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Journal articles on the topic 'Fe-Co-W alloys'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 21 September 2022

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1

Nakajima, Kenya, Marc Leparoux, Hiroki Kurita, Briac Lanfant, Di Cui, Masahito Watanabe, Takenobu Sato, and Fumio Narita. "Additive Manufacturing of Magnetostrictive Fe–Co Alloys." Materials 15, no. 3 (January 18, 2022): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030709.

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Fe–Co alloys are attracting attention as magnetostrictive materials for energy harvesting and sensor applications. This work investigated the magnetostriction characteristics and crystal structure of additive-manufactured Fe–Co alloys using directed energy deposition. The additive-manufactured Fe–Co parts tended to exhibit better magnetostrictive performance than the hot-rolled Fe–Co alloy. The anisotropy energy ΔK1 for the Fe–Co bulk, prepared under a power of 300 W (referred to as bulk−300 W), was larger than for the rolled sample. For the bulk−300 W sample in a particular plane, the piezomagnetic constant d was large, irrespective of the direction of the magnetic field. Elongated voids that formed during additive manufacturing changed the magnetostrictive behavior in a direction perpendicular to these voids. Magnetic property measurements showed that the coercivity decreased. Since sensors should be highly responsive, Fe–Co three-dimensional parts produced via additive manufacturing can be applied as force sensors.

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2

Bobanova, Zhanna, Vladimir Petrenko, Natalia Tsyntsaru, and Alexandr Dikusar. "Leveling Power of Co-W and Fe-W Electrodeposited Coatings." Key Engineering Materials 813 (July 2019): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.813.248.

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The leveling power of gluconate and citrate electrolytes used to obtain the Co-W and Fe-W alloys was studied. The leveling power parameter P was calculated according to the results of profilographic measurements of microprofile carried out before and after deposition of the coating on surface. It was shown that deposition of said alloys occurs with preferential coating thickness increase on microprofile peaks and low microlevelling power.

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3

Mashimo, Tsutomu, Xu Fan, and Xin Sheng Huang. "Metastable Transition-Metal System Bulk Alloys Prepared by MA and Shock Compression." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 1937–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.1937.

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Mechanical alloying (MA), super cooling process, etc. have been used to prepare amorphous phases, metastable solid solutions, nanocrystals, and so on. It is important to consolidate these powders for evaluating the physical properties, and for applications. On the other hand, shock compression can be used as an effective consolidation method for metastable material powders without recrystallization or decomposition. We had prepared metastable transition-metal system bulk alloys and compounds (Fe-Co, Fe-Cu, Fe-W, Co-Cu, Sm-Fe-N systems, etc) by using MA and shock compression. The Fe-Cu and Co-Cu metastable solid solutions showed a fit curve to the Slater-Pauling one. The Co-Cu metastable solid solution bulk alloy showed a magneto-resistance. The Fe-Co fine-grained bulk alloys show the higher coeicivity than that of molten alloy. In this paper, the preparation and magnetic properties of the metastable alloys (Fe-Co, Fe-Cu, Co-Cu systems) are reviewed, and the applications to materials science and engineering are discussed.

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4

Yar-Mukhamedova, G., M. Ved’, I. Yermolenko, N. Sakhnenko, A. Karakurkchi, and A. Kemelzhanova. "Effect of Electrodeposition Parameters on the Composition and Surface Topography of Nanostructured Coatings by Tungsten with Iron and Cobalt." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 22, no. 1 (March 26, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj926.

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The electrodeposition of binary and ternary coatings Fe-W and Fe-Co-W from mono ligand citrate electrolyte has been investigated. The Fe-Co-W coatings were formed from electrolytes, which composition differs in the ratio of the concentrations of the alloying components and the ligand content. The investigation results indicate a competitive reduction of iron, cobalt and tungsten, the nature of which depends both on the ratio of electrolyte components, and electrolysis parameters. The effect of both current density amplitude and pulse on off time on quality, composition and surface morphology of the galvanic alloys was determined. Coatings deposited on a direct current with a density of more than 6.5 A/dm2, crack and peel off from the substrate due to the inclusion of Fe (III) compounds containing hydroxide anions. The use of non-stationary electrolysis allows us to extend the working range of current density to 8.0 A/dm2 and form electrolytic coatings of sufficient quality with significant current efficiency and the content of the refractory component. The presence of the Co7W6, Fe7W6, α-Fe, and Fe3C phases detected in the Fe-Co-W deposits reflects the competition between the alloying metals reducing from hetero-nuclear complexes. The surface of binary and ternary coatings is characterized by the presence of spherical agglomerates and is more developed in comparison with steel substrate. The parameters Ra and Rq for electrolytic alloy Fe-W are of 0.1, for Fe-Co-W are 0.3, which exceeds the performance of a polished steel substrate (Ra = 0.007 and Rq = 0.010). These properties prospect such alloys as a multifunctional layer are associated with structural features, surface morphology, and phase composition.

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5

Sun, G. Y., G. Chen, and Guo Liang Chen. "Plastic Deformation Behavior of Bulk Metallic Glass Composite Containing Spherical Ductile Crystalline Precipitates." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 1943–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.1943.

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Mechanical alloying (MA), super cooling process, etc. have been used to prepare amorphous phases, metastable solid solutions, nanocrystals, and so on. It is important to consolidate these powders for evaluating the physical properties, and for applications. On the other hand, shock compression can be used as an effective consolidation method for metastable material powders without recrystallization or decomposition. We had prepared metastable transition-metal system bulk alloys and compounds (Fe-Co, Fe-Cu, Fe-W, Co-Cu, Sm-Fe-N systems, etc) by using MA and shock compression. The Fe-Cu and Co-Cu metastable solid solutions showed a fit curve to the Slater-Pauling one. The Co-Cu metastable solid solution bulk alloy showed a magneto-resistance. The Fe-Co fine-grained bulk alloys show the higher coeicivity than that of molten alloy. In this paper, the preparation and magnetic properties of the metastable alloys (Fe-Co, Fe-Cu, Co-Cu systems) are reviewed, and the applications to materials science and engineering are discussed.

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6

Ved', M., N. Sakhnenko, T. Nenastina, M. Volobuyev, and I. Yermolenko. "Corrosion and mechanical properties of nanostructure electrolytic Co-W and Fe-Co-W alloys." Materials Today: Proceedings 50 (2022): 463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.11.293.

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7

Belevskii, Stanislav, Serghei Silkin, Natalia Tsyntsaru, Henrikas Cesiulis, and Alexandr Dikusar. "The Influence of Sodium Tungstate Concentration on the Electrode Reactions at Iron–Tungsten Alloy Electrodeposition." Coatings 11, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11080981.

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The investigation of Fe-W alloys is growing in comparison to other W alloys with iron group metals due to the environmental and health issues linked to Ni and Co materials. The influence of Na2WO4 concentration in the range 0 to 0.5 M on bath chemistry and electrode reactions on Pt in Fe-W alloys’ electrodeposition from citrate electrolyte was investigated by means of rotating disk electrode (RDE) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) synchronized with electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). Depending on species distribution, the formation of Fe-W alloys becomes thermodynamically possible at potentials less than −0.87 V to −0.82 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The decrease in electrode mass during cathodic current pass in the course of CV recording was detected by EQCM and explained. The overall electrode process involving Fe-W alloy formation may be described using formalities of mixed kinetics. The apparent values of kinetic and diffusion currents linearly depend on the concentration of Na2WO4. Based on the values of partial currents for Fe and W, it was concluded that codeposition of Fe-W alloy is occurring due to an autocatalytic reaction, likely via the formation of mixed adsorbed species containing Fe and W compounds or nucleation clusters containing both metals on the electrode surface.

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8

Nagase, Takeshi, Mitsuharu Todai, and Takayoshi Nakano. "Development of Co–Cr–Mo–Fe–Mn–W and Co–Cr–Mo–Fe–Mn–W–Ag High-Entropy Alloys Based on Co–Cr–Mo Alloys." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 61, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 567–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.mt-mk2019002.

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9

Raghavan, V. "Co-Fe-W (cobalt-iron-tungsten)." Journal of Phase Equilibria 15, no. 5 (October 1994): 528–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02649408.

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10

Rao, A. Sambasiva, M. K. Mohan, and A. K. Singh. "Solidification behavior and microstructural characterization of Ni–Fe–W and Ni–Fe–W–Co matrix alloys." International Journal of Materials Research 109, no. 7 (July 12, 2018): 599–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/146.111647.

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11

Pawlik, Piotr. "Soft magnetic Fe–Co–Zr–W–B bulk glassy alloys." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 423, no. 1-2 (October 2006): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.12.031.

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12

Fernändez Guillermet, Armando. "Thermodynamic Calculation of the Fe-Co-W Phase Diagram / Thermodynamische Berechnung des Zustandsdiagramms Fe-Co-W." International Journal of Materials Research 79, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 633–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1988-791003.

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13

Zakharov, A. M., V. G. Parshikov, L. S. Vodop'yanova, and V. A. Novozhonova. "Phase equilibria in W-Fe-Co-Ni system alloys. I. Alloys containing 10% (Fe + Co + Ni) at 1400?1200�C." Soviet Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 25, no. 4 (April 1986): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00794413.

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14

Ivanova, G. V., N. N. Shchegoleva, V. V. Serikov, N. M. Kleinerman, and E. V. Belozerov. "Structure of a W-enriched phase in Fe–Co–Cr–W–Ga alloys." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 509, no. 5 (February 2011): 1809–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.10.046.

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15

Hussain, A., R. Akhter, W. A. Farooq, and M. Aslam. "Laser Surface Alloying of Ni-Co Electroplated Low Carbon Steel." Key Engineering Materials 442 (June 2010): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.442.137.

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Laser surface alloying of Ni-Co electroplated steel using 900 W CW CO2 laser to develop Fe-Ni-Co alloy on the surface is reported. Fe-Ni-Co alloys of different compositions are produced by varying the working speed from 0.25 m/min to 3m/min and laser spot size from 0.6 mm to 5mm. The development of microstructure in the melted zone is analysed in terms of composition variation and cooling rate. The microhardness of newly formed alloys reported here are three times higher as compared to base metal. Martensite is observed in the laser modified zone.

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16

Nakamura, Naoji, and Hakaru Masumoto. "Strain Gage Factor and Electrical Properties of Fe-Cr-Co-W and Fe-Cr-Co-Mo Alloys." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 51, no. 12 (1987): 1201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.51.12_1201.

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17

Noce, R. Della, A. V. Benedetti, M. Magnani, E. C. Passamani, H. Kumar, D. R. Cornejo, and C. A. Ospina. "Structural, morphological and magnetic characterization of electrodeposited Co–Fe–W alloys." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 611 (October 2014): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.05.157.

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18

Yamamoto, Keisuke, Yoshisato Kimura, and Yoshinao Mishima. "Precipitation Behavior and Phase Stability of Intermetallic Phases in Fe-Cr-W-Co Ferritic Alloys." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 845–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.845.

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Precipitation behavior of intermetallic phases in ferrite matrix is investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in Fe-10Cr-1.4W-4.5Co (at%) alloys with and without 0.3at%Si. It is intended to provide basic information for the alloy design of ferritic heat resistant alloys strengthened by intermetallic compounds. In the alloy containing Si, icosahedral quasicrytalline phase (I-phase) is found to precipitate during aging at 873K. It is confirmed that selected area diffraction (SAD) patterns of the precipitates exhibit two-, three- and five-fold symmetry and have diffraction spots in the positions related to the golden section. In the Si-free alloy, the R-phase precipitates instead of I-phase at 873K, and the Laves phase precipitates in both alloys during aging at higher temperature, 973K. The Laves phase formed at 973K transforms to the I-phase in the Si-added alloy but to the R-phase in the Si-free alloy during subsequent aging at 873K. The factors in controlling the phase stability of I-phase, R-phase and Laves phase precipitates in Fe-based alloys are discussed by the atomic size ratio and electron concentration factor (e/a).

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19

Girman, Vladimír, Maksym Lisnichuk, Daria Yudina, Miloš Matvija, Pavol Sovák, and Jozef Bednarčík. "Structural Evolution in Wet Mechanically Alloyed Co-Fe-(Ta,W)-B Alloys." Metals 11, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11050800.

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In the present study, the effect of wet mechanical alloying (MA) on the glass-forming ability (GFA) of Co43Fe20X5.5B31.5 (X = Ta, W) alloys was studied. The structural evolution during MA was investigated using high-energy X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and magnetic measurements. Pair distribution function and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy were used to characterize local atomic structure at various stages of MA. Besides structural changes, the magnetic properties of both compositions were investigated employing a vibrating sample magnetometer and thermomagnetic measurements. It was shown that using hexane as a process control agent during wet MA resulted in the formation of fully amorphous Co-Fe-Ta-B powder material at a shorter milling time (100 h) as compared to dry MA. It has also been shown that substituting Ta with W effectively suppresses GFA. After 100 h of MA of Co-Fe-W-B mixture, a nanocomposite material consisting of amorphous and nanocrystalline bcc-W phase was synthesized.

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20

Zhao, Xiu Juan, Chun Huan Chen, Yuan Sun, De Xin Yang, and Kohsuke Tagashira. "The Effect of Carbon Content in Filling Alloys on η Phase Formation in the Interface Zone of YG30 and Weld Bead." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 3309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.3309.

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The cemented carbide YG30 and steel 1045 were welded with Co-Fe-C filling alloys with different carbon contents by the tungsten-inert-gas (TIG) arc welding. η phase formation at the welding joints was investigated through scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The results show that the average composition of η phase is W-25, Fe-22, Co-19, C-24 (mass, %), which is a kind of carbide enriched by Fe, W，and Co. The amount of η phase formed near the interface of YG30 and weld bead is related to the C content in the filling alloy. Namely the amount of η phase decreases with the increasing of the C content in the filling metal. When the C content reaches to 0.8 wt%, no η phase forms. The reason of which is that the added C reduces and/or restrains the resolving of the WC that locates at the interface, so that inhibit the W and C to form η phase with Fe and Co. The existence of large-size η phase near the interface is mainly attributed to the aggregation of small size η phase with the unsolved WC due to the stir of liquid metal, and then growing up.

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21

Al-Zoubi, Noura. "Elastic Parameters of Paramagnetic Fe–20Cr–20Ni-Based Alloys: A First-Principles Study." Metals 9, no. 7 (July 17, 2019): 792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9070792.

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The single-crystal and polycrystalline elastic parameters of paramagnetic Fe0.6−xCr0.2Ni0.2Mx (M = Al, Co, Cu, Mo, Nb, Ti, V, and W; 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.08) alloys in the face-centered cubic (fcc) phase were derived by first-principles electronic structure calculations using the exact muffin-tin orbitals method. The disordered local magnetic moment approach was used to model the paramagnetic phase. The theoretical elastic parameters of the present Fe–Cr–Ni-based random alloys agree with the available experimental data. In general, we found that all alloying elements have a significant effect on the elastic properties of Fe–Cr–Ni alloy, and the most significant effect was found for Co. A correlation between the tetragonal shear elastic constant C′ and the structural energy difference ΔE between fcc and bcc lattices was demonstrated. For all alloys, small changes in the Poisson’s ratio were obtained. We investigated the brittle/ductile transitions formulated by the Pugh ratio. We demonstrate that Al, Cu, Mo, Nb, Ti, V, and W dopants enhance the ductility of the Fe–Cr–Ni system, while Co reduces it. The present theoretical data can be used as a starting point for modeling the mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steels at low temperatures.

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22

Chen, Chun-Liang, and Sutrisna. "The Effect of Mo and Dispersoids on Microstructure, Sintering Behavior, and Mechanical Properties of W-Mo-Ni-Fe-Co Heavy Tungsten Alloys." Metals 9, no. 2 (January 22, 2019): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9020111.

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W-Mo-Ni-Fe-Co heavy tungsten alloys were fabricated by mechanical alloying. The effects of Mo and oxide dipsersoids on the characteristics and properties of the model alloys were investigated. In this study, the W-Mo matrix and γ-Ni(Fe,Co) binder phase were further synthesized with Y2O3 by a secondary ball milling method. The results suggest that the microstructure and sintering behavior of the model alloys are strongly influenced by the dispersed oxide particles. The model alloys with the Y2O3 addition demonstrate grain refinement and uniform microstructure. The dispersed particles could act as an inhibitor for diffusion of tungsten atoms and grain growth, promoting the formation of solid state during sintering. Consequently, good densification, high hardness, and elastic modulus of alloys can be achieved.

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23

Ammar, Hany R., Subbarayan Sivasankaran, and Abdulaziz S. Alaboodi. "Investigation of the Microstructure and Compressibility of Biodegradable Fe-Mn-Cu/W/Co Nanostructured Alloy Powders Synthesized by Mechanical Alloying." Materials 14, no. 11 (June 4, 2021): 3088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14113088.

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In this research work, the nanostructured Fe-Mn (BM0), Fe-Mn-Cu (BM1), Fe-Mn-W (BM2), and Fe-Mn-Co (BM3) biodegradable alloys were successfully synthesized using mechanical alloying. The microstructure of the synthesized alloys was examined using XRD, SEM equipped with EDS, and HRTEM techniques. The results obtained based on these techniques confirmed the development of nanostructured BM0, BM1, BM2, and BM3 alloys and homogenous solid solutions with an even elemental dispersion. The compressibility of the synthesized alloys was investigated experimentally and empirically in the as-milled conditions and after applying a stress relief treatment (150 °C for 1 h). The load applied for compaction experiments ranged from 25–1100 MPa with a rate of 1 mm/min. According to the experimentation performed in the current study, the relative density of the as-milled BM0, BM1, BM2, and BM3 alloys was 72.90% and 71.64%, 72.32%, and 72.03%, respectively. After applying the stress relief treatment, the density was observed to increase to 75.23%, 77.10%, 72.65%, and 72.86% for BM0-S, BM1-S, BM2-S and BM3-S samples, respectively. A number of compaction models were tested to identify the optimum models for predicting the compressibility behavior of nanostructured Fe-Mn, Fe-Mn-Cu, Fe-Mn-W, and Fe-Mn-Co alloys in the as-milled and stress-relieved conditions.

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24

Kitajima, Yuri, Shigenari Hayashi, Shigeharu Ukai, and Toshio Narita. "The Effect of Additional Elements on Oxide Scale Evolution of Fe-20at.%Cr-10at.%Al Alloy at 900 °C in Air." Materials Science Forum 595-598 (September 2008): 1013–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.595-598.1013.

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The oxidation behavior of Fe-20at.%Cr-10at.%Al alloys with a small amount of an additional element such as W, Cu, Mn, Nb, Mo, Re, Co or Ti was investigated at 900 °C for up to 625hr. The fourth element addition to the FeCrAl alloy could be classified into two groups; elements (Mn, Nb, Ti) that are contained in the Al2O3 scale, and elements (W, Mo, Re, Co) which are not present in the scale. In the latter case, the elements (W, Cu) caused scale spallation. The rumpling of alloys with Mn, Nb or Ti was smaller than that of the other alloys. The surface of the alloy with Ti was the smooth. Pt marker experiments suggested that the Al2O3 scale formed on the alloy with Ti grew by inward diffusion of O, whilst the Al2O3 scale formed on the FeCrAl alloy grew by both outward diffusion of Al and inward diffusion of O. This different growth behavior due to the elements incorporated in the Al2O3 scale could have an effect on the surface rumpling behavior.

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25

Dvoretskov, R. M., А. V. Slavin, F. N. Karachevtsev, and Т. N. Zagvozdkina. "COMPARISONS OF THE NICKEL ALLOYS VZH172 AND VZHL21 REFERENCE MATERIALS KITS USING THE AES ICP METHOD." Proceedings of VIAM, no. 11 (2021): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-11-120-132.

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The procedure for comparing the kits of reference materials of nickel alloys VZh172 and VZhL21 is considered. Using the method of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma for analytical lines of elements Al, Co, Cr, Mo, Ti, W, Zr, Fe, Mn, calibration characteristics were constructed using by two kits of reference materials VZh172 and VZhL21. According to statistical criteria an assessment is made of the possibility of joint use of the kits when constructing general calibration characteristics using the method of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma for the simultaneous determination of elements Al, Co, Cr, Mo, Nb, Ta, Ti, W, Zr, Fe, Mn in nickel alloys.

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26

Tanaka, Katsushi, and Haruyuki Inui. "Effects of Alloying Elements on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Co-Al-W-Based L1₂/fcc Two-Phase Alloys." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 1195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.1195.

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The changes in the γ’ solvus temperature and the volume fraction of Co-Al-W based alloys with fcc / L12 two-phase microstructures upon alloying with quaternary elements have been investigated. All investigated quaternary elements, except for Fe and Re, increase the γ’ solvus temperatures of Co-Al-W based alloys with varying efficiencies depending on quaternary element. On the other hand, the variation of the γ’ volume fraction with alloying depends on the alloying element. Of the investigated quaternary elements, Ta is found to be the most effective in increasing the γ’ solvus temperature of Co-Al-W based alloys. The lattice mismatch significantly increase upon alloying with Ta of 4at.%, which destroys the coherent cuboidal structure.

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27

Moustafa, S. F., S. H. Kaitbay, and G. M. Abdo. "Liquid-Phase Sintering of Tungsten Heavy Alloys." Defect and Diffusion Forum 303-304 (July 2010): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.303-304.55.

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Elemental powders of tungsten, nickel, iron and cobalt of compositions corresponding to (W-3.2Ni-0.8%Fe), (W-3.5Ni-1.5%Fe), and (W-4.5Ni-1.0Fe-1.5%Co) were mechanically alloyed in a tumbler rod mill for 2 hrs. Mechanically alloyed powders were liquid phase sintered at 1500oC for 90 min in vacuum. The sintered materials were heated up to 1150-1200oC in vacuum atmosphere, followed by quenching in water to suppress the impurity segregated at grain boundary. The sintered materials were subjected to cold-working by swaging from 8-30% reduction in area. The swaged specimens were age-hardened at 700oC. Full characterization for both the elemental powders and the sintered tungsten alloys were performed using optical microscopy, SEM analysis, EDS quantitative analysis, X-ray diffraction, hardness and compression testing. This paper will discuss the effects of the elemental powders characterization and the liquid phase sintering parameters on the microstructure and strength of these three tungsten heavy alloys.

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28

Sambasiva Rao, A., Premkumar Manda, M. K. Mohan, T. K. Nandy, and A. K. Singh. "Microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of hot rolled and annealed Ni-Fe-W and Ni-Fe-W-Co matrix alloys." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 742 (April 2018): 937–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.01.336.

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29

Zakharov, A. M., A. V. Nikol'skii, V. G. Parshikov, and L. S. Vodop'yanova. "The phase composition of W-Fe-Co-Ni system alloys with 20% (Fe+Co+Ni) at 800 and 575�C." Soviet Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 30, no. 10 (October 1991): 880–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00795863.

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30

Ravi Kiran, U., U. Chinta Babu, H. K. Nandi, Rajdeep Sarkar, and T. K. Nandy. "Microstructure and mechanical properties of matrix alloy (Ni-Fe-Co-W) derived from tungsten heavy alloys." Materials Today: Proceedings 44 (2021): 2403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.462.

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31

Kaneko, Takeshi. "Effect of Co Addition on Mechanical Properties of Sintered W-Ni-Fe Alloys." Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 38, no. 7 (1991): 864–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.38.864.

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32

Ved', M., I. Yermolenko, Yu Sachanova, and N. Sakhnenko. "Refractory metals influence on the properties of Fe-Co-Mo(W) electrolytic alloys." Materials Today: Proceedings 6 (2019): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.10.084.

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33

Povarova, K. B., M. I. Alymov, O. S. Gavrilin, A. A. Drozdov, A. I. Kachnov, N. L. Korenovskii, and I. O. Bannykh. "Structure and properties of W-Ni-Fe-Co heavy alloys compacted from nanopowders." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2008, no. 1 (February 2008): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036029508010102.

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34

Ramesh, L., B. S. Sheshadri, and S. M. Mayanna. "Development of Fe-Co-W Alloys as Cathode Materials for Fuel Cell Application." Transactions of the IMF 76, no. 3 (January 1998): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1998.11871204.

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35

Ivanova, G. V., N. I. Shchegoleva, V. V. Serikov, N. M. Kleinerman, E. V. Belozerov, M. A. Uimin, V. S. Gaviko, and N. V. Mushnikov. "Structural transformations in high-strength magnetically hard Fe-Cr-Co-W-Ga alloys." Physics of Metals and Metallography 109, no. 5 (May 2010): 438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031918x10050042.

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Reichel, B., K. Wagner, D. S. Janisch, and W. Lengauer. "Alloyed W–(Co,Ni,Fe)–C phases for reaction sintering of hardmetals." International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 28, no. 5 (September 2010): 638–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2010.06.003.

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Raghavan, V. "C-Co-Fe-Ni-W (Carbon-Cobalt-Iron-Nickel-Tungsten)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 28, no. 3 (May 9, 2007): 284–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-007-9070-5.

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Uriciuc, Willi Andrei, Adina Bianca Boșca, Anida-Maria Băbțan, Horațiu Vermeșan, Cecilia Cristea, Mihaela Tertiș, Petru Pășcuță, et al. "Study on the Surface of Cobalt-Chromium Dental Alloys and Their Behavior in Oral Cavity as Cast Materials." Materials 15, no. 9 (April 22, 2022): 3052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093052.

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This study presents the correct processing of Co–Cr alloys as a method of preserving the properties of the materials as-cast, and therefore they can be safely placed in contact with the oral cavity tissues as resistance frameworks. The basic materials analyzed in this study were five commercial Co–Cr dental alloys with different components obtained in three processing steps. The analysis of the electrochemical behavior at the surface of the Co–Cr alloys was performed by electrochemical measurements: impedance spectroscopy (EIS), open circuit electrical potential (OCP), and linear polarization (LP). In terms of validation, all five alloys had a tendency to generate a stable oxide layer at the surface. After the measurements and the graphical representation, the alloy that had a higher percentage of tungsten (W) and iron (Fe) in composition showed a higher tendency of anodizing. After the application of the heat treatment, the disappearance of the hexagonal phase was observed, with the appearance of new phases of type (A,B)2O3 corresponding to some oxide compounds, such as Fe2O3, Cr2O3, (Cr,Fe)2O3, and CoMnO3. In conclusion, the processing of Co–Cr alloys by melting and casting in refractory molds remains a viable method that can support innovation, in the context of technology advance in recent years towards digitalization of the manufacturing process, i.e., the construction of prosthetic frameworks conducted by additive methods using Co–Cr powder alloy.

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Premkumar, M., U. Ravikiran, M. Sankaranarayana, T. K. Nandy, and A. K. Singh. "Evolution of Textures during Cold Rolling of W-26Ni-26Fe-13Co and W-28Ni-12Fe-10Co Alloys." Materials Science Forum 702-703 (December 2011): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.702-703.295.

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Present work describes the evolution of microstructure and texture in W-26Ni-26Fe-13Co and W-28Ni-12Fe-10Co alloys during cold rolling. These alloys consist of two phases i.e. W-base (bcc) and matrix (fcc) in sintered and cold rolled conditions. Microchemistry obtained by electron Probe Micro Analyser (EPMA) clearly indicates that the extent of alloying is very less in W phase. The matrix phase mainly consists of Ni, Fe Co and W. The development of texture in both the W and matrix during cold rolling has been described in terms of α, γ and β fibres for bcc and fcc phases, respectively.

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Yua, W. Q., and L. P. Lu. "CRYSTALLIZATION PROCESSES OF SOME AMORPHOUS ALLOYS." Materials and Corrosion Engineering Management 1, no. 2 (July 14, 2020): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/macem.02.2020.35.38.

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A series of Fe40Co40Zr8M2B10 (M=Nb, V, Cr, Ti, W, Al) alloys were prepared using melt-spinning. The thermal curve, structure and magnetic property of alloys are examined. Because of different negative heat of mixing between elements, only Fe40Co40Zr8M2B10 (M=Nb, V, Cr, Ti) alloys form amorphous structure. These amorphous alloys are annealed at different temperatures under vacuum conditions. The crystallization processes of four amorphous alloys are similar. In the primary stage of crystallization process, only α-Fe (Co) phase precipitates and Co element mainly distributes in the residual amorphous. For the four alloys after annealing at 550°C, there is a few differences in saturation magnetization (Ms) and coercivity (Hc) due to their different microstructures.

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41

Prüβner, K., K. B. Alexander, B. A. Pint, P. F. Tortorelli, and I. G. Wright. "Interfacial Segregation in Oxide Scales on Nicrai-Based Alloys." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (August 1997): 785–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600010813.

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Previous studies addressing the segregation of reactive elements in protective oxide scales and their beneficial effect on scale adhesion have primarily concentrated on primary alumina-formers (e.g. β-NiAl + FeCrAl).In our study the oxidation behaviour of three NiCrAl alloys, which form complex scales was studied in air at 1423 K and at 1473 K, both in isothermal (100 h) and in cyclic oxidation (100 x lh). The composition (in at.-%) of these alloys is the following: General Electric alloy René N5 (64.9 Ni, 7.8 Cr, 13.9 Al, 0.1 Fe, 2.1 Ta, 0.05 Hf, 1.6 W, 1.0 Re, 0.15 Si, 7.3 Co, 0.9 Mo, 0.003 Y, 0.003 Zr, 4 ppm S, 0.25 C), Ni-7Cr-6.5Al+Y (80.1 Ni, 7.2 Cr, 12.5 Al, 0.01 Fe, 0.14 Si, 0.012 Y, 18 ppm S, 0.05 C) and Ni-10Cr-10Al+Y (71.2 Ni, 9.9 Cr, 18.8 Al, 0.01 Fe, 0.02 Si, 0.041 Y, 16 ppm S, 0.04 C).

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Kaneko, Takeshi. "Effects of Ni/Fe Ratio and Co Addition on the Mechanical Properties of W-Ni-Fe Heavy Alloys." Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 38, no. 4 (1991): 540–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.38.540.

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Sarreal, J. A. "Metastable ordered austenite in rapidly solidified Fe-Al-C alloys." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 516–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010015455x.

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Conventionally cast Fe-Al-C alloys are extremely brittle containing combinations of ferrite, carbide and other phases. Rapid solidification has the potential of altering the microstructure to subsequently change the resulting mechanical properties. An apparent conflict exist concerning the effect of rapid solidification on the resulting microstructure of these alloys. Inoue and co-workers, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron diffraction analyses, reported the presence of several non-equilibrium phases including austenite (fcc - γ) and ordered austenite (Ll2-γ') structures on alloys containing 1.7 to 2.1 C and 6 to 12 Al in weight % (w/o) on melt spun ribbons 30 μm in thickness. Han and Choo, using x-ray diffraction analysis on 30-48 μm thick melt spun ribbons concluded that this ordered fee phase is rather an austenitic phase in which phase decomposition accompanied by sideband phenomenon had occured.Single roller melt spinning technique was used to make ribbons 35-70 μm thick and 0.5-5 mm wide. X-ray diffration analysis showed single phase austenite for samples 2-6 w/o AI and 2 w/o C. Samples with 8-10 w/o AI and 2 w/o C also showed several superlattice lines in addition to the fundamental fcc peaks.

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Chaurasia, Jitender, Muthuchamy Ayyapan, Paridh Patel, and Annamalai Raja. "Activated sintering of Tungsten heavy alloy." Science of Sintering 49, no. 4 (2017): 445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1704445c.

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In the present work, characterization of sintering behavior of Tungsten heavy alloy has been done through powder metallurgy route using Spark plasma sintering (SPS). Fine powder of Tungsten (<30 ?m) was separately mixed with Ni, Co, Fe, Mo and Cu each with 1 weight%. Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technique (1200?C, 20 MPa pressure with 1 min holding time) was used to sinter the mixed powders. The maximum density was observed in W-Ni followed by Co, Fe, Cu, Mo and with least in pure tungsten sample. Optical microscopy as well SEM was done to determine the microstructure and grain coarsening. Due to the short heating time very less grain coarsening was observed. Vickers hardness test was conducted which resulted in maximum hardness in case if W-1Fe SPS sample.

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45

Ding, L., D. P. Xiang, Y. L. Pan, and Y. Y. Li. "Mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of Mo–Co-co-strengthened W–Ni–Fe alloys by spark plasma sintering." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 712 (July 2017): 593–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.04.141.

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46

Belozerov, E. V., N. N. Shchegoleva, G. V. Ivanova, and N. V. Mushnikov. "Features of the Post-Deformation Hardening of Fe-Cr-Co Hard Magnetic Alloys with W and Ga Additives." Solid State Phenomena 152-153 (April 2009): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.152-153.54.

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The structure, mechanical and magnetic properties have been studied for Fe-Cr-Co-based hard magnetic alloys with W and Ga additives, subjected by the quenching and post-deformation hardening. The alloys combine the properties of the hard magnetic material with outstanding mechanical strength and plasticity. Using X-ray and electron microscopy analysis, the reasons and conditions of formation of these properties have been determined.

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47

Zhong, Xi-Chun, Xu-Tao Dong, Jiao-Hong Huang, Cui-Lan Liu, Hu Zhang, You-Lin Huang, Hong-Ya Yu, and Raju V. Ramanujan. "One-Step Sintering Process for the Production of Magnetocaloric La(Fe,Si)13-Based Composites." Metals 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12010112.

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A one-step sintering process was developed to produce magnetocaloric La(Fe,Si)13/Ce-Co composites. The effects of Ce2Co7 content and sintering time on the relevant phase transformations were determined. Following sintering at 1373 K/30 MPa for 1–6 h, the NaZn13-type (La,Ce)(Fe,Co,Si)13 phase formed, the mass fraction of α-Fe phase reduced and the CeFe7-type (La,Ce)(Fe,Co,Si)7 phase appeared. The mass fraction of the (La,Ce)(Fe,Co,Si)7 phase increased, and the α-Fe phase content decreased with increasing Ce2Co7 content. However, the mass fraction of the (La,Ce)(Fe,Co,Si)7 phase reduced with increasing sintering time. The EDS results showed a difference in concentration between Co and Ce at the interphase boundary between the 1:13 phase and the 1:7 phase, indicating that the diffusion mode of Ce is reaction diffusion, while that of Co is the usual vacancy mechanism. Interestingly, almost 100 % single phase (La,Ce)(Fe,Co,Si)13 was obtained by appropriate Ce2Co7 addition. After 6 h sintering at 1373 K, the Ce and Co content in the (La,Ce)(Fe,Co,Si)13 phase increased for larger Ce2Co7 content. Therefore, the Curie temperature increased from 212 K (binder-free sample) to 331 K (15 wt.% Ce2Co7 sample). The maximum magnetic entropy change (−ΔSM)max decreased from 8.8 (binder-free sample) to 6.0 J/kg·K (15 wt.% Ce2Co7 sample) under 5 T field. High values of compressive strength (σbc)max of up to 450 MPa and high thermal conductivity (λ) of up to 7.5 W/m·K were obtained. A feasible route to produce high quality La(Fe,Si)13 based magnetocaloric composites with large MCE, good mechanical properties, attractive thermal conductivity and tunable TC by a one-step sintering process has been demonstrated.

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Boukhobza, Abdelyamine, Kamel Fedaoui, Lahcene Mebarki, Karim Arar, and Lazhar Baroura. "Compaction and Heat Treatment Effects on the Structural and Mechanical Properties of Sintered Fe₃C-W-Co Alloys." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 52 (January 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.52.1.

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In this article, the 75Fe3C-20W-5Co alloy is developed by the powder metallurgy technique in order to study the microstructure and the mechanical properties obtained after solid phase sintering. The mechanical grinding of the mixture of these Fe3C-W-Co powders lasted 6 hours.The powders were compressed by cold isostatic pressing (CIP) at different compaction pressures (5MPa, 10MPa, 15MPa and 18MPa). The green compacts obtained were sintered at a temperature equal to 1350 °C, followed by a heat treatment at different temperatures (850 °C, 950 °C and 1100 °C). The samples were then cooled in different baths (oil and water). The characterization of this sintered steel alloy was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and with an optical microscope. The results reveal that the structure of these sintered alloys consisted of the Fe matrix phase and the W-Co solid solution phase. The compaction pressure influences the number and size of the pores. Hardness and wear resistance increase with increasing compaction pressure.

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Guillermet, Armando Fernändez. "The Co-Fe-Ni-W-C Phase Diagram: A Thermodynamic Description and Calculated Sections for (Co-Fe-Ni) Bonded Cemented WC Tools / Das Co-Fe-Ni-W-C Zustandsdiagramm: Eine thermodynamische Beschreibung und berechnete Schnitte für Co-Fe-Ni-gebundene Hartmetall-WC-Werkzeuge." International Journal of Materials Research 80, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1989-800204.

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50

Serikov, V. V., N. M. Kleinerman, A. V. Vershinin, E. V. Beloserov, N. V. Mushnikov, G. V. Ivanova, N. N. Shchegoleva, and Mikhail A. Uimin. "Effect of Alloying Elements on the Structure Peculiarities and Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Magnetic Fe-Cr-Co Based Alloys." Solid State Phenomena 168-169 (December 2010): 388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.168-169.388.

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Structure and mechanical properties of high-strength alloys on the basis of the Fe-Cr-Co system with W, Ga, Cu and Al additives have been investigated by the Mossbauer technique. It is shown that the magnitude of yield strength is independent of the dopants, whereas the relative elongation is controlled by the process of phase separation in the alloys which is dependent on additions.

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