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Sorrell, John T. "Effects of pain and fear stimulus intensity levels on pain responding in chronic pain patients." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1712.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2000.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 61 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 23-27).
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Alehagen, Siw. "Fear pain stress hormones during labor /." Linköping : Univ, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/med730s.pdf.
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van, Nobelen Marion. "Fear, Pain and the Amygdaloid Complex." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4436.
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In classical conditioning the amygdala is a critical area for the convergence of the unconditioned (US) and conditioned stimulus (CS). During this process the CS acquires some of the properties of the US. By assessing the US properties of foot-shock, namely reflex, pain and fear, the neural systems of pain and fear were evaluated in the rat basolateral and central amygdala. The central fear state produced by footshock was compared to the central fear state expressed during the fear-potentiated startle paradigm. By analysing the similarities and differences in the fear states, the effects of GABAergic, glutamatergic, and dopaminergic systems and protein synthesis inhibition on these fear states were investigated.
The basolateral amygdala was sensitive to GABAergic modulation during US and CS presentations. This was interpreted as a central fear effect. The central amygdala was sensitive to glutamate but not to GABAergic modulation. NMDA receptor antagonism prevented fear arousal to US but not CS presentation. This effect was interpreted as a deficit in pain processing. Non-NMDA receptor antagonism could significantly attenuate both US and CS fear expression. This was interpreted as an overall non-NMDA receptor inhibitory effect that affected pain and conditioned fear expression. Results of these experiments have implications for our understanding of the circuitry involved in processing the US. The basolateral amygdala appears to support emotional neural plasticity while the central amygdala appears to support pain neural plasticity. Finally and and most importantly each area processes different properties of the US.
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Vowles, Kevin E. "Order effects of fear and pain induction." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2198.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 76 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 32-39).
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Taylor, Siobhan Catherine. "Exposure and the reduction of fear of pain." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3126/.
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This research investigated interoceptive exposure as a treatment option for disabling pain-related fear. Interoceptive exposure was conceptualised as an extension of the Fear Avoidance Model and a literature review highlighted three important areas: attention/hypervigilance to pain and its threat value, fear-avoidance and the acceptance of pain. A treatment manual was developed based on a literature review and an elaborated single case experimental design methodology was used to determine treatment efficacy. Seven participants were recruited and four completed treatment which was designed as an ABC sequence: A, baseline; B, education; C interoceptive exposure. Follow up data were obtained at three months post-treatment. Data were obtained from psychometrically standardised assessments, daily measures of the treatment target, and sessional process measures. Participants completed a post-treatment Change Interview in an attempt to evaluate treatment causality in a non-biased way. There was variation on the standard measures; all of the participants made significant changes on some but not all of the measures. Target measures showed both variation and stability. Process measures showed that all of the participants could engage in the treatment exercises. The participants rated the treatment as being fairly logical however there was differences in expectations about how successful the treatment would be. At the Change Interview, all of the participants described changes which they stated were important and unlikely to occur without therapy. There is some evidence at different levels that this treatment may be effective. A combination of attention, fear-avoidance and acceptance of pain treatment approach has not been used before and this research indicates promising results for those suffering with chronic pain. However further research is necessary. The procedure could be refined; interoceptive exposure could be explored in more depth and pain and avoidance behaviour could be considered in relation to other goals.
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Spickard, Brad. "Pain-Related Fear and Cognitive Performance in Recurrent Headache." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1312467205.
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Torres, Caneiro Joao Paulo. "An Investigation of People with Persistent Low Back Pain and High Pain-Related Fear." Thesis, Curtin University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/70706.
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Pain that is interpreted as threatening can lead to fear, avoidance and disengagement from valued activities. Low back pain (LBP) associated with high pain-related fear is disabling. The body of work presented in this doctoral thesis aims to better understand the relationship between pain, fear and disability; and how the process of change unfolds for individuals with persistent LBP and high pain-related fear over the course of an exposure-based behavioural intervention.
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Bunzli, Samantha. "A prospective, qualitative investigation of pain-related fear in people with chronic low back pain." Thesis, Curtin University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/608.
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This qualitative, prospective study explores the lived experience of pain-related fear in people with chronic non-specific low back pain. Novel insights are provided into the beliefs underlying pain-related fear, how these beliefs evolve and the pathways to fear-reduction. The Common-Sense Model is offered as a framework to understand the study findings. By incorporating a Common-Sense perspective, the Fear Avoidance Model may be extended to account for the multiple pathways into pain-related fear and fear-reduction.
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Trost, Zina. "Correction of Pain Expectancies Following Exposure to Movement in Chronic Back Pain." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1216157547.
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Bayer, Jennifer L. "An eight-week forrest yoga intervention for chronic pain: effect on pain interference, pain severity, and psychological outcomes." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6364.
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Background: Chronic pain conditions are pervasive, debilitating, and costly problems across the globe, yet medical treatments often fail to relieve the patients of pain. As a result, complementary treatments, such as yoga, are often used in an attempt to reduce pain and disability. Yoga seems to be effective in short-term relief of pain and, in some cases, helps alleviate psychological comorbidities associated with pain, such as depression and anxiety. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of an eight-week Forrest Yoga intervention on pain interference, pain severity, and psychological outcomes.
Methods: Seventy-nine participants were randomly assigned to yoga or usual care and completed a battery of self-report assessments at baseline, mid-intervention (4-weeks), post-intervention (8-weeks), and follow-up (16-weeks). Measures of pain interference, pain severity, number of painful body parts, sensory and affective experience of pain, psychological flexibility, pain catastrophizing, fear of movement, depression and anxiety, and social support were included.
Results: There were significant reductions in pain interference and activity avoidance in the yoga group compared to usual care post-intervention. Differences trended towards significance for pain severity and number of painful body parts. Compared to usual care, yoga participants showed significant early reductions in pain interference, pain severity, number of painful body parts, affective experience of pain, depression, overall fear of movement, and activity avoidance. Compared to usual care, these changes were not maintained at 16-weeks (2 months following the intervention).
Conclusions: The yoga intervention provided some relief of pain and pain-related problems while the intervention was ongoing but did not provide sustained relief.
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Kelly, Sioban Colette. "Structural and functional MRI studies of pain behaviour, selective attention and fear of pain in pain-free volunteers and chronic low back pain patients." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.569583.
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The aim of the original work presented in this thesis was to investigate morphological and functional differences in clinical and control populations, which may negatively impact the experience of pain. Firstly, morphological differences were investigated between groups of healthy controls and chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients. Included in the latter were subgroups of patients not previously investigated in the current morphological literature, those with and without pain behaviour. We investigated differences in gray matter (GM) volume between groups using an automated whole brain technique, and a manual method applied to two regions of interest, namely prefrontal cortex and insular cortex. A deficit in GM volume of right dorsal prefrontal cortex between CLBP patients and controls was found, with a further deficit in left insular cortex for CLBP patients with concomitant pain behaviour. Secondly, we conducted two studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a task of selective attention. Our initial investigation provided a proof of principle regarding the suitability of a semantic dot probe task within the fMRI environment. Pain-free participants were grouped based upon fear of pain scores. The results indicated differential behavioural and functional results between the groups. The thesis culminates with an fMRl study investigating selective attention in CLBP patients with pain behaviour. The clinical group were tested prior to and on completion of an intensive multidisciplinary pain management programme (PMP), with the aim of assessing if selective attention is sensitive to cognitive interventions. Selective attentional bias was demonstrated in the clinical group for pain-related trials at both testing sessions, although the direction of attention differed. Similarly, fMRI results showed differences in neural correlates for task performance between groups, with pre-PMP results demonstrating a reliance on semantic and memory processes. The fmdings suggest that fear of pain may be a vulnerability factor in the transition from acute to chronic pain and furthermore, CLBP patients with pain behaviour have structural, functional and behavioural differences which may negatively impact their ability to cope with their pain condition.
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Buer, Nina. "Pain-related fear and movement : implications for physiotherapy and public health /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-363-5/.
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Cassoret, Marine Emilei Chloe. "Pain and fear in fish and the welfare aspects of angling." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392975.
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Leeuw, Maaike. "Safe but sorry Theory, assesment, and treatment of pain-related fear in chronic low back pain patients /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2008. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=9708.
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Gochenour, Lori L. "Cortisol responsivity association with fear and pain related to root canal therapy /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2946.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 57 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-46).
