Journal articles: 'FCCUs'

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Huq, I., M. Morari, and R. C. Sorensen. "Improving Dynamic Performance of Model IV FCCUs *." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 27, no. 7 (June 1994): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)47989-4.

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Arandes, J. M., and H. I. de Lasa. "Simulation and multiplicity of steady states in fluidized FCCUs." Chemical Engineering Science 47, no. 9-11 (June 1992): 2535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(92)87089-9.

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Pant, H. J., V. K. Sharma, A. G. C. Nair, B. S. Tomar, T. N. Nathaniel, A. V. R. Reddy, and Gursharan Singh. "Application of 140La and 24Na as intrinsic radiotracers for investigating catalyst dynamics in FCCUs." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 67, no. 9 (September 2009): 1591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.03.115.

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Mazzucca, Stephanie, Cody Neshteruk, Regan Burney, Amber E. Vaughn, Derek Hales, Truls Østbye, and Dianne Ward. "Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors of Children in Family Child Care Homes: Are There Opportunities for Improvement?" Pediatric Exercise Science 30, no. 4 (November 1, 2018): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2018-0040.

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Purpose: Many children attend family child care homes (FCCHs), an important setting to influence children’s physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB). This study assessed children’s PA and SB while in FCCHs, characteristics of the FCCH PA environment, and relationships between the environment and child PA and SB. Method: Children ages 1.5–4.0 years (n = 495) were recruited from 165 FCCHs in North Carolina. Children’s moderate to vigorous PA and SB were measured via accelerometry for 3 days. FCCH PA environments were assessed over 2 days using the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation for FCCHs. Ten subscores and an overall PA environment score (possible range: 0–30) were calculated; higher scores indicate better quality. Results: Children accumulated 30 (13) minutes of moderate to vigorous PA and 143 (42) minutes of SB in FCCHs daily. FCCHs scored low on the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation for FCCHs, with an average overall score of 13 (2). FCCHs scored highest on screen time and screen time practices subscores, and lowest on PA education/professional development and PA policy subscores. Although no statistically significant associations were observed, some large Cohen d effect sizes were noted (eg, outdoor playtime subscore and moderate to vigorous PA). Conclusions: This study highlights opportunities to improve FCCHs and increase children’s behaviors (eg, providing adequate time and outdoor play spaces).

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Jiang, Qianxia, Alison Tovar, Patricia M. Risica, Kristen Cooksey Stowers, Marlene Schwartz, Caitlin Lombardi, Augustine Kang, Noereem Z. Mena, and Kim M. Gans. "Ethnic Differences in Family Childcare Providers’ Nutrition- and Activity-Related Attitudes and Barriers." Journal of Obesity 2021 (October 7, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6697006.

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Objective. The aim of the study is to examine family childcare providers’ (FCCPs) attitudes and perceived barriers related to nutrition, physical activity (PA), and screen time (ST) behaviors of preschool children, exploring differences by provider ethnicity. Design. Baseline survey data from a cluster-randomized trial. Participants. Around 168 FCCPs completed a telephone survey, and 126 completed both telephone and in-person surveys. Main Outcome Measures. Phone and in-person surveys include 44 questions to assess FCCPs attitudes and perceived barriers regarding nutrition, PA, and ST in the family childcare home. Analysis. Associations by ethnicity (Latinx vs. non-Latinx) were assessed by ANOVA, adjusting for provider education and Bonferroni correction. Results. Some FCCP attitudes were consistent with national obesity prevention guidelines; for example, most FCCPs agreed that they have an important role in shaping children’s eating and PA habits. However, many FCCPs agreed with allowing children to watch educational TV and did not agree that children should serve themselves at meals. Adjusting for education, there were statistically significant differences in attitude and perceived barrier scores by provider ethnicity. For example, Latinx FCCPs were more likely to agree that they should eat the same foods as children p < .001 but less likely to agree that serving the food at meal and snack time is the adult’s responsibility p < .001 . Latinx FCCPs were more like to perceive barriers related to children’s safety playing outside p < .001 . Conclusions and Implications. While FCCPs hold some nutrition-, PA-, and ST-related attitudes consistent with national guidelines, training opportunities are needed for FCCPs to improve knowledge and skills and overcome perceived barriers related to nutrition and PA. Latinx FCCPs, in particular, may need culturally tailored training and support to overcome misperceptions and barriers.

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Torre, Peter, Jonathan S. Russell, Renee Smith, Howard J. Hoffman, Sonia Lee, Paige L. Williams, and Tzy-Jyun Yao. "Words-in-Noise Test Performance in Young Adults Perinatally HIV Infected and Exposed, Uninfected." American Journal of Audiology 29, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_aja-19-00042.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare Words-in-Noise (WIN) data between young adults with perinatal HIV (PHIV) infection and those with PHIV exposure but uninfected (PHEU) and to evaluate associations between antiretroviral therapy (ART) exposures and WIN data. Method The WIN test and cognitive function were assessed in participants of the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study Adolescent Master Protocol Up. Impaired WIN (IWIN) performance was defined as a signal-to-babble ratio of > +10 dB. Cognitive function was determined based on fluid cognition composite scores (FCCSs) and crystallized cognition composite scores, and < 70 was considered a fluid or crystallized cognitive impairment. Log binomial models were used to calculate the relative risks of IWIN between PHIV and PHEU. Results PHIV ( n = 334) and PHEU ( n = 52) participants had similar WIN thresholds and IWIN percentages. For young adults with FCCS ≥ 70, participants with PHIV were less likely to have IWIN for the better ear and worse ear as compared to participants with PHEU. For young adults with FCCS < 70, there was no association between HIV status and risk of IWIN for the better ear or worse ear. For those adults with crystallized cognition composite score of ≥ 70, young adults with PHIV were less likely to have IWIN for the better ear than young adults with PHEU; there was no association between HIV status and IWIN for the worse ear. For young adults with PHIV without a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Class C diagnosis, a longer combination ART duration was associated with a higher risk of IWIN for the better ear. Conclusions For those without cognitive impairment, young adults with PHEU had poorer WIN thresholds than those young adults with PHIV. In young adults with PHIV who had no prior Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Class C diagnosis, a longer combination ART duration was associated with IWIN only in the better ear.

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Gostynski, Roxanne, Marilé Landman, and Jeanet Conradie. "Electrochemical Behaviour of Cr and W Fischer Ethoxy Carbene Complexes: A Comparative Study." Journal of Nano Research 44 (November 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.44.1.

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A comparative electrochemical study of a series Fischer carbene complexes (FCCs) of Cr and W containing an ethoxy and an aryl group as carbene substituents, showed that the Cr-FCCs generally exhibit two one-electron oxidation processes, namely Cr (0) to Cr (I) to Cr (II) while W-FCCs are oxidized in two two-electron oxidation processes, namely W(0) to W(II) to W(IV). The first one-electron oxidation processes of Cr-FCCs is generally reversible, while the first two-electron oxidation processes of all W-FCCs are found to be irreversible. The first reduction process observed for both the W-FCCs and Cr-FCCs is a one-electron process located on the carbene ligand. Both the metal oxidation, as well as the carbene reduction of Cr-FCCs, occurs at lower potentials than for W-FCCs. Substitution of carbonyls coordinated to the metal, or the group attached to the carbene ligand, led to similar trends related to the ease of oxidation or reduction of Cr-FCC and W-FCCs. Density functional theory calculations support and led to a better understanding of experimental electrochemical behaviour.

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Chai, Li Kheng, Kelly Rice-McNeil, and Stewart G. Trost. "Patterns and Correlates of Sedentary Behavior in Children Attending Family Child Care." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020549.

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Public health authorities recommend young children should not be sedentary for more than one hour at a time. This study assessed the frequency and duration of sedentary bouts in children attending family child care homes (FCCHs); and examined associations with FCCH provider practices related to sedentary behaviors. Overall, 127 children (aged 3.5 ± 1.1 years) from 41 FCCHs participated in the study. Sedentary bouts were measured using an accelerometer worn for the duration of FCCHs attendance over a randomly selected week. Provider practices were assessed using the Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment for Child Care self-assessment instrument. Children attending FCCHs mostly accumulated short sedentary bouts (<5 min) with very few lasting more than 10 min. Boys exhibited significantly fewer sedentary bouts, and significantly less sedentary time in bouts than girls. Children attending FCCHs that met or exceeded childcare standards for outdoor active play, had portable play equipment, offered a variety of fixed play equipment, and/or adequate indoor play space exhibited significantly fewer sedentary bouts and significantly less sedentary time accumulated in short and medium length bouts. Programs encouraging FCCHs to adopt physical activity promoting practices could potentially reduce child sedentary time while in care.

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Vargas, J. V. C. "EDITORIAL." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 02. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v7i1.61746.

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Petroleum will continue to play a key role in the world energetic matrix for long, in spite of the pessimistic predictions about the near shortage of the existing reserves. The offshore exploration technology in deep sea water has challenged such predictions. The recent discovery of oil in the pre-salt layer in the southern Brazilian sea coast is one of those events. The so called pre-salt layer consists of a region that develops along 800 kilometers between the Brazilian states of Espírito Santo and Santa Catarina, below the bottom of the sea, and encompasses three sedimentary basins (Espírito Santo, Campos and Santos). The oil found in this area is at depths that exceed 7 thousand meters, below a thick salt layer that geologists think that had the property of preserving oil quality. However, the oil found in deep sea water usually is heavy oil, and difficult to be refined, requiring refining advanced technologies of fluidized catalytic cracking unities (FCCU). Hence, there will be a demand for the construction and optimization of those unities in larger scale, requiring effective mathematical models and even new technologies. For example, currently Brazil is energetically independent, but exports heavy oil and imports light oil, due to the lack of the necessary number of FCCU’s for the efficient refining of heavy oil. Therefore, it is considered that the theoretical, numerical and experimental study of heavy oil refining technologies emerges as a promising line of research to be considered by thermal engineering scientists.

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Oh, Jae-Young, Eun-A. Kim, Sang In Kang, Hye-Won Yang, Bomi Ryu, Lei Wang, Jung-Suck Lee, and You-Jin Jeon. "Protective Effects of Fucoidan Isolated from Celluclast-Assisted Extract of Undaria pinnatifida Sporophylls against AAPH-Induced Oxidative Stress In Vitro and In Vivo Zebrafish Model." Molecules 25, no. 10 (May 19, 2020): 2361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102361.

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Fucoidan is a fucose-enriched polysaccharide, obtained from brown algae, with demonstrated antioxidant properties. However, traditional extraction methods using water or chemical-based extraction methods have reduced yield and produced hazardous by-products. In this study, we isolated fucoidan at a high yield using enzyme-assisted extraction; the Celluclast enzyme assisted extract of Undaria pinnatifida sporophylls (FCUS). To examine the antioxidant properties of FCUS, oxidative stress was induced with 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH) in Vero cells and zebrafish model. FCUS was composed of 30.4% sulfate and 52.3% fucose. Pre-treatment of Vero cells with FCUS dose dependently inhibited AAPH-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, FCUS remarkably reduced cell death, ROS generation, and lipid peroxidation production in zebrafish larvae. Overall, these findings indicate that the sulfate-rich fucoidan of FCUS, obtained with an eco-friendly process, could be implemented as a beneficial antioxidant agent in the functional food industry.

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Querdibitty, Cassandra D., Bethany Williams, Marianna S. Wetherill, Susan B. Sisson, Janis Campbell, Mary Gowin, Lancer Stephens, and Alicia L. Salvatore. "Environmental Health-Related Policies and Practices of Oklahoma Licensed Early Care and Education Programs: Implications for Childhood Asthma." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 11, 2021): 8491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168491.

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Little is known about the environmental health-related policies and practices of early care and education (ECE) programs that contribute to childhood asthma, particularly in Oklahoma where child asthma rates (9.8%) and rates of uncontrolled asthma among children with asthma (60.0%) surpass national rates (8.1% and 50.3%, respectively). We conducted a cross-sectional survey with directors of Oklahoma-licensed ECE programs to assess policies and practices related to asthma control and to evaluate potential differences between Centers and Family Childcare Homes (FCCHs). Surveyed ECEs (n = 476) included Centers (56.7%), FCCHs (40.6%), and other program types (2.7%). Almost half (47.2%) of directors reported never receiving any asthma training. More Center directors were asthma-trained than FCCH directors (61.0% versus 42.0%, p < 0.0001). Most ECEs used asthma triggers, including bleach (88.5%) and air fresheners (73.6%). Centers were more likely to use bleach daily than were FCCHs (75.6% versus 66.8%, p = 0.04). FCCHs used air fresheners more than did Centers (79.0% versus 61.0%, p < 0.0001). The majority of ECEs (74.8%) used pesticides indoors. Centers applied indoor pesticides more frequently (i.e., monthly or more often) than did FCCHs (86.0% versus 58.0%, p < 0.0001). Policy, educational, and technical assistance interventions are needed to reduce asthma triggers and improve asthma control in Oklahoma ECEs.

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Shafer, Dee Naquin. "FCC’s Copps Delivers SHHH Keynote." ASHA Leader 10, no. 10 (August 2005): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.an2.10102005.3.

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Thym, Daniel. "Separation versus Fusion – or: How to Accommodate National Autonomy and the Charter? Diverging Visions of the German Constitutional Court and the European Court of Justice." European Constitutional Law Review 9, no. 3 (November 5, 2013): 391–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019612001228.

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German Federal Constitutional Court's dialogue with the European Court of Justice – Background, trigger, contents and context of the FCC's reaction to the Åkerberg Fransson judgment – The FCC's Counter-Terrorism Database judgment – Constitutional control standards – theoretical repercussions of the judicial dispute – Underlying conceptual differences – The ‘fusion thesis’ versus the ‘separation thesis’ – Pragmatic approximation of divergent positions

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Riccardi, Cynthia L., Roger D. Ottmar, David V. Sandberg, Anne Andreu, Ella Elman, Karen Kopper, and Jennifer Long. "The fuelbed: a key element of the Fuel Characteristic Classification SystemThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Forum on the Fuel Characteristic Classification System." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 12 (December 2007): 2394–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-143.

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Wildland fuelbed characteristics are temporally and spatially complex and can vary widely across regions. To capture this variability, we designed the Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS), a national system to create fuelbeds and classify those fuelbeds for their capacity to support fire and consume fuels. This paper describes the structure of the fuelbeds internal to FCCS. Fuelbeds are considered relatively homogeneous units on the landscape, representing distinct combustion environments that determine potential fire behaviour and effects. The FCCS fuelbeds are organized into six strata: canopy, shrubs, nonwoody fuels, woody fuels, litter–lichen–moss, and ground fuels. Fuelbeds are described by several qualitative and quantitative physical and biological variables with emphasis on characteristics useful for fuels management and fire behaviour planning. The FCCS includes 216 fuelbeds that represent the major vegetation types of the United States. The FCCS fuelbeds can be used as presented or modified to create customized fuelbeds with general or site-specific data to address fire science management or research questions. This system allows resource managers to evaluate wildland fuels operations and management activities, fire hazard, and ecological and air quality impacts at small and large spatial scales. The FCCS fuelbeds represent the United States, although the system has the potential for building fuelbeds for international application.

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Dixon, Robbie J., Maki Matsuka, Roger D. Braddock, Josh M. Whitcombe, and Igor E. Agranovski. "FCCU transition-probability model." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 45, no. 3-4 (February 2007): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcm.2006.03.019.

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Lewis, Patricia Figliola. "The FCC's universal service rules (abstract)." ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society 28, no. 2 (June 1998): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/276758.276766.

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Weiser, Philip J., and Thomas Bleha. "The FCC's Real Wrongs [with Reply]." Foreign Affairs 84, no. 5 (2005): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20031714.

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Sandberg, David V., Cynthia L. Riccardi, and Mark D. Schaaf. "Fire potential rating for wildland fuelbeds using the Fuel Characteristic Classification SystemThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Forum on the Fuel Characteristic Classification System." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 12 (December 2007): 2456–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-093.

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The Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS) is a systematic catalog of inherent physical properties of wildland fuelbeds that allows land managers, policy makers, and scientists to build and calculate fuel characteristics with complete or incomplete information. The FCCS is equipped with a set of equations to calculate the potential of any real-world or simulated fuelbed to spread fire across the surface and in the crowns, and consume fuels. FCCS fire potentials are a set of relative values that rate the intrinsic physical capacity of a wildland fuelbed to release energy and to spread, crown, consume, and smolder under known or benchmark weather and fuel moisture conditions. The FCCS reports eight component fire potentials for every fuelbed, arranged in three categories: surface fire behaviour (reaction intensity, spread rate, and flame length), crown fire potential (torching and active crown fire), and available fuel potential (flaming, smouldering, and residual smouldering). FCCS fire potentials may be used to classify or compare fuelbeds that differ because of location, structure, passage of time, or management action, based on expected fire behavior or effect outcomes. As a classification tool, they are offered as an objective alternative to categorizing bulk properties of fuelbeds or stylized model inputs.

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Pieczarkowski, Stanisław, Kinga Kowalska-Duplaga, Przemko Kwinta, Przemysław Tomasik, Andrzej Wędrychowicz, and Krzysztof Fyderek. "Diagnostic Value of Fecal Calprotectin (S100 A8/A9) Test in Children with Chronic Abdominal Pain." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8089217.

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Objectives. The aim of the study was to establish whether fecal calprotectin concentration (FCC) may be useful in children with chronic abdominal pain to differentiate between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), other inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders, and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Methods. The study included 163 patients (median age 13 years), who were assigned to four study groups: group 0 (control), 22 healthy children; group 1, 33 children with functional gastrointestinal disorders; group 2, 71 children with inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders other than IBD; group 3, 37 children with IBD. FCC was measured using ELISA assay. Results. In group 0 and group 1 FCCs were below 100 μg/g. Low FCCs were found in 91% of patients in group 2. In patients with IBD FCCs were markedly elevated with median value of 1191.5 μg/g. However, in children with inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders other than IBD and in children with IBD mean FCCs were significantly higher compared with the control group. Significant differences in FCCs were also found between group 1 and group 2, between group 1 and group 3, and between group 2 and group 3. Conclusion. FCC is the best parameter allowing for differentiation between IBD, other inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders, and functional gastrointestinal disorders. High FCC is associated with a high probability of IBD and/or other inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders, and it allows excluding functional gastrointestinal disorders.

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Durepos, Pamela, Sharon Kaasalainen, Tamara Sussman, Deborah Parker, Kevin Brazil, Susan Mintzberg, and Alyssa Te. "Family care conferences in long-term care: Exploring content and processes in end-of-life communication." Palliative and Supportive Care 16, no. 5 (December 29, 2017): 590–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951517000773.

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ABSTRACTObjective:End-of-life (EoL) communication in long-term care (LTC) homes is often inadequate and delayed, leaving residents dying with unknown preferences or goals of care. Poor communication with staff contributes to families feeling unprepared, distressed, and dissatisfied with care. Family care conferences (FCCs) aim to increase structured systematic communication around goals and plans for the end of life. As part of the Strengthening a Palliative Approach to Care (SPA–LTC) project, FCCs were implemented in four LTC sites in Ontario, Canada. The purpose of this substudy was to examine FCC content and such guiding processes as documentation and multidisciplinary staff participation.Method:A total of 24 FCCs were held for residents with a Palliative Performance Scale score of 40% (nearing death). Data were collected from conference forms (i.e., Family Questionnaires, Care Plan Conference Summaries), site-specific electronic chart documents, and fieldnotes. Directed content analysis of data was informed by the Canadian Hospice Palliative Care Association's Square of Care Model, which describes eight domains of care: disease management, physical, psychological, social, practical, spiritual, EoL, and loss/bereavement.Results:The FCCs addressed an average of 71% of the content domains, with physical and EoL care addressed most frequently and loss/bereavement addressed the least. Two goals and five interventions were documented and planned on average per FCC. Examination of the processes supporting EoL communication found: (1) advantages to using FCC forms versus electronic charts; and (2) high levels of multidisciplinary participation overall but limited participation of personal support workers (PSWs) and physicians.Significance of Results:Communication around the end of life in LTC can be supported through the use of FCCs. Description of content and FCC processes provides guidance to persons implementing FCCs. Recommendations for tailoring conferences to optimize communication include use of specific conference forms, increased bereavement discussion, and further engagement of PSWs and physicians.

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Maying, Yang, Rong Gang, Wang Shuqing, Lan Hongsen, Chen Qinghai, and Kang Biao. "FCCU Reactor - Regenerator Advanced Control." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 30, no. 9 (June 1997): 691–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)43227-7.

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Sloan, Helen L. "Developing and Testing of the Foot Care Confidence Scale." Journal of Nursing Measurement 10, no. 3 (December 2002): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jnum.10.3.207.52564.

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This study developed and tested the Foot Care Confidence Scale (FCCS), an instrument designed to measure the confidence (self-efficacy) diabetics have in performing foot self care. Content validity was assessed using Lynn’s (1986) Content Validity Index (CVI) with a total of 100% content validity (Sloan, 1993). The FCCS was administered to four persons with diabetes (Sloan, 1994) and pilot tested with 41 healthy older adults (Wills & Sloan, 1995). Based on the feedback from the pilot testing and CVI panel of judges, as well as additional literature review, the instrument was revised. A study involving 122 community-dwelling older adults with a diagnosis of diabetes for five or more years was conducted. The FCCS had a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.92. Factor analysis revealed that all 12 items loaded on one factor and all 12 items are needed to measure confidence to care for one’s feet. The FCCS is a practical instrument for use in many settings, especially where time constraints exist. It may assist the nurse in evaluating and improving outcomes of self care of the feet of persons with diabetes mellitus.

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Ottmar, Roger D., David V. Sandberg, Cynthia L. Riccardi, and Susan J. Prichard. "An overview of the Fuel Characteristic Classification System — Quantifying, classifying, and creating fuelbeds for resource planningThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Forum on the Fuel Characteristic Classification System." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 12 (December 2007): 2383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-077.

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We present an overview of the Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS), a tool that enables land managers, regulators, and scientists to create and catalogue fuelbeds and to classify those fuelbeds for their capacity to support fire and consume fuels. The fuelbed characteristics and fire classification from this tool will provide inputs for current and future sophisticated models for the quantification of fire behavior, fire effects, and carbon accounting and enable assessment of fuel treatment effectiveness. The system was designed from requirements provided by land managers, scientists, and policy makers gathered through six regional workshops. The FCCS contains a set of fuelbeds representing the United States, which were compiled from scientific literature, fuels photo series, fuels data sets, and expert opinion. The system enables modification and enhancement of these fuelbeds to represent a particular scale of interest. The FCCS then reports assigned and calculated fuel characteristics for each existing fuelbed stratum including the canopy, shrubs, nonwoody, woody, litter–lichen–moss, and duff. Finally, the system classifies each fuelbed by calculating fire potentials that provide an index of the intrinsic capacity of each fuelbed to support surface fire behavior, support crown fire, and provide fuels for flaming, smoldering, and residual consumption. The FCCS outputs are being used in a national wildland fire emissions inventory and in the development of fuelbed, fire hazard, and treatment effectiveness maps on several national forests. Although the FCCS was built for the United States, the conceptual framework is applicable worldwide.

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Poole, Mary Kathryn, Angie L. Cradock, and Erica L. Kenney. "Changes in Foods Served and Meal Costs in Boston Family Child Care Homes after One Year of Implementing the New Child and Adult Care Food Program Nutrition Standards." Nutrients 12, no. 9 (September 15, 2020): 2817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092817.

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This study aimed to determine the impact of 2017 revisions to the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) nutrition standards on foods and beverages served and meal costs in family child care homes (FCCHs). Our pre–post study utilized four weeks of menus and food receipts from 13 FCCH providers in Boston, MA prior to CACFP nutrition standards changes in 2017 and again one year later, resulting in n = 476 menu observation days. We compared daily servings of food and beverage items to the updated standards. Generalized estimating equation models tested for changes in adherence to the standards and meal costs. FCCHs offered more whole grains and less juice and refined grains from baseline to follow-up. FCCHs were more likely to meet the revised whole grain standard at follow-up (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4, 5.2, p = 0.002), but rarely met all selected standards together. Inflation-adjusted meal costs increased for lunch (+$0.27, p = 0.001) and afternoon snack (+$0.25, p = 0.048). FCCH providers may need assistance with meeting CACFP standards while ensuring that meal costs do not exceed reimbursement rates.

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Satterwhite, Ellen. "Washington Hotline." College & Research Libraries News 79, no. 3 (February 27, 2018): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.79.3.150.

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Newell, Jay, and Jeffrey Layne Blevins. "Transparency in Political Advertising: Assessing the Utility and Validity of the FCC's Online Public Inspection File System." Journal of Information Policy 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 417–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.8.1.0417.

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Abstract This research explores the usability of the Federal Communication Commission's (FCC's) online Public Inspection Files to measure the sources and quantities of political advertising on broadcast television. We compared data from FCC files with data purchased from a commercial vendor in a presidential caucus campaign that stretched across nine months, including advertising sponsored by over 40 groups and totaled tens of millions of dollars. The FCC-derived and commercial data were consistent in reporting the quantity of advertising, but sponsor identification was inconsistent between data sources, raising concerns about the FCC's ability to disclose reliable information about political ad spending.

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Furuhata, Yuichi, and Akira Sasaki. "Monitoring Molecular Properties of a Fluorescence Light-Up Aptamer Using Fluorescence Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy." Applied Sciences 12, no. 4 (February 14, 2022): 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12042002.

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Fluorescence light-up aptamers (FLAPs) are tools for RNA imaging, wherein the RNA of interest is appended with a FLAP sequence that can bind to a corresponding small-molecule fluorogen and enhance its fluorescence. The fluorescence properties of FLAPs have mostly been analyzed in bulk and described as the average of a large number of RNA–fluorogen complexes. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS)- and fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS)-based quantifications of FLAPs in a solution using Broccoli, a common FLAP, and its corresponding fluorogen, DFHBI-1T. We investigated the folding efficiency, photostability, and photophysical properties of the Broccoli–DFHBI-1T complex using their FCS/FCCS characteristics. With FCS, we observed that the fluorescence was affected by the affinity between Broccoli and DFHBI-1T and the folding (maturation) state of Broccoli RNA. Moreover, the FCCS measurement of ATTO647N-labeled Broccoli and its complex with DFHBI-1T revealed the proportion of the mature Broccoli–DFHBI-1T complex. The current FCS/FCCS-based study of Broccoli–DFHBI-1T provides a model for analyzing FLAPs and their fluorogen pairs at the single-molecule level.

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Riccardi, Cynthia L., Susan J. Prichard, David V. Sandberg, and Roger D. Ottmar. "Quantifying physical characteristics of wildland fuels using the Fuel Characteristic Classification SystemThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Forum on the Fuel Characteristic Classification System." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 12 (December 2007): 2413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-175.

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Wildland fuel characteristics are used in many applications of operational fire predictions and to understand fire effects and behaviour. Even so, there is a shortage of information on basic fuel properties and the physical characteristics of wildland fuels. The Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS) builds and catalogues fuelbed descriptions based on realistic physical properties derived from direct or indirect observation, inventories, expert knowledge, inference, or simulated fuel characteristics. The FCCS summarizes and calculates wildland fuel characteristics, including fuel depth, loading, and surface area. Users may modify fuelbeds and thereby capture changing fuel conditions over time and (or) under different management prescriptions. Fuel loadings from four sample fuelbed pairs (i.e., pre- and post-prescribed fire) were calculated and compared by using FCCS to demonstrate the versatility of the system and how individual fuel components, such as shrubs, nonwoody fuels, woody fuels, and litter, can be calculated and summarized. The ability of FCCS to catalogue and summarize complex fuelbeds and reflect dynamic fuel conditions allows calculated results to be used in a variety of applications including surface and crown fire predictions, carbon assessments, and wildlife habitat management.

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Moser, Simone, Thomas Müller, Andreas Holzinger, Cornelius Lütz, Steffen Jockusch, Nicholas J. Turro, and Bernhard Kräutler. "Fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites in bananas light up blue halos of cell death." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, no. 37 (September 8, 2009): 15538–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0908060106.

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Breakdown of chlorophyll is a major contributor to the diagnostic color changes in fall leaves, and in ripening apples and pears, where it commonly provides colorless, nonfluorescent tetrapyrroles. In contrast, in ripening bananas (Musa acuminata) chlorophylls fade to give unique fluorescent catabolites (FCCs), causing yellow bananas to glow blue, when observed under UV light. Here, we demonstrate the capacity of the blue fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites to signal symptoms of programmed cell death in a plant. We report on studies of bright blue luminescent rings on the peel of very ripe bananas, which arise as halos around necrotic areas in ‘senescence associated’ dark spots. These dark spots appear naturally on the peel of ripe bananas and occur in the vicinity of stomata. Wavelength, space, and time resolved fluorescence measurements allowed the luminescent areas to be monitored on whole bananas. Our studies revealed an accumulation of FCCs in luminescent rings, within senescing cells undergoing the transition to dead tissue, as was observable by morphological textural cellular changes. FCCs typically are short lived intermediates of chlorophyll breakdown. In some plants, FCCs are uniquely persistent, as is seen in bananas, and can thus be used as luminescent in vivo markers in tissue undergoing senescence. While FCCs still remain to be tested for their own hypothetical physiological role in plants, they may help fill the demand for specific endogenous molecular reporters in noninvasive assays of plant senescence. Thus, they allow for in vivo studies, which provide insights into critical stages preceding cell death.

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Kenney, Erica L., Mary Kathryn Poole, Hannah Cory, and Angie L. Cradock. "Impact of changes to the Child and Adult Care Food Program on children’s dietary intake in family child care homes." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 11 (April 17, 2020): 2016–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019004646.

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AbstractObjective:To estimate the impact of recent changes to the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) meal pattern on young children’s diets in family child care homes (FCCHs) serving racially/ethnically diverse children.Design:In a natural experimental study of thirteen CACFP-participating FCCHs, we used digital photographs taken of children’s plates before and after meals matched with menus to measure children’s dietary intake both prior to implementation of the new meal patterns (summer/fall of 2017) and again 1 year later (summer/fall of 2018). Generalised estimating equations tested for change in intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, 100 % juice, grain-based desserts, meat/meat alternates and milk, adjusting for clustering of observations within providers.Setting:FCCHs in Boston, MA, USA.Participants:Three- to 5-year-old children attending FCCHs.Results:We observed 107 meals consumed by twenty-eight children at the thirteen FCCHs across an average of 2·5 (sd 1·3) d before the CACFP policy change, and 239 meals consumed by thirty-nine children across 3·8 d (sd 1·4) 1 year later. During lunch, fruit intake increased by about a third of a serving (+0·38 serving, 95 % CI 0·04, 0·73, P = 0·03), and whole grain intake increased by a half serving (+0·50 serving, 95 % CI 0·19, 0·82, P = 0·002). No changes were seen in other meal components.Conclusion:Young children’s dietary intake in CACFP-participating FCCHs improved following the CACFP meal pattern change, particularly for fruits and whole grains, which were targets of the new policy. Additional research should examine impacts of the changes in other child care settings, age groups and locales.

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Dinkel, Danae, Dipti Dev, Yage Guo, Emily Hulse, Zainab Rida, Ami Sedani, and Brian Coyle. "Improving the Physical Activity and Outdoor Play Environment of Family Child Care Homes in Nebraska Through Go Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment for Child Care." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 15, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 730–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2017-0411.

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Background: The purpose of this study was to determine if the Go Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment in Child Care (Go NAP SACC) intervention was effective in improving best practices in the areas of infant and child physical activity and outdoor play and learning in family child care homes (FCCHs) in Nebraska. Methods: FCCHs (n = 201) participated in a pre–post evaluation using the Infant and Child Physical Activity and Outdoor Play and Learning assessments from the Go NAP SACC validated measure to assess compliance with best practices. Results: At post, FCCHs demonstrated significant differences in 85% of the Infant and Child Physical Activity items (17 of 20) and 80% of the Outdoor Play and Learning items (12 of 15). Significant differences in best practices between urban and rural FCCH providers were also found. Conclusion: Go NAP SACC appears to be an effective intervention in Nebraska as, after participation in the initiative, providers were improving child care physical activity best practices. Additional research is needed to objectively determine if these changes resulted in objective improvements in children’s physical activity levels. Further, efforts are needed to develop and/or identify geographic-specific resources for continued improvement.

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Dodd-McCue, Diane, and Alexander Tartaglia. "The Impact of the Family Communication Coordinator (FCC) Protocol on the Role Stress of Hospital Chaplains." Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling: Advancing theory and professional practice through scholarly and reflective publications 59, no. 4 (December 2005): 345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154230500505900404.

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The Family Communication Coordinator (FCC) Protocol was implemented to provide early family intervention and to facilitate effective communications during potential organ donation cases. Previous studies found the Protocol associated with improved donor outcome measures and with reduced role stress for ICU nurses caring for potential donors. The present study examines the impact of the Protocol on the perceived role stress of hospital chaplains serving as FCCs. All hospital chaplains serving as FCCs at an academic teaching hospital were surveyed. Their perceptions of job dimensions, role stress, job satisfaction, and commitment were measured; interviews and secondary data supplemented the surveys. The findings demonstrate that the FCC Protocol is associated with improved role stress, specifically role ambiguity and role conflict, among hospital chaplains serving as FCCs. Additionally, the findings suggest that satisfaction with the Protocol may be associated with experience with the Protocol.

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Lee, Sangchul, Ali M. Sadeghi, In-Young Yeo, Gregory W. McCarty, and W. Dean Hively. "Assessing the Impacts of Future Climate Conditions on the Effectiveness of Winter Cover Crops in Reducing Nitrate Loads into the Chesapeake Bay Watersheds Using the SWAT Model." Transactions of the ASABE 60, no. 6 (2017): 1939–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12390.

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Abstract. Winter cover crops (WCCs) have been widely implemented in the Coastal Plain of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed (CBW) due to their high effectiveness in reducing nitrate loads. However, future climate conditions (FCCs) are expected to exacerbate water quality degradation in the CBW by increasing nitrate loads from agriculture. Accordingly, the question remains whether WCCs are sufficient to mitigate increased nutrient loads caused by FCCs. In this study, we assessed the impacts of FCCs on WCC nitrate reduction efficiency in the Coastal Plain of the CBW using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Three FCC scenarios (2085-2098) were prepared using general circulation models (GCMs), considering three Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) greenhouse gas emission scenarios. We also developed six representative WCC implementation scenarios based on the most commonly used planting dates and species of WCCs in this region. Simulation results showed that WCC biomass increased by ~58% under FCC scenarios due to climate conditions conducive to WCC growth. Prior to implementing WCCs, annual nitrate loads increased by ~43% under FCC scenarios compared to the baseline scenario (2001-2014). When WCCs were planted, annual nitrate loads were substantially reduced by ~48%, and WCC nitrate reduction efficiency was ~5% higher under FCC scenarios relative to the baseline scenario. The increase in WCC nitrate reduction efficiency varied with FCC scenario and WCC planting method. As CO2 concentrations were higher and winters were warmer under FCC scenarios, WCCs had greater biomass and thus demonstrated higher nitrate reduction efficiency. In response to FCC scenarios, the performance of less effective WCC practices (i.e., barley, wheat, and late planting) under the baseline scenario indicated a ~14% higher increase in nitrate reduction efficiency compared to WCC practices with greater effectiveness under the baseline scenario (i.e., rye and early planting) due to warmer temperatures. The SWAT simulation results indicated that WCCs were effective in mitigating nitrate loads accelerated by FCCs, suggesting the role of WCCs in mitigating nitrate loads will likely be even more important under FCCs. Keywords: Future climate conditions (FCCs), SWAT, Water quality, Winter cover crops (WCCs).

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Nye, Rachel. "Rethinking the distribution of English finite clausal complements." Linguistics in the Netherlands 2013 30 (November 18, 2013): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/avt.30.09nye.

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This paper advocates a new conception of the properties which determine the distribution of finite clausal complements (FCCs) in English. I argue against the orthodox view that FCCs are selected by matrix predicates on the basis of their interpretive type (Grimshaw 1979; Rizzi 1997; Ginzburg & Sag 2000), and propose that distribution rather depends on the specification of the FCC in terms of the syntactically encoded properties [+/-wh, +/-factive]. This proposal is motivated by new distributional patterns which emerge when the typology of English FCCs is expanded to take into account complementiser-how clauses (CHCs) (Legate 2010; Nye 2012). CHCs have their own unique interpretation, yet, strikingly, have exactly the same distribution as embedded exclamatives. This is unexpected under the traditional view of FCC selection, but is explained if CHCs and exclamatives are selected on the basis of a common [+wh, +factive] syntactic specification.

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Francis, Lucine, Lara Shodeinde, Maureen M. Black, and Jerilyn Allen. "Examining the Obesogenic Attributes of the Family Child Care Home Environment: A Literature Review." Journal of Obesity 2018 (June 10, 2018): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3490651.

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Childhood obesity is a major public health concern in the US. More than a third of young children 2–5 years old are placed in nonrelative child care for the majority of the day, making the child care setting an important venue to spearhead obesity prevention. Much of the obesity research in child care has focused on center-based facilities, with emerging research on Family Child Care Homes (FCCHs)—child care operated in a home setting outside the child’s home. The purpose of this review was to assess the obesogenic attributes of the FCCH environment. A search of the PubMed, Embase, CINHAL, and PsycINFO electronic databases identified 3,281 citations; 35 eligible for full-text review, and 18 articles from 17 studies in the analysis. This review found a lack of comprehensive written nutrition and physical activity policies within FCCHs, lack of FCCH providers trained in nutrition and physical activity best practices, lack of adequate equipment and space for indoor and outdoor playtime activities in FCCHs, inaccurate nutrition-related beliefs and perceptions among FCCH providers, poor nutrition-related communication with families, and poor feeding practices. Future research focusing on interventions aimed at addressing these problem areas can contribute to obesity prevention.

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Eigenmann, R., S. Metzger, and T. Foken. "Generation of free convection due to changes of the local circulation system." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 21 (November 12, 2009): 8587–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8587-2009.

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Abstract. Eddy-covariance and Sodar/RASS experimental measurement data of the COPS (Convective and Orographically-induced Precipitation Study) field campaign 2007 are used to investigate the generation of near-ground free convection conditions (FCCs) in the Kinzig valley, Black Forest, Southwest Germany. The measured high-quality turbulent flux data revealed that FCCs are initiated near the ground in situations where moderate to high buoyancy fluxes and a simultaneously occurring drop of the wind speed were present. The minimum in wind speed – observable by the Sodar measurements through the whole vertical extension of the valley atmosphere – is the consequence of a thermally-induced valley wind system, which changes its wind direction from down to up-valley winds in the morning hours. Buoyancy then dominates over shear within the production of turbulence kinetic energy near the ground. These situations are detected by the stability parameter (ratio of the measurement height to the Obukhov length) when the level of free convection, which starts above the Obukhov length, drops below that of the sonic anemometer. An analysis of the scales of turbulent motions during FCCs using wavelet transform shows the occurrence of large-scale turbulence structures. Regarding the entire COPS measurement period, FCCs in the morning hours occur on about 50% of all days. Enhanced surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat are found on these days.

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Williams, Bethany D., Susan B. Sisson, Dipti A. Dev, Bryce Lowery, Diane Horm, Janis Campbell, Denise Finneran, Jennifer Graef-Downard, and Linda Whaley. "Associations between Community Built Environments with Early Care and Education Classroom Physical Activity Practices and Barriers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 17, 2021): 6524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126524.

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The influence of community-built environments on physical activity (PA) support in Early Childhood Education settings (ECEs) is unknown. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine associations between community PA environments and ECE classroom PA practices. We included licensed Oklahoma ECE directors serving 3-to-5-year-old children. Parks and playground locations were exported from Google Earth. National Walkability Index was derived from 2010 US Census data. ArcMap 10.6 was used to geocode ECE locations, which were within an Activity Desert if no parks/playgrounds were located within a 1-mile radius or if Walkability Index was 10.5 or below. Classroom PA practices were determined by using the Nutrition and PA Self-Assessment tool (NAP SACC). Barriers to implementing practices were reported. Most Head Starts (n = 41; 80.3%), center-based childcare settings (CBC; n = 135; 87.0%), and family childcare homes (FCCHs; n = 153; 96.4%) were in an Activity Desert. Parks/playgrounds within a 10-mile buffer were correlated with classroom PA practices in FCCHs only (p < 0.001). Activity Desert status was not related to classroom PA practices for any ECE context (p > 0.029). While FCCHs may be the most vulnerable to lack of park and playground access, overall findings suggest ECEs provide a healthful micro-environment protective of the typical influence of community-built environments.

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Schaub, Florian. "The Implications of the FCC’s Net Neutrality Repeal." Media and Communication 6, no. 3 (September 26, 2018): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v6i3.1560.

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In December 2017, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) repealed US net neutrality regulation. The author discusses the meaning and importance of net neutrality, the FCC’s prior net neutrality rules and the implications of their repeal.

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Ramjee, Ramachandran, Sumit Roy, and Krishna Chintalapudi. "A Critique of FCC'S TV White Space Regulations." GetMobile: Mobile Computing and Communications 20, no. 1 (July 14, 2016): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2972413.2972421.

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Brusco, Sandro, Giuseppe Lopomo, and Leslie M. Marx. "The ‘Google effect’ in the FCC’s 700MHz auction." Information Economics and Policy 21, no. 2 (June 2009): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2009.03.001.

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Crandall, Robert W. "The FCC’s Net Neutrality Decision and Stock Prices." Review of Industrial Organization 50, no. 4 (February 11, 2017): 555–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11151-016-9557-5.

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42

Demoor-Goldschmidt, C., G. M. Q. Vu-Bezin, R. Allodji, B. Fresneau, N. Haddy, F. Doz, I. Diallo, and F. De Vathaire. "Risk of infections following spleen irradiation–FCCSS study." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 114, no. 5 (December 2022): 1072–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.09.038.

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Chen, Jing. "The Modelling by Parameter Identification and Online Simulation in Refining." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 1769–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.1769.

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FCCU (fluid catalytic cracking unit) is a complex system featured by highly non-linear, time variable, long time delay, and close coupling. Studying the process mechanism of FCCU, this paper defines a mathematical model for coupling parameter identification and online simulation. In addition, the author proposes comprehensive tuning technologies for multiple optimization and also systematically describes the cause-effect statistical law for parameter variation based on the input-and-output quantitative relation. The memory, comparison and reasoning of operation experience can help to guide the optimization operation in production process.

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Rao, Karumanchi S., Jong Sik Kim, and Yoon Soo Kim. "Early changes in the radial walls of storied fusiform cambial cells during fiber differentiation." IAWA Journal 32, no. 3 (2011): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000061.

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There is little information about the ultrastructural changes taking place in the radial walls of fusiform cambial cells during differentiation into xylem derivatives. The present study reports the early events occurring in the radial walls of fusiform cambial cells (FCCs) during fiber elongation in Holoptelea integrifolia, a deciduous tropical tree with storied cambium. Serial tangential sections of active cambial zone cells demonstrate the initiation of intrusive cell wall elongation from gabled ends of FCCs during fiber development. The elongation at the tip is followed by the axial extension of the entire cell. It was evident from ultrastructural observations made on the tangential sections that the thick beaded pattern on FCC radial walls disappear following cell elongation. PATAg staining, specific for wall polysaccharides showed that, initially, the beaded structures undergo wall loosening following hydrolysis of pectic polysaccharides in the middle lamella. Then the loosened primary walls come together with the axial extension of cells. Thus the beaded nature disappears in the differentiating cambial cells. This study highlights the cell wall changes associated with the differentiation of FCCs into fibers.

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Kinney, H., M. L. Occelli, and S. A. C. Gould. "Surface roughness measurements of vanadium-contaminated fluidized cracking catalysts by atomic force microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 866–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100166798.

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For this study we have used a contact mode atomic force microscope (AFM) to study to topography of fluidized cracking catalysts (FCC), before and after contamination with 5% vanadium. We selected the AFM because of its ability to well characterize the surface roughness of materials down to the atomic level. It is believed that the cracking in the FCCs occurs mainly on the catalysts top 10-15 μm suggesting that the surface corrugation could play a key role in the FCCs microactivity properties. To test this hypothesis, we chose vanadium as a contaminate because this metal is capable of irreversibly destroying the FCC crystallinity as well as it microporous structure. In addition, we wanted to examine the extent to which steaming affects the vanadium contaminated FCC. Using the AFM, we measured the surface roughness of FCCs, before and after contamination and after steaming.We obtained our FCC (GRZ-1) from Davison. The FCC is generated so that it contains and estimated 35% rare earth exchaged zeolite Y, 50% kaolin and 15% binder.

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Chen, Changcheng, Jingjing An, Chuang Wang, Xiaorong Duan, Shiyu Lu, Hangyu Che, Meiwei Qi, and Da Yan. "Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Joint Optimization Control of Indoor Temperature and Relative Humidity in Office Buildings." Buildings 13, no. 2 (February 4, 2023): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020438.

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Indoor temperature and relative humidity control in office buildings is crucial, which can affect thermal comfort, work efficiency, and even health of the occupants. In China, fan coil units (FCUs) are widely used as air-conditioning equipment in office buildings. Currently, conventional FCU control methods often ignore the impact of indoor relative humidity on building occupants by focusing only on indoor temperature as a single control object. This study used FCUs with a fresh-air system in an office building in Beijing as the research object and proposed a deep reinforcement learning (RL) control algorithm to adjust the air supply volume for the FCUs. To improve the joint control satisfaction rate of indoor temperature and relative humidity, the proposed RL algorithm adopted the deep Q-network algorithm. To train the RL algorithm, a detailed simulation environment model was established in the Transient System Simulation Tool (TRNSYS), including a building model and FCUs with a fresh-air system model. The simulation environment model can interact with the RL agent in real time through a self-developed TRNSYS–Python co-simulation platform. The RL algorithm was trained, tested, and evaluated based on the simulation environment model. The results indicate that compared with the traditional on/off and rule-based controllers, the RL algorithm proposed in this study can increase the joint control satisfaction rate of indoor temperature and relative humidity by 12.66% and 9.5%, respectively. This study provides preliminary direction for a deep reinforcement learning control strategy for indoor temperature and relative humidity in office building heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems.

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Layton, Roslyn, and David Witkowski. "5G Versus Wi-Fi: Challenges for Economic, Spectrum, and Security Policy." Journal of Information Policy 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 523–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.11.2021.0523.

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ABSTRACT The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) declares that 5G and Wi-Fi are complementary technologies. This sanguine observation belies the intense competition between policy actors to secure finite radio spectrum for these technologies. Although consumers may experience the “seamlessness” enabled by wireless technologies, there are important economic, spectrum, and security differences between 5G and Wi-Fi. The technical elements of 5G and Wi-Fi have different security vulnerabilities in protocols, infrastructure, encryption, authentication, and equipment. The FCC spectrum allocation decisions have inherent security implications, particularly when it can deem a spectrum band for licensed or unlicensed use. To demonstrate the differences and the policy implications, the article reviews the FCC's C-band auction for 280 MHz for 5G and the FCC's 6 gigahertz (GHz) proceeding for 1200 MHz for unlicensed use, though Wi-Fi is considered the leading application. Although an imperfect analysis, a preliminary comparison suggests that the C-band spectrum provides 4.5 times more economic value per MHz than Wi-Fi in the 6 GHz band. The article briefly explores the role of institutional entrepreneurship to suggest that the FCC's spectrum decisions are not necessarily a straightforward comparison of the cost and benefits of the technologies but rather the outcome of a complex interplay of policy actors, particularly trade associations. The recent experience offers a counterpoint to the regulatory enthusiasm for unlicensed use and suggests a revisiting of the calculations of opportunity cost in spectrum allocation models.

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Crochiere, Marsha L., Stefan Hannus, Kerrin Hansen, Frank Becker, Joel Ellis, Margaret S. Lee, and Yosef Landesman. "Development of a Pharmacodynamic Assay for XPO1 Occupancy Using Fluorescence Cross Correlation Spectroscopy (FCCS)." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 2487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.2487.2487.

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Abstract Introduction: Selinexor, a Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compound, is an anti-cancer drug that is currently being evaluated in Phase I and II clinical trials for the treatment of solid and hematological malignancies (clinicaltrials.gov). XPO1 (exportin 1/CRM1), the target of selinexor, is commonly overexpressed in cancer. XPO1 is the main nuclear export protein with over 200 different protein cargos which include tumor suppressor and growth regulatory proteins. Binding of selinexor to XPO1 inhibits the nuclear export of TSPs and GRPs and induces cell cycle arrest followed by cancer cell apoptosis.Certain cancers are more sensitive to selinexor than others. We hypothesized that part of the inherent differences in sensitivities are attributed to different levels of target inactivation upon selinexor binding. To predict patient response to treatment, we developed a binding assay based on Fluorescence Cross Correlation Spectroscopy (FCCS) to measure XPO1 target occupancy in cancer cells. Methods: Cells were treated in culture for 4 hours with 0-10 µM selinexor. Cells were harvested, lysed, and cleared by ultracentrifugation. In vivo, nude mice were inoculated in both flanks with Z-138 tumor cells. Once tumors reached approximately 250 mm3, mice were administered a single dose of 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 mg/kg selinexor. Tumors were harvested 6 hours post-dose, lysed, and cleared by ultracentrifugation. Cell or tumor supernatants were incubated with a fluorescently labeled antibody (Ab) against XPO1 and fluorescently labeled Leptomycin B (LMB). To allow binding of labeled Ab and LMB to XPO1, samples were measured by FCCS after 15, 120, and 1200 minutes. FCCS measures signal fluctuations induced by fluorescent molecules diffusing through an illuminated microscopic detection spot. The approach allows simultaneous monitoring of 2 different fluorescently labeled molecules and extracts information on particle concentration, size, binding state, and molecular brightness. Interacting particles are scored by codiffusion. FCCS measurements were performed to quantify the concentration of dually labeled XPO1 molecules in prepared lysates. In the absence of selinexor, complexes of XPO1, the labeled antibody (aXPO1ABATTO488), and the red labeled LMB (LMBDY647) are formed and indicate low target occupancy. XPO1 molecules occupied by selinexor cannot bind to the labeled tracer and decrease the number of dually labeled particles. Accordingly, loss of complex formation is a measure of target occupancy in cells and tumor samples. Results: Comparison of cytotoxicity and XPO1 binding in hematological cell lines treated with increasing concentrations of selinexor in vitro indicated that XPO1 occupancy by selinexor occurred to the same extent regardless of drug sensitivity (Table 1). However, there were two observations that distinguished the selinexor-resistant cell line THP-1 from the other 3 sensitive cell lines (Table 1): 1. Untreated THP-1 cells had the highest XPO1 occupancy of fluorescently labeled LMB compared to lower values in more sensitive cells, and 2. Treatment of THP-1 cells with very low dose selinexor (10 nM) demonstrated lower saturation of XPO1 protein, while treatment of MV-4-11, Z-138, and MM.1S with 10 nM selinexor resulted in marked XPO1 occupancy. These results suggest that high levels of XPO1 proteins might lead to resistance to XPO1 inhibition. We are currently testing whether these two observations are general predictors of resistance in other cell lines. Mouse studies showed that XPO1 target occupancy could be measured in tumors and that there was a dose-dependent effect of selinexor on complex formation with >90% target saturation at 10 mg/kg selinexor (estimated Cmax ~2400 ng/ml). Conclusions: For the first time, the FCCS method permits the direct measurement XPO1 occupancy by selinexor in cells and tumors following treatment. Here, we demonstrate XPO1 occupancy saturation at 10 mg/kg (30 mg/m2) in mice, a dose active against xenografts, and consistent with doses of selinexor that show anti-cancer activity in patients with heavily pretreated hematologic and solid tumors. Table 1. Cytotoxicity and FCCS values for cell lines. Cell Line MTT IC50 (nM) FCCS IC50 (nM) FCCS Complex without selinexor (nM) FCCS Complex with 10 nM selinexor (nM) THP-1 1060 35.5 3.95 3.19 MV-4-11 20 56.2 2.55 1.9 Z-138 40 24.0 0.72 0.66 MM.1S 20 20.4 2.25 1.64 Disclosures Crochiere: Karyopharm: Employment. Hannus:Intana: Employment. Hansen:Intana: Employment. Becker:Intana: Employment. Ellis:Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc: Employment. Lee:Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc: Employment. Landesman:Karyopharm: Employment.

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Tian, Wen De, Shan Jun Mu, Man Man Jin, Chun Li Wang, and Chuan Kun Li. "Dynamic Simulation of FCCU under Abnormal Condition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.235.

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The dynamic mathematical model of FCCU reactor was established. Reaction kinetics uses five parameter lumped model, with components emulated by similar hydrocarbons. Simulation system was built to simulate normal conditions, and the effect of some abnormal conditions on charred tank’s exit oxygen content, charred tank’s temperature (not cooled), charred tank’s temperature (cooled) were studied. Because the abnormal condition is the combustion of regenerator’s dilute phase’s extremity, this paper used the amount of carbon monoxide’s combustion to simulate this abnormal condition.With the variation of the charred tank’s exported oxygen content or temperature reflects the degree of dilute phase’s combustion. The results show that the dynamic simulation of the system can accurately simulate the cracking reactor abnormal condition.

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Yihui, Jin, and Ju Junrang. "Modelling and Advanced Process Control for FCCU." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 23, no. 8 (August 1990): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)51423-8.

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Journal articles on the topic 'FCCUs'

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