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Kubba, Hassan Abdullah, and Yasser Falah Hassan. "A Real-Time Fuzzy Load Flow and Contingency Analysis Based on Gaussian Distribution System." Journal of Engineering 21, no. 8 (August 1, 2015): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2015.08.04.
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Fuzzy logic is used to solve the load flow and contingency analysis problems, so decreasing computing time and its the best selection instead of the traditional methods. The proposed method is very accurate with outstanding computation time, which made the fuzzy load flow (FLF) suitable for real time application for small- as well as large-scale power systems. In addition that, the FLF efficiently able to solve load flow problem of ill-conditioned power systems and contingency analysis. The FLF method using Gaussian membership function requires less number of iterations and less computing time than that required in the FLF method using triangular membership function. Using sparsity technique for the input Ybus sparse matrix data gives reduction in overall computation time and storage requirements. The performance of the used methods had been tested on two typical test systems being the IEEE 14-bus and 30-bus systems in addition to the 362-bus Iraqi National Grid. All the obtained results under normal operating conditions show that the computation time of the fuzzy Load Flow (FLF) is less than the fast decoupled load flow (FDLF).
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Krishna Praveen, D., ShaikHussain Vali, and Vempalle Rafi. "A Novel Fast Hybrid Frequency Domain Approach for Evaluating Harmonic Power Flow in Electricity Networks." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2070, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012134.
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Abstract Ideally, an AC power supply should constantly provide a perfectly sinusoidal voltage signal at every customer location. Nowadays, many power electronic equipment’s are used in industry in seeking higher system reliability and efficiency and more electronic or microprocessor controllers are used in power system to control AC/DC transmission lines or loads. Moreover, the importance of green energy such as wind and solar is continually growing in our societies not only due to environmental concerns but also to resolve the problem of access to electricity in rural areas. As a result of these issues, power quality problems especially generation of harmonics are on the rise in the distribution network. In electrical power system, harmonics have a number of undesirable effects on power system devices as well as on their operation. It therefore becomes imperative for power system engineers to analyse the penetration of harmonics from the various sources into the network which commonly is known as harmonic power flow evaluation. This paper proposed a novel fast hybrid frequency domain approach (FHA) to evaluate the steady state harmonic power flow with discrete harmonic frequency. The proposed method is applied to IEEE – 14 bus, IEEE New England 39 - bus, IEEE – 57 bus and IEEE 118 - bus power system respectively and compared with Newton – Raphson (NR) load flow method and Fast decoupled load flow method (FDLF) and the results validate the accuracy, robustness and authenticity of the proposed method.
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Campbell, Graeme, Michelle Lake, and Catherine McGoveran. "Investigating the Persistence of Federal Government Publications in Academic Former Full Depository Libraries in Canada." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 18, no. 1 (March 16, 2023): 24–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip30203.
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Objective – The Depository Services Program (DSP) provided printed Government of Canada publications to libraries until the termination of its distribution program in 2013. Full Depository Libraries (FDLs) received all eligible publications distributed by the DSP automatically. This study endeavours to determine whether academic library members of the Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL) that were formerly FDLs have maintained their print, federal government holdings since 2013; and what the results of the data collected in this study reveal about access to government information in Canada more broadly. Methods – The study identified a sample of 100 monographs distributed to FDLs via the DSP between 1979 and 2009. Each monograph was then searched for in the public catalogues of former FDL CARL member libraries to determine current holdings. Results – Most libraries included in the sample did not have records of all 100 publications, but every publication was located in at least 5 libraries and 12 publications were found in all libraries included in the study. Of the libraries in our sample, 1/3 had retained more than 90 of 100 publications, and 3/4 had retained at least 80. Conclusion – The redundancy that was a cornerstone of the DSP network still exists to a certain extent and should be leveraged to ensure retention and access to these essential materials for years to come. Existing collaborations and partnerships are well positioned to support a pan-Canadian discussion about preservation of and access to historical federal government information in Canadian libraries and library networks.
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Senduraja, Dr Dinesh, and Mr Pradeep Kumar.A. "Efficient Predictable Probe of Optical Burst Switched For Wireless Feeler Bond." International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science 10, no. 12 (December 16, 2021): 25459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijecs/v10i12.4640.
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Optical Burst Switching (OBS) is a promising paradigm for high speed transmission of data. In OBS, a key problem is to schedule bursts with minimum loss. Single method is not sufficient to improve performance. So, our performance model includes some feasible methods to improve OBS performance without significantly increasing the implementation complexity. The methods are addition of simple fiber delay lines (FDLs), increasing random extra offset time, window based channel scheduling (WBS) and Burst Delay Feedback scheduling (BDFS). Additional FDLs can only eliminate the negative impact caused by the variation of the offset time between control packets and data bursts. The random extra offset time approach does not require any additional hardware in the nodes. WBS provides better throughput improvement when FDLs are used in the nodes to compensate the processing time. Finally Burst Delay Feedback Scheduling in addition with these methods can significantly improve OBS throughput and reduce transmission delay.
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Asiabanpour, Bahram, and He Ping Chen. "Automated Layer Aligning and Stacking System for the Fully Dense Freeform Fabrication Process." Advanced Materials Research 655-657 (January 2013): 1251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.655-657.1251.
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The existing building metallic prototypes from metal sheets or foil slices methods suffer some limitations, such as difficulty in making complex features and long process cycle time. The Fully Dense Freeform Fabrication (FDFF) process is a new freeform fabrication method capable of building fully dense prototypes from practically any materials in a layer-by-layer basis, which overcomes the limitations of other methods. However, layer aligning and stacking are still very challenging because aligning and stacking all thin layers takes a lot of time and effort. Therefore, an automated layer aligning and stacking system is proposed and implemented in this paper. A vision system together with a robotics system are developed to automate the FDFF process. Experiments were performed and the results demonstrate that the automated FDFF process can fundamentally improve the concept of rapid prototyping by enabling producing fully dense parts with any complexity and any solid materials for the sizes from micro scale to several feet in a very fast and low cost approach.
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Liu, Xin, Min Li, Bincheng Li, and Bin Fan. "Membrane–Fresnel Diffractive Lenses with High-Optical Quality and High-Thermal Stability." Polymers 14, no. 15 (July 28, 2022): 3056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14153056.
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The membrane–Fresnel diffractive lens (M-FDL) has great potential in the field of high-resolution and lightweight imaging in orbit. However, the M-FDL with high-optical quality and high-thermal stability cannot be fabricated to a standard by the existing processing methods. In this paper, we propose a method for fabricating an M-FDL composed of three steps: the improved repeated spin-coating of the polyimide (PI) membrane, the secondary mucosal method of silica-framed membrane mirror, and the high-precision fabrication of a multi-level microstructure on a flexible, ultrathin membrane substrate. The results show that the root mean square (RMS) of the wave-front error for M-FDL obtained by the above method is 1/28λ (F# = 8.7 at 632.8 nm) with an 80 mm clear aperture, the average diffraction efficiency is more than 70%, the silica-framed membrane mirror possesses approximately 40 times the overall thermal stability of the traditional metal-framed mirror, and the weight is less than 40 g. The measurement results indicate that the M-FDL has high-optical quality and high-thermal stability and can satisfy the imaging requirements.
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Li, Wei Da, Juan Li, Hai Yan Hu, Man Tian Li, and Li Ning Sun. "Dynamic Modeling of Continuum Flexible Leg System for Micro Robot." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.189.
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The micro robot that based on resonant principle can get high speed and high precision. However its leg is usually a flexible continuum with complex shapes, and its dynamic modeling is a key problem during researching this kind of robot. A method combining finite element with modal coordinates is presented, and is used to build Finite Degree Of Freedom (FDOF) model of Multi Rigid Bodies (MRD) for flexible leg of micro robot. Modal analysis of continuum model and FDOF model of MRD for flexible leg is conducted in ANSYS and ADAMS software environment respectively. Analysis results show that the two model have similar lower nature frequency and vibration modes, which verified the correctness of the FDOF model and its establish method. Based on FDOF model, the equivalent drive model of piezoelectric bimorph and system dynamic model of micro robot are build, which provides a theoretical basis for dynamic analysis of the micro robot.
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Nieuwenhuijs-Moeke, Gertrude J., Tobias M. Huijink, Robert A. Pol, Mostafa El Moumni, Johannes GM Burgerhof, Michel MRF Struys, and Stefan P. Berger. "Intraoperative Fluid Restriction is Associated with Functional Delayed Graft Function in Living Donor Kidney Transplantation: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 10 (October 2, 2019): 1587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101587.
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Background: In 2016 we observed a marked increase in functional delayed graft function (fDGF) in our living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) recipients from 8.5% in 2014 and 8.8% in 2015 to 23.0% in 2016. This increase coincided with the introduction of a goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) protocol in our kidney transplant recipients. Hereupon, we changed our intraoperative fluid regimen to a fixed amount of 50 mL/kg body weight (BW) and questioned whether the intraoperative fluid regimen was related to this increase in fDGF. Methods: a retrospective cohort analysis of all donors and recipients in our LDKT program between January 2014–February 2017 (n = 275 pairs). Results: Univariate analysis detected various risk factors for fDGF. Dialysis dependent recipients were more likely to develop fDGF compared to pre-emptively transplanted patients (p < 0.001). Recipients developing fDGF received less intraoperative fluid (36 (25.9–50.0) mL/kg BW vs. 47 (37.3–55.6) mL/kg BW (p = 0.007)). The GDFT protocol resulted in a reduction of intraoperative fluid administration on average by 850 mL in total volume and 21% in mL/kg BW compared to our old protocol (p < 0.001). In the unadjusted analysis, a higher intraoperative fluid volume in mL/kg BW was associated with a lower risk for the developing fDGF (OR 0.967, CI (0.941–0.993)). After adjustment for the confounders, prior dialysis and the use of intraoperative noradrenaline, the relationship of fDGF with fluid volume was still apparent (OR 0.970, CI (0.943–0.998)). Conclusion: Implementation of a GDFT protocol led to reduced intraoperative fluid administration in the LDKT recipients. This intraoperative fluid restriction was associated with the development of fDGF.
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Wei, Baofu, Ruoyu Yao, and Annunziato Amendola. "Anatomy of the Distal End of Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendon and Percutaneous Release Technique: A Cadaveric Study." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 247301141988427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011419884274.
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Background: The transfer of flexor-to-extensor is widely used to correct lesser toe deformity and joint instability. The flexor digitorum longus tendon (FDLT) is percutaneously transected at the distal end and then routed dorsally to the proximal phalanx. The transected tendon must have enough mobility and length for the transfer. The purpose of this study was to dissect the distal end of FDLT and identify the optimal technique to percutaneously release FDLT. Methods: Eight fresh adult forefoot specimens were dissected to describe the relationship between the tendon and the neurovascular bundle and measure the width and length of the distal end of FDLT. Another 7 specimens were used to create the percutaneous release model and test the strength required to pull out FDLT proximally. The tendons were randomly released at the base of the distal phalanx (BDP), the space of the distal interphalangeal joint (SDIP), and the neck of the middle phalanx (NMP). Results: At the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint, the neurovascular bundle begins to migrate toward the center of the toe and branches off toward the center of the toe belly. The distal end of FDLT can be divided into 3 parts: the distal phalanx part (DPP), the capsule part (CP), and the middle phalanx part (MPP). There was a significant difference in width and length among the 3 parts. The strength required to pull out FDLT proximally was about 168, 96, and 20 N, respectively, for BDP, SDIP, and NMP. Conclusion: The distal end of FDLT can be anatomically described at 3 locations: DPP, CP, and MPP. The tight vinculum brevis and the distal capsule are strong enough to resist proximal retraction. Percutaneous release at NMP can be performed safely and effectively. Clinical Relevance: Percutaneous release at NMP can be performed safely and effectively during flexor-to-extensor transfer.
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Sun, Yuchen, Xiangyang Luo, Han Wang, and Zhaorui Ma. "A Method for Identifying Tor Users Visiting Websites Based on Frequency Domain Fingerprinting of Network Traffic." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (January 31, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3306098.
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Although the anonymous communication network Tor can protect the security of users’ data and privacy during their visits to the Internet, it also facilitates illegal users to access illegal websites. Website fingerprinting attacks can identify the websites that users are visiting to discern whether they are performing illegal operations. Existing methods tend to manually extract the traffic features of users visiting websites and construct machine learning or deep learning models to classify the features. While these methods can be effective in classifying unknown website traffic, the effect of classification in the use of defensive measures or onion service scenarios is not yet ideal. This paper proposes a method to identify Tor users visiting websites based on frequency domain fingerprinting of network traffic (FDF). We extract the direction and length features of circuit sequences in access traffic and combine and transform them into the frequency domain. The classification of access traffic is accomplished by using a deep learning classification model combining CNN, FC, and Self-Attention. In this paper, the proposed FDF method is experimentally validated in common scenarios of Tor networks. The results show that FDF outperforms the existing methods for classification in different Tor scenarios. It can achieve 98.8% and 94.3% classification accuracy in undefended and WTF-PAD defense scenarios, respectively. In the onion service scenario, the accuracy is improved by 4.7% over the current state-of-the-art Tik-Tok method.
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Zhang, Yuan, Olivier Boucher, Philippe Ciais, Laurent Li, and Nicolas Bellouin. "How to reconstruct aerosol-induced diffuse radiation scenario for simulating GPP in land surface models? An evaluation of reconstruction methods with ORCHIDEE_DFv1.0_DFforc." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 2029–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2029-2021.
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Abstract. The impact of diffuse radiation on photosynthesis has been widely documented in field measurements. This impact may have evolved over time during the last century due to changes in cloudiness, increased anthropogenic aerosol loads over polluted regions, and to sporadic volcanic eruptions curtaining the stratosphere with sulfate aerosols. The effects of those changes in diffuse light on large-scale photosynthesis (GPP) are difficult to quantify, and land surface models have been designed to simulate them. Investigating how anthropogenic aerosols have impacted GPP through diffuse light in those models requires carefully designed factorial simulations and a reconstruction of background diffuse light levels during the preindustrial period. Currently, it remains poorly understood how diffuse radiation reconstruction methods can affect GPP estimation and what fraction of GPP changes can be attributed to aerosols. In this study, we investigate different methods to reconstruct spatiotemporal distribution of the fraction of diffuse radiation (Fdf) under preindustrial aerosol emission conditions using a land surface model with a two-stream canopy light transmission scheme that resolves diffuse light effects on photosynthesis in a multi-layered canopy, ORCHIDEE_DF. We show that using a climatologically averaged monthly Fdf, as has been done by earlier studies, can bias the global GPP by up to 13 PgC yr−1 because this reconstruction method dampens the variability of Fdf and produces Fdf that is inconsistent with shortwave incoming surface radiation. In order to correctly simulate preindustrial GPP modulated by diffuse light, we thus recommend that the Fdf forcing field should be calculated consistently with synoptic, monthly, and inter-annual aerosol and cloud variability for preindustrial years. In the absence of aerosol and cloud data, alternative reconstructions need to retain the full variability in Fdf. Our results highlight the importance of keeping consistent Fdf and radiation for land surface models in future experimental designs that seek to investigate the impacts of diffuse radiation on GPP and other carbon fluxes.
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Savić, Aleksandar, Aleksandra Mitrović, Lloyd Donaldson, Jasna Simonović Radosavljević, Jelena Bogdanović Pristov, Gabor Steinbach, Győző Garab, and Ksenija Radotić. "Fluorescence-Detected Linear Dichroism of Wood Cell Walls in Juvenile Serbian Spruce: Estimation of Compression Wood Severity." Microscopy and Microanalysis 22, no. 2 (February 9, 2016): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192761600009x.
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AbstractFluorescence-detected linear dichroism (FDLD) microscopy provides observation of structural order in a microscopic sample and its expression in numerical terms, enabling both quantitative and qualitative comparison among different samples. We applied FDLD microscopy to compare the distribution and alignment of cellulose fibrils in cell walls of compression wood (CW) and normal wood (NW) on stem cross-sections of juvenile Picea omorika trees. Our data indicate a decrease in cellulose fibril order in CW compared with NW. Radial and tangential walls differ considerably in both NW and CW. In radial walls, cellulose fibril order shows a gradual decrease from NW to severe CW, in line with the increase in CW severity. This indicates that FDLD analysis of cellulose fibril order in radial cell walls is a valuable method for estimation of CW severity.
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Blöbaum, Leon, Marco Witkowski, Max Wegner, Stella Lammel, Philipp-Alexander Schencke, Kai Jakobs, Marianna Puccini, et al. "Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Microbial Translocation in Patients with First-Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation." Biomedicines 11, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11010176.
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Background: According to the leaky gut concept, microbial products (e.g., lipopolysaccharide, LPS) enter the circulation and mediate pro-inflammatory immunological responses. Higher plasma LPS levels have been reported in patients with various cardiovascular diseases, but not specifically during early atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: We studied data and blood samples from patients presenting with first-diagnosed AF (FDAF) (n = 80) and 20 controls. Results: Circulating biomarkers that are suggestive of mucosal inflammation (zonulin, mucosal adhesion molecule MAdCAM-1) and intestinal epithelium damage (intestinal fatty acid binding protein, IFABP) were increased in the plasma of patients with FDAF when compared to patients with chronic cardiovascular diseases but without AF. Surrogate plasma markers of increased intestinal permeability (LPS, CD14, LPS-binding protein, gut-derived LPS-neutralising IgA antibodies, EndoCAbs) were detected during early AF. A reduced ratio of IgG/IgM EndoCAbs titres indicated chronic endotoxaemia. Collagen turnover biomarkers, which corresponded to the LPS values, suggested an association of gut-derived low-grade endotoxaemia with adverse structural remodelling. The LPS concentrations were higher in FDAF patients who experienced a major adverse cardiovascular event. Conclusions: Intestinal barrier dysfunction and microbial translocation accompany FDAF. Improving gut permeability and low-grade endotoxaemia might be a potential therapeutic approach to reducing the disease progression and cardiovascular complications in FDAF.
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Ahrens, Aric. "Depository Designations." DttP: Documents to the People 47, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/dttp.v47i1.6981.
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Though the FDLP Modernization Act of 2018 failed to land on the president’s desk, the first serious attempt at a legislative solution to the structural hindrances facing the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) must be applauded. In particular, granting the Superintendent of Documents the authority to designate depositories is a vast improvement over the current and ancient Congressional District Model of Depository Allocation. The inadequacies of this well intentioned method of allocating depositories nationwide have been articulated since the nineteenth century.
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Dum, R. P., M. J. O'Donovan, J. Toop, and R. E. Burke. "Cross-reinnervated motor units in cat muscle. I. Flexor digitorum longus muscle units reinnervated by soleus motoneurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 54, no. 4 (October 1, 1985): 818–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.54.4.818.
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The properties of flexor digitorum longus (FDL) muscles and of individual motor units were studied in cats 30-50 wk after self-reinnervation by FDL motoneurons (FDL----FDL) or cross-reinnervation by soleus (SOL) motoneurons (SOL----FDL). Individual motor units were functionally isolated by intracellular recording and stimulation of identified SOL alpha-motoneurons. Glycogen-depletion methods permitted histochemical study of muscle fibers belonging to physiologically characterized muscle units. The observations were compared with data from normal cat FDL muscles and motor units (27). Intentionally self-reinnervated FDL muscles (FDL----FDL; n = 5) were normal in size and wet weight. FDL----FDL motor units could be classified into the same physiological categories found in normal FDL [types: fast contracting, fatigable (FF), fast contracting, fatigue resistant (FR), and slow (S); n = 24], with approximately the same proportions as normal. The histochemical muscle fiber types associated with these categories were also qualitatively normal although there was evidence of marked distortion of the normal histochemical mosaic. These data confirm other studies of self-reinnervation and suggest that self-reinnervation can produce complete interconversion of muscle fiber types. Cross-reinnervation of FDL muscle by SOL motoneurons (SOL----FDL; n = 12) produced muscles that were smaller (about half the normal wet weight) and more red than normal. SOL----FDL muscle contracted more slowly than normal or FDL----FDL muscles and had much higher proportions of histochemical type I muscle fibers. In those SOL----FDL muscles, in which little or no unwanted self-reinnervation could be demonstrated, greater than 95% of the muscle fibers were type I. Forty-one individual motor units in SOL----FDL muscles were isolated by intracellular penetration in functionally identified SOL alpha-motoneurons. Their muscle units were all type S by physiological criteria (absence of "sag" in unfused tetani and marked resistance to fatigue). SOL----FDL muscle units had contraction times and fatigue properties that were essentially identical to those of type S units in the normal FDL. All of the seven units, successfully studied by glycogen depletion, exhibited histochemical type I fibers. SOL motoneurons that innervated FDL muscle units had slightly shorter afterhyperpolarization durations than normal SOL cells, but axonal conduction velocities were normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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TEWARI, S. P., POONAM SILOTIA, and KAKOLI BERA. "DIFFERENTIAL AND TOTAL PHONON FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS FROM THE CORRESPONDING MEASURED TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT MEAN SQUARE DISPLACEMENTS IN AN ANISOTROPIC CRYSTAL USING UNFOLDING TECHNIQUE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 13, no. 11 (May 10, 1999): 1455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797929900148x.
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It is shown, for the first time, that phonon frequency distribution function (FDF) can be successfully extracted from the measured temperature dependent mean square displacement (MSD) of a particle in a condensed system using unfolding technique. In particular, the observed MSD of a Zinc atom in the basal plane, along the z direction and the total have been unfolded to obtain corresponding phonon FDF which yield much better values of the temperature dependent MSD than the trial FDF. The method can be fruitfully utilized to obtain FDF of elastic vibrations both for ordered and disordered solids from the readily available experimental MSD.
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Umansky, Dmitry, Jean-Marie Gorce, Meiling Luo, Guillaume de la Roche, and Guillaume Villemaud. "Computationally Efficient MR-FDPF and MR-FDTLM Methods for Multifrequency Simulations." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 61, no. 3 (March 2013): 1309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2012.2227920.
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Wang, Bo, Meifang Yu, Xianglin Zhu, and Zheyu Jiang. "Soft-sensing method based on FDLS-SVM in marine alkaline protease fermentation process." Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology 49, no. 8 (May 27, 2019): 783–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2019.1615506.
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Rodriguez, J. Y., J. Nalbantis, and Ch Obled. "Rainfall-Runoff Modelling by the FDTF Method: Testing and Validation by Generated Data." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 21, no. 17 (October 1988): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)54546-2.
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Zhang, Ai Qing. "Robust Fault Detection for Singular Stochastic Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 128-129 (October 2011): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.128-129.276.
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-This paper deals with the problem of fault detection filter (FDF) design for singular stochastic systems . By using an observer-based FDF as a residual generator,the robust fault detection is formulated as a filtering problem. Based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIS) techniques and stability theory of stochastic differential equations, stochastic Lyapunov function method is adopted to design a FDF such that, the filter residual system is sensitive to the fault but robust to the exogenous disturbance.Sufficient conditions are proposed to guarantee the stochastically mean-square stablility with an performance for the faulty detection system. The existence of a FDF for the system under consideration is achieved in terms of LMIS . Moreover, the expressions of desired fault detection filter are given.
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Friebel, Julian, Marco Witkowski, Max Wegner, Leon Blöbaum, Stella Lammel, Philipp-Alexander Schencke, Kai Jakobs, et al. "Cytotoxic CD8+ T Cells Are Involved in the Thrombo-Inflammatory Response during First-Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation." Cells 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12010141.
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Background: Atrial myopathy and atrial fibrillation (AF) accompany thrombo-inflammation. This facilitates disease progression and promotes major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Thrombin receptor (protease-activated receptor 1, PAR1) signalling is central in mediating thrombo-inflammation. We hypothesised that PAR1 signalling links coagulation and inflammation through cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes in patients presenting with first-diagnosed AF (FDAF). Methods: A total of 210 patients were studied. We included data and blood samples from patients presenting with FDAF (n = 160), cardiac tissue from patients with paroxysmal AF (n = 32) and 20 controls. Results: During early AF, a pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic subset of T lymphocytes (CD8+) circulated more frequently when compared to patients with chronic cardiovascular disease but without AF, accompanied by elevated plasma levels of CD8+ effector molecules, which corresponded to biomarkers of adverse cardiac remodelling and atrial dysfunction. Activation of tissue factor (TF) and PAR1 was associated with pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic effector functions. PAR1-related CD8+ cell activation was more frequent in FDAF patients that experienced a MACE. Conclusions: In patients with FDAF, the TF-factor Xa-factor IIa-axis contributes to thrombo-inflammation via PAR1 in CD8+ T cells. Intervening in this cascade might be a promising synergistic approach to reducing disease progression and the vascular complications of AF.
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Chen, Guoliang, Xizhe Liu, Ensi Zhao, Ningning Chen, Fuxin Wei, and Shaoyu Liu. "Comparative Five-Year Surgical Outcomes of Open-Door versus French-Door Laminoplasty in Multilevel Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy." BioMed Research International 2020 (December 10, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8853733.
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Objective. To compare the five-year surgical outcomes between Open-Door laminoplasty (ODL) and French-Door laminoplasty (FDL) in the management of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (MCSM). Methods. Sixty patients with MCSM, who were operated by ODL or FDL, were included in this study and followed up for at least 5 years. The average follow-up period was 69.2 ± 3.2 months. The modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score and radiological assessments including the Cobb angle and cervical range of motion (ROM) were evaluated and compared before surgery and at the final follow-up. The incidence of postoperative complications and medical costs were also compared. Results. Both ODL and FDL groups achieved significant improvements of the mJOA score in postoperative 5 years; the average recovery rate (RR) of the mJOA score in the ODL and FDL groups was 72.14 ± 6.97 % and 69.53 ± 7.51 % , respectively. No statistically significant differences regarding the pre- and postoperative mJOA score, the RR of the mJOA score, the loss and the loss rate of the Cobb angle, and the incidence of postoperative complications existed between ODL and FDL. The mean loss and the loss rate of cervical ROM in the FDL group ( 18.70 ± 8.91 ° , 41.08 ± 11.17 % ) were significantly higher than those of the ODL group ( 13.81 ± 8.62 ° , 31.47 ± 12.43 % ) ( P < 0.05 ). FDL reduced medical costs more greatly than ODL ( 33014.37 ± 3424.12 China Yuan versus 82096.62 ± 7093.07 China Yuan, P < 0.001 ). Conclusions. Both ODL and FDL are effective for MCSM. The 5-year neurological results are similar between the two groups. ODL trends to be superior to FDL in postoperative preservation of cervical ROM while FDL reduced medical costs more greatly.
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Rogiest, Wouter, and H. Bruneel. "Exact Optimization Method for an FDL Buffer With Variable Packet Length." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 22, no. 4 (February 2010): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2009.2038237.
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Chibbaro, S., and Jean-Pierre Minier. "The FDF or LES/PDF method for turbulent two-phase flows." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 318, no. 4 (December 22, 2011): 042049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/318/4/042049.
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Chernikov, M. V., M. A. Oganova, A. S. Gerasimenko, and E. A. Artemyev. "STUDY OF ANTISECRETORY ACTIVITY OF DINITRATE 2-PHENYL-9-DIETHYLAMINOETHYLimidazo[1,2-A] BENZIMIDAZOLE BY METHOD OF CONTINUOUS PERFUSION OF RATS’ STOMACHS." Pharmacy & Pharmacology 7, no. 4 (September 10, 2019): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2019-7-4-231-240.
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Nowadays, effective pharmacotherapy of acid-dependent gastrointestinal diseases remains an urgent problem of modern gastroenterology. In this regard, the search for new drugs with a pronounced antisecretory activity still continues; their aim is to keep the control over the acid production safe and effective.The aim of this study was an experimental study of the antisecretory activity of the substance and the finished dosage form (FDF) of dinitrate 2-phenyl-9-diethylaminoethylimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazole.Materials and Methods. The study of antisecretory activity was performed by method of a continuous perfusion of rats’ stomachs. The studied substance was administered at the doses of 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, and the FDF – at the doses of 13 and 26 mg/kg. The substance of Ranitidine (Sigma Аldrich, USA) was used as a reference object in the study of the antisecretory activity of the substance under study, and Ranitidine (Hemofarm A.D., Serbia) was used as a reference drug in the study of the FDF. In order to determine the stimulated secretion immediately before collecting the samples of the perfusate, histamine was administered subcutaneously at the dose of 5 mg/kg. The content of hydrochloric acid in the perfusate was determined by titration of a 0.01 M sodium hydroxide solution. The acidity value was determined in terms of the debit-hour of hydrochloric acid.Results and discussion. The obtained experimental data showed that the studied substance at the dose of 30 mg/kg decreased the basal hydrochloric acid secretion by 54%, which significantly exceeded the antisecretory effect of Ranitidine by 1.8 times. The FDF at the dose of 26 mg/kg, statistically reliable relative to the control and the group treated with Ranitidine, decreased the basal secretion of gastric juice by 33%. The substance at the dose of 30 mg/kg reliably suppressed the stimulated secretion of hydrochloric acid by 80%, while Ranitidine did it by 56%. The FDF at the dose of 26 mg/kg decreased the histamine-stimulated secretion by 66%, and Ranitidine did it by 52%, which was statistically reliable.Сonclusions. The studied substance and its dosage form are more effective in suppressing basal activities and exceed the anisecretory activity of H2 -histamine antagonists of Ranitidine under the conditions of the secretion stimulated by histamine.
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Liu, Hai, Maiying Zhong, and Rui Yang. "Simultaneous Disturbance Compensation and H1/H∞ Optimization In Fault Detection Of UAVs." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 28, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amcs-2018-0026.
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Abstract This paper deals with the problem of robust fault detection (FD) for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flight control system (FCS). A nonlinear model to describe the UAV longitudinal motions is introduced, in which multiple sources of disturbances include wind effects, modeling errors and sensor noises are classified into groups. Then the FD problem is formulated as fault detection filter (FDF) design for a kind of nonlinear discrete time varying systems subject to multiple disturbances. In order to achieve robust FD performance against multiple disturbances, simultaneous disturbance compensation and H1/H∞ optimization are carried out in designing the FDF. The optimality of the proposed FDF is shown in detail. Finally, both simulations and real flight data are applied to validate the proposed method. An improvement of FD performance is achieved compared with the conventional H1/H∞-FDF.
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Dooley, Sean W., Thomas Evashwick-Rogler, Christopher D. Murawski, Gregory P. Guyton, and Niall A. Smyth. "Flexor Digitorum Longus Transfer for Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction is the Standard of Care: Does the Evidence Support It?" Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 1 (January 2022): 2473011421S0018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00180.
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Category: Basic Sciences/Biologics; Hindfoot; Other Introduction/Purpose: Flexor digitorum longus (FDL) transfer, in conjunction with osseous procedures, is used routinely for the treatment of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD). It is well established however that the relative power of the FDL tendon is significantly inferior than that of the native posterior tibial tendon. The purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the evidence that supports or refutes the use of an FDL transfer in the surgical treatment of PTTD. Methods: A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analysis. Using the terms 'flexor digitorum longus OR FDL AND posterior tibial tendon dysfunction OR PTTD OR adult acquired flatfoot OR AAFD' we searched the PubMed/Medline database. Both clinical and biomechanical studies were eligible for inclusion. Results: Forty-one studies met the inclusion criteria, including 31 clinical studies and 10 biomechanical in vitro studies. All 31 clinical studies consisted of Level IV evidence, and support the use of an FDL transfer. There was significant heterogeneity of the clinical evidence due to the variety of concomitant procedures. Of the 10 biomechanical in vitro studies, 2 support the use of an FDL transfer, although these did not assess the procedure in isolation. 8 biomechanical in vitro studies specifically assessing the effect on of an FDL transfer contradict its use for PTTD. Conclusion: There is poor quality clinical evidence to support the use of an FDL transfer for PTTD and the biomechanical literature refutes the use of the procedure. It remains unknown if the clinical improvement reported in the literature can be attributed to the FDL transfer or the concomitant osseous procedures. Additional studies are needed to assess the validity of the FDL transfer and whether alternatives are available to preserve the PTT muscle.
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Bayod, Javier, Ricardo Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo, Marta Elena Losa Iglesias, and Manuel Doblaré. "Stress at the Second Metatarsal Bone After Correction of Hammertoe and Claw Toe Deformity." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 103, no. 4 (July 1, 2013): 260–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/1030260.
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Background: We used finite element analysis to evaluate three techniques for the correction of hammertoe and claw toe deformities: flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer (FDLT), flexor digitorum brevis tendon transfer (FDBT), and proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis (PIPJA). Methods: We performed a finite element analysis of FDLT and FDBT compared with PIPJA of the second toe using multislice computed tomography and 93 tomographic images of the foot obtained in a healthy 36-year-old man. Results: The PIPJA showed a significantly higher increase in traction and compressive stresses and strain at the medial aspect of the shaft of the second metatarsal bone compared with FDLT or FDBT (P < .01). Mean ± SD compressive stresses increased to −4.35 ± 7.05 MPa compared with the nonsurgical foot (−3.10 ± 4.90 MPa). It can, therefore, be hypothesized that if PIPJA is used to correct the hammertoe and claw toe deformities, it could also increase traction and compressive stresses and strain in the metatarsals during running and other vigorous activities. Conclusions: There is a biomechanical advantage to performing FDLT or FDBT instead of PIPJA to surgically treat a hammertoe or claw toe deformity. In addition, tensile strain at the dorsal aspect of the second metatarsal bone when performing PIPJA increases the risk of metatarsalgia or stress fracture in patients at risk. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 103(4): 260–273, 2013)
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Black, Sarah E., James R. Jastifer, and Joseph Brunejes. "Anatomic Landmarks for Minimally Invasive Exposure for Flexor Digitorum Longus (FDL) Tendon Transfers and Spring Ligament Reconstruction." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 4 (October 2022): 2473011421S0059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00591.
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Category: Other; Basic Sciences/Biologics; Hindfoot; Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: The approach for identification of the FDL tendon is classically described through an incision proximal to the medial malleolus extending past the navicular following the inferior border of the first metatarsal.1This incision is lengthy, and we believe that the navicular tuberosity, medial malleolus, and/or sustentaculum tali can be used as reliable landmarks for identification of the FDL more precisely and reliably. The purpose of this study is to detail spatial anatomy of the medial arch to allow for a more reliable and less invasive exposure of the FDL. Methods: Ten cadaver specimens were used for a total of 20 extremities. Anatomic locations were identified and pinned with the foot positioned in neutral dorsiflexion. Anatomic locations pinned included tip of the anterior colliculus, navicular tuberosity, proximal portion of the sustentaculum tali, and the distal portion of the sustentaculum tali. Photographs were taken of each cadaveric specimen with pins in place. Image J calibrated software was then used to calculate the distance between anatomic points. Averages were calculated for all measurements. Results: On average the superior margin of the sustentaculum tali was located 8 mm from the FDL with a range of 5-15 mm. Average distance from inferior sustentaculum tali to the FDL was 9 mm with a range of 5-12 mm. Average distance from medial malleolus to superior FDL was 18 mm with a range of 11-27 mm. Average distance from medial malleolus to inferior FDL was 27 mm with a range of 20-36mm. Average distance from navicular tuberosity to anterior FDL was 22 mm with a range of 11-27 mm. Average distance from navicular tuberosity to posterior FDL was 30 mm with a range of 19-42 mm. Conclusion: The 'lighthouse' for the harvest of the FDL tendon is the sustentaculum tali. Intraoperatively, the FDL tendon is found 22-31 mm directly posterior to the navicular and 18-27 mm inferior to the medial malleolus. This provides a reliable anatomic region where a 40 mm oblique approach can be made to access the FDL and spring ligament complex for a more minimally invasive approach in all of the studied specimen.
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Sharma, Anju, and P. Sriganesan. "Formulation development and optimization of fast dissolving film containing carvedilol nanocrystals for improved bioavailability." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 6 (November 15, 2018): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6.2017.
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In this work, fast dissolving films (FDF) were prepared using nanocrystal formulations in order to optimise dissolution properties of lipophilic, poorly soluble drug Cavedilol. Drug nanocrystals are crystals with a size in the nanometer range, meaning that they are nanoparticles with a crystalline character. Carvedilol nanosuspensions were prepared using a high-pressure homogenizer, and then encapsulated in to films by solvent casting method using polymers such as maltodextrin and PVA in different concentrations. Propylene glycol used as a plasticizer. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the formulation of FDF containing Carvedilol nanocrystals for enhanced bioavailability and better compliance. The formulation of FDF was optimized by Box-Behnken Design (BBD) (design expert 11.03).In this design, 13 formulas were performed. One of the formula were suggested by design expert desirability = 1.
Keywords: Carvedilol, Nanocrystal, FDF, Box-bhenken optimization, in-vitro drug dissolution study,
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Takekawa, Toru, Kazushige Kobayashi, Naoki Yamada, Satoshi Takagi, Takatoshi Hara, Tomohide Kitajima, Tomoharu Sato, Hiroshi Sugihara, Kazuo Kinoshita, and Masahiro Abo. "Effects of Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle Anatomical Structure on the Response to Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Patients with Post-Stroke Claw Foot Deformity." Toxins 14, no. 10 (September 25, 2022): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14100666.
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(1) Background: The purpose of this retrospective case-control study was to determine the relationship between the control of toe movements by flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and flexor digitorum longus (FDL) muscles and the response to treatment with botulinum toxin (BoNT) in post-stroke patients with claw toe. (2) Methods: Subjects with stroke-related leg paralysis/spasticity and claw toes received multiple injections of BoNT (onabotulinumtoxin A) into the FHL or FDL muscles. We investigated the relationship between the mode of transmission of FHL and FDL muscle tension to each toe (MCT) and treatment outcome using the data of 53 patients who received 124 injections with clinically recorded treatment outcome. We also dissected the potential variables that could determine the treatment outcome. (3) Results: The effectiveness of BoNT treatment was significantly altered by FDL-MCT (OR = 0.400, 95% CI = 0.162–0.987, p = 0.047). Analysis of the response to the first BoNT injection showed an odds ratio of FDL-MCT of approximately 6.0 times (OR = 0.168, 95% CI = 0.033–0.857, p = 0.032). The more tibial the influence of the FDL muscle on each toe, the better the treatment outcome on the claw toe. (4) Conclusions: The anatomic relation between FDL muscle and each toe seems to affect the response to treatment with BoNT in post-stroke patients with claw toes.
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Sai, S. V. "A method for assessing photorealistic image quality with high resolution." Computer Optics 46, no. 1 (February 2022): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-co-899.
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The article proposes a method for assessing photorealistic image quality based on a comparison of the detail coefficients in the original and distorted images. An algorithm for identifying fine structures of the original image uses operations of active pixels segmentation, which include point objects, thin lines and texture fragments. The number of active pixels is estimated by the value of a fine detail factor (FDF), which is determined by the ratio of active pixels to the total number of image pixels. The same algorithm is used to calculate the FDF of the distorted image and, further, the image quality deterioration is estimated by comparing the obtained values. Special features of the method include the fact that the identification of small structures and the segmentation of active pixels are performed in the normalized system N-CIELAB. The algorithm also takes into account the influence of false microstructures on the results of the restored image estimating. Features of the construction of neural networks SRCNN in the tasks of a qualitative increase in the image resolution with the restoration of fine structures are considered. Results of the analysis of the quality of enlarged images by the traditional metrics PSNR and SSIM, as well as by the proposed method are also presented.
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Thomas, Danielle, David Thordarson, Trevor J. Nelson, Timothy P. Charlton, Samuel Eberlein, and Melodie F. Metzger. "Knot of Henry Variation and the Effect on Plantar Flexion Strength." Foot & Ankle International 41, no. 1 (September 14, 2019): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100719875229.
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Background: The flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendons are commonly used for tendon transfer in reconstructive foot and ankle procedures. Some patients experience great toe weakness and loss of push-off strength. The objective of this biomechanical study was to quantify plantarflexion force after FHL and FDL harvest and correlate it to variations in tendon crossover patterns at the knot of Henry to determine if specific patterns have an increased tendency toward forefoot weakness. Methods: Simulated loads through the Achilles, FHL, and FDL were applied to cadaveric specimens while plantarflexion force was measured using a pressure mapping system. Force was recorded with the FDL and FHL unloaded to simulate tendon transfer. Afterward, specimens were dissected to classify the tendinous slips between the FHL and FDL based on a previously determined system. Functional and anatomical relationships between the classification type and loading patterns were analyzed. Results: There were no statistical differences between the tendon crossover patterns in forefoot force reduction after FHL or FDL harvest. Average decrease in great toe and total forefoot pressure after FHL harvest was 31% and 22%, respectively. Average decrease in lesser toe and total forefoot push-off force after FDL harvest was 23% and 9%, respectively. Conclusion: This study quantified loss of plantarflexion force after simulated FHL and FDL harvest and correlated these losses to variations in anatomic crossover patterns at the knot of Henry. Variations at the knot of Henry do not contribute to differences in forefoot weakness. Clinical Relevance: The decrease in forefoot pressure seen here would help explain the clinical scenario where a patient does note a loss of great toe strength after FHL transfer.
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Zhu, Yixian, Xianghong Cheng, and Lei Wang. "A Novel Fault Detection Method for an Integrated Navigation System using Gaussian Process Regression." Journal of Navigation 69, no. 4 (January 26, 2016): 905–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463315001034.
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For the integrated navigation system, the correctness and the rapidity of fault detection for each sensor subsystem affects the accuracy of navigation. In this paper, a novel fault detection method for navigation systems is proposed based on Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). A GPR model is first used to predict the innovation of a Kalman filter. To avoid local optimisation, particle swarm optimisation is adopted to find the optimal hyper-parameters for the GPR model. The Fault Detection Function (FDF), which has an obvious jump in value when a fault occurs, is composed of the predicted innovation, the actual innovation of the Kalman filter and their variance. The fault can be detected by comparing the FDF value with a predefined threshold. In order to verify its validity, the proposed method is used in a SINS/GPS/Odometer integrated navigation system. The comparison experiments confirm that the proposed method can detect a gradual fault more quickly compared with the residual chi-squared test. Thus the navigation system with the proposed method gives more accurate outputs and its reliability is greatly improved.
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Park, Kwang Rak, Won-Jin Park, Si-Wook Lee, Hongtae Kim, Hyunsu Lee, and Jae-Ho Lee. "A Simple Method to Locate the Master Knot of Henry Using the Correlation between the Flexor Tendon Length Parameter and the Foot Length." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 2281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042281.
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The precise location of the Master Knot of Henry (MKH) has important clinical significance, but its anatomical definition has not been agreed upon. The purpose of this study is to present a linear regression equation for predicting length variables based on foot length, by evaluating the correlation of length variables related to flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and flexor digitorum longus (FDL), with respect to the location of the MKH. A total of 95 limbs were dissected from 48 adult cadavers, and were fixed in formalin. Measurements were made for the length parameter, with reference to the landmark. The relevance between length variables was analyzed through simple correlation analysis and linear regression analysis. The foot length was 213.69 ± 17.53 mm, MKH-great toe distal phalanx was 140.16 ± 14.69 mm, MKH-FHL insertion was 124.55 ± 13.46 mm, MKH-little toe distal phalanx was 121.79 ± 13.41 mm, MKH-FDL little toe insertion was 109.07 ± 14.16 mm, and the FHL-FDL angle was 33.15 ± 5.39. The correlation coefficient between all the length variables for foot length showed a high positive correlation. We derived a regression equation that can predict the length of each variable. This regression formula is considered to be highly useful because it can estimate the positional relationship of the MKH relatively simply.
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Chitalia, Mehul, Dr Senthil Adimoolam, Boey Hong Jun, and Lee Ee Cheng. "Comprehensive Review on Ficus Deltoidea Effervescent Mouthwash Formulation in Treating Oral Pathogens." International Journal of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, no. 73 (July 11, 2021): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijhms.73.63.75.
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Ficus deltoidea or its well-known local name Mas Cotek belongs to the family of Moracaeae. This native plant is commonly found in Malaysia, other tropical and subtropical countries. Oral periodontal disease is an alarming disease and the utilization of herbal plants in treating oral pathogens has raised attention and concern. Therefore the main objective of this study was to review the effectiveness of effervescent mouthwash formulation of the FDL on treating oral pathogens. Plaque accumulation and oral microorganisms are the main predisposing factors to oral periodontal diseases. Herbal mouthwash has been of particular interest these days to treat oral pathogens. Different effervescent agents such as citric acid, tartaric acid, and sodium bicarbonate were used in formulating effervescent mouthwash by different methods with varying concentrations. FDL leaves have claimed to possess different properties such as antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties which are helpful in treating many diseases. Post compression parameters such as effervescent time, moisture content, and in vitro antibacterial test were reviewed in this study. FDL has shown a strong correlation to the presence of high content of polyphenols, flavonoids, saponin, tannins, and triterpenoids. In conclusion, the type of preparation choosen is by using wet granulation method and the suitable ratio is 2:1.
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Rosenfeld, Peter F., Jonathan Dick, and Terence S. Saxby. "The Response of the Flexor Digitorum Longus and Posterior Tibial Muscles to Tendon Transfer and Calcaneal Osteotomy for Stage II Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction." Foot & Ankle International 26, no. 9 (September 2005): 671–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110070502600902.
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Background: The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the response of the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and posterior tibial (PT) muscles to FDL tendon transfer and medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy for stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD). Methods: Twelve patients were divided into two groups, depending on whether the PTtendon was excised(Excised Tendon Group) or left intact (Intact Tendon Group). The muscle volumes of the FDL and PT muscles in both legs were measured and compared, using cross-sectional area (CSA) analysis of preoperative and postoperative MRI. Results: Preoperatively, there was an average 11% reduction in the PT muscle volume and a 17% increase in the FDL muscle volume from the normal contralateral side in both groups. One year after surgery (average 13.4 months) in both groups, the FDL muscle volume had increased by an average of 27% and the PT muscle volume had decreased by 23% compared to the contralateral normal side. The FDL volume increased by 44% in the Excised Tendon Group compared to 11% in the Intact Tendon Group. The PT muscle volumes were not assessed in the Excised Tendon Group because all PT muscle had been replaced by fatty infiltration. The PT volumes in the Intact Tendon Group decreased further from a 6% reduction preoperatively to a 23% reduction postoperatively compared to the normal contralateral side. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot scores increased from 50 preoperatively to 88 at 1 year after surgery. There was no difference in the scores between the Excised Tendon (47 to 87) and Intact Tendon (53 to 89) groups. Conclusion: We concluded that the FDL muscle hypertrophies in response to a failing PT muscle. This hypertrophy continues after FDL transfer and medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy. With excision of the PT tendon, the FDL undergoes greater hypertrophy than if the tendon is left attached. The PT muscle continues to atrophy and undergoes complete fatty replacement if the tendon is excised. Transfer of the FDL and medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy produce a satisfactory improvement in hindfoot function; the outcome was the same whether the PT tendon was sacrificed or left intact.
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Dum, R. P., M. J. O'Donovan, J. Toop, P. Tsairis, M. J. Pinter, and R. E. Burke. "Cross-reinnervated motor units in cat muscle. II. Soleus muscle reinnervated by flexor digitorum longus motoneurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 54, no. 4 (October 1, 1985): 837–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.54.4.837.
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The properties of whole soleus (SOL) muscles and of individual motor units were studied in cats 30-50 wk after self-reinnervation by soleus (SOL) motoneurons (SOL----SOL) or cross-reinnervation by flexor digitorum longus (FDL) motoneurons (FDL----SOL). As in the preceding paper (22), intracellular and glycogen-depletion methods were used to examine the physiological and histochemical properties of individual motor units. The results were compared with data from normal SOL motor units (8, 12). Intentionally self-reinnervated SOL muscles (SOL----SOL; n = 6) were normal in size and wet weight, and all of the five SOL----SOL motor units studied had physiological and histochemical characteristics that matched those of normal SOL units. Cross-reinnervation of SOL by FDL alpha-motoneurons (FDL----SOL; n = 7) produced muscles with wet weights and appearance essentially identical to normal SOL. However, whole-muscle twitch contraction times were much shorter (mean 60.4 ms) than those of normal (mean 136.9 ms, n = 18) or SOL----SOL muscles (mean 115.3 ms; n = 6). Despite this difference, none of the FDL----SOL muscles contained more than 7% histochemical type II muscle fibers, all of which were type IIA. Normal cat SOL muscles can contain up to 5% type IIA fibers, but none of our SOL----SOL muscles showed any type II fibers. Two FDL----SOL muscles had significant amounts of unintended self-reinnervation, permitting side-by-side comparison of FDL----SOL and SOL----SOL muscle fibers. The twitch contraction times of the two populations differed markedly, but they were histochemically indistinguishable except for the fact that SOL----SOL fibers had high neutral fat content (as do normal SOL fibers), whereas FDL----SOL showed much lower fat content. The 23 FDL----SOL muscle units studied were classified as physiological type S by criteria ("sag" test and fatigue resistance) used to identify motor-unit types in normal cat muscles. All five of the FDL----SOL units studied histochemically after glycogen depletion showed the type I histochemical profile, which is characteristic of the normal cat SOL. In marked contrast to the preceding study, cross-reinnervation of cat SOL by FDL motoneurons produced no conversion of muscle-unit properties into those associated with fast-twitch unit types, despite significant decreases in isometric twitch contraction time. The altered twitch speed was not associated with evident changes in conventional myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) histochemistry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Fidelibus, Matthew W., Kimberley A. Cathline, and Jacqueline K. Burns. "Potential Abscission Agents for Raisin, Table, and Wine Grapes." HortScience 42, no. 7 (December 2007): 1626–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.7.1626.
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Effective abscission agents that decrease fruit detachment force (FDF) are sought by the California raisin industry to improve the continuous tray mechanical harvesting method. Such agents might also enable mechanical harvest of table and wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L.), but few agents are known to be effective for grape. Thus, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and six other compounds known to stimulate abscission of other fruits were screened for their ability to reduce FDF of mature ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapes. Most compounds tested reduced FDF to some extent, but MeJA was particularly effective. Solutions containing between 45 and 4500 ppm MeJA reduced FDF by at least 50% to 85% compared with nontreated fruits. Application of 2250 and 4500 ppm MeJA to ‘Thompson Seedless’ vines caused 25% to 50% fruit drop, respectively, within 10 d after treatment (DAT). The efficacy of MeJA was verified in a second experiment in which solutions of 0, 1125, 2250, or 4500 ppm MeJA were applied to clusters of ‘Crimson Seedless’ grapes; at 14 DAT, FDF declined as a linear function of MeJA applied. The grapes did not abscise, but berries treated with 2250 to 4500 ppm MeJA had slightly lower soluble solids than nontreated fruits. Solutions of 0 or 4500 ppm MeJA applied to clusters of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ‘Merlot’ grapevines reduced FDF by 66% and 75%, respectively. Fruit drop was estimated to be less than 10%. Thus, a solution containing up to 4500 ppm MeJA may be an effective abscission agent to facilitate mechanical harvest of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ or ‘Merlot’.
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Al-Kubati, Sana Saleh, Muna Abdo Ahmed, and Nasr A. Emad. "Palatable Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride Solid Dispersed Fast-Dissolving Films: Formulation and In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization." Scientific World Journal 2022 (November 28, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1552602.
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One of the most important issues for bitter-tasting drugs such as levocetirizine dihydrochloride (LCD) is the production of palatable dosage forms. LCD also has a delayed onset of action following oral administration. In this study, solid dispersed fast-dissolving films (FDFs) of LCD using the solvent casting method for oral application were prepared and evaluated. The FDF is composed of HPMC as the film forming polymer and different types of superdisintegrants (sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium, or crospovidone). FDF containing crospovidone showed the highest percentage release of the drug (100.54% ± 1.47 within 3 min.) and was chosen for fabricating into palatable solid dispersed FDFs using different ratios of gelatine. The results of Raman and FTIR revealed that the drug’s crystalline structure has been disrupted, and the drug has intermolecular hydrogen bonds with gelatine. The solid dispersed FDF (LF-7), which contained the drug in the form of a 1 : 1 solid dispersion with gelatine, showed a rapid in vitro disintegration (25 seconds) and a burst release of the drug (99.22% ± 2.22 within one min). The in vivo studies were conducted on human participants and showed a significant ( p < 0.05 ) reduction in disintegration time (9.43 ± 2.16 sec.) and higher taste masking ability of the solid dispersed FDF (LF-7) compared to the nonsolid dispersed FDF (LF-4). The stability studies indicated that the prepared FDF remained stable over three months. Overall, FDFs of levocetirizine dihydrochloride with a palatable and rapid onset of action were developed to relieve allergic symptoms.
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Tang, Xue-song, Luchao Jiang, Kuangrong Hao, Tong Wang, and Xiaoyan Liu. "A Moth–Flame Optimized Echo State Network and Triplet Feature Extractor for Epilepsy Electro-Encephalography Signals." Mathematics 11, no. 6 (March 16, 2023): 1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11061438.
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The analysis of epilepsy electro-encephalography (EEG) signals is of great significance for the diagnosis of epilepsy, which is one of the common neurological diseases of all age groups. With the developments of machine learning, many data-driven models have achieved great performance in EEG signals classification. However, it is difficult to select appropriate hyperparameters for the models to file a specific task. In this paper, an evolutionary algorithm enhanced model is proposed, which optimizes the fixed weights of the reservoir layer of the echo state network (ESN) according to the specific task. As evaluating a feature extractor relies heavily on the classifiers, a new feature distribution evaluation function (FDEF) using the label information of EEG signals is defined as the fitness function, which is an objective way to evaluate the performance of a feature extractor that not only focuses on the degree of dispersion, but also considers the relation amongst triplets. The performance of the proposed method is verified on the Bonn University dataset with an accuracy of 98.16% and on the CHB-MIT dataset with the highest sensitivity of 96.14%. The proposed method outperforms the previous EEG methods, as it can automatically optimize the hyperparameters of ESN to adjust the structure and initial parameters for a specific classification task. Furthermore, the optimization direction by using FDEF as the fitness of MFO no longer relies on the performance of the classifier but on the relative separability amongst classes.
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Chen, Guoliang, Xizhe Liu, Ningning Chen, Bailing Chen, Xuenong Zou, Fuxin Wei, and Shaoyu Liu. "Ten-Year Surgical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors for French-Door Laminoplasty in the Treatment of Multilevel Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy." BioMed Research International 2020 (May 7, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3627071.
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Objective. To analyze the ten-year surgical outcomes and postoperative complications of French-Door laminoplasty (FDL) in the management of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (MCSM) and analyze the prognostic factors for FDL in treating MCSM. Methods. 64 patients with MCSM, who were operated by FDL, were included in this study and followed up for at least 10 years. Clinical assessments including modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score, age at surgery, preoperative symptom duration, operative time, blood loss and postoperative complications, radiological assessments including Cobb angle, cervical range of motion (ROM), intramedullary signal intensity on T2W MRI, canal narrowing ratio (CNR), and maximum spinal cord compression (MSCC). mJOA score, Cobb angle, cervical ROM, intramedullary signal intensity on T2W MRI, and CNR were assessed before surgery and at the final follow-up. Results. The average mJOA score was significantly improved from preoperative 10.32±1.63 points to 15.10±0.62 points at the final follow-up (p<0.05). The average RR of the mJOA score at the final follow-up was 69.10±7.32%. The cervical Cobb angle and ROM decreased significantly at the final follow-up. Patients with high intramedullary signal intensity of T2W MRI or CNR more than 50% showed a lower RR of the mJOA score. Correlation analysis revealed that preoperative symptom duration and intramedullary signal intensity of T2W MRI, CNR, MSCC, and blood loss were significantly correlated with the RR of the mJOA score. Gender, operative method, and age at surgery were significantly correlated with the preservation rate of ROM. Operative time was significantly correlated with the incidence of axial symptoms. Conclusions. The ten-year clinical outcomes of FDL were satisfactory. Higher intramedullary signal intensity of T2W MRI and a greater CNR predicted poorer prognoses.
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Wang, G. T., Chunmei Yao, Cairo Okoren, and S. Chen. "4-Point FDF of Muskingum method based on the complete St Venant equations." Journal of Hydrology 324, no. 1-4 (June 2006): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.10.010.
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Wiguna, I. Gusti Lanang Ngurah Agung Artha, Rahadyan Magetsari, Zairin Noor, Suyitno Suyitno, and Ricvan Dana Nindrea. "Comparative Effectiveness and Functional Outcome of Open-Door versus French-Door Laminoplasty for Multilevel Cervical Myelopathy: A Meta-Analysis." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 19 (October 13, 2019): 3348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.739.
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BACKGROUND: At present, few reports are comparing these 2 major cervical posterior laminoplasty methods with Open-door and French-door Laminoplasty in terms of neurological recovery, cervical alignment, and surgical complications. Moreover, most of the research has not been well designed.
AIM: This study aims to determine comparative effectiveness and functional outcome of open-door versus french-door laminoplasty for multilevel cervical myelopathy.
METHODS: The Meta-analysis is used in this study. The study sample is a published research articles on comparative effectiveness and functional outcome of open-door versus french-door laminoplasty for multilevel cervical myelopathy on the internet through databases on PubMed and ProQuest and published between 1997 until December 2018. Weighted mean difference and pooled weighted mean difference are calculated by using the fixed-effect model or random-effect model. Data is processed by using Review Manager 5.3 (RevMan 5.3).
RESULTS: This study reviews 58 articles. There are 6 studies conducted a systematic review and continued with Meta-analysis of relevant data. The results showed significant higher postoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score in open-door laminoplasty (ODL) than French-door laminoplasty (FDL) (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.35 to 1.07; p < 0.05). The outcome of procedures treatment of multilevel cervical myelopathy revealed the operative time, cervical range of motion, axial canal diameter postoperative, axial pain reduction and complications events in ODL and FDL there was no significant difference. But for a cervical lordotic angle in ODL and FDL, there was a significant difference; the ODL group were significantly lesser than the FDL group. The recovery rate in ODL and FDL, there was a significant difference; the ODL was shown to be significantly higher than FDL (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: This analysis suggests that neither cervical laminoplasty approach is superior, based on the postoperative radiological data and complication rate. But the open-door laminoplasty resulted in a higher functional outcome and recovery rate as compared to the French-door laminoplasty.
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Liu, Chuanbin, Hongtao Xie, Zheng-Jun Zha, Lingfeng Ma, Lingyun Yu, and Yongdong Zhang. "Filtration and Distillation: Enhancing Region Attention for Fine-Grained Visual Categorization." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 07 (April 3, 2020): 11555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i07.6822.
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Delicate attention of the discriminative regions plays a critical role in Fine-Grained Visual Categorization (FGVC). Unfortunately, most of the existing attention models perform poorly in FGVC, due to the pivotal limitations in discriminative regions proposing and region-based feature learning. 1) The discriminative regions are predominantly located based on the filter responses over the images, which can not be directly optimized with a performance metric. 2) Existing methods train the region-based feature extractor as a one-hot classification task individually, while neglecting the knowledge from the entire object. To address the above issues, in this paper, we propose a novel “Filtration and Distillation Learning” (FDL) model to enhance the region attention of discriminate parts for FGVC. Firstly, a Filtration Learning (FL) method is put forward for discriminative part regions proposing based on the matchability between proposing and predicting. Specifically, we utilize the proposing-predicting matchability as the performance metric of Region Proposal Network (RPN), thus enable a direct optimization of RPN to filtrate most discriminative regions. Go in detail, the object-based feature learning and region-based feature learning are formulated as “teacher” and “student”, which can furnish better supervision for region-based feature learning. Accordingly, our FDL can enhance the region attention effectively, and the overall framework can be trained end-to-end without neither object nor parts annotations. Extensive experiments verify that FDL yields state-of-the-art performance under the same backbone with the most competitive approaches on several FGVC tasks.
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Hiwse, Ravindra, Rajat Pawar, and Sunita Patidar. "Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Film of Imipramine Hcl." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine 7, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 59–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2022.v07i01.003.
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This research work was aimed to provide faster onset of action of Imipramine Hcl (used for the treatment depression and bed wetting) by formulating its fast-dissolving film (FDF). Imipramine Hcl belongs to BCS I. The FDF of Imipramine Hcl was prepared by solvent casting method using HPMC (film forming agent), Glycerol (plasticizer), Citric acid (saliva stimulating agent), Mannitol (sweetening agent). The formulation was optimized by two factors, three levels (32) was used for the formulation optimization of fast dissolving film of Imipramine Hcl and experimental trials are performed on all 9 formulations. In which the amount of HPMC, Glycerol was selected as independent variables (factor) varied at three different level: low (-1), medium (0), and high (+1) levels. The drug release and disintegration time used as dependent variables (response). and formulation was evaluated for weight variation, thickness, folding endurance, drug content, in- vitro disintegration, in vitro dissolution study and stability study. Based on results it was concluded that FDF (F3) showed faster onset of action.
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Shi, Yunling, and Xiuyan Peng. "A novel full-order and reduced-order fault detection filters design method for continuous-time singular Markov jump systems with complexity transition rates." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 43, no. 10 (March 8, 2021): 2127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331221990963.
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This work is concerned with the problem of full-order and reduced-order fault detection filters (FDFs) design in a convex optimization frame for continuous-time singular Markov jump systems (CTSMJSs) with complexity transition rates (TRs). A novel Lyapunov function construct approach is utilized to cope with the stochastic admissibility problem for CTSMJSs with complexity TRs. In order to obtain effective full-order and reduced-order FDFs, we decoupled the inequality using the presupposed Lyapunov matrix. Owing to the use of Lyapunov stochastic admissibility theory and a novel decoupling method based on convex polyhedron technique, some sufficient conditions are obtained to guarantee that the resulting full-order and reduced-order FDFs are suitable for CTSMJSs with complexity TRs. In particular, the reduced-order FDF has the advantages of small storage space and fast detection speed compared with the full order FDF. Four illustrative examples are given to explain the effectiveness of the proposed full-order and reduced-order FDFs design method.
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Zhen, Li Ping, Shao Wei Si, and Huan Qing Xie. "The Calculation of TTR in PROFIBUS System." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 2183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.2183.
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In PROFIBUS system, we analyzed the time behavior of data exchange and token-passing, and give the TTR selection method, when each master station holding enough token time. And then we discussed the random characteristics of networks and FDL, give the formula of random behavior to calculate time, and get the TTR and the revised value of TTR in PROFIBUS system which has FDL and MS1 communication. Finally, further discussed the case of transmission errors, analyzed the impact of transmission errors to TTR and the real-time of system, and give the TTR and the revised value in this situation.
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Riermaier, Paul, Williams Bandoma, Sue Gagnon, Janet Marler, Sandra Standish, and Victoria Turner. "Weeding Digital Government Information Resources: Considerations and Strategies." DttP: Documents to the People 49, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/dttp.v49i2.7602.
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Weeding is a systematic approach to the removal of resources from a library’s collection. In the weeding process, materials are identified for withdrawal in order to maintain a collection that is accurate, updated, well-used, meets the needs of the users, and is in line with the library’s mission. When weeding tangible resources that are part of the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP), a depository library must ensure that its weeding policy follows the Legal Requirements & Program Regulations of the Federal Depository Library Program and any separate guidelines set by the Regional Depository. However, there are no specific rules or guidelines to follow when weeding digital FDLP resources. This means that individual libraries have more leeway to craft digital weeding procedures that best serve their institution, patrons, and the community at large. In this article, we will discuss initial considerations when developing a process for weeding digital depository materials, we will examine different methods for analyzing a digital collection’s size and usage, and we will review methods for maintenance and weeding of digital resources.
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Shulika, O., O. Orda, N. Potaman, and Y. Yashchuk. "Developing an efficient road-based batch freight delivery technology for intercity connections with a focus on resource conservation." Collection of scientific works of the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies series "Transport Systems and Technologies", no. 41 (June 28, 2023): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2617-9059-2023-41-16.
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In this paper, we propose the solution of the scientific and applied problem of batch freight delivery in the intercity by road in terms of system’s limited resource of the system due to the development of long-distance freight delivery technology in terms of resource savings and the observation of the established level of reliability of the freight delivery functioning of the logistics system (FDLS). For certain parameters of cargo flow with limited resources of the transport market entities involved in the delivery process, the formation of a resource-saving delivery technology allows maximising the effect of the functioning of the system of delivery of consignment cargo by road in intercity traffic. To solve the problem, we used methods of mathematical modelling, a systematic approach, optimization methods (functions of many variables), the provisions of probability theory and mathematical statistics, methods of regression analysis. For the given operating conditions of the developed logistics system, the rational technology of long-distance batch freight delivery has been determined in terms of resource savings. It will reduce overall costs by 13.9% for the given level of the readiness of FDLS.