrew J. K. Phillips, and Sean W. Cain. "Afraid of the dark: Light acutely suppresses activity in the human amygdala." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 16, 2021): e0252350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252350.

Full text

Abstract:

Light improves mood. The amygdala plays a critical role in regulating emotion, including fear-related responses. In rodents the amygdala receives direct light input from the retina, and light may play a role in fear-related learning. A direct effect of light on the amygdala represents a plausible mechanism of action for light’s mood-elevating effects in humans. However, the effect of light on activity in the amygdala in humans is not well understood. We examined the effect of passive dim-to-moderate white light exposure on activation of the amygdala in healthy young adults using the BOLD fMRI response (3T Siemens scanner; n = 23). Participants were exposed to alternating 30s blocks of light (10 lux or 100 lux) and dark (<1 lux), with each light intensity being presented separately. Light, compared with dark, suppressed activity in the amygdala. Moderate light exposure resulted in greater suppression of amygdala activity than dim light. Furthermore, functional connectivity between the amygdala and ventro-medial prefrontal cortex was enhanced during light relative to dark. These effects may contribute to light’s mood-elevating effects, via a reduction in negative, fear-related affect and enhanced processing of negative emotion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Bevins, Rick A., and John J. B. Ayres. "Two issues in Pavlovian fear conditioning: selective fear of bright vs. dark, and CS determinants of CR form." Behavioural Processes 24, no. 3 (November 1991): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-6357(91)90076-c.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Procter, Lisa, and Abigail Hackett. "Playing with place in early childhood: An analysis of dark emotion and materiality in children’s play." Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood 18, no. 2 (June 2017): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1463949117714082.

Full text

Abstract:

In this article, the authors bring together the cultural studies of emotion with theories that foreground the agency of place and objects in order to analyse the entanglement of place, children and emotion (particularly fear) in children’s play encounters. When children, objects and places come into play with each other, intensities and emotions emerge. Through an analysis of examples from two ethnographic studies in which play encounters between children and place seem to evoke fear, the authors explore the potentialities of what is evoked. Fear is bounded in place and experienced materially and bodily. As fear becomes entangled in the materiality of place and bodies, emotions work to characterise and categorise bodies (human and non-human) in ways that connect to anthropocentric and colonial metanarratives of animal/human and victim/aggressor. The authors make the case that the cultural studies of emotion can offer a means through which it is possible to connect the micro and the macro, working at these different scales in order to consider the political implications of reconceptualising play encounters through new materialism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Yoneyama, Tadakatsu, and Akira Suzuki. "Light-Independent Nitrogen Assimilation in Plant Leaves: Nitrate Incorporation into Glutamine, Glutamate, Aspartate, and Asparagine Traced by 15N." Plants 9, no. 10 (October 2, 2020): 1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9101303.

Full text

Abstract:

Although the nitrate assimilation into amino acids in photosynthetic leaf tissues is active under the light, the studies during 1950s and 1970s in the dark nitrate assimilation provided fragmental and variable activities, and the mechanism of reductant supply to nitrate assimilation in darkness remained unclear. 15N tracing experiments unraveled the assimilatory mechanism of nitrogen from nitrate into amino acids in the light and in darkness by the reactions of nitrate and nitrite reductases, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, aspartate aminotransferase, and asparagine synthetase. Nitrogen assimilation in illuminated leaves and non-photosynthetic roots occurs either in the redundant way or in the specific manner regarding the isoforms of nitrogen assimilatory enzymes in their cellular compartments. The electron supplying systems necessary to the enzymatic reactions share in part a similar electron donor system at the expense of carbohydrates in both leaves and roots, but also distinct reducing systems regarding the reactions of Fd-nitrite reductase and Fd-glutamate synthase in the photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Parmeggiani, Fabio. "Fear of the Dark: Diazo Printing by Photochemical Decomposition of Aryldiazonium Tetrafluoroborates." Journal of Chemical Education 91, no. 5 (February 28, 2014): 692–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed400555a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Lawtoo, Nidesh. "Fear of the Dark: Surrealist Shadows in The Nigger of the “Narcissus”." MFS Modern Fiction Studies 60, no. 2 (2014): 227–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mfs.2014.0031.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Somody, Catherine. "Healing Through the Dark Emotions: The Wisdom of Grief, Fear, and Despair." Journal of Creativity in Mental Health 3, no. 2 (July 31, 2008): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15401380802219492.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Armitage, Kevin C. "Escaping the Dark, Gray City: Fear and Hope in Progressive-Era Conservation." Journal of American History 104, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 791–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jax377.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Kadota, Kanae, Riu Furutani, Amane Makino, Yuji Suzuki, Shinya Wada, and Chikahiro Miyake. "Oxidation of P700 Induces Alternative Electron Flow in Photosystem I in Wheat Leaves." Plants 8, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8060152.

