Dissertations / Theses: 'Fauna habitat'

1

Pohe, Stephen Robert. "Aquatic invertebrate fauna of Matapouri, Northland." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/425.

Full text

Abstract:

A study of the aquatic invertebrate communities from two locations (Location 1 and Location 2) within the Matapouri catchment in Northland, New Zealand, was conducted to assess community structure in differing local-scale habitats. Four data collection methods were utilised generating 33,058 adult or larval invertebrates. The sampling methods comprised benthic kick-sampling, sticky trapping, light trapping, and emergence trapping. For the sticky trapping and light trapping, sampling was carried out at three different sites (Sites 1–3) within each location. The sites were situated within three habitat types; native forest, native forest-fringe, and raupo wetland. Emergence trapping also commenced within the three sites, at both locations, but was discontinued after two months, due to the equipment being destroyed by consecutive flooding events (method described in Appendix 1). Benthic sampling was carried out within the Forest and Forest-fringe habitats. Benthic sampling, sticky trapping, and light trapping were carried out following a monthly schedule between June and November 2005. Conductivity, pH, and water temperature measurements were taken concurrently with benthic sampling on a monthly basis, while water velocity and substrate measurements were taken once to assist in habitat characterisation. Overall, 71 taxa were recorded by benthic sampling over the six month period, with a mean of approximately 30 taxa per site per month. In comparison with similar studies elsewhere in New Zealand, a figure of around 30 taxa per sample was high. The benthic macroinvertebrate fauna at all sites was dominated by Trichoptera (19 taxa), Diptera (16 taxa) and Ephemeroptera (10 taxa). This pattern of diversity is similar to that reported in other New Zealand studies. However, in contrast to previous studies, the leptophlebiid mayfly genus Deleatidium was not numerically dominant over the rest of the community, and other leptophlebiid genera (Acanthophlebia, Atalophlebioides, Mauiulus and Zephlebia) were equally represented, possibly reflecting niche partitioning between the groups. The genus Nesameletus was not recorded at any site, despite being one of the core mayfly species in New Zealand streams. The rare mayfly Isothraulus abditus was recorded at one of the forest locations. There are no published records of this species from Northland. Although acknowledged as another of the core New Zealand benthic taxa, the hydropsychid caddisfly Aoteapsyche was not recorded during the study. However, another hydropsychid, Orthopsyche, was commonly recorded, and these may be filling a similar niche to the Aoteapsyche genus. In contrast to the Trichoptera, Diptera, and Ephemeroptera, the Plecoptera fauna was relatively depauperate, probably reflecting the warmer climate of the region and lack of temperature-buffered spring-fed streams. Surprisingly, Zelandobius, a core New Zealand genus, was absent but is regularly recorded in Northland. A species of conservation interest, Spaniocercoides watti, currently recognised as a Northland endemic, was recorded in low numbers. There were no apparent trends in diversity or abundance of benthic invertebrates over time. Also, there were no significant differences in species diversity between the two locations. However, in many cases, taxa were more abundant at Location 2. This may have been due to steeper gradients at Location 2, and the consequent effects on substrate size and streambed stability, as all other physical factors appeared similar between locations. Although several significant differences of individual benthic taxa were recorded, no broad effect of habitat (sites) on species diversity was observable. However, at Location 2, abundances were significantly higher at Site 3 (Forest) compared to Site 2 (Forest-fringe). The reasons were uncertain, but may be attributed to higher retention of allochthonous organic materials, trapped by in-stream cover and larger substrates. Investigations of adult stages by sticky traps supported benthic results recording community compositions and abundances dominated by Trichoptera and Diptera. Plecoptera were poorly represented. Location 2 recorded higher abundances of taxa, particularly Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Investigations of adult stages by light traps however did not produce any statistically significant differences in abundances between sites, between locations, or between sites across locations, and it is believed to be due to limited sampling replication combined with some biases of light trapping. This study indicates that the aquatic invertebrate community at Matapouri is diverse but also reasonably representative. Several rare or uncommon insects inhabit the catchment. It is therefore important that Iwi and the local Landcare Group, who invited and supported this research, together with the Department of Conservation, continue their efforts in protecting these areas. The resident fauna have the capacity to restock areas downstream, which are intended to be improved and restored through sediment control and riparian management.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Cardoso, Tiago Augusto Lima. "Distribuição de aves limícolas migratórias (Charadriidae e Scolopacidae) em estuários: preferência de habitats e estrutura das assembléias." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/1683.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T12:18:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tiago Augusto Lima Cardoso.pdf: 985032 bytes, checksum: f09cf89072d07aab7edcf296e7fc6a84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-26
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Several studies report the use of estuarine environments by migrant shorebirds in South America. However, distribution patterns of these species among estuarine habitats have been little studied. Our study aimed to investigate the distribution of migratory shorebirds (Charadriidae and Scolopacidae) and the composition and structure of assemblages of several habitats in the estuaries of rivers Mamanguape, Paraíba do Norte and Goiana in the coast of Paraíba, Brazil. Nine sites were selected for counting birds, four in open beach habitats (in ocean front) and five in inner estuarine habitats (tidal flats, a fluvial island and artificial ponds in a shrimp farm). Visual surveys were carried out at each site with the aid of binoculars and a spotting scope. Statistical analyses were applied to answer the following questions: (i) did occur differences in species densities among habitats? (ii) which factor had greatest influence on variations in densities? (iii) how counting sites can be grouped based on structure and species composition of their assemblages of birds? 72 counts were carried out from September 2010 through April 2011, during which 13 species of migratory shorebirds were recorded: Pluvialis squatarola, Charadrius semipalmatus, Limnodromus griseus, Numenius phaeopus, Actitis macularius, Tringa melanoleuca, Tringa semipalmata, Tringa flavipes, Arenaria interpres, Calidris alba, Calidris pusilla, Calidris minutilla and Calidris fuscicollis. Density of species varied significantly among estuaries and categories of habitats, but not among months. The category of habitat was the factor that had greatest influence upon variations of densities. The assemblages of birds in open beaches were clearly different from the assemblages of inner habitats, with regard to their species composition and dominance pattern. The species with greatest importance on differentiation between assemblages of beaches and inner habitats were C. alba, N. phaeopus, C. pusilla and C. semipalmatus. Although we suppose that some factors not measured in this study may have exerted influence upon pattern observed, our results suggest that preferences between open beaches and inner habitats may be influencing distribution of species in estuarine landscape.
Vários estudos relatam o uso de ambientes estuarinos por aves limícolas migrantes na América do Sul. No entanto, os padrões de distribuição destas espécies entre os hábitats estuarinos têm sido pouco estudados. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a distribuição de aves limícolas migratórias (Charadriidae e Scolopacidae) e as diferenças na composição e estrutura das assembléias de diversos hábitats nos estuários dos rios Mamanguape, Paraíba do Norte e Goiana, no litoral do estado da Paraíba, Brasil. Para tanto, foram selecionados nove locais para contagem das aves, sendo quatro em hábitats de praia aberta (de frente para o oceano) e cinco em hábitats interiores aos estuários (lamaçais intertidais, uma ilha fluvial e lagoas artificiais de carcinocultura). Em cada local foram realizados censos visuais com o auxílio de um binóculo e uma luneta. Análises estatísticas foram aplicadas para responder as seguintes questões: (i) ocorrem diferenças nas densidades das espécies entre os hábitats? (ii) qual fator exerce maior influência sobre as variações nas densidades? (iii) de que forma os locais de contagem podem ser agrupados com base na estrutura e composição de espécies de suas assembléias de aves? Ao todo, foram realizadas 72 contagens entre os meses de setembro de 2010 e abril de 2011, durante as quais foram registradas 13 espécies de aves limícolas migratórias: Pluvialis squatarola, Charadrius semipalmatus, Limnodromus griseus, Numenius phaeopus, Actitis macularius, Tringa melanoleuca, Tringa semipalmata, Tringa flavipes, Arenaria interpres, Calidris alba, Calidris pusilla, Calidris minutilla e Calidris fuscicollis. A densidade das espécies variou significativamente entre os estuários e as categorias de hábitats, mas não entre os meses de contagem. O fator que exerceu maior influência sobre as variações na densidade foi a categoria de hábitat. As assembléias de aves que frequentaram as praias abertas foram nitidamente diferentes das assembléias dos hábitats interiores, no que diz respeito à sua composição de espécies e o padrão de dominância. As espécies com maior importância na diferenciação entre as assembléias de praia e interior foram C. alba, N. phaeopus, C. pusilla e C. semipalmatus. Apesar de reconhecermos que fatores não mensurados neste estudo podem ter exercido influência sobre o padrão observado, nossos resultados sugerem que a preferência entre hábitats de praia aberta e hábitats interiores aos estuários pode estar influenciando a distribuição das espécies na paisagem.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Cook, Benjamin Douglas, and n/a. "An Analysis of Population Connectivity in Lotic Fauna: Constraints of Subdivision for Biotic Responses to Stream Habitat Restoration." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070718.115649.

Full text

Abstract:

Connectivity in ecological systems is a broad concept that embodies the transmission of ecosystem components throughout landscapes at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Of relevance to the present study are the connections (or lack thereof) among local populations of stream fauna - population connectivity in lotic systems. Dispersal, recolonisation and migration are the demographic forms of population connectivity, and gene flow is the genetic aspect of population connectivity. Both forms of population connectivity have underpinned some of the classic theories and hypotheses in stream ecology, and have implications for pure and applied stream ecology, including ecosystem restoration. Conceptual models in ecology can facilitate understanding and predictability of the ecosystem processes they represent, and have potential applicability as management tools or 'rules of thumb' in conservation and restoration programs. Various theoretical models describe potential patterns of connectivity among local populations and in this thesis these models were used to evaluate population connectivity in a freshwater fish (southern pygmy perch, Nannoperca australis) and two reproductively isolated genetic lineages of freshwater shrimp (Paratya spp.) in small, geomorphically degraded streams in south eastern Australia. These streams (the Granite Creeks) have been the focus of a recent habitat restoration trial and several studies have examined fish and macroinvertebrate community responses to the experiment. It was the purpose of this study to contribute information about population connectivity in the selected species to complement these community ecology studies. Population connectivity was examined in these species using molecular data (mitochondrial and nuclear genetic data) and natural abundance isotopic signatures of nitrogen and carbon. At the landscape scale, results showed that populations of N. australis and the P. australiensis lineages were isolated among the streams and among sites within streams, and that there was no consistent pattern of isolation-by-distance in genetic data for any species. Thus, classic models of population connectivity, such as the Island Model and Stepping-Stone Model, were not supported by this study. Results indicated that population models that incorporated more complex aspects of stream structure may be more appropriate than these classic models for approximating observed patterns of population connectivity in lotic systems. The Stream Hierarchy Model (SHM) predicts that the hierarchical aspect of stream structure (i.e. stream confluences) have a dominant role in shaping patterns of population connectivity in lotic fauna, whereby populations among streams are more isolated than those within them. Although stream confluences were found to have an important role in population subdivision for the species examined in this study, the expectations of the SHM were met for only N. australis. For the P. australiensis lineages, the influence of topography (i.e. the longitudinal aspect of stream structure) was just as important as stream confluences in isolating local populations. Large-scale determinants of population isolation were thus found to be associated with both the hierarchical and longitudinal aspects of stream structure, and were not well represented by any single theoretical model of population connectivity. At within-stream scales, upland populations tended to be extremely isolated from other populations and had temporally stable genetic signatures. In contrast, lowland populations were connected to other lowland populations within the same stream to a greater degree, although the connections were patchy and a slight signature of temporal instability in the genetic data was evident for one of the P. australiensis lineages. Thus, metapopulation or patchy population models were found to represent connections among lowland populations within the same stream, although they were not appropriate for describing connectivity among upland populations. This finding highlights the importance of the longitudinal aspect of stream structure in shaping ecological patterns in lotic systems, and demonstrates that local patterns of population connectivity can vary over relatively small spatial scales. Overall, the results illustrate that both hierarchical and longitudinal aspects of stream structure can have important roles in isolating populations of stream fauna. They therefore also represent constraints for the ability of aquatic fauna to colonise restored habitat in streams. The corollary of this, however, is that such isolated populations of stream fauna represent appropriate population units at which to target habitat restoration. The hierarchical and longitudinal aspects of stream structure may thus represent 'rules of thumb' or 'landscape filters' that stream restoration ecologists could use to predict likely isolated populations of lotic fauna across the landscape. Such a 'rule of thumb' might be the inclusion of multiple isolated population units in restoration programs, as this strategy is likely to generate the greatest biological response to the restoration at the landscape scale, particularly with respect to intra-specific genetic diversity captured by restoration. At small spatial scales, such as for a single stream or tributary, the longitudinal aspect of stream structure can be an important factor to consider when designing stream habitat restoration programs. In this study, lowland sites were unstable and there were patchy connections among local lowland populations within the same stream, whereas upland populations were isolated at this scale. In contrast, other studies have found that upstream populations of some species can be connected in a patchy fashion in other systems. For such unstable sections of stream, where there are patchy patterns of local population connectivity, the inclusion of multiple restored patches, especially refugial habitat, is likely to produce the greatest biotic response at the patch scale, particularly with respect to demographic responses (such as local colonisation). Multiple restored refugial patches will enable species to persist throughout the stream section during adverse environmental conditions, will allow for variation in local movement patterns and distances between species and between years with contrasting environment conditions (e.g. stream flow), and may harbour different species assemblages and intraspecific genotypes due to stochastic processes (i.e. have functional heterogeneity). The hierarchical and longitudinal aspects of stream structure are thus important determinants of population connectivity at both large and small spatial scales, and have implications for how stream biota will respond to restoration at patch and landscape scales.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Lindsten, Madeleine. "Habitatets och funktionella gruppers respons ett år efter dammutrivning : Nianån och Gnarpsån." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-73126.

Full text

Abstract:

Dams are a typical example of how watercourses are being used, especially for production of electricity. Negative consequences that follows are that the character of the watercourse is altered, which in turn affects the composition of organisms. In the summer of 2017, a hydroelectric plant was removed in Nianån. A project started with the purpose to investigate the effects on benthic fauna, one year after the removal. In this study, the watercourse Gnarpsån was also used as a control. It was assumed that the proportion of silt and sand, as well as the water depth had decreased while the water velocity had increased in the habitat of the former reservoir in Nianån. It was also assumed that a change in the density of the benthic fauna should have occurred in Nianån, downstream in the riffle. The abundance of organisms with a burial lifestyle should have decreased in the habitat of the former reservoir, while the abundance of scrapers and filters should increase in the riffle. The result showed few significant physical changes. A difference in substrate composition could be seen in Nianån, however it was the proportion of fine substrates that increased in all habitats (gravel, fine gravel and sand). The water velocity was unchanged in Nianån, and the depth only decreased in the flowing habitat upstream. In both watercourses, 38 different families of macroinvertebrates were found. The proportion of burial animals in the habitat of the former reservoir decreased significantly, but no change in the total density was found. A possible effect may already have been recovered, or more time may need to pass before expected results can be seen. Many factors affect the conditions in the watercourses. To be able to provide better general predictions about the effects of dam removal, further studies are needed, both at the organism level and with a large-scale approach to get a uniform picture of this restoration measure.
Dammar är typiska exempel på hur vattendrag utnyttjas, framförallt för elproduktion. Negativa följder är att vattendragets karaktär förändras, vilket i sin tur påverkar sammansättningen av organismer. Sommaren 2017 togs ett kraftverk bort i Nianån. Ett projekt startade med syftet att undersöka effekterna på bentisk fauna ett år efter dammutrivningen. I denna studie används också vattendraget Gnarpsån som en kontroll. Det antogs att andelen silt och sand, samt vattendjupet hade minskat medan vattenhastigheten hade ökat i habitatet i den före detta regleringsdammen i Nianån. Det antogs även att en förändring av tätheten av bottenfauna borde ha skett i Nianån, nedströms i torrfåran. Andelen nedgrävande djur borde ha minskat i habitatet i den före detta regleringsdammen, medan andelen skrapare och filtrerare ökat i torrfåran. Resultatet visade på få signifikanta fysiska förändringar. En viss skillnad i substratsammansättning kunde ses i Nianån, dock var det andelen fint substrat som ökat i samtliga habitat (grus, fint grus och sand). Vattenhastigheten var oförändrad i Nianån, och djupet minskade endast i det strömmande habitatet uppströms. I vattendragen återfanns 38 olika familjer av makroevertebrater. Andelen nedgrävande djur i habitatet i den före detta regleringsdammen minskade signifikant, men någon förändring i total individtäthet påvisades inte. En eventuell effekt kan redan ha återhämtats, eller så behöver mer tid gå innan förväntade resultat kan ses. Många faktorer påverkar förhållandena i vattendragen. För att kunna ge bättre generella förutsägningar om effekter av dammutrivning behövs vidare studier, både på organismnivå och med ett storskaligt synsätt för att få en enhetlig bild över denna restaureringsåtgärd.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Evans, Julian. "Habitat characterisation of infralittoral pebble beds in the Maltese Islands." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3012.

Full text

Abstract:

The Mediterranean biocoenosis of infralittoral pebbles has been poorly studied and very little information is available on the physical characteristics of pebble beds, on the diversity of the associated assemblages, on the spatial and temporal variation in assemblage structure, or on interactions between the physical and biotic components. The present study was therefore carried out to characterise pebble-bed assemblages as a first step towards understanding the ecological dynamics of these habitats. Preliminary surveys were made along the low-lying coasts of the Maltese Islands to map the occurrence of pebble-bed habitats. Fifteen locations with pebble coverage >25 m² were chosen for study and benthic sampling was undertaken between July–September 2011; water samples were also collected on a monthly basis. Five shallow sites were sampled for biota again at six-month intervals until April 2013. The pebble beds were characterised in terms of environmental parameters and biotic composition. A total of 62,742 individuals belonging to 360 macrofaunal taxa were recorded (total sampling area: 16 m²). Polychaetes, crustaceans and molluscs were the most common faunal groups. The recorded species included the endemic gastropod Gibbula nivosa, and the first central Mediterranean records of three gobiid species. Three distinct pebble-bed types were characterised based on physical and biological features: shallow beds occurring in rocky coves, beds found within creeks or seagrass meadows, and beds located in harbour environments; amendments to internationally used benthic habitat classification schemes have been proposed, since only a single category of pebble-bed habitats is currently recognised in these. A significant seasonal reduction in species richness and abundance was recorded from shallow sites, related to the higher level of disturbance occurring during winter storms. Analysis of diversity patterns in harbour sites indicated that a high richness per site and between-site variation in species composition led to the observed high diversity. Site richness was associated with fine-scale structural complexity, while environmental characteristics were correlated with variation in assemblage structure over a broad range of spatial scales. These findings suggest that pebble beds have a higher conservation value than generally thought. The biologically derived habitat classification scheme and knowledge on assemblage-environment relationships derived from the present work will be useful to inform and guide management decisions concerning these pebble-bed habitats.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Shirk, Philip. "Sex-specific Habitat Use and Responses to Fragmentation in an Endemic Chameleon Fauna." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/390.

Full text

Abstract:

Chameleons are an understudied taxon facing many threats, including collection for the international pet trade and habitat loss and fragmentation. A recent field study reports a highly female-biased sex ratio in the Eastern Arc Endemic Usambara three horned chameleon, Trioceros deremensis, a large, sexually dimorphic species. This species is collected for the pet trade, and local collectors report males bring a higher price because only this sex has horns. Thus, sex ratios may vary due to differential rates of survival or harvesting. Alternatively, they may simply appear to be skewed if differences in habitat use biases detection of the sexes. Another threat facing chameleons is that of habitat loss and fragmentation. Despite enormous amounts of research, the factors of fragmentation that different species respond to is still under debate. Understanding these responses is important for current mitigation efforts as well as predicting how species will respond to future habitat alteration and climate change. My study suggests that differences in survival and detection may explain much of the observed seasonal sex skew in adult T. deremensis. Within fragmented habitat chameleons consistently responded more to edge effects and vegetative characteristics associated with fragmentation than to area or isolation effects. This may bode poorly for chameleon populations in the coming decades as climate change further alters vegetative communities and exacerbates edge effects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Rosa, Renato Oliveira Lopes da. "Padrões biogeográficos da quiropterofauna brasileira." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2015. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/18822.

Full text

Abstract:

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, 2015.
Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2015-11-03T13:21:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_RenatoOliveiraLopesRosa.pdf: 1061791 bytes, checksum: 51d1107297c3f2152433d6aa71af0765 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Patrícia Nunes da Silva(patricia@bce.unb.br) on 2015-11-29T19:03:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_RenatoOliveiraLopesRosa.pdf: 1061791 bytes, checksum: 51d1107297c3f2152433d6aa71af0765 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-29T19:03:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_RenatoOliveiraLopesRosa.pdf: 1061791 bytes, checksum: 51d1107297c3f2152433d6aa71af0765 (MD5)
A regionalização biogeográfica tornou-se um importante produto da biogeografia, possibilitando o entendimento de alguns padrões espaciais da biodiversidade e a formulação de hipóteses biogeográficas sobre a formação da biota, podendo também ser aplicada para determinação de áreas prioritárias e outras estratégias de conservação. Tendo em vista a falta de informações sobre os padrões de distribuição dos morcegos brasileiros, este trabalho visa identificar os padrões de congruência na distribuição dos morcegos brasileiros reconhecendo as áreas de maior endemicidade. Para isto, foi conduzida uma Análise de Endemicidade utilizando o programa NDM, onde a distribuição das espécies foi representada pelos pontos de ocorrência conhecidos e por modelos de distribuição de espécies (SDM) feitos pelo programa MaxEnt utilizando variáveis de precipitação, temperatura, topografia e vegetação. Foram identificados cinco padrões de distribuição para os morcegos brasileiros, sendo eles: “Região Norte”, “Centro-Nordeste”, “Centro-Leste”, “Centro-Sudeste” e “Domínios Florestais”. Os padrões de distribuição dos morcegos se mostraram associados a processos relacionados com a dinâmica de formações vegetais brasileiras, sendo identificados padrões distintos associados às formações abertas e formações florestais. As principais áreas de endemismo identificadas foram denominadas "Região Norte", associada à Amazônia brasileira e o Escudo das Guianas, e "Centro-Nordeste" associada à Caatinga e sua transição com o Cerrado. Também foram identificadas áreas de endemismo associadas ao Cerrado e Serra do Mar. A recente descrição de novas espécies se mostrou fundamental para a identificação dos padrões identificados, e sugiro que essas regiões de alta endemicidade possam ainda esconder grande diversidade críptica de morcegos. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Biogeographic regionalization has become an important product of biogeography, enabling the understanding of some spatial patterns of biodiversity and the development of biogeographical hypotheses on the biota formation, and can also be applied to determine priority areas and other conservation strategies. Given the lack of information on the distribution patterns of Brazilian bats, this paper aims to identify the matching patterns in the distribution of Brazilian bats, recognizing the areas of highest endemicity. For this, I conducted an endemicity analysis using the NDM software, where the distribution of species was represented by the known occurrence points and species distribution models (SDM) made on MaxEnt using variables of precipitation, climate, topography, and vegetation. Five distribution patterns were identified for Brazilian bats, as follows: "Northern Region", "Central-Northeast", "Central-Southeast", "Central-East", and "Forest Domains". Bats distribution patterns were associated with processes related to the dynamics of Brazilian vegetation, in which distinct patterns were associated with open formations and forest formations. The main areas of endemism identified were named "Northern Region", linked to the Brazilian Amazon and the Guyana Shield, and "Central Northeast" associated with the Caatinga and its transition to the Cerrado. I also identified areas of endemism associated with the Brazilian Shield and Cerrado. The recent description of new species proved critical information to the identification of patterns of endemism, and suggest that these regions of high endemicity still can hide great cryptic diversity of bats.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Calandriello, Carlos J. "The rodent fauna of Long Pine Key, Everglades National Park: a comparison of habitat types." FIU Digital Commons, 1999. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1971.

Full text

Abstract:

Rodents are often involved at several stages of trophic dynamics. Consequently they often play crucial roles in the structure and function of many complex ecological systems. This study sought to address the lack of baseline data concerning rodents in tropical areas, and south Florida in particular. Live trapping took place in the four major habitat types of the Long Pine Key area of Everglades National Park over the course of one year. I compared population structures and abundance of murid rodents in the four habitat types, and tested multiple weather variables for their effectiveness as predictors of rodent abundance. I found the Long Pine Key area to be depauperate in terms of species diversity. Each of the four species of rodent encountered favored a particular habitat type. The density of the understory vegetation and the avoidance of avian predators in particular appear to be the most important factors in the distribution and abundance of rodents in the Long Pine Key area of Everglades National Park.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Clague, Christopher Ian. "An investigation into the assemblage structure of the microchiropteran fauna of the Queensland tropical upland wet sclerophyll zone/." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18310.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Dornelles, Sidnei da Silva. "Impactos da duplicação de rodovias : variação da mortalidade de fauna na BR 101 Sul." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7129.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-12T20:08:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseSSD.pdf: 4196266 bytes, checksum: 852bdafbbad865e0ccb454503e54e11b (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-13T19:55:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseSSD.pdf: 4196266 bytes, checksum: 852bdafbbad865e0ccb454503e54e11b (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-13T19:55:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseSSD.pdf: 4196266 bytes, checksum: 852bdafbbad865e0ccb454503e54e11b (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-13T19:55:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseSSD.pdf: 4196266 bytes, checksum: 852bdafbbad865e0ccb454503e54e11b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-12
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Roadkill and isolation of populations due to the barrier effect can be considered the main direct impacts of roads on wildlife. Mammals by behavioral, size and charisma features are one of the groups of vertebrates that require mitigation for mortality, as they are also among the most seriously injured on roads. An important approach to effectively mitigate roadkill on highways is to locate the points where roadkill are concentrated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variation in mortality of mammals due to the duplication of the BR 101 highway south. In addition to the K Ripley aggregation analysis, were generated habitat suitability models (MAH) to identify favorable locations roadkill species, using the model functional groups for prediction of highway stretches with more chances to roadkill. It was recorded 21 taxa of mammals get hit, being the most abundant gender Didelphis (n = 721), followed by Cerdocyon thous (n = 108). The abundance of carcasses decreases between before and after the duplication (F 18.04 p = <0.001). Hotspots were not overlapped between the periods analyzed, indicating that some explanatory factor has changed over the work. Observing the variables that contributed most to the models for each functional group, we noted that there were differences in the most influential variables for each functional group in different periods. Of the nine generated models, we note that six variables contributed more than 20% in different models. There were differences between the periods before, during and after the duplication of the variables that contributed most or contribution value in functional groups. These differences may reflect the change in the distribution of roadkill among highway doubling periods. Both approaches demonstrated that there have been changes in the magnitude and distribution of roadkill in the period prior to the period after duplication. So a highway with two paviments differ from a highway with four paviments about how the mammals react in terms of movement and relationship to landscape.
A morte por atropelamentos e o isolamento de populações devido ao efeito de barreira podem ser considerados os principais impactos diretos das rodovias sobre a fauna silvestre. Os mamíferos pelas características comportamentais, tamanho e carisma são um dos grupos de vertebrados que necessitam mitigações para a mortalidade, visto que também estão entre os que mais morrem em rodovias. Uma abordagem importante para mitigar efetivamente os atropelamentos em rodovias é localizar os pontos onde os atropelamentos estão concentrados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variação da mortalidade de mamíferos em função da duplicação da rodovia BR 101 sul. Além da análise de agregação de K de Ripley, foram gerados modelos de adequabilidade de habitat (MAH) para identificar locais favoráveis a atropelamentos de espécies, usando no modelo grupos funcionais para a predição de trechos da rodovia com mais chances de atropelamento. Registrou-se 21 taxóns de mamíferos atropelados, sendo o mais abundante o gênero Didelphis (n=721), seguido de Cerdocyon thous (n=108). A abundância de carcaças diminui entre o antes e o depois da duplicação (F=18,04; p<0,001). Os hotspots não foram sobrepostos entre os períodos analisados, indicando que algum fator explicativo mudou ao longo da obra. Observando as variáveis que mais contribuíram com os modelos para cada grupo funcional, notamos que houve diferença nas variáveis mais influentes para cada grupo funcional nos diferentes períodos. Dos nove modelos gerados, notamos que seis variáveis contribuíram em mais de 20% em diferentes modelos. Houve diferença entre os períodos de antes, durante e depois da duplicação das variáveis que mais contribuíram ou do valor de contribuição nos grupos funcionais. Estas diferenças podem ser reflexo da mudança na distribuição dos atropelamentos entre os períodos da duplicação da rodovia. As duas abordagens demonstraram que houveram mudanças na magnitude e distribuição dos atropelamentos no período antes em relação ao período após a duplicação. Portanto uma rodovia com dois pavimentos funciona diferente de uma rodovia de quatro pavimentos em relação a como a mastofauna reage em termos de movimentação e relação com paisagem.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Wichert, Friedrich. "Natura 2000 : kooperatives Vorgehen von Gemeinschaft und Mitgliedstaaten bei der Errichtung eines Netzes von Schutzgebieten zum Zwecke des Artenschutzes /." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2001. http://www.gbv.de/dms/ilmenau/toc/336805098.PDF.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Coni, Ericka Oliveira Cavalcanti. "Abundância e vitalidade do coral solitário Scolymia SSP. no Brasil: comparação entre um sistema costeiro e um oceânico." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/1707.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T12:18:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ericka Oliveira Cavalcanti Coni 1.pdf: 2089102 bytes, checksum: 5c1509211be13fb75d7c43e4fae12914 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-28
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Coral reefs are one of the most valuable ecosystems on Earth. However, they have suffered declines over the past four decades. The main factors responsible for the mass mortality of corals are bleaching and disease. In Brazil diseases in corals proliferated up since 2005, threatening to wipe out some of the major endemic species and reef builders. On a global scale, the proliferation of diseases and bleaching is related to the increase in the temperature of the sea surface, while the main factors at the local scale are adding nutrients and proliferation of macroalgae in coastal waters. Despite the recognition of the influence of these factors on the vitality of corals, there is little information about the relative contribution of these different threats. The effects of global impacts can be better understood from comparative studies of coastal areas and control areas isolated and distant from the coast (eg oceanic islands), since the latter suffer less or are free of local impacts. This work has as main objectives: 1) To study the spatial and temporal dynamics in abundance and vitality of coral lone Scolymia wellsi the largest South Atlantic reef complex (Abrolhos Bank, BA), as well as to evaluate the influence of environmental variables and disorders anthropic this region and 2) compare the abundance and vitality of Scolymia spp. between a coastal system (Abrolhos Bank) and an oceanic system (Archipelago of São Pedro and São Paulo archipelago). Due to its geographic isolation, the archipelago is less susceptible to human impacts. Therefore, the results obtained here allow an assessment of the relative influence of local and global impacts on the abundance and vitality (ie proportion of tissue alive and healthy versus diseased tissue and dead) of Scolymia spp. in Brazil.
Os recifes de corais são um dos ecossistemas mais valiosos da Terra. No entanto, eles vêm sofrendo declínios acentuados nas últimas quatro décadas. Os principais fatores responsáveis pela mortalidade em massa de corais são o branqueamento e as doenças. No Brasil as doenças em corais proliferaram-se a partir de 2005, ameaçando de extinção algumas das principais espécies endêmicas e construtoras de recifes. Em escala global, a proliferação de doenças e branqueamento está relacionada com o aumento na temperatura da água superficial do mar, enquanto que os principais fatores em escala local são a adição de nutrientes e proliferação de macroalgas em águas costeiras. Apesar do reconhecimento da influência destes fatores na vitalidade dos corais, existem poucas informações sobre a contribuição relativa destas diferentes ameaças. Os efeitos de impactos globais podem ser mais bem compreendidos a partir de estudos comparativos entre áreas costeiras e áreas-controle isoladas e afastadas da costa (e.g. ilhas oceânicas), uma vez que estas últimas sofrem menos ou são isentas de impactos locais. Esta dissertação tem como objetivos principais: 1) Estudar a dinâmica espacial e temporal na abundância e vitalidade do coral solitário Scolymia wellsi no maior complexo recifal do Atlântico Sul (Banco dos Abrolhos, BA), assim como avaliar a influência de variáveis ambientais e de distúrbios antrópicos nesta região e 2) Comparar a abundância e vitalidade de Scolymia spp. entre um sistema costeiro (Banco dos Abrolhos) e um sistema oceânico (Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo, ASPSP). Devido a seu isolamento geográfico, o ASPSP é menos susceptível a impactos antrópicos. Portanto, os resultados obtidos aqui permitem uma avaliação da influência relativa dos impactos locais e globais na abundância e vitalidade (i.e. proporção de tecido vivo e saudável versus tecido doente e morto) de Scolymia spp. no Brasil.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Berner, Klaus. "Der Habitatschutz im europäischen und deutschen Recht : die FFH-Richtlinie der EG und ihre Umsetzung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland /." Baden-Baden : Nomos-Verl.-Ges, 2000. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/314059121.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Haddad, Gianni Queiroz [UNESP]. "Abundância, diversidade e flutuação populacional de formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) e aranhas (Arachnida: Araneae) em agroecossistemas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91349.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:13:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 haddad_gq_me_jabo.pdf: 268807 bytes, checksum: 290f8ffbdf29f04dbe679403fd0d66f1 (MD5)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Amostrou-se Araneae (Arachnida), Formicidae (Hymenoptera), Carabidae e Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) em duas áreas com fragmento florestal e cultura de soja/milho sob sistemas de plantio direto e convencional visando estudar a fauna desses artrópodes por meio de vários índices e analisar a flutuação populacional de espécies dominantes. As amostragens foram realizadas no período de novembro/2004 a abril/2007 em Guaíra, SP, sendo quinzenal no período de safra e mensal nas entressafras. Para a obtenção das amostras utilizou-se armadilhas de solo distribuídas em dois transectos de 200 m de comprimento, sendo 100 m na cultura e 100 m no fragmento. A fauna foi caracterizada pelos índices de diversidade, equitabilidade, abundância, dominância, freqüência e constância. As espécies de formigas do gênero Pheidole e Camponotus blandus são dominantes em áreas com sistemas de plantio direto e convencional, o mesmo ocorrendo com o aracnídeo Trochosa sp. A diversidade de espécies de aranhas e formigas é elevada no fragmento florestal, na interface e na cultura soja/milho sob sistema de plantio convencional. A maior similaridade de espécies de formigas e aranhas ocorre entre fragmento florestal e cultura soja/milho sob sistema de plantio direto que sob plantio convencional. O formicídeo Pheidole sp.1 correlaciona-se negativamente com aranhas, carabídeos e estafilinídeo em campo de soja/milho com sistema de plantio direto. A influência da temperatura e da precipitação pluvial prevalece sobre formigas do gênero Pheidole, respectivamente, em cultura de soja/milho sob sistema de plantio convencional e sistema de plantio direto
Adults of Araneae (Spider), Formicidae (Hymenoptera), Carabidae and Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) were sampled in two areas of a forest fragment and soybean / corn under no-tillage and conventional systems to study the fauna of arthropods through of various indexes and analyze the populational fluctuation of dominant species. Sampling was carried out from April/2007 to November/2004 in Guaíra, SP, and biweekly during the harvest period and monthly during the periods between. To obtain the samples we used pitfall traps distributed in two transects of 200 m long and 100 m in the crop and 100 m in the fragment. The fauna was characterized by diversity, evenness, abundance, dominance, frequency and constancy indexes. The ant species of the genus Pheidole and Camponotus blandus are dominant in areas with no-tillage and conventional, the same happen with the spider Trochosa sp.a species diversity of spiders and ants are high in the forest fragment at the interface and in the soybean / corn under conventional tillage. The greatest similarity of species of ants and spiders occur between forest fragmentation and culture soybean / corn under no-tillage than under conventional tillage. The ant Pheidole sp.1 correlates negatively with spiders, carabids and Staphylinidae in the field of soybean / corn with no-tillage system. The influence of temperature and rainfall prevails over ants of genus Pheidole, respectively, in soybean / corn under conventional tillage and no tillage systems

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Janeiro, Carla Maria Gaspar Martins. "Adequabilidade e perspectivas de gestão do habitat para o lince-ibérico (Lynx pardinus) no sítio Moura-Barrancos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18429.

Full text

Abstract:

O lince-ibérico Lynx pardinus ocorre apenas na Península Ibérica, sendo o felino mais ameaçado do Mundo. Apesar de não existirem evidências de populações estáveis em Portugal, o Sitio Moura-Barrancos é dos locais com maior probabilidade de ocorrência da espécie. Pretendeu se avaliar a adequabilidade desta área para dispersão,_ estabelecimento de territórios de residência e reprodução, através de 12 descritores que caracterizam a presença humana, a densidade de presas e a composição da paisagem e recorrendo à ferramenta Weighted Overlay (ArcGis 9.1). Os resultados indicam que o Sitio apresenta adequabilidade para a dispersão de indivíduos e condições para a instalação de 6-8 territórios de residência, dos quais 5 possuem adequabilidade para reprodução. É proposto um conjunto de medidas de âmbito local/regional, com o objectivo de potenciar a instalação de territórios por indivíduos dispersantes provenie11tes de outras populações e de dotar a região de condições para a reintrodução da espécie. ABSTRACT; lberian Lynx is limited to the lberian Peninsula and it is the most threatened feline in the world. Although there is no evidence of stable populations in Portugal, SCI Moura-Barrancos is the area with the largest probability for the species to occur. lt was intended to assess Moura-Barrancos suitability for dispersal, establishment of resident territories and reproduction of lberian Lynx. This assessment was done based on twelve variables related with human presence, prey density and landscape composition and using Weighted Overlay tool (ArcGis 9.1). The results show that Moura-Barrancos has suitability for 6-8 resident territories, 5 of those have suitability for reproduction. Several local/regional actions are proposed which aim to promote establishment of territories by individuals dispersing from other populations and to ensure suitability for species reintroduction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Duarte, Rafaela Cristina de Souza. "Influência da complexidade do habitat e da sazonalidade sobre a fauna associada a macroalgas de um manguezal hipersalino." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2011.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T12:22:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Rafaela Cristina de Souza Duarte.pdf: 17178678 bytes, checksum: bd68b4b71283d326a8bc5494f62f32d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-26
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Mangroves have a mosaic of different habitats and microhabitats, each with their specific levels of complexity and occupied by different kinds of organisms. In this context, the present study aimed to assess the effect of habitat complexity and seasonality in the composition and structure of the invertebrate macrofauna associated with macroalgal species with different morphological characteristics. The research was conducted in the hypersaline mangrove of Tubarão River (5 o 04'34.87"S, 36 o 27'32.36"W), municipality of Macau, northern coast of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil. Aiming to analyze the effect of habitat complexity on a local microhabitat scale and considering that the studied mangrove, due to their peculiar hipersalinity characteristics may harbor a rich fauna and flora, the following questions guide this research: a) Does the different macroalgae studied have different degree of habitat complexity? b) Macroalgae with different morphological characteristics supports invertebrate communities significantly different? c) Is there a relationship between habitat complexity and the composition, abundance and diversity of the invertebrate community of their phytal? and d) Is there difference between the pattern of abundance and composition of invertebrates found in macroalgal species between the dry and rainy seasons? A total of 1,750 individuals classified into five taxa were collected: Echinodermata, Amphipoda, Mollusca, Isopoda and Polychaeta, with 723 individuals found in the rainy season (associated with Gracilaria sp.) and 1,028 in the dry season (430 in Dictyota sp. and 598 in Solieria filiformes). Macroalgae of the dry period were morphologically distinct, however, the invertebrate fauna were not significantly different (p=0.1037), thus reinforcing that seasonality may have influenced the abundance and composition of macroinvertebrate taxa. The different macroalgae showed distinct morphological patterns and different degrees of habitat complexity, where more complex algae harbored a richer, abundant and diverse mollusc fauna. Specifically in the case of molluscs, species composition was typically marine, higher than other mangrove environments. Furthermore, the malacofauna was predominantly composed by micromolluscs, as adults whose sizes do not exceed 10 mm, and young individuals of species that reach a larger size. It is suggested that both habitat complexity as well as seasonality affect the richness, diversity and abundance of associated communities. In general, the marine macroalgae provides support for a variety of marine taxa, and may play an important role in increasing the structural underwater habitat complexity of mangrove systems.
Os manguezais apresentam um mosaico composto por diversos habitats e microhabitats, cada um deles com seus níveis de complexidade específicos e ocupados por diferentes tipos de organismos. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo tem por objetivo avaliar o efeito da complexidade do habitat e da sazonalidade na composição e estrutura da macrofauna associada a diferentes espécies de macroalgas com características morfológicas distintas. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no manguezal hipersalino do Rio Tubarão (5º04 34,87 S; 36º27 32,36 O), município de Macau, litoral setentrional do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Nordeste do Brasil. No intuito de analisar o efeito da complexidade do habitat em uma escala local de microhabitat e considerando que o manguezal estudado, devido à suas características peculiares de hipersalinidade podem abrigar uma rica fauna e flora, as seguintes perguntas nortearam esta pesquisa: a) As diferentes espécies de algas apresentam graus de complexidade de habitat distintos? b) Algas com características morfológicas diferenciadas suportam comunidades de invertebrados significativamente diferentes? c) Existe uma relação entre a complexidade do habitat oferecido pelas macroalgas e a composição, abundância, riqueza e diversidade de invertebrados participantes de seu fital? d) Existem diferenças entre o padrão de abundância e composição de invertebrados encontrados nas espécies de macroalgas entre os períodos seco e chuvoso? Foram coletados 1.750 indivíduos classificados em cinco taxa: Echinodermata, Amphipoda, Mollusca, Isopoda e Polychaeta, sendo 723 indivíduos encontrados no período chuvoso (associados à Gracilaria sp.) e 1.028 no período seco (430 em Dictyota sp. e 598 em S. filiformes). macroalgas apesar de serem morfologicamente distintas não apresentaram uma fauna de invertebrados significativamente diferente (p=0,1037), reforçando assim, que a sazonalidade pode ter influenciado a abundância e composição dos táxons de macroinvertebrados. As diferentes macroalgas apresentaram padrões morfológicos distintos e diferentes graus de complexidade de habitat, onde algas mais complexas abrigaram uma fauna de moluscos mais rica, abundante e diversa. Especificamente no caso dos moluscos, a composição de espécies foi tipicamente marinha, cuja riqueza pode ser considerada alta com relação a outros ambientes de manguezal. Além disso, a malacofauna foi composta predominantemente por micromoluscos, cujos tamanhos quando adultos não ultrapassam os 10 mm, e por indivíduos jovens de espécies que atingem um porte maior. Sugere-se que tanto a complexidade do habitat quanto a sazonalidade afetam a riqueza, diversidade e abundância das comunidades associadas. De um modo geral, as macroalgas marinhas oferecem suporte para uma diversidade de táxons marinhos, sendo habitats fundamentais para o aumento da complexidade estrutural subaquática do ecossistema manguezal.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Kling, Lara Gates. "Habitat Utilization and Trophic Interactions by Fauna in a Shallow Estuary: Comparisons between Clam Aquaculture and Natural Sites." W&M ScholarWorks, 2012. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617925.

Full text

Abstract:

Aquaculture of the hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, has steadily increased in the United States over the past 25 years. In some areas, including along Virginia’s coast, this industry has grown to such a scale that aquaculture systems now exist as agroecosystems within coastal waters. Several features of these aquaculture systems, such as high clam densities and protective mesh netting, may modify the availability of habitat, food, and nutrients and may be expected to affect benthic and nektonic community structure. Few studies, however, have evaluated these effects. We conducted seasonal (May – September) sampling in a tidal tributary of Chesapeake Bay in three shallowwater habitat types – clam aquaculture, seagrass beds, and unvegetated bottom. Multiple trophic levels were sampled, including attached macroalgae, resident epibenthos, and mobile demersal and nektonic fishes and crustaceans. We compared biomass and abundance of trophic assemblages across the three habitat types. Trophic linkages were quantified through diet analyses of top predators. Results indicate that less-mobile communities showed more differentiation across the three site types. Assemblages supported by clam aquaculture and seagrass sites tend to be more similar to each other than they are to the assemblages at the unvegetated sites. Prey assemblages demonstrate a distinct shift, however, from May/July to September; during May/July the seagrass site supports the highest biomass and abundance of prey, but in September the clam aquaculture site supports the highest biomass and abundance of prey. This shift seems to correlate with the presence of structure (natural and man-made) within each site. Highly mobile top-predators show little preference among clam aquaculture, seagrass, and unvegetated sites. Diets of top predators do not exhibit a consistent pattern based on the site in which the individual was caught, but the diets of some species do correlate to the prey communities at a specific site. The added structure and organic matter deposition associated with clam aquaculture sites appear to create functional redundancy and temporal variability within Cherrystone Creek, potentially enhancing the stability of the creek system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Thorburn, Dean Colin. "The broad and fine scale habitat associations of the fish fauna of the Blackwood River and it's tributaries." Thesis, Thorburn, Dean Colin (1999) The broad and fine scale habitat associations of the fish fauna of the Blackwood River and it's tributaries. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 1999. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41529/.

Full text

Abstract:

To aid in the reintroduction/recolonisation of native fish into degraded systems, an investigation of their habitat associations is paramount. This study investigated both large scale, i.e. faunal assemblage versus land use (agricultural, plantation, pristine), and fine scale, i.e. faunal assemblage versus instream habitat (snags, riffle, pool etc.), habitat associations of the fish species of the Blackwood River system. A total of 30 sites in the main channel of the Blackwood River were sampled for fish using seine nets, electrofishing equipment and scoop nets, with a further 45 sites sampled in it's tributaries running through agricultural land (15 sites), pine plantation (14) and natural vegetation (16) using these methods. Of the 9990 fish captured, the introduced Gambusia holbrooki and the estuarine Leptatherina wallacei accounted for approximately 50 and 27%, respectively of all fish caught. While G. holbrooki was most abundant in the main channel of the Blackwood River and agricultural sites, L. wallacei was found exclusively in the main channel, as were the other estuarine affiliated species, namely Pseudogobius olorum and Mugil cephalus. These latter species accounted for only 2 and 0.1 % of all fish captured, respectively. The other species confined to the main channel was Tandanus bostocki, which was only captured using gill nets. In contrast, the endemic freshwater species, Edelia vittata and Bostockia porosa were most abundant in the naturally vegetated sites where conductivity was low. The endemic Galaxias occidentalis, however, was found in the majority of sites sampled over a wide range of salinities. The only other endemic species captured during this study was Galaxiella munda, which was captured in low numbers at only three sites. In addition to these species, a further four species, all introduced, were captured, namely Oncorhynchus mykiss, Sa/mo trutta, Perea jluviatilis, and Carassius auratus. These species were only found in low numbers. Of those species caught in sufficient numbers in the tributary sites to allow estimates of fine scale habitat association to be made, B. porosa and E. vittata showed strong affiliations to structure (e.g. snags, macrophytes etc), whereas G. occidentalis showed no preference for structure being consistently found in all habitat types. Each of these species was most commonly found in slow to moderate flows. Although being present in the majority of habitat types, the introduced G. holbrooki appeared to show preference for cover in the form of algae and grass. Furthermore, this species tended to be restricted to areas of very low flow rate. The results of this study show that the salinisation of water bodies in south-western Australia is likely to reduce the abundance of several of the endemic freshwater species, such as £. vittata and B. porosa. While salinity reduction is probably not feasible in many areas of south-western Australia, the simple practice of re-snagging habitats in freshwater systems could ensure the successful re-establishment of native fishes in otherwise degraded areas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Stowasser, Andreas, Tabea Lagemann, Jana Salim, Ines Reichardt, Ines Leuschner, Uta Kleinknecht, and Jan Stegner. "WRRL und FFH in Sachsen – Maßnahmenplanung." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-139489.

Full text

Abstract:

In der Studie wurde eine Maßnahmenplanung zur gemeinsamen Umsetzung der Wasserrahmenrichtlinie (WRRL) und der Fauna-Flora-Habitat-Richtlinie (FFH-RL) unter Berücksichtigung des Biotopverbunds erstellt. Ziel war es, eine optimale Nutzung von Synergieeffekten zu erreichen. Projektgebiet war das FFH-Gebiet »Lossa und Nebengewässer«, das sich überwiegend im Landkreis Leipzig befindet. Mit dem angewendeten Planungsansatz können die finanziellen Aufwendungen bei der praktischen Umsetzung minimiert werden. Zielkonflikte konnten mittels Umsetzbarkeitsanalyse und daraus abgeleiteter Maßnahmenpriorisierung gelöst werden. Die ebenfalls im Rahmen des Projektes erstellte allgemeine Handlungsanleitung (Heft 11/2014 der Schriftenreihe) wurde in dem Pilotgebiet erfolgreich angewendet.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Stowasser, Andreas, Tabea Lagemann, Jana Salim, Ines Reichardt, Ines Leuschner, Uta Kleinknecht, and Jan Stegner. "WRRL und FFH in Sachsen – Handlungsanleitung." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-139494.

Full text

Abstract:

Die Handlungsanleitung ist bei der Planung von Maßnahmen zur gemeinsamen Umsetzung von WRRL, FFH-RL und dem Biotopverbund nutzbar. Sie baut auf verfügbaren Datengrundlagen auf und ist somit allgemein anwendbar. Mit Hilfe des Handlungsleitfadens können Synergieeffekte bestehender Planungen genutzt, Zielkonflikte identifiziert und Lösungsvorschläge aufgezeigt werden. Die Anwendung am konkreten Beispielgebiet »Lossa und Nebengewässer« (siehe Teil 1 – Maßnahmenplanung; Heft 10/2014 der Schriftenreihe) weist die Übertragbarkeit der Methode auf unterschiedliche Gebiete nach.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Perkin, Joshuah Shantee. "Fragmentation in stream networks: quantification, consequences, and implications to decline of native fish fauna." Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14954.

Full text

Abstract:

Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Biology
Keith B. Gido
Habitat fragmentation and loss threaten global biodiversity, but organism responses to changing habitat availability are mediated by structural properties of their habitats. In particular, organisms inhabiting dendritic landscapes with hierarchically arranged branches of habitat tend to have limited access to some patches even in the absence of fragmentation. Consequently, organisms inhabiting dendritic landscapes such as streams respond strongly to fragmentation. Using a combination of meta-analysis, field observations, and ecological network modeling I show that stream fishes respond to fragmentation in predictable ways. First, I addressed how dams and stream dewatering have created a mosaic of large river fragments throughout the Great Plains. Using a geographic information system and literature accounts of population status (i.e., stable, declining, extirpated) for eight “pelagic-spawning” fishes, I found stream fragment length predicted population status (ANOVA, F2,21 = 30.14, P < 0.01) and explained 71% of reported extirpations. In a second study, I applied a new measure of habitat connectivity (the Dendritic Connectivity Index; DCI) to 12 stream networks in Kansas to test the DCI as a predictor of fish response to fragmentation by road crossings. Results indicated fish communities in stream segments isolated by road crossings had reduced species richness (alpha diversity) and greater dissimilarity (beta diversity) to segments that maintained connectivity with the network, and the DCI predicted patterns in community similarity among networks (n = 12; F1,10 = 19.05, r2 = 0.66, P < 0.01). Finally, I modeled fish distributions in theoretical riverscapes to test for mechanistic linkages between fragmentation and local extirpations. Results suggested the number of small fragments predicted declines in patch occupancy, and the magnitude of change in occupancy varied with dispersal ability (“high” dispersers responded more strongly than “low” dispersers). Taken together, these works show context-dependencies in fish responses to fragmentation, but a unifying theme is that small fragments contribute to attenuated biodiversity. Moreover, the predictable manner in which stream fish react to fragmentation will aid in biodiversity conservation by revealing potential responses to future scenarios regarding changes to habitat connectivity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Keitz, Kostja G. von. "Rechtsschutz Privater gegen FFH-Gebiete : eine Untersuchung von nationalen und europäischen Rechtsschutzmöglichkeiten im Zusammenhang mit der Flora-Fauna-Habitat-Richtlinie /." Baden-Baden : Nomos-Verl.-Ges, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2690665&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Keitz, Kostja G. von. "Rechtsschutz Privater gegen FFH-Gebiete eine Untersuchung von nationalen und europäischen Rechtsschutzmöglichkeiten im Zusammenhang mit der Flora-Fauna-Habitat-Richtlinie." Baden-Baden Nomos, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2690665&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Matthäus, Gunther [Verfasser], and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Dieterich. "Evaluation der Richtlinienkonformität von Verträglichkeitsprüfungen nach Artikel 6 Flora-Fauna-Habitat-Richtlinie in der Planungspraxis / Gunther Matthäus. Betreuer: Martin Dieterich." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1027292216/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Ngo, Xuan Nam, Quoc Huy Nguyen, Nguyen Hang Nguyen, Thi Diep Pham, Trong Hoang Mai, Ngoc Ca Lai, Thi Hai Yen Dinh, Van Vinh Nguyen, Duc Giang Le, and Quang Huy Nguyen. "Preliminary data on the aquatic invertebrate fauna of the Ma River, Thanh Hoa province." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-190713.

Full text

Abstract:

A field survey for the invertebrate fauna conducted in the Ma River, Thanh Hoa province in 2013. The research applied multivariable analysis performed by the Primer v.6 software, such as CLUSTER, one-way ANOSIM, BEST and DIVERSE. The results showed a list of 138 aquatic invertebrate species. Of these, most were freshwater wide-distributing species coupled with others characterized for brackish and marine waters. The biodiversity status was quite high compared to several other rivers in the North of Vietnam. The list contained many economic-valued species and 2 of these were listed in the Red Data Book of Vietnam. The aquatic invertebrates showed a significant relation to the two different combinations of physiochemical factors for zooplanktons and zoobenthos, respectively. The values of the species number, abundance and Shannon-Weiner index for both of zooplanktons and zoobenthos showed a curved trend from the upper river segments to lower river segments. These figures for zooplanktons peaked in the middle river segments, whereas the numbers for zoobenthos achieved the highest numbers in the estuaries. The species composition of the estuaries differentiated significantly from that of other freshwater habitats
Năm 2013 đã tiến hành một đợt điều tra khu hệ động vật không xương sống sông Mã, tỉnh Thanh Hóa. Nghiên cứu sử các phân tích đa biến thông qua phần mền Primer v.6, bao gồm: CLUSTER, one-way ANOSIM, BEST và DIVERSE. Kết quả phân tích thu được 138 loài với thành phần loài chủ yếu là những loài nước ngọt thường gặp và phân bố rộng, ngoài ra còn có các loài đặc trưng cho nước lợ và mặn. Trong số các loài thu được, nhiều loài có giá trị kinh tế và 2 loài có tên trong Sách Đỏ Việt Nam. Khu hệ động vật không xương sống sông Mã có quan hệ chặt với hai nhóm chỉ số thủy lý hóa học khác nhau, tương ứng cho động vật nổi và động vật đáy. Giá trị các chỉ số sinh học gồm số lượng loài, mật độ và Shannon-Weiner hồi quy theo đường cong phi tuyến từ thượng lưu tới hạ lưu; đạt giá trị cao nhất tại cửa sông đối với động vật đáy và vùng trung lưu với động vật nổi. Thành phần loài cửa sông khác biệt rõ rệt với thành phần loài các sinh cảnh nước ngọt khác

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Tholen, Hanna [Verfasser]. "Das Artenschutzregime der Flora-Fauna-Habitat-Richtlinie im deutschen Recht. : Umsetzung der europäischen Vorgaben in Gesetzgebung, Auslegung und Vollzug. / Hanna Tholen." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1238433081/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Spreen, Holger. "Bundeskompetenzen bei fehlender Umsetzung des Europarechts durch die Bundesländer - das Beispiel der FFH-Richtlinie /." Göttingen : V & R unipress, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/381912272.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Kassuga, Alexandre Dias. "Distribuição espacial dos juvenis do caranguejo-do-mangue, Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) (Crustacea : brachyura : Ucididae) e a fauna associada às galerias dos adultos nos manguezais de Cabaraquara, Baía de Guaratuba, Paraná, Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/18228.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Ditscherlein, Elke. "Naturschutz- und Jagdrecht : Berührungspunkte und Konflikte zwischen deutschem Naturschutz- und Jagdrecht unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Flora-Fauna-Habitat-Richtlinie und der Vogelschutzrichtlinie /." Berlin : dissertation.de, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sbb-berlin/472229397.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Horlitz, Thomas, Manfred Bathke, and Orfi Anja El. "Ökonomische Bewertung FFH-Maßnahmen - Ökonomische Bewertung von FFH-Maßnahmen zur Ermittlung wirtschaftlicher Nachteile landwirtschaftlicher Unternehmen Sachsens." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1211358013460-78275.

Full text

Abstract:

Die Ingenieurgesellschaft entera wurde von der Sächsischen Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft mit der Bearbeitung des Forschungsvorhabens "Ökonomische Bewertung von FFH-Maßnahmen zur Ermittlung wirtschaftlicher Nachteile landwirtschaftlicher Unternehmen Sachsens" (Forschungsnummer: 040525) beauftragt. Ziel des Vorhabens war eine ökonomische Bewertung von ausgewählten FFH-Maßnahmen in FFH-Gebieten Sachsens. Des Weiteren sollten wirtschaftliche Nachteile, die landwirtschaftlichen Unternehmen auf Grund von Bewirtschaftungsbeschränkungen im Zuge der Umsetzung der FFH-Richtlinie (RL 92/43/EWG) entstehen, unter Berücksichtigung möglicher Anpassungsstrategien auf einzelbetrieblicher Ebene ermittelt werden. Dieses schloss eine Betrachtung der Thematik "Entwertung des Bodens" mit ein. Im vorliegenden Bericht werden die Ergebnisse der gesamtbetrieblichen Kalkulationen sowie die Auswertungen im Hinblick auf eine Entwertung des Bodens dargestellt. Die Ergebnisse der maßnahmenbezogenen ökonomischen Bewertung sind in einem separaten Band (Endbericht Teil 1 - Teilleistung A, behördeninternes Material) zusammengestellt.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Reels, Graham Thomas. "Management strategies for the reed Phragmites australis (CAV.) Steud. at Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve, Hong Kong, with observations on theassociated insect Fauna." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31211835.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Ngo, Xuan Nam, Quoc Huy Nguyen, Nguyen Hang Nguyen, Thi Diep Pham, Trong Hoang Mai, Ngoc Ca Lai, Thi Hai Yen Dinh, Van Vinh Nguyen, Duc Giang Le, and Quang Huy Nguyen. "Preliminary data on the aquatic invertebrate fauna of the Ma River, Thanh Hoa province: Research article." Technische Universität Dresden, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29101.

Full text

Abstract:

A field survey for the invertebrate fauna conducted in the Ma River, Thanh Hoa province in 2013. The research applied multivariable analysis performed by the Primer v.6 software, such as CLUSTER, one-way ANOSIM, BEST and DIVERSE. The results showed a list of 138 aquatic invertebrate species. Of these, most were freshwater wide-distributing species coupled with others characterized for brackish and marine waters. The biodiversity status was quite high compared to several other rivers in the North of Vietnam. The list contained many economic-valued species and 2 of these were listed in the Red Data Book of Vietnam. The aquatic invertebrates showed a significant relation to the two different combinations of physiochemical factors for zooplanktons and zoobenthos, respectively. The values of the species number, abundance and Shannon-Weiner index for both of zooplanktons and zoobenthos showed a curved trend from the upper river segments to lower river segments. These figures for zooplanktons peaked in the middle river segments, whereas the numbers for zoobenthos achieved the highest numbers in the estuaries. The species composition of the estuaries differentiated significantly from that of other freshwater habitats.
Năm 2013 đã tiến hành một đợt điều tra khu hệ động vật không xương sống sông Mã, tỉnh Thanh Hóa. Nghiên cứu sử các phân tích đa biến thông qua phần mền Primer v.6, bao gồm: CLUSTER, one-way ANOSIM, BEST và DIVERSE. Kết quả phân tích thu được 138 loài với thành phần loài chủ yếu là những loài nước ngọt thường gặp và phân bố rộng, ngoài ra còn có các loài đặc trưng cho nước lợ và mặn. Trong số các loài thu được, nhiều loài có giá trị kinh tế và 2 loài có tên trong Sách Đỏ Việt Nam. Khu hệ động vật không xương sống sông Mã có quan hệ chặt với hai nhóm chỉ số thủy lý hóa học khác nhau, tương ứng cho động vật nổi và động vật đáy. Giá trị các chỉ số sinh học gồm số lượng loài, mật độ và Shannon-Weiner hồi quy theo đường cong phi tuyến từ thượng lưu tới hạ lưu; đạt giá trị cao nhất tại cửa sông đối với động vật đáy và vùng trung lưu với động vật nổi. Thành phần loài cửa sông khác biệt rõ rệt với thành phần loài các sinh cảnh nước ngọt khác.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Pinotti, Bruno Trevizan. "Pequenos mamíferos terrestres e a regeneração da Mata Atlântica: influência da estrutura do habitat e da disponibilidade de alimento na recuperação da fauna." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-21052010-103340/.

Full text

Abstract:

Através da amostragem de 28 sítios em diferentes estádios de regeneração em uma área de Mata Atlântica contínua, procuramos nesta dissertação contribuir para o entendimento dos mecanismos relacionados às mudanças faunísticas observadas durante o processo de regeneração em florestas tropicais, e, assim, melhor compreender o valor das florestas secundárias para a conservação da biodiversidade tropical. Para isso, na primeira parte da dissertação investigamos a influência da regeneração sobre características de estrutura da floresta e disponibilidade de alimento consideradas importantes para diversos grupos da fauna. Encontramos maior profundidade do folhiço, volume de galhadas e disponibilidade de frutos de uma abundante palmeira de sub-bosque nas florestas mais maduras, enquanto que nas áreas em estádio mais inicial de regeneração encontramos maior conexão da vegetação, biomassa de artrópodes no solo e disponibilidade de frutos no total e da espécie de planta mais abundante no sub-bosque. Essas modificações podem estar relacionadas às mudanças na fauna observadas durante a regeneração florestal. As espécies que dependem de características só encontradas nas matas mais maduras, como espaços abertos para movimentação, maior complexidade do chão da floresta, ou determinados recursos alimentares poderiam encontrar limitações em áreas em estádios mais iniciais de regeneração, ao passo que espécies que não dependem desses recursos poderiam se beneficiar da maior disponibilidade total de alimentos, ou da maior conexão da vegetação para movimentação, encontradas nessas áreas. Na segunda parte do trabalho, avaliamos a influência da regeneração e de características estruturais e de disponibilidade de alimento sobre espécies endêmicas (especialistas de floresta) e não-endêmicas (generalistas de habitat) de pequenos mamíferos terrestres. Como previsto, observamos que um grupo de espécies (generalistas de habitat) prolifera nas áreas mais jovens, enquanto que o outro grupo (especialistas de floresta) foi mais comum, embora de maneira mais sutil, nas áreas mais maduras. Esses padrões foram em parte explicados pelas variáveis mensuradas, principalmente a disponibilidade de recursos alimentares. Aparentemente, as espécies generalistas estão se beneficiando da maior disponibilidade de alimentos encontrada nas áreas em estádio mais inicial de regeneração, enquanto que as especialistas possuem maior capacidade de ocupação das áreas mais maduras, onde esses recursos são mais escassos. Portanto, esses resultados sugerem um compromisso (trade-off) entre capacidade competitiva e capacidade de utilização de recursos 101 abundantes, como prevê o mecanismo de nicho sucessional, proposto inicialmente para explicar a sucessão de espécies vegetais. As características encontradas nas florestas mais jovens favoreceram a proliferação de espécies de pequenos mamíferos terrestres generalistas de habitat. Entretanto, o efeito positivo da regeneração florestal sobre as espécies especialistas, de maior interesse para a conservação, foi menos acentuado, de forma que as florestas secundárias abrigaram uma assembléia de pequenos mamíferos terrestres rica, podendo, portanto, representar um importante instrumento de aumento de área e conectividade em paisagens altamente modificadas, como as encontradas na Mata Atlântica. Entretanto, esses resultados não reduzem o valor das florestas maduras, principalmente em paisagens fragmentadas e para grupos mais sensíveis da fauna. Essas florestas devem ser protegidas, assim como deve ser garantida (e se preciso auxiliada) a regeneração das florestas secundárias, para que possam adquirir em longo prazo as condições necessárias à manutenção das espécies e dos grupos de espécies da fauna mais severamente afetados pela secundarização das florestas tropicais.
By sampling 28 sites in different regeneration stages in a continuous Atlantic forest area, in this master thesis we aimed to contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms associated with the wildlife changes observed during tropical forest regeneration, and thereby better understand the value of secondary forests for the conservation of tropical biodiversity. In the first part of the thesis we investigated the influence of regeneration on aspects of forest structure and food availability considered to be important to several wildlife groups. We found deeper leaf litter, and higher woody debris volume and fruit availability of an abundant understorey palm in the older-growth areas, while in areas in earlier stages we found higher vegetation connection, higher ground-dwelling arthropod biomass, total fruit availability, and availability of fruits of the most abundant understorey plant species. These modifications may be related to the wildlife changes observed during forest regeneration. Species that rely on features only found in older-growth forests, such as open space for movement, higher complexity of the forest floor, or certain food resources, could find limitations in younger forests, whereas species which do not depend on these resources could benefit from the higher total food availability, or higher 102 vegetation connection for movements, found in these areas. In the second part of the study, we assessed the effect of regeneration and of structural attributes and food availability on endemic (forest specialist) and non-endemic (habitat generalist) terrestrial small mammal species. As expected, we found that a group of species (habitat generalists) proliferate in younger areas, while the other group (forest specialists) is more common, although more subtly, in older-growth areas. These patterns were partly explained by the measured variables, especially food availability. Apparently, the generalist species are benefiting from the increased food availability found in younger forests, while specialist species have greater ability to occupy older-growth areas, where these resources are scarcer. Therefore, our data suggest a trade-off between competitive ability and ability to use abundant resources, as predicted by the successional niche mechanism, initially proposed to explain the succession of plant species. The characteristics observed in younger forests favored the proliferation of habitat generalist terrestrial small mammals. However, the positive effect of forest regeneration on specialist species, of more conservation concern, was less pronounced, so that the secondary forests harbored a rich terrestrial small mammal assemblage, and may therefore be an important tool to increase the area and connectivity in highly modified landscapes, such as those found in the Atlantic forest. However, these results do not diminish the value of old-growth forests, especially in fragmented landscapes and for more sensitive wildlife groups. These forests should be protected, as well as the regeneration of the secondary forests should be guaranteed (and assisted, if necessary), so that these areas could acquire in the long term the necessary conditions to maintain the species and the groups of species most adversely affected by the secondarization of the tropical forests.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Bueno, Adriana de Arruda. "Pequenos mamíferos da Mata Atlântica do Planalto Atlântico Paulista: uma avaliação da ameaça de extinção e da resposta a alterações no contexto e tamanho dos remanescentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-02122008-151118/.

Full text

Abstract:

Por meio de uma amostragem padrozinada de longa duração, realizamos levantamentos de pequenos mamíferos com armadilhas de interceptação e queda em 68 sítios distribuídos em seis paisagens de 10.000 ha (três em mata contínua e três em paisagens fragmentadas) localizadas em três regiões do Planalto Atlântico Paulista. As paisagens fragmentadas compreendem diferentes quantidades de matas remanescentes, 50%, 30% e 10%, porcentagens acima e próximas dos limites superior e inferior do limiar teórico de fragmentação (10-30%). A presente tese de doutoramento foi dividida em quatro capítulos e duas abordagens principais. A primeira delas (Capítulo 2) teve por objetivo avaliar se os pequenos mamíferos listados como ameaçados de extinção são afetados pela fragmentação e pela qualidade dos remanescentes de Mata Atlântica do Planalto Atlântico Paulista. Para isso, utilizamos os dados coletados nos 68 sítios amostrados, os quais estavam distribuídos em oito categorias: nove em matas maduras contínuas, nove em matas secundárias contínuas, quatro em fragmentos grandes e 11 em fragmentos pequenos da paisagem com 50% de remanescentes, sete em fragmentos grandes e 13 em fragmentos pequenos da paisagem com 30% de remanescentes, e quatro em fragmentos grandes e 11 em fragmentos pequenos da paisagem com 10% de remanescentes. Avaliamos se 10 espécies de pequenos mamíferos listados como ameaçados de extinção e cinco espécies endêmicas comuns nas mata contínuas e ausentes das listas vermelhas são afetados igualmente pela fragmentação, na escala da paisagem e da mancha, e pela qualidade dos remanescentes de Mata Atlântica. Nenhuma das espécies analisadas, independentemente do grau de ameaça ou de raridade, respondeu a variação do estádio de regeneração das matas contínuas. Por outro lado, nossos dados mostraram que as espécies endêmicas comuns respondem de forma mais congruente e negativamente à perda e fragmentação da Mata Atlântica do que as ameaçadas, as quais tanto podem não ser afetadas quanto ser positivamente ou negativamente afetadas pela fragmentação. Assim, sugerimos a separação das espécies em dois grupos nas listas vermelhas (naturalmente raras versus afetadas pelas ações antrópicas) e a utilização de outros critérios para avaliar o status de ameaça das espécies mais comuns, como a resposta à perda e fragmentação do habitat e a especificidade ao habitat na forma de endemismos e de grau de tolerância a matriz. A segunda abordagem (Capítulo 3) teve como objetivo verificar a influência do contexto (paisagem) e do tamanho do fragmento em paisagens com quantidades diferentes de remanescentes sobre a riqueza e abundância de espécies endêmicas e não-endêmicas. Para isso, utilizamos dados de 50 dos 68 fragmentos amostrados, localizados nas três paisagens 114 fragmentadas com 50%, 30% e 10% de remanescentes. A partir da avaliação da plausibilidade de oito modelos de regressão, que expressam visões teóricas alternativas da importância do contexto e da área dos fragmentos, investigamos se a influência positiva da área das manchas de floresta é mais forte (1) para as espécies endêmicas e (2) na paisagem próxima ao limite superior do limiar de fragmentação (sensu Andrén, 1994), já que em contexto de muita mata remanescente, fragmentos pequenos e grandes poderiam abrigar populações viáveis, e em contexto de pouca mata remanescente, espécies sensíveis já teriam desaparecido. Com exceção da riqueza de espécies não-endêmicas, modelos que incluem o contexto foram as hipóteses mais plausíveis para descrever a variação da riqueza e abundância das espécies de pequenos mamíferos. Como esperado, a influência positiva da área do fragmento foi mais importante na paisagem com 30% de floresta para a maioria das espécies de pequenos mamíferos endêmicos, enquanto que os modelos que incluem a influência da área do fragmento não estiveram entre os mais plausíveis para as espécies não-endêmicas. Nossos resultados corroboram a existência de um limiar de fragmentação e indicam que, ainda que os limiares variem entre espécies, é possível identificar grupos com respostas semelhantes à perda e fragmentação do habitat, auxiliando as políticas de manejo e conservação.
A long-term standardized survey of the Atlantic Forest small mammals was conducted using pitfall traps in 68 sites distributed in six 10.000-ha landscapes (three in continuous forest and three in fragmented landscapes) located in three regions in the Atlantic Plateau of São Paulo. The fragmented landscapes harbored different amounts of remnants, 50%, 30% and 10%, percentages above or within the superior and inferior limits of the theoretical fragmentation threshold (10-30%). This thesis was divided in four chapters e two main approaches. The first approach (Chapter 2) aimed to evaluate if small mammals listed as threatened were affected by forest fragmentation and quality in the Atlantic Plateau of São Paulo state. For this, we used data from 68 sites distributed in eight categories: nine in mature continuous forests, nine in secondary continuous forests, four in large and 11 in small patches in the landscape with 50% of remnants, seven in large and 13 in small patches in the landscape with 30% of remnants and four in large and 11 in small patches in the landscape with 10% of remnants. We investigated if 10 threatened small mammals and five non-threatened endemic species commonly found in continuous forests were equally affected by fragmentation, at the landscape and patch scales, and by forest quality. Regardless of threat or rarity level, no analyzed species responded to differences in the regeneration stage in continuous forests. On the other hand, our data showed that common endemic species respond more strongly and negatively to the loss and fragmentation of the Atlantic Forest than threatened species, which either may not be affected by fragmentation, or be positively or negatively affected. we suggest separating species in two groups (naturally rare versus affected by human impact) in the Red Lists and including different criteria to evaluate common species such as response to habitat loss and fragmentation as well as habitat specificity in terms of endemism and level of matrix tolerance. The second approach (Chapter 3) aimed to evaluate the effects of context (landscape) and patch area in landscapes with different amounts of remnants on the richness and abundance of the endemic and non-endemic species. We used data from 50 sites located in the three fragmented landscapes. By analyzing the plausibility of eight regression models, which express alternative theoretical hypothesis about the importance of context and patch area, we investigate if the positive influence of patch area was stronger (1) for endemic species and (2) in the landscape within the superior limit of the fragmentation threshold (sensu Andrén, 1994), since in a context of high proportion of remnants, small and large patches could harbor viable populations and in a context of low proportion of remnants, sensitive species would have gone extinct. Except for the non116 endemic species richness, the models including context were the most plausible hypothesis to describe small mammal richness and abundance variations. As expected, the positive influence of patch area was more important in the landscape with 30% of remnants for the majority of the endemic small mammals, whereas the models including patch area were not among the most plausible ones for the non-endemic species. Our data corroborate the existence of a fragmentation threshold and point out that, although thresholds vary among species, it is possible to identify groups with similar response to habitat loss and fragmentation, directing management and conservation policies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Ciocheti, Giordano. "Spatial and temporal influences of road duplication on wildlife road kill using habitat suitability models." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1835.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:30:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6375.pdf: 3644148 bytes, checksum: 0c523a46402b21e66619abbb9b0c93af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-05
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Urban growth and population growth led to the construction of a gigantic road network around the world. This network is responsible for several impacts on fauna, flora and the environment, such as road kill, isolation of populations, facilitating the establishment of invasive species, river siltation, among others. However, although road ecology has advanced recently, there are still many gaps on how roads affect fauna, as little is known about how effects of changing the structure of highways can modify animal-vehicle collisions. This study aims to evaluate some of the impacts of roads on species of medium and large mammals in fragmented and naturally heterogeneous landscapes. Using a functional group approach based on animal sensitivity to disturbance and displacement capacity, I set out to answer three questions, one in each chapter: 1) the contribution of various landscape indices to predict wildlife road kill; 2) highway duplication and the implementation of wildlife crossing structures alter animal road kill; 3) duplication of roads change the way fauna road kill is correlated with the landscape metrics. To answer the first and third questions, we have developed innovative methods combining road kill data with a multi-scale approach with landscape metrics involving quantity and distance of various landscape elements, such as natural vegetation, cerrado, water, forestry and sugar cane. This method proposed was derived from habitat suitability model, and proved very promising for estimating the probability of animal road kill. Each functional group of species responded differently to landscape elements. Distance and amount of vegetation has been more important to estimate road kill probability of more sensitive mammals, but the amount of sugar cane also contributed to these results. The proposed method is highly replicable and can be easily applied in other regions with other taxa. The second question was addressed in an analytical way, with a conventional hypothesis testing approach. We found that, in general, there was no significant difference between road kill before and after road duplication. However, when considering the functional groups, and even species, some changes were significant for both increasing and reducing road kill. We also found that the proximity of wildlife crossing structures to road kill records did not reduce the frequency of animal-vehicle collision, indicating that such mitigation measures may not have been appropriate to reduce animal road mortality. Finally, in the third chapter we have proposed a new approach to estimate the changes in animal road kill probability before and after duplication of highways. In this chapter we recorded an increase in the probability of road kill after duplication for generalist species with high mobility. The methods proposed here are easy to implement in several actions related to roads, both for seeking their structural improvement and for making them more sustainable for biodiversity.
O crescimento urbano e o aumento populacional levaram a construção de uma gigantesca malha rodoviária ao redor do mundo. Essa malha é responsável por diversos impactos causados sobre a fauna, meio físico e flora, tais como: atropelamentos, isolamento de populações, facilitação no estabelecimento de espécies invasoras, assoreamento de rios, entre outros. Entretanto, embora a ecologia de estradas tenha avançado recentemente, ainda existem muitas lacunas sobre como elas afetam a fauna, da mesma forma que pouco se sabe sobre como os efeitos da mudança na estrutura das rodovias podem modificar o atropelamento de animais. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar alguns dos impactos das rodovias sobre espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte em paisagens fragmentadas e naturalmente heterogêneas. Utilizando uma abordagem de grupos funcionais baseados na sensibilidade à perturbação e na capacidade de deslocamento, me propus a responder três perguntas, sendo cada uma um capítulo: 1) qual a contribuição de diversos índices de paisagem para prever o atropelamento de fauna; 2) a duplicação das rodovias e a implementação de passagens de fauna alteram a taxa de atropelamentos dos animais; 3) a duplicação das rodovias altera a maneira que os atropelamentos de fauna são correlacionados com as métricas da paisagem. Para responder a primeira e terceira perguntas, desenvolvemos métodos inovadores combinando aos dados de atropelamentos, uma abordagem multi-escala de métricas da paisagem envolvendo quantidade e distância de diversos elementos da paisagem, como vegetação natural, cerrado, água, silvicultura e cana-de-açúcar. O método proposto no primeiro capítulo, derivado do modelo de adequabilidade de habitat, se mostrou bastante promissor para estimar a probabilidade de atropelamentos. Cada grupo funcional de espécies respondeu de forma diferente aos elementos da paisagem. Distância e quantidade de vegetação foram mais importantes para prever o atropelamento de mamíferos mais sensíveis, mas quantidade de cana de açúcar também contribuiu para os resultados. O método proposto apresenta alta replicabilidade e pode ser utilizado facilmente em outras regiões e para outros táxons. A segunda pergunta foi abordada de forma mais analítica, com uma abordagem de teste de hipótese convencional. Verificamos que, de modo geral, não houve diferença significativa entre os atropelamentos antes e depois da duplicação da estrada. Entretanto, ao se considerar os grupos funcionais, e mesmo as espécies, algumas alterações foram significativas tanto para o aumento e redução de atropelamentos, conforme o foco da análise. Ainda neste capítulo verificamos que a proximidade das passagens de fauna aos atropelamentos não reduziu a taxa de atropelamento, indicando que tais medidas de mitigação podem não estar sendo apropriadas para reduzir a mortalidade por atropelamentos. Por fim, no terceiro capítulo propusemos uma nova abordagem para estimar as mudanças dos atropelamentos antes e depois da duplicação das rodovias. Neste capítulo registramos um aumento na probabilidade de atropelamento de espécies depois da duplicação para espécies generalistas e com maior mobilidade. O uso dos métodos propostos neste trabalho são de fácil implementação em diversas ações relacionadas a estradas, tanto visando sua melhoria estrutural quanto para torná-las mais sustentáveis para a biodiversidade.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Schrader, Christian. "Die kommunalen Spitzenverbände und der Schutz der kommunalen Selbstverwaltungsgarantie durch Verfahren und Verfahrensgestaltung /." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verl.-Ges, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/38998552X.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Williams, Patrick. "Range retraction and the habitat selection of the western Partridge Pigeon (Geophaps smithii blaauwi) in the north-western Kimberley region, Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2613.

Full text

Abstract:

The northern savannas are one of the largest biomes in Australia, extending across northern and north-eastern Australia, and its vegetation has been extensively altered as a result of pastoralism and inappropriate fire regimes following the loss of indigenous fire management (Fraser, 2001; Legge et al., 2019). Small-medium sized mammals and granivorous birds are the most at-risk taxonomic groups (Franklin, 1999; Franklin et al., 2005; Murphy et al., 2010; Woinarski et al., 2010; Woinarski et al., 2013), and this has largely been attributed to unsuitable fire management, predation by feral cats, grazing by introduced herbivores, cane toads and invasive grasses (Fraser, 2001; Legge et al., 2019; Woinarski et al., 2010). The Partridge Pigeon (Geophaps smithii) is a granivorous bird species endemic to the northern savannas of Australia and has faced major declines disappearing from half of its pre-European distribution (Davies et al., 2019; Franklin, 1999; Fraser et al., 2003), largely due to changes in burning regimes, grazing by exotic herbivores and predation by feral cats. As a result, the Partridge Pigeon is an excellent model species for examining savanna management practices (Davies et al., 2019; Fraser et al., 2003). The aims of this study were: 1) to quantify the changes in the distribution of G. s. blaauwi over time; 2) to assess these changes against IUCN criteria to re-evaluate the species’ current conservation status; 3) to determine the land tenure across the species’ current distribution to evaluate the importance of Indigenous owned and managed lands in the protection of this species; 4) to understand habitat selection of G. s. blaauwi and the influence of fire regimes on habitat selection at landscape scales; 5) and lastly to understand the influence of fine-scale variables on G. s. blaauwi habitat selection. Following my analysis of the changes of G. s. blaauwi range over time I determined that it should still be classed as Vulnerable based on IUCN criteria but recommended that more surveys be undertaken to better assess the poorly surveyed areas of their distribution. Analysis of land tenure indicated that this species mostly occurs on Native Title land (93%) and in areas under Indigenous Protected Areas management (49%). I highlight the importance of Indigenous owned and managed lands for protection of G. s. blaauwi and emphasises the critical role IPA and conservation areas may play in the protection of biodiversity and threatened species in Australia. Next, I was able to determine that the most important geological and vegetation structures for G. s. blaauwi are woodland and open woodland areas that occur on alluvium and colluvium. This allowed me to develop a clear conceptual model of what habitats and fire management practices are required to support G. s. blaauwi populations. Lastly, my investigations of fine-scale habitat variables found none of the assessed variables influenced G. s. blaauwi site occupancy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Tschersich, Thilo. "Folgen der Flora-Fauna-Habitat-Richtlinie für die Forstwirtschaft in Baden-Württemberg Untersuchung der Umsetzung mit besonderer Beachtung der Naturräume "Schwäbische Alb" und "Schwäbisches Keuper-Lias-Land" /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11514055.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Bannock, C. A. "Implications of past and future vegetation change for the lizard fauna of Motunau Island." Lincoln University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/442.

Full text

Abstract:

Abundance, distribution and habitat preferences of the lizard species present on Motunau Island, off the Canterbury coast of New Zealand, were investigated. The aim of the study was to investigate the extent to which recent vegetation change on Motunau Island has effected the lizard community and what implications this has for the future management of the Island. Three species of lizard occur on Motunau Island; the common gecko (Hoplodactylus maculatus), common skink (Oligosoma nigriplantare polychroma) and spotted skink (O. lineoocellatum). Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were present on the island from 1862 until their eradication in 1962. Since then, vegetation on the island has changed from being tussock-dominated to being dominated by exotic weeds. Data from lizard pitfall trap surveys carried out in 1967-75 by Tony Whitaker of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) were compared with new pitfall trapping data to determine if changes in the lizard population had occurred in response to these vegetation changes. The abundance of O. n. polychroma and H. maculatus does not appear to change significantly. The distribution of these two species were significantly correlated but neither showed any preference for a particular type. The abundance of O. lineoocellatum was significantly greater in 1996/97 than in the earlier DSlR surveys. This could be a result of the vegetation becoming more open and more structurally complex since the early surveys. This would offer greater opportunities for O. lineoocellatum (which is strongly heliothermic) to thermoregulate and forage. O. lineoocellatum showed no consistent significant preference towards any habitat type, although they tended to be found more in 'margin' habitat. Research into pitfall trapping and the way lizard behaviour may influence pitfall trapping data needs to be undertaken as there is a possible trap bias in this study. Management of Motunau Island needs to ensure that a structurally complex environment is maintained to ensure high numbers of all three lