Relevant bibliographies by topics / FBG

Academic literature on the topic 'FBG'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "FBG"

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Zhang, Shao Jun, and Yue Ming Liu. "Fabrication of FBG Strain Gauge Used for High Temperature Strain Monitoring." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 920–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.920.

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Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensing technology is widely used in detection of temperature, strain and etc. Now the application of FBG sensor is limited below 200°C. Application over 200°C is still an engineering challenge since no suitable FBG strain gauge. In this paper, FBG strain gauge structure which consists of three FBGs is designed and fabricated based on the theoretical strain and stress analysis. This strain gauge can be used for the real-time high temperature strain monitoring situation. The elastic high-temperature alloy (10MoWVNb) is chosen as the substrate. The three FBGs with a similar performance are fabricated on the substrate by high-temperature glue. Among the three FBGs, FBG1 is used for the horizontal strain monitoring, FBG2 is used for the longitudinal strain monitoring, and FGB3 is used for high temperature cross-sensitive compensation. The fabricated high temperature FBG gauge is demonstrated suitable for high temperature strain monitoring by experiment.
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Yu, Yang, Bo Liu, and Feng Xia. "Design Optimization of Sensitivity-Enhanced Structure for Fiber Bragg Grating Acoustic Emission Sensor Based on Additive Manufacturing." Sensors 22, no. 2 (January 6, 2022): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22020416.

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A four-loop shaped structure of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) acoustic emission (AE) sensor based on additive manufacturing (AM) technology is proposed in the letter. The finite element analysis (FEA) method was used to model and analyze the sensor structure. We aimed at improving the sensitivity, the static load analysis, and the dynamic response analysis of the normal FBG acoustic emission sensor and the FBG AE sensor with improved structure parameters. We constructed the FBG AE sensor experimental system based on a narrowband laser demodulation method and test on real acoustic emission signals. The results demonstrated that the response sensitivity of the FBG acoustic emission sensor was 1.47 times higher than the sensitivity of the normal FBG sensor. The sensitivity coefficient of PLA-AE-FBG2 sensor was 3.057, and that of PLA-AE-FBG1 was 2.0702. Through structural design and parameter optimization, the sensitivity and stability of the FBG AE sensor are improved. The four-loop shaped sensor is more suitable for the health monitoring in fields such as aero-engine blade, micro-crack of structure, and crack growth in bonded joints. While ensuring the sensing characteristics, sensitivity, and stability of the four-loop shaped sensor have been enhanced. It is possible to apply the FBG AE sensor in some complex engineering environments.
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Morais, Eliton, Maria José Pontes, Carlos Marques, and Arnaldo Leal-Junior. "Liquid Level Sensor with Two FBGs Embedded in a PDMS Diaphragm: Analysis of the Linearity and Sensitivity." Sensors 22, no. 3 (February 7, 2022): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22031268.

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This paper presents a fiber optic, liquid level sensor system based on a pair of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), embedded in a circular silicone (PDMS—polydimethylsiloxane) rubber diaphragm. The measurement principles of this sensor, whose diaphragm structure is about 2.2 mm thick with 45 mm in diameter, are introduced. To analyze the linearity and sensitivity of the sensor, the diaphragm was subjected to compression tests as well as to liquid level loading and unloading. The force and liquid level increase tests showed that inserting two FBGs (0.99453 for force and 0.99163 for liquid level) in the diaphragm resulted in a system with greater linearity than that with individual FBGs. This occurred where FBG1 showed 0.97684 for force and 0.98848 for liquid level and FBG2 presented 0.89461 for force and 0.93408 for liquid level. However, the compression and water level decrease tests showed that the system (R2 = 0.97142) had greater linearity with FBG2 (0.94123) and lower linearity with FBG1 (0.98271). Temperature characterization was also performed, and we found that sensitivity to FBG1 temperature variation was 11.73 pm/°C and for FGB2 it was 10.29 pm/°C. Temperature sensitivity was improved for both FBGs when compared with uncoated FBGs with typical values of 9.75 pm/°C. Therefore, the proposed FBG-based sensor system is capable of simultaneous measurement of force and temperature in a compact diaphragm-embedded system.
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Chen, Xi Yuan, and Lin Fang. "Performance Analysis and Experimental Verification for FBG Sensors Applied for Smart Structure." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 1357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.1357.

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Among a variety of fiber sensors, the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor has numerous advantages over other optical fiber sensors. One of the major advantages of this type of sensors is attributed to wavelength-encoded information given by the Bragg grating. Since the wavelength is an absolute parameter, signal from FBG may be processed such that its information remains immune to power fluctuations along the optical path. This inherent characteristic makes the FBG sensors very attractive for application in smart material structure, health monitoring field et al. But FBG sensors are sensitive to temperature and strain simultaneously; it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of temperature and strain of FBG applied for smart structure. Short overview of the FBG sensing principle as well as theoretical analyses is presented at first; then the paper proposes a simple, convenient, and low cost experimental method to verify the performance of FBGs. The improved high-accuracy experimental instrument of thermal deformation, which consists of an accurate temperature controlling and measuring subsystem, supporting and adjusting subsystem, collimating and positioning subsystem and fine motion and measuring sub-system, is simply introduced. The proposed experimental method involves bonding one uniform FBG to the center of the pole, which is about 89.5mm long; another FBG temperature sensor is free in the temperature-control box. The temperature in the box is -20°C-+50°C is adjusted according to experimental schedule. The characteristics of the FBG are analyzed by actual datum, which are simultaneously collected by a PC through a FBG interrogator. Comparing the data of FBG bonded to the pole with another FBG temperature sensor in the free state, the characteristics of the temperature and the thermal strain of the FBG can be obtained. The experimental result shows the FBGs used to the smart material have good agreement characteristics with theoretical calculation of the FBGs.
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Xiong, Pengwen, Xin Huang, Yulong Li, and Peter X. Liu. "A Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing Structure for the Design, Simulation and Stress Strain Monitoring of Human Puncture Surgery." Sensors 19, no. 14 (July 11, 2019): 3066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19143066.

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In order to improve the precision and stability of puncture surgical operations to assist doctors in completing fine manipulation, a new of type puncturing needle sensor is proposed based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG). Compared with the traditional puncture needle sensor, the new type of puncturing needle sensor is able to sense not only the axial force, but also the torque force during the puncture process. A spoke-type structure is designed near the needle tip. In order to eliminate the influence of temperature and realize temperature compensation, a reference fiber method using three FBGs is applied. FBG1 and the reference FBG2 are pasted on the upper and lower surfaces of the new-type elastic beam, and FBG3 is pasted into the groove on the surface of the new type of puncturing needle cylinder. The difference of Bragg wavelength between FBG1 and the reference FBG2 is calibrated with the torque force, while the difference between the Bragg wavelength of the FBG3 and the reference FBG2 is calibrated with the axial force. Through simulation and sensing tests, when the torque force calibration range is 10 mN·m, the torque average sensitivity is 22.8 pm/mN·m, and the determination coefficient R2 is 0.99992, with a hysteresis error YH and repetition error YR of 0.03%FS and 0.81%FS, respectively. When the axial force calibration rang is 5 N, the axial force average sensitivity is 0.089 nm/N, and the determination coefficient R2 is 0.9997, with hysteresis error YH and repetition error YR of 0.014%FS and 0.11%FS, respectively. The axial force resolution and torque resolution of the new type of puncturing needle sensor are 0.03 N and 0.8 mN·m, respectively. The experimental data and simulation analysis show that the proposed new type of puncturing needle sensor has good practicability and versatility.
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Fadzlina Naim, Nani, Nur Shahira Anuar, Suzi Seroja Sarnin, and Norsuzila Yaa’cob. "Design of metal plate temperature sensor based on fiber bragg grating (FBG)." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1282. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i3.pp1282-1289.

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<p>This paper presents the design and characterization for metal plate temperature sensor based on Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG). Five types of FBGs were used such as Acrylate FBG, Bare FBG, Bimetallic Acrylate FBG, Bimetallic Bare FBG and Ceramic FBG to determine the sensitivity on four different plates at 23℃ to 70℃, experimentally. The four different plates are Aluminium, Aluminium Coating, Zinc and Zinc Coating has been used because of their excellent thermal conductivity. Two metals which are Copper and Zinc have been chosen to design the Bimetallic Strips FBG due to the Coefficient Thermal Expansion (CTE) to improve their sensitivity. The results show that Ceramic FBG has been chosen as the best temperature sensor because it has the highest sensitivity compared to other FBGs with sensitivity value of 50.4 and 59.7 pm <!--?mso-application progid=&quot;Word.Document&quot;?--> 16(℃)-1"&gt; when in contact with Aluminium and Zinc plates, respectively. In addition, Aluminium and Zinc plates has been chosen as the most reliable metal plates where it can transfer heat efficiently due to high thermal conductive which is 237 W/mK and 116 W/mK thus it gives the highest sensitivity when measured using Bimetallic Acrylate, Bimetallic Bare and Ceramic FBG.</p>
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Her, Shiuh-Chuan, and Wei-Nan Lin. "Simultaneous Measurement of Temperature and Mechanical Strain Using a Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor." Sensors 20, no. 15 (July 29, 2020): 4223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154223.

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Based on the shift of the Bragg wavelength, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have been employed to measure a variety of physical parameters such as stress, strain, displacement, temperature, vibration and pressure. In this work, a simple and easy way to be implemented FBG sensing methodology was proposed to measure the temperature and strain simultaneously. Half of the FBG was bonded on the host structure, while the other half of the FBG was left free. The host structure was an aluminum test specimen with dimensions of 20 × 3.8 × 0.5 cm3. As the host structure subjected to mechanical and thermal loadings, the Bragg wavelengths reflected from the bonded and unbonded FBGs are different. Theoretical predictions of the Bragg wavelength shifts of the bonded and unbonded FBGs were presented. Utilizing the Bragg wavelength shift of unbonded FBG, the temperature can be determined and is independent of mechanical strain. The Bragg wavelength shift of the bonded FBG allows the determination of the mechanical strain. The temperature measured by FBG sensor was compared with the result from a thermocouple, while the mechanical strain was validated with the theoretical prediction. Good agreement between the experimental measurement and theoretical prediction demonstrates that temperature-strain discrimination can be realized using the proposed method with one single FBG sensor.
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Jin, Xiu Mei, Yu Mei Lv, and Li Feng Du. "Research on a New Detection Technique of FBG Using OTDR." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 2346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.2346.

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A new technique of using Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) to detect the reflected power of FBG sensing array was researched systematically. The theoretical model between the reflected power detected by OTDR and the reflected wavelength of FBG was established by analyzing, and consequently the selection rule of FBG wavelength in OTDR detection system was proposed. Moreover, experiments about multi-combination of FBGs with high reflectivity were carried out. The cause of dummy peak and resonance peak in OTDR test curves were analyzed, and meanwhile the selection basis of FBG reflectivity was also given. Based on time division multiplexing theory, detecting low-reflectivity FBG by OTDR can increase the FBG multiplexing number greatly, which has wide prospect to be applied in FBG array detection.
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Lawrence, SO, TW Wright, CW Francis, PJ Fay, and PJ Haidaris. "Purification and functional characterization of homodimeric gamma B- gamma B fibrinogen from rat plasma." Blood 82, no. 8 (October 15, 1993): 2406–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v82.8.2406.2406.

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Abstract Heterogeneity in the human and rat plasma fibrinogen (FBG) gamma chains is due to differential splicing of the primary gamma chain mRNA transcript. The subunit composition of FBG containing the predominant form of the gamma chain is homodimeric (human: A alpha 2, B beta 2, gamma 50-gamma 50; rat: A alpha 2, B beta 2, gamma A-gamma A). The subunit composition of FBG containing the longer, minor form of the gamma chain is heterodimeric (human: A alpha 2, B beta 2, gamma 50- gamma 57.5; rat: A alpha 2, B beta 2, gamma A-gamma B). The variant gamma chain-FBGs comprise about 10% of the total plasma FBG in the human and 30% in the rat. Although the presence of homodimeric gamma B- gamma B FBG has been speculated, proof of its existence has been difficult to obtain experimentally. We now show that 5% to 6% of rat plasma FBG is found as homodimeric FBG with a subunit composition of A alpha 2, B beta 2, gamma B-gamma B. Commercially purified rat FBG was further purified by diethylaminoethyl-Sephacel chromatography with a combined pH and ionic strength gradient. The enriched gamma B-gamma B FBG fraction eluted at the lowest pH (6.3) and highest ionic strength (4.5 mmho) due to its increased net negative charge. To further purify gamma B-gamma B FBG, a Mono Q column with an NaCl gradient was used. The subunit composition of the purified gamma B-gamma B FBG was confirmed by its electrophoretic mobility under reducing and denaturing conditions both as FBG, and clotted and cross-linked fibrin. Homodimeric gamma B-gamma B FBG was unable to support adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation, whereas heterodimeric gamma A-gamma B FBG was able to support ADP-induced platelet aggregation at 40% of that achieved with homodimeric gamma A-gamma A FBG, similar to previous observations with human FBGs. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that the A alpha-RGD sites alone are not sufficient for dimeric FBG support of platelet aggregation. Furthermore, the data suggest that at least one intact platelet recognition site at the carboxyterminus of the gamma A or gamma 50 chain is required.
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Lawrence, SO, TW Wright, CW Francis, PJ Fay, and PJ Haidaris. "Purification and functional characterization of homodimeric gamma B- gamma B fibrinogen from rat plasma." Blood 82, no. 8 (October 15, 1993): 2406–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v82.8.2406.bloodjournal8282406.

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Heterogeneity in the human and rat plasma fibrinogen (FBG) gamma chains is due to differential splicing of the primary gamma chain mRNA transcript. The subunit composition of FBG containing the predominant form of the gamma chain is homodimeric (human: A alpha 2, B beta 2, gamma 50-gamma 50; rat: A alpha 2, B beta 2, gamma A-gamma A). The subunit composition of FBG containing the longer, minor form of the gamma chain is heterodimeric (human: A alpha 2, B beta 2, gamma 50- gamma 57.5; rat: A alpha 2, B beta 2, gamma A-gamma B). The variant gamma chain-FBGs comprise about 10% of the total plasma FBG in the human and 30% in the rat. Although the presence of homodimeric gamma B- gamma B FBG has been speculated, proof of its existence has been difficult to obtain experimentally. We now show that 5% to 6% of rat plasma FBG is found as homodimeric FBG with a subunit composition of A alpha 2, B beta 2, gamma B-gamma B. Commercially purified rat FBG was further purified by diethylaminoethyl-Sephacel chromatography with a combined pH and ionic strength gradient. The enriched gamma B-gamma B FBG fraction eluted at the lowest pH (6.3) and highest ionic strength (4.5 mmho) due to its increased net negative charge. To further purify gamma B-gamma B FBG, a Mono Q column with an NaCl gradient was used. The subunit composition of the purified gamma B-gamma B FBG was confirmed by its electrophoretic mobility under reducing and denaturing conditions both as FBG, and clotted and cross-linked fibrin. Homodimeric gamma B-gamma B FBG was unable to support adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation, whereas heterodimeric gamma A-gamma B FBG was able to support ADP-induced platelet aggregation at 40% of that achieved with homodimeric gamma A-gamma A FBG, similar to previous observations with human FBGs. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that the A alpha-RGD sites alone are not sufficient for dimeric FBG support of platelet aggregation. Furthermore, the data suggest that at least one intact platelet recognition site at the carboxyterminus of the gamma A or gamma 50 chain is required.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "FBG"

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Li, Kuo. "A novel method of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) strain modulation and its application in FBG accelerometers." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/76108/4/Kuo_Li_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis has systemically investigated the possibility of improving one type of optical fiber sensors by using a novel mechanism. Many parameters of the sensor have been improved, and one outcome of this innovation is that civil structures, such as bridges and high-rise buildings, may be operated more safely and used longer.
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Xu, Xingyuan. "Improving the performance of FBG sensing system." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20070110.144936/index.html.

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Sethuraman, Gopakumar. "Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) Based Chemical Sensor." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1575.

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In this work, reagentless fiber optic-based chemical sensors for water quality testing were fabricated by coating fiber Bragg gratings with the glassy polymer cellulose acetate. With this polymeric matrix capable of localizing or concentrating chemical constituents within its structure, immersion of the coated grating in various chemical solutions causes the rigid polymer to expand and mechanically strain the glass fiber. The corresponding changes in the periodicity of the grating subsequently result in altered Bragg-reflected responses. A high-resolution tunable fiber ring laser interrogator is used to obtain room temperature reflectance spectrograms from two fiber gratings at 1550 nm and 1540 nm wavelengths. Rapidly swept measurements of the full spectral shapes yield real-time chemical detection and identification. With deionized water as a reference, wavelength shifts in the reflectivity transition edge from –82 pm to +43 pm and changes in response bandwidth from –27 pm to +42 pm are used to identify uniquely a diverse selection of chemical analytes.
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Abeywickrema, Haburugala Vithanage Ujitha A. "Behavior Of Linearly Polarized (LP) Modes in Fibers Containing Bragg Gratings in the Wide Temperature Range." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1313801169.

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Yeo, Jackson Teck Leong. "Application of FBG-based sensors in built environment." Thesis, City University London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440691.

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Lopes, Pedro José Ramos. "Aplicação de sensores FBG em modelos para injeção." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12548.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica
Com o interesse crescente em analisar detalhadamente o comportamento do material fundido no processo de moldação por injeção, procedeu-se à aplicação de sensores de Bragg em fibra ótica (FBG) para medir temperaturas no interior do molde. Ainda hoje é uma incógnita precisar o comportamento do material polimérico no momento da injeção, principalmente a distribuição de temperaturas no perfil da frente de enchimento. Para cumprir o objetivo da dissertação foram gravadas 12 redes de Bragg em 4 fibras óticas distintas com o objetivo de criar uma malha 2D no interior da placa fixa do molde, a 3 mm do plano de partição. As redes foram gravadas de forma estratégica a coincidir com a superfície moldante que está em contacto com as peças que são injetadas. Para que as redes de Bragg ficassem operacionais, foram necessárias algumas etapas. A rede de Bragg é inscrita no núcleo da fibra ótica através de um método de gravação por laser. Com o intuito de conhecer o comportamento térmico de cada sensor de Bragg às variações de temperatura, procedeu-se a um ensaio de caracterização térmica em ambiente controlado. De seguida, foram instaladas no molde de injeção plástica as fibras óticas com os sensores e sequentemente elaborados alguns ensaios de injeção, cada um com aproximadamente 40 ciclos de moldação. Os resultados das experiências foram muitos semelhantes, e indicam que os sensores detetaram valores máximos de temperatura próximos dos 57 °C. Em cada ciclo de moldação as variações registadas nos sensores eram praticamente constantes e aproximadamente 3 ou 2 °C, conforme o sensor em causa. Antes dos ensaios no molde de injeção, foi realizada uma simulação numérica no software Autodesk Moldflow Synergy 2012. Esta serviu para prever os comportamentos térmicos do ciclo de moldação e também para determinar os valores de alguns dos parâmetros de operação na máquina de injeção. Esta tecnologia baseada em redes de Bragg é única, pois permite a disposição de inúmeros sensores de temperatura ao longo de uma fibra ótica, ocupando assim um volume muito reduzido. Estas vantagens aliadas à excelente resolução na aquisição de dados e à rápida resposta a impulsos térmicos fazem dos sensores FBG uma alternativa a ser tida em conta para futuros trabalhos relacionados com aplicações térmicas.
With the growing interest in thoroughly analyzing the behavior of the melted material in the process of injection molding, Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG) were applied to measure temperatures in the mold interior. Still today it’s unknown to precise the polymeric material behavior in the fill time, especially the temperature distribution in the front flow profile. To fulfill the purpose of the dissertation12 Bragg gratings were recorded in 4 different optical fibers with the purpose of creating a two-dimensional mesh in the injection mold’s interior, 3 mm apart from the parting line. The gratings were inscribed in a strategic way to be placed over the molding surface which is in contact with the test specimens that are being injected. For the Bragg gratings become operational, several steps were required. The Bragg grating is written in the fiber’s core throughout a method using laser. An experience of thermal characterization in a controlled environment was mandatory to obtain the thermal behavior of each Bragg sensor. Then, the optical fibers with the gratings were inserted in the injection mold molding and sequent were made a few injection tests, each one with approximately 40 molding cycles. The results from the experiments were very similar and indicate that the sensors detect maximum values of temperature circa 57 °C. In each molding cycle the temperature variations were practically constant and were about 2 or 3 °C, depending on the sensor in use. Before the molding tests, a numeric simulation was made using software Autodesk Moldflow Synergy 2012. This was made to preview the thermal cycle behaviors and also to determinate the values of some particular input operational parameters for the injection molding machine. This technology based on Brag gratings is unique, because it allows the provision of numerous temperature sensors along a single optical fiber, thus occupying a very small volume. These advantages combined with the excellent resolution in the data acquisition and the quick response to thermal impulses make the FBG sensors an alternative to be taken in good advice for future investigations or tasks applied to the thermal field.
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Jacobsson, Fredrik. "DPSK modulation format for optical communication using FBG demodulator." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2307.

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The task of the project was to evaluate a differential phase shift keying demodulation technique by replacing a Mach-Zehnder interferometer receiver with an optical filter (Fiber Bragg Grating). Computer simulations were made with single optical transmission, multi channel systems and transmission with combined angle/intensity modulated optical signals. The simulations showed good results at both 10 and 40 Gbit/s. Laboratory experiments were made at 10 Gbit/s to verify the simulation results. It was found that the demodulation technique worked, but not with satisfactory experimental results. The work was performed at Eindhoven University of Technology, Holland, within the framework of the STOLAS project at the department of Electro-optical communication.

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Deng, Fodan. "Corrosion Risk Assessment System For Coated Pipeline System." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31713.

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Steel is widely used as building material for large-scale structures, such as oil and gas pipelines, due to its high strength-to-weight ratio. However, corrosion attack has been long recognized as one of the major reasons of steel pipeline degradation and brings great threat to safety in normal operation of structure. To mitigate the corrosion attacks, coatings are generally applied to protect steel pipelines against corrosion and improve durability of the associated structures for longer service life. Although have higher corrosion resistance, coated pipelines will still get corroded in a long run, as coatings may subject to damages such as cracks. Cracks on coatings could lower the effectiveness of protection for associated structures. Timely updates of up-to-date corrosion rate, corrosion location, and coating conditions to the pipeline risk management model and prompt repairs on these damaged coatings would significantly improve the reliability of protected structures against deterioration and failure. In this study, a corrosion risk analysis system is developed to detect and locate the corrosion induced coating cracks on coated steel using embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The coatings investigated include high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) thermal sprayed Al-Bronze coating, wire arc sprayed Al-Zn coating, and soft coating. Theoretical models of corrosion risk assessment system were carried out followed by systematic laboratory experiments, which shows that the developed system can quantitatively detect corrosion rate, corrosion propagations, and accurately locate the cracks initialized in the coating in real time. This real-time corrosion information can be integrated into pipeline risk management model to optimize the corrosion related risk analysis for resource allocation. To place the sensing units of the system in the most needed locations along the huge pipeline systems for an effective corrosion risk assessment, an example case study is conducted in this study to show how to locate the most critical sensor placement locations along the pipeline using worst case oil and gas discharge analysis. Further applications of the developed system can be integrated with pipeline management system for better maintenance resource allocations.
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Lindley, Emma. "Multicore fibre Bragg gratings for astronomy." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16682.

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Astrophotonics is the discipline of applying photonic technology in instrumentation to address problems in astronomy and astrophysics. Photonic devices known as fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) can be used as highly selective filters for removal of unwanted light prior to dispersion in a spectrograph. It has been shown that FBGs are well suited to the problem of removing atmospheric molecular emission lines from ground-based near- infrared observations. This thesis describes the development of a new generation of FBGs for this purpose, inscribed within multi-core fibres (MCFs) which contain multiple single- mode cores within one cladding. A new component, the polished capillary tube (PCT), was modelled, fabricated and tested; results showed that this was an effective device for improving the uniformity of gratings within MCFs. Following this a protocol for temperature tuning of gratings relative to one another was developed and tested. Finally, this thesis describes the development of a new instrument for inscribing gratings in fibres. When MCF technology reaches maturity, they will be used in astronomical instruments for atmospheric suppression, and will also have applications wherever photonics is used.
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Perazzini, Matteo. "Evaluation of FBG strain sensor reliability through analytical, numerical and experimental results." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22947/.

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The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor is one of the most suitable sensors for structural health monitoring (SHM) of aircraft structures. In principle, the FBG, with adequate sampling and signal processing techniques, is usually more accurate than classical electrical resistive strain gauge. However, since the most common installation method is surface bonding, some significative differences between the strain in the host structure and the one experienced by the fiber may be observed. The aim of this work is the evaluation of the fiber Bragg grating optical fiber sensor reliability for strain detection in non-uniform strain conditions. A FBG sensor is surface bonded on a rectangular specimen with a centered hole under tensile loading. A multi device method for the strain detection is created with the use of optical fiber, strain gauge and DIC technologies at the same time. In addition, based on microscopic observations, a 3D finite element model of the bonded optical fiber is created to simulate the behavior of the test specimen and to have an insight into the strain transfer between the host material and the optical fiber core. Lastly, being the test specimen a well-known case in literature, the strain is also computed with closed-form expressions. All the experimental, numerical, and analytical results are then compared. Taking into account the possible sources of error, the comparison shows coherence between the different results. The optical fiber strain sensor reliability is verified through the multiple device method which represents the starting point for future research activities.
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Books on the topic "FBG"

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Kodek, Georg E. Firmenbuchgesetz: FBG und firmenbuchrechtliche Bestimmungen des HGB : Kurzkommentar. Wien: Manz, 2005.

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Austria. Aktiengesetz: In der Fassung des EU-GesRÄG mit dem UmwandlungsG, dem SpaltungsG und Auszügen aus dem BörseG 1989, dem HGB und dem FBG sowie mit zahlreichen Anmerkungen und Verweisungen. Wien: Manz, 1996.

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Austria. Aktiengesetz: In der Fassung des 1. Euro-JuBeG mit dem UmwandlungsG, dem SpaltungsG und Auszügen aus dem 1. Euro-JuBeG, dem BörseG 1989, dem HGB und dem FBG sowie mit zahlreichen Ammerkungen und Verweisungen. 3rd ed. Wien: Manz, 1999.

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Fowler, Susi Gregg. Fog. New York: Greenwillow Books, 1992.

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Crichton, Anne, (19..- ...)., Trad, ed. Fog. Paris: Bragelonne-Milady, 2008.

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Cooney, Caroline B. Fog. New York: Scholastic, 1989.

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Eugene, O'Neill. Fog. Alexandria, VA: Alexander Street Press, 2004.

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Toby, Wharton, ed. Fog. London: Methuen Drama, 2012.

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H, Lawrence D. Fig. Octon, France: Verdigris, 2001.

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Fog. Place of publication not identified]: [Annelie Wendeberg], 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "FBG"

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Liu, Zhichao, Lijuan Li, Maosheng Hou, Xuezhu Lin, and Chunhui Liu. "Based on FBG Array Intelligent Sensor System." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 639–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53980-1_94.

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Xia, Dong, Peng Wei, and Chenggui Li. "Difference Between FBG and PZT Acoustic Emission Sensor." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 25–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12111-2_3.

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Fu, Shengnan, Yinguo Huang, and Xinghua Li. "Experimental Study of Torque Measurement Based On FBG." In The Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Communications, Signal Processing, and Systems, 255–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00536-2_30.

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Jiang, Qi, Yongxin Zhu, and Xiuyu Li. "Design and Simulation of a Novel FBG Accelerometer." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 947–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00214-5_117.

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Sun, Yong, Hyun-Seop Lee, and Bongtae Han. "Comprehensive Viscoelastic Properties Characterization of EMC Using FBG Sensor." In Challenges in Mechanics of Time Dependent Materials, Volume 2, 173–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41543-7_22.

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Sun, Yajie, Yanqing Yuan, and Lihua Wang. "Composite Structure Health Monitoring Review Based on FBG Sensor." In Cloud Computing and Security, 171–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00018-9_16.

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Wang, Yanlei, Qingduo Hao, and Jinping Ou. "A Smart FRP-Concrete Composite Beam Using FBG Sensors." In Advances in FRP Composites in Civil Engineering, 248–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17487-2_52.

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Kahandawa, Gayan, Jayantha Epaarachchi, John Canning, Gang-Ding Peng, and Alan Lau. "Development of Embedded FBG Sensor Networks for SHM Systems." In Structural Health Monitoring Technologies and Next-Generation Smart Composite Structures, 61–88. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315373492-4.

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Hou, Licheng, Sikyuen Tam, Xingwei Zhao, and Bo Tao. "Shape Reconstruction Method for Continuum Robot Using FBG Sensors." In Intelligent Robotics and Applications, 388–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13835-5_35.

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Ma, Zhen, Xiyuan Chen, and Junwei Wang. "Verification of Deformation Measurement Method Based on FBG Sensor." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 437–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82562-1_41.

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Conference papers on the topic "FBG"

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Razali, N. F., M. H. Abu Bakar, N. Tamchek, M. H. Yaacob, and M. A. Mahdi. "Temperature sensitivity comparison between bare FBG and buffered FBG." In 2014 IEEE 5th International Conference on Photonics (ICP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icp.2014.7002303.

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Pan, J. J., F. Q. Zhou, Y. Shi, and S. X. Li. "Effective Apodized Phase Mask For Optimum FBGs." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cfb3.

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FBGs are promising devices for DWDM networks [1]. Phase mask (PM) technique is one of the most versatile techniques for massive production of FBGs. However, ever increasing requirements of DWDM put stringent requirements on FBG sidelobe suppression and spectral skirt sharpness. In this paper, we report a detailed comparison of different apodization profiles with emphasis on narrow linewidth, sharp spectral skirt and a large figure of merit which is the ratio of bandwidth at -0.5 dB to that at -25 dB. Effective apodized PM was fabricated by using e-beam writing and reactive ion-milling (RIM) with stitching error-free. For a gaussian apodized FBG. it has a gaussian refractive index modulation, an inverse gaussian index background and a constant average index change along the FBG with no unwanted dispersion. FBG apodization using PM dithering technique suffers some drawbacks for pulsed UV excimer lasers and for very high UV photosensitive fibers. Scanning writing apodized FBG technique needs double UV exposures for FBG writing and background index change resulting in a lower control accuracy and a lower fabrication efficiency. Using apodization aperture and amplitude masks have the similar problems of double exposure and lower control accuracy resulting unwanted dispersion. Apodized PM technique is an efficient method for qualified DWDM FBGs production with a simple setup and an excellent fabrication repeatability.
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Pan, J. J., Y. Shi, P. Ma, and S. X. Li. "Temperature Stabilized Multi-FBG Package With Zero-Wavelength Shift." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cfb4.

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FBGs have been widely used in DWDM devices with a channel spacing of 0.4 nm [1,2]. This requires a high λ accuracy and stability. However, the low temperature coefficient (TC) of 0.011 nm/°C of FBG cannot meet the requirements of DWDMs and other applications. In this paper, a specially designed multi-FBG temperature stabilized package is developed with precise control of center λ and a low TC. Design structure, tuning mechanism, measurement technique, experimental results and reliability of the multi-FBG package are presented.
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Yoshida, N., S. Terukina, M. Matsuda, M. Moroi, M. Okuma, and N. Aoki. "FIBRINOGENS KYOTO AND TOCHIGI, EACH WITH AN APPARENT ABNORMAL MOL. WT. γ CHAIN, ARE CHARACTERIZED BY REPLACEMENT OF γ ASN-308 BY LYS AND γ ARG-275 BY CYS, RESPECTIVELY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644702.

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Congenital inherited abnormal fibrinogens (Fbgs) Kyoto and Tochigi showed prolonged thrombin- and reptilase-time, normal release of fibrinopeptides A and B, normal cross linking ability and impaired polymerization of the fibrin monomer.Purified Fbg analyzed on SDS-PAGE under the reduced condition in the system of Laemmli contained 50 % of an apparent lower mol. wt. γ chain (γ Kyoto)(mol. wt.= 48,000 compared with 50,000 for the normal) in Fbg Kyoto and an apparent higher mol. wt. γ chain (γ Tochigi)(mol. wt.= 50,500) in Fbg Tochigi. Apparent mol. wt. differences were also detected in reduced and carboxymethyl ated Fbg, Fbg fragment D1, and D2, but not in D3. This suggested that the abnormality of γ chains in both Fbgs is in γ 303-356.Amino acid sequence analysis was performed for CNBr- or lysylendopeptidase-digested peptides of the γ chain or D1 peptides after fractionation on HPLC. In Fbg Kyoto, γ Asn-308 was substituted by Lys, and a deletion of short peptides corresponding to the mol. wt. difference of 2,000 could not be detected. In Fbg Tochigi, γ Arg-275 was substituted by Cys, and no abnormality of amino acid sequence was found in γ 303-356.These results suggest that some lesions or conformations containing γ 275 and γ 308 will directly or indirectly affect polymerization of fibrin monomers. Although the reason for apparent mol. wt. differences is not known yet, SDS-PAGE in the system of Laemmli will be useful for the analysis of abnormal Fbgs.Fbg Kyoto could not be separated into two or three populations and may contain hetero-dimer molecules, but Fbg Tochigi had unclottable Fbg with predominant γ Tochigi and may contain abnormal homo-dimer molecules and normal molecules.
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El-Khamy, Said E., Mona Lotfy, and Adel Hamdi Ali. "The FBG Stream Cipher." In 2007 National Radio Science Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nrsc.2007.371365.

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"FBG-Based Multidimensional QKD." In 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icton.2018.8473590.

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Stepanov, Dmitrii Yu. "FBG-based Tunable Waveplate." In Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bgpp.2016.bt2b.1.

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Schomer, John J., and Marcelo J. Dapino. "High Temperature Characterization of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Embedded Into Metallic Structures Through Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3840.

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Embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are attractive for in-situ structural monitoring, especially in fiber reinforced composites. Their implementation in metallic structures is hindered by the thermal limit of the protective coating, typically a polymer material. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the embedding of FBG sensors into metals with the ultimate objective of using FBG sensors for structural health monitoring of metallic structures. To that end, ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) is utilized. UAM is a solid-state manufacturing process based on ultrasonic metal welding that allows for layered addition of metallic foils without melting. Embedding FBGs through UAM is shown to result in total cross-sectional encapsulation of the sensors within the metal matrix, which encourages uniform strain transfer. Since the UAM process takes place at essentially room temperature, the industry standard acrylate protective coating can be used rather than requiring a new coating applied to the FBGs prior to embedment. Measurements presented in this paper show that UAM-embedded FBG sensors accurately track strain at temperatures higher than 400 °C. The data reveals the conditions under which detrimental wavelength hopping takes place due to non-uniformity of the load transferred to the FBG. Further, optical cross-sectioning of the test specimens shows inhibition of the thermal degradation of the protective coating. It is hypothesized that the lack of an atmosphere around the fully-encapsulated FBGs makes it possible to operate the sensors at temperatures well above what has been possible until now. Embedded FBGs were shown to retain their coatings when subjected to a thermal loading that would result in over 50 percent degradation (by volume and mass) in atmospherically exposed fiber.
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Washak, James, Paul Dunning, Ling Wang, and Christopher Holmes. "Exploring Transmission System Vibration monitoring using an Optical Fiber Fabry–Perot Bragg Grating Cavity." In Vertical Flight Society 78th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0078-2022-17557.

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This paper presents a Fabry-Perot cavity Bragg grating (FP-FBG) technique for vibration monitoring. The FP-FBG is created by placing two identical and uniform Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) with the same Bragg wavelength to produce a Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity between them. This has the effect of enhancing the vibration monitoring through tailorable enhancement of the spectral response, which scales proportionately with relative grating spacing. In this work, a single fibre containing four FPFBG of varying cavity sizes (4mm-72mm) was fabricated and tested on both a square meatal plate mounted on a mechanical shaker and bearing test rig to test the overall sensitivity of FP-FBG. The cavity size of the FP-FBG and physical positioning was investigated. The findings so far indicate that overall, FP-FBGs are effective at vibration monitoring, and initial tests are shown to detect the shaft rotation speed from a ball bearing with no faults. Future work shall look at FP-FBG capability to detect faulty bearing conditions and design parameter further.
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Yazd, Nazila Safari, Karima Chah, and Patrice Mégret. "Monitoring the regeneration process of a UV-inscribed FBG using IR femtosecond FBG." In Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity and Poling in Glass Waveguides and Materials. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bgppm.2022.bm4a.3.

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Reports on the topic "FBG"

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Chen, Po-Wei, Hsiao-Yuan Su, Chih-Hsing Wu, Jih-I. Yeh, Ching-Hui Loh, Li-Yu Chen, Huei-Kai Huang, and Shu-Man Lin. Association of Bisphosphonates with Risk of Incident Diabetes and Glycemic Control: A Protocol of Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0125.

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Review question / Objective: To determine the association between bisphosphonate use and the risk of incident diabetes and glycemic control in adults with updated evidence from clinical trials and observational studies. Eligibility criteria: The inclusion criteria for studies assessing risk of incident diabetes are as follows: (1) availability of data on bisphosphonate use in individuals without diabetes; (2) evaluation of the risk of diabetes for bisphosphonate users compared with controls; and (3) either clinical trials or observational studies. To assess effects of bisphosphonates on glycemic control, we will include studies with: (1) availability of data on bisphosphonate use in individuals regardless of diabetes state; (2) evaluation of the glycemic parameters, including fasting blood glucose (FBG) or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), for bisphosphonate users compared with controls; (3) report sufficient data on the change in glycemic parameters (FBG and HbA1c) before and after bisphosphonate use or placebo/comparison use; (4) either clinical trials or observational studies. We will exclude studies with only a single arm without comparison.
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Chen, Jiankun, Yingming Gu, Lihong Yin, Minyi He, Na Liu, Yue Lu, Changcai Xie, Jiqiang Li, and Yu Chen. Network meta-analysis of curative efficacy of different acupuncture methods on obesity combined with insulin resistance. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0075.

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Review question / Objective: Population：Patients diagnosed as obesity with insulin resistance. Obesity reference: Consensus of experts on the Prevention and treatment of adult obesity in China in 2011 and Consensus of Chinese experts on medical nutrition therapy for overweight/obesity in 2016 were developed by the Obesity Group of Chinese Society of Endocrinology(CSE); BMI≥28. IR reference: According to the Expert opinions on insulin resistance evaluation published by Chinese Diabetes Society, HOMA-IR≥2.68 is regarded as the standard for the diagnosis of IR. Regardless of age, gender and course of disease. Patients diagnosed as obesity with insulin resistance. Intervention：Any kind of acupuncture, moxibustion, acupuncture+moxibustion, warm acupuncture, electropuncture, auricular point, acupoint application and acupoint catgut embedding. Comparison：Other acupuncture treatments, Drug therapy or blank control. Outcome：Primary outcomes: ①Fasting blood-glucose (FBG); ②Fasting serum insulin (FINS); ③Homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR); ④Body Mass Index (BMI). Secondary outcomes: ①Waistline; ②Waist-hip ratio;③Triglyceride (TG); ④Total cholesterol (TC); ⑤High-density lipoprotein (HDL); ⑥Low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Study: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of different acupuncture methods in the treatment on obesity with insulin resistance, blind method and language are not limited. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
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Martinez, Andrew B. FBm InterpoIator. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada288996.

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Kaufmann, Peter, and Laurenz Wolf. FFG Wirkungsmonitoring 2013. KMU Forschung Austria, February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2015.31.

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Kimpland, Robert Herbert, and Jeffrey D. Goettee. WSMR FBR Modeling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1346833.

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Chinn, Janice, Phyllis Bolds, David Banaszak, and Robert Merkle. FIBG Report Writing Guide. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada408352.

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Iorga, Michaela, Larry Feldman, Robert Barton, Michael J. Martin, Ned Goren, and Charif Mahmoudi. Fog computing conceptual model. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.500-325.

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Coffin, Charles R., and Anthony J. Warren. Zaragoza AB Fog Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada240459.

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Vas, Dragos, Steven Peckham, Carl Schmitt, Martin Stuefer, Ross Burgener, and Telayna Wong. Ice fog monitoring near Fairbanks, AK. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40019.

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Ice fog events, which occur during the Arctic winter, result in greatly decreased visibility and can lead to an increase of ice on roadways, aircraft, and airfields. The Fairbanks area is known for ice fog conditions, and previous studies have shown these events to be associated with moisture released from local power generation. Despite the identified originating mechanism of ice fog, there remains a need to quantify the environmental conditions controlling its origination, intensity, and spatial extent. This investigation focused on developing innovative methods of identifying and characterizing the environmental conditions that lead to ice fog formation near Fort Wainwright, Alaska. Preliminary data collected from December 2019 to March 2020 suggest that ice fog events occurred with temperatures below −34°C, up to 74% of the time ice fog emanated from the power generation facility, and at least 95% of ice particles during ice fog events were solid droxtals with diameters ranging from 7 to 50 μm. This report documents the need for frequent and detailed observations of the meteorological conditions in combination with photographic and ice particle observations. Datasets from these observations capture the environmental complexity and the impacts from energy generation in extremely cold weather conditions.
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Heckl, Eva, and Jakob Kofler. Welche Hebel hat die angewandte Forschungsförderung zur Unterstützung von Frauen in der Forschung? KMU Forschung Austria, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2022.581.

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Die FFG hat diese Kurzstudie beauftragt, um zum einen den Status quo in Hinblick auf die Repräsentanz von Frauen in den von ihr geförderten Projekten zu untersuchen, und zum anderen zu analysieren, welche Maßnahmen eine Agentur wie die FFG setzen kann bzw. welche bereits implementierten Maßnahmen am vielversprechendsten erscheinen. Methodisch stützt sich die Kurzstudie auf eine Sonderauswertung im Rahmen des Wirkungsmonitorings der von der FFG geförderten Projekte sowie einer Literaturanalyse, die insbesondere Metastudien und graue Literatur (insbesondere auf EU-Ebene) sowie Evaluierungen inkludiert. Die FFG setzt eine Reihe von Maßnahmen zur Förderung der Gleichstellung in F&E und verfolgt eine umfassende Strategie, indem sie alle drei Handlungsebenen adressiert (Individuen, Institutionen, Gender als Forschungsinhalt). Dennoch zeigt die Sonderauswertung der von der FFG-geförderten Projekte insofern eine ernüchternde Bilanz bei den involvierten Unternehmen, als sich die Teilnahme von Frauen an den FFG Projekten nicht von den aggregierten Zahlen der Statistik Austria für forschungsaktive Unternehmen unterscheiden – also kein Impuls zu einer Änderung wahrnehmbar ist.
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