Full text

Abstract:

Oxygen (O2)-evolving photosynthetic organisms oxidize the reaction center chlorophyll, P700, in photosystem I (PSI) to suppress the production of reactive oxygen species. The oxidation of P700 is accompanied by alternative electron flow in PSI (AEF-I), which is not required for photosynthetic linear electron flow (LEF). To characterize AEF-I, we compared the redox reactions of P700 and ferredoxin (Fd) during the induction of carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation in wheat leaves, using dark-interval relaxation kinetics analysis. Switching on an actinic light (1000 μmol photons m−2 s−1) at ambient CO2 partial pressure of 40 Pa and ambient O2 partial pressure of 21 kPa gradually oxidized P700 (P700+) and enhanced the reduction rate of P700+ (vP700) and oxidation rate of reduced Fd (vFd). The vFd showed a positive linear relationship with an apparent photosynthetic quantum yield of PSII (Y[II]) originating at point zero; the redox turnover of Fd is regulated by LEF via CO2 assimilation and photorespiration. The vP700 also showed a positive linear relationship with Y(II), but the intercept was positive, not zero. That is, the electron flux in PSI included the electron flux in AEF-I in addition to that in LEF. This indicates that the oxidation of P700 induces AEF-I. We propose a possible mechanism underlying AEF-I and its physiological role in the mitigation of oxidative damage.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Fendt, Markus, Claudia Paulina Gonzalez-Guerrero, and Evelyn Kahl. "Observational Fear Learning in Rats: Role of Trait Anxiety and Ultrasonic Vocalization." Brain Sciences 11, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11040423.

Full text

Abstract:

Rats can acquire fear by observing conspecifics that express fear in the presence of conditioned fear stimuli. This process is called observational fear learning and is based on the social transmission of the demonstrator rat’s emotion and the induction of an empathy-like or anxiety state in the observer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of trait anxiety and ultrasonic vocalization in observational fear learning. Two experiments with male Wistar rats were performed. In the first experiment, trait anxiety was assessed in a light–dark box test before the rats were submitted to the observational fear learning procedure. In the second experiment, ultrasonic vocalization was recorded throughout the whole observational fear learning procedure, and 22 kHz and 50 kHz calls were analyzed. The results of our study show that trait anxiety differently affects direct fear learning and observational fear learning. Direct fear learning was more pronounced with higher trait anxiety, while observational fear learning was the best with a medium-level of trait anxiety. There were no indications in the present study that ultrasonic vocalization, especially emission of 22 kHz calls, but also 50 kHz calls, are critical for observational fear learning.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Hovey, Jaime. "“Kissing a Negress in the Dark”: Englishness as a Masquerade in Woolf's Orlando." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 112, no. 3 (May 1997): 393–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/462948.

