Journal articles on the topic 'Fauna habitat'
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1
Lafontaine, J. D., and D. M. Wood. "A ZOOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE NOCTUIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) OF BERINGIA, AND SOME INFERENCES ABOUT PAST BERINGIAN HABITATS." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 120, S144 (1988): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm120144109-1.
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AbstractThe 245 species of Noctuidae known from Beringia, i.e. northwestern North America and northeastern Asia, are arranged in six groups based on their habitat preferences. These groups are analysed in terms of their distribution, endemism within Beringia, and zoogeographic affinities. The fauna associated with taiga, boreomontane forests and southern steppe (prairie) habitats shows only limited evidence of continuous occurrence in Beringia, and limited exchange during the Pleistocene between the Nearctic and Palaearctic. We have concluded therefore that this fauna has entered the Beringian area in Recent times following deglaciation of western and central Canada. In wet and dry tundra habitats, in contrast, there is abundant evidence of trans-Beringian faunal exchange. A high degree of endemism in dry tundra habitats within Beringia today is evidence of long-term stability of this habitat. These patterns, as well as evidence from a limited fossil sample of mid-Wisconsinan age, allow us to speculate on Beringian habitats during Wisconsinan times. We further conclude that the eastern Palaearctic and Beringia was the source area for the fauna that repopulated the Canadian Arctic after deglaciation. By contrast, non-Beringian refugia of the Nearctic have contributed little to the fauna of the Arctic.
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Lyman, R. Lee. "Taxonomic composition and body-mass distribution in the terminal Pleistocene mammalian fauna from the Marmes site, southeastern Washington State, U.S.A." Paleobiology 39, no. 3 (2013): 345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/12039.
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Mean adult body mass of mammal taxa is a fundamental ecological variable. Variability in the distributions of body masses of a mammal fauna suggest variability in habitat structure. Mammal remains from the Marmes archaeological site in southeastern Washington State date between 13,200 and 10,400 b.p., during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition (PHT). Known environmental history prompts the expectations that the Marmes PHT mammal remains should represent greater species richness and a larger array of body-mass sizes than modern faunas in the Marmes locale and in open shrub-steppe habitats, and lower species richness and a smaller array of body-mass sizes than modern faunas in closed forest habitats; species richness and the array of body-mass sizes should be similar to that for a mixed habitat of cool shrub-steppe with scattered conifers. The Marmes PHT cenogram meets these expectations. Body-mass clumps displayed by the Marmes PHT mammal fauna fall between those of closed forests and open shrub-steppe habitats in terms of clump richness and breadth, and in terms of gap width. Marmes PHT body-mass clumps are very similar to those for the mixed habitat. Cenograms and body-mass clumps confirm conclusions drawn 40 years ago that the Marmes PHT habitat was much like that of today but cooler and with more plant biomass and greater structural diversity than today.
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Pearce, J. L., L. A. Venier, J. McKee, J. Pedlar, and D. McKenney. "Influence of habitat and microhabitat on carabid (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages in four stand types." Canadian Entomologist 135, no. 3 (June 2003): 337–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n02-031.
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AbstractStudies based on presence/absence of a species may provide insight into habitat associations, allowing the distribution of species to be predicted across the landscape. Our objective was to characterize the carabid fauna in three mature boreal forest types (conifer, mixedwood, and deciduous) and a disturbed habitat (clearcut) to provide baseline data on the carabid species inhabiting the major forest types of boreal northwestern Ontario. Only spring-active carabids were considered for logistical reasons. We further identified the coarse woody debris structure and microhabitat characteristics within these stand types to try to refine our ability to predict the within-stand occurrence of carabids. We found the carabid composition of deciduous stands (mixedwood and aspen) similar and typical of the carabid fauna found in mixedwood forest in other nearby studies. The important feature of these forest types may be the presence of a deciduous leaf litter layer. In contrast, spruce stands contained fewer species and individuals and a distinct carabid fauna. As predicted, the clearcut habitats were dominated by open habitat species, although the fauna was dissimilar to what was recorded in clearcut habitats in other studies within northwestern Ontario. Coarse woody debris appeared to be an important habitat attribute for several carabid species in clearcut habitats.
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Wright, Jeffrey T., James E. Byers, Loni P. Koukoumaftsis, and Paul E. Gribben. "Differences in anti-predator traits of a native bivalve following invasion by a habitat-forming seaweed." Marine and Freshwater Research 63, no. 3 (2012): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11184.
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Invasive habitat-forming species cause large changes to the abiotic environment, which may lead to lethal and sublethal effects on native fauna. In this study, we tested whether morphological anti-predator traits of an infaunal bivalve, Anadara trapezia, differed between areas invaded by the habitat-forming seaweed Caulerpa taxifolia and uninvaded habitats in estuaries in New South Wales, Australia. Caulerpa changes the abiotic environment in ways that may affect traits of native species. In particular, there is lower water flow, lower dissolved oxygen in the water and sediments are more silty and anoxic than in unvegetated habitat. To test our hypotheses, we collected Anadara from Caulerpa and uninvaded habitats and measured shell thickness, shell strength and resistance to opening of valves. We found that all three traits were reduced in Anadara from Caulerpa habitat compared with Anadara from uninvaded habitats. These findings are consistent with the idea that trait modifications in native fauna in response to invasive habitat-forming species can potentially increase susceptibility to predation.
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Christie, H., KM Norderhaug, and S. Fredriksen. "Macrophytes as habitat for fauna." Marine Ecology Progress Series 396 (December 9, 2009): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08351.
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McElhinny, C., P. Gibbons, C. Brack, and J. Bauhus. "Fauna-habitat relationships: a basis for identifying key stand structural attributes in temperate Australian eucalypt forests and woodlands." Pacific Conservation Biology 12, no. 2 (2006): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc060089.
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We review a representative sample of the literature concerning fauna-habitat relationships in temperate Australian eucalypt forests and woodlands as a basis for identifying some key stand structural attributes in these ecosystems. Our review identifies 56 studies in south-east and south-west Australia in which the presence or abundance of different fauna were significantly associated with vegetation structural attributes at the scale of a stand. The majority of these studies concern bird, arboreal mammal, and ground mammal habitat requirements, with relatively few studies addressing the habitat requirements of reptiles, invertebrates, bats or amphibians. We identify 34 key structural attributes from these 56 studies, by grouping similar attributes, and then representing each group with a single generic attribute. Relatively few of these attributes are incorporated into indices used to quantify fauna habitat. We highlight the need for a quantitative method for selecting which key attributes should form the basis for an index of structural complexity or other surrogate measure of faunal diversity.
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Unsworth, Richard K. F., Sammy De Grave, Jamaluddin Jompa, David J. Smith, and James J. Bell. "Faunal relationships with seagrass habitat structure: a case study using shrimp from the Indo-Pacific." Marine and Freshwater Research 58, no. 11 (2007): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07058.
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Caridean shrimp were used as a model group to investigate the effects of seagrass floral habitat complexity on Indo-Pacific fauna. Relationships between shrimp and seagrass habitat characteristics were explored using both multivariate and multiple linear regression modelling approaches. Epifaunal shrimp assemblages were sampled in the Wakatobi Marine National Park, Indonesia. Seagrass habitat complexity had a significant positive impact on shrimp abundance (F3,59 = 17.51, P < 0.001) and species richness (F3,59 = 10.88, P < 0.001), while significantly altering shrimp assemblage structure (ANOSIM global R = 0.397, P < 0.001). In contrast to studies from other bioregions and faunal groups, species diversity and evenness were inversely related to habitat complexity. Changes in shrimp abundance, diversity and assemblage structure with habitat complexity are considered to reflect changes in individual species habitat specialisation. High complexity habitats were dominated by habitat specialists, whereas low complexity seagrass had higher numbers of habitat generalists. Generalist species may be more adapted to the reduced food availability and increased predatory pressures associated with reduced habitat complexity. Although similar patterns were observed at all sites, inter-site differences in shrimp abundance were observed. This indicates that although the present study demonstrates the importance of small-scale changes in seagrass habitat complexity to faunal assemblages, other factors related to larger spatial-scales are also important.
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Paltridge, Rachel, and Richard Southgate. "The effect of habitat type and seasonal conditions on fauna in two areas of the Tanami Desert." Wildlife Research 28, no. 3 (2001): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr00009.
