Relevant bibliographies by topics / FBG packaging

Academic literature on the topic 'FBG packaging'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "FBG packaging"

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Drusová, Sandra, R. Martijn Wagterveld, Adam D. Wexler, and Herman L. Offerhaus. "Dynamic Consolidation Measurements in a Well Field Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors." Sensors 19, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 4403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204403.

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Currently available groundwater flow prediction tools and methods are limited by insufficient spatial resolution of subsurface data and the unknown local heterogeneity. In this field study, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were installed in an extraction well field to investigate its potential to measure groundwater flow velocity. Reference in-situ pore pressure and temperature measurements were used to identify possible sources of FBG responses. FBG strain sensors were able to detect soil consolidation caused by groundwater extraction from 250 m distance. The results show that FBG responses were influenced by interface friction between soil and FBG packaging. FBG packaging slipped in soil and the effect was more pronounced during higher groundwater flow around a nearby well. These FBG fibers could be applied for indirect flow monitoring that does not require any tracer and provide real-time and long-term data during regular operation of extraction wells.
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Jeon, Se-Jin, Sung Yong Park, and Sung Tae Kim. "Temperature Compensation of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors in Smart Strand." Sensors 22, no. 9 (April 25, 2022): 3282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093282.

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Compared to other types of sensors, fiber optic sensors have improved accuracy and durability. Recently, the Smart Strand was developed to maximize the advantages of fiber optic sensors for measuring the cable forces in prestressed concrete structures or cable-supported bridges. The Smart Strand has fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) embedded in a core wire of the seven-wire strand. Similar to other sensors, the strain measured at an FBG is affected by temperature; therefore, the temperature effect that is not related to the mechanical strain should be compensated for or corrected in the long-term measurement subjected to temperature variation. However, a temperature compensation procedure for the FBG has yet to be established, and relevant studies have used different formulas for the compensation. Moreover, when the FBG sensors are packaged with a certain material—such as fiber reinforced polymer—for protection, it is important to consider the interaction between the FBG, packaging material, and host material during thermal behavior. Therefore, this study proposed a reasonable procedure for temperature compensation for the FBG sensors embedded in packaging material and host material. In particular, the thermal sensitivity of the Smart Strand was intensively investigated. The proposed theoretical formulas were validated through comparison with data obtained from various specimens in a temperature-controlled chamber. Finally, the procedure was applied to correct the data measured using the Smart Strands in a 20-m-long full-scale specimen for about a year, thus resulting in a realistic trend of the long-term prestressing force.
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Jeon, Se-Jin, Sung Yong Park, and Sung Tae Kim. "Temperature Compensation of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors in Smart Strand." Sensors 22, no. 9 (April 25, 2022): 3282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093282.

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Compared to other types of sensors, fiber optic sensors have improved accuracy and durability. Recently, the Smart Strand was developed to maximize the advantages of fiber optic sensors for measuring the cable forces in prestressed concrete structures or cable-supported bridges. The Smart Strand has fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) embedded in a core wire of the seven-wire strand. Similar to other sensors, the strain measured at an FBG is affected by temperature; therefore, the temperature effect that is not related to the mechanical strain should be compensated for or corrected in the long-term measurement subjected to temperature variation. However, a temperature compensation procedure for the FBG has yet to be established, and relevant studies have used different formulas for the compensation. Moreover, when the FBG sensors are packaged with a certain material—such as fiber reinforced polymer—for protection, it is important to consider the interaction between the FBG, packaging material, and host material during thermal behavior. Therefore, this study proposed a reasonable procedure for temperature compensation for the FBG sensors embedded in packaging material and host material. In particular, the thermal sensitivity of the Smart Strand was intensively investigated. The proposed theoretical formulas were validated through comparison with data obtained from various specimens in a temperature-controlled chamber. Finally, the procedure was applied to correct the data measured using the Smart Strands in a 20-m-long full-scale specimen for about a year, thus resulting in a realistic trend of the long-term prestressing force.
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Wu, Lei, Muneesh Maheshwari, Yaowen Yang, and Wensheng Xiao. "Selection and Characterization of Packaged FBG Sensors for Offshore Applications." Sensors 18, no. 11 (November 15, 2018): 3963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113963.

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With the development in the exploitation of maritime resources, the structural health monitoring (SHM) of offshore structures becomes necessary. This study focuses on addressing the practical issues of application of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for the SHM of offshore structures, in particular an FPSO (floating, production, storage, and offloading unit) vessel. Due to the harsh marine environment and tough working conditions, the FBG sensors must have sufficient protection and good repeatability for long-term monitoring. Thorough research has been conducted to identify the most suitable, commercially available protection packaging for FBG sensors for offshore applications. Further, the performance of the selected FBG sensor packaging is tested under conditions of strong sunlight, heavy rain, and salty water in order to emulate the marine environment. Moreover, the installation method of the packaged FBG sensors is equally important, as it ensures the repeatability and durability of the sensors for their long-term performance. It is shown that the packaged FBG sensors can be installed using resin-based epoxy to maintain the repeatability of the sensor over the long-term. Further, the packaged FBG sensors are installed and tested on a simple FPSO model. The experimental results under full load and ballast draft conditions show that the proposed FBG sensors are competent for the SHM of offshore structures.
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Li, Jian-zhi, Bao-chen Sun, and Yan-liang Du. "Union self-compensated packaging of FBG strain sensor." Optoelectronics Letters 10, no. 1 (January 2014): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11801-014-3179-7.

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Yang, Jing, Peng Hou, Caiqian Yang, and Ning Yang. "Study of a Long-Gauge FBG Strain Sensor with Enhanced Sensitivity and Its Application in Structural Monitoring." Sensors 21, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 3492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21103492.

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A long-gauge fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensor with enhanced strain sensitivity is proposed, which is encapsulated with two T-shaped metal blocks. Its fabrication method is described briefly, and the strain sensitivity can be flexibly adjusted through changing its packaging method. A series of experiments are carried out to study the packaging and its sensing properties. The experimental results show that the strain and temperature sensitivity coefficient of the sensor are three times larger than the common FBG sensors. The linearity coefficients of the FBG sensor are larger than 0.999, and the relative error of the repeatability of all sensor samples is less than 1%. Through the stability test on the actual bridge, it is revealed that the long-term stability of the sensor is excellent, and the maximum error is less than 1.5%. In addition, the proposed FBG strain sensors are used to conduct a shear strengthening experiment on a reinforced concrete (RC) beam to verify its working performance. The experimental results show that the strain change and crack propagation of the RC beam are well monitored by the sensors during the loading process.
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Zhang, Jie, Yan Xie, Zehua Zhang, Le Lv, and Zhencheng Tan. "Research on Optical Fiber Sensor for Environmental Temperature and Humidity of Transmission Line." E3S Web of Conferences 252 (2021): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125202014.

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The operation environment of the transmission line directly affects the operation safety of the transmission line. This article studied a FBG temperature and humidity sensor based on optical fiber sensing technology for transmission lines. Firstly, this paper studies the packaging method of the sensor, then designs the corresponding installation fixture, and gives its installation diagram. Finally, the performance of the FBG is tested in the experimental box and the national optoelectronic information product quality supervision and inspection center, and the test results show that the performance of the FBG temperature and humidity sensor is better.
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Liu, Zheng, Yongjie Li, Nan Zhang, Zhongwei Liang, and Fangyi Li. "Reliability Analysis of CFRP-Packaged FBG Sensors Using FMEA and FTA Techniques." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 17, 2021): 10859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210859.

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Carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP)-packaged fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are widely used in full-scale structural testing of wind turbine blades (WTBs). However, the specific process to make CFRP-packaged FBG sensors, such as packaging, bonding, welding, etc., are mainly manually operated, and no unified standard or rule has been formed yet. Non-standard specific processes, coupled with complex stress distribution, unstable working environments, etc., result in the CFRP-packaged FBG sensors having various failures with time, resulting in inaccurate measurements. Thus, the need to carry out related failure analysis is urgent. This paper therefore performed a reliability analysis for CFRP-packaged FBG sensors using failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and fault tree analysis (FTA) techniques. The results provide an important basis towards analyzing performance degradation and functional failures for CFRP-packaged FBG sensors.
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Drusová, Sandra, Wiecher Bakx, Adam D. Wexler, and Herman L. Offerhaus. "Possibilities for Groundwater Flow Sensing with Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors." Sensors 19, no. 7 (April 11, 2019): 1730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19071730.

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An understanding of groundwater flow near drinking water extraction wells is crucial when it comes to avoiding well clogging and pollution. A promising new approach to groundwater flow monitoring is the deployment of a network of optical fibers with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. In preparation for a field experiment, a laboratory scale aquifer was constructed to investigate the feasibility of FBG sensors for this application. Multiparameter FBG sensors were able to detect changes in temperature, pressure, and fiber shape with sensitivities influenced by the packaging. The first results showed that, in a simulated environment with a flow velocity of 2.9 m/d, FBG strain effects were more pronounced than initially expected. FBG sensors of a pressure-induced strain implemented in a spatial array could form a multiplexed sensor for the groundwater flow direction and magnitude. Within the scope of this research, key technical specifications of FBG interrogators for groundwater flow sensing were also identified.
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Castro Caicedo, Alvaro Jesus, Maria Julia Nieto Callejas, Pedro Torres, Ricardo Laín, and Ludger Oswaldo Suarez Burgoa. "Manufacturing and reliability of a fiber Bragg grating strain sensor designed for uniaxial compression test of rocks." DYNA 86, no. 208 (January 1, 2019): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v86n208.70484.

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In this work we present an optical Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) strain sensor appropriate for uniaxial compression test of rocks. The rocks are a complex aggregate of materials and may exhibit in some cases mineral grains of size bigger than the conventional electrical strain gages used. Furthermore, commercial surface mountable optical FBG strain sensors are packaged in planar configuration, which is not appropriate for the cylindrical rock cores in uniaxial compression test. The optical FBG sensors were designed and manufactured manually fitted for cylindrical rock samples. A calibration process was carried out in order to stablish the mechanical performance of the FBG packaging; later, a compression test was conducted on hard rock sample and the strain was recorded by the traditional electrical strain gage (ESG) and FBG system. Under this comparison, the FBG sensors reaches a larger recording area, sensitivity under 100 microstrain and a reliable strain transfer, all of which is appropriate to measure strain for heterogeneous rock composition and minerals grain size.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "FBG packaging"

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Liang, Tian You Richard. "Dual-Parameter Opto-Mechanical Fiber Optic Sensors for Harsh Environment Sensing: Design, Packaging, Calibration, and Applications." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8483.

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This thesis concerns with the development of a dual-parameter sensor based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and a packaging design for high pressure sensing in harsh environment. This thesis starts by introducing a novel design of a partially coated FBG, using a metallic insert and a thermal curing epoxy. An analytical opto-mechanical model, based on couple mode theory, was developed and presented. The experimental and modelling result of the optical response of the partially coated FBG were compared and shown to be in excellent agreement. The experiments were executed on a custom-built fiber optic calibration station. The coated FBG sensor has a temperature sensitivity of 26.9 ± 0.3 pm/°C, which is 2.7 times higher than a bare fiber; and a force sensitivity of 0.104 nm/N, which is 13 times smaller than a bare fiber. The zero reference of the sensor has a drift of a maximum of 70 pm but the sensor is shown to settle within ±5 pm after 3 thermal cycles and 10 tensile loading cycles. A low profile packaging design is presented for a maximum pressure of 20.68 MPa (3000 psi) for harsh environment applications. A detailed study with FEM analysis revealed the optimal design for the package’s sleeve thickness is 0.5 mm. The temperature sensitivity is in close agreement with the unpackaged coated sensor with 10% difference. Compared to the modelling, the equivalent force sensitivity is 27% lower due to prototype dimensional uncertainties and modelling uncertainties with the material properties. The lack of pre-tension of the FBG sensor in the package also attributed to lower force sensitivity at pressure level lower than 4.13 MPa (600 psi).
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Guru, Prasad A. S. "Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors : An Exploration Of Applications In Diverse Fields." Thesis, 2012. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2507.

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Sensors have become essential elements in human life for safe and comfortable existence in the ever demanding world. Various technologies over decades have contributed in their own way fulfilling innumerable sensing requirements. The discovery of optical sensor technologies has revolutionized the sensing field due to their inherent advantages. Among the large number of fiber optic sensor technologies, FBG based sensors have become widely known and popular within and outside the photonics community and has seen a prominent rise in their utilization. This thesis explores the use of FBG sensors for a wide range of applications scanning across a variety of engineering and medical applications, in the areas of civil engineering, biomechanical engineering, aerospace engineering, geoengineering, etc. It also deals with newer methods of packaging FBG sensors for the measurement of specific engineering parameters like strain, temperature, pressure, displacement and vibration. In the field of civil engineering, FBG sensors are employed for strain sensing on a prism and furthermore tested on a full size brick wallet. During this study, emphasis is made on substituting traditional sensors by specially packaged FBG sensors with the intent of either enhancing the sensing system’s performance or in merging/uniting the inherent advantages of FBG sensors. In the area of biomechanics, a novel sensor methodology using FBG sensors, for measuring surface strains generated on the skin of the calf muscle during various leg exercises is proposed. This methodology is used to address one of the most critical and life threatening issues in long distance air travel, namely the Deep Vein Thrombosis. Further, a FBG sensor based plantar sensing plate, is designed and developed, to measure plantar strain distribution in foot and also to analyze the postural stability. In the field of aerospace engineering, FBG sensors are used for addressing two of the most vital issues; Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) and direct measurement of pressure and temperature on the surface of an aircraft under hypersonic wind flow. Carbon Fiber Composite coupon level testing is carried out to obtain a generic strain calibration factor for the FBG sensor. Further, FBG sensors are exploited for the direct measurement of absolute temperature and pressure on the leeward surface of blunt cone at hypersonic wind speeds. In the domain of geoengineering, the feasibility studies have been undertaken to use a FBG as a seismic sensor and as a bore-well characterizing sensor. A novel FBG seismic sensor package is developed using a single FBG sensor to pick up the seismic waves propagating through the ground generated from earthquakes and ground tremors. Further, FBG sensors are used for measurement of temperature profiles in a bore-well to delineate and characterize the behavior of fractures during seasonal climatic changes. To summarize, the present thesis demonstrates a comprehensive experimental study which bring out the utility of FBG sensors in a variety of challenging applications.
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Book chapters on the topic "FBG packaging"

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Ramezanian, A., A. Amiri, and C. H. Crisosto. "Postharvest physiology and physiological disorders of fresh fig fruits." In The fig: botany, production and uses, 384–97. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242881.0016.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on the high perishability of fresh fig fruits and their sensitivity to postharvest decay. The importance of cold storage along with postharvest treatments, such as modified atmosphere packaging, calcium treatment, SO2 fumigation, edible coating and other modern techniques, in the maintenance of fruit quality and reducing postharvest losses is also discussed.
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Maghoumi, M., M. L. Amodio, and G. Colelli. "Processing and industrialization." In The fig: botany, production and uses, 398–420. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242881.0017.

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Abstract This chapter provides information on the various processing methods used to extend the storage life and prolong the quality of fig fruits, such as drying, freezing, canning and roasting, among others. The importance of processing in extending the shelf life, preventing nutrient loss, inhibiting biotic and abiotic degradation processes, lowering transportation, handling and storage costs, providing a consistent product supply important for marketing, optimizing product convenience and flexibility, utilizing more economical and disposable packaging and offering alternatives as a snack product is also discussed.
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"FIG. 12 (a) Resin motion stops because of high contact angle and large distance between fibrils in hexagonal packaging, (b) Continuous resin motion for θ=0 and suitable distance between fibrils in staggered packaging, (c) Maximum free distance between fibrils (dimensionless with respect to the fiber radius) ensuring continuous wetting and the corresponding fibrils volume fraction in hexagonal (full line) and staggered (dashed line) packaging as a function of the contact angle." In Surface and Interfacial Tension, 290–92. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203021262-86.

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Conference papers on the topic "FBG packaging"

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Song, Li-Jun, and Guo-Qing Yu. "The packaging technique about FBG temperature sensor." In 2010 Second International Conference on Communication Systems, Networks and Applications (ICCSNA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsna.2010.5588773.

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Wang, Wen-hua, Yun-jun Feng, Wen-qing Shi, Zheng-ye Xiong, Si-dong Li, Wei-na Wu, and Jun-xiu Lin. "Analysis of packaging material impacting on FBG temperature sensors." In International Conference on Optical Instrumentation and Technology, edited by YanBiao Liao, Anbo Wang, Tingyun Wang, and Yukihiro Ishii. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.837814.

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Zhang Jian, Zhao Hong, and Rong Xian-wei. "Application of BP neural network in FBG sensing system performance improvement." In 2008 International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology & High Density Packaging (ICEPT-HDP). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept.2008.4607031.

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Tan, Yuegang, Yiyang Chen, Ruiya Li, Zhaoxiang Yu, and Yujia Chen. "Study on the consistency and repeatability of FBG packaging technology." In International Symposium on Optoelectronic Technology and Application 2016, edited by Sen Han and JiuBin Tan. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2246939.

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Cao, Jun, Qingwen Liu, Xinyu Fan, and Zuyuan He. "Research on FBG Packaging Technique for Ultrahigh Resolution Strain Sensing." In Asia-Pacific Optical Sensors Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/apos.2016.th4a.46.

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Brochu, Guillaume, Samuel Gouin, Evelyne Brown-Dussault, Mathieu Huneault, Dominic Faucher, Mathieu Faucher, and François Trépanier. "High performance FBG-based components for kilowatt fiber lasers power scaling." In Components and Packaging for Laser Systems VI, edited by Alexei L. Glebov and Paul O. Leisher. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2548351.

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Berri, Pier Carlo, Cosimo Corsi, Matteo D. L. Dalla Vedova, Alessio D. Laudani, Paolo Maggiore, and Cristian Secci. "Study of Packaging and Installation of FBG Sensors for Monitoring of Aircraft Systems." In Proceedings of the 29th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-14-8593-0_5095-cd.

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Zhang, Wentao, Yuliang Liu, and Fang Li. "Temperature insensitive packaging of FBG based on a flat diaphragm and an L-shaped lever." In Asia Pacific Optical Communications, edited by Ming-Jun Li, Ping Shum, Ian H. White, and Xingkun Wu. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.803548.

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Grobnic, Amelia G., Robert James, Ping Lu, and Stephen J. Mihailov. "Characterization of Thermal Stress Phenomena Induced Into a Packaged Planar Lightwave Circuit Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors." In ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems collocated with the ASME 2005 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2005-73209.

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We present a technique for the characterization and analysis of the thermal stress in the optical substrate of packaged photonic devices. This method allows optimization of the package geometry in order to improve the passive compensation of the thermal sensitivity of photonic devices. To the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time the use of strongly chirped, weakly apodized fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors to evaluate the stress distribution induced by the package in the planar lightwave circuit (PLC) substrate. We also evaluated the substrate thermal stress using finite element analysis (FEA). We investigated some of the package design parameters that can be used to control and tune the amount of stress that can be applied to the photonic device optical substrate. Our goal is to optimize the design of a package that applies tensile stress to the optical device to compensate unwanted effects due to ambient temperature variation.
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Jahns, Juergen. "Planar packaging of complex optical systems." In 15th Int'l Optics in Complex Sys. Garmisch, FRG, edited by F. Lanzl, H. J. Preuss, and G. Weigelt. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.34927.

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