Full text

Abstract:

This essay questions the relation between national affiliation and other elements of identity, such as race, gender, and sexuality. Citing British newspaper stories and editorials of the 1920s that sexualized and pathologized the black man, I connect the fear these articles reflect to the fear of the white flapper. Joan Riviere's 1929 psychoanalytic study of femininity and masquerade, which explores the psychic parameters of gendered national belonging, frames my reading of Woolf's use of racial tropes in Orlando (1928), where they function within strategies for granting national belonging to the queerly gendered white Englishwoman. These strategies, which are part of the masquerade, include the narrator's satiric stance and the deployment of secret codes. Despite the text's ambivalences and ambiguities, Orlando's sexuality is finally domesticated by the racial and sexual terms of national belonging.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Nieuwenhuizen, Theodorus Maria. "Subjecting Dark Matter Candidates to the Cluster Test." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 19, no. 02 (November 19, 2019): 2050016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477520500169.

Full text

Abstract:

Galaxy clusters, employed by Zwicky to demonstrate the existence of dark matter (DM), pose new stringent tests. First, the possibility is considered that merging clusters demonstrate that DM is self-interacting with cross-section [Formula: see text] 2[Formula: see text]cm2/gr. In that case, MACHOs, primordial black holes (PBHs) and light axions that build MACHOs are ruled out as cluster DM, while GeV and TeV WIMPs and keV sterile neutrinos are challenged. Next, recent strong lensing and X-ray gas data of the quite relaxed and quite spherical cluster A1835 are analyzed. These lensing data involve a covariance matrix of which the small eigenvalues have to be regularized. This is achieved with a new, general, parameter-free method: binning with respect to a model fit, and accounting for intra-bin fluctuations. This method allows to test the cases of DM with Maxwell–Boltzmann, Bose–Einstein and Fermi–Dirac (FD) distribution, next to Navarro–Frenck–White profiles. Fits to all these profiles are formally rejected at over [Formula: see text], except in the fermionic situation. The interpretation in terms of pseudo-Dirac neutrinos with mass of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]eV/[Formula: see text] is consistent with results on the cluster A1689, with the DM fractions from WMAP, Planck and DES, and with the non-detection of neutrinoless double [Formula: see text]-decay. The predicted mass will be tested in the KATRIN and PTOLEMY experiments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Lin, Beckham Shih-Ming, Ching-Yuan Lin, Chun-Wei Kung, Yong-Jun Lin, Chung-Chyi Chou, Ying-Ji Chuang, and Gary Li-Kai Hsiao. "Wayfinding of Firefighters in Dark and Complex Environments." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 29, 2021): 8014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158014.

Full text

Abstract:

Firefighters searching in dark and complex environments might lose their orientation and endanger themselves at the fireground. This study conducted experiments in the Training Facility of the New Taipei City Fire Department (NTFD), Taiwan. The objective of the experiments was to analyze the profile of each firefighter by a 13-factor self-report survey and their wayfinding time in dark and complex environments (DCEs). The results showed that age might be a marginally significant factor, and fear of confinement might be a significant factor that could affect firefighters’ wayfinding time in the DCEs. The findings could provide strategies for improving the safety of firefighters working in such environments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Sabatini, G., A. Giannetti, S. Bovino, J. Brand, S. Leurini, E. Schisano, T. Pillai, and K. M. Menten. "On the size of the CO-depletion radius in the IRDC G351.77−0.51." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 490, no. 4 (October 10, 2019): 4489–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2818.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT An estimate of the degree of CO-depletion (fD) provides information on the physical conditions occurring in the innermost and densest regions of molecular clouds. A key parameter in these studies is the size of the depletion radius, i.e. the radius within which the C-bearing species, and in particular CO, are largely frozen on to dust grains. A strong depletion state (i.e. fD > 10, as assumed in our models) is highly favoured in the innermost regions of dark clouds, where the temperature is <20 K and the number density of molecular hydrogen exceeds a few × 104 cm−3. In this work, we estimate the size of the depleted region by studying the Infrared Dark Cloud (IRDC) G351.77−0.51. Continuum observations performed with the Herschel Space Observatory and the LArge APEX BOlometer CAmera, together with APEX C18O and C17O J = 2→1 line observations, allowed us to recover the large-scale beam- and line-of-sight-averaged depletion map of the cloud. We built a simple model to investigate the depletion in the inner regions of the clumps in the filament and the filament itself. The model suggests that the depletion radius ranges from 0.02 to 0.15 pc, comparable with the typical filament width (i.e. ∼0.1 pc). At these radii, the number density of H2 reaches values between 0.2 and 5.5 × 105 cm−3. These results provide information on the approximate spatial scales on which different chemical processes operate in high-mass star-forming regions and also suggest caution when using CO for kinematical studies in IRDCs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Frederiksen, Marianne Stistrup, Virginia Schmied, and Charlotte Overgaard. "Living With Fear: Experiences of Danish Parents in Vulnerable Positions During Pregnancy and in the Postnatal Period." Qualitative Health Research 31, no. 3 (January 10, 2021): 564–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732320978206.