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Flink, Ida K. "Stuck in mind : the role of catastrophizing in pain." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-19125.
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Pain catastrophizing emerges in the literature as one of the most important psychological determinants of both pain itself and the negative outcomes commonly associated with it. However, despite decades of research confirming the impact of catastrophizing, there are still areas that remain unexplored or in which the surface has only been scratched. The overall aim of this dissertation was to expand existing knowledge about catastrophizing and to advance the theoretical framework around the concept. The role of catastrophizing was explored in three distinct areas: during pain in childbirth, in exposure treatment for back pain patients, and in a problem solving context. The findings from the three studies confirmed the vital role of catastrophizing in these areas. Firstly, catastrophizing played a critical role in pain in childbirth; women who catastrophized reported labor pain as more intense and the subsequent recovery period as longer than women who did not catastrophize. Secondly, catastrophizing was identified as a moderator of treatment effect in exposure in vivo for back pain patients with pain-related fear; patients who catastrophized were not helped by the exposure. Thirdly, catastrophizing played a role in a problem solving context; although this is in line with contemporary models such as the misdirected problem solving model, the results suggested a somewhat different pathway to this previous model. Taken together, these findings underscore the instrumental role of catastrophizing in diverse areas and imply a need for catastrophzing to be assessed and addressed in clinical contexts. In addition, the findings highlight a need for further development of the theoretical framework around catastrophizing as well as treatment interventions that directly target catastrophizing. Based on these needs, a new model of catastrophizing was proposed – a model of catastrophizing from a process perspective. In this model, the proposed function of catastrophizing is to down-regulate negative affect, as a form of internal avoidance. The model is a complement to existing theoretical models and provides a framework for developing treatment interventions that directly target catastrophizing, for example by problem solving skills training. Successful interventions for people who catastrophize would lead to several gains – for the individual in less suffering and increased ability to handle pain problems, and for society as a whole in reduced costs for health care for these individuals.
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Vangronsveld, Karoline Lisette Helena. "By accident pain catastrophizing and fear of movement in patients with neck pain after a motor vehicle accident /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2007. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=9170.
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Trost, Zina. "Pain-related Fear, Pain and Harm Appraisal, and Kinematic Avoidance among Healthy Participants Following Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1279927787.
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Saisto, Terhi. "Obstetric, psychosocial, and pain-related background, and treatment of fear of childbirth." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2001. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/kliin/vk/saisto/.
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Davis, Claude Ervin. "FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING STUDY OF PAIN AND EMOTION." UKnowledge, 2003. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/403.
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Neuroscience research has followed two fairly distinct paths in investigating central neural mechanisms of pain and emotion. Rarely have studies been conducted which intentionally combined painful and emotional stimulation while observing brain function. Theories of emotion and pain processing predict an interaction between pain and emotion such that emotional states may serve to both increase or decrease pain. This increase or decrease may also correspond to different effects on different dimensions of the overall pain experience as defined in pain neuromatrix theory. Theories of emotion begin with emotions as interpretations of bodily states, to more contemporary theories focusing on the functions of emotions. These emotion theories predict neuroanotomic relations between emotion and pain in the brain. Similarly neuromatrix theory predicts an affective dimension of pain experience, which has been defined in terms of pain unpleasantness and secondary affect, emphasizing the role of emotion in pain experience. To further explore the relationship between pain and emotion, in the present study, painful heat stimulation is applied to the face while simultaneously conducting whole brain imaging using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Also personal episodes involving anger, fear, and neutral emotion are recalled during fMRI both with, and without, painful heat stimulation. Similar brain regions are involved in processing pain, anger, and fear, and these responses compare favorably with those in the literature. The results also demonstrate that simultaneous emotional episode recall modulates the patterns of brain activity involved in pain. Anger recall especially seems to increase pain-related activity. The study allows greater understanding about the way that the brain's emotional processing networks for fear and anger affect pain experience and how pain affects the emotional processing network to produce affective experience, such as fear and anger, related to pain. Further application of these procedures to patients with chronic pain can aid understanding of central pathological mechanisms involved.
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Wideman, Timothy Howard. "An empirical and theory-based evaluation of the fear avoidance model of pain." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110386.
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Persistent pain and disability are commonly associated with musculoskeletal injury and can result in considerable personal suffering and societal burden. The Fear Avoidance Model provides a theoretical account of how pain-related disability develops, and has inspired a large body of research that aims to mitigate the negative consequences of musculoskeletal injury. While The Fear Avoidance Model is currently the leading theory of pain-related disability, there are several theoretical and empirical aspects of the model that have yet to be fully addressed; this manuscript-based thesis aims to explore these aspects. This thesis consists of five chapters: a general introduction, three empirical studies, and a general discussion. The general introduction provides a broad theoretical context for the three empirical studies. The studies included in this thesis aim to address two empirical gaps in the literature; the studies evaluate specific prospective relationships proposed by the Fear Avoidance Model, and assess alternate relationships among model-relevant variables. The general discussion provides a detailed exploration of various theoretical assumptions that are made within the Fear Avoidance Model that may help account for the observed findings.La douleur et l'invalidité persistante sont souvent associées avec des blessures musculo-squelettiques et peuvent entrainer une souffrance personnelle majeure ainsi qu'un fardeau social considérable. Le Modèle Cognitivo-Comportemental de la Peur liée à la douleur (MCCP) donne un compte rendu théorique de la manière dont l'invalidité associée à la douleur se développe et a inspiré une grande partie de la recherche qui vise à atténuer les conséquences de blessures musculo-squelettiques. Tandis que le MCCP est la théorie de premier ordre sur l'invalidité associée à la douleur, plusieurs aspects théoriques et empiriques du modèle n'ont pas encore été pleinement adressés. Cette thèse vise à examiner ces aspects. Cette thèse consiste en cinq chapitres : une introduction générale, trois études empiriques et une conclusion générale. L'introduction présente le cadre théorique pour les trois études empiriques. Les études incluses dans cette thèse visent à combler deux lacunes empiriques ; les études évaluent des relations prospectives spécifiques proposées par le MCCP, et examinent les relations alternatives entre les variables pertinents au modèle. La discussion générale fournit une exploration détaillée de diverses hypothèses théoriques développées dans le MCCP qui peuvent aider à expliquer les résultats des trois études.
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Jaén, Parrilla Irene. "Emotion Regulation in the Management of Fear of Pain: Subjective and Psychophysiological Correlates." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/14109.2022.236304.
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Research have shown the relationship between pain and emotion, proposing emotions as determinants and consequences of the subjective pain experience. Thus, pain can be modulated by positive and negative emotions, with numerous studies showing that inducing negative affect is related to higher pain intensity and lower pain tolerance. One of the emotions that has been identified as a critical one for pain experience is fear of pain, since it has been associated to avoidance behaviours such as disengage of daily activities, contributing to the maintaining and chronicity of pain. Emotion regulation strategies have shown to be effective in improving pain-related outcomes, as well as fear of pain. Among these strategies, cognitive reappraisal and acceptance have aroused a great interest, due to their role in first line interventions for chronic pain such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy or Cognitive and Behavioural Therapy, among other approaches. In laboratory settings, the effects of these strategies have been often studied with experimental paradigms focused on pain induction. However, the effects of emotion regulation strategies using specific paradigms to study fear of pain associated to threat anticipation have been little explored. In addition, although several studies have shown the relevance of cognitive and emotion regulation flexibility for the management of negative emotions and well-being, it has not been explored in relation to fear of pain. Taking into account the relevance of fear of pain in the development of detrimental pain-related responses and the chronification of pain, the general aim of the present doctoral thesis was to expand the knowledge about the role of emotion regulation in the management of threatening situations arising from a possible future pain. For this purpose, four studies were conducted: a systematic review, two experimental studies, and the validation of a questionnaire of cognitive flexibility. Overall, results showed that cognitive reappraisal is not necessarily associated with decreased physiological responses in the management of pain. In fact, emotion regulation strategies included in our study might not be effective to manage fear of pain when the anticipation of thermal aversive stimuli produces low anxiety levels. Likewise, the implementation of larger repertoires of emotion regulation strategies was also not associated with better fear of pain management. Additionally, the results obtained in the present dissertation suggested that individuals tend to use acceptance under low anticipatory fear of pain contexts, which also was the strategy most effective in that context. Future studies should explore the role of distinct emotion regulation strategies using environments with higher ecological validity, which would allow studying the changing pain characteristics to better understand the influence of context-sensitivity on the emotion regulation process.Programa de Doctorat en Psicologia
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Motoike, Toshiyuki, Jeffrey M. Long, Hirokazu Tanaka, Christopher M. Sinton, Amber Skach, S. Clay Williams, Robert E. Hammer, Takeshi Sakurai, and Masashi Yanagisawa. "Mesolimbic neuropeptide W coordinates stress responses under novel environments." NATL ACAD SCIENCES, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/616999.