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Australian deserts are characterised by highly patterned plant productivity and an extremely unpredictable climate. The Tanami Desert in central Australia is dominated by vast sandplains interspersed with more productive habitats such as palaeodrainage lines. During 1996 and 1997 fauna surveys were conducted in two areas of the Tanami Desert to investigate the relative importance of palaeodrainage habitat for fauna under different seasonal conditions. The two areas were at latitudes separated by approximately 400 km, and during the study period the northern study area (Tennant) received considerably more rainfall than the southern study area (Kintore). The species richness and abundance of a range of taxonomic groups were compared between the two study areas and between palaeodrainage habitat and adjacent sandplain habitat. The only significant difference between habitats was that small reptiles were more abundant in sandplain than palaeodrainage habitat. Overall, bilbies, bustards and macropods were significantly more abundant at Tennant than Kintore, but significantly more small mammals were captured at Kintore. In both habitats and areas, capture rates, track counts and species richness of reptiles varied significantly with season. The biomass of invertebrates captured also showed significant temporal fluctuations. Burrowing frogs were active only after rain, and birds showed significant fluctuations in abundance and species richness associated with rainfall. The abundance of small mammals did not vary significantly during this study. Overall, local seasonal conditions were generally more important determinants of the abundance of fauna in the spinifex grasslands of central Australia than was habitat type.
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Kiatoko, Nkoba, Suresh Kumar Raina, and Frank van Langevelde. "Impact of habitat degradation on species diversity and nest abundance of five African stingless bee species in a tropical rainforest of Kenya." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 37, no. 03 (August 17, 2017): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174275841700011x.
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AbstractNatural habitat degradation often involves the reduction or disappearance of bee species. In Africa, stingless bees are hunted for honey, which is used as food, for medicinal purposes, and for traditional rituals. Severe habitat degradation due to human settlement is hypothesized to have a negative impact on the species diversity of the African stingless bee species. In this paper, we assess the impact of habitat degradation on the diversity of five stingless bee species across different habitats in the tropical rainforest of Kenya (indigenous forest, mixed indigenous forest) and its neighbouring landscape (grassland, village) in western Kenya. The species fauna, nest occurrence, and species diversity of the stingless bee species varied across the different habitats. The number of nesting habitats of the meliponine species varied between habitats in the tropical rainforest.Meliponula ferruginea(reddish brown) nested in five habitats, whileMeliponula bocandeiandMeliponula ferruginea(black) nested only in two habitat types. The species richness decreased within the different types of habitats and the indigenous and mixed indigenous forest contained more species than other habitats. The fauna composition in both homesteads was exclusively similar, while the indigenous and mixed indigenous forests were mostly similar. Similarity in habitat preferences for nesting was revealed betweenM. bocandeivsPlebeina hildebrandtiandM. ferruginea(reddish brown) vsHypotrigona gribodoi. The natural native indigenous forest had the most diverse community compared to the degraded habitats. There are taxon-specific responses to habitat change; and in our study, there is clear value in conserving the native indigenous forest.
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Offerman, Holly L., Virginia H. Dale, Scott M. Pearson, Robert V. O'Neill, and Richard O. Bierregaard Jr. "Effects of forest fragmentation on neotropical fauna: current research and data availability." Environmental Reviews 3, no. 2 (April 1, 1995): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a95-009.
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Tropical deforestation often produces landscapes characterized by isolated patches of forest habitat surrounded by pasture, agriculture, or regrowth vegetation. Both the size and the distribution of these forest patches may influence the long-term persistence of faunal species. There is, therefore, a pressing need to understand faunal responses to patterns of forest fragmentation in tropical systems. The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP) provides a wealth of autecological information and spatially explicit data describing habitat use and movement of fauna between Amazonian forest fragments. Using data from the BDFFP and other studies in the Amazon Basin, this paper reviews the information available on tropical insects, frogs, birds, primates, and other mammals that can be used to identify and classify species most at risk for extirpation in fragmented forests.Key words: Amazonia, habitat fragmentation, rainforest, fauna, Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragmentation Project.
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Michael, Damian R., Ian D. Lunt, and Wayne A. Robinson. "Enhancing fauna habitat in grazed native grasslands and woodlands: use of artificially placed log refuges by fauna." Wildlife Research 31, no. 1 (2004): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr02106.
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To assess whether faunal habitat can be enhanced by using artificial refuges, and whether different species preferentially use refuges with differing structural characteristics, we monitored faunal usage of artificially placed log refuges in grazed semi-arid grasslands and woodlands in Terrick Terrick National Park in Victoria. In total, 1131 log refuges were placed at 91 sites across major vegetation types in the reserve. The effect of refuge age was assessed by comparing faunal usage between new refuges and 271 old refuges that had lain in situ for more than 15 years. Refuges were surveyed for fauna monthly between June 2000 and January 2001. Different species preferred refuges with different characteristics. Overall terrestrial fauna, and three native species (Diplodactylus tessellatus, Morethia boulengeri and Suta suta) in particular, were significantly more abundant beneath old refuges, whereas the introduced Mus musculus was significantly more abundant beneath new refuges. Five species (Crinia signifera, Morethia boulengeri, Menetia greyii, Sminthopsis crassicaudata and Suta suta) were significantly more abundant beneath Eucalyptus logs that were large, wide, partially decayed, contained many holes and/or covered many subterranean invertebrate holes. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of installing log refuges in grassy landscapes as a survey method for vertebrate fauna and as a potential habitat-restoration technique to help conserve grassland fauna.
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Mol, Jan H., Bernard de Mérona, Paul E. Ouboter, and Shamita Sahdew. "The fish fauna of Brokopondo Reservoir, Suriname, during 40 years of impoundment." Neotropical Ichthyology 5, no. 3 (September 2007): 351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252007000300015.
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We investigated long-term changes in the fish fauna of Brokopondo Reservoir, Suriname, the first large reservoir (1560 km²) that was created in tropical rainforest. Before closure of the dam in 1964, the fish fauna of Suriname River had 172 species, high diversity and high evenness. The riverine fauna was dominated by small-sized species, but no single species was dominant in numbers. Large catfishes were dominant in biomass. Species were evenly distributed over riverine habitats: rapids, tributaries and main channel. Four years after closure of the dam, only 62 fish species were collected from Brokopondo Reservoir, but the composition of the fish fauna was still changing. The reservoir fauna in 1978 was very similar to the reservoir fauna in 2005, indicating that a stable equilibrium had been reached 14 years after closure of the dam. The reservoir fauna had 41 species, low diversity and low evenness. Most species of Suriname River and its tributaries with strict habitat requirements did not survive in Brokopondo Reservoir. Fish community structure was different among four habitats of Brokopondo Reservoir. The open-water habitat (10 species) was dominated by the piscivores Serrasalmus rhombeus, Acestrorhynchus microlepis and Cichla ocellaris and their prey Bryconops melanurus and two Hemiodus species. B. melanurus fed on zooplankton, Culicinae pupae and terrestrial invertebrates. Hemiodus fed on fine flocculent detritus, demonstrating that the detritus-based food chain was still important in late stages of reservoir development. Serrasalmus rhombeus also fed on peccaries that drowned when swimming across the large reservoir in rough weather. The shore community (27 species) was dominated by seven cichlids, but early stages and juveniles of the open-water species S. rhombeus and B. melanurus also occurred in the shore habitat. Fish biomass in the shore habitat was 66.5±59.9 kg ha-1. The cichlid Geophagus surinamensis and the characid B. melanurus had a lower biomass in Brokopondo Reservoir than in Suriname River. Serrasalmus rhombeus showed reduced body length in Brokopondo Reservoir as compared to riverine populations.
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DIAS, EDUARDO J. R., and CARLOS F. D. ROCHA. "Habitat Structural Effect on Squamata Fauna of the Restinga Ecosystem in Northeastern Brazil." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 86, no. 1 (March 2014): 359–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201420130006.
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In this work, we surveyed data on richness and composition of squamatan reptiles and habitat structural effect in nine areas of restinga ecosystem in the State of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. The “restinga” ecosystems are coastal sand dune habitats on the coast of Brazil. Our main hypothesis is that the Squamata fauna composition along these restinga areas would be modulated by habitat structural. After 90 days of field sampling we recorded approximately 5% of reptile species known in Brazil. The composition of Squamata assemblages varied mainly based on the presence or absence of lizards of the genera Ameivula and Tropidurus. Our data showed that habitat structure consistently affected the composition of local Squamata fauna, especially lizards.
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Sepkoski, J. John. "A model of onshore-offshore change in faunal diversity." Paleobiology 17, no. 1 (1991): 58–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300010356.
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Onshore-offshore patterns of faunal change occurred at many taxonomic scales during the Paleozoic Era, ranging from replacement of the Cambrian evolutionary fauna by the Paleozoic fauna to the environmental expansion of many orders and classes. A simple mathematical model is constructed to investigate such change. The environmental gradient across the marine shelf-slope is treated as a linear array of discrete habitats, each of which holds a set number of species, as observed in the fossil record. During any interval of time, some portion of the species in each habitat becomes extinct by background processes, with rates of extinction varying among both clades and habitats, as also observed in the record. After extinction, species are replaced from within the habitat and from immediately adjacent habitats, with proportions dependent on surviving species. This model leads to the prediction that extinction-resistant clades will always diversify at the expense of extinction-prone clades. But if extinction intensity is highest in nearshore habitats, extinction-resistant clades will expand preferentially in the onshore direction, build up diversity there, and then diversify outward toward the offshore. Thus, onshore-offshore patterns of diversification may be the expectation for faunal change quite independently of whether or not clades originate onshore. When the model is parameterized for Paleozoic trilobites and brachiopods, numerical solutions exhibit both a pattern of faunal change and a time span for diversification similar to that seen in the fossil record. They also generate structure similar to that seen in global diversification, including logistic patterns of growth, declining origination but constant extinction within clades through time, and declining overall extinction across clades through time.
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Duel, H., B. P. M. Specken, W. D. Denneman, and C. Kwakernaak. "The habitat evaluation procedure as a tool for ecological rehabilitation of wetlands in the Netherlands." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 8 (April 1, 1995): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0336.
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In the USA, the Habitat Evaluation Procedure (HEP) has become a standard approach for impact assessment and evaluation of measures and management activities causing changes in the environmental conditions of the habitats for fauna species. Recently, the method was implemented in The Netherlands. HEP is used to predict the ecological impact of measures and management activities concerning the ecological rehabilitation of rivers, tidal wetlands, lakes and marshes. For more than 30 fauna species the habitat requirements and preferences have been modelled. Examples of species-habitat relationships are presented. First results of the application of the method in ecological rehabilitation projects of rivers, lakes and marshes are presented. The results show that the HEP approach is a useful tool in ecological water management.
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Roughley, R. E., and D. J. Larson. "AQUATIC COLEOPTERA OF SPRINGS IN CANADA." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 123, S155 (1991): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm123155125-1.
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AbstractThe habitat preferences of each of the 663 species of aquatic Coleoptera known from Canada and Alaska were categorized as lentic, lotic, spring-inhabiting, other, or unknown. Most species were assigned to a single habitat type although some occur in more than one habitat. The distribution of species among these habitat types is as follows: lentic, 61%; lotic, 23%; springs, 8%; other, <1%, unknown, 8%. The 63 spring-inhabiting species are distributed among the families Dytiscidae (38 species), Hydrophilidae (nine), Hydraenidae (eight), Chrysomelidae (subfamily Donaciinae) (six), Haliplidae (one), and Dryopidae (one). The diversity of these families in springs only approximately parallels their diversity in the total fauna. Several relatively diverse families (Gyrinidae, Scirtidae, and Curculionidae) are absent from springs as are some predominantly lotic families (Amphizoidae, Elmidae, and Psephenidae). About half the spring species are western (occurring in Manitoba and west), about a quarter are eastern, and a quarter are transcontinental. Most of these spring species are known from the conterminous United States and it is suggested that spring habitats within Canada are being colonized slowly from southern refugia.The habitat affinities of spring-inhabiting Dytiscidae are examined in detail. Of the 260 species occurring in Canada, 38 species occur in springs and represent about 60% of all beetle species in Canadian springs. The spring fauna of dytiscids comprises four elements: nine (24%) inhabit springs only, 11 (29%) are lotic species that also occur in springs, 12 (31%) are species that use a broad range of habitats, and six (16%) are species known otherwise only from lentic habitats. The dytiscid fauna of springs is a heterogeneous assemblage derived from many separate phylogenetic elements.
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Yeatman, Georgina J., Adrian F. Wayne, Harriet R. Mills, and Jane Prince. "It’s not all about the creeks: protection of multiple habitats will improve biodiversity conservation in a eucalypt forest." Australian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 4 (2016): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo16007.
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Understanding patterns in the distribution and abundance of wildlife across the landscape can aid in identifying the relative importance of habitats for biodiversity conservation. We aimed to identify whether riparian habitats were more important than other areas in the landscape to small terrestrial vertebrates. The study site was surveyed using 450 pit traps distributed across riparian, midslope and ridge top habitat. Riparian sites had the greatest abundance of small vertebrates of the three habitats. During some months of the year, there was a significant difference in the composition of the faunal assemblage between habitats. Unsurprisingly, riparian habitats were particularly important for frog species and it was these species that accounted for the greater abundance in this habitat. Riparian habitat was less important for other taxonomic groups and the more floristically rich midslope and ridge habitats, which had a greater abundance of leaf litter, fallen logs and rock cover, were favoured by mammal and reptile species. The conservation of riparian sites, without the protection of other habitats, overlooks a substantial proportion of the biodiversity in the landscape. This study may help inform management decisions in the Upper Warren region and other similar forested landscapes, regarding the location and timing of fauna monitoring and the frequency of fuel reduction burns.
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Hyman, A. Challen, Thomas K. Frazer, Charles A. Jacoby, Jessica R. Frost, and Michał Kowalewski. "Long-term persistence of structured habitats: seagrass meadows as enduring hotspots of biodiversity and faunal stability." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1912 (October 2, 2019): 20191861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1861.
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Ecological studies indicate that structurally complex habitats support elevated biodiversity, stability and resilience. The long-term persistence of structured habitats and their importance in maintaining biodiverse hotspots remain underexplored. We combined geohistorical data (dead mollusc assemblages, ‘DA’) and contemporary surveys (live mollusc assemblages, ‘LA’) to assess the persistence of local seagrass habitats over multi-centennial timescales and to evaluate whether they acted as long-term drivers of biodiversity, stability and resilience of associated fauna. We sampled structured seagrass meadows and open sandy bottoms along Florida's Gulf Coast. Results indicated that: (i) LA composition differed significantly between the two habitat types, (ii) LA from seagrass sites were characterized by significantly elevated local biodiversity and significantly higher spatial stability, (iii) DA composition differed significantly between the two habitat types, and (iv) fidelity between LA and DA was significantly greater for seagrass habitats. Contemporary results support the hypotheses that local biodiversity and spatial stability of marine benthos are both elevated in structured seagrass habitats. Geohistorical results suggest that structured habitats persist as local hotspots of elevated biodiversity and faunal stability over centennial-to-millennial timescales; indicating that habitat degradation and concomitant loss within structurally complex marine systems is a key driver of declining biodiversity and resilience.
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Ingle, Kapilkumar, Hardeep Kaur, Nikolett Gallé-Szpisjak, József Bürgés, Áron Szabó, and Róbert Gallé. "Winter-Active Spider Fauna is Affected by Plantation Forest Type." Environmental Entomology 49, no. 3 (March 11, 2020): 601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa025.
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Abstract Plantations of non-native trees for commercial use are common practice in Europe. They are known to have severe ecological impacts on arthropod fauna by altering microclimatic conditions and reducing microhabitat diversity. However, the effect of plantation tree species on winter-active fauna is relatively unknown. Spiders are a diverse predatory arthropod taxon with strong effect on their prey populations. The composition of spider communities sensitively indicates changes in habitat structure. We established 40 sampling sites in five non-native pine and five native poplar plantations and collected spiders with pitfall traps for two winters in the Southern part of Hungary. We assessed the average height of vegetation and percentage cover of leaf litter, mosses, herbaceous vegetation, and shrubs to characterize habitat structure. We found species richness and activity density of spiders in the non-native compared to the native plantations, presumably due to the more temperate microclimate in pine than in poplar plantations. However, there was no significant effect of habitat structure and its interaction with forest type on species richness and activity density of spiders. Species composition of non-native and native plantation forests differed significantly. Furthermore, we identified six characteristic spider species of non-native plantations with preference for relatively moist habitat conditions. The single characteristic species, (Agroeca cuprea Menge, 1873) for the native plantations preferred dry and partly shaded habitats. We conclude that the effect of microclimatic differences and prey availability presumably overrides the effect of habitat structure on winter-active spiders.
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Scotts, David, Graham R. Fulton, and Michael Drielsma. "Developing landscape frameworks for regional conservation planning; an approach integrating fauna spatial distributions and ecological principles." Pacific Conservation Biology 8, no. 4 (2002): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc030235.
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Habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation are heavily implicated in the decline of biodiversity throughout the world. Numerous conservation programmes have emerged in the attempt to deal with these primary threats but they are often isolated and disparate, foregoing opportunities for integrated, cumulative approaches and benefits. This paper describes an approach that, through the integration of species' modelled distributions, and the application of landscape ecology principles, systematically considers the spatial requirements of priority forest fauna as surrogates for biodiversity across the landscape. With the aid of innovative Geographic Information System analysis tools, key habitats and corridors for priority faunal assemblages are delineated across north-east New South Wales. The mapped outputs from this study provide spatially complete, data-driven, systematically derived conservation frameworks for the region. The frameworks provide an explicit basis for regional protected area networks and a landscape context for regional conservation planning. As predicted high conservation value habitats, the mapped key habitats and corridors are also focus areas for the protection, enhancement and restoration of native vegetation. The Geographic Information System-referenced key habitats and corridors conservation frameworks have been adopted for conservation planning in north-east New South Wales, including "off-reserve" planning (e.g., government and community-based programmes at regional, catchment and local levels), and "on-reserve" planning (e.g., national park and nature reserve management planning). The approach is applicable to other regions, wherever Geographic Information System-based spatial mapping, describing habitat quality for fauna species, can be collated.
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Christie, Hartvig, Nina Mari Jørgensen, Kjell Magnus Norderhaug, and Elisabeth Waage-Nielsen. "Species distribution and habitat exploitation of fauna associated with kelp (Laminaria Hyperborea) along the Norwegian Coast." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 83, no. 4 (August 2003): 687–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315403007653h.
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Fauna associated with the common kelp along the Norwegian coast, Laminaria hyperborea, was sampled at four sites covering 1000 km of coastline. Exploitation of the kelp habitat by the fauna, and the ways in which habitat size and seasonal variations affect the kelp fauna community were analysed. The study focused on mobile macrofauna, of which 238 species were found on 56 kelps sampled, with an average density of almost 8000 individuals per kelp. Amphipods and gastropods were the most diverse and abundant fauna groups. The species composition was different on the lamina, stipe (with epiphytic algae) and holdfast. A similar pattern of epiphyte- and holdfast-fauna composition was found for all regions. Lowest diversity and abundance were found on the lamina, and highest diversity in the holdfast. Highest abundance was found on the stipe in summer, but there were large variations between sites and seasons, from a few individuals to more than 80 000 animals per stipe. Neither seasonal changes nor variation in habitat volume affected the number of species significantly, but abundance was significantly related to season and habitat volume. These variations were most pronounced for stipe fauna. Laminaria hyperborea offers a heterogeneous habitat exploited by a diverse and abundant invertebrate community, its abundance depending on local and regional variations in kelp size.
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Mares, Michael A., Kristina A. Ernest, and Donald D. Gettinger. "Small mammal community structure and composition in the Cerrado Province of central Brazil." Journal of Tropical Ecology 2, no. 4 (November 1986): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400000948.
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ABSTRACTCommunity structure, macrohabitat selection, and patterns of species co-occurrence were examined during a 14-month study of small mammals in the Cerrado Province of central Brazil. Data were collected from mark-recapture grids in brejo and gallery forest, and from live-trapping and specimen collection in all habitat types within cerrado (campo limpo, campo sujo, cerrado [s.s.], cerradão, brejo, valley-side wet campo, and gallery forest). Gallery forest supported the highest species richness, most complex vertical distribution of species, highest level of trophic diversity, and highest macroniche diversity. Degree of habitat selection varied widely. All habitat types supported both rodents and marsupials, although marsupials tended to be much less common in the grasslands (campos) than in woodlands (cerrado) and forests (cerradão, gallery forest). Some species, such as Didelphis albiventris, occurred in all habitat types, while others were much more restricted. Oryzomys bicolor, for example, ocur-red only in gallery forest. No habitat type had a completely distinct fauna: overlap in species composition always occurred with at least one other habitat type. Because of the great variability of habitats, and the fact that subsets of the mammal fauna were frequently habitat specific, the overall species richness of any portion of mixed cerrado vegetation is remarkably high.
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Noerwidi, Sofwan. "EKSPLOITASI FAUNA DI SITUS LIANGAN, TEMANGGUNG: KAJIAN ARKEOZOOLOGI." Berkala Arkeologi 37, no. 1 (May 31, 2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/berkalaarkeologi.v37i1.116.
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Liangan is a settlement site of Old Mataram in periodic of VI-X AD. Various aspects of ancient Javanese culture has been recovered from Liangan site, but has never been examined the relationship between human and fauna in the past. The study aims to determine the pattern of faunal exploitation through archaeozoological approach, which use ecofact (faunal bones and teeth) that were found in the 2016 excavation campaign. This study conducts qualitative analysis of morphological character of the bones and teeth. Archaeozoological study is covering biological aspects of fauna, and cultural aspects related to human activity. These aspects are including anatomical preservation condition, taphonomy (deposition process), taxonomy (species), age estimation and faunal diet pattern. In the result, mainly bones and teeth are identified as buffalo (Bubalus sp). Taphonomical preservation condition of buffalo bone indicating faunal exploitation for human consumption. The climatic condition of Sindoro highland which is not buffalo’s natural habitat indicates an intensive human intervention as domestication. This study shows that buffalo on Liangan site eat more leaves as browser which probably supplied by human. Liangan adalah sebuah situs permukiman masa Mataram Kuna yang dihuni pada sekitar abad VI-X Masehi. Berbagai aspek budaya masyarakat Jawa Kuna telah berhasil diungkap dari situs Liangan, namun belum ada yang mengkaji relasi antara manusia dan fauna di situs ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola eksploitasi fauna pada masa lampau melalui pendekatan arkeozoologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan arkeozoologi, dengan data ekofak berupa tulang dan gigi fauna yang ditemukan pada penelitian 2016. Analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif terhadap karakter morfologi (aspek bentuk) yang masih terpreservasi pada tulang dan gigi fauna. Studi arkeozoologi dalam penelitian ini mencakup beberapa aspek biologis fauna, dan aspek kultural yang berhubungan dengan pola tingkah laku manusia. Aspek-aspek tersebut meliputi kondisi preservasi anatomi, tafonomi (proses deposisi), taksonomi (jenis fauna), estimasi usia dan pola diet fauna. Hasilnya, diketahui bahwa hampir keseluruhan tulang dan gigi fauna di situs Liangan berasal dari jenis Kerbau (Bubalus sp). Kondisi preservasi dan tafonomi tulang kerbau mengindikasikan adanya eksploitasi fauna untuk dikonsumsi. Kondisi lingkungan dataran tinggi Sindoro yang tidak banyak menyediakan padang rumput sebagai habitat alami Kerbau, mendorong campur tangan intensif manusia dalam bentuk domestikasi. Berdasarkan studi gigigeligi diketahui pula bahwa Kerbau di situs Liangan lebih banyak mengkonsumsi daun (browser) yang asalnya kemungkinan besar disediakan oleh manusia.
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Yadav, Ramesh Singh. "Preliminary checklist of springtails (Arthropoda: Collembola) of Uttar Pradesh, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 12 (December 26, 2017): 11054. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3260.9.12.11054-11059.
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Collembola, the fauna of a hidden habitat, are symbols of soil health. A survey of Collembolan fauna in different habitats in different regions of Uttar Pradesh was carried out from 2008 to 2010. Thirty-seven species were captured belonging to 27 genera from eight subfamilies of eight different families. Thirteen species are first reports from India and from Uttar Pradesh. The subfamily Entomobryinae (27.03%) was dominant whereas the subfamily Isotminae had maximum diversity.
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Briggs, SV, JA Seddon, and SA Thornton. "Wildlife in dry lake and associated habitats in western New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 22, no. 2 (2000): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj0000256.
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Intermittently and occasionally flooded lakes are common in arid and semi-arid Australia. The wetldry nature of these lakes means that they provide habitat for terrestrial fauna when dry and aquatic fauna when flooded. The fauna of dry lakes in western New South Wales is largely unknown. This study reports on species of small mammals and reptiles trapped in a dry lake in south-western New South Wales, and contrasts them with species trapped in surrounding woodland and shrubland habitats. Information on bird species in these habitats was also drawn on. Small mammals, reptiles and birds showed considerable partitioning between the habitats in the study area. The dry lake provided the main habitat for the two small mammals Smznthopsis crassicaudata and Planlgale gdesi. Reptiles were most speciose and most abundant in the blue bush (Maireana spp.) shrubland, but some reptile species were mainly or entirely confined to the dry lake habitats, or to black box (Eucalyptus largzjlorens) woodland. Birds in the study region were most abundant and most speciose in the black box woodland, with some species confined to blue bush shrubland. The study showed that conservation of all the habitats investigated is necessary to retain the suite of vertebrate species that occupy these landscapes. Key words: small mammals, reptiles, birds, arid zone, dry lake, shrubland, woodland, biodiversity: Australia
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McDonald, H. Gregory, Robert G. Dundas, and James C. Chatters. "Taxonomy, paleoecology and taphonomy of ground sloths (Xenarthra) from the Fairmead Landfill locality (Pleistocene: Irvingtonian) of Madera County, California." Quaternary Research 79, no. 2 (March 2013): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2012.10.007.
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AbstractThe Fairmead Landfill locality contains a diverse middle Irvingtonian, (0.78–0.55 Ma), vertebrate fauna that includes three sloths, Megalonyx wheatleyi, Nothrotheriops shastensis and Paramylodon harlani. The co-occurrence of these three genera in a single fauna is relatively rare in both the Irvingtonian and Rancholabrean and this is only the fourth documented Irvingtonian fauna to contain all three sloth genera. The presence of the three different sloths, each of which had different ecological requirements, indicates the presence of a variety of different habitats at this time and a heterogeneous landscape. Preliminary analysis of pollen from the site supports the interpretation of the existence of a mosaic of plant communities, but a landscape dominated by a mesic grassland. This interpretation is also supported by the total faunal diversity that includes taxa associated with woodlands as well as open habitat and taphonomic differences in the preservation and relative abundance of the different sloths. Evolutionarily the Fairmead Landfill sloths show a suite of morphological, size and proportional characters that indicate they represent transitional populations between older and younger members of their respective lineages.
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WONDERS, KAREN. "Exhibiting Fauna- From Spectacle to Habitat Group." Curator: The Museum Journal 32, no. 2 (June 1989): 131–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2151-6952.1989.tb00716.x.
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Jayawardana, J. M. C. K., Martin Westbrooke, Michael Wilson, and Cameron Hurst. "Macroinvertebrate communities in willow (Salix spp.) and reed beds (Phragmites australis) in central Victorian streams in Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 57, no. 4 (2006): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05139.
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Exotic willows (Salix spp.) are widespread riparian tree species of rivers in temperate Australia and New Zealand. Despite being considered as a weed of national significance, little is known about the habitat value of willows and the impact on aquatic biota of vegetation change following willow management programmes. Macroinvertebrate fauna in root habitats of willows and Phragmites australis habitats were examined in three central Victorian rivers to understand the effect of such littoral habitat changes on macroinvertebrates. Data were analysed using Partially Nested Factorial ANOVA with season, river and habitat as main effects. Habitat structure had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on macroinvertebrate community assemblage. However, effect of habitat was not consistent among seasons. The greatest community differences among habitats were observed during winter and least separation during autumn. Taxa responsible for community differences among habitats were also identified. Species richness and abundance did not show consistent variation among habitats over different rivers or seasons. This study provided some indication of the macroinvertebrate community changes that would take place in situations where riparian vegetation changes takes place from willows to P. australis.
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Zajdel, Barbara, Mikołaj Borański, Kornelia Kucharska, and Dariusz Teper. "Reproduction and Accompanying Fauna of Red Mason Bee Osmia rufa L. (syn. Osmia bicornis L.) in Areas with Different Levels of Urbanization." Journal of Apicultural Science 65, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jas-2021-0009.
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Abstract An increasing number of studies show that urbanized areas are habitats of high biological value and ecological significance. Most bee species live in areas altered by man, either in cities - fragmented urban habitats - or in large rural monocultures. Our research is based on three-year observations of population development of the solitary bee Osmia rufa L. in three habitat types: city, suburbs and villages. We compared reproductive parameters and diversity of accompanying nest fauna. Population growth rate was high in all habitats, exceeding five times the number of cocoons placed in the previous year. We found no significant differences in the number of cocoons and brood mortality between areas with different urbanization levels. In nests located in suburbs, parasites and cleptoparasites occupied almost three times more nest chambers than in other habitats. Changes in the habitat structure had a significant impact on the diversity and abundance of accompanying fauna. Our study shows that red mason bees are flexible and easily adapt to new conditions, despite changes caused by urbanization and agriculture.
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Reiss, Martin. "An integrative hierarchical spatial framework for spring habitats." Journal of Landscape Ecology 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10285-012-0068-2.
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ABSTRACT A theoretical approach of a hierarchical spatial framework concept for spring habitats is presented in this paper. The concept is based on existing classifications of running water and on empirical studies of spring ecosystems. Hierarchical spatial categorisation is applied to study spring areas of forest ecosystems in low mountain ranges of Germany. A spatial concept for springheads is designed to aid the illustration and understanding of functional, structural and process relationships on different scales. Here, multiple geographical dimensions and hydrological scales and their terms are compared in an integrated system. This integrated approach is needed if a water body is to be studied as an ecosystem rather than just a hydrological system. The goal of this hierarchical spatial framework is to establish a conceptual foundation for the study of fauna-microhabitat relationships and for the analysis of the substrate preference of the invertebrate fauna of spring ecotones. This paper presents a surface water typology for patchy forest springs with different habitat types. Most of these habitat types of the 152 investigated springs are dominated by organic substrate types as micro habitats (74.7 %) with subdominant mineral substrate types. Therefor the most dominant habitat type (HT) is “CPOM dominated, Psammopelal abounded” HT (19.7 %), followed by the HT “Macrophytes dominated, Psammopelal abounded” (13.2 %) and the HT “CPOM dominated, Microlithal abounded” (9.9 %). More underrepresented habitat types are pure mineral substrate types (10.5 %) like the HT “Psammopelal dominated” (5.9 %). There were also less artificial habitat types (7.2 %), because the study focused on undisturbed spring habitats inside the field survey.
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Pimiento, Catalina, Gerardo González-Barba, Dana J. Ehret, Austin J. W. Hendy, Bruce J. MacFadden, and Carlos Jaramillo. "Sharks and rays (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the late Miocene Gatun Formation of Panama." Journal of Paleontology 87, no. 5 (September 2013): 755–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/12-117.
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The late Miocene Gatun Formation of northern Panama contains a highly diverse and well sampled fossil marine assemblage that occupied a shallow-water embayment close to a purported connection between the Pacific and Atlantic (Caribbean) oceans. However, the diverse chondrichthyan fauna has been poorly documented. Based on recent field discoveries and further analysis of existing collections, the chondrichthyan fauna from this unit comprises at least 26 taxa, of which four species are extinct today. The remaining portion of the total chondrichthyan biodiversity has affinities with modern taxa and is therefore comprised of long-lived species. Based on known records of the modern geographic distribution range of the Gatun chondrichthyans, the fauna has mixed biogeographic affinities suggesting that around 10 million yr ago, a connection likely occurred between the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. Given the known habitat preferences for modern chondrichthyans, the Gatun fauna was primarily adapted to shallow waters within the neritic zone. Finally, comparisons of Gatun dental measurements with other faunas suggest that many of the taxa have an abundance of small individuals, in agreement with previous studies that proposed this area as a paleonursery habitat for the species Carcharocles megalodon.
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Zhang, Panpan, Chenchen Zhang, Shunping Ding, Ziqi Bian, Peikun Li, Jian Zhang, and Shengyan Ding. "Response of Soil Fauna Diversity to Agricultural Landscape Het-Erogeneity in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River—A Case Study in Gongyi City, China." Diversity 14, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14080602.
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Soil fauna contribute to important ecological functions such as improving soil structure and promoting nutrient circulation. They are the common environmental indicators in agricultural landscape. Therefore, this study took Gongyi City, Henan Province, China, located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, as the study area, to explore the impact of multi-scale landscape heterogeneity on soil fauna diversity and the response of soil fauna to it. Our results showed that patch types and degree of fragmentation in the study area increased significantly with the increase of spatial scale. The diversity indices of soil fauna in different habitats showed that the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson’s diversity index, Pielou’s evenness index, and Margalef richness index were the lowest in farmland habitat. Diversity indices of artificial forests were higher than those of natural forests. Diversity indices of soil fauna under different geomorphic conditions showed that Pielou’s evenness index and Margalef richness index had significant differences under different geomorphic conditions (p < 0.05). The effects of multi-scale landscape heterogeneity on soil fauna diversity were different. In the 150 m buffer zone, soil fauna community composition and diversity indices were strongly correlated with patch richness index, patch richness density, and other landscape indices (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the contribution rate of landscape index to soil fauna community composition were 45.05%, 32.5%, and 42% in farmland, plantation, and natural forest, respectively. Therefore, the 150 m buffer zone could be used as the characteristic response scale of soil fauna diversity. The multi-scale interaction of landform, habitat, and landscape also had a significant impact on soil fauna diversity.
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Gheoca, Voichiţa. "Land Snail Fauna of “Porţile de Fier” (“Iron Gates”) Nature Park (Banat, Romania)." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 16, no. 3 (December 1, 2014): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2015-0037.
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Abstract The paper presents an analysis of terrestrial mollusc fauna of the “Iron Gates” Nature Park. Various types of habitats (e.g. forests, rocks, riparian areas) and substrates (e.g. limestone, conglomerate, crystalline schist) were analyzed. A total of 45 species of terrestrial gastropods were identified in 17 sampling points, four of which are mentioned for the first time in the area. Six other species cited in the literature were not found. Limestone substrate allows the development of large populations of terrestrial gastropods, but the specific diversity is larger when it is associated with a forest habitat. The current legal and illegal exploitation of limestone threatens the mollusc communities associated with this type of habitat. The subsequent erosion process and the low mobility of these animals make their colonization of habitats difficult.
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Arnóczkyné Jakab, Dóra, and Antal Nagy. "Data on the Orthoptera fauna of characteristic agricultural landscape in the Carpathian Lowland." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/1/8495.