Full text

Abstract:

Targeted services are recommended to pregnant women/parents in vulnerable positions to support their well-being and improve health outcomes; however, being offered extra services is associated with feelings of fear and anxiety. Adopting an ethnographic approach, we explore what parents fear, how and why they experience fear, and how this shapes their childbearing experience and engagement with Danish maternity care services. We made field observations and conducted interviews with 39 parents in vulnerable positions, who shared multiple, ambiguous, and interrelated fears. Four main themes were constructed: fear of going back to a dark place, of having a negative impact on the baby, of being labeled, and of the consequences of service engagement and being open. We conclude that what parents fear, the intensity of these fears, and what potentially triggers it are contingent on their life story, their care pathways, and the maternity care system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Siegfried, Tom. "From the editor: Dark matter nothing to fear, if it's there or not." Science News 181, no. 10 (May 10, 2012): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scin.5591811001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Hirsjärvi, Paula, and Teuvo Väliaho. "Effects of gentling on open-field behaviour of Wistar rats in fear-evoking test situation." Laboratory Animals 29, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367795780739953.

Full text

Abstract:

The effect of individual gentling on open-field behaviour of adult male Wistar rats was studied. Dark open-field evoked prey-like behaviour both in the gentled and in the non-handled rats. Escape activity dominated in both groups although some habituation as a function of trials occurred. The effects of gentling were mainly seen in the quality of the fear-reaction as a result of reduced fear of human contact. Parameters that differentiated the 2 groups were middle field ambulation, middle field rearing and passive motionlessness.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Kawaguchi, Yoshiko, Ahmad M. Sayed, Alliya Shafi, Sengchanh Kounnavong, Tiengkham Pongvongsa, Angkhana Lasaphonh, Khamsamay Xaylovong, et al. "Factors affecting the choice of delivery place in a rural area in Laos: A qualitative analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): e0255193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255193.

Full text

Abstract:

Background Home delivery (HD) without skilled birth attendants (SBAs) are considered crucial risk factors increasing maternal and child mortality rates in Loa PDR. While a few studies in the literature discuss the choice of delivery in remote areas of minority ethnic groups; our work aims to identify factors that indicated their delivery place, at home or in the health facilities. Methods A community-based qualitative study was conducted between February and March 2020. Three types of interviews were implemented, In-depth interviews with 16 women of eight rural villages who delivered in the last 12 months in Xepon District, Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR. Also, three focus group discussions (FGDs) with nine HCPs and key-informant interviews of ten VHVs were managed. Factors affecting the choice of the delivery place were categorized according to the social-ecological model. Results Our sample included five Tri women and two Mangkong women in the HD group, while the FD group included three Tri women, two Mangkong women, one Phoutai woman, two Laolung women and one Vietnamese. Our investigation inside the targeted minority showed that both positive perceptions of home delivery (HD) and low-risk perception minorities were the main reasons for the choice of HD, on the individual level. On the other hand, fear of complication, the experience of stillbirth, and prolonged labour pain during HD were reasons for facility-based delivery (FD). Notably, the women in our minority reported no link between their preference and their language, while the HCPs dated the low knowledge to the language barrier. On the interpersonal level, the FD women had better communication with their families, and better preparation for delivery compared to the HD group. The FD family prepared cash and transportation using their social network. At the community level, the trend of the delivery place had shifted from HD to FD. Improved accessibility and increased knowledge through community health education were the factors of the trend. At the societal (national policy) level, the free delivery policy and limitation of HCPs’ assisted childbirth only in health facilities were the factors of increasing FD, while the absence of other incentives like transportation and food allowance was the factor of remaining of HD. Conclusions Based on the main findings of this study, we urge the enhancement of family communication on birth preparedness and birthplace. Furthermore, our findings support the need to educate mothers, especially those of younger ages, about their best options regarding the place of delivery. We propose implementing secondary services of HD to minimize the emergency risks of HD. We encourage local authorities to be aware of the medical needs of the community especially those of pregnant females and their right for a free delivery policy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Lisak, David. "Behind the Torment of Rape Victims Lies a Dark Fear: Reply to the Commentaries." Violence Against Women 16, no. 12 (December 2010): 1372–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801210387751.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Graham, Paula. "Book Review: Reviews: Fear of the Dark: ‘Race’, Gender and Sexuality in the Cinema." Feminist Review 55, no. 1 (March 1997): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/fr.1997.9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Loh, Dawn H., Juliana Navarro, Arkady Hagopian, Louisa M. Wang, Tom Deboer, and Christopher S. Colwell. "Rapid Changes in the Light/Dark Cycle Disrupt Memory of Conditioned Fear in Mice." PLoS ONE 5, no. 9 (September 2, 2010): e12546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012546.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Ahmed, S. "Review. Fear of the dark: 'race', gender and sexuality in the cinema. Lola Young." Screen 37, no. 4 (December 1, 1996): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/screen/37.4.409.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Hales, Barbara. "Dancer in the Dark: Hypnosis, Trance-Dancing, and Weimar's Fear of the New Woman." Monatshefte 102, no. 4 (2010): 534–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mon.2010.0034.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Fanselow, Michael S., and Zachary T. Pennington. "A return to the psychiatric dark ages with a two-system framework for fear." Behaviour Research and Therapy 100 (January 2018): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.012.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Chai, Su-Young, and Sung-Hoon Choa. "Reduction of Fluorine Diffusion and Improvement of Dark Current Using Carbon Implantation in CMOS Image Sensor." Crystals 11, no. 9 (September 11, 2021): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11091106.

Full text

Abstract:

Recently, the demand of a high resolution complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor is dramatically increasing. As the pixel size reduces to submicron, however, the quality of the sensor image decreases. In particular, the dark current can act as a large noise source resulting in reduction of the quality of the sensor image. Fluorine ion implantation was commonly used to improve the dark current by reducing the trap state density. However, the implanted fluorine diffused to the outside of the silicon surface and disappeared after annealing process. In this paper, we analyzed the effects of carbon implantation on the fluorine diffusion and the dark current characteristics of the CMOS image sensor. As the carbon was implanted with dose of 5.0 × 1014 and 1 × 1015 ions/cm2 in N+ area of FD region, the retained dose of fluorine was improved by more than 131% and 242%, respectively than no carbon implantation indicating that the higher concentration of the carbon implantation, the higher the retained dose of fluorine after annealing. As the retained fluorine concentration increased, the minority carriers of electrons or holes decreased by more Si-F bond formation, resulting in increasing the sheet resistance. When carbon was implanted with 1.0 × 1015 ions/cm2, the defective pixel, dark current, transient noise, and flicker were much improved by 25%, 9.4%, 1%, and 28%, respectively compared to no carbon implantation. Therefore, the diffusion of fluorine after annealing could be improved by the carbon implantation leading to improvement of the dark current characteristics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Chen, Briana K., Gwenaëlle Le Pen, Adam Eckmier, Gilles Rubinstenn, Therese M. Jay, and Christine A. Denny. "Fluoroethylnormemantine, A Novel Derivative of Memantine, Facilitates Extinction Learning Without Sensorimotor Deficits." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 24, no. 6 (February 25, 2021): 519–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyab007.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background Memantine, a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, has been approved for use in Alzheimer’s disease, but an increasing number of studies have investigated its utility for neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we characterized a novel compound, fluoroethylnormemtantine (FENM), which was derived from memantine with an extra Fluor in an optimized position for in vivo biomarker labeling. We sought to determine if FENM produced similar behavioral effects as memantine and/or if FENM has beneficial effects against fear, avoidance, and behavioral despair. Methods We administered saline, FENM, or memantine prior to a number of behavioral assays, including paired-pulse inhibition, open field, light dark test, forced swim test, and cued fear conditioning in male Wistar rats. Results Unlike memantine, FENM did not produce nonspecific side effects and did not alter sensorimotor gating or locomotion. FENM decreased immobility in the forced swim test. Moreover, FENM robustly facilitated fear extinction learning when administered prior to either cued fear conditioning training or tone reexposure. Conclusions These results suggest that FENM is a promising, novel compound that robustly reduces fear behavior and may be useful for further preclinical testing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Stewart, Sandra E., and Jocelynne E. Gordon. "Parent-Assisted Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Children's Nighttime Fear." Behaviour Change 31, no. 4 (November 20, 2014): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2014.19.

Full text

Abstract:

Nighttime fear, including fear of monsters and the dark, is common. For most children and adolescents, nighttime fears are transient. However, approximately 10% experience severe nighttime fear that negatively impacts sleep, adjustment, and family life. Research conducted in the 1980s indicates that cognitive-behavioural therapy can reduce nighttime fear in as few as three sessions. The aims of the present study were to replicate and extend earlier research by evaluating a cognitive-behavioural treatment package for children's severe nighttime fear, and address methodological issues in previous studies. A manualised, multi-component treatment package was developed, based on current evidence-based practice for the treatment of children's anxiety. Interventions included graded exposure, muscle relaxation, cognitive restructuring, and social and material reinforcement. Treatment was individually tailored and delivered via weekly modules. A multiple baseline across-subjects design was utilised. Four ‘families’ — one parent and one child — participated; children's ages ranged from 6 to 10 years. Families attended five weekly intervention sessions and a 1-month follow-up. Multiple outcome measures were administered pre- and post-treatment. All children displayed changes consistent with reduced nighttime fear following treatment, including fewer phobic symptoms, reduced general fear, and improved nighttime and general behaviour. These changes were maintained at follow-up. Parents reported a high degree of satisfaction with the program and would recommend it to other families. The results support the effectiveness of manualised, parent-assisted treatment for nighttime fear in as few as three sessions. In cases of severe nighttime fear, therapist support is recommended. Treatment implications for children with complex presentations are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Gehlawat, Ajay. "Bollywood studies at 2020." Studies in South Asian Film & Media 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/safm_00039_5.

Full text

Abstract:

Review of: Dark Fear, Eerie Cities: New Hindi Cinema In Neoliberal India, Sarunas Paunksnis (2019) New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 172 pp., ISBN 978-0-19949-318-0, h/bk, $30 Unruly Cinema: History, Politics, and Bollywood, Rini Bhattacharya Mehta (2020) Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 233 pp., ISBN 978-0-25208-499-7, p/bk, $25

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Fallaw, W., David Snipes, and Van Price. "Wandering With William Bartram: The Section At Silver Bluff, South Carolina." Earth Sciences History 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.13.1.pw32124312286527.

Full text

Abstract:

In his famous book, William Bartram (1791) described a stratigraphic section at Silver Bluff on the Savannah River in Aiken County, South Carolina, as dark, laminated clay containing belemnites, overlain by clays, sand, marl, and a shelly bed containing numerous oysters. There are now no known occurrences of marine megafossils in outcrops along the Savannah in Aiken County. The wording of Bartram's description of Cretaceous outcrops along the Cape Fear River in North Carolina indicates that the lower part of the Silver Bluff section was described from notes made on the Cape Fear and from his father's diary. The description of the upper beds at Silver Bluff may have been transferred from the Cape Fear, where fossiliferous Pliocene beds overlie the Cretaceous. It is probable, however, that it was from notes made at an Eocene locality in Georgia, most likely Shell Bluff on the Savannah River.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Fear of the dark (FD)'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles