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Suk, Ji Young. "Molecular consequences of protein misfolding mutations in FBN1." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270282.
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Halliday, Dorothy Jean. "Molecular analysis of FBN1 mutations in Marfan syndrome and related disorders." Thesis, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272202.
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Hutchinson, Sarah. "Molecular analysis of the Marfan syndrome." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343402.
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Delhon, Laure. "Rôle d’ADAMTSL2 et FBN1 dans l’ossification endochondrale : étude des modèles murins mimant la dysplasie géléophysique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB081/document.
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La dysplasie géléophysique (DG) est une maladie rare qui appartient à la famille des dysplasies acroméliques. Cette pathologie est caractérisée par un retard statural, une brachydactylie, une raideur articulaire, une dysmorphie faciale, une peau épaisse, une atteinte bronchopulmonaire et une surcharge valvulaire cardiaque conduisant le plus souvent à une mort précoce dans les premières années de la vie. Deux modes de transmissions ont été identifiés. Le premier autosomique récessif est dû à des mutations dans le gène ADAMTSL2. Le second, autosomique dominant est dû à un hot-spot de mutations dans les exons 41 et 42 qui codent pour le domaine Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) β-binding protein-like domain 5 (TB5) du gène FBN1. FBN1 et ADAMTSL2 codent pour des protéines sécrétées de la matrice extracellulaire (MEC). FBN1 code pour la fibrilline-1, une composante des microfibrilles qui jouent un rôle dans la biodisponibilité du TGFβ. La protéine ADAMTSL2 fait partie de la famille des ADAMTS mais n’a pas d’activité enzymatique dû à l’absence de domaine catalytique. Sa fonction est encore inconnue. Cependant des partenaires d’ADAMTSL2 ont été identifiés par notre équipe : latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 1 (LTBP1) et FBN1 qui sont directement impliqués dans le stockage de TGFβ. Récemment une autre protéine, FBN2, a aussi été découverte comme partenaire d’ADAMTSL2 (Hubmacher D et. al.). L’objectif de ma thèse était de comprendre le mécanisme physiopathologique de la DG, grâce à l’analyse de modèles murins. Un premier modèle murin pour la forme récessive de la DG appelé CreCMV; Adamtsl2f/f (ou KO) a été généré. L’analyse phénotypique de ces souris a montré un retard statural, des os longs courts, des extrémités courtes. Dans les plaques de croissance des os longs des souris mutantes, nous avons observé une désorganisation des colonnes chondrocytaires associée à une diminution de l’expression du collagène de type 10, marqueur de la différentiation des chondrocytes. L’analyse de la matrice extracellulaire des plaques de croissance a révélé une désorganisation structurale importante. Une diminution de la fibrilline-1 et de LTBP-1 a été observée ainsi qu’une augmentation de l’activation de la voie de signalisation TGFβ au niveau de la plaque de croissance des souris mutantes. Nous avons observé une désorganisation du réseau microfibrillaire sur des cultures de chondrocytes de souris mutantes. Ces résultats nous ont permis de suggérer que la protéine ADAMTSL2 est impliquée dans la structure du réseau microfibrillaire, lieu de stockage du TGFβ et de démontrer un rôle majeur d’ADAMTSL2 dans la régulation de la chondrogenèse. Afin d’étudier la forme dominante de la DG, le modèle FBN1TB5+/- a été généré. Il est issu d’un système knock-in avec une mutation dans l’exon 42 du gène fbn1 qui correspond au domaine TB5 de la fibrilline-1. Nos résultats ont montré une réduction de la taille des souris hétérozygotes et homozygotes en comparaison aux souris sauvages au stade P1 et P30. Au stade P1, nous avons observé des chondrocytes plus larges et une dérégulation des marqueurs de la chondrogenèse au niveau de la plaque de croissance des fémurs des souris hétérozygotes, ainsi que chez les souris homozygotes. De plus, nous avons observé une très forte mortalité des souris homozygotes vers l’âge de 2 ou 3 mois. Nous en avons conclu que des mutations domaine TB5 de la fibrilline étaient liées à un retard statural et donc que FBN1 avait un rôle majeur dans la chondrogenèseGeleophysic dysplasia (GD) is a rare disease, which belong to acromelic group. This pathology is characterized by short stature, brachydactyly, joint stiffness, thick skin, facial dimorphism, broncho-pulmonary insufficiency and cardiac disease which lead to an early death in the first years of life. Two mode of inheritance have been identified. The first one, autosomal recessive, is due to mutations in ADAMTSL2 gene. The second, autosomal dominant, is due to hot-spot mutations in exon 41-42 of FBN1 gene, which encode the Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) β-binding protein-like domain 5 (TB5) of the protein. FBN1 and ADAMTSL2 encode secreted proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM). FBN1 encodes fibrilline-1, component of microfibrillar network, playing a role in the bioavailability of TGF- β. ADAMTSL2 protein belongs to ADAMTS family, but does not have enzymatic activity due to lack of catalytic domain. Its function remains unknown. However, ADAMTSL2 partners have been identified by our team: latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 1 (LTBP1) and FBN1, which are directly implied in storage of TGF-β. Recently, another protein, FBN2, have been identified as an ADAMTSL2 partner (Hubmacher D et. al.). The aim of my study was to understand the physiopathological mechanism of Geleophysic dysplasia by analysing murine models. A first murine model for the GD recessive form, CreCMV; Adamtsl2f/f (KO), have been generated. Phenotypic analysis of these mice showed short stature and shorter long bones and extremities. In long bone growth plate of mutant mice, we observed disorganization of chondrocyte columns, associated with decrease of collagen 10 expression, marker of chondrocyte differentiation. Analysis of ECM in growth plate revealed strong structural disorganization. Decrease of FBN1 and LTBP1 and were observed with an overactivation of TGF-β pathway in growth plate of mutant mice. We observed disorganization of microfibrillar network in chondrocyte cultures of mutant mice. These results suggest that ADAMTSL2 protein is implied in structure of microfibrillar network, where is stored TGF-β, and demonstrate major role of ADAMTSL2 in chondrogenesis. In order to study dominant form of GD, mouse model FBN1TB5+/-, have been generated. The mice were obtained by knock-in system, with mutation in exon 42 of FBN1 gene. Our results showed short stature of heterozygous (HT) and homozygous (Ho) mice compared to wild)type mice, at stage P1 and P30. At stage P1, we observed larger chondrocytes and deregulation of chondrogenesis markers in growth plate of HT and Ho mice. Furthermore, we observed high mortality of Ho mice at 2-3 months. We concluded that mutations in TB5 domain of FBN1 were linked to short stature and thus FBN1 have major role in chondrogenesis
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Ades, Lesley Carole. "The Marfan syndrome and related phenotypes : delineation of various phenotypes and analysis of the fibrillin gene (FBN1) for putative mutations /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mda232.pdf.
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McGettrick, Aileen Jane. "Molecular consequences of mutations in FBNI." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249501.
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Bastos, Marcelo Bratenahl. "Estudo de obtenção de revestimento de elementos combustíveis para reatores FBNR." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/25072.
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Este trabalho teve por objetivo obter revestimento de carbeto de silício para esferas combustíveis utilizadas em reatores nucleares do tipo FBNR, através da sinterização de SiC por reação com silício metálico (RBSiC). As matérias-primas foram moídas em moinho de bolas por 24 horas e as temperaturas utilizadas na sinterização foram de 1500° e 2000°C, durante tempos que variaram de 30 a 240 minutos. As amostras foram caracterizadas quanto a fases cristalinas, densidade, microestrutura e resistência mecânica. As peças sinterizadas a 2000°C apresentaram valores de resistência mecânica na faixa de 95 MPa, e densidade de cerca de 90% foram alcançadas, superiores aos valores encontrados para 1500°C.Foram obtidos revestimentos com as técnicas de gel casting e spin coating. A resistência mecânica desses revestimentos foi de, aproximadamente, 50% das amostras sinterizadas a 2000°C.The aim of this work was to get covering of silicon carbide for use in nuclear fuel reactors of type FBNR, through the sintering of SiC by reaction bonded silicon carbide (RBSiC). The samples were homogenized in a ball mill and the sintering temperatures were 1500°C and 2200°C, during times that varied of 30 until 240 minutes. The product was characterized by crystalline phases, density, microstructure and mechanical resistance. The samples sintering at 2000°C had presented values of mechanical resistance around of 95 MPa, and density around 90%, better that samples sintering at 1500°C. Gel casting and Spin coating techniques had success in coverings process. The mechanical resistance of this coverings were around 50% of the samples sintering at 2000°C.
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Payne, Miranda. "Characterization of mouse embryonic stem cells deficient in Fbh1 and Blm helicases." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526496.
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Vincent, Olivier. "Identification et caracterisation d'elements regulateurs de la transcription du gene fbp1 de saccharomyces cerevisiae." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077315.
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Parmi la grande variete de sources de carbone que la levure saccharomyces cerevisiae est capable d'utiliser, le glucose occupe une place preferentielle. Il est a l'origine d'un certain nombre d'effets physiologiques chez cet organisme, qui se traduisent notamment par la repression de la transcription de genes codant pour des enzymes impliques dans le metabolisme des sources de carbone alternatives. Nous avons caracterise plusieurs elements regulateurs du promoteur du gene fbp1 qui code pour lenzyme neoglucogenique fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase et qui est reprime par le glucose. Nous avons mis en evidence l'union in vitro a certaines sequences du promoteur de ce gene de plusieurs proteines, dont le represseur mig1 qui intervient dans la repression catabolique de nombreux genes. Nous avons teste la capacite de ces regions du promoteur a activer ou reprimer la transcription d'un promoteur heterologue fusionne au gene lacz. Nous avons identifie deux elements activateurs amont du site d'union de mig1. Nous avons montre que l'ensemble des elements regulateurs de ce promoteur est controle par le glucose et par la proteine kinase cat1 qui est un element central dans le processus de repression catabolique
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Bacquin, Agathe. "Régulation de l’hélicase FBH1 et conséquences sur le maintien de la stabilité génétique chez l’homme." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T060.
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Bien que la recombinaison homologue (RH) soit requise, notamment, pour la réparation fidèle des cassures double brins et la prise en charge des fourches de réplication bloquées, une mauvaise régulation de ce mécanisme peut provoquer des réarrangements chromosomiques importants et des pertes d’hétérozygoties. Chez la levure S. cerevisiae, la forme SUMOylée du facteur de processivité des polymérases réplicatives, PCNA, recruterait l’hélicase Srs2 au niveau des fourches de réplication bloquées afin de prévenir les évènements de RH inappropriés via la dissociation du nucléofilament de Rad51. Préalablement à ce projet, notre équipe a montré que la SUMOylation de PCNA sur la lysine 164 existe chez l’homme et qu’elle est présente en particulier dans les cellules déficientes en polymérase translésionnelle η (Pol η). Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons d’abord examiné la localisation de cette forme SUMOylée et montrons qu’elle s’accumule au niveau des dommages induits par une irradiation aux ultra-violets (UV), ce qui suggère son implication dans la réponse à ce type de lésions.Dans le but de préciser la fonction de cette forme modifiée, nous nous sommes demandé si celle-ci était impliquée dans le recrutement d’une hélicase anti-recombinogène.L’hélicase humaine FBH1 a été proposée récemment comme homologue fonctionnel potentiel de Srs2 : elle complémente partiellement les levures déficientes en Srs2, possède une activité anti-recombinogène et s’accumule aux sites de cassures double brins ou de stress réplicatif. Afin de caractériser plus précisément la fonction et le mode de régulation de l’hélicase FBH1 dans les cellules humaines, nous avons examiné sa localisation subcellulaire en l’absence de dommage et après traitement aux UV et à un agent méthylant l’ADN. Nous montrons que FBH1 est recrutée au niveau des foyers de réplication où elle est colocalisée avec PCNA. Après traitement génotoxique, FBH1 s’accumule aux sites de dommages de l’ADN de façon précoce et transitoire. Nous montrons que PCNA contrôle l’accumulation de FBH1 pendant la réplication et en réponse à des dommages via une interaction directe par le biais de deux motifs distincts d’interaction à PCNA : PIP et APIM. FBH1 n’interagit cependant pas de façon préférentielle avec PCNA-SUMO.De plus, nous montrons que le recrutement de FBH1 est suivi de sa polyubiquitination et de sa dégradation par la voie du protéasome. Cette dégradation dépend de l’action conjuguée de PCNA et du complexe ubiquitine-ligase CRL4Cdt2. Elle est nécessaire au recrutement optimal de Pol η.Notre hypothèse est donc que FBH1 serait recrutée sur l’ADN via une interaction avec PCNA au moment de la réplication ou en réponse à un stress génotoxique, afin de limiter les événements de recombinaison non programmés dépendant de RAD51. Par la suite, PCNA et CRL4Cdt2 provoqueraient la dégradation de FBH1 afin de limiter le temps de résidence de l’hélicase qui pourrait interférer avec la prise en charge des dommages par le mécanisme de synthèse translésionnelleAlthough Homologous Recombination (HR) is required for error-free repair of double-strand breaks and stalled or collapsed replication forks, it has to be highly regulated to prevent unscheduled genome rearrangements and loss of heterozygosity. In yeast S. cerevisiae, the SUMOylated form of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) recruits the DNA helicase Srs2 at stalled replication forks to prevent unscheduled HR events by disrupting Rad51 nucleoprotein. In our laboratory, previous results showed that PCNA is also SUMOylated in human on lysine 164, especially in translesion polymerase η (Pol η) deficient cells.During my phD, I first studied the localization of SUMO-PCNA and showed that it accumulates at UV-induced DNA damage. It suggests that PCNA is involved in the DNA damage response to this kind of lesions. To characterize the function of this modified form of PCNA, we wondered whether it could recruit an anti-recombinogenic helicase.The human FBH1 helicase was recently thought to act as a functional homolog of Srs2, since it can partially complement Srs2-deficient S. cerevisiae strains. Besides, hFBH1 has an anti-recombinogenic activity and accumulates at sites of DNA breaks or replication stress.To further characterize the function and regulation of hFBH1 in human cells, we examined its subcellular localization in response to several DNA damaging agents. Our results showed that, without external treatment, FBH1 accumulates into replication foci where it colocalizes with PCNA. After genotoxic treatment, FBH1 accumulates early ant transiently to DNA damage. We show that PCNA coordinates the accumulation of FBH1 during replication and after DNA damage through direct interaction via two distinct PCNA interaction motifs: PIP and APIM. However, FBH1 does not interact preferentially with SUMO-PCNA.We also show that FBH1 recruitment is followed by its polyubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. This degradation depends on PCNA and the ubiquitin-ligase CRL4Cdt2 and is required for Pol η proper recruitment to UV-induced DNA damage. These findings suggest that PCNA recruits FBH1 at stalled replication forks or in response to DNA damage to limit unscheduled RAD51-dependent recombination. Then, PCNA and CRL4Cdt2 would promote FBH1 degradation to enable translesion synthesis
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Villela, Paulo Márcio Faria. "Interação da adubação nitrogenada e Azospirillum brasiliense em soqueira de cana-de-açúcar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-12022019-111045/.
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A cana-de-açúcar é uma das principais culturas no cenário nacional e tem grande importância nos fatores econômicos, sociais e ambientais. O nitrogênio é um macronutriente essencial para a planta e a adubação nitrogenada é um manejo de muita importância, mas ao mesmo tempo difícil de se trabalhar devido a suas formas de perdas no solo e na planta. A inoculação com bactérias do gênero Azospirillum em cana-de-açúcar pode ser considerada uma alternativa capaz de contribuir para a sustentabilidade do manejo da adubação nitrogenada e do seu melhor aproveitamento. O objetivo do trabalho foi de verificar se há benefícios da bactéria Azospirillum no manejo da adubação nitrogenada em soqueira de cultura da cana-de- açúcar, minimizar a adubação nitrogenada com o uso de inoculação da bactéria Azospirillum. O experimento foi realizado em Porto Ferreira - SP, o delineamento foi em blocos casualizados com 7 tratamentos (0 kg N/ha, 120 kg N/ha, 60 kg N/ha, 60 kg N/ha + 200 ml Azospirillum, 60 kg N/ha + 400 ml Azospirillum, 60 kg N/ha + 600 ml Azospirillum e 60 kg N/ha + 800 ml Azospirillum). Observamos que não houve respostas para a adubação nitrogenada e nem para a aplicação foliar de Azospirillum em soqueira de CTC 20, somente para as doses de Azospirillum apresentou resposta quadrática com a máxima produção de colmos e açúcar por unidade de área para 400 mL do inoculante, para os parâmetros tecnológicos não houve efeito da adubação nitrogenada e nem da inoculação com Azospirillum, a inoculação com Azospirillum e a adubação nitrogenada não implicaram em respostas nos teores de macro e micronutrientes em soqueira de CTC 20, a adubação nitrogenada e a inoculação não afetaram nos teores de clorofila da folha da cana-de-açúcar.Sugarcane is one of the main crops on the national scene and has great importance in social, social and environmental factors. Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient for a plant and nitrogen fertilization is a very important management, but at the same time difficult to work due to its loss of soil and plant. Inoculation with the genus Azospirillum cana-of-coal may be an alternative capable of contributing to the sustainability of nitrogen fertilization and its better utilization. The objective of this work was to verify the advantages of the Azospirillum bacterium in the nitrogen fertilization in a sugar cane crop soya, in a nitrogen fertilization with the inoculation of the Azospirillum bacterium. The experiment was carried out in Porto Ferreira - SP, Brazil, in a randomized block design with 7 sessions (0 kg N / ha, 120 kg N / ha, 60 kg N / ha, 60 kg N / ha + 200 ml Azospirillum, 60 kg N / ha + 400 ml Azospirillum, 60 kg N / ha + 600 ml Azospirillum and 60 kg N / ha + 800 ml Azospirillum). Observations that were not necessary for nitrogen fertilization or for the Azospirillum foliar application in CTC 20 ratoon, only for the doses of Azospirillum, which were added to the nutrient solution of 400 mL of the inoculant, Nitrogenated Nitrogenated Nitrogenated Nitrogenated Nitrogenated Nitrogenated nitrogenous nitrogen in the nitrogenium nitrogen and nitrogliceric acid nitrogen nitrogen in the soil of nitrogliceric acid nitrogen and the inoculation nitrogen nitrogen chlorophyll of the leaf of the sugarcane.
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Sivathasan, Sashigaran. "Hybrid radio frequency/free space optical communications for energy-efficient wireless sensor networks." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:aee0f605-fb71-467b-9136-6816abaedcf1.
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A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a large number of networked sensor nodes deployed to sense and report a particular phenomenon to a base station. Currently, most WSNs use radio frequency (RF) communications, and this accounts for a significant amount of energy expended. Free space optical (FSO) communications using modulating retroreflectors is potentially attractive for WSNs, due to the lower communications energy required. However, for FSO communications, line of sight (LOS) is required between the transmitter and the receiver. In this thesis, a hybrid Radio Frequency/Free Space Optical (RF/FSO) WSN is proposed. FSO links are used for communications, with RF links providing backup in the absence of LOS. This network has the potential to lower the overall energy consumption of a traditional RF-only WSN. Chapter 1 introduces the WSN and outlines the motivation for the RF/FSO WSN. Chapters 2 and 3 describe the RF and FSO link models used for the RF/FSO WSN. Chapter 4 describes how the WSN networks are configured. The energy model for the sensor node is discussed in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 discusses how network traffic and energy consumption are modelled. The results of the RF/FSO WSN simulations are presented in Chapter 7. Chapter 8 discusses the conclusions from the thesis and suggests areas for future work. Simulations show that for the wide range of scenarios considered, the RF/FSO WSN consumes less energy and has a lifetime at least twice as long as the RF-only WSN. For low and average optical blocking conditions, the RF/FSO WSN is also able to offer at least the same level of network coverage as the RF-only WSN.
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Lapie, Pascale, and F. LACROUTE. "Localisation des sequences cis-regulatrices et identification de facteurs trans-regulateurs du gene fbp1 de d. Melanogaster." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066587.
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L'objectif de ce travail etait de completer l'etude de la regulation de la transcription du gene fat-body protein 1 (fbp1) de drosophila melanogaster. Ce gene est exprime specifiquement dans le corps gras des larves de troisieme stade et est inductible par l'hormone steroide de la mue, l'ecdysone. La region amont de 1,5 kb cis-regulatrice de ce gene contient un element enhancer proximal de reponse a l'ecdysone de 70 pb, les sequences distales a cet element etant responsables du niveau de transcription du gene. Afin de localiser les elements cis-regulateurs impliques dans le niveau de transcription de ce gene, j'ai utilise une approche permettant de s'affranchir des effets de position couramment rencontres dans les experiences de transgenese chez la drosophile. Cette approche a consiste a deleter, a l'aide de la transposase p, les sequences internes d'un transgene contenant la region amont de 1,5 kb du gene fbp1 fusionnee a un gene rapporteur. Elle m'a permis de localiser principalement une region distale localisee au voisinage du nucleotide -1105 regulant negativement la transcription du gene et une courte sequence de 32 pb (localisee entre les coordonnees -194 et -162) proche de l'enhancer proximal amplifiant la transcription d'au moins un facteur 5. L'identification des facteurs trans-regulateurs du gene fbp1 se fixant sur les regions ainsi identifiees a ete entreprise. J'ai mis en evidence par des experiences de retard de migration sur gel l'interaction des facteurs aef-1 et dmc/ebp presents dans le corps gras larvaire avec la region regulatrice distale du gene fbp1. Cette meme approche m'a permis de mettre en evidence la fixation d'un facteur present specifiquement dans le corps gras larvaire sur l'element amplificateur de 32 pb de ce gene et de preciser les sequences d'adn impliquees dans cette interaction. Je presenterai aussi des resultats suggerant l'interaction des produits du gene broad-complex avec l'enhancer proximal du gene fbp1
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Tome, Daniel Filipe Araujo. "Investigations into extracellular ATP signalling and FB1-induced cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Durham University, 2011. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3356/.
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Extracellular ATP (eATP) is an important signalling molecule involved in regulation of plant growth and development, interactions with other organisms and responses to several environmental stimuli. The molecular targets mediating the physiological effects of eATP in plants remain to be identified. The work presented in this thesis focuses on identifying the signalling components that underlie the physiological roles of eATP in plants, with a strong emphasis on cell death control. An Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) cell culture system combined with 2-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry was used to identify proteins differentially expressed following ATP treatment. Twenty four putative cell death proteins were identified using the cell death-inducing toxin Fumonisin B1 (FB1) in combination with an ATP reversal filter. The potential role of these candidates in eATP- regulated cell death was tested using a variety of cell death assays on Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion KO mutants. The mitochondrial ATP synthase β-subunit, AT5G08690, was shown to be a novel cell death gene. The early effects of eATP on global protein and transcript abundance were also investigated. 2D-DiGE identified 53 proteins differentially regulated by ATP and bioinformatic analysis revealed new effects of eATP on general metabolism. Re- examination of a previously acquired DNA chip experiment that used ATP and FB1 treatments identified 10 genes that are differentially expressed within minutes by eATP that can be used as molecular markers. 2D-DiGE proteomics was also used to investigate the specific toxic effects of FB1 on Arabidopsis. A subset of proteins that were specifically regulated by FB1 treatment were tested for a role in FB1-induced cell death using cell death assays on Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion KO mutants. The UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, AT3G03250, was identified as a cell death gene responsive to FB1.
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NASCIMENTO, Luciana Remigio Santos. "Diversidade de isolados bacterianos e sua influência na FBN em diferentes coberturas vegetais." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2013. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5226.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The diversity of soil microorganisms interact directly with the vegetation cover. Legumes play a fundamental role in soil fertility by adding nitrogen contributing to the maintenance and balance of the ecosystems. The main scope of this study was to evaluate the effect of vegetation on rhizobia diversity for effective nodulation and N2 fixation in the tree legumes: leucena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit.) and sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.) grown in a Luvisol from the semiarid region of Pernambuco state, Brazil. Samples were collected in the field in soil submitted to different vegetation cover (leucena, sabiá, preserved caatinga, savannah and intercropping maize-beans). A greenhouse experiment was carried out with the soil samples grown leucena and mimosa tree legumes. The isolates obtained from the root nodules were morphologically characterized and grouped to study the diversity, by the construction of dendrograms and calculate the diversity index. The capacity of nitrogen fixation by leucena and mimosa was assessed by means of the natural abundance of 15N. There was a great diversity among bacterial isolates regarding their morphological and physiological characteristics showing a diverse population varying with the different vegetation cover. Soils with vegetation cover less disturbed showed the best results in biological nitrogen fixation and leucena displayed the highest percentage of N2 fixation evaluated by the natural abundance of 15N, especially in soils under savannah vegetation and preserved caatinga.
A diversidade de microrganismos do solo está diretamente relacionada com a cobertura vegetal. As leguminosas desempenham um papel fundamental na fertilidade do solo pela adição de nitrogênio contribuindo para a manutenção e equilíbrio dos ecossistemas. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da vegetação na diversidade de rizóbio para nodulação eficaz e fixação de N2 em leguminosas arbóreas: leucena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit).) e sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.) cultivadas em um Luvissolo do semiárido do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Amostras foram coletadas em campo em solo submetido a diferentes coberturas vegetais (leucena, sabiá, caatinga preservada, capoeira e consorciação de milho e feijão). Foi realizado um experimento em casa de vegetação com as amostras de solo cultivadas com as espécies de leguminosas arbóreas leucena e sabiá, como plantas isca para isolar rizóbios. Os isolados de rizóbios obtidos a partir de nódulos radiculares foram caracterizados morfologicamente e agrupados de modo a estudar a diversidade, pela construção de dendrogramas e de índice de diversidade. A capacidade de fixação de nitrogênio por leucena e sabiá foi avaliada por meio da abundância natural de 15N. Houve uma grande diversidade entre os isolados bacterianos em relação as suas características morfofisiológicas mostrando uma população diversificada, variando de acordo com as diferentes coberturas vegetais. Solos com a vegetação menos perturbada apresentaram os melhores resultados em fixação biológica de nitrogênio. As plantas de leucena apresentaram o maior percentual de fixação do N2 avaliado pela abundância natural de 15N, especialmente em solos sob vegetação de capoeira e caatinga preservada.
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Souto, Pollyana Cristina Maggio de Castro. "Efeitos da administração prolongada de baixos níveis de fumonisina B1 em suínos: avaliação de parâmetros de desempenho, histologia de órgãos, resposta imunológica e resíduos em materiais biológicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-08092015-110244/.
Full textAbstract:
A fumonisina B1 (FB1) é um metabólito secundário produzido principalmente por Fusarium verticilioides em diversos tipos de alimentos, principalmente o milho, o qual constitui a base para composição de rações para várias espécies de animais domésticos. A FB1 é particularmente tóxica para suínos, cujas manifestações clínicas são evidentes em animais expostos a altas concentrações de FB1 na ração (em geral, acima de 30 mg/kg). No entanto, são escassos os estudos sobre os efeitos da FB1 em suínos alimentados com rações contendo baixas concentrações de fumonisinas, as quais são mais prováveis de serem encontradas em condições de campo. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da exposição de suínos a baixos níveis de FB1 na ração, durante 28 dias, sobre o ganho de peso, consumo de ração, peso relativo de órgãos e aspectos histológicos do baço, fígado, pulmões, rins, coração e esôfago, a resposta imune e a determinação do resíduo de FB1 em materiais biológicos como plasma, urina e fezes. Vinte e quatro suínos foram distribuídos em 4 grupos experimentais e alimentados com rações contendo 0 mg (controle), 3,0 mg, 6,0 mg ou 9,0 mg FB1/kg de ração. As diferentes dietas não afetaram (P>0,05) o ganho de peso e nem o peso relativo dos órgãos analisados. Não foram constatadas lesões macroscópicas ou histopatológicas no esôfago, rins, coração e fígado. No entanto, foram observadas lesões histopatológicas nos pulmões de todos os suínos alimentados com rações contaminadas com fumonisinas, indicando que nenhum dos níveis de FB1 usados no experimento poderia ser considerado como seguro para suínos. Ainda, a FB1 não alterou as concentrações de imunoglobulinas totais, por outro lado, diminuiu a resposta imunológica dos suínos vacinados com Stellamune®, como também reduziu a expressão de citocinas pro-inflamatórias. As concentrações plasmáticas de FB1 residual encontradas permaneceram constantes ao longo dos 28 dias de exposição, nos suínos que se alimentaram com 3,0 mg FB1/kg de ração. Por outro lado, os níveis de FB1 no plasma variaram de 400,3 ± 19,6 pg/mL a 260,6 ± 61,6 pg/mL nos animais expostos a 6,0 mg FB1/kg de ração, e de 1127 ± 494,5 pg/mL a 460,7 ± 69,5 pg/mL nos animais expostos a 9,0 mg FB1/kg de ração, entre os dias 7 e 28 dias de exposição, respectivamente. Em relação aos níveis residuais de FB1 eliminados na urina, embora com variações ao longo dos 28 dias de exposição, foram encontrados níveis que variaram de 28,53 ± 17,9 ng/mL a 16,1 ± 22 ng/ml na urina dos suínos expostos com 3,0 mg FB1/kg de ração, de 47,4 ± 26,4 ng/mL a 24,12 ± 26 ng/mL nos suínos expostos a 6,0 mg FB1/kg de ração e de 75,05 ± 55,2 ng/mL a 18,9 ± 4,4 ng/mL nos suínos expostos a 9,0 mg FB1/kg de ração. Os níveis de FB1 residual eliminados nas fezes permaneceram constantes nos animais expostos com 3,0 mg FB1/kg de ração entre 2,26 ± 1,6 mg/kg e 3,25 ± 2,26 mg/kg, variando de 5,18 ± 1,6 mg/kg a 10,6 ± 2,3 mg/kg, e de 8,16 ± 6,8 mg/kg a 13,8 ± 4,8 mg/kg, nos suínos expostos a 6,0 mg FB1/kg de ração e 9,0 mg FB1/kg de ração, respectivamente. Os resíduos de FB1 encontrados nas fezes decaíram a partir de 21 dias de exposição a FB1 em suínos expostos a 6,0 mg FB1/kg de ração, porém, estes níveis permaneceram constantes entre o dia 21 e 28 em suínos expostos 9,0 mg FB1/kg de ração, indicando uma baixa absorção da toxina em todos os tratamentos. As correlações entre a FB1 eliminada nas fezes (mg/kg) e os níveis de FB1 ingeridos por suínos (mg FB1/animal) foram significativas (P<0,05) em todos os dias. Foram observadas correlações significativas (P<0,05) entre a ingestão de FB1 nos diferentes tratamentos e as concentrações de FB1 na urina e no plasma aos 7 e 28 dias, respectivamente. Deste modo, a quantificação de FB1 na urina e plasma é adequada como biomarcador da ingestão de baixos níveis FB1 no início (7 dias) e no final (28 dias) do período de intoxicação, respectivamente. São necessários novos estudos sobre os mecanismos de ação tóxica da FB1 em suínos, sobretudo em condições de exposição prolongada a níveis baixos de contaminação na ração.Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a secondary metabolite produced mainly by Fusarium verticilioides in various types of foods, particularly corn, which is the basis for various feed composition for domestic animals. FB1 is particularly toxic to swine, which clinical manifestations are clearly observed in animals exposed to high concentrations of FB1 in the diet (generally above 30 mg/kg). However, there are few studies on the effects of FB1 in pigs fed diets containing low concentrations of fumonisin, which are more probable to be found in field conditions. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of piglets exposed to low levels of FB1 in the feed for 28 days on weight gain, feed intake, relative weight of organs and histological aspects of the spleen, liver, lungs, kidneys, heart and esophagus, immune response and the determination of FB1 residue in biological materials such as plasma, urine and feces. Twenty-four pigs were divided into 4 experimental groups and fed diets containing 0 mg (control), 3.0 mg, 6.0 mg or 9.0 mg FB1/kg diet. The different diets did not affect (P> 0.05) weight gain or the relative weight of the analyzed organs. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions were not observed in the esophagus, liver, kidneys and heart. However, histopathological lesions were observed in the lungs of all pigs fed diets contaminated with fumonisin, indicating that none of FB1 levels used in the experiment could be considered as safe for pigs. Furthermore, the dietary FB1 did not alter the concentrations of total immunoglobulins, although it decreased the immune response of pigs vaccinated with Stellamune® and also reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The FB1 concentrations in plasma of pigs fed 3.0 mg FB1/kg diet remained constant over the 28 days of exposure. Moreover, FB1 plasma levels ranged from 400.3 ± 19.6 pg/ mL to 260.6 ± 61.6 pg/mL in animals exposed to 6.0 mg FB1/kg of diet and 1,127 ± 494.5 pg/mL to 460.7 ± 69.5 pg/mL in animals exposed to 9.0 mg FB1/kg diet, between 7 and 28 days of exposure, respectively. In relation to residual FB1 eliminated in urine, although a variation over the 28 days of exposure was observed, the levels ranged from 17.9 ± 28.53 ng/mL to 16.1 ± 22 ng/mL in urine of pigs exposed with 3.0 mg FB1/kg, 47.4 ± 26.4 ng/mL to 24.12 ± 26 ng/mL in pigs exposed to 6.0 mg FB1/kg, and 75.05 ± 55.2 ng/mL to 18.9 ± 4.4 ng/mL in pigs exposed to 9.0 mg FB1/kg of feed. Residual FB1 levels eliminated in the feces remained constant in animals exposed to 3.0 mg FB1/kg diet, with values of 2.26 ± 1.6 mg/g to 3.25 ± 2.26 mg/kg; in pigs fed 6.0 or 9.0 mg FB1/kg feed, the levels found in feces were 5.18 ± 1.6 mg/kg to 10.6 ± 2.3 mg/kg and 8.16 ± 6.8 mg/kg to 13.8 ± 4.8 mg/kg, respectively. The FB1 residues found in feces decreased from 21 days in pigs exposed to 6.0 mg FB1/kg of feed; however, these levels remained constant between 21 and 28 in pigs exposed to 9.0 mg FB1/kg of feed, indicating a low absorption of toxin in all treatments. Significant (P<0,.05) correlations were found between the FB1 excreted in feces (mg/kg) and the FB1 ingested (mg FB1/animal). The correlations between the ingested FB1 in the different treatments and the residual FB1 levels in urine or plasma were also significant (P<0.05) on days 7 and 28 of intoxication, respectively. Thus the quantification of FB1 in urine or plasm is suitable as biomarker of ingestion of low levels of FB1 at the beginning (7 days) or at the end (28 days) of the intoxication period, respectively. Further studies are needed on the mechanisms of toxic action of FB1 in pigs especially under conditions of prolonged exposure to low levels of contamination in the feed.
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Rings, Thomas. "Assessing and Improving Interoperability of Distributed Systems." Doctoral thesis, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-FB51-1.
Full textAbstract:
Interoperabilität von verteilten Systemen ist eine Grundlage für die Entwicklung von neuen und innovativen Geschäftslösungen. Sie erlaubt es existierende Dienste, die auf verschiedenen Systemen angeboten werden, so miteinander zu verknüpfen, dass neue oder erweiterte Dienste zur Verfügung gestellt werden können. Außerdem kann durch diese Integration die Zuverlässigkeit von Diensten erhöht werden. Das Erreichen und Bewerten von Interoperabilität stellt jedoch eine finanzielle und zeitliche Herausforderung dar. Zur Sicherstellung und Bewertung von Interoperabilität werden systematische Methoden benötigt.
Um systematisch Interoperabilität von Systemen erreichen und bewerten zu können, wurde im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit ein Prozess zur Verbesserung und Beurteilung von Interoperabilität (IAI) entwickelt. Der IAI-Prozess beinhaltet drei Phasen und kann die Interoperabilität von verteilten, homogenen und auch heterogenen Systemen bewerten und verbessern. Die Bewertung erfolgt dabei durch Interoperabilitätstests, die manuell oder automatisiert ausgeführt werden können. Für die Automatisierung von Interoperabilitätstests wird eine neue Methodik vorgestellt, die einen Entwicklungsprozess für automatisierte Interoperabilitätstestsysteme beinhaltet. Die vorgestellte Methodik erleichtert die formale und systematische Bewertung der Interoperabilität von verteilten Systemen. Im Vergleich zur manuellen Prüfung von Interoperabilität gewährleistet die hier vorgestellte Methodik eine höhere Testabdeckung, eine konsistente Testdurchführung und wiederholbare Interoperabilitätstests.
Die praktische Anwendbarkeit des IAI-Prozesses und der Methodik für automatisierte Interoperabilitätstests wird durch drei Fallstudien belegt. In der ersten Fallstudie werden Prozess und Methodik für Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Netzwerke instanziiert. Die Interoperabilität von IMS-Netzwerken wurde bisher nur manuell getestet. In der zweiten und dritten Fallstudie wird der IAI-Prozess zur Beurteilung und Verbesserung der Interoperabilität von Grid- und Cloud-Systemen angewendet. Die Bewertung und Verbesserung dieser Interoperabilität ist eine Herausforderung, da Grid- und Cloud-Systeme im Gegensatz zu IMS-Netzwerken heterogen sind. Im Rahmen der Fallstudien werden Möglichkeiten für Integrations- und Interoperabilitätslösungen von Grid- und Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Cloud-Systemen sowie von Grid- und Platform as a Service (PaaS) Cloud-Systemen aufgezeigt. Die vorgestellten Lösungen sind in der Literatur bisher nicht dokumentiert worden. Sie ermöglichen die komplementäre Nutzung von Grid- und Cloud-Systemen, eine vereinfachte Migration von Grid-Anwendungen in ein Cloud-System sowie eine effiziente Ressourcennutzung. Die Interoperabilitätslösungen werden mit Hilfe des IAI-Prozesses bewertet. Die Durchführung der Tests für Grid-IaaS-Cloud-Systeme erfolgte manuell. Die Interoperabilität von Grid-PaaS-Cloud-Systemen wird mit Hilfe der Methodik für automatisierte Interoperabilitätstests bewertet. Interoperabilitätstests und deren Beurteilung wurden bisher in der Grid- und Cloud-Community nicht diskutiert, obwohl sie eine Basis für die Entwicklung von standardisierten Schnittstellen zum Erreichen von Interoperabilität zwischen Grid- und Cloud-Systemen bieten.
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Santos, Maria Aparecida dos. "Mapeamento de QTLs para caracteres relacionados com a fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN) em soja." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-25022010-075901/.
Full textAbstract:
A soja, [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] é uma das espécies com maior teor protéico, contendo cerca de 40% de proteína nos grãos. Em conseqüência disso demanda alta quantidade de nitrogênio (N), o qual pode ser suprido pelo processo de fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN), através da simbiose com as bactérias do gênero Bradyrhizobium. No Brasil, a FBN é capaz de suprir toda a demanda de N da cultura da soja, dispensando a aplicação de fertilizantes nitrogenados. No entanto, os caracteres relacionados à FBN não têm sido diretamente considerados em programas de melhoramento genético, em função das dificuldades inerentes às avaliações dos mesmos, que requerem a destruição das plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi mapear os locos de caracteres quantitativos (Quantitative Trait Loci: QTLs) dos caracteres relacionados à FBN, visando identificar associações úteis para a seleção assistida por marcadores, bem como obter outras informações sobre a base genética destes caracteres em soja. Uma população composta de 157 F2:7 linhagens endogâmicas recombinantes (Recombinant Inbred Lines RILs), derivada de um cruzamento biparental, foi genotipada com 105 marcadores microssatélites, bem como avaliada para os seguintes caracteres relacionados com a FBN: número de nódulos (NN); peso seco dos nódulos (MNS); peso médio dos nódulos secos (MNS/NN) e peso seco da parte aérea (MPAS). Utilizando o método de mapeamento por intervalo composto para múltiplas características (mCIM) foram mapeados os QTLs para os quatro caracteres. Um mapa genético foi construído com um tamanho estimado em 1.263,2 cM, correspondendo a uma cobertura de 50% do genoma. Oito regiões genômicas foram associadas com os caracteres de FBN. Quatro dessas regiões, localizadas nos grupos de ligação (GL) C1, C2, E e I, foram associadas a mais de um caráter: no GL C1 (Satt190-Satt136) foram mapeados QTLs para MNS, MNS/NN e MPAS; no GL C2 (Satt460-Satt307) foram mapeados QTLs para NN e MNS; no GL E (Satt573-SAtt185) foram mapeados QTLs para MPAS e NN; e no GL I (Satt239-Satt354) foram mapeados QTLs para MNS/NN e NN. A associação dos QTLs nos GL C1, C2 e E foi atribuída à pleiotropia, enquanto que no GL I foi atribuída à ligação gênica. Os QTLs influenciando apenas um caráter foram mapeados nos GL A2, B1, G e L: no GL A2 (Sct067-Satt589) foi mapeado um QTL para MNS/NN; no GL B1 (Satt509-Satt251) foi mapeado um QTL para NN; no GL L (Satt232-Satt418) foi mapeado um QTL para MPAS; e no GL G (Satt394-Satt288) foi mapeado um QTL para MPAS. Os QTLs explicaram, individualmente, muito pouco da variação fenotípica (R2 = 1,2% a 10,0%), sendo o QTL mais significativo mapeado no GL L para MPAS, e explicou 10,0% da variação do caráter, com um efeito aditivo de 0,57 g planta-1. Portanto, foram detectados QTLs em quatro regiões para MPAS (C1, E, G e L), em cinco regiões para NN (B1, C1, C2, E, G); em duas regiões para MNS (C1, C2) e em três regiões para MNS/NN (A2, C1, I) que explicaram 23,0%, 20,0%, 11,8% e 16,0% da variação fenotípica total, respectivamente. Estes resultados estão de acordo com as herdabilidade relativamente baixas dos caracteres (28% a 49%) e refletem a natureza complexa da FBN, que está sob influência ambiental.Soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is a crop with high protein content (about 40%) in the seeds. As a result, the crop demands high nitrogen (N) inputs, which can be supplied by the process of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), through the symbiosis with bacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium. In Brazil the BNF allows to fulfill all the demand for N; therefore N fertilizers are not required. However, the traits associated with BNF have not been directly considered in breeding programs due to the difficulties to its evaluation, which require, generally, the plant destruction. The objective of this study was to map Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) of traits related to BNF and to identify useful associations for marker-assisted selection, as well as to obtain other information about the genetic basis of these traits in soybeans. A population of 157 F2:7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), derived from a two-way cross, were genotyped with 105 microsatellite markers as well as evaluated for the following traits related with BNF: number of nodes (NN); nodule dry weight (NDW); mean nodule dry weight (NDW/NN); and shoot dry weight (SDW). Using the composite interval mapping for multiple traits (mCIM) method, the QTLs were mapped for all the traits. A genetic map was constructed with an estimated size of 1,263.2 cM, covering about 50% of the genome. Eight genomic regions were associated with the four traits and four of these regions, located on linkage groups (LG) C1, C2, E and I, were associated with more than one trait: in LG C1 (Satt190-Satt136), QTLs for NDW, NDW/NN and SDW were mapped; in LG C2 (Satt460-Satt307), QTLs for NN and NDW were mapped; in GL E (Satt573-SAtt185), QTLs for SDW and NN were mapped; and in GL I (Satt239-Satt354) QTLs for NDW/NN and NN were mapped. The pleiotropy was attributed to QTL association in the LG C1, C2, and E, whereas genetic linkage was attributed to QTL association in LG I. QTLs affecting only one trait were mapped in LG A2, B1, G and L: in LG A2 (Sct067-Satt589) a QTL was mapped, for NDW/NN; in LG B1 (Satt509-Satt251) a QTL was mapped for NN; in LG L (Satt232-Satt418) a QTL was mapped for SDW; and in LG G (Satt394- Satt288) a QTL was mapped for SDW. The QTLs individually explained very little of the phenotypic variation (R2 = 1.2% to 10.0%), and the most significant QTL was mapped in the LG L, explaining 10.0% of the variation for SDW, with an additive effect of 0.57 g plant-1. Therefore, QTLs in four regions were detected for SDW (C1, E, G, and L), in five regions for NN (B1, C1, C2, E, and G), in two regions for NDW (C1, and C2) and in three regions for SDW/NN (A2, C1, and I), which explained 23.0%, 20.0%, 11.8% and 16.0% of phenotypic variation, respectively. These results are in agreement with the relatively low heritability of the traits (28% to 49%) and reflect the complex nature of BNF traits, which are influenced by the environmental effects.
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Kobashigawa, Estela. "Ocorrência de aflatoxinas e fumonisinas em sistema de produção de frangos de corte no Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-21022011-103232/.
Full textAbstract:
O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a ocorrência de aflatoxina e fumonisina no sistema de produção de frango de corte e o impacto destas micotoxinas nos índices produtivos em uma empresa integradora localizada no Estado de São Paulo. Adicionalmente, foram identificados os principais fatores para a produção de micotoxinas em rações e a ocorrência de resíduos de aflatoxinas e fumonisinas em tecidos comestíveis de frango (músculo peitoral, fígado e moela). Foram realizadas as contagens de fungos e leveduras totais, de fungos dos gêneros Aspergillus ssp. e Fusarium ssp. e quantificação de aflatoxina e fumonisina nas principais matérias-primas da ração (milho e farelo de soja), na ração de abate e na cama de frango. O isolamento de fungos nas amostras de milho, farelo de soja e ração foi realizado em ágar DG18, enquanto que, para as amostras de cama de frango, utilizou-se o ágar PDA. Para a extração de aflatoxinas e fumonisinas, foram utilizadas colunas de imunoafinidade (Neogen®) e colunas SAX de troca iônica, respectivamente. A quantificação das aflatoxinas e fumonisinas foi realizada através de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). O milho foi o alimento onde foi observada a maior frequência de Aspergillus ssp. e Fusarium ssp., e também maior positividade para aflatoxinas e fumonisinas, sendo que uma das amostras ultrapassou o limite de aflatoxinas recomendado pelo Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). As quantidades de aflatoxinas e fumonisinas encontradas na ração não influenciaram significativamente os índices produtivos. Não foram encontrados níveis detectáveis de resíduos de aflatoxinas e fumonisinas nos tecidos analisados. Embora não tenham sido observadas lesões macroscópicas no fígado e bursa das aves, foram constatadas alterações histopatológicas nessas vísceras, as quais são compatíveis com lesões causadas pela ingestão de aflatoxinas e fumonisinas.The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of aflatoxin and fumonisin in poultry feed and their influence on poultry productivity at company located in São Paulo State. Supplementary, were identified the main factors that cause mycotoxin production in poultry feed and determine the occurrence of aflatoxins and fumonisins residues in edible parts of poultry (breast, liver and gizzard). The total mold and yeast counting of Aspergillus ssp. and Fusarium ssp. genus and quantification of aflatoxin and fumonisin were determined in the main feed ingredients (corn and soybean meal), in finishing diets and bedding. The fungi from corn, soybean meal and feed were isolated in DG18 agar, whereas, the fungi from bedding was used PDA agar. Aflatoxins and fumonisins, were extracted using an immunoaffinity column (Neogen®) and a SAX column, respectively. Aflatoxins and fumonisins were quantified by high performance liquid chromatografy (HPLC). The corn showed the highest frequency of Aspergillus ssp. and Fusarium ssp. and also the highest positivity for aflatoxins and fumonisins, there was one corn sample that exceeded the recommendations of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture. The levels of aflatoxins and fumonisins in the feed did not significantly influence productivity. There were not detectable levels of aflatoxins and fumonisins on analysed tissues. Although macroscopic lesions were not observed in liver and bursa, histopathological changes were observed in these organs, which are consistent with injuries caused by the aflatoxin and fumonisin consumption.
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Deutsch, Jean S. "L'approche de la regulation hormonale par les methodes de la genetique moleculaire. Un modele : le gene fbp1 de drosophila melanogaster." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066070.
Full textAbstract:
Le premier volume de cette these consiste en une revue extensive et mise a jour sur les methodes en genetique moleculaire de la drosophile (99 pp. , 20 planches, 200 references). Le deuxieme volume est consacre a un travail experimental portant sur l'etude de la regulation hormonal du gene fat-body-protein-1 (fbp1) de drosophila melanogaster par les methodes de la genetique moleculaire. Nous avons etudie les sequences cis-actives importantes pour la regulation du gene par deux methodes de transformation: la transfection somatique et la transgenese. Nous avons pu ainsi mettre en evidence l'importance d'un petit fragment de 70 pb, possedant les proprietes d'un enhancer. Ce fragment contient un element de reponse a l'ecdysone (ecre). Nous avons ensuite applique une methode originale a l'etude des sequences cis-actives intervenant dans le niveau d'expression. Cette methode est basee sur l'induction de deletions par la transposase de l'element p a l'interieur d'un transgene prealablement etabli. Cette methode nous a permis de decouvrir en particulier deux regions notables: un element modulateur negatif situe en amont, et un court segment de 32 pb dont la presence est responsable d'une augmentation de l'expression du gene fbp1 par un facteur 10. Nous avons etudie l'effet d'un gene regulateur, le broad-complex (brc). Nous avons montre que brc a un double effet sur le gene fbp1: il active son expression dans le corps gras, le tissu ou fbp1 est normalement exprime, et il la reprime dans les glandes salivaires. Une cible de l'action de brc est localisee au voisinage de l'element de reponse a l'ecdysone mis en evidence precedemment. Brc est ainsi un regulateur de la specificite tissulaire de l'induction hormonale. Les implications de ces decouvertes pour la comprehension du probleme general de la regulation hormonale au niveau genique sont discutees
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Kohzaki, Masaoki. "Cooperative roles of vertebrate Fbh1 and Blm DNA helicases in avoidance of crossovers during recombination initiated by replication fork collapse." Kyoto University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135695.
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Bordin, Keliani. "Avaliação de biomarcadores da exposição humana à fumonisina B1 nos alimentos em municípios dos estados de São Paulo e Santa Catarina, Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74132/tde-23042015-140349/.
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A fumonisina B1 (FB1) e uma micotoxina produzida pelo metabolismo secundário de espécies de Fusarium, principalmente F. verticillioides e F. proliferatum, os quais contaminam diversos alimentos antes e apos o processamento, sobretudo o milho e derivados, gerando graves problemas para a Saúde Pública e a qualidade dos alimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a exposição humana a FB1 presente nos alimentos através da estimativa de ingestão da toxina na dieta e da análise de diferentes biomarcadores presentes em amostras de sangue, urina e cabelo. Além disso, foram investigados os efeitos da toxina através da avaliação de ácido fólico presentes em alimentos e em soro, e os níveis de uréia e creatinina presentes em soro. O estudo foi realizado em dois municípios dos Estados de São Paulo e Santa Catarina, cujos respectivos voluntários foram categorizados como de baixo consumo de derivados de milho (Grupo A, voluntários de Pirassununga/SP) e de alto consumo de derivados de milho (Grupo B, voluntários de Erval Velho/SC). As amostras de alimentos do Grupo A (Pirassununga/SP) foram fornecidas pelos voluntários (n=100) nos meses de Junho/2011, Setembro/2011, Dezembro/2011 e Marco/2012. Os voluntários do Grupo B (Erval Velho/SC) (n=20) forneceram amostras de alimentos no mês de Abril/2012. Em cada grupo, uma lista com 20 alimentos a base de milho foi entregue aos voluntários, para fornecimento de amostras daqueles disponíveis em suas respectivas residências em cada mês de amostragem, totalizando 122 amostras de derivados de milho no Grupo A e 17 amostras no Grupo B coletadas durante o estudo. Adicionalmente, aplicou-se um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (QFA) e um Inquérito Recordatório de 24 horas (QIR - 24 h) no momento das coletas de amostras. Em cada mês de amostragem de alimentos, foram coletadas amostras de sangue, urina (somente Grupo A) e cabelo dos voluntários, sendo as amostras armazenadas a -20ºC (urina e cabelo) ou -80ºC (sangue) até o momento das análises. As amostras de alimentos foram submetidas a análise de FB1, sendo que as de farinha de milho foram também analisadas quanto ao teor de ácido fólico. Ambas as análises foram feitas através de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). Em soro, foram avaliadas a relação esfinganina/esfingosina (Sa/So), resíduos de FB1, ácido fólico, uréia e creatinina. Em urina, foram analisados os níveis de FB1, creatinina para correção do volume urinário e a relação Sa/So. Em cabelo, foram analisados os resíduos de FB1 através de CLAE acoplada a espectrometria de massas. Todos os métodos de análise foram submetidos a procedimento de otimização e validação intra--laboratorial. A incidência de FB1 nos alimentos foi, em média, 72% (n=122) nas amostras do Grupo A (Pirassununga/SP) e 35% (n=17) no Grupo B (Erval Velho/SC). Os maiores níveis foram encontrados em amostras de pipoca provenientes do Grupo B, com uma amostra excedendo o limite de tolerância estabelecido no Brasil (2,500 µg kg-1). A ingestão diária provável média (IDPM) de FB1 no Grupo A foi de 63,3 ng kg-1 peso corpóreo (p.c.) dia-1, que corresponde a 3,1% da ingestão provisória máxima tolerável (IPMT) recomendada para fumonisinas (2.000 ng kg-1 p.c. dia-1). A IDPM do Grupo B apresentou uma média de 190,1 ng kg-1 p.c. dia-1 o que corresponde a 9,5% da IDMT. As concentrações de ácido fólico nas amostras de farinha de milho variaram de < 0,3 µg kg-1 (limite de quantificação do método) a 1.705 µg kg-1, com média de 713 ± 435 µg kg-1. Somente uma amostra apresentou nível de ácido fólico acima do valor mínimo estabelecido pela ANVISA. Em urina, a incidência de FB1 foi de 33,4% (n=251), com níveis médios de 3,19 ± 3,15 ng mg-1 de creatinina. Não houve correlação (P>0,05) entre as concentrações de FB1 na urina e nos alimentos. Os níveis de esfinganina foram mais elevados em mulheres, com 25,0% (n=116) de amostras positivas, em comparação à urina de homens, 10,4% (n=96). A relação Sa/So apresentou em média 0,91, 0,77 e 0,89 para urina de mulheres, homens e em combinação, respectivamente. Em soro, os níveis de esfingosina foram em média 2,48 ng mL-1 para o Grupo A e 5,01 ng mL-1 para o Grupo B. A relação Sa/So variou de 0,06 a 3,19 com média de 0,79 para o Grupo A e 0,78 para o Grupo B. Embora tenha havido correlação positiva (r=0,574, P<0,05) entre a relação Sa/So no soro e os dados de consumo de milho e derivados obtidos no QIR-24 h, não foram observadas correlações (P>0,05) entre a ingestão de FB1 e a relação Sa/So na urina ou soro. A concentração de ácido fólico no soro variou de 6,7 a 24,0 ng mL-1 (média de 13,4 ± 5,4 ng mL-1), com ambos os grupos (A e B) apresentando resultados dentro dos valores de referências. Não foram observados níveis detectáveis de FB1 nas amostras de soro. No entanto, FB1 foi detectada em 4 amostras de cabelo humano (7,2%) dos Grupos A e B, cuja concentração média foi de 21,3 ± 12,1 ng g-1. Em síntese, os resultados obtidos nas análises de biomarcadores de FB1 no presente trabalho estão de acordo com os valores de IDPM encontrados, indicando que a exposição a FB1 nas populações estudadas não representa um risco a saúde.Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced by the secondary metabolism of Fusarium species, mainly F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum, which contaminates foods before and after processing and causes serious problems to public health and food quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the human exposure to FB1 in food by means of estimated intake of toxin in the diet, and analysis of different biomarkers in serum, urine and hair. In addition, folic acid in food and blood as well urea and creatinin in serum were investigated to evaluate the toxin effects. The study was conducted in two cities of Sao Paulo and Santa Catarina States, where the respective volunteers were categorized as low-consumers of corn products (Group A, volunteers from Pirassununga/SP) and high-consumers of corn products (Group B, volunteers from Erval Velho/SC). Food samples from Group A (Pirassununga/SP) were provided by volunteers (n=100) in June/2011, September/2011, December/2011 and March/2012. The volunteers from Group B (Erval Velho/SC) (n=20) provided food samples in April/2012. In each group, a list of 20 corn products was given to volunteers, to allow them to check and collect the food items available in their homes at each sampling time. The total number of samples of corn products provided by the volunteers were 122 and 17 in Group A and Group B, respectively. Addicionally, a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and a 24-Hours Dietary Recall Questionnaire (24h-DRQ) were applied by the time of sample collections. In each month of food samples collection, samples of blood, urine (only Group A) and hair from the volunteers were collected and storage at -20ºC (urine and hair) or -80ºC (blood) until analysis. Food samples were submitted to determination of FB1, and corn meal samples were also evaluated for folic acid levels. Both analysis were performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In serum, analyses included sphinganine/sphingosine ratio (Sa/So), FB1 residue, folic acid, urea and creatinine. In urine, the levels of FB1, creatinine to correct urinary volume and Sa/So ratio were evaluated. In hair, FB1 residues were analysed by HPLC coupled to mass spectrometry. All the analytical methods were submitted to optimization and intra-laboratorial validation procedures. The mean incidences of FB1 in corn products were 72% (n=122) in samples of Group A (Pirassununga/SP), and 35% (n=17) of Group B (Erval Velho/SC). The higher levels were found in popcorn from Group B, with one sample exceeding the tolerance limit established in Brazil (2,500 µg kg-1). The mean probable daily intake (PDIM) of FB1 in Group A was 63.3 ng kg-1 body weigh (b.w.) day-1, which corresponds to 3.1% of provisional maximum tolerable intake (PMTDI) recommended for fumonisins (2,000 ng kg-1 b.w. day-1). PDIM of Group B was 190.1 ng kg-1 b.w. day-1, which represents 9.5% of PMTDI. Folic acid levels in corn meal ranged from < 0,3 µg kg-1 (quantification limit) to 1.705 µg kg-1, with a mean of 713 ± 435 µg kg-1. Only one sample had levels of folic acid above the minimum established by ANVISA. In urine, the incidence of FB1 was 33,4% (n=251), at mean levels of 3,19 ± 3,15 ng mg-1 of creatinine. There wasn\'t correlation (P>0.05) between concentrations of FB1 in urine and foods. Sphinganine levels were higher in woman, with 25.0% (n=116) of positive samples in comparison to urine of men, 10.4% (n=96). The mean Sa/So ratios were 0.91, 0.77 and 0.89 for urine of women, men and in combination, respectively. In serum, sphingosine presented a mean of 2.48 ng mL-1 to Group A and 5.01 ng mL-1 to Group B. Sa/So ratio ranged from 0.06 to 3.19 with a mean of 0.79 to Group A and 0.78 to Group B. Although a positive correlation (r=0.574, P<0.05) was found between Sa/So ratio in serum and corn consumption data obtained by 24h-DRQ, no correlation was observed (P>0,05) with FB1 intake and Sa/So ratio in urine or serum. Folic acid concentration in serum ranged from 6.7 to 24.0 ng mL-1 (mean of 13.4 ± 5.4 ng mL-1), with both groups (A and B) presenting levels within the reference valuies. There were no detectable levels of FB1 in serum samples. However, FB1 was detected in 4 human hair samples (7.2%) of Groups A and B, at a mean concentration was 21.3 ± 12.1 ng g-1. In summary, the results obtained in the analyses of FB1 biomarkers in the present study are in agreement with the PDIM values found, hence indicating that FB1 exposure in the populations studied do not represent a health concern.
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Gordon, Kara Leigh. "TorsinA and protein quality control." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2708.
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DYT1 dystonia (DYT1) is a disabling inherited neurological disorder with juvenile onset. The genetic mutation in DYT1 leads to the deletion of a glutamic acid (E) residue in the protein torsinA. The function of torsinA and how the mutation leads to DYT1 is poorly understood. We hypothesize that how efficiently the disease-linked mutant protein is cleared may be critical for DYT1 pathogenesis. Therefore we explored mechanisms of torsinA catabolism, employing biochemical, cellular, and animal-based approaches. We asked if torsinA(wt) and torsinA(DE) are degraded preferentially through different catabolic mechanisms, specifically the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP) and autophagy. We determined that torsinA(wt) is cleared by autophagy while torsinA(DE) is efficiently degraded by the UPP suggesting degradation processes can modulate torsinA(DE) levels. Proteins implicated in recognizing motifs on torsinA(DE) for targeting to the UPP represent candidate proteins that may modify DYT1 pathogenesis. We examined how removal of the hydrophobic domain and mutation of glycosylated asparagine residues on torsinA altered stability and catabolic mechanism. We found the glycosylation sites on torsinA are important for stability modulate its degradation through the UPP. F-box G-domain protein 1 (FBG1) has been implicated in degradation of glycosylated ER proteins. We hypothesized that FBG1 would promote torsinA degradation and demonstrated that FBG1 modulates levels of torsinA in a non-canonical manner through the UPP and autophagy. We examined if lack of FBG1 in a torsinA(DE) mouse model altered motor phenotypes. We saw no effect which suggests FBG1 does not alter DYT1 pathogenesis despite its promotion of torsinA(DE) degradation. In addition, we explored a potential mechanism for the previously described role of torsinA in modulating cytoplasmic protein aggregation. We hypothesized this endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein would indirectly alter cytoplasmic protein aggregation through modulation of ER stress. We employed a poly-glutamine expanded repeat protein and pharmacological ER stressors to determine that torsinA does not alter poly-glutamine protein aggregation nor ER stress in a mammalian system. In summary, this thesis suggests proteins involved in the catabolism of torsinA(DE) may modify DYT1 pathogenesis and that torsinA and its DYT1-linked mutant are model proteins for investigating ER protein degradation by the UPP and autophagy.
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Pellanda, Hélène. "Expression des enzymes de la reméthylation de l'homocystéine et effets épigénétiques de la mycotoxine FB1 (fumonisine) dans l'hépatocarcinome." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0028/document.
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Le métabolisme des monocarbones relie le métabolisme cellulaire à la machinerie épigénétique à travers une molécule commune, la S-adénosylméthionine (SAM). Les changements dans le potentiel de méthylation cellulaire (ratio SAM/SAH) sont impliqués dans plusieurs maladies, notamment l'hépatocarcinome et les défauts de fermeture du tube neural (NTD). La perturbation du ratio SAM/SAH peut être liée à des déficits enzymatiques ou à une exposition à un facteur environnemental. La reméthylation de l'homocystéine (HCY) en méthionine est catalysée par la méthionine synthase (MTR) ou la bétaïne homocystéine méthyltransférase (BHMT) dans le foie. En comparant le tissu tumoral au tissu sain environnant dans le foie, les transcrits de BHMT étaient fortement diminués dans les échantillons mais pas les transcrits de MTR. La protéine BHMT n'a pas été détectée dans les cellules HepG2 et dans 5 des 6 échantillons tumoraux analysés. L'absence d'expression de BHMT était due à un variant génétique conduisant un codon stop prématuré. Une déficience pré-natale en donneurs de méthyle aggrave la susceptibilité face à certaines maladies. La fumonisine B1 (FB1) est une mycotoxine qui contamine les céréales et a été identifiée comme étant un facteur de risque de survenue de tumeur et des NTD. Nous avons étudié les récepteurs des folates et 4 marques de l'hétérochromatine dans le foie des foetus de rat issus de mères exposées à un régime déficient en donneurs de méthyle et/ou à la FB1 à une dose deux fois supérieure à la dose journalière admissible. Le régime carencé et la FB1 diminuent le ratio SAM/SAH. La FB1 inverse le mécanisme d'adaptation consistant en une régulation positive de l'expression des récepteurs des folates lors d'une carence seule. Le régime carencé diminue H4K20me3 mais une combinaison carence/FB1 diminue encore d'avantage H4K20me3 et augmente H3K9me3. Cette augmentation de H3K9me3 peut être vu comme un mécanisme de défense incitant la cellule à résister à la désorganisation de l'hétérochromatine. H3R2me2 et H4K16ac varient également selon ce mécanisme. Cette étude est pertinente car elle suggère que de faibles doses de FB1 interagissent avec la carence en donneurs de méthyle pour perturber le profil épigénétiqueFolate-mediated 1-carbon metabolism is a conduit that links cellular metabolism to the epigenetic machinery through the common molecule, AdoMet. There is strong evidence that changes in the cellular methylation potential (AdoMet/AdoHcy ratio) is involved in several types of disease notably tumor proliferation like hepatocarcinoma and developmental disease like neural tube defects. Perturbation of AdoMet/AdoHcy ratio may be related to a cellular cause like enzyme defect or to exposure to an environmental factor. The remethylation of homocysteine to methionine is catalyzed either by methionine synthase (MTR) or by betaine-homocysteine methyltrnasferase (BHMT) in the liver. By comparing tumor tissue to surrounding healthy tissue in the liver we have found that BHMT transcripts, but not MTR, are strongly decreased in tumor samples. Consistently, BHMT protein was not detected in HepG2 cells and in 5/6 tumors investigated. Abolition of BHMT expression was due to a genetic variant producing a premature termination codon. Prenatal methyl deficient diet (MDD) enhances susceptibility to disease. Fumonisin FB1 is a corn contaminating mycotoxin identified as a risk factor for tumor occurrence and neural tube defects. We have investigated folate receptors and 4 heterochromatin markers in rat foetuses liver derived from dams exposed to MDD and/or FB1 administered at a dose twice higher than the Provisional Maximum Tolerable Daily Intake. We found that MDD and even FB1 by itself decrease the AdoMet/AdoHcy ratio. FB1 reverses the adaptation mechanism consisting in upregulating folate receptors in case of folate depletion. MDD decreased H4K20me3 but combined MDD/FB1 decreased H4K20me3 even more and increased H3K9me3. The elevated H3K9me3 can be viewed as a defence mechanism inciting the cell to resist heterochromatin disorganisation. H3R2me2 and H4K16Ac varied according to this mechanism. This study is relevant because it suggests that low doses of FB1 interact with methyl depletion to disrupt the epigenetic landscape
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SANTOS, Alexandra de Andrade. "Otimização da FBN e resposta antioxidativa do feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) com e sem estresse salino." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2017. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/7339.
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In order to mitigate the deleterious effects of abiotic stress has been increasing the use of growth-promoting bacteria in plants in association with diazotrophic bacteria. Such association may promote a favorable environment for plant growth and lead to the increase of biological nitrogen fixation. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate the synergism of the co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. and PGPB as an alternative to optimize the symbiotic performance and development of cowpea with or without induction of saline stress, as well as to investigate the key enzymes in the BNF process related to nitrogen-carbon metabolism and oxidative stress/protection. Two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse at the Agronomical Institute of Pernanbuco (IPA), with cowpea cv. "IPA 206" and were inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. (UFLA 03-84) and coinoculated with different strains of PGPB. In the first experiment the plants were cultivated under axenic conditions, inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. Inoculated and coinoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. e 15 PGPB strains, being maintained with 50 mmol L-1 NaCl and without salt stress, using a randomized block design with (16 x 2) + 1 factorial arrangement, one inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. and four co-inoculations with Bradyrhizobium sp. and PGPB and one absolute control with three replications. In the second experiment, the experimental design was randomized blocks with (5 x 2) + 1 factorial arrangement and one absolute control with four replications. Several parameters related to symbiosis were measured, biochemical indicators related to nitrogen-carbon metabolism and oxidative stress/protection. The responses regarding the synergism of microorganisms, growth, nodulation and mechanisms of tolerance to salinity were observed in the plants coinoculated with Bradyrhizobium. sp. and Actinomadura sp.; Bradyrhizobium sp. and Bacillus sp.; Bradyrhizobium sp. and Streptomyces sp.; Bradyrhizobium sp. and Paenibacillus graminis and Bradyrhizobium sp. and Paenibacillus durus, were promising to optimize symbiotic performance and the development of cowpea cv. "IPA206". The salinity affected some parameters in the nitrogen-carbon metabolism in cowpea plants, showing a decrease in nodule total nitrogen, amino acids, free ammonia, ureides, proteins, and in the increase of sucrose and soluble sugars, as well as in the increase of sodium content, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase activity and decreased redox status of glutathione. Co-inoculation Bradyrhizobium sp. and Bacillus sp. in the cowpea cv. "IPA 206" provided better symbiotic performance, mitigating the deleterious effects of stress and was promising the response to oxidative stress.
A fim de mitigar os efeitos deletérios do estresse abiótico, tem sido crescente o uso de bactérias promotoras de crescimento em plantas (BPCP) em associação com bactérias diazotróficas. Tal associação pode promover um ambiente favorável para o crescimento vegetal e levar ao incremento da fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN). Neste contexto, o trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar o sinergismo da coinoculação com Bradyrhizobium sp. e BPCP como alternativa para otimizar a performance simbiótica e o desenvolvimento do feijão-caupi com e sem indução de estresse salino, assim como investigar as enzimas chaves no processo da FBN referentes ao metabolismo nitrogênio-carbono e de estresse/proteção oxidativo. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em casa-de-vegetação do Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco (IPA), com feijão-caupi cv. “IPA 206” e foram inoculadas com Bradyrhizobium sp. (UFLA 03-84) e coinoculadas com diferentes estirpes de BPCP. No experimento I, as plantas foram cultivadas em condições axênicas, inoculadas com Bradyrhizobium sp. isoladamente e coinoculadas com Bradyrhizobium sp. e 15 estirpes de BPCP, sendo mantidas com 50 mmol L-1 de NaCl e sem estresse salino, usando o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com arranjo fatorial (16 x 2) + 1 controle absoluto, com três repetições. No experimento II, o delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos ao acaso com arranjo fatorial (5 x 2) + 1 controle absoluto, com quatro repetições, sendo uma inoculação com Bradyrhizobium sp. e quatro coinoculações com Bradyrhizobium sp. e BPCP. Foram avaliados vários parâmetros referentes à simbiose, indicadores bioquímicos relacionados ao metabolismo nitrogênio-carbono e ao estresse/proteção oxidativo. As respostas em relação ao sinergismo dos micro-organismos, crescimento, nodulação e mecanismos de tolerância à salinidade foram observadas nas plantas coinoculadas com Bradyrhizobium. sp. e Actinomadura sp.; Bradyrhizobium sp. e Bacillus sp.; Bradyrhizobium sp. e Streptomyces sp.; Bradyrhizobium sp. e Paenibacillus graminis; e Bradyrhizobium sp. e Paenibacillus durus. Estas associações foram promissoras para otimizar a performance simbiótica e o desenvolvimento do feijão-caupi cv. “IPA206”. A salinidade afetou alguns parâmetros no metabolismo nitrogênio-carbono nas plantas de feijão-caupi, promovendo diminuição nos teores do nitrogênio total em nódulos, aminoácidos, amônia livre, ureídeos, proteínas, e no aumento dos teores de sacarose e açúcares solúveis, assim como no aumento do teor de sódio, peróxido de hidrogênio, peroxidação de lipídeos, atividade da superóxido dismutase e diminuição do status redox da glutationa. A coinoculação de Bradyrhizobium sp. e Bacillus sp. no feijão-caupi cv. “IPA 206” proporcionou uma melhor performance simbiótica, mitigando os efeitos deletérios do estresse salino e foi promissora na resposta ao estresse oxidativo.
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Brodu, Véronique. "Analyse genetique et moleculaire de la specificite temporelle et tissulaire d'expression du gene fbp1 en reponse a l'homme steroide ecdysone chez d. Melanogaster." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066078.
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L'etude du gene fbp1 de d. Melanogaster represente un modele genetique simple pour etudier les mecanismes aboutissant a une restriction tissulaire de la transcription en reponse a un ligand hormonal circulant dans tous les tissus. Un petit element de 70 pb possede a la fois les proprietes d'un element de reponse au signal ecdysone et celles d'un enhancer dirigeant l'expression du gene fbp1 specifiquement dans le tissu adipeux en fin de troisieme stade larvaire. De plus, un element amplificateur de 32 pb permet d'augmenter d'un facteur 5 a 10 le niveau d'expression obtenu avec l'enhancer seul, sans modifier la specificite temporelle ou tissulaire d'expression. L'enhancer est la cible directe du recepteur de l'ecdysone constitue d'un heterodimere entre les proteines ecr et usp. L'un des objectifs de ce travail a ete la caracterisation d'autres facteurs transactivateurs interagissant avec l'enhancer. J'ai ainsi montre que l'enhancer est egalement la cible du facteur de transcription dgatab, au niveau de trois sites de fixation. Dans le but d'etudier le role du recepteur hormonal et du facteur dgatab dans la modulation tissulaire et temporelle de l'expression du gene fbp1, j'ai developpe une approche consistant a tester l'effet, in vivo, de la substitution des sites de fixation du recepteur hormonal ou du facteur dgatab par un site de fixation du transactivateur heterologue gal4, exprime de facon. Cette approche originale m'a permis de montrer que le recepteur hormonal joue un role uniquement de regulateur temporel de l'activation de l'enhancer du gene fbp1. Par cette approche, j'ai egalement montre que le facteur dgatab est essentiel pour l'activation tissulaire de l'enhancer. J'ai de plus montre que l'element amplificateur est la cible directe du facteur represseur aef-1. Nous proposons un modele de regulation selon lequel la transcription du gene fbp1 est reprimee, dans tous les tissus, par le facteur represseur aef-1, et induite par le facteur dgatab uniquement dans le tissu adipeux. Enfin, nous avons cherche a preciser la position du gene fbp1 dans la cascade genetique induite par l'ecdysone. Nous avons montre que l'activation temporelle de l'enhancer du gene fbp1 est aussi regulee par une combinaison particuliere d'isoformes codees par le gene broad-complex, gene induit precocement dans cette cascade.
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Delépine, Olivier. "Contribution à l'intégration du pronostic en supervision homme-machine des systèmes complexes selon l'approche système dynamique hybride." Valenciennes, 2007. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/79f8ecd9-fba1-437a-bc13-4525152a3a34.
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La supervision des systèmes complexes nécessite la présence de l’opérateur humain. Dans ce contexte, nos travaux explorent deux voies de recherche afin d’optimiser la supervision Homme-Machine. La première part d’un constat : la faculté humaine d’anticipation est sous-exploitée par les environnements de supervision actuels, essentiellement, réactifs et curatifs. Dès lors, doter la supervision d’une capacité davantage anticipative et proactive requiert l’intégration du pronostic. La seconde voie porte sur l’étude approfondie du système à superviser à l’aide des outils de la communauté Système Dynamique Hybride (SDH) et spécifie une approche SDH. L’exploration de ces voies débouche sur une méthodologie de développement du pronostic en supervision selon l’approche SDH intitulée CHRONOSTIQUE. Dans le respect de ses fondements, la définition de modèles et méthodes permet de lever les verrous relatifs à l’intégration du pronostic en supervision. Une première gamme de modèles et méthodes concerne l’aide à la perception du système complexe par l’opérateur humain de supervision destinée à stimuler sa génération d’hypothèses. Une seconde vise l’aide à l’interprétation du système complexe par un processus de génération automatisée d’hypothèses. La mise en œuvre de ces modèles et méthodes débouche sur des outils assistant l’opérateur humain dans son activité de pronostic. Selon la méthodologie CHRONOSTIQUE, ces outils ont fait l’objet d’une campagne expérimentale. Les résultats valident les intérêts du pronostic et de l’approche SDH sur les performances de supervision. Finalement, plusieurs perspectives sont tirées des conclusions encourageantesSupervision of complex systems needs presence of human operator. In this context, our work explores two research ways in order to optimize Human-Machine supervision. The first way gets away from an observation: current supervision environments essentially curative and reactive don’t make the most of anticipation human ability. From that, providing supervision with an ability more anticipatory and proactive requires prognosis integration. The second way relates to detailed system study with the help of tools of the Hybrid Dynamical System (HDS) community and specifies an HDS approach. Exploration of these ways comes to a methodology of prognosis development according to HDS approach in supervision. This methodology is entitled CHRONOSTIQUE. While respecting its basis, models and methods definition allows locks of prognosis integration in supervision to be lifted. A first range of models and methods concerns help human operator of supervision to perceive complex system in order to stimulate its hypotheses generation. A second range sets its sights on help to interpret complex system by means of an automated hypotheses generation process. Carrying out these models and methods comes to tools that assisting human operator in its prognosis activity. In accordance with CHRONOSTIQUE methodology, these tools have been experimentally tested. Results confirm prognosis and HDS approach interests on the supervision performances. Finally, many prospects are drawn from the promising conclusions
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Kitanovic, Ana. "Regulation der FBP1-Expression und Änderungen im Glukosestoffwechsel sind entscheidend für eine angepasste Antwort auf DNA-Schädigung und Altern in der Hefe S. cerevisiae." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980847273.
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Rothé, Françoise. "Identification des protéines FBP1 et FBP2 comme partenaires des protéines de liaison aux éléments riches en adénine et uridine (ARE) TIA-1 et TIAR." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210897.
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Dans les cellules eucaryotes, l’expression d’un gène peut être régulée à de nombreux niveaux. Les études réalisées sur le contrôle de l’expression génique se sont généralement intéressées aux mécanismes de contrôle transcriptionnel. Cependant de nombreux exemples mettent de plus en plus en évidence l’importance des mécanismes post-transcriptionnels dans cette régulation. Les contrôles post-transcriptionnels de l’expression génique reposent essentiellement sur des interactions spécifiques entre les régions 5’ et 3’ non traduites de l’ARNm et des protéines agissant en trans qui contrôlent spécifiquement la maturation des ARNs messagers (ARNms), leur localisation cytoplasmique, leur stabilité et/ou leur traduction. Les éléments riches en adénine et en uridine (ARE), localisés dans la région 3’ non traduite de nombreux ARNms, font partie des séquences régulatrices les plus étudiées. Elles sont notamment présentes dans les ARNms codant pour des cytokines et des proto-oncogènes. Les protéines de liaison à l’ARN jouent donc un rôle central dans la régulation de l’expression des gènes. Les protéines TIA-1 et TIAR appartiennent à la famille des protéines qui fixent l’ARN et qui contiennent des domaines RRM (RNA Recognition Motif). Elles sont impliquées dans des mécanismes permettant la régulation de l’expression génique tels que l’épissage alternatif et la traduction. En particulier, elles participent à l’arrêt général de la traduction qui accompagne un stress environnemental en séquestrant les ARNms poly(A)+ non traduits dans des foci cytoplasmiques appelés granules de stress (SGs). Elles sont également impliquées dans la répression traductionnelle d’ARNms spécifiques en liant les ARE présents dans les extrémités 3’ non traduites de certains ARNms, et notamment des ARNs messagers codant pour le TNF-α et la cyclooxygénase-2 (Cox-2). L’invalidation des gènes tia-1 et tiar chez la souris conduit à une létalité embryonnaire élevée suggérant que ces protéines jouent également un rôle important au cours de l’embryogenèse. Afin de comprendre les mécanismes par lesquels les protéines TIA-1 et TIAR remplissent leurs différentes fonctions, nous avons réalisé un criblage par la technique du double hybride en levure afin d'identifier des partenaires d’interaction de ces deux protéines. Les protéines TIA-1 et TIAR interagissent avec les protéines FBPs (Fuse Binding Proteins). Celles-ci participent notamment à la maturation et à la dégradation des ARNs. Nous avons montré que les protéines FBPs co-localisent parfaitement avec TIA-1 dans le noyau et migrent dans les granules de stress en réponse à un stress oxydatif. De plus, des expériences de retard de migration sur gel réalisées à partir d’extrait cytosolique de macrophages ont montré que les protéines FBPs sont présentes dans le même complexe liant l’ARE du TNF-α que TIA-1. Enfin, la surexpression du domaine de liaison à l’ARN KH3 de FBP2 en fusion à l’EGFP induit la séquestration spécifique des protéines TIA-1 et TIAR dans des foci cytoplasmiques, empêchant ainsi leur accumulation nucléaire. Nos résultats indiquent que les protéines TIA-1/R et FBPs pourraient être fonctionnellement impliquées dans des étapes communes du métabolisme de l’ARN dans le noyau et/ou le cytoplasme.Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation biologie moléculaire
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Dolores, Santiago de Freitas Ana. "Abundância natural do 15N e fixação biológica do N2 em espécies arbóreas da Caatinga." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2008. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/9411.
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Previous issue date: 2008Pouco se sabe sobre a fixação biológica do nitrogênio (FBN) em áreas da caatinga nordestina, apesar de sua grande riqueza em leguminosas. Para ecossistemas naturais, a metodologia mais indicada em estudos da FBN é a da abundância natural do 15N (δ15N), que permite a identificação de plantas diazotróficas e estimativas das quantidades de N fixadas. A precisão destas estimativas depende do padrão isotópico do N no sistema, ou seja, de um sinal de δ15N adequado das plantas não fixadoras e de diferenças significativas entre os sinais de fixadoras e não fixadoras. Não existem dados sobre o padrão isotópico do N na caatinga. Acessar este padrão pode propiciar, além de um embasamento para estudos da FBN em leguminosas, um conhecimento qualitativo sobre o grau de perdas ou de reciclagem do N dentro dos sistemas e sua relação com as condições edafoclimáticas locais. Neste trabalho foram determinadas as concentrações de 15N em plantas arbóreas fixadoras (leguminosas) e não fixadoras (não leguminosas e leguminosas não nodulantes) nativas da caatinga, com os objetivos de determinar se os valores de δ15N de plantas não fixadora são altos e uniformes o suficiente para permitir cálculos precisos da fixação de N2, de avaliar se existe algum padrão climático e espacial de valores de δ15N e de estimar a fixação biológica associada a leguminosas. Foram escolhidos fragmentos de caatinga localizados em quatro municípios de Pernambuco e Paraíba, sendo dois no Agreste (Remígio na Paraíba e Caruaru em Pernambuco) e dois no Sertão (Santa Teresinha na Paraíba e Serra Talhada em Pernambuco), refletindo um gradiente de disponibilidade de água. Em cada local foram coletadas folhas das espécies previamente selecionadas, amostradas em 5 a 6 parcelas em cada local. As folhas de árvores não fixadoras de nitrogênio estavam bastante enriquecidas em 15N e o enriquecimento foi uniforme, tanto espacialmente quanto entre espécies. Este padrão isotópico é uma condição promissora para o uso da metodologia da abundância natural do 15N para estimativas da fixação biológica do nitrogênio, pois facilita a escolha de plantas referência, o esquema de amostragem e a detecção de diferença significativa entre os δ15N de plantas fixadoras e não fixadoras. Os locais de Agreste, com precipitação media anual mais baixas (em torno de 700 mm) mas distribuição mais uniforme das chuvas (6 meses) tiveram valores médios de δ15N foliar de plantas não fixadoras de 9,4 e 10,1 , que estão entre os mais altos relatados na literatura. Estas médias foram significativamente maiores que as dos fragmentos localizados no Sertão (6.5 e 6.3 ), que têm maior precipitação total (em torno de 800 mm) mas distribuição mais concentrada das chuvas (3 meses). O enriquecimento isotópico das plantas não-fixadoras do Agreste pode ser resultados de maiores perdas gasosas de N empobrecido em 15N ou menores perdas de materiais enriquecidos em 15N em relação aos locais do Sertão. As diferenças entre sinais isotópicos de espécies alvo (fixadoras) e referência (leguminosas não nodulantes e não leguminosas) permitiram a identificação segura de indivíduos diazotróficos e cálculos razoavelmente precisos das proporções de N derivado do ar (%Ndfa). Foram identificadas espécies com grande capacidade de fixação de N2, destacando-se Mimosa tenuiflora, Mimosa arenosa e Piptadenia stipulacea. Os teores de N total foram menores nas plantas não leguminosas e, entre as leguminosas, maiores nas espécies fixadoras. Nas quatro áreas avaliadas, as contribuições médias da fixação biológica do N2 foram altas, variando de 27 a 68%. No entanto, as quantidades estimadas de N adicionadas anualmente aos sistemas foram baixas (2,5 e 11,2 kg ha-1 ano-1), devido às baixas proporções de plantas fixadoras no conjunto geral da vegetação (2,4 a 11,8 %). Em situações de regeneração da vegetação nativa, onde a sucessão é dominada por espécies fixadoras, as estimativas poderiam chegar a 130 kg-1 ha-1 ano-1
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Babcock, Darcie. "Mutation Analysis of Fibrillin-2 (FBN2) and Microfibril Associated Protein-3 (MFAP-3): Two Genes Associated with Congenital Contractural Arachnodactyly (CCA), also known as Beal's Syndrome." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5197.
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Congenital Contractural Arachnodactyly (CCA), also known as Beal's syndrome, is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multiple congenital joint contractures, arachnodactyly, dolichostenomelia, and scoliosis with only rare ocular or cardiovascular involvement. CCA has been linked to the fibrillin-2 (FBN2) gene located on chromosome 5q23-31. The phenotype ofCCA is similar to Marfan syndrome (MFS) which is caused by defects in the fibrillin-1 (FBNl) gene located on chromosome 15. Fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 are components of extracellular matrix (ECM) elastic microfibrils. The linkage studies performed on families affected with CCA suggest that another gene in the area ofFBN2 could also be responsible for CCA. Microfibril associated protein-3 (MF AP-3), another microfibril protein gene, has been localized to chromosome 5q32-33.2, the region of FBN2. This study involves mutation analysis of five patients affected with CCA, three of whom are representative of families affected with CCA. Mutation analysis was performed by chemical mismatch cleavage (CMC) analysis and nonisotopic RNase cleavage assay (NIRCA) analysis on both FBN2 and MF AP-3 cDNA. Prior to this study only two mutations in FBN2 have been reported in two isolated patients with CCA and none have been reported for MFAP-3. The two mutations reported in FBN2 have not been confirmed in other affected family members. Mutation analysis by CMC completed in this study did not reveal any mutations in either FBN2 or MF AP-3. Reanalysis by NIRCA revealed two mutations in FBN2. One mutation which results in the skipping of exon 31 occurs in an intron and its location is presently unknown. The other mutation, a G to C transversion at nucleotide 3340, predicting a histidine substitution for an asparagine, is a mutation at the -1 position of the 5' splice site of an intron which results in partial exon skipping although it is unknown whether exon 25 or 26 is skipped. The missense mutation and partial exon skipping result in two different forms of mutant fibrillin-2 molecules. Both of the mutations are present in patients with additional affected family members. Characterization of these mutations will confirm the cosegregation of FBN2 mutations with the CCA phenotype.
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MICHEL, Daniele Cabral. "Caracteriza??o de estirpes de Bradyrhizobium isoladas de Centrolobium paraense." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2017. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2234.
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CAPES
FAPERJ
Centrolobium paraense Tul. popularly known as "pau-rainha", is a naturally occurring legume species from the northern state of Roraima (Brazil) to Panama. It has economic, social and environmental importance for local populations, being a nitrogen fixing species in association with bacteria of the rhizobia group. Thirteen Gram-negative, aerobic, motile with polar flagella, rods shaped bacteria previously isolated from root nodules of C. paraense grown in soils from the Roraima State were submitted to a polyphasic approach characterization. The study involved the carbon source utilization, enzymatic reaction, antibody, pH and NaCl tolerance, 16S rRNA, nodC, nifH and multi locus sequence phylogenetic analysis (MLSA with dnaK, glnII, recA, gyrB and rpoB), G+C content and Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI). Growth of strains was observed at temperature range 20- 36?C (optimal 28?C), pH ranges 5-11 (optimal 6.0-7.0) and 0.1-0.5%NaCl (optimal 0.1- 0.3%). Analysis of 16S rRNA gene placed the strains into two groups within Bradyrhizobium. Closest neighbouring species (98.8%) for group I was B. neotropicale while for group II were twelve species with more than 99% of similarity. MLSA confirmed B. neotropicale BR 10247T as the closest type strain for the group I and B. elkanii USDA 76T and B. pachyrhizi PAC 48T for group II. ANI differentiated group I from the B. neotropicale BR 10247T (79.6%), and group II from B. elkanii USDA 76T and B. pachyrhizi PAC 48T (88.1% and 87.9%, respectively). Fatty acid profiles (majority C16:0 and Summed feature 8 (18:1?6c/18:1?7c) for both groups), DNA G+C content and carbon compound utilization supported the placement of the novel strains in the genus Bradyrhizobium. Gene nodC and nifH of the new strains have in general low similarity with other Bradyrhizobium species. Both groups nodulated plants from the tribes Crotalarieae, Dalbergiae, Genisteae and Phaseoleae. Based on the result obtained, two novel species which the names Bradyrhizobium centrolobii and Bradyrhizobium macuxiense are proposed.
Centrolobium paraense Tul. popularmente conhecido como ?pau-rainha?, ? uma esp?cie de leguminosa que ocorre naturalmente no norte do estado de Roraima (Brasil) ao Panam?. Tem import?ncia econ?mica, social e ambiental para popula??es locais, sendo uma esp?cie fixadora de nitrog?nio (N) em associa??o com bact?rias do grupo dos riz?bios. Treze bact?rias gram-negativas, aer?bicas, com mobilidade atrav?s de flagelos polares e em forma de bastonetes previamente isoladas de n?dulos de ra?zes de Centrolobium paraense cultivadas em solos do estado de Roraima foram submetidas a caracteriza??o com abordagem polif?sica. O estudo envolveu a utiliza??o de fontes de carbono, rea??es enzim?ticas, composi??o de ?cidos graxos das c?lulas, antibi?ticos, pH e toler?ncia a NaCl,16S rRNA, an?lise filogen?tica dos genes nodC, nifH e de sequ?ncias multilocus (MLSA com dnaK, glnII, recA, gyrB e rpoB), conte?do de G+C e identidade m?dia de nucleot?deos (ANI). O crescimento das estirpes foi observado num intervalo de temperatura 20-36?C (?tima 28?C), intervalo de pH de 5-11 (?timo 6,0-7,0) e 0,1-0,5% NaCl (?timo 0,1-0,3%). A an?lise do gene 16S rRNA posicionou as estirpes em dois grupos dentro de Bradyrhizobium. A esp?cie mais pr?xima (98,8%) para o grupo I foi B. neotropicale enquanto para o grupo II foram outras doze esp?cies com mais de 99% de similaridade. MLSA confirmou B. neotropicale BR 10247T como a estirpe tipo mais pr?xima do grupo I e B. elkanii USDA 76T e B. pachyrhizi PAC 48T do grupo II. O ANI diferenciou o grupo I da B. neotropicale BR 10247T (79,6%) e o grupo II da B. elkanii USDA 76T e B. pachyrhizi PAC 48T (88,1 e 87,9 respectivamente. O perfil de ?cidos graxos (predomin?ncia de C16:0 e caracterist?ca somada 8 (18:1?6c/18:1?7c) para ambos os grupos, ANI, o conte?do de G+C e a utiliza??o de compostos de carbono deram suporte ao posicionamento das novas estirpes no g?nero Bradyrhizobium. Os genes nodC e nifH t?m em geral baixa similaridade com outras esp?cies de Bradyrhizobium. Ambos os grupos nodularam plantas de diferentes tribos.
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Ghanem, Ali [Verfasser], and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Wölfl. "On the Regulation and Multiple Functions of the Key Gluconeogenic Enzyme Fbp1 in Rapidly Proliferating Cells: Insights from Yeast and Breast Cancer Cells / Ali Ghanem ; Betreuer: Stefan Wölfl." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1177149605/34.
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Aguilar, Jo?o Paulo de Lima. "Inocula??o de sementes com a estirpe 245 de Azospirillum:uma contribui??o para o sistema de produ??o org?nico de mudas e flores de statice (Limonium sinuatom)." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1478.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq
This work was carried out in Area Horticulture, Crop Science Department of Agronomy Institute of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. It was divided in to two stages, on initially in germination greenhouses and the second stage was performed in a protected environment. Statice seeds were inoculated with freeze-dried peat inoculant Azospirillum Sp245 (2,8x109 ufc g-1) as treatment concentration (Az), and compared to the control seeds, with out Azospirillum. In the first step, were seeded 18 polypropylene trays with 50 cells with a volume of 17ml each, with the substrate BIOMIX? seedlings. The following parameters were analyzed: percentage of germination (%Germ), root volume (RV), total length (CTT.), length of aerial parts (CPA), total of fresh material (MFT), total of dry material (MST), and length of roots (CR.).This step was planned in a completely randomized design. In the second stage, seeds were inoculated and sown in a protected environment, at the same time of the beginning of the first stage. They were divided into two plots of 20 m long with six blocks in each bed. Each treatment contained 21 plants. In the interval of 21 days, the plants were fertilized with ?torta de mamona? and ?Bokashi?, alternately with an average of 15 days between the applications. The parameters selected for evaluation were as follows: number of leaves(NF), root length (CR), shoot length (CPA), fresh matter of roots(MFR.), dry matter of root(MSR), root length(CR), root volume (RV), fresh matter of the aerial parts (MFPA), dry matter or aerial parts (MSPA), and rate between aerial part and roots(MSPA/MSR). The experiment began on August 15th2015andfinishedon November 28th2015. The first step lasted 42 days and the second step 63days, in a total of 105days. In the first step, the use of Azospirillum has influenced on all parameters. In the second step, the parameters: number of leaves, shoot/root ratio, fresh weigh to roots, dry wheight and root, and root volume were positively influenced by the treatment. We can cite three possible causes to explain why the other analyzes were not significant. The lack of water in certain periods; high temperature or heat stroke in plant closure period may have aborted the flower stalks; and competition with existing weeds in place, especially Cyperaceaae. The use Azospirillum Sp245 as inoculants proved to be avaliable alternative in the cultivation of statice (Limonium sinuatum) as a cut flower
Este trabalho foi realizado na ?rea de Horticultura, do departamento de Fitotecnia do Instituto de Agronomia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Foi dividido em duas etapas, uma inicial em estufas de germina??o e a segunda em ambiente protegido. Sementes de statice foram inoculadas com o inoculante turfoso contendo Azospirillum Sp245 (2,8x109 ufc g-1) como tratamento (Az) e comparadas com sementes n?o tratadas (inoculadas). Na primeira etapa de avali??o, foram semeadas 18 bandejas de polipropileno, com 50 c?lulas com volume de 17 ml, preenchidas com o substrato BIOMIX? mudas, sendo analisados os seguintes par?metros: percentual de germina??o (%Germ), volume de raiz (VR), comprimento total (CTT), comprimento da parte a?rea (CPA), mat?ria fresca total (MFT), mat?ria seca total (MST) e comprimento da raiz (CR). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado. Na segunda etapa, sementes que foram inoculadas e semeadas na mesma ?poca do in?cio da primeira etapa, foram plantadas numa ?rea em ambiente protegido, divididos em dois canteiros com 20 m de comprimento e com seis blocos em cada canteiro. Cada tratamento continha 21 plantas. No intervalo de 21 dias, as plantas foram fertilizadas com torta de mamona e bokashi, alternadamente com uma m?dia de 15 dias entre as aplica??es. Os par?metros que foram selecionados para serem avaliados foram os seguintes:n?mero de folhas (NF), rela??o entre a parte a?rea e as ra?zes (RPA/RZ), comprimento da raiz (CR), comprimento parte a?rea (CPA), massa fresca da raiz (MFR), massa seca da raiz (MSR), comprimento da raiz (CR), volume da raiz (VR), massa fresca da parte a?rea (MFPA), massa seca da parte a?rea (MSPA), in?cio da produ??o das flores (IF), peso das hastes florais (PHF), n?mero de espiguetas (NE) e n?mero de flores por espigueta (NFE). O experimento teve in?cioem 15/08/2015 e foi finalizado em 28/11/2015. A primeira etapa foi avaliada durante 42 dias e a segunda etapa durante 63 dias, totalizando 105 dias. Na primeira etapa, o inoculante ? base de Azospirillum teve influ?ncia em todos os par?metros analisados. Na segunda etapa, os par?metros n?mero de folhas, rela??o parte a?rea/peso de raiz, massa fresca da raiz, massa seca da raiz e volume de raiz foram influenciados positivamente pelo tratamento.Podemos citar tr?s poss?veis causas para n?o haver signific?ncia nas outras an?lises: falta de ?gua em determinados per?odos; alta temperatura/insola??o no per?odo de fechamento das plantas, o que pode ter abortado as hastes florais; e a competi??o com as plantas espont?neas existentes no local, principalmente ciper?ceas. O uso do inoculante com a estirpe Sp245 de Azospirillum demostrou ser uma alternativa vi?vel no cultivo de statice (Limonium sinuatum) como flor de corte.
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Moreira, Leniany Patrícia. "Avaliação agronômica de isolados de rizóbio que nodulam o feijoeiro-comum." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6636.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a leguminous plant of great importance for the Brazilian population, especially for the poorer population by representing the main source of protein. Common bean can establish symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria to obtain N from the atmosphere through Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) process. This work aimed to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of rhizobia isolates under field conditions in two sites: Guapó and Santo Antônio de Goiás, by comparison of their results with the commercial strains SEMIA 4077, 4080 and SEMIA SEMIA 4088 of Rhizobium tropici. We evaluated the number of nodules (NN), nodules dry weight (NDW), root dry weight (RDW), shoot dry weight (SDW), stand (S), leaf area (LA), number of pods (NP), number of grains (NG), 100 grains dry weight (100GDW), grain yield (GY) and levels of macro and micronutrients in the shoots of common bean plants. The results revealed significant differences for NN, SDW, NP, NG and GY among the treatments evaluated in Guapó. In the experiment carried out in Santo Antônio de Goiás significant differences were observed among treatments for NDW, RDW, LA, SDW, NP, NG and GY. The content of micro and micronutrients varied significantly among all of the isolates while in Santo Antônio de Goiás no significant differences were found for Fe and Mn. About 70% of the isolates evaluated in Guapó showed relative efficiency of grain yield similar to the strains SEMIA 4077, SEMIA 4080 and SEMIA 4088. In Santo Antônio de Goiás all of the evaluated isolates showed the same efficiency of those strains. The inoculation with the isolates contributed on a significant way for the grain yield increasing with results similar to the N treatment and commercial strains. These results indicate that is possible to find isolates more efficient than the commercial strains on the BNF process.
O feijoeiro-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L) é uma leguminosa de grande importância para a população brasileira, principalmente as mais carentes por representar a principal fonte de proteínas. O feijoeiro tem capacidade de se beneficiar da Fixação Biológica de Nitrogênio (FBN), através da simbiose com bactérias fixadoras pertencentes ao grupo dos rizóbios. No presente trabalho avaliou-se a eficiência agronômica de isolados de rizóbio em condição de campo, comparados às três estirpes comerciais de Rhizobium tropici SEMIA 4077, SEMIA 4080 e SEMIA 4088. Foi avaliado o número de nódulos (NN), massa seca de nódulos (MSN), massa seca de raiz (MSR), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), estande (E), área foliar (AF), número de vagens (NV), número de grãos (NG), massa seca de 100 grãos (MS100G), produção de grãos (PG) e teores para macro e micronutrientes na parte aérea de plantas de feijoeiro-comum. Os resultados revelaram que houve diferenças significativas para os tratamentos testados em Guapó para os parâmetros de NN, MSPA, NV, NG e PG. Em Santo Antônio de Goiás houve diferenças significativas para MSN, MSR, AF, MSPA, NV, NG e PG. Foi verificado, na avaliação de macro e micronutrientes no experimento em Guapó, diferenças significativas para todos os nutrientes avaliados. Em Santo Antônio de Goiás não foram verificadas diferenças significativas apenas para Fe e Mn. Cerca de 70% dos isolados testados em Guapó apresentaram eficiência relativa de produção de grãos iguais às estirpes SEMIA 4077, SEMIA 4080 e SEMIA 4088, enquanto em Santo Antônio de Goiás todos os isolados apresentaram a mesma eficiência verificada para as estirpes padrão. A inoculação com isolados de rizóbio contribuiu de forma significativa para o aumento de rendimento de grãos no feijoeiro-comum, com resultados semelhantes ao tratamento TN e às estirpes SEMIA 4077, SEMIA 4080 e SEMIA 4088, sendo um indicativo de que é possível encontrar isolados mais eficientes no processo da FBN que as estirpes comerciais utilizadas atualmente.
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Figueiredo, Leila Aparecida. "Nutrição nitrogenada (15N) em soja convencional e transgênica sob aplicação do herbicida glifosato." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64134/tde-09122009-102645/.
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O glifosato é o herbicida mais usado mundialmente em aplicações após a emergência das plantas daninhas, antes da semeadura ou emergência das culturas. Muitos trabalhos têm sido realizados para entender seu modo de ação, mas poucos com a finalidade de estudar seu efeito sobre as populações microbianas do solo, como a população de Bradyrhizobium japonicum e a conseqüente ação do produto sobre taxas de Fixação Biológica de Nitrogênio (FBN). Pouca ênfase também tem sido dada aos efeitos do produto sobre o acúmulo de macronutrientes em variedades de soja. Com isso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a ação do herbicida glifosato sobre a nutrição nitrogenada em soja convencional e transgênica, avaliando, para tanto, acúmulo de nutrientes, nodulação e taxas de FBN, fotossíntese e transpiração. Foram utilizadas as variedades de soja convencional, BRS Conquista e a transgênica, BRS Valiosa. Foram utilizadas as doses 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 e 32\'mü\'M L-1 do herbicida glifosato em solução nutritiva e aplicação foliar. As plantas foram coletadas no estádio R3, época do florescimento pleno e R8, após o enchimento dos grãos e os seguintes parâmetros foram analisados: produção de massa seca, taxas de fotossíntese e transpiração, acúmulo de macro e micronutrientes, nodulação, atividade da enzima nitrogenase e taxa de FBN. Observou-se que a variedade Conquista foi severamente afetada em todos os parâmetros estudados, com exceção das taxas de fotossíntese e transpiração. Na variedade Valiosa observou-se que a produção de massa seca e taxas de fotossíntese e transpiração não foram afetadas; o acúmulo de Cu e Zn sofreu redução com as doses aplicadas do produto em solução, no entanto, não houve resposta para o acúmulo dos demais nutirentes analisados: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe e Mn. Houve redução na atividade da enzima nitrogenase no tratamento 32\'mü\'M L-1, entretanto as taxas de FBN não foram prejudicadas na Valiosa. Concluiu-se que o herbicida glifosato afetou negativamente a variedade Conquista, mas teve pouca ação sobre os parâmetros analisados para a variedade ValiosaGlyphosate is the most used herbicide throughout the world in post-emergent applications of weed species, before sowing or emergence of the cultures. Many works have been performed to understand the way of action of this herbicide, but few with the purpose to study its effect on the microbial populations of the soil, as the Bradyrhizobium japonicum population and the consequent action of the product on Biological Nitrogen Fixation rates (BNF). Little emphasis also has been given to the effect of this product on the macronutrients accumulation in soybean varieties. Thus, the present work aimed to study the action of the ghyphosate on the nitrogenous nutrition in conventional and tolerant soybean, though the nutrients accumulation, nodulation and BNF rates. Two contrast varieties of soybean were tested, one sensitive (BRS Conquista) and one tolerant (BRS Valiosa), in six different doses o the herbicide (0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32\'mü\'M L-1) in nutritional solution and foliar application. The plants were collected in the R3 soybean developmental stage (full bloom) and R8, after grains filing and the following parameters were analyzed: dry mass production, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, accumulation of nutrients, nodulation, nitrogenase activity and BNF rates. It was observed that the variety Conquista was severely affected in all the parameters studied, excepted for photosynthesis and transpiration rates. It was also observed that in the Valiosa variety the dry mass production, photosynthesis and transpiration rates were not affected; the Cu and Zn accumulation was reduced with the application of higher doses of the product in solution, however, the other nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Mn) did not show any difference in accumulation. There was a reduction in the nitrogenase activity in the 32\'mü\'M L-1 treatment, however the BNF rates were not affected in the Valiosa variety. It was concluded that the herbicide ghyphosate had a negative effect in the variety Conquista, but it had little action on the parameters analyzed for the variety Valiosa
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Ara?jo, Karla Emanuelle Campos. "Fracionamento isot?pico do 15N na fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio na soja em fun??o da intensidade de luz e estirpe de Bradyrhizobium spp. Inoculada." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1999.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
ARAUJO, Karla Emanuelle Campos. Isotopic fractionation of 15N in nitrogen fixation in soybean due to light intensity and Bradyrhizobium spp. strain inoculated. 2014. 40f. Dissertation (Master in Plant Science). Institute of Agronomy, Department of Plant Science, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2014. This work aimed to study the isotopic fractionation of N from BNF in stems function and light intensity in soybean plant symbiosis with Bradyrhizobium. The 'B' value was evaluated for ten Bradyrhizobium strains, as well as their interaction with the soybean plant (Glycine max L.). The experiment was conducted at Embrapa greenhouse Agrobiologia, Serop?dica, RJ. The soybean plants inoculated with the different strains of Bradyrhizobium and a control not inoculated, were grown under conditions similar to Leonard vessels using substrate of sand and vermiculite in a 2: 1 (v / v). In the second experiment to assess the value 'B' of the resulting symbiosis BNF among cultivars (cv) of soybean BRS 133, BRS 184, MONSOY9144 nine Bradyrhizobium. Soybean plants in all the treatments, were grown under the same conditions, the soybean cultivation was performed in vessels Leonard with sand and perlite substrate in the proportion 1: 1 (v / v). In both experiments after 47 days of planting the plants were harvested and calculated the value 'B'. In the third experiment evaluated the effect of different strains of Bradyrhizobium and the reduction in the intensity of light on natural abundance of 15N N2 fixed by the strains in symbiosis with soybean cv BRS 133. An experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa Agrobiology. The soybean plants inoculated with 11 Bradyrhizobium and treatment uninoculated were grown under similar conditions in plastic pots with sand substrate and pearlite in the proportion 1: 1 (v / v) .After 75 days after planting the plants were collected and calculated the value 'B'.No experiment 1, the values of ?Bpa? ranged between -2 and -4 ?, according to the strain used. In experiment 2, the values of ?Bpa? showed no difference between the soybean cultivars inoculated with Bradyrhizobium as the isotopic abundance of 15N in plants grown entirely dependent on FBN. There was a tendency for the abundance of 15N values in ?Bpa? treatment of plants inoculated with strains of B. elkanii to be less negative than in the case of plants inoculated with B. japonicum. In experiment 3 the values of ?B?PA showed natural 15N abundance values significantly more negative than the shaded plants. There was a tendency for the abundance of 15N in the shoot (and values of ?Bpa?) treatment of the plants inoculated with B. japonicum strains to be less negative than in the case of plants inoculated with B. elkanii. For the determination of the 'B' value, the plants should be in the same stage of maturity that being used to sample the plants in the field, to assess the value 'B' in low light intensity conditions (green house) can lead to the result of a 'B' value less negative than that given in full sun and so probably less appropriate uses it to calculate the contribution of BNF in legume under field conditions.
ARAUJO, Karla Emanuelle Campos. Fracionamento isot?pico do 15N na fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio na soja em fun??o da intensidade de luz e estirpe de Bradyrhizobium spp. inoculada. 2014. 40f. Disserta??o (Mestrado em Fitotecnia). Instituto de Agronomia, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2014. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o fracionamento isot?pico do N proveniente da FBN, em fun??o de estipes e intensidade de luz na simbiose da planta de soja com Bradyrhizobium. O valor ?B? foi avaliado para dez estirpes de Bradyrhizobium, assim como sua intera??o com a planta de soja (Glycine max, L.). Foi conduzido o experimento na casa de vegeta??o da Embrapa Agrobiologia, Serop?dica, RJ. As plantas de soja inoculadas com as diferentes estirpes de Bradyrhizobium e um controle, n?o inoculado, foram crescidas em condi??es semelhantes em vasos Leonard, utilizando substrato de areia e vermiculita na propor??o 2:1 (v/v). No segundo experimento para avaliar o valor ?B? da FBN resultante da simbiose entre as cultivares (cv) de soja BRS 133, BRS 184, MONSOY9144 e nove estirpes de Bradyrhizobium. As plantas de soja para todos os tratamentos, foram crescidas em condi??es iguais, o cultivo da soja foi realizado em vasos Leonard, utilizando substrato de areia e perlita na propor??o 1:1 (v/v). Nos dois experimentos ap?s 47 dias do plantio as plantas foram colhidas e calculou o valor ?B?. No terceiro experimento avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes estirpes de Bradyrhizobium e da redu??o na intensidade de luz sobre abund?ncia natural de 15N do N2 fixado pelas estirpes em simbiose com a cv. de soja BRS 133. Foi conduzido um experimento no campo experimental da Embrapa Agrobiologia. As plantas de soja inoculadas com 11 estirpes de Bradyrhizobium e um tratamento n?o inoculado, foram crescidas em condi??es semelhantes em vasos pl?sticos, utilizando substrato de areia e perlita na propor??o 1:1 (v/v). Ap?s 75 dias do plantio as plantas foram colhidas e calculou-se o valor ?B?. No experimento 1, os valores de ?Bpa? variaram entre -2 e -4 ?, de acordo com a estirpe usada. No experimento 2, os valores de ?Bpa? n?o apresentaram diferen?a entre as cultivares de soja inoculadas com os Bradyrhizobium quanto a abund?ncia isot?pica de 15N nas plantas crescida inteiramente dependente da FBN. Houve uma tend?ncia para a abund?ncia de 15N nos valores de ?Bpa? das plantas dos tratamentos inoculados com estirpes de B. elkanii a serem menos negativo do que no caso de plantas inoculadas com B. japonicum. No experimento 3 os valores de ?Bpa? apresentaram valores de abund?ncia natural de 15N significativamente mais negativos do que as plantas sombreadas. Houve uma tend?ncia para a abund?ncia de 15N na parte a?rea (e os valores de ?Bpa?) das plantas dos tratamentos inoculados com estirpes de B. japonicum a serem menos negativo do que no caso de plantas inoculadas com B. elkanii. Para ? determina??o do valor ?B?, as plantas devem estar no mesmo est?gio de maturidade que as que est?o sendo utilizadas para amostrar as plantas no campo, a avalia??o do valor ?B? em condi??es de intensidade de luz reduzida (casa de vegeta??o) pode levar ao resultado de um valor ?B? menos negativo do que aquele determinado em pleno sol e assim provavelmente menos apropriado utiliza-lo, para calcular a contribui??o da FBN em leguminosa em condi??es de campo.
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Rigobello, Fabiana Felipin. "Análise quantitativa de ocratina A (OTA) em plasma humano por ensaio imunoenzimático, e efeito citotóxico in vitro de OTA e FB1 em linhagem celular Jurkat e P3U1." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Experimental, 2015. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000202853.
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Micotoxinas são metabólitos secundários de fungos pertencentes aos gêneros Aspergillus, Penicillium e Fusarium e são contaminantes naturais de alimentos no Brasil. Ocratoxina A (OTA) e Fumonisina B1 (FB1) são classificados como possível carcinógenos para humanos e animais (grupo 2B). Esta pesquisa objetivou introduzir metodologia de ELISA para analisar e quantificar a presença de OTA em plasma humano e avaliar o efeito de OTA e FB1 in vitro em linhagem celular P3U1 e Jurkat. Na primeira etapa do trabalho: (1) investigou-se a presença de OTA no plasma de pacientes por ELISA competitivo indireto usando anticorpos monoclonais (AcM) anti-OTA; (2) determinou-se a estimativa de ingesta diária de OTA por estes pacientes e; (3) avaliou-se a correlação da presença de OTA com marcadores plasmáticos de lesão hepática e renal. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que OTA foi detectada em 55% das amostras (733,6 ± 296,04 pg/mL, máximo 1584,6 pg/mL), com uma estimativa de ingesta diária de 983,1-1445,3 pg/kg de peso corporal. Não houve correlação entre os níveis de OTA e parâmetros bioquímicos (AST, ALT, ureia e creatinina). Na segunda etapa, avaliou-se: (1) o efeito citotóxico de OTA e FB1, individualmente ou em associações, sobre linhagens celulares P3U1 e Jurkat, através do método de brometo de [3-(4,5dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazólio] (MTT) e dosagem de lactato desidrogenase (LDH) e; (2) a interação de AcM anti-OTA em células tratadas com OTA por imunocitoquímica. A viabilidade das células foi reduzida com exposição à 90 µg/mL de micotoxinas após 24 h, sendo que OTA reduziu a viabilidade de P3U1 e Jurkat de forma semelhante, e FB1 somente de célula Jurkat. O uso associado de OTA e FB1 não aumentou o efeito citotóxico sobre as células. Os métodos de MTT e LDH apresentaram forte correlação nas células Jurkat (r = 0,749) e P3U1 (r = 0,931). Imunocitoquímica confirmou a diminuição da viabilidade celular de Jurkat e P3U1 tratadas com OTA, bem como aumento de grânulos intracelulares marcados com substrato peroxidase e destruição da membrana plasmática com liberação do citosol, indicando a presença de OTA nestas células. Conclui-se que pessoas no Brasil estão contaminadas por OTA, porém o nível de contaminação está abaixo do limite tolerável divulgado por órgãos internacionais, e possivelmente esse é o motivo pelo qual não se observou correlação entre os níveis plasmáticos de OTA e parâmetros bioquímicos de lesão hepática e renal. Conclui-se com os resultados in vitro que a presença de OTA induz citotoxicidade, mas nas condições estudadas, a associação de OTA e FB1 não aumentou o efeito citotóxico.Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of some fungi from the genra Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium and are natural contaminants of several foods in Brazil. Ochratoxin A (OTA) and Fumonisin B1 (FB1) are classified as possible carcinogens to humans and animals (group 2B). Current research aimed to introduce the use of ELISA to analyze and quantify the presence of OTA in human plasma and to evaluate the effect of OTA and FB1 in vitro on P3U1 and Jurkat cell lines. In the first phase of the research: (1) indirect competitive ELISA with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) anti-OTA was employed to detect the presence of OTA in human plasma; (2) the average daily intake of OTA was estimated and; (3) correlation was calculated between OTA and biomarkers for liver and kidney damage. Results showed that OTA was present in 55% of the samples (733.6 ± 296.04 pg/mL, maximum of 1584.6 pg/mL), with an estimated daily intake of 983.1-1445.3 pg/kg body weight. There was no correlation between the levels of OTA and biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, urea and creatinine). In the second phase of the research, it was evaluated: (1) the effect of OTA and FB1, individually or associated, on P3U1 and Jurkat cell lines by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyl- tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase dosage (LDH) assays and; (2) the interaction of mAb anti-OTA to OTA treated cells by immunocytochemistry. Cell viability was reduced after 24 h exposure to 90 µg/mL of the mycotoxins, with OTA reducing viability of P3U1 and Jurkat cells in similar ways, and FB1 only of Jurkat cells. The associated use of OTA and FB1 did not increase the cytotoxic effect on the cells. MTT and LDH had a strong correlation for Jurkat (r = 0,749) and P3U1 cells (r = 0,931). Immunocytochemistry confirmed the decrease of viability of P3U1 and Jurkat cells treated with OTA, with an increase of intracellular granules marked with peroxidase substrate and destruction of the plasma membrane with the release of cytosol, indicating the presence of OTA in these cells. It can be concluded that people in Brazil are contaminated with OTA, however, the level of contamination is below the limits established by international agencies, and possibly this is the reason why there was no correlation between OTA and the markers for liver and kidney damage. Also, the in vitro results demonstrate that OTA induces cytotoxicity, but under the studied conditions, the association of OTA and FB1 did not increase the toxic effect of the mycotoxins.
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SILVA, Ranieri Pereira da. "Inoculação com rizóbio em caupi no Sertão da Paraíba." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2006. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5326.
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A field experiment was conducted using a randomized block design, with four replicate, to evaluate rhizobial inoculation on cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] grown on a soil of the “Sertão da Paraíba” (Planossolo). Two native isolates from the soil, three RELARE recommended strains (BR 3267, INPA 3-11B e UFLA 3-84) and an UFRPE selected strain (NFB 700) were inoculated on cowpea cultivar CNCx 409- 11F. Two control treatments were also used: one with mineral nitrogen, and the other without added mineral nitrogen, both uninoculated. Nodulation (nodule number and dry mass), aerial part dry mass, N content and total N and relative efficiency, at 17 days after emergence were evaluated. It was observed significant effect to number and dry matter of nodules, dry matter, total N accumulated and relative efficiency of total N accumulated on shoot dry matter. The results suggest the occurrence of native rhizobial population in soil with effective nitrogen fixation on cowpea. Strains INPA 3-11B, BR 3267 and UFLA 3-84 were more effective on nodulation and nitrogen fixation than native rhizobia and strain NFB 700, when inoculated on cowpea grown in a Planossol of the “Sertão da Paraíba”. Nitrogen fertilization (50 kg ha-1) reducesnodulation and nitrogen fixation on cowpea.
Foi conduzido um experimento no campo, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, para avaliar a inoculação com rizóbio na nodulação do caupi [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cultivado em um planossolo do sertão paraibano. Foram testados dois isolados nativos do solo onde foi realizado o experimento, três estirpes recomendadas pela RELARE (BR 3267, INPA 3-11B e UFLA 3-84) e uma selecionada pela UFRPE (NFB 700), inoculadas na cultivar de caupi CNCx 409-11F. O experimento contou ainda com duas testemunhas: uma com adição de nitrogênio mineral e outra sem nitrogênio mineral, ambas sem inoculação. Foram feitas avaliações da nodulação (número e massa seca dos nódulos), massa seca, teor e acúmulo de N total e eficiência relativa da parte aérea, aos 17 dias após a emergência. Houve efeito significativo entre os tratamentos, para número e massa seca de nódulos, matéria seca, N total acumulado e eficiência relativa do N total na parte aérea. Os resultados sugerem a existência de população rizobiana autóctone muito efetiva na fixação de nitrogênio com o caupi. As estirpes INPA 3–11B, BR 3267 e UFLA 3–84 são mais eficientes na nodulação e na fixação de N2 que osisolados nativos e a estirpe NFB-700, quando inoculadas em feijão caupi, cultivado em um planossolo do sertão da Paraíba. A adição de N fertilizante (50 kg ha-1) reduz a nodulação e na fixação de N2 em caupi.
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Matoso, Ester Schiavon Matoso. "Uso de bactérias diazotróficas na produção de mudas de cana-de-açúcar em diferentes substratos." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2017. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3632.
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A cana-de-açúcar é uma cultura de grande importância no Brasil, o país é o primeiro do mundo na produção de cana e açúcar, segundo em etanol e conquista, cada vez mais, o mercado externo com o uso do biocombustível como alternativa energética. Um dos problemas desta cultura é o plantio convencional, pois nele ocorre o gasto excessivo de colmos que poderiam ser destinados à indústria, além de aumentar o risco de difusão de pragas e doenças. Além disso, a cana-de-açúcar é extremamente dependente da adubação nitrogenada, pois entre os nutrientes responsáveis pela sua nutrição, o nitrogênio é o elemento absorvido em maior quantidade. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da inoculação de bactérias diazotróficas na produção de mudas originadas de minitoletes e de cultura de tecidos de cana-de-açúcar em substratos alternativos. Utilizaram-se as variedades de cana RB867515, RB92579, RB966928 e RB975932, e substratos produzidos a partir da mistura de casca de arroz carbonizada e composto orgânico, além de um de marca comercial. E foram desenvolvidos diversos experiementos, onde foram avaliados: a sobrevivência das espécies de bactérias diazotróficas nos substratos; parâmetros relacionados à brotação, desenvolvimento de parte aérea e de raízes, além do acúmulo de nitrogênio de mudas; a resposta dessas à inoculação quanto ao perfilhamento, teor de clorofila, área foliar, acúmulo de biomassa, incremento de massa seca, teor de nitrogênio e fixação biológica; e no cultivo in vitro foi aviada a multiplicação das brotações e o crescimento de plântulas em frascos contendo meio semissólido e em biorreator de imersão temporária, a resposta destas plantas à inoculação quanto ao enraizamento e a aclimatação nos diferentes substratos. Os resultados obtidos indicam a interação entre as variedades, substratos e inoculação para todos os parâmetros avaliados que envolveram estes fatores. Os substratos contendo casca de arroz carbonizada e composto orgânico apresentam melhores resultados na sobrevivência de bactérias diazotróficas e podem ser utilizados desde a aclimatação até o desenvolvimento de mudas. Todas as variedades apresentam excelente desenvolvimento de mudas a partir de micropropagação e também de minitoletes, e de alguma forma respondem à inoculação de bactérias diazotróficas, mas apesar disso, apenas na RB92579 e na RB975932 ocorreu a fixação biológica de nitrogênio
Sugarcane is a very important culture in Brazil, the country is the world's first in the production of cane and sugar, second of ethanol and increasingly conquers the foreign market with the use of biofuel as an alternative energy. One of the problems of this crop is conventional planting, because in it occurs the excessive spending of stalks that could be destined to the industry, besides increasing the risk of diffusion of plagues and diseases. Moreover, sugarcane is extremely dependent on nitrogen fertilization, because among the nutrients responsible for its nutrition, nitrogen is the element absorbed in greater quantity. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the inoculation of diazotrophic bacteria in the promotion of growth, rooting and biological nitrogen fixation of pre-sprouted and micropropagated sugarcane seedlings produced in alternative substrates. Were used the sugarcane varieties RB867515, RB92579, RB966928 and RB975932, and substrates produced from the mixture of carbonized rice rusk and organic compound, in addition to a trademark. And several experiments were developed, where they were evaluated: the survival of the diazotrophic bacteria species in the substrates; parameters related to sprouting, aerial part and root development, and nitrogen accumulation of seedlings; the response of these seedlings to inoculation for tillering, chlorophyll content, leaf area, biomass accumulation, dry mass increase, nitrogen content and biological fixation; And in the in vitro cultivation the multiplication of the shoots and the growth of seedlings in glass jars containing semi-solid medium and in temporary immersion bioreactor, the response of these plants to the inoculation in rooting and the acclimatization in the different substrates. The results indicate the interaction between the varieties, inoculation and substrates for all evaluated parameters that involved these factors. The substrates containing carbonized rice rusk and organic compost present better results in the survival of diazotrophic bacteria and can be used from acclimatization to the development of seedlings. All varieties show excellent development of seedlings from micropropagation and also minitoletes, and somehow respond to the inoculation of diazotrophic bacteria, but nevertheless, only in RB92579 and in RB975932 the biological fixation of nitrogen.
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Xavier, Rog?rio Pontes. "Contribui??o da fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio na produ??o sustent?vel da cultura de cana-de-a??car." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2006. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/545.
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Previous issue date: 2006-04-25Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Despite sugarcanes Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) research efforts which have been carrying on in Brazil, most of its varieties still need nitrogen fertilizer complement, and the cost of this supply trends to raise following the petroleum price. Thus, the scientific research has worked on finding alternatives to nitrogen fertilizer through varieties with higher potential to the BNF; crops practical handling that would be able to increase BNFs contribution; and also, through selection and inoculation of bacterias lineage efficient to BNF. Seeking some of these answers, three experiments were developed at Embrapa Agrobiologia in Seropedica-RJ heading to identify the most efficient sugarcanes varieties to BNF based on balance techniques of N-Total on the system soil/plant; 15N natural abundance; and 15N isotopic dilution. The experiment results allowed concluding that: 1) The N total balance of soil/plant system after 8 and 13 years of harvesting was positive to the most varieties studied, showing a significant entry of nitrogen from de atmosphere by BNF to the soil/plant system; 2) The varieties Krakatau, SP 70-1143, SP 79-2312 and SP 71- 6163 confirmed potential to BNF as observed on previous studies; 3) The varieties RB 72-454, RB 82-5336, RB 75-8540 and RB 83-5089 showed high potential to BNF. 4) The soil type and the crops cycle have great influence on the BFN contribution; 5) The BNF is an important source of N for the soil/plant system; got a glimpse of right handling possibility (systems of sugar cane harvesting with crop residue remaining on the soil surface) and with the utilization of efficient varieties to BNF may be possible to reduce or even eliminate crops nitrogen fertilizers.
Apesar dos esfor?os da pesquisa em FBN na cultura de cana-de-a??car, que vem sendo desenvolvida no Brasil, as soqueiras da maioria das variedades de cana-de-a??car ainda precisam de uma complementa??o com fertilizantes nitrogenados, e o custo deste insumo tende a elevar-se, acompanhando o pre?o do petr?leo. Assim, nos ?ltimos anos, a pesquisa cient?fica, vem trabalhando em busca de alternativas ? aduba??o nitrogenada, atrav?s de gen?tipos com maior potencial para FBN, pr?ticas de manejo da cultura que poderiam amplificar a contribui??o da FBN e pela sele??o e inocula??o de estirpes de bact?rias eficientes para FBN. Buscando alcan?ar algumas dessas respostas, na Embrapa Agrobiologia, localizada em Serop?dica-RJ, foram instalados tr?s experimentos com o objetivo identificar as variedades de cana-de-a??car mais eficientes para FBN, com base nas t?cnicas de balan?o de N-total no sistema solo/planta, abund?ncia natural de 15N e dilui??o isot?pica de 15N. Os resultados desses experimentos permitiram concluir que: 1) o balan?o de N-total do sistema solo-planta ap?s 8 e 13 anos de cultivo foram positivos para a maioria das variedades estudadas, mostrando um significativo ingresso de nitrog?nio proveniente da atmosfera via FBN para o sistema solo-planta; 2) os gen?tipos Krakatau, SP 70-1143, SP 79-2312 e SP 71- 6163 confirmaram o potencial para FBN j? observados em estudos anteriores; 3) as variedades RB 72-454, e RB 82-5336, RB 75-8540 e RB 83-5089 apresentaram alto potencial para FBN; 4) o tipo de solo e o ciclo da cultura teve grande influ?ncia na contribui??o da FBN; e 5) a FBN ? uma importante fonte de N ao sistema solo planta, e vislumbram a possibilidade de que com o manejo adequado (colheita de cana crua) e com a utiliza??o de variedades eficientes para FBN, talvez, seja poss?vel reduzir ou mesmo eliminar a aduba??o com fertilizantes nitrogenados na cultura.
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Neiverth, Walkyria. "Diversidade morfológica e genética de rizobactérias endofíticas obtidas de solos de diferentes classes e manejos de cultivo." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2012. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1438.
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Previous issue date: 2012-06-26Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Nitrogen is one of the limiting factors of crop production, but its continuous availability by applying chemical fertilizer in agriculture, will lead to high costs, both economic and environmental. To reduce these costs, several studies have been conducted regarding the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Considering that the great diversity of soil microorganisms has not been yet catalogued, the goal of this work was to study the morphological and genetic diversity of endophytic rhizobacteria obtained from soils of different classes and crop managements in order to isolate individuals with potential for PGPB. Bacteria were isolated from diluted soils and inoculated in bait-plants of wheat grown in the nutrient solution. After 30 days, the plant tissue was superficially sterilized and macerated and an aliquot of serial dilutions was inoculated in selective medium Dygs with successive plating to obtain pure colonies. Bacterial growth was quantified by counting colony forming units (c.f.u.) and 400 morphologically distinct colonies were characterized: size, shape, color, edge, homogeneity, transparency, elevation, and mucus. Based on this information, the isolates were analyzed and grouped by using the program Past for morphological typing. From these 269 strains were genetically characterized by rep-PCR with specific primer. Polymorphic profiles obtained were analyzed and grouped with BioNumerics software. Calculations regarding the rates of morpho-genetic diversity and richness were performed by SPADE program. The managements with succession of corn and soybean in organic system (M10) and corn - soybean RR (M8) were the ones showing higher and lower c.f.u, respectively. The great biodiversity found in the various types of soil under different culture managements from evaluated regions have resulted in a total of 35 morphological and 25 genetics groups. As for genetic groups, there was, in addition to the 25 major groups, 16 profiles when used 60% of similarity. In morphological groups, it was observed greater number of profiles relating to riparian forest area (M4), whereas the smallest number was observed in succession corn and organic soybean on zero tillage (M10). It was found higher morphological diversity index, richness and groups expected in future collection management with monoculture of sugar cane, high levels of P in soil and application of vinasse (M1), being the lowest indexes for the monoculture management with sugar cane with low P in soil and mineral fertilization (M2). As for diversity indexes and genetic richness the M1 management stands out as showing the higher diversity indexes, but the highest rates of richness and groups expected in future collection were observed in the succession corn - soybean (M9) management. By contrast, the lowest rates of genetic diversity and richness were appointed by management with organic soybean on zero tillage. The results showed a high diversity in all areas assessed, both for the different cultivation managements, soil types, as to characteristic vegetation of the different areas, pointing the concomitant influence of these agri-environmental characteristics on the dominance of specific morpho-genetic groups within the communities
O nitrogênio é um dos fatores mais limitantes da produção vegetal, porém sua disponibilização contínua pela agricultura através da aplicação de fertilizantes químicos acarreta em altos custos financeiros, energéticos e ambientais. Com intuito de reduzir estes custos, vários estudos vêm sendo realizados quanto à fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN) e utilização de bactérias promotoras de crescimento vegetal (BPCV). Considerando-se a grande diversidade destes micro-organismos de solo ainda não catalogados, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a diversidade morfológica e genética de rizobactérias endofíticas obtidas a partir de solos de diferentes classes e manejos de cultivo, a fim de isolar indivíduos com potenciais biotecnológicos para a FBN e para a promoção de crescimento vegetal (PCV). Bactérias foram isoladas a partir de solos diluídos e inoculados em plantas-iscas de trigo cultivadas em solução nutritiva. Após 30 dias, o tecido vegetal foi superficialmente esterilizado, macerado e uma alíquota plaqueada em meio de cultura generalizado, Dygs. O crescimento bacteriano foi quantificado pela contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias (u. f. c.) e as colônias aparentemente distintas foram caracterizadas morfologicamente. Com base nestes dados, foram escolhidas 400 estirpes, analisadas e agrupadas pela utilização do programa Past. A caracterização genética de 269 estirpes foi realizada pela reação de rep-PCR com primer específico BOX e os perfis polimórficos apresentados foram analisados e agrupados com auxílio do programa BioNumerics. Cálculos quanto aos índices de diversidade e riqueza morfo-genética foram realizados a partir do programa SPADE. Os manejos com sucessão milho - soja em sistema orgânico e milho - soja RR foram os que apresentaram maiores e menores médias de u. f. c., respectivamente. A grande biodiversidade encontrada nas diferentes classes de solos sob os manejos de cultivo das regiões avaliadas estabeleceram um total de 35 agrupamentos morfológicos e 25 agrupamentos genéticos. Quanto aos agrupamentos genéticos, verificou-se, além dos 25 GG formados, a obtenção de 16 perfis isolados quando comparados a 60% de similaridade. Nos agrupamentos morfológicos, observou-se maior número de perfis referentes à área de mata ciliar (M4), enquanto que o menor número foi observado no manejo de sucessão milho - soja orgânico (M10). Observou-se ainda, maior índice de diversidade, riqueza e grupos esperados em coleta futura no manejo com monocultivo de cana-de-açúcar, alto teor de P no solo e aplicação de vinhaça (M1), sendo os menores índices referentes ao manejo com monocultivo de cana-de-açúcar com baixo teor de P e adubação mineral (M2). Quanto aos índices de diversidade e riqueza genética destaca-se o manejo M1 como sendo o de maior diversidade, porém os maiores índices de riqueza e grupos esperados em coleta futura foram observados no manejo de sucessão milho - soja (M9). Em contrapartida, os menores índices de diversidade e riqueza são apontados ao manejo M10, sendo a área com pousio (M5) a menos favorável ao desenvolvimento dos micro-organismos de acordo com o índice de grupos esperados em coleta futura. Os resultados demonstram uma alta diversidade em todas as regiões avaliadas, tanto para os diferentes manejos de cultivo, classes de solo quanto à vegetação característica das diferentes áreas, além da influência concomitante destes sobre a dominância de determinados grupos morfo-genéticos dentro da comunidade
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Mariko, Boubacar. "Rôle de la fibrilline-1 dans la fonction cardiovasculaire au cours du vieillissement : signalisation de la fibrilline-1 dans les cellules endothéliales humaines et exploration structurale et fonctionnelle chez les souris Fbn-1+/mgDelta." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00711832.
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La fibrilline-1, composant majeur des microfibrilles et second composant majeur des fibres élastiques, est une glycoprotéine dont la mutation du gène chez l'humain est responsable du syndrome de Marfan, caractérisé par des anévrismes et des dissections aortiques. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons étudié d'une part le rôle de la fibrilline-1 dans la physiologie des cellules endothéliales vasculaires humaines et d'autre part la conséquence du déficit quantitatif de la fibrilline-1 sur la structure et la fonction du système cardiovasculaire au cours du vieillissement chez la souris. Le fragment de fibrilline-1 "PF14" induit une signalisation calcique via les intégrines α5β1 et αvβ3, l'activation de la phospholipase C et la mobilisation des réserves intracellulaires de calcium, ainsi que la prolifération et la migration des cellules endothéliales humaines. La déficience quantitative sévère ou totale de la fibrilline-1 entraîne une létalité chez la souris dans les deux semaines après la naissance alors que celle, partielle, due à la délétion hétérozygote hypomorphique des exons 19 à 24 du gène de la fibrilline-1 (délétion mgΔ) n'affecte pas la longévité des souris. Les souris Fbn-1+/mgΔ présentent une hypertrophie cardiaque et une hypotension ainsi que des anévrismes aortiques qui deviennent plus fréquents avec l'âge. La paroi aortique de ces souris présente des altérations structurales (fragmentations des lames élastiques), biomécaniques (l'augmentation de la rigidité) et de la vasomotricité, qui s'accentuent avec l'âge. Nos résultats suggèrent que la déficience quantitative de la fibrilline-1 pourrait altérer la signalisation que cette protéine déclenche normalement dans les cellules endothéliales dès la phase de morphogénèse artérielle, et induire en conséquence une pathologie anévrismale de la paroi aortique au cours du vieillissement. Les effets opposés des déficiences quantitatives en fibrilline-1 et en élastine sur la fonction vasculaire suggèrent des rôles opposés pour ces deux composants majeurs des fibres élastiques. Ce travail permet par ailleurs de valider les souris Fbn-1+/mgΔ, tant sur le plan structural que fonctionnel, comme modèle du syndrome de Marfan.
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Schertz, Hanna [Verfasser]. "Investigations on the toxicokinetics, bioavailability and Sa/So ratio as a biomarker of Fumonisin B1 (FB1) after iv and po exposure in pigs and the impact of a feed additive with fumonisin esterase activity / Hanna Schertz." Hannover : Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1190640619/34.
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ANTONIO, Cec?lia de Souza. "Ocorr?ncia de bact?rias endof?ticas associadas a variedades de cana-de-a??car cultivadas nos estados: Alagoas e Pernambuco." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1535.
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CAPES
The sugar cane is one of the major agricultural products in Brazil. The crop is able to associate with diazotrophic bacteria (fix nitrogen from the air), that may be located inside the plant tissue (entophytic). The diazotrophic bacteria are capable of promoting growth of sugar cane by means of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) or production of hormones. But little is known about populations of these bacteria present in sugar cane. This work aimed to study diversity of the population and identify the isolates by molecular and physiological methods, as well as to assess the effectiveness of some isolates to promote plant growth of sugar cane in the field. In solid potato media, there were observed the formation of seven groups, with 95% of similarity, showing the great colonies morphology variation. Many isolates showed similar characteristics to the genus Gluconacetobacter, when analyzed in semi-solid LGI-P media and solid Potato-P and LGI-P media. Two isolates were most efficient in the endolar synthesis with production over 49 ?g/mL. All isolates were classified as Gram negative. Of the 36 isolates, 27.5% were similar to the standard strain RB 11366 (Burkholderia tropica), 45% to BR 11281 strain (Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus) and 5% to the other patterns BR 11335 (Herbaspirillum seropedicae), BR 11504 (Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans) and BR 11145 (Azospirillum amazonense). Through the comparison of the sequencing of 16S rDNA with the NCBI GenBank isolate 215 was identified as belonging to species Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, the 179-1a belonging to Burkholderia tropica and the isolated 151-B, 211-A, and 219 to the gender Burkholderia. The inoculated strains 160-1 and 215 promoted an increase in the straw dry biomass (up to 0.7 Mg ha-1) and total nitrogen of flag leaf (above 69,7 kg ha-1), respectively in the tested varieties RB 72454 and RB 918,639. Only the 160-1 isolate was able to promote increase in biomass in the RB 867515 variety. Stalk yield was higher for the variety RB 918639 with 191.96 Mg ha-1.
A cana-de-a??car ? um dos principais produtos agr?colas do Brasil. A cultura ? capaz de se associar as bact?rias diazotr?ficas (fixam nitrog?nio do ar), que podem estar no interior do tecido da planta (endof?ticas). As bact?rias diazotr?ficas endof?ticas s?o capazes de promover o crescimento da cana-de-a??car por meio da fixa??o biol?gica do nitrog?nio (FBN) ou pela produ??o de fitorm?nios. Mas pouco se conhece sobre as popula??es presentes destas bact?rias em cana-de-a??car. O presente trabalho visou estudar a diversidade da popula??o e identificar estes isolados, atrav?s de m?todos moleculares e fisiol?gicos, assim como avaliar a efici?ncia de alguns isolados na promo??o de crescimento vegetal de plantas de cana-de-a??car no campo. Foi observada em meio s?lido Batata, com 95% de similaridade, a forma??o de sete grupos mostrando a grande varia??o morfol?gica de col?nias neste meio testado. Muitos isolados apresentaram caracter?sticas similares ao g?nero Gluconacetobacter, quando analisados em meio semi-s?lido LGI-P e s?lido Batata-P e LGI-P. Dois isolados foram mais eficientes na s?ntese de ind?les com produ??es acima de 49 ?g/mL. Todos os isolados foram classificados como Gram negativos. Dos 36 isolados avaliados, 27,5% foram semelhantes ? estirpe padr?o RB 11366 (Burkholderia tropica); 45% a BR 11281 (Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus) e 5% aos demais padr?es BR 11335 (Herbaspirillum seropedicae), BR 11504 (Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans) e BR 11145 (Azospirillum amazonense). Atrav?s da compara??o do seq?enciamento do gene 16S rDNA com o NCBI GenBank o isolado 215 foi identificado com pertencente a esp?cie de Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus , o 179-1A com pertencente a esp?cie Burkholderia tropica e os isolados 151-B, 211-A e 219 ao g?nero Burkholderia. As estirpes 160-1 e 215 inoculadas promoveram aumento na produ??o de biomassa seca da palha (acima de 0,7 Mg.ha-1) e nitrog?nio total da folha bandeira (acima de 69,7 kg.ha-1), respectivamente nas variedades RB 72454 e RB 918639 testadas. Apenas o isolado 160-1 foi capaz de promover um aumento de biomassa seca na variedade RB 867515. A produ??o de colmos foi maior para a variedade RB918639 com 191,96 Mg.ha-1.
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Passos, Samuel Ribeiro. "Diversidade de microrganismos no trato intestinal e res?duos digestivos de Trigoniulus Corallinus (GERVAIS) (DIPLOPODA, SPIROBOLIDA, PACHYBOLIDAE)." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1735.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil.
The increasing demand for biological processes alternative, environmentally friendly and efficient in converting lignocellulosic material, expanding their application potential for agribusiness, motivates researches worldwide. Thus, organisms isolated in nature, in specific ecosystems, become increasingly important because of their physiological and metabolic diversity, which gives them a great potential in the development of biotechnological processes of interest to society. The aim of this study was to assess the microbial community associated with the intestinal tract of millipede Trigoniulus corallinus and bioprospecting for microorganisms with cellulolytic capacity. The millipedes were collected and incubated with litter in diets of grass (Paspalum notatum) and ?sabia? (Mimosa caesalpinifolia). Sampling occurred at 15, 30, 45, and 75 days of incubation. The intestinal tract of five individuals was removed, sectioned the posterior third, processed and stored in ultrasound. DNA from microbes associated with the intestinal tract, litter and coprolite was extracted, and DGGE analysis using 16S rDNA, DGGE group actinomycetes, and it was evaluated the presence of nifH genes. The 16s gene analysis by DGGE revealed a microbial diversity conditioned by the diet offered to 45 days. After this period, this effect was no longer visible. The community associated with coprolites and the type of litter was distributed in separate clusters of samples from the intestinal tract. This effect was not observed in the community assessment of actinomycetes, where the big difference for division of groups was the diet. The animals fed on grass litter showed a diverse community, and they were not influenced by time or compartmentalization. The samples associated with litter and coprolites were 80% similar to samples from the intestinal tract. In millipedes fed with material form Mimosa caesalpinifolia, the result was different, the samples of litter and coprolites where 50% similar to the intestinal tract. All samples had nifH genes detected by polymerase chain reaction. Samples collected at 45 days were also inoculated in mineral minimum medium of Busnell-Hass added carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC) as sole carbon source. Colonies were evaluated for their ability to breakdown cellulose enzyme and 15 had an index greater than 1. The isolate that showed the highest rate (3.65) was subjected to further analysis. The microscope observation suggested that this was not an isolated but a complex of microorganisms acting on the degradation of cellulose. There is evidence of BNF in the intestinal tract of the millipede and microorganisms proliferated in CMC through the proper amplification of nifH genes and proliferation in medium within nitrogen. The community of prokaryotes was influenced by the diet offered to the community up to 45 days, and the actinomycetes community was conditioned by the diet. It was possible to isolate microorganisms and complexes of microorganisms with cellulolytic capacity, with great potential in the search for environmentally friendly technologies in generating agrobioenergy.
A crescente demanda por processos biol?gicos alternativos, ambientalmente favor?veis e eficientes na transforma??o de material ligninocelul?sico, ampliando seu potencial de aplica??o agroindustrial, estimula pesquisas em todo o mundo. Assim, microrganismos isolados na natureza, em ecossistemas espec?ficos, tornam-se cada vez mais importantes pela sua diversidade metab?lica e fisiol?gica, que lhes confere grande potencialidade no desenvolvimento de processos biotecnol?gicos de interesse ? sociedade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a comunidade microbiana associada ao trato intestinal do dipl?pode Trigoniulus corallinus e a bioprospec??o de microrganismos com capacidade celulol?tica. Os dipl?podes foram coletados e incubados em dietas com serrapilheira de grama batatais (Paspalum notatum) e sabi? (Mimosa caesalpinifolia). As amostragens aconteceram aos 15, 30, 45 e 75 dias de incuba??o. O trato intestinal de cinco indiv?duos foi removido e seccionado o ter?o posterior tratado em ultrasom e estocado. Procedeu-se a extra??o de DNA da microbiota associada ao trato intestinal, serrapilheira e copr?lito, com an?lise por DGGE utilizando o gene 16S rDNA, DGGE para grupo actinomicetos e avalia??o da presen?a de genes nifH. A an?lise do gene 16s por DGGE revelou diversidade microbiana condicionada pela dieta oferecida at? os 45 dias. Ap?s este per?odo o efeito n?o foi mais vis?vel. A comunidade associada aos copr?litos e ao tipo de serrapilheira distribui-se em grupamentos separados das amostras oriundas do trato intestinal. O mesmo n?o foi observado na avalia??o da comunidade de actinomicetos, onde o grande diferencial para divis?o de grupos foi a dieta. Os animais alimentados com serrapilheira de grama mostraram uma comunidade diversa e n?o influenciada pelo tempo ou compartimentaliza??o. As amostras associadas ? serrapilheira e aos copr?litos foram 80% similares ?s do trato intestinal. Nos dipl?podes alimentados com sabi?, o resultado foi diferente, sendo as amostras de serrapilheira e copr?litos 50% similares ?s do trato intestinal. Todas as amostragens tiveram genes nifH detectados via PCR. Amostras coletadas aos 45 dias foram tamb?m inoculadas em meio mineral m?nimo de Busnell-Hass adicionado de carboxi-metil-celulose (CMC) como ?nica fonte de carbono. Os microrganismos isolados foram avaliados quanto ? capacidade de degrada??o de celulose e 15 apresentaram ?ndice enzim?tico maior que 1. O isolado com o maior ?ndice (3,65) foi alvo de outras an?lises. A visualiza??o em microsc?pio sugeriu que n?o se tratava de um isolado e sim de um complexo de microrganismos atuando na degrada??o da celulose. H? evidencias de FBN no trato intestinal do dipl?pode e microrganismos proliferados em meio CMC pela boa amplifica??o de genes nifH e prolifera??o em meio com aus?ncia de nitrog?nio. A comunidade de procariotos foi influenciada pela dieta oferecida at? os 45 dias e a comunidade de actinomicetos foi condicionada em fun??o da dieta. Foram isolados microrganismos e complexos de microrganismos com capacidade celulol?tica, com grande potencial para a busca de tecnologias ambientalmente sustent?veis na gera??o de agrobioenergia.
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Marukawa, Kazuyuki. "MNC overseas subsidiaries in Japan : in search of centres of excellence." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/mnc-overseas-subsidiaries-in-japan-in-search-of-centres-of-excellence(4ce84ab4-fb81-46fd-b6c7-c6d5e6c0a426).html.
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This research aims to 1) analyse the key roles and activities performed by foreign MNC subsidiaries in Japan, and 2) investigate the key factors leading to the creation of centres of excellence among those subsidiaries.We surveyed 134 MNC foreign subsidiaries in Japan and identified three key areas for the formation of centres of excellence in Japan. The first is the continuous expansion of R&D activities; the second is the integration of R&D processes and functions within the rest of the MNC; the third is subsidiary linkage with external suppliers. Whilst we have many in-depth studies of multinational MNC activities in markets outside of Japan, fewer investigate foreign MNC activities in Japan. Our study has practical implications for senior management of multinational MNCs who intend to start up or expand operations in the Japanese market.In summary, centres of excellence in Japan need to have all-round balanced capabilities with strong competence in the R&D area.
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Omondi, Eunice. "Individuals' and doctors' perspectives of living with systemic lupus erythematosus in Kenya." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/individuals-and-doctors-perspectives-of-living-with-systemic-lupus-erythematosus-in-kenya(d05037be-fb91-41b0-a679-56103f3cf161).html.
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Lupus is a complex, poorly understood long-term disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues of any part of the body. The disease mainly affects young women of childbearing age. Studies from developed countries show that the condition affects individuals physically, emotionally and socially. However, nothing is known about how having lupus has affected individuals living with the condition in the African continent. I explored how lupus had affected individuals living with the condition in Kenya from the time individuals began to feel unwell. I interviewed three groups of participants. 10 individuals who attended the public rheumatology clinic, 11 individuals who attended a private rheumatology clinic and 6 doctors who worked in the rheumatology clinics. The study found that some individuals delayed in getting medical help for their lupus. It appears to take a long time for individuals to get their lupus diagnosed due to organisation and staffing of the Kenyan health system. It was also perceived by individuals with lupus that treatment for the condition was difficult to access and it was also costly. Some individuals believed that their lupus had a supernatural cause. Often there appeared to be a lack of understanding of lupus by individuals who suffered from the condition; and also by others, some having experienced disapproval or negative feelings from others. Individuals with lupus reported lacking the financial resources and social support to manage their condition better. Lupus was affecting them physically, emotionally and had an impact on their social lives. There are a number of challenges in living with lupus in Kenya, including individuals' and others perception of the condition, but also how healthcare is provided to these individuals.
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Lopes, Esmeralda Aparecida Porto. "Curva de Resposta da Cultura do Milho ao N Adicionado como Adubo Verde e sua Equival?ncia com a Fertiliza??o com Sulfato de Am?nio." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1340.
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The study had the objective of evaluating height and density of crotalaria planting (Crotalaria juncea L.) as biomass indicators of production, N accumulation, and potential of nitrogen biological fixation in the plant, and its influence in the maize crop (Zea mays L.). Also to obtain a corn response pattern to green manure and equivalence to N added as ammonium sulphate fertilizer. The study was conducted in 2005 and 2006, under field conditions, in the experimental area of Embrapa Agrobiologia, Serop?dica, RJ. The soil in the experimental area was identified as a Fragiudult. In the first experiment, a randomized block with four replicates design was used to test four planting densities of crotalaria (50, 100, 150 e 200 plants m-2). In the second experiment, it was used a randomized block, and it was evaluated the corn crop response pattern to doses of 0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg N ha-1, applied in the form of crotalaria biomass, without incorporation in the soil. For comparing N corn response it was used as reference the N fertilizer ammonium sulphate, at 0, 38, 75, 113 and 150 kg N ha-1 dosages. In the first experiment, the height of crotalaria plants was affected by the plant densities per linear meter (15, 30, 45 and 60 pl/m), starting at 48 days after the planting. The density treatment of 15 plants presented the tallest height. The variation of crotalaria plants population did not favor differences in N accumulation, biological nitrogen fixation, ratio shoot/leaf and dry aerial biomass production of crotalaria. On average, crotalaria produced an amount of dry mass of 9.0 Mg ha-1 and accumulated 164.36 kg N ha-1, with an average height of 2.6 m. From the total of N accumulated by crotalaria, 59% derived from BNF and the remaining from the soil. This leguminous was able to add to soil, through BNF, about 97 kg N ha-1, consisting in an excellent strategy of supplying N to soil. The different crotalaria population arrangements resulted in a production of aerial dry matter and N accumulation in corn, in the milky grain stage, higher than the reference plot without N. In the second experiment, crotalaria produced an amount of dry matter of 11.5 Mg ha-1 and accumulated 328 kg N ha-1 in 112 days. Each unit of mineral-N and green manure-N resulted in an increment of 22.27 and 11.98 kg ha-1, respectively. A linear model was also adjusted for total N accumulation in corn as function of green manure-N doses (R2 = 0.64) and with Nammonium sulphate (R2 = 0.79) to 5% of significance level. Each unit of mineral-N and green manure-N resulted in an increment of 0.43 and 0.09 kg ha-1, respectively. It was concluded, through the angular coefficients of the linear regression equations, which green manure and mineral fertilizer did not presented same efficiency, neither in crotalaria dry biomass production nor in total N accumulation. Therefore, it takes twice and five times more green manure to reach the same production of dry matter and total N accumulation, respectively.
O estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a altura e a densidade de plantio de crotal?ria (Crotalaria juncea L.) como indicadores da produ??o de biomassa, acumula??o de N e potencial de fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio na planta, e sua influ?ncia na cultura do milho (Zea mays L.), assim como se obter uma curva de resposta da cultura do milho ? aduba??o verde, em equival?ncia ao N na forma de sulfato de am?nio. Foram conduzidos trabalhos experimentais nos anos de 2005 e 2006, sob condi??es de campo na ?rea experimental da Embrapa Agrobiologia, Serop?dica, RJ. Os experimentos foram instalados em um Planossolo H?plico, sendo que, no primeiro experimento, utilizou-se um delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repeti??es, para testar quatro densidades de plantio de crotal?ria (50, 100, 150 e 200 plantas m-2). No segundo experimento, utilizou-se um delineamento em blocos ao acaso e avaliou-se a resposta da cultura do milho ?s doses de 0, 75, 150, 225 e 300 kg N ha-1 na forma de parte a?rea de crotal?ria, sem incorpora??o no solo, tendo como refer?ncia a resposta ? fertiliza??o com doses de 0, 38, 75, 113 e 150 kg N ha-1 na forma de N-sulfato de am?nio. No primeiro experimento, a altura da planta de crotal?ria foi afetada pelas densidades de plantas por metro linear (15, 30, 45 e 60 pl/m) a partir dos 48 dias ap?s o plantio, sendo a densidade de 15 plantas a que apresentou a maior altura. A varia??o da popula??o de plantas de crotal?ria n?o favoreceu diferen?as na acumula??o de N, fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio, rela??o caule/folha e produ??o de biomassa seca a?rea pela crotal?ria. Em m?dia, a crotal?ria produziu uma quantidade de mat?ria seca de 9,0 Mg ha-1 e acumulou 164,36 kg N ha-1, com uma altura m?dia de (2,6 m). Do total de N acumulado pela crotal?ria, 59% foram derivados da FBN, sendo o restante proveniente do solo. Sendo assim, essa leguminosa foi capaz de aportar ao solo, via FBN, cerca de 97 kg N ha-1, constituindo-se em uma excelente estrat?gia de fornecimento de N ao solo. Os diferentes arranjos populacionais da crotal?ria resultaram em uma produ??o de mat?ria seca a?rea e ac?mulo de nitrog?nio no milho no est?dio de gr?o leitoso superior a testemunha n?o nitrogenada. No segundo experimento, a crotal?ria produziu uma quantidade de mat?ria seca de 11,5 Mg ha-1, acumulou 328 kg N ha-1 em 112 dias. Um no milho em fun??o das doses de N como adubo verde (R2 = 0,64) e com N-Sulfato de am?nio (R2 = 0,79) ao n?vel de 5% de signific?ncia. Para cada unidade de N mineral e Nadubo verde resultou em um incremento de (0,43 e 0,09 kg ha-1), respectivamente. Concluiuse atrav?s dos coeficientes angulares das equa??es de regress?o linear que o adubo verde e o adubo mineral n?o apresentaram a mesma efici?ncia quanto a produ??o de biomassa a?rea seca da crotal?ria nem quanto ao ac?mulo de N-total, sendo portanto necess?rio duas e cinco vezes a mais adubo verde para alcan?ar a mesma produ??o de mat?ria seca e ac?mulo de Ntotal, respectivamente.
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Dias, Polianna Alves Silva. "Potencial genético de linhagens elite de feijoeiro-comum para fixação biológica de nitrogênio." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7281.
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In species rich in protein, like common bean, the nitrogen is considered as the most limiting nutrient in the development of the crop. One way to acquire the N by common bean is through biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Despite its importance, there are no studies aiming the selection of common bean genotypes under rhizobia inoculation in multiple environments. Thus, the objectives of this studies were: to study the effect of interaction (GxF) of common bean elite lines with nitrogen fertilization and/or rhizobia inoculation; to select lines with high grain yield adaptability and stability and high agronomic performance when inoculated with rhizobia; to assess the variability of the elite lines for the nodulation traits; and to identify lines with superior nodulation traits under BNF cultivation. They were evaluated 19 carioca genotypes and 15 of the black group, in trials conducted separately by grain group. At first, experiments for the evaluation of agronomic traits were conducted at the states of Goiás, Paraná, Mato Grosso and at Distrito Federal, in three sowing seasons (rainy, winter and dry), in 2011 and 2012. Two trials were installed at each environment (location/sowing season/year), one with mineral nitrogen fertilization (80 kg N ha-1) and another with the inoculation of the seeds with Rhizobium tropici and R. freirei strains. The grain yield, sieve yield, 100 grains weight, plant architecture, lodging tolerance and the reaction to anthracnose and angular leaf spot were evaluated. Then, the lines were evaluated during rainy/2013 and winter/2014 seasons, at Santo Antônio de Goiás/GO, under rhizobia inoculation and nitrogen fertilization, in which they were assessed the nodule number, nodule dry and specific weight, nodules activity and shoot dry weight. The relative nodulation index was used on the selection of lines for the nodulation traits. Individual and combined analyses of variance were performed and they were estimated the Spearman correlations and the coincidence index on the selection of the best 30% lines with inoculation and with N fertilization. Grain yield adaptability and stability analyses were performed by the Nunes graphical method. Even though the interaction GxF was significant for some traits in both grain groups, it did not influence on the selection of the best genotypes. The lines of both groups are more productive when fertilized with mineral N, however, the carioca lines lodge less under BNF. The carioca line CNFC 15086 and the cultivars of black group BRS FP403 and BRS Esteio are indicated for cultivation under both N sources. The lines of both grain groups show higher performance for nodulation traits when inoculated. The genotypes BRS Sublime, CNFC 15010 and CNFC 15003 of the carioca group, and BRS Campeiro and CNFP 15177 of the black group are selected for the nodulation traits.
Em espécies ricas em proteína, como o feijoeiro-comum, o nitrogênio é tido como o nutriente mais limitante ao desenvolvimento da cultura. Uma das formas de aquisição do N pelo feijoeiro-comum é via fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN). Apesar de sua importância, inexistem estudos para seleção de genótipos de feijoeiro-comum sob inoculação com rizóbio em múltiplos ambientes para cultivo. Os objetivos do trabalho foram: estudar o efeito da interação (GxF) de linhagens elite de feijoeiro-comum com a adubação nitrogenada mineral e/ou inoculação com rizóbio; selecionar linhagens com alta adaptabilidade e estabilidade produtiva e alto desempenho agronômico quando inoculadas com rizóbio; avaliar a variabilidade das linhagens para os caracteres relativos à nodulação; e identificar linhagens com características de nodulação superiores para utilização em cultivo sob FBN. Foram avaliados 19 genótipos do grupo carioca e 15 do grupo preto, em ensaios separados por grupo de grão. Inicialmente foram feitos experimentos para avaliação de caracteres agronômicos, nos Estados de Goiás, Paraná, Mato Grosso e no Distrito Federal, em três épocas de semeadura (águas, inverno e seca), em 2011 e 2012. Foram instalados dois ensaios em cada ambiente (local/época de semeadura/ano), um com adubação nitrogenada mineral (80 kg ha-1 de N) e outro com inoculação das sementes com estirpes de Rhizobium tropici e R. freirei. Foram avaliadas a produtividade de grãos, rendimento de peneira, massa de 100 grãos, arquitetura de plantas, tolerância ao acamamento e a reação à antracnose e mancha-angular. Posteriormente, as linhagens foram avaliadas nas safras das águas/2013 e inverno/2014, em Santo Antônio de Goiás/GO, com inoculação de rizóbio e adubação com N mineral, em que foram avaliados o número de nódulos, a massa de nódulos secos e a específica, atividade de nódulos e massa da parte aérea seca. O índice de nodulação relativa foi utilizado na seleção de linhagens quanto aos caracteres de nodulação. Foram realizadas análises de variância individuais e conjuntas e estimadas as correlações de Spearman e o índice de coincidência da seleção das 30% melhores linhagens com inoculação e com N mineral. Foram feitas análises de adaptabilidade e estabilidade produtiva pelo método gráfico de Nunes. A interação GxF foi significativa para alguns caracteres em ambos os grupos de cores, porém não influenciaram na seleção das melhores linhagens. As linhagens de ambos os grupos são mais produtivas sob adubação com N mineral, porém, as do grupo carioca acamam menos sob FBN. A linhagem carioca CNFC 15086 e as cultivares do grupo preto BRS FP403 e BRS Esteio são indicadas para o cultivo em ambas as fontes de N. As linhagens de ambos os grupos apresentam melhor desempenho para os caracteres de nodulação quando inoculadas. Os genótipos do grupo carioca BRS Sublime, CNFC 15010 e CNFC 15003 e, os do grupo preto, BRS Campeiro e CNFP 15177 são selecionados quanto aos caracteres de nodulação.