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Orthoptera fauna and assemblages of natural and semi-natural grasslands of the Hungarian Lowland are well-known, however, little is known about assemblages living in agricultural and anthropogenic habitats such as arable lands, roadsides, hedges, and riverbanks. Due to climate change, intensification of agriculture, and change of habitat use, these habitat types become increasingly important. To collect data on these mainly unknown habitat types, a three-year study was carried out on the Orthoptera fauna and assemblages of the firth region of the Tisza and Sajó rivers. This area was mainly unknown, and our research contributes to increasing knowledge and provides a base for further investigations. In the 40 sampling sites of the studied region, an occurrence of 30 Orthoptera species was recorded based on 2241 sampled individuals. In this study, we provide 540 new distribution data records of orthopterans that means an almost eightfold increase of the known data. Orthoptera assemblages of different agricultural habitat types showed significant differences considering both species richness and composition. Data suggested that non-cultivated habitat patches of dirt-roads, roadsides and stubble fields and even extensively used pastures, hayfields and alfalfa, red clover, and even wheat fields can preserve relatively species-rich Orthoptera assemblages. Contrary weedy sites of these cultivars and intensively used arable lands (maize, sunflower and rape fields) showed extremely low species diversity.
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Gallé, Róbert, Nikolett Gallé-Szpisjak, Andreea-Rebeka Zsigmond, Boróka Könczey, and István Urák. "Tree species and microhabitat affect forest bog spider fauna." European Journal of Forest Research 140, no. 3 (February 10, 2021): 691–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10342-021-01359-y.
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AbstractPeat bogs are among the most threatened habitats in Central Europe. They are characterized by stagnant water with low pH and lower nutrient content compared to the surrounding habitats. The flora and fauna of peat bogs comprised of many habitat specialist and rare species. We explored the differences in spider fauna of European spruce and Scots pine forests. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of microhabitat diversity in the bog forests of the Poiana Stampei peat bog complex, Bucovina, Romania. We collected numerous rare and cold-adapted species. .We found a strong effect of forest type, presumably due to the different microclimatic conditions of the forests. European spruce forests had lower species richness of ground-dwelling fauna than Scots pine forests; however, we found contradictory results for vegetation-dwelling species richness. Hummocks had a more positive effect on the ground-dwelling spiders of Scots pine than in European spruce forests, presumably due to the more open structure of sphagnum hummocks than ground level. However, this effect was negative for vegetation dwellers. The cold-adapted species with restricted ranges are vulnerable to climate change, and bogs may serve as important micro-refugia for them. Central European bogs are isolated and highly threatened by anthropogenic activities, such as drainage, peat extraction, and eutrophication. The deterioration habitat quality of peat bogs will result in a significant loss in the regional species pool of the Carpathians.
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Elias, Robert J., and Graham A. Young. "Ordovician-Silurian mass extinction and recovery: coral faunas in the east-central United States." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200006523.
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Three successive coral faunas that are involved in the Ordovician-Silurian mass extinction and recovery occur in latest Ordovician (Richmondian-Gamachian) to earliest Silurian (early Llandovery; Rhuddanian) strata of the east-central United States. The Richmondian fauna comprises typical cratonic North American Late Ordovician corals. In the Cincinnati Arch region, these belong to the Richmond Province and include massive stauriids (e.g., Favistina), sarcinulids (e.g., Foerstephyllum, Calapoecia), and common tetradiids. In the upper Mississippi Valley region, corals belong to the Red River-Stony Mountain Province and include the streptelasmatid Salvadorea. The disappearance of typical Ordovician-type coral faunas from the interior of eastern North America was related to habitat loss resulting from progradation of the Queenston delta and regression of the epeiric sea during a major glacio-eustatic drop in the late Richmondian.The succeeding fauna of Gamachian to early Rhuddanian age represents the Edgewood Province. The solitary rugosan Streptelasma is dominant; colonial rugosans are rare and are all fasciculate. The principal tabulates are Paleofavosites, Propora, and Halysites; sarcinulids are absent. Rare tetradiids (Rhabdotetradium) are among the youngest representatives worldwide of an important Ordovician order. The Edgewood fauna includes first occurrences of typical Silurian taxa: the earliest North American halysitine (Halysites), the oldest definite plasmoporid (Plasmopora), and the earliest known pycnostylid (Pycnostylus). The striking difference between Richmondian and Edgewood faunas in the east-central United States reflects, at least in part, a hiatus between Richmondian and Gamachian deposition. Corals were introduced to the Edgewood Province from the continental margin, or were derived from forms previously restricted to the continental margin. This occurred during minor transgressions from the south, as sea level fluctuated during a regressive phase corresponding to the Gamachian glacial maximum. Immigration was evidently related to shifts of suitable habitat areas during a time of depressed temperatures. Edgewood corals dispersed farther northward during the early phase of the major latest Gamachian to Early Llandovery transgression associated with deglaciation.Corals are uncommon in late Rhuddanian strata immediately above those containing the Edgewood fauna. This Silurian fauna includes the solitary rugosans Rhegmaphyllum, Dinophyllum, Dalmanophyllum, and Cyathactis?, which were not derived from Edgewood taxa. Colonial rugosans are absent. The tabulates belong to Paleofavosites, Propora, and Halysites, the dominant colonial genera in the Edgewood fauna. At least some of the species were likely derived from Edgewood forms; others may have been introduced from elsewhere, or perhaps were derived from species in other areas. A slight stratigraphic overlap of several Edgewood and Silurian species is known at one locality, but the faunal change is otherwise abrupt. The changeover from Edgewood to Silurian faunas took place as water depth and temperature were generally increasing during the Rhuddanian. However, corals of the Silurian fauna appear above intraformational channels in one area and above unconformities or formational boundaries elsewhere, suggesting that the change occurred during an intervening regressive event. It is inferred that as areas in the east-central United States became inhospitable, geographic ranges of Edgewood corals were reduced. Most species became extinct; some colonial corals apparently underwent rapid evolution, probably in small populations. The descendants dispersed and new immigrants arrived as suitable habitat areas expanded when the Early Llandovery transgression resumed. A few Edgewood colonial species survived for a short time, evidently in local refugia. Unlike the colonial corals, all solitary forms known from the Silurian assemblage were immigrants. Corals of the Silurian assemblage probably favored somewhat deeper water than those of the Edgewood Assemblage.
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Croft, Peter, Nick Reid, and John T. Hunter. "Experimental burning changes the quality of fallen timber as habitat for vertebrate and invertebrate fauna: implications for fire management." Wildlife Research 37, no. 7 (2010): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr10053.
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Context Fallen timber is a key habitat feature in forests and woodlands for vertebrate and invertebrate fauna, and is either consumed or left partially burnt after the passage of fire. This impact on habitat quality assumes significance because increasing areas of land are subject to frequent hazard-reduction burning and wildfire in eastern Australia. Aims We test here whether partially burnt or charred fallen timber is employed as habitat to the same extent as unburnt fallen timber. Methods Vertebrate and invertebrate abundance beneath burnt and unburnt fence posts was monitored for 13 months in unburnt forest and forest burnt by a wildfire. Key results Both vertebrate and invertebrate fauna made significantly less use of charred refuges. In most taxa, twice as many animals occurred under unburnt as under burnt artificial timber refuges, ant nests being the exception. Fauna made greater use of experimental refuges in burnt forest. Key conclusions Partially burnt fallen-timber refuges, where the log surface is left charred, are inferior habitat for fauna. Habitat quality in burnt forest may be enhanced by introducing fallen timber. Implications The study highlights an ecological consequence of fire for habitat quality, whether through wildfire or hazard-reduction burning, which should be considered in fire management.
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Loyn, Richard H. "Vertebrate fauna and fire regimes: a conceptual model to aid fire research and management." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 124, no. 1 (2012): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs12020.
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Vertebrate fauna respond actively to individual fires by movement before and after the event, as well as by mortality and reproduction at the population level. They rely very much on mechanisms for avoiding fire fronts and ex situ recolonisation of burnt and regenerating habitat, as well as in situ survival. This sets them apart from most plant species and the more sedentary examples of invertebrate fauna. Rates of recolonisation after fire events depend on habitat development, and this includes both structure and floristic aspects of the vegetation, and also on accessibility of refuge habitat. Strategies for conserving vertebrate fauna need to take a broad landscape perspective to ensure that fire regimes are designed so that species can survive particular fire events in the broad landscape, and have potential to recolonise habitat as it becomes suitable over time. Long-unburnt vegetation provides important habitat for some species and should be valued accordingly. Long time-frames may be needed for some structural elements to develop after severe fires. Hence it is necessary to think big in managing habitat for vertebrate fauna, at both spatial and temporal scales. A conceptual model is offered for doing this, and a research program is described which aims to provide the detail necessary to make appropriate settings in policy and management frameworks.
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Peck, Stewart B. "Historical biogeography of Jamaica: evidence from cave invertebrates." Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 368–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z98-220.
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The Jamaican fauna of obligately subterranean invertebrates contains 25 species of terrestrial troglobitic onychophorans, arachnids, isopods, and hexapods and 16 species of freshwater - brackish water stygobites, mostly crustaceans. Cladistic analyses of the faunas are not available. In place of this, general track analysis of the cave-restricted terrestrial faunas suggests closest relationships with Jamaican forest faunas, followed by other West Indian forest or cave faunas, and lastly Central American forest faunas. Over-water dispersal best accounts for the presence of the terrestrial epigean ancestors of the fauna in Jamaica, and they must have arrived after Jamaica became emergent in the early Miocene (about 20 Ma). The terrestrial cave fauna then descended from the epigean ancestors. In contrast, the aquatic fauna invaded from the sea, but also after the Miocene emergence. There is no evidence for a macro-vicariance origin of the cave-evolved fauna from one existing in cave environments at the time when Jamaica separated from proto-Middle America. The troglobites probably arose on Jamaica through habitat shift or Pleistocene climatic change (both micro-vicariance mechanisms). Seven terrestrial and three aquatic species seem to be phylogenetic relicts. These relicts also have a stronger relationship to other Antillean islands than to Central America. This fauna shows no evidence of a South American origin. There is a very significant species-area linear regression for Greater Antillean stygobites but not for troglobites (probably because Hispaniola is not sufficiently studied).
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Nurfadilah, Nurfadilah, Abdul L. Mawardi, and Elfrida Elfrida. "MOLLUSCA DIVERSITY BASED ON HABITATE CHARACTERISTICS ON SUJONO BEACH, BATU BARA DISTRICT, NORTH SUMATERA." BIOEDUKASI 19, no. 2 (October 30, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/bioedu.v19i2.24449.
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Mollusca is a soft-bodied fauna that is widespread in various habitats including sand, mud and coral substrates. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of Mollusca based on habitat characteristics at Sujono Beach, Batu Bara Regency, North Sumatra. This research was conducted at Sujono Beach, Batu Bara Regency, North Sumatra. Sampling was conducted in February 2021. Sampling was carried out by purposive sampling method based on Mollusca habitat. The results showed that the diversity of Mollusca was in the medium category with a value of H '= 1.0048. The most preferred habitat for Mollusca is on sandy substrates, while the habitat that Mollusca does not like is coral substrate.
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Ni, Zhen, Xiumin Yan, Liang Chang, Xin Sun, Donghui Wu, and Bing Zhang. "Habitat preferences rather than morphological traits affect the recovery process of Collembola (Arthropoda, Hexapoda) on a bare saline–alkaline land." PeerJ 8 (July 21, 2020): e9519. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9519.
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The Songnen Plain of China was once an important grassland used for sheep grazing, but it has largely been degraded to bare saline-alkaline land (BSAL). BSAL consists of plant-free areas characterized by high soil pH values (up to 10) and salt and alkali (e.g., Na+ and Ca2+) contents, as well as low soil organic matter and water contents; thus, very few soil faunal species can survive on BSAL. The recovery of degraded ecosystems provides a great opportunity to investigate the reconstruction of belowground soil faunal communities. Collembola are a class of widespread and abundant soil fauna that can colonize this harsh environment. Habitat changes on BSAL promote aboveground revegetation, which greatly facilitates the recovery of Collembola. A soil transfer experiment on the BSAL of the Songnen Plain was conducted to study the effects of habitat and Collembola morphological traits on the recovery process of Collembola. Defaunated and with-fauna soil blocks were transferred among three habitats: BSAL, reclaimed arable land, and naturally revegetated grassland. The recovered Collembola in the transferred soil blocks were compared two, seven, and 12 weeks after the start of the experiment. The results showed that (1) the majority of the Collembola, regardless of their morphological traits, recovered in the defaunated soil blocks within 2 weeks; (2) generalists and habitat-preferring species recovered faster than specialists; (3) the average total abundance, species richness, and community composition of Collembola recovered to the natural levels in 2 weeks; and (4) 12 weeks after replacement, the highest average total abundance and species richness of Collembola were found in the arable land. Our results indicate that the majority of Collembola in this study, regardless of their dispersal type, which is related to their morphological traits, are fast dispersers, and their recovery speeds are mainly affected by habitat preferences. We suggest that the reclamation of BSAL to arable land rather than its natural recovery to grassland aids in the recovery of Collembola in degraded grassland systems.
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Brockhaus, Thomas. "Verbreitung und Bestandsentwicklung der nach der EU-FFH-Richtlinie besonders geschützten Libellenarten in Sachsen (Insecta: Odonata)." Beiträge zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 56, no. 2 (December 15, 2006): 433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/contrib.entomol.56.2.433-441.
Full textAbstract:
Von den 16 Libellenarten, die nach der EU-Richtlinie „Fauna Flora Habitat“ besonders zu schützen sind, kommen acht Arten auch in Sachsen vor. Für diese Arten wird ein Überblick über die Verbreitung in den EU-Staaten, in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland sowie im Bundesland Sachsen gegeben.StichwörterOdonata, Habitats Directive, Saxony.
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Mrkvicka, Alexander C. "POPULATIONS OF MICROCONDYLAEA BONELLII (FÉRUSSAC 1827), UNIONIDAE – AN EUROPEAN FRESHWATER MUSSEL AT RAPID DECLINE - AND UNIO MANCUS IN ISTRIA, CROATIA." Ecologica Montenegrina 17 (April 13, 2018): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2018.17.7.
Full textAbstract:
Microcondylaea bonelli (Férussac 1827) inhabits rivers in the northern and eastern region of the adriatic sea. Actual IUCN conservation status is VU (vulnerable), it is listed in Annex V of the Flora-Fauna-Habitat directive of the EU. Due to construction works, frequent severe flooding and habitat changes the species is in rapid decline in its whole area. Conservation status should therefore be altered to CR (Critically Endangered) and the habitats of the remaining populations especially in Croatia managed to stop the decline.
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Kammer, Thomas W., and William I. Ausich. "Demise of the middle Paleozoic crinoid fauna: gradual or mass extinction?" Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200007164.
Full textAbstract:
There are essentially three major crinoid faunas of the Paleozoic: 1) the lower Paleozoic (Ordovician) fauna dominated by disparids and diplobathrid camerates; 2) the middle Paleozoic (Silurian-middle Mississippian) fauna dominated by monobathrid camerates, cladids, and flexibles; and 3) the upper Paleozoic (middle Mississippian-Permian) fauna dominated by cladids. Change from the middle Paleozoic fauna to the late Paleozoic fauna, at or near the Osagean-Meramecian boundary, was characterized by Laudon (1948) as “one of the most remarkable faunal breaks in the entire Paleozoic era”. The monobathrids that had reached their zenith in the Osagean (Tournaisian-Visean) became a very minor component of late Paleozoic faunas. Conventional thinking has implied that a mass extinction of crinoids occurred at the Osagean-Meramecian boundary.We have biostratigraphically subdivided the late Osagean and early Meramecian into four zones (times A-D, oldest to youngest, all within the Gnathodustexanus zone) in order to study the origination and extinction of all crinoid species during the changeover from the middle to upper Paleozoic faunas. Rather than a mass extinction, a monotonic turnover of species fits a pattern of gradual extinction as extinctions outpaced originations. Data are based on 216 species (taxonomically updated) from 69 localities and are as follows:The pattern of originations and extinctions for monobathrids is very similar to the pattern for all crinoid species.The above data have maximum diversity during Time B of the late Osagean followed by declining diversity in times C and D into the early Meramecian. Late Meramecian crinoid faunas (after time D) were less diverse with a maximum of about 45 species. The gradual decline of crinoids across the Osagean-Meramecian boundary cannot be explained as sampling bias (Signor-Lipps effect), because ranges of crinoids thought to be extinct at the boundary are extended into the early Meramecian as well as disappearing at various tinles prior to the boundary.The decline in diversity and the monotonic turnover of species are hypothesized to be the result of habitat reduction as the Eastern Interior Basin of North America was gradually infilled with clastic sediments at the end of the Acadian Orogeny. Most notable in this regard was the smothering of the Keokuk Limestone carbonate bank. Changes in sea level also contributed to habitat reduction. Lowering of sea level at the end of the Osagean caused restriction of open marine environments. A transgression in the early Meramecian was followed by shoaling and restriction during deposition of the late Meramecian Salem and St. Louis limestones.
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Radomska, М. М., and K. V. Zhurbas. "The applied issues of habitats fragmentation mitigation for the projects of infrastructure development." Scientific Bulletin of UNFU 28, no. 6 (June 27, 2018): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/40280605.
Full textAbstract:
A transport network is an artificial component of the human environment, which causes a range of negative impacts on other living organisms, including violation of animal habitats integrity. Ability to move in search of food, shelter or mating, is negatively limited by obstacles that isolate the habitat. The term "habitat fragmentation" includes breaking habitat into several smaller patches, reduction in the total area of the habitat, decrease of the interior/edge ratio, and isolation of one habitat fragment from others. Consequently, roads divide habitats and create barriers that impede wildlife mobility, increasing instances of wildlife-vehicle collisions, which put both people and non-human animals at risk; landscape fragmentation can also result in genetic isolation, putting some species of wildlife at long term risk of extinction. Secondary effects from infrastructure development are further emergence of human settlements or industrial development, which put people and their activity closer to wildlife. In order to reduce the negative impacts of roads, the measures that directly reduce fragmentation by providing links between habitats, namely wildlife crossing structures or fauna passages should be implemented. The pilot area at the highway M-03 from Poltava to Kharkiv between 341 and 472 km planned for reconstruction under the World Bank project was analyzed based on spatial ecosystem approach to define the points of increased concern for the protection of habitats. Mitigation measures, in particular fauna passages, are necessary as the given road bisects important elements of eco-network: Galytsko-Slobozhansky natural latitudinal corridor and Vorskla regional eco-corridor. Five sites were chosen on the territory to provide wildlife mobility improvement with the help of such crossing structures, as landscape bridge, river crossing, joint-use underpass, underpass for small- and medium-sized animals, and multi-use overpass. The selection of the most appropriate type of fauna passage was based on the analysis of landscape structure, type of habitats affected and target species (their living needs, behaviour and preferred moving media). The suggested scheme of wildlife crossings is provided with recommendations on the design of the offered structures, their dimensions, construction materials and elements, as well as details about model target species and their nature conservation status. The cost of the project is supposed to be acceptable as it basically involves transformation of the existing infrastructure elements.
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Fakhri, Nfn. "ARKEOFAUNA KAWASAN KARST BONTOCANI KABUPATEN BONE SULAWESI SELATAN." JURNAL WALENNAE 16, no. 1 (July 29, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/wln.v16i1.314.
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This study aims to provide a description of the fauna that once interacted with a human in the Bontocani karst Area in Bone District. Of the few excavated sites providing data availability of bone fragments that can be analyzed by conducting comparative studies with existing faunal composition of the fauna. The method of data collection is by excavation at some sites in this Karst Area. The results of this study document a wide range of vertebrates in the Balang Metti fauna including fish, frogs/toads, lizards, snakes, birds, Strigocuscus, Ailurops ursinus, insectivorous bats, Sulawesi monkeys, rats, Sulawesi pigs, babirusa and Anoa. In some layers of culture, the absence of anoa, indicates the environmental change from the environment of the fields and the weeds to the wet rain forest environment around the site, along with the extinction of this fauna. Based on the identified fauna bone analysis, it is illustrated that past habitats and environments in Bontocani Karst area have not changed much. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran secara lebih jelas tentang fauna-fauna yang pernah berinteraksi dengan manusia pendukung kebudayaan yang ada di Kawasan Karst Bontocani di Kabupaten Bone. Beberapa situs yang telah diekskavasi memberikan ketersediaan data berupa fragmen tulang yang dapat dianalisis dengan melakukan studi komparasi dengan komposisi tulang fauna yang ada saat ini. Metode pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah dengan ekskavasi di beberapa situs yang ada di Kawasan Karst ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar jenis fauna yang ditemukan di situs ini adalah fauna bertulang belakang antara lain: ikan, kodok/katak, kadal, ular, burung, strigocuscus, Ailurops ursinus, kelelawar pemakan serangga, monyet sulawesi, tikus, babi sulawesi, babi russa dan anoa. Pada beberapa lapisan budaya, tidak adanya temuan fauna anoa, menunjukkan perubahan lingkungan dari lingkungan padang dan ilalang menjadi lingkungan hutan hujan basah di sekitar situs, seiring dengan punahnya fauna ini. Berdasarkan analisis tulang fauna yang berhasil diidentifikasi digambarkan bahwa habitat dan lingkungan masa lampau di Kawasan Karst Bontocani tidak banyak mengalami perubahan.
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De Almeida, Mariana Carla, Carla Simone Seibert, and Francisco Lopes Dos Reis. "PERCEPÇÃO DA COMUNIDADE AEROPORTUÁRIA SOBRE A FAUNA DO AEROPORTO DE PALMAS/TO: A RELAÇÃO AEROPORTO-FAUNA." Revista Gestão & Sustentabilidade Ambiental 9, no. 2 (July 17, 2020): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/rgsa.v9e22020498-523.
Full textAbstract:
Aeroportos modificam o meio ambiente, transformando o habitat, de natural à antrópico, impactando na fauna. A fauna presente em aeroportos é um risco à aviação, devido às possibilidades de colisão com aeronaves, portanto precisa-se harmonizar essa relação, buscando a segurança da vida humana e da fauna. O aeroporto de Palmas/TO foi escolhido para esse estudo por possuir uma das maiores áreas verdes aeroportuárias do Brasil, na qual habitam muitas espécies. Neste cenário, foi analisada a percepção da comunidade aeroportuária relativa à fauna local, sendo adotados procedimentos metodológicos descritivo, bibliográfico e documental, pesquisas qualitativa e quantitativa, por meio de aplicação de questionário junto à comunidade aeroportuária, entre 2017 e 2018. Pode-se inferir que a percepção da comunidade reflete os conflitos existentes entre o homem e a natureza, pois apesar de demonstrar certa consciência para a importância da fauna, há ainda carência de conhecimento e atitude para conservá-la.
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Dumnicka, Elzbieta, Joanna Galas, Mariola Krodkiewska, and Agnieszka Pociecha. "The diversity of annelids in subterranean waters: a case study from Poland." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 421 (2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2020007.
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Not all invertebrate groups commonly occur in subterranean waters but annelids live in surface and underground habitats. The annelid species' richness in various underground waters (wells and interstitial and cave waters) and surface streams of Poland was compared, and the habitat preferences for the most frequent species were determined. Until now, 111 annelid taxa (mainly oligochaetes) had been identified in underground waters in Poland, with higher numbers (71) in the interstitial habitat than in stream bottoms (62). The number of species identified in the caves and wells was distinctly lower (54 and 29, respectively). The Correspondence Analysis did not separate the samples from various underground water types into distinct groups, and the distribution of well fauna was especially scattered (in the ordination diagram) because abiotic parameters differ strongly in studied wells. Only three stygobiontic species (Cernosvitoviella parviseta, Enchytraeus dominicae and Trichodrilus moravicus) were related to some caves. The analysis of the available data indicate that to obtain a comprehensive picture of the aquatic fauna in a given country all types of subterranean aquatic habitats should be sampled and taken into account. Moreover, to ascertain the composition of benthic invertebrates in running waters, investigation of the interstitial habitat should also be performed.
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Gherardi, Francesca, and Paul M. Cassidy. "Macrobenthic associates of bioherms of the polychaete Sabellaria cementarium from northern Puget Sound, Washington." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 3 (March 1, 1994): 514–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-069.
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Bioherms of Sabellaria cementarium Moore, 1906 were examined as the habitat of a diversified community in northern Puget Sound, Washington. Aggregations of around 3500 tubes/m2 were found 15–40 m below the surface, in the aphotic zone. A rich assemblage of macrobenthos finds refuge and food in this habitat, which favors most organisms (especially those leading a sedentary life). The community seems stable and is composed of a unique fauna, which differs greatly from the species collected from adjacent habitats with diverse substrates.
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Purser, A., J. Ontrup, T. Schoening, L. Thomsen, R. Tong, V. Unnithan, and T. W. Nattkemper. "Microhabitat and shrimp abundance within a Norwegian cold-water coral ecosystem." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 2 (February 22, 2013): 3365–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-3365-2013.
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Abstract. Cold-water coral reefs are highly heterogeneous ecosystems comprising of a range of diverse microhabitats. In a typical European cold-water coral reef various biogenic habitats (live colonies of locally common coral species such as Lophelia pertusa, Paragorgia arborea and Primnoa resedaeformis, dead coral structure, coral rubble) may be surrounded and intermixed with non-biogenic habitats (soft sediment, hardground, gravel/pebbles, steep walls). To date, studies of distribution of sessile fauna across these microhabitats have been more numerous than those investigating mobile fauna distribution. In this study we quantified shrimp densities associated with key CWC habitat categories at the Røst reef, Norway, by analysing image data collected by towed video sled. We also investigated shrimp distribution patterns on the local scale (<40 cm) and how these may vary with habitat. We found shrimp abundances at the Røst reef to be on average an order of magnitude greater in biogenic reef habitats than in non-biogenic habitats. Greatest shrimp densities were observed in association with live Paragorgia arborea habitats (43 shrimp m−2, SD = 35.5), live Primnoa resedaeformis habitats (41.6 shrimp m−2, SD = 26.1) and live Lophelia pertusa habitats (24.4 shrimp m−2, SD = 18.6). In non-biogenic habitats shrimp densities were <2 shrimp m−2. We conclude that CWC reef habitats clearly support greater shrimp densities than the surrounding non-biogenic habitats on the Norwegian margin.