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Neuropeptide B (NPB) and neuropeptide W(NPW) are endogenous neuropeptide ligands for the G protein-coupled receptors NPBWR1 and NPBWR2. Here we report that the majority of NPW neurons in the mesolimbic region possess tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity, indicating that a small subset of dopaminergic neurons coexpress NPW. These NPW-containing neurons densely and exclusively innervate two limbic system nuclei in adult mouse brain: the lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the lateral part of the central amygdala nucleus (CeAL). In the CeAL of wild-type mice, restraint stress resulted in an inhibition of cellular activity, but this stress-induced inhibition was attenuated in the CeAL neurons of NPW-/- mice. Moreover, the response of NPW-/- mice to either formalin-induced pain stimuli or a live rat (i. e., a potential predator) was abnormal only when they were placed in a novel environment: The mice failed to show the normal species-specific self-protective and aversive reactions. In contrast, the behavior of NPW-/- mice in a habituated environment was indistinguishable from that of wildtype mice. These results indicate that the NPW/NPBWR1 system could play a critical role in the gating of stressful stimuli during exposure to novel environments.
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Koenen, Laura Ricarda [Verfasser], and Sigrid [Akademischer Betreuer] Elsenbruch-Harnish. "Pain modality shapes neural mechanisms underlying learning and extinction of pain-related fear / Laura Ricarda Koenen ; Betreuer: Sigrid Elsenbruch-Harnish." Duisburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1200352823/34.
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Li, May, Keith Walsh, Sid Patanwala, and Eric Snyder. "Psychological and Genetic Predictors of Pain Sensitivity." The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614266.
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Class of 2013 AbstractSpecific Aims: To assess influence of PCS and FPQ-III on pain tolerance as well as SNPs TRPA1(rs11988795), COMT (rs4646312, rs6269) and FAAH(rs 932816, rs4141964, rs2295633). Methods: A Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and Fear of Pain Questionnaire (FPQ-III) were completed by a total of 89 healthy adults. A genetic analysis from cheek swabs was performed for single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) within genes: TRPA1, COMT, and FAAH. A cold-pressor test involving the non-dominant hand inserted in circulating water kept at 1-3 degrees Celsius was used and the duration of time subjects were able to leave their hand in the water (pain tolerance) was measured as the primary outcome. Linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of pain tolerance. Main Results: The subjects were 58% female, the majority were Caucasian (51%) with 26% Asian, 14% Hispanic and 9% other. The mean pain tolerance was 121 ± 66 seconds and regression analysis showed female sex (p=0.001), Asian race (p=0.001), PCS score (<0.001) and FPQ-III score (p=0.014) were associated with decreased pain tolerance while the SNPs were not. Conclusion: Psychological factors and patient demographics are associated with pain tolerance but the single nucleotide polymorphisms evaluated were not. Future pain studies should utilize a psychological assessment to adjust for this as a confounder.
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Rose, Michael John. "The prediction of outcome of an acute episode of low back pain using the Fear Avoidance Model of Exaggerated Pain Perception." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386892.
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Dehghani, Mohsen. "Cognitive behavioural models of chronic pain and the role of selective attention." University of Sydney. Psychology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/584.
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Cognitive-behavioural based models of chronic pain contend that appraisals of harm affect the individual�s response to pain. It has been suggested that fear of pain and/or anxiety sensitivity predispose individuals to chronicity. However, other factors such as pain self-efficacy are believed to mediate between experience of pain and disability. According to this view, pain is maintained through hypervigilance towards painful sensations and subsequent avoidance. Four studies were conducted in order to evaluate the structure of fear-avoidance models of chronic pain, and also, to examine the role of hypervigilance as an underlying mechanism in maintenance of pain. In study one, using a sample of 207 consecutive patients, two models were tested. First, fear of movement model as proposed by Vlaeyen et al. (1995a) was examined. It was found that negative affectivity has direct effects on the fear and avoidance of pain, which in turn, contributes to disability. In total, fear/avoidance accounted for a significant amount of the variance of disability. In addition, severity of pain was found to increase pain disability, while itself is influenced still by negative affectivity. These findings supported the model of fear of pain as described by Vlaeyen et al. (1995a). Further, we found that self-efficacy may mediate the impact of fear of pain on disability and reduces the perceived physical disability. At the same time, self-efficacy was shown to have direct reductive impact on disability. However, both studies indicated that people who are fearful in response to pain are more likely to develop disability, although self-efficacy may play a moderating role. In the studies one, two, and three, the role of hypervigilance in over attending to pain was investigated. In study one a large sample of 168 chronic pain patients were studied. Questionnaires measuring different aspects of pain and a computerised version of the Dot-Probe Task were administered. Four types of words related to different dimensions of pain and matched neutral words were used as stimuli. Reaction times in response to the stimuli were recorded. A factorial design 3x4x2x2 and ANOVAs were employed to analyse the data. Chronic pain patients showed a cognitive bias to sensory pain words relative to affective, disability, and threat-related words. However, contrary to expectations, those high in fear of pain responded more slowly to stimuli than those less fearful of pain. These results suggest that patients with chronic pain problems selectively attend to sensory aspects of pain. However, selective attention appears to depend upon the nature of pain stimuli. For those who are highly fearful of pain they may not only selectively attend to pain-related information but also have difficulty disengaging from those stimuli. In study two, 35 chronic pain patients were compared with the same number matched healthy subjects. Both groups completed measures of fear of pain, anxiety sensitivity, depression and anxiety, in addition to dot probe task. Results indicated that both groups show similar attentional bias to sensory words in comparison with other word types. However, the level of this biasness was higher for chronic pain patients. Lack of significant differences between patients and controls is discussed in the context of possible evolutionary value of sensitivity to pain as an adaptive reaction in healthy controls, and contrary, as a maladaptive response to pain in chronic pain patients. The results of the previous research suggest that chronic pain patients demonstrate cognitive biases towards pain-related information and that such biases predict patient functioning. The forth study examined the degree to which a successful cognitive-behavioural program was able to modify the observed attentional bias towards sensory pain words. Forty-two patients with chronic pain conditions for more than three months were recruited prior to commencing a cognitive-behavioural pain management program. Participants were assessed before the program, after the program and at one-month follow-up. Results confirmed that chronic pain patients exhibited biased attention towards sensory pain-related words at pre-treatment. These biases were still evident at post-treatment, but were no longer statistically significant at follow up. Multiple regression analyses indicated that the changes in attentional bias towards sensory words between post-treatment and follow-up were predicted by pre- to post- treatment changes in fear of movement (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia) but not other relevant variables, such as fear of pain or anxiety sensitivity. These results demonstrate that successful cognitive-behavioural treatments can reduce selective attention, thought to be indicative of hypervigilance towards pain. Moreover, these biases appear to be changed by reducing the fear associated with movement. Theoretically, these results provide support for the fear of (re)injury model of pain. Clinically, this study supports the contention that fear of (re)injury and movement is an appropriate target of pain management and that reducing these fears causes patients to attend less to pain-related stimuli.
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Biggs, Nicola Dawn. "Sensory discomfort or affective distress? : the role of fear and anxiety in children's pain experience." Thesis, Bucks New University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369382.
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Whitaker, Bernie. "The effects of distraction, relaxation, and guided imagery on procedural fear and pain in children." Thesis, Federation University of Australia, 2002. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/154269.
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The fear and pain of medical procedures are a source of great distress to children. Techniques such as distraction, relaxation and guided imagery help children to cope, and in some cases, have a marked influence on the experience of fear and pain during painful medical procedures. However, the effects, embedded in the relationships between consciousness, imagery, fear and pain, are unclear, particularly with regard to the clinical (as opposed to the laboratory) reality of procedural pain. The aim of this thesis was to empirically account for the therapeutic effects of distraction, relaxation, and imagery on procedural fear and pain in children and to offer a model based on a constructive view of experience allied to recent advances in neurophysiology that could account for the effects. Two studies were undertaken to address this aim. The first study investigated the effects of cartoon distraction on fear and pain in children undergoing venepuncture. The second study investigated the independent and combined effects of relaxation and imagery on fear and pain in children also undergoing venepuncture. The studies indicated that relaxation, distraction and imagery reduced procedural fear. Procedural pain was not affected by relaxation but distraction showed positive effects as did imagery, particularly if procedural pain was defined in terms of its sensory and emotional components. These effects are explained using a model based on a top-down constructivist view of the psychology and neurophysiology of fear, pain, imagery and consciousness. The neurophysiological components of the model comprised the amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex and association areas within a working memory view of consciousness. The constructivist perspective held that during relaxation the child’s cognitive, emotional and sensorial quality were largely based on the ‘reality’ of the procedure room, but that during imagery and perhaps distraction, the qualia were located elsewhere. The thesis concludes with the relevance of the model for clinical practice and implications for further psychological and neurophysiological research.Doctor of Philosophy
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Boersma, Katja. "Fear and avoidance in the development of a persistent musculoskeletal pain problem : implications for secondary prevention /." Örebro : University Library, Örebro university, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-110.
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Guck, Adam. "The Impact of Observational Learning on Physical Activity Appraisal and Exertion Following Experimental Back Injury and the Role of Pain-Related Fear." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011777/.
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Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is one of the most prevalent and disabling health conditions in the US and worldwide. Biomedical explanations of acute injury fail to account for why some individuals experience remission of pain and restoration of physical function while others do not. Pain-related fear, accompanied by elevated appraisals of physical exertion and avoidance of physical activity, has emerged as a central psychosocial risk factor for transition from acute injury to chronic pain and disability. Research has indicated that these pain-related factors may be maintained through observational learning mechanisms. To date, no studies have experimentally examined the role of observational learning and pain-related fear in the context of actual musculoskeletal injury. Accordingly, the present study examined the impact of observational learning and pain-related fear on activity appraisals and exertion following experimentally- induced acute low back injury. Healthy participants' appraisal of standardized movement tasks along with measures of physical exertion were collected prior to and following a procedure designed to induce delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) to the lower back. Following induction of DOMS, participants observed a video prime depicting CLBP patients exhibiting either high or low pain behavior during similar standardized movements. In line with hypothesized effects, participants assigned to the high pain behavior prime demonstrated greater elevation in pain and harm appraisals as well as greater decrement in physical exertion. Further in line with hypotheses, significant changes in appraisal and physical performance following the high pain behavior prime were only observed among participants endorsing high pain-related fear during baseline assessment. Discussion of findings addresses potential mechanisms of action as well as study limitations and direction for future research.
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Thompson, David. "Adjustment to chronic neck pain : the important role of cognitive factors." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/adjustment-to-chronic-neck-pain--the-important-role-of-cognitive-factors(11161f26-a707-40f9-9721-87b8cf2614c6).html.
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Chronic neck pain (CNP) is a common and disabling condition, accounting for substantial healthcare and societal costs. Previous studies have demonstrated that certain cognitive factors are related to levels of adjustment (levels of disability, pain and depression) in chronic pain conditions. However, this association has not been adequately explored in patients with CNP. The aim of study one was to determine the relationship between specific cognitive factors and levels of adjustment in participants with CNP. Furthermore, study two explored whether the relationship between the cognitive factors and levels of adjustment differed between those patients with idiopathic CNP and those with Chronic Whiplash Associated Disorder (CWAD). Finally, study three compared the efficacy of a physiotherapy led intervention, specifically designed to modify cognitive factors to a conventional physiotherapy intervention.Study one: Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed. Greater catastrophizing and lower functional self-efficacy beliefs were associated with greater levels of pain and disability. Additionally, lower functional self-efficacy beliefs were also associated with greater levels of depression. Study two: Data were dichotomised into two groups: those with CWAD and those with idiopathic CNP. T-tests were performed to compare differences in the cognitive scores and the same regression analyses as study one were performed for each sub-group. No significant differences existed between the two groups in terms of levels of pain, disability, depression or the cognitive factors. In both groups greater catastrophizing and lower functional self-efficacy beliefs were related to levels of disability. Likewise, lower self-efficacy beliefs were related to levels of depression in those participants with idiopathic CNP and those with CWAD. However, amongst those with idiopathic CNP, greater levels of catastrophizing and lower levels of pain vigilance and awareness were related to greater pain intensity. In contrast, amongst those with CWAD, none of the cognitive measures were significantly related to levels of pain intensity.Study three: Participants were randomly allocated to either a progressive neck exercise programme or an intervention which specifically targeted the modification of cognitive factors. T-tests revealed that treatment targeting cognitive factors resulted in greater improvements in pain and pain-related fear. Moreover, Χ2 tests revealed that a greater proportion of patients made clinically meaningful reductions in pain and disability in the group targeting cognitive factors. This thesis highlights that cognitive factors play an important role in determining levels of adjustment in patients with CNP. Furthermore, treatments designed to specifically target these factors result in superior clinical outcomes when compared to conventional physiotherapy interventions.
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Camarinha, Carlos Jorge Laranjo Souto. "Sedação Consciente em Medicina Dentária." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4450.
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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina DentáriaIntrodução: Embora atualmente haja uma maior preocupação pela procura do médico dentista, Portugal ainda é dos países da Europa com pior saúde oral. A dor é o principal motivo de procura de tratamentos odontológicos sendo contrariada pelo medo, ansiedade e falta de recursos. Devido à infeliz realidade atual, há necessidade de mudar os métodos de tratamento: recorre-se à sedação consciente. Objetivos: O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma revisão sobre o uso de sedação consciente em medicina dentaria, procurando a que melhor se adequa ao sucesso de um tratamento dentário. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão Bibliografia, baseada na informação obtida por pesquisa manual e on-line, no “Google Scholar”, “MEDLINE/PubMed”, “Science Direct”. As palavras-chave foram “Anxiety”, “Pain”, “Pain assessnet”, “Fear”, “Analgesia”, “Sedation”, “Conscious Sedation”, “Nitrous Oxide”. Resultados: Não foram definidos limites temporais, no entanto foram favorecidos os estudos e artigos datados entre 2000 e 2012, publicados em revistas indexadas. Por fim obtiveram-se 73 artigos que respeitam estes critérios de inclusão. Conclusão: Nos últimos anos, houve um crescente desenvolvimento cientifico e tecnológico na sedação, sendo a sedação consciente a que mais evoluiu. A introdução da sedação consciente em medicina dentária, aumentou os índices de sucesso e conforto antes, durante e após os tratamentos odontológicos. Em relação aos materiais utilizados na sedação foram descritos, óxido nitroso, oxigénio, diazepam, midazolam. Desta revisão conclui-se que a mistura de óxido nitroso e oxigénio procedendo de benzodiazepinas, é a mistura que reúne os melhores resultados, físicos, psico-emocionais além de reduzir o tempo de atendimento e aumento de produtividade durante o procedimento odontológico, sendo viável, eficaz, diminuindo o desgaste físico, mental do médico dentista, levando ao conforto e tranquilidade dos pacientes. Introduction: Although, actually, there is a bigger concern to find the dentist doctor, Portugal is still one of Europe’s country with the worst dental health. Pain is the main issue to find dental treatments, being “fear”, anxiety and lack of resources even more important than the first. Due to the unfortunate reality that we live in, there is a need to change the methods of the treatment, so actually some use the “conscious sedation”. Objectives: The purpose of this work is to review the use of “conscious sedation” in dental medicine, searching the best one to the success of dental treatment. Methods and Materials: It was performed a literature review, based on the information obtained by manual search and on-line search, on “Google Scholar”, “ MEDLINE/PubMed”, “Science Direct”. The Key words were “ Anxiety”, “Pain”, “Pain Assessment”, “ Fear”, “ Analgesia”, “ Sedation”, “ Conscious Sedation”, “Nitrous oxide”. Results: There was no time limits defined, however, some issues and articles dated between 2000 and 2013, published in refereed journals, were favored. Finally 73 articles witch meet the criteria of inclusion were obtained. Conclusion: Over the past years, there has been a growing scientific and technology development on sedation, been the “conscious sedation” the one that most evolve. The introduction of “conscious sedation” ins dental medicine, increased the levels of success and comfort before, during and after dental treatments. Regarding the materials used in this method, there is nitrous oxide, oxygen , diazepam and midazolam. This review concludes that the mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen, from benzodiazepines, is the one with the best physical and psycho emotional results, besides decreasing the time in attending and increasing productivity during the dental procedure, being viable, effective, decreasing the physical and mental effort of the medical dentist, taking the patient to a high level of comfort and tranquility.
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Boåsen, Linnéa, and Maja Olsson. "Röntgensjuksköterskans åtgärder för att lindra obehag vid insättning av perifer venkateter." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-82019.
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Bakgrund: Perifer venkateter (PVK) är det vanligaste invasiva ingreppet inom vården och något många patienter kan känna obehag inför. Känslor som framkallar obehag kan infinna sig hos patienten röntgensjuksköterskan möter. Syfte: Studien syfte var att sammanställa kunskap om åtgärder röntgensjuksköterskan kan vidta i samband med insättandet av en perifer venkateter för att lindra obehag. Metod: En litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats. Tio artiklar sammanställdes till ett resultat som kategoriserades efter artiklarnas innehåll. Resultat: Kategoriseringen resulterade i trygghetsskapande-, farmakologiska- samt medicintekniska och distraherande åtgärder. I dessa framgår vilka åtgärder sjuksköterskan kan vidta för att lindra obehaget i samband med insättandet av PVK. Slutsats: Resultatet visar att lindrande av obehag kan ske genom flertalet olika åtgärder. Vissa åtgärder kräver enbart röntgensjuksköterskans personkännedom och lyhördhet medan andra kräver medicinsk utrustning eller teknik.Background: PVC insertion is the most common invasive procedure in health care and many patients describe feelings of discomfort in connection to the procedure. Feelings of discomfort may appear in this meeting between radiographer and patient. Aim: The aim of the study was to compile the radiographer’s interventions in the procedure of PVC insertion to reduce discomfort. Methods: A general literature review with an inductive approach. Ten articles complied in the result and were categorized from the content of the articles. Results: The categorization resulted in three categories security-, pharmacological- and medically and distraction measures, describing the interventions that the nurse can use to ease the discomfort in the procedure involving a PVC. Conclusions: The results shows that easing the discomfort can be achieved in different ways. Some measures only need the radiographer’s personal knowledge and sensitivity while others require medical devices or technology.
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RIVA, PAOLO. "Antecedents and consequences of social and physical pain." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/18918.
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Pain overlap theories (Eisenberger & Lieberman, 2004; MacDonald & Leary, 2005) suggest that the detection of social threats has mapped onto the pre-existing neurological circuitry used to signal physical pain. Supporting this assumption, several studies have found that social pain activates brain regions known for their role in processing the unpleasantness of physical pain (e.g., Eisenberger, Lieberman & Williams, 2003). In this dissertation, considering the amount of physiological evidence for common brain responses to social and physical pain, I examine whether and how social and physical pain overlap in their psychological antecedents and consequences.
I first consider fear of pain as a common antecedent. In the medical literature on physical pain, the fear of pain—compared with other potential variables—emerges as one of the most relevant predictors of the perception of pain. Study 1a assesses whether fear of social and physical pain reflect unitary psychological dimensions related to, but still distinct from, each other. Study 1b investigates whether both fear of social and physical pain are associated with measures conceptually related to one of them. The findings show that fears of social and physical pain are two related—yet distinct—psychological dimensions. Likewise, I show that dimensions traditionally associated with fear of one type of pain have some degree of overlap with fear of the other type of pain. Then, to test a common antecedents hypothesis, Study 1c replicates previous findings, showing that the fear of physical pain can enhance the perception of physical pain. Likewise, I examine whether fear of social pain can enhance the perception of social pain. Study 1d shows that individuals with higher fear of social pain perceive social threats as more painful. Aside from supporting the common antecedents hypothesis, the present results also suggest a specificity effect in that each fear is able to predict its associated type of pain. Indeed, it emerges that fear of social and physical pain uniquely predict the perception of their associated pain. Taken together, these studies suggest that fear of pain play a significant role in accounting for why individuals vary in pain perception of social and physical threats.
Second, I examine whether social and physical pain overlap in the psychological consequences, specifically the threat of basic human needs (i.e., belonging, control, meaningful existence, self-esteem). Study 2a shows that recalling a past physical pain episode can be associated with memories of low self-esteem, poor control, and greater aggressive temptations, similar to recalling a socially painful episode. In Study 2b, a currently inflicted experience of pain results in lowering satisfaction on all the four needs tested for both physical and social pain and worsening affect, besides confirming the increase in aggressive temptations. It also emerges that both social and physical pain lead to feeling ignored and excluded. I also test a differential strength hypothesis which argues a greater need threat effect of social versus physical pain on the basic needs tested. In Study 2a, the intensity of pain associated with episodes of social and physical pain does not differ; nevertheless, social pain is associated with lower need satisfaction than physical pain. In Study 2b, even though participants in the physical pain condition report higher pain scores than those in the social pain condition, social pain still has a greater impact on need satisfaction. Moreover—providing convergent evidence of the specific tenacity of social pain—participants assigned to the social pain conditions not only report higher feeling of needs frustration, but they are also more tempted to act in ways to restore their frustrated needs. These results add evidence to the pain overlap theories, and suggest new ways to understand and manage pain.
Finally, moving from the empirical evidence provided across these six studies, I contend the overlap between social and physical pain extends beyond acute episodes, by proposing an integrative theoretical model that outlines the most relevant antecedents and consequences of the experiences of chronic social and physical pain. In terms of antecedents, my model suggests that both frequent and/or intense past painful events and insecure attachment styles are associated with the insurgence of persistent social and physical pain. Then, I propose that the same pattern of overlapping cognitive, affective and behavioral processes is involved in the maintenance of both types of pain. Specifically, I show how—at both the social and physical level—catastrophic appraisals of pain can give rise to pain-related fears that may in turn be associated with avoidance and disuse. In terms of consequences, the model focuses on the detrimental effect chronic pain has on individuals’ ability to self-regulate. Both forms of pain impair self-regulation on four fundamental domains: cognition, emotion, motivation, and interpersonal regulation. Additionally, both forms of pain persistently threaten four fundamental human needs: belonging, control, self-esteem, and meaningful existence. Implications for chronic pain conditions, as well as for the social psychological research and theories on pain are discussed.
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Holmström, Claudia, and Cecilia Ryderås. "The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on the Experience and Spreading of Pain." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-65589.
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Roaldsen, Kirsti Skavberg. "Factors influencing physical activity in patients with venous leg ulcer." Stockholm : Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 2009. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2009/978-91-7409-661-3/.
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Kedling, Ida, and Frida Lindgren. "Omvårdnadsinterventioners effekt på barns rädsla, oro och smärta vid vårdprocedurer : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-20812.
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Bakgrund: Av olika anledningar kan barn behöva uppsöka hälsocentraler och sjukhus där de genomgår vårdprocedurer av olika slag. Dessa vårdprocedurer kan leda till att barn upplever rädsla, oro och smärta. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva omvårdnadsinterventioners effekt på barns rädsla, oro och smärta vid vårdprocedurer samt beskriva undersökningsgruppen i inkluderade artiklar. Metod: En deskriptiv design användes för att besvara litteraturstudiens syfte och frågeställningar. Studien baserades på tolv vetenskapliga kvantitativa artiklar som framkom vid sökningar i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Huvudresultat: Föreliggande studie har visat att omvårdnadsinterventioner har haft lindrande effekt på barns rädsla, oro och smärta eftersom att de inkluderade artiklarnas resultat har påvisat statistisk signifikans. Effekterna har uppmäts genom barns självskattningar, föräldrars, sjuksköterskors och forskares observationsskattningar samt genom mätning av fysiologiska reaktioner. Slutsats: Resultatet i föreliggande studie har visat att omvårdnadsåtgärder kan lindra rädsla, oro och smärta hos barn vid vårdprocedurer. Omvårdnadsåtgärderna som framkommit i interventionsstudierna kan användas i den dagliga kliniska verksamheten inom hälso- och sjukvård eftersom att samtliga studier påvisat signifikant reducering av rädsla, oro eller smärta.Background: For various reasons, children may need to visit health care and hospitals where they undergo clinical procedures of various kinds. These procedures can cause the children to experiencing fear, anxiety and pain. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe nursing interventions effect on children’s fear, anxiety and pain during clinical procedures and to describe the samples in the included articles. Method: A descriptive design were used to respond to the aim and problem statements of the literature review. The study was based on twelve quantitative scientific articles found through search in PubMed and CINAHL. Result: The present study has shown that nursing interventions had relieving effects on the child's fear, anxiety and pain, for the included articles results has been shown statistical significance. The effects where measured by self-report of children, through observations made by parents, nurses and researchers and by measuring physiological responses. Conclusion: The results of the present study have shown that nursing interventions can alleviate children’s fear, anxiety and pain during clinical procedures. The nursing activities in the intervention studies can be used in daily clinical practice in health care, because all of the studies demonstrated significant reduction of fear, anxiety or pain.
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Marsac, Meghan L. "Relationships among Psychological Functioning, Dental Anxiety, Pain Perception, and Coping in Children and Adolescents." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1184029263.
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Friberg, Therese, and Marielle Mårtensson. "Omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan lindra obehag vid stickrädsla." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-10225.
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Stickrädsla förekommer bland personer i alla åldrar och kan i vissa fall leda till att den som är stickrädd undviker att uppsöka sjukvård, något som kan påverka personens hälsa. Eftersom blodprovstagningar, injektioner och infusioner utförs varje dag inom sjukvården finns risken att sjuksköterskan förr eller senare träffar på en vuxen person som är stickrädd. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan lindra obehag hos vuxna personer med stickrädsla. Resultatet från vetenskapliga publikationer pekar på att olika lindrande omvårdnadsåtgärder finns att tillgå. Studier visar att bemötandet från vårdpersonalen och psykoterapeutiska metoder kan ha betydelse för personer som är rädda för att bli stuckna. Information och undervisning innefattar omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan bidra till ökad självständighet och livskvalitet, när stickrädslan minskar. Även anpassning av medicinteknik och användning av lokalbedövande läkemedel kan dämpa upplevelsen av obehag för den som är stickrädd, vilket kan leda till att en behandlings följsamhet blir bättre. Genom kunskap om lindrande omvårdnadsåtgärder kan vårdpersonal reducera obehag för vårdsökande personer som upplever stickrädsla vid användning av kanyler. Därigenom kan vårdkvaliteten för den som är stickrädd öka och vårdkontakten bli en positiv upplevelse.Needle fear exists among people of all ages and might lead to avoidance of medical attention, which can affect the person's health. As blood tests, injections and infusions are performed on daily basis in healthcare, there is a possibility that nurses sooner or later will meet adults who are afraid of needles. The purpose of this study was to describe interventions that can ease discomfort for adults with fear of needles. The results of scientific publications indicate that different interventions are available. Studies show that the response from caregivers and psychotherapeutic methods may be important for people who are afraid of being stung. Information and education includes interventions that may contribute to a greater independence and quality of life, when needle fear decreases. Also adjustment of medical technology and use of local anesthetic drugs can reduce the experience of discomfort for those who are afraid of needles, which could lead to improvement of treatment adherence. Through knowledge of which interventions that can ease needle fear, caregivers can reduce discomfort for persons in need of care when cannulas are used. This increases healthcare quality, concerning those who are afraid of needles and the contact will become a satisfying experience.
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Ottosson, John, and Marina Jurakic. "Patienters upplevelser av att leva med cancerrelaterad smärta : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för vårdvetenskap på grundnivå, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-5328.
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Background: Cancer-related pain is a major problem worldwide. Studies indicate that patients do not get an adequate pain relief. This creates a large suffering and results in major problems for the patient and their families. In order to minimize this kind of suffering caregivers need to understand how cancer-related pain is experienced by these patients, what it does to them and how it impacts their daily life. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe patients´ experience of living with cancer-related pain. Method: The method used for this study was a qualitative literature study. Nine articles from 2002 to 2012 and from five different countries were analyzed. Results: The results of this study are presented in four main themes and ten subthemes. The main themes were: A feeling of powerlessness; Fears that limit; A change in daily life and Seeking for meaning and an end to the suffering. All themes and subthemes give a description of patients´ experience of living with cancer-related pain. Conclusion: It is a great suffering to have cancer and it is even a greater suffering experiencing pain on a daily basis. Despite this, some patients still could see their situation as something positive and wellbeing was created. The nurses’ role in this kind of situations is essential in order to understand what the patient is experiencing, how it impacts on the patient and its life and how wellbeing can be formed.
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Jurkaitė, Lina. "Mirties problema E. Levino ir A. Lingio fenomenologijoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_171257-44153.
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Mirties fenomenas telkia daug laukų Levino ir Lingio filosofijoje. Mirtis tai visiškas kitybės išsiveržimas. Levinas klausia ar mirtis paskelbta kito yra dar mano mirtis? Agonijos metu negali apie savo mirtį kalbėti kaip apie kito mirtį. Mirtis kaip įmanomybės neįmanomybė. Levino atsakomybės fenomenu pereinama prie kito. Atsakomybė už kito mirtį tiek, kiek ji susijusi su mano paties mirtimi. Levino mirties fenomenas naikina savastingumą. Lingis mąsto apie tuos, kurie visa palieka, apie tuos, kurie miršta. Jis išryškina, kad mirtis tai ne niekas, kuris pasireiškia mums mirties baime, bet pati nežinomybė. Mirtis kančių riba ir anapusybė. Kančioje, pagal Lingį, išsipildo žmogaus vienatvė, arba jo sąsajos su pačiu savimi, visas intensyvumas, jo tapatybės nepakeičiamumas. Pasikartojančios aplinkybės primena, kad artėja mirtis . Išryškina komunikacijos aspektus mirties fenomene.The phenomena of the death involves lost of fields in the philosophy of Levinas and Lingis. Death is an absoliute apearence of change. Levinas asks it the death anounced by another person is my daeth? During the periodo f the agony you can not talk about your awn death like about. Death of another person. Death is like possibility of impossibility. According to Levinas phenomena of responsibility we reach another phenomena. Each person is responsible for the death of another persona s much as it is connected with his death. The conception of Levinas death destroys moral aspects of personality. Lingis thinks about those who are leaving everyhing and about those who die. See emphasizes that death is nothing, which reveals itself by our fear of the death. But really it is something. That coeed not be explained. Death is a limits of sufferings and it is something beyond us according to Lingis lonliness of a human beingo r his connections with himself, all intensivity, unchanging of conception of yourself are revealed in suffering. Repeatedby occuring activities remind us that the death is approuching. Also Lingis emphasizes communicative aspects in the phenomena of death.
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Linnman, Clas. "Imaging Chronic Pain and Inflammation : Positron Emission Tomography Studies of Whiplash Associated Disorder." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9363.
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This thesis is on chronic neck pain after a rear impact car injury, so called whiplash associated disorder (WAD). Three empirical studies using positron emission tomography (PET) with different radioligands have been performed. The first study evaluated resting state regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in WAD patients and in healthy, pain-free controls, by use of oxygen-15 labeled water. Patients had heightened resting rCBF bilaterally in the posterior parahippocampal and the posterior cingulate gyri, in the right thalamus and in the right medial prefrontal gyrus. Attenuated tempero-occipital blood flow was also observed in the patient group as compared to healthy controls. Alterations in rCBF were related to patients’ neck disability ratings. Study I suggests an involvement of the posterior cingulate, the parahippocampal and the medial prefrontal gyri in WAD. This altered resting state neural activity may be linked to an increased self-relevant evaluation of pain and stress. The second study evaluated central expression of the neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor in WAD patients and healthy controls. Using a carbon-11 labeled specific NK1 antagonist, the receptor availability was measured. Patients displayed lowered NK1 receptor availability in the insula, anterior cingulate, frontal lobe, hippocampus, amygdala and in the periaqueductal gray matter, consistent with results from animal models of chronic pain. NK1 receptor availability was most reduced in the ventromedial orbitofrontal cortex, where attenuations were linearly related to patients fear and avoidance of movement. Thirdly, carbon-11 labeled D-deprenyl was used to investigate the presence of locally inflamed soft tissue in the cervical neck in WAD patients. Although the retention mechanism of [11C]D-deprenyl is not known, the results suggest that WAD patients have chronic inflammatory processes in the neck, most commonly in the adipose tissue at the spineous process of the second vertebra. In summary, this thesis provides evidence for altered central blood flow and receptor characteristics in WAD patients. Further, WAD patients may also have signs of persistent peripheral tissue damage. Both central and peripheral pain mechanisms have been demonstrated and visualized in patients with whiplash associated disorder.
