Relevant bibliographies by topics / FBG inscription method

Academic literature on the topic 'FBG inscription method'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "FBG inscription method"

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Rybaltovsky, Andrey, Sergei Popov, Dmitry Ryakhovskiy, Alexey Abramov, Andrey Umnikov, Oleg Medvedkov, Viktor Voloshin, et al. "Random Laser Based on Ytterbium-Doped Fiber with a Bragg Grating Array as the Source of Continuous-Wave 976 nm Wavelength Radiation." Photonics 9, no. 11 (November 8, 2022): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9110840.

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A random narrow-linewidth lasing at a wavelength of 976 nm was obtained in an ytterbium-doped germanophosphosilicate fiber with an array of weakly reflecting fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). A random laser cavity was formed by implementing the standard phase mask method of FBG inscription directly during the fiber drawing process. The UV radiation pulses of a KrF excimer laser (248 nm wavelength) synchronized with the fiber drawing speed were used to fabricate the in-fiber array of hundreds of similar FBGs. The developed laser’s slope efficiency in the backward-pumping scheme was measured as high as 33%. The stable continuous-wave operation mode of the laser was detected. The magnitude of the laser power fluctuations depends linearly on the cavity length. The random laser cavity modified with a single highlyreflected (90%) FBG demonstrates significantly better power stability and higher slope efficiency than the same one without an FBG.
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Theodosiou, Antreas, Jan Aubrecht, Ivan Kašík, Daniel Dousek, Matěj Komanec, and Kyriacos Kalli. "Femtosecond Laser Plane-by-Plane Inscribed Cavity Mirrors for Monolithic Fiber Lasers in Thulium-Doped Fiber." Sensors 21, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 1928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21061928.

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A monolithic fiber laser operating in the short wavelength infrared that is suitable for CO2 gas sensing applications is proposed and presented. The current study reports a laser design based on the direct inscription of a monolithic Fabry–Perot (FP) cavity in a thulium-doped optical fiber using the femtosecond laser (FsL) plane-by-plane inscription method to produce the cavity mirrors. The FP cavity was inscribed directly into the active fiber using two wavelength-identical fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), one with high and one with low reflectivity. Initially the effective length of the fiber was defined using a single high reflectivity FBG and subsequently a very weak FBG was inscribed at the other end of the fiber in order to demonstrate a fully monolithic fiber laser. All fiber lasers were designed for continuous wave operation at 1950 nm and characterized with respect to the power output, slope efficiency, stability, and effective resonator length. The performance of the presented monolithic laser cavities was evaluated using the same active fiber as a reference fiber spliced to FBGs inscribed in passive fiber; an improvement exceeding 12% slope efficiency is reported for the presented monolithic laser.
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Hu, Xuehao, Yuhang Chen, Shixin Gao, Rui Min, Getinet Woyessa, Ole Bang, Hang Qu, Heng Wang, and Christophe Caucheteur. "Direct Bragg Grating Inscription in Single Mode Step-Index TOPAS/ZEONEX Polymer Optical Fiber Using 520 nm Femtosecond Pulses." Polymers 14, no. 7 (March 26, 2022): 1350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071350.

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We experimentally report fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in a single mode step-index polymer optical fiber (POF) with a core made of TOPAS and cladding made of ZEONEX using 520 nm femtosecond pulses and a point-by-point (PbP) inscription method. With different pulse energies between 69.8 nJ and 80.4 nJ, 12 FBGs are distributed along the cores of two pieces of POFs with negative averaged effective index change up to ~6 × 10−4 in the TOPAS. For POF 1 with FBGs 1–6, the highest reflectivity 45.1% is obtained with a pulse energy of 76.1 nJ. After inscription, good grating stability is reported. Thanks to the post-annealing at 125 °C for 24 h, after cooling the grating reflectivity increases by ~10%. For POF 2 with FBGs 7–12, similar FBG data are obtained showing good reproducibility. Then, the FBGs are annealed at 125 °C for 78 h, and the average reflectivity of the FBGs during the annealing process increases by ~50% compared to that before the annealing, which could be potentially applied to humidity insensitive high temperature measurement.
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Pereira, Luís, Rui Min, Getinet Woyessa, Ole Bang, Carlos Marques, Humberto Varum, and Paulo Antunes. "Interrogation Method with Temperature Compensation Using Ultra-Short Fiber Bragg Gratings in Silica and Polymer Optical Fibers as Edge Filters." Sensors 23, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010023.

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The use of simpler and less bulky equipment, with a reliable performance and at relative low cost is increasingly important when assembling sensing configurations for a wide variety of applications. Based on this concept, this paper proposes a simple, efficient and relative low-cost fiber Bragg grating (FBG) interrogation solution using ultra-short FBGs (USFBGs) as edge filters. USFBGs with different lengths and reflection bandwidths were produced in silica optical fiber and in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microstructured polymer optical fiber (mPOF), and by adjusting specific inscription parameters and the diffraction pattern, these gratings can present self-apodization and unique spectral characteristics suitable for filtering operations. In addition to being a cost-effective edge filter solution, USFBGs and standard uniform FBGs in silica fiber have similar thermal sensitivities, which results in a straightforward operation without complex equipment or calculations. This FBG interrogation configuration is also quite promising for dynamic measurements, and due to its multiplexing capabilities multiple USFBGs can be inscribed in the same optical fiber, allowing to incorporate several filters with identical or different spectral characteristics at specific wavelength regions in the same fiber, thus showing great potential to create and develop new sensing configurations.
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Li, Hongye, Xiaofan Zhao, Binyu Rao, Meng Wang, Baiyi Wu, and Zefeng Wang. "Line Position-Dependent Effect in Line-by-Line Inscribed Fiber Bragg Gratings." Sensors 21, no. 21 (October 30, 2021): 7231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217231.

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Line-by-line direct writing by femtosecond laser has been proved to be a simple and effective method for the fabrication of low-loss fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), and is more flexible compared with the traditional ultraviolet exposure method. In this paper, the line-position-dependent characteristics of cladding modes coupling in line-by-line FBGs have been studied, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time. Both theoretical and experimental results show that off-center inscribing could compress the bandwidth of the Bragg resonance and excite more abundant cladding mode coupling, in which the core-guided fundamental mode would couple to the cladding-guided LP0n and LP1n simultaneously. By aligning the line positions across the core region, the first apodized line-by-line FBG was achieved. This work enriches the theories of line-by-line FBGs and provides an inscription guidance to meet different application requirements.
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Rybaltovsky, Andrey, Sergei Popov, Denis Lipatov, Andrey Umnikov, Alexey Abramov, Oleg Morozov, Dmitry Ryakhovskiy, et al. "Photosensitive Yb-Doped Germanophosphosilicate Artificial Rayleigh Fibers as a Base of Random Lasers." Fibers 9, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib9090053.

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Asingle-mode Yb-doped germanophosphosilicate fiber with ultra-low optical losses (less than 2 dB/km) was fabricated by means of the MCVD method utilizing an all-gas-phase deposition technique developed “in house”. The absorption and luminescent spectral properties of the fiber were thoroughly studied. The photosensitivity of the pristine (non-hydrogenated) fiber to 248 nm-laser radiation was confirmed by means of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) inscription directly during the drawing process. The random single-frequency lasing at the 1060-nm-wavelength obtained in the 21-m-long fiber with an array of weak FBG was reported. The developed laser slope efficiency in the backward-pumping scheme was measured as high as 32%.
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Leal-Junior, Arnaldo, Antreas Theodosiou, Camilo Díaz, Carlos Marques, Maria Pontes, Kyriacos Kalli, and Anselmo Frizera-Neto. "Fiber Bragg Gratings in CYTOP Fibers Embedded in a 3D-Printed Flexible Support for Assessment of Human–Robot Interaction Forces." Materials 11, no. 11 (November 16, 2018): 2305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112305.

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We developed a flexible support with embedded polymer optical fiber (POF) sensors for the assessment of human–robot interaction forces. The supports were fabricated with a three-dimensional (3D) printer, where an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) rigid structure was used in the region of the support in which the exoskeleton was attached, whereas a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) flexible structure was printed in the region where the users placed their legs. In addition, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), inscribed in low-loss, cyclic, transparent, optical polymer (CYTOP) using the direct-write, plane-by-plane femtosecond laser inscription method, were embedded in the TPU structure. In this case, a 2-FBG array was embedded in two supports for human–robot interaction force assessment at two points on the users’ legs. Both FBG sensors were characterized with respect to temperature and force; additionally, the creep response of the polymer, where temperature influences the force sensitivity, was analyzed. Following the characterization, a compensation method for the creep and temperature influence was derived, showing relative errors below 4.5%. Such errors were lower than the ones obtained with similar sensors in previously published works. The instrumented support was attached to an exoskeleton for knee rehabilitation exercises, where the human–robot interaction forces were measured in flexion and extension cycles.
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Zhang, Naizhong, Claire Davis, Wing K. Chiu, Tommy Boilard, and Martin Bernier. "Fatigue Performance of Type I Fibre Bragg Grating Strain Sensors." Sensors 19, no. 16 (August 12, 2019): 3524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163524.

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Although fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) offer obvious potential for use in high-density, high-strain sensing applications, the adoption of this technology in the historically conservative aerospace industry has been slow. There are several contributing factors, one of which is variability in the reported performance of these sensors in harsh and fatigue prone environments. This paper reports on a comparative evaluation of the fatigue performance of FBG sensors written according to the same specifications using three different grating manufacturing processes: sensors written in stripped and re-coated fibres, sensors written during the fibre draw process and sensors written through fibre coating. Fatigue cycling of the fibres is provided by a customized electro-dynamically actuated loading assembly designed to provide high frequency and amplitude loading. Pre- and post-fatigue microscopic analysis and high-resolution transmission and reflection spectra scanning are conducted to investigate the fatigue performance of FBGs, the failure regions of fibres as well as any fatigue-related effects on the spectral profiles. It was found that because of the unique fabrication method, the sensors written through the fibre coating, also known as trans-jacket FBGs, show better fatigue performance than stripped and re-coated FBGs with greater control possible to tailor the optical reflection properties compared to gratings written in the draw tower. This emerging method for inscription of Type I gratings opens up the potential for mass production of higher reflectivity, apodised sensors with dense or complex array architectures which can be adopted as sensors for harsh environments such as in defence and aerospace industries.
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Hicke, Konstantin, René Eisermann, and Sebastian Chruscicki. "Enhanced Distributed Fiber Optic Vibration Sensing and Simultaneous Temperature Gradient Sensing Using Traditional C-OTDR and Structured Fiber with Scattering Dots." Sensors 19, no. 19 (September 23, 2019): 4114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194114.

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We present results demonstrating several beneficial effects on distributed fiber optic vibration sensing (DVS) functionality and performance resulting from utilizing standard single mode optical fiber (SMF) with femtosecond laser-inscribed equally-spaced simple scattering dots. This modification is particularly useful when using traditional single-wavelength amplitude-based coherent optical time domain reflectometry (C-OTDR) as sensing method. Local sensitivity is increased in quasi-distributed interferometric sensing zones which are formed by the fiber segments between subsequent pairs of the scattering dots. The otherwise nonlinear transfer function is overwritten with that of an ordinary two-beam interferometer. This linearizes the phase response to monotonous temperature variations. Furthermore, sensitivity fading is mitigated and the demodulation of low-frequency signals is enabled. The modification also allows for the quantitative determination of local temperature gradients directly from the C-OTDR intensity traces. The dots’ reflectivities and thus the induced attenuation can be tuned via the inscription process parameters. Our approach is a simple, robust and cost-effective way to gain these sensing improvements without the need for more sophisticated interrogator technology or more complex fiber structuring, e.g., based on ultra-weak FBG arrays. Our claims are substantiated by experimental evidence.
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Chernikov, Anton S., and Ruslan V. Chkalov. "Features of Femtosecond Micromachining of Solid Transparent Materials." Solid State Phenomena 316 (April 2021): 993–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.316.993.

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The paper reports the inscription of second- and third-order fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in single-mode optical fiber (SMF-28e+) via the line-by-line (LbL) and the point-by-point (PbP) methods using femtosecond laser radiation. The use of these methods jointly with based on an automatic spatial deviation correction system is considered. The approach allows to significantly improve spectral characteristics of FBG without the loss of fabrication performance.
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Conference papers on the topic "FBG inscription method"

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Poeggel, Sven, Dineshbabu Duraibabu, Daniele Tosi, Gabriel Leen, Elfed Lewis, Amedee Lacraz, Michael Hambalis, Charalambos Koutsides, and Kyriacos Kalli. "Novel FBG femtosecond laser inscription method for improved FPI sensors for medical applications." In 2014 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2014.6984923.

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Nan, Ying-Gang, Ivan Chapalo, Karima Chah, Xuehao Hu, and Patrice Mégret. "FBG inscription in CYTOP polymer optical fiber through over-clad using phase mask technique." In Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity and Poling in Glass Waveguides and Materials. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bgppm.2022.btu1a.2.

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A novel FBG inscription method in cyclic transparent fluoropolymer (CYTOP) polymer optical fiber through the over-clad using phase mask technique and a femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser at 400 nm is reported. It shows that 8 mm-long uniform grating is obtained in less than 20 s with 500 µW average beam power.
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"Trans-Jacket Fibre Bragg Gratings for In-Situ Health Monitoring of Defence Platforms in Harsh Environments." In Structural Health Monitoring. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901311-6.

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Abstract. Packaged optical fibre sensors offer excellent strength and resistance to environmental degradation, but the reported reliability and durability of fibres containing fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) varies greatly. This is partly due to the fabrication methodologies used to create the sensors. The trans-jacket grating inscription technique uses an infrared laser to write gratings into the fibre core through the polymer coating. This method eliminates the need for harsh coating removal processes and exposure of the glass fibre core and thus dramatically reduces fibre damage during grating fabrication. In addition, the automated trans-jacket inscription process introduces greater flexibility to control the writing parameters, facilitating a consistent process for producing robust, fatigue resistant distributed FBG sensing arrays with reliable and repeatable performance that could revolutionise their application in structural health monitoring (SHM). This paper reports on the durability and reliability of Bragg gratings with different fibre geometries, dopants, and photo-sensitising approaches to compare the overall fatigue performance of trans-jacket FBG sensors. Both type I gratings which are inscribed using a laser power intensity below the damage threshold of the glass core, and type II gratings which are inscribed exceeding this threshold, are considered. The fatigue performance of these FBG sensors was assessed using a custom designed electro-dynamically actuated loading assembly. It is concluded that type I trans-jacket gratings have a significantly higher fatigue life compared to type II gratings for the same fatigue loading regime. Despite the lower fatigue life, type II trans-jacket gratings are found to perform significantly better than conventional electrical foil gauges. Therefore, trans-jacket gratings have significant potential for application as dense sensing arrays in harsh operational environments in defence and aerospace industries.
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Theodosiou, Antreas, Jan Aubrecht, Pavel Peterka, Ivan Kašík, Filip Todorov, Ondřej Moravec, Pavel Honzátko, and Kyriacos Kalli. "Monolithic Er/Yb double-clad fibre laser with FBG inscribed using the direct-write plane-by-plane fs-laser inscription method." In Fiber Lasers and Glass Photonics: Materials through Applications, edited by Stefano Taccheo, Maurizio Ferrari, and Jacob I. Mackenzie. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2306522.

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Chah, Karima, Ying-Gang Nan, Ivan Chapalo, Patrice Mégret, and Christophe Caucheteur. "Comparison between different inscription methods of FBG in CYTOP polymer optical fiber." In Optical Sensing and Detection VII, edited by Francis Berghmans and Ioanna Zergioti. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2621468.

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Theodosiou, Antreas, Arnaldo Leal, Carlos Marques, Anselmo Frizera, Antonio Fernandes, Andrei Stancalie, Andreas Ioannou, Daniel Negut, and Kyriacos Kalli. "Radiation induced effects on FBGs using different femtosecond laser inscription methods." In Micro-structured and Specialty Optical Fibres VII, edited by Pavel Peterka, Kyriacos Kalli, and Alexis Mendez. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2592376.

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Theodosiou, Antreas, Kyriacos Kalli, Andy Gillooly, and Andreas Ioannou. "Carbon coated FBGs inscribed using the plane-by-plane femtosecond laser inscription method." In Seventh European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors (EWOFS 2019), edited by Kyriacos Kalli, Gilberto Brambilla, and Sinead O. O'Keeffe. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2540157.

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Markowski, Konrad, Arkadiusz Perka, Kazimierz Jędrzejewski, and Tomasz Osuch. "Custom FBGs inscription using modified phase mask method with precise micro- and nano-positioning." In Photonics Applications in Astronomy, Communications, Industry, and High-Energy Physics Experiments 2016, edited by Ryszard S. Romaniuk. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2249381.

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