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Johansson, Marija, and Carina Wahlström. "Barns rädsla och smärta i samband med cancerbehandling : En litteraturöversikt." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Life Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-565.
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Cancer är en sjukdom som drabbar människor i alla åldrar. Den är fortfarande en av de vanligaste dödsorsakerna bland barn och ungdomar. Smärtan hos barn har underskattats på grund av bristfällig kunskap och därför inte alltid behandlats på ett adekvat sätt. Syftet med studien är att sammanställa och belysa forskning som beskriver huruvida rädsla kan påverka barns upplevelse av smärta vid cancerbehandling samt beskriva vilka åtgärder som kan vidtas för att minska rädslan och därmed smärtupplevelsen. Metoden som används är en litteraturöversikt som grundar sig på forskning som finns inom området. Resultatet grundar sig på 20 vetenskapliga artiklar. Avgränsningen har gjorts från år 1989-2007. Artiklarna har valts ut genom kritisk granskning. Resultatet visar att de medicinska metoderna som används för att behandla cancer ofta skapar högre nivåer av rädsla hos barn än själva cancersjukdomen i sig. Smärtan kan leda till negativa upplevelser som kan orsaka mer rädsla och smärta. Resultatet visar också att med hjälp av olika åtgärder kan rädslan minskas och därmed även smärtupplevelsen.
Cancer is a disease that affects mankind, regardless of age. It is still one of the most common causes of death among children and adolescents. Children’s pain has been underestimated due to lack of knowledge and therefore inadequately treated. The aim of this study is to compile and illustrate research that describes whether fear can affect children’s experience of pain related to cancer treatment as well as describing measures taken to decrease fear and the pain experience. The method used is a literature review based on research within this area. The result is based on twenty scientific articles. The delimitation has been done between the years 1989-2007. The articles have been chosen by critical review. The result shows that the medical methods used for cancer treatment often produce higher levels of fear among children than the cancer disease itself. The pain can cause negative experience that might cause more fear and pain. The result also shows that if you diminish fear by the use of different methods a decrease of pain experience could be accomplished as well.
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Åkerström, Mona-Lisa. "Samband mellan arbetsgrad och kinesiofobi hos vuxna individer med långvarig smärta och förändring av dessa variabler efter fyra veckors smärtrehabilitering." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sjukgymnastik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-139233.
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ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of the study was threefold. Firstly, to investigate if a four week program in pain rehabilitation had any effect on how much individuals with persistent pain worked and their degree of kinesiophobia. Secondly, to study if there was a correlation between how much these individuals worked and their degree of kinesiophobia. Thirdly, to study if there was a correlation between the change in these variables. Method: 112 patients who had participated in a four week rehabilitation program took part in the study. The study had a retrospective design, which was based on a review on medical records and consisted of three minor parts. The first part had a quasi-experimental comparative design and the other two parts had non-experimental cross-sectional correlative designs. Kinesiophobia was analyzed with the Swedish version of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-SV). How much a patient was working was measured in percent. Results: Both work status and kinesiophobia had improved significant in every measurement. The highest improvement in the variable of kinesiophobia was discovered by the end of the program in pain rehabilitation and by the twelve month follow-up in the variable about how much patients was working. Analysis with Spearman’s rang correlation coefficient showed a weak statistical significant correlation between how much individuals work and their degree of kinesiophobia in the twelve months follow-up. There was however no statistical significant correlation between the change of how much individuals worked and the change of their degree of kinesiophobia, neither in the two nor in the twelve months follow-up. Conclusions: This is one of the first studies that have been done who investigate the correlation between kinesiophobia and how much individuals with persistent pain are working and it shows that there is a need to continue to investigate the correlation between them, both for the individual as well as for the society in general and if possible also study what importance self-efficacy has in this context.
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Lundblad, Åse, and Baluchi Monireh Dadvar. "Sjuksköterskans möjligeter att lindra rädsla och smärta hos barn i samband med smärtsamma procedurer inom sjukvården : En Litteraturbserad studie." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-9084.
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Bakgrund: Barn som besöker sjukhus och andra vårdinrättningar förknippar ofta vistelsen med undersökningar och behandlingar. De ofta rädda för det okända och för att inte veta vad som ska hända. Det kan bero på den annorlunda miljön och på möten med nya främmande ansikten. Om dessa procedurer också är förknippade med smärta kan barnen riskera att utveckla ökad stress och rädsla inför kommande procedurer Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien är att belysa sjuksköterskans möjligheter att lindra rädsla och smärta hos barn i samband med smärtsamma behandlingar och procedurer inom sjukvården Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på 24 vetenskapliga artiklar och 2 doktorsavhandlingar. Resultat: Ur analysen av datamaterialet har två huvudteman identifierats. Resultatet visar att ”faktorer som lindrar rädsla och smärta” och ”faktorer som påverkar smärtbedömning, rädsla och smärta” är områden som har stor betydelse för barn som genomgår smärtsamma behandlingar eller procedurer inom sjukvården. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor behöver uppmärksamma och förstå barns kognitiva utveckling, mognad och behov samt skapa kunskap om smärta och rädsla i samband med smärtsamma procedurer och behandlingar för att kunna utföra välavvägda omvårdnads- och medicinska behandlingar.Background: Children that visit hospitals and other care givers often connect their stay with medical treatments and examinations. They are also often forced into unpredictable and distressful situations of being exposed to the unknown, not knowing what will happen to them. This could be due to the unfamiliar surroundings or unknown faces they meet. If these procedures are connected to pain, the children are at risk of developing feelings of increased stress and fear in relation to future procedures. Aim: The aim of this literature review is to illuminate nurse’s possibilities to reduce fear and pain in connection to painful treatments and procedures in health care. Method: A literature review based on 24 scientific articles and 2 doctoral theses. Results: Through the analysis of the data two main themes were identified: "factors that alleviate fear and pain" and "factors affecting pain assessment, fear and pain". These themes are areas that have significant impact in children undergoing painful procedures and treatments in health care. Conclusion: Nurses need to be attentive to children’s cognitive development, maturity and needs. They also have to become better to develop knowledge about fear and pain associated with painful procedures and treatments in order to increase the quality of care within this context.
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Giles, Clover. "A replicated, single case, feasibility study of group cognitive behavioural therapy+ for provoked vulvodynia." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-73359.
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Gyllfeldt, Anna, and Katharina Hallenheim. "Stickrädda patienter - En fenomenologisk studie av några patienters upplevelser av stickfobi." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25897.
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Gyllfeldt, A & Hallenheim, K. Stickrädda patienter – En fenomenologisk studie av några patienters upplevelser av stickfobi. Examensarbete i omvårdnad 15 poäng. Malmö högskola: Hälsa och Samhälle, Utbildningsområde omvårdnad, 2009.Blodprovstagning och injektioner är en stor del av sjuksköterskans arbete. Då många upplever obehag i samband med sticksituationer och i synnerhet de som lider av stickfobi, vill vi uppmärksamma hur sjuksköterskan kan hjälpa dessa patienter bättre.Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur patienter med stickrädsla upplever en vårdsituation där injektioner ges eller prover tas via ven eller kapillär.Metod: Vi har använt en deskriptiv fenomenologisk intervjumetod som beskrivs av Giorgi för insamling av data och analys. Djupintervjuer med tre informanter som anger sig själva som stickrädda har genomförts. Resultat: Det centrala resultatet i studien beskriver hur viktigt det är att behandlande sjuksköterskor bemöter stickrädda patienter med respekt och förståelse för deras situation. Sköterskan bör vara lyhörd och anpassa vården till varje enskild individs behov.Nyckelord: Bemötande, deskriptiv fenomenologisk metod, lyhördhet, obehag, smärta, stickrädsla, ångest.Gyllfeldt, A & Hallenheim, K. Fear of needles – A phenomenological study of lived experiences of needle phobia. Degree Project, 15 credit points. Nursing Programme, Malmö University: Health and Society: Department of Nursing, 2009.Blood sample taking and injections is a part of the nurses´ work. Many patients feel discomfort, especially patients with needle phobia, while taking blood samples. This is the reason why nurses have to pay attention to this group of patients.The aim of the study was to describe how patients experience healthcare related situations where injections are given or vein or capillary samples are taken.Method: We have used the descriptive phenomenological scientific method described by Giorgi. Collection of data was done by the use of in-deep interviews with three informants that have described themselves as needle phobic. Results: An important aspect of the phenomenon needle phobia deals with the significance treating patients with respect and that the nurse understands their situation. The nurse should be perceptive and adapt the care to every patient’s needs.Keywords: Anxiety, the descriptive phenomenological scientific method discomfort, needle fear, pain, perceptiveness, treatment.
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Stense, Katarina, and Lisa Ekedahl. "Omvårdndsåtgärder för att förebugga och hantera sjukvårdsrädsla hos barn : en litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-4145.
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SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund Många barn besöker sjukvården varje år och det kan vara en plats som upplevs skrämmande. Medicinska moment som omfattar procedurer med kanyler är förekommande och en av de vanligaste källorna till smärta, ångest och rädsla. Känslorna är individuella och om inte barns sjukvårdsrädslor tas på allvar så kan det påverka barns välbefinnande och framtida sjukvårdsbesök. Barns reaktioner och hantering av rädslor påverkas av barns mognadsgrad och utveckling. Samtidigt är familjen viktig och det är familjen som de flesta barnen tyr sig till för trygghet. Då grundutbildade sjuksköterskor kommer i kontakt med barn inom sjukvården så ses det värdefullt att även de har kunskap kring barns sjukvårdsrädslor. Syfte Syftet var att belysa omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan förebygga och hantera sjukvårdsrädsla hos barn. Metod Metoden för arbetet var en icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt där författarna använt artiklar med kvantitativ samt kvalitativ metod. Databassökningar gjordes i CINAHL och PubMed. Sammanlagt består resultatdelen av 15 artiklar som kvalitetsgranskats utifrån Sophiahemmet Högskolas bedömningsunderlag och artiklarna analyserades med en integrerad analysmetod. Resultat Resultatet av litteraturöversikten presenteras i fem kategorier som redovisar barns erfarenheter och upplevelser av hälso- och sjukvården, vilka i olika hög grad besvarar hur omvårdnadsåtgärder kan anpassas för att förebygga och hantera sjukvårdsrädsla: Stödja copingstrategier, Information, Distraktion, Underlätta hantering av känslor samt Uppmärksamma föräldrars närvaro. Slutsats Resultatet visar att barn efterfrågar och är i behov av distraktion, information och undervisning i självhantering för att lättare hantera känslomässiga situationer. Resultatet visar att barn behöver känna trygghet och många barn vill ha en förälder närvarande för att uppleva den känslan, vilket betonar behovet av att använda familjefokuserad omvårdnad. Omvårdnadsåtgärderna som beskrivits i resultatet är en blandning av bland annat tekniska hjälpmedel, musik och lek, med syfte att informera, förbereda, distrahera samt underlätta barns hantering av känslor. Med stöd av de omvårdnadsåtgärder som barn behöver kan sjuksköterskor förebygga samt hantera sjukvårdsrädslor och göra det lättare för barn att känna trygghet i sjukvården.ABSTRACT Background Many children seek healthcare every year and it can be a place that is perceived as unknown. Medical procedures that include needles are common and also one of the most usual sources of pain, anxiety and fear. These feelings are individual and if children's healthcare fears are ignored, it can affect the children's well-being and future healthcare visits. Children's reactions and fear management are affected by children's maturity and development. Family is important and it is the family that children turn to for safety. As undergraduate nurses come into contact with children in healthcare, it is seen as valuable that they also have knowledge about children's healthcare fears. Aim The purpose was to shed light on nursing measures that can prevent and manage fear of healthcare in children. Method The method for the work was a non-systematic literature review where the authors used articles with quantitative and qualitative methods. Database searches were performed in CINAHL Complete and PubMed. In total, the results consist of 15 articles that were quality examined on the basis of Sophiahemmet's assessment data and the articles were analyzed through an integrated analysis method. Result The results of the literature review are presented in five categories that report children's perception and experiences of health care, which to varying degrees answer how nursing measures can be adapted to prevent and treat healthcare fears:Support coping strategies, Information, Distraction, Facilitate emotion management and Attention to the presence of parents Conclusion The results show that children demand and are in need of distraction, information and teaching in self-management to more easily deal with pain, anxiety and fears. The results also show that children need to feel safe and many children want a parent present to experience that feeling, which emphasizes the need to use family-focused care. The nursing measures as described in the results are a mixture of technical aids, music and play, with the aim of informing, preparing and distracting children. With the support of nursing measures that children prefer, nurses can prevent and treat healthcare fears and make it easier for children to feel secure.
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Stense, Katarina, and Lisa Ekedahl. "Omvårdndsåtgärder för att förebygga och hantera sjukvårdsrädsla hos barn : en litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-4145.
Full textAbstract:
SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund Många barn besöker sjukvården varje år och det kan vara en plats som upplevs skrämmande. Medicinska moment som omfattar procedurer med kanyler är förekommande och en av de vanligaste källorna till smärta, ångest och rädsla. Känslorna är individuella och om inte barns sjukvårdsrädslor tas på allvar så kan det påverka barns välbefinnande och framtida sjukvårdsbesök. Barns reaktioner och hantering av rädslor påverkas av barns mognadsgrad och utveckling. Samtidigt är familjen viktig och det är familjen som de flesta barnen tyr sig till för trygghet. Då grundutbildade sjuksköterskor kommer i kontakt med barn inom sjukvården så ses det värdefullt att även de har kunskap kring barns sjukvårdsrädslor. Syfte Syftet var att belysa omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan förebygga och hantera sjukvårdsrädsla hos barn. Metod Metoden för arbetet var en icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt där författarna använt artiklar med kvantitativ samt kvalitativ metod. Databassökningar gjordes i CINAHL och PubMed. Sammanlagt består resultatdelen av 15 artiklar som kvalitetsgranskats utifrån Sophiahemmet Högskolas bedömningsunderlag och artiklarna analyserades med en integrerad analysmetod. Resultat Resultatet av litteraturöversikten presenteras i fem kategorier som redovisar barns erfarenheter och upplevelser av hälso- och sjukvården, vilka i olika hög grad besvarar hur omvårdnadsåtgärder kan anpassas för att förebygga och hantera sjukvårdsrädsla: Stödja copingstrategier, Information, Distraktion, Underlätta hantering av känslor samt Uppmärksamma föräldrars närvaro. Slutsats Resultatet visar att barn efterfrågar och är i behov av distraktion, information och undervisning i självhantering för att lättare hantera känslomässiga situationer. Resultatet visar att barn behöver känna trygghet och många barn vill ha en förälder närvarande för att uppleva den känslan, vilket betonar behovet av att använda familjefokuserad omvårdnad. Omvårdnadsåtgärderna som beskrivits i resultatet är en blandning av bland annat tekniska hjälpmedel, musik och lek, med syfte att informera, förbereda, distrahera samt underlätta barns hantering av känslor. Med stöd av de omvårdnadsåtgärder som barn behöver kan sjuksköterskor förebygga samt hantera sjukvårdsrädslor och göra det lättare för barn att känna trygghet i sjukvården.ABSTRACT Background Many children seek healthcare every year and it can be a place that is perceived as unknown. Medical procedures that include needles are common and also one of the most usual sources of pain, anxiety and fear. These feelings are individual and if children's healthcare fears are ignored, it can affect the children's well-being and future healthcare visits. Children's reactions and fear management are affected by children's maturity and development. Family is important and it is the family that children turn to for safety. As undergraduate nurses come into contact with children in healthcare, it is seen as valuable that they also have knowledge about children's healthcare fears. Aim The purpose was to shed light on nursing measures that can prevent and manage fear of healthcare in children. Method The method for the work was a non-systematic literature review where the authors used articles with quantitative and qualitative methods. Database searches were performed in CINAHL Complete and PubMed. In total, the results consist of 15 articles that were quality examined on the basis of Sophiahemmet's assessment data and the articles were analyzed through an integrated analysis method. Result The results of the literature review are presented in five categories that report children's perception and experiences of health care, which to varying degrees answer how nursing measures can be adapted to prevent and treat healthcare fears:Support coping strategies, Information, Distraction, Facilitate emotion management and Attention to the presence of parents Conclusion The results show that children demand and are in need of distraction, information and teaching in self-management to more easily deal with pain, anxiety and fears. The results also show that children need to feel safe and many children want a parent present to experience that feeling, which emphasizes the need to use family-focused care. The nursing measures as described in the results are a mixture of technical aids, music and play, with the aim of informing, preparing and distracting children. With the support of nursing measures that children prefer, nurses can prevent and treat healthcare fears and make it easier for children to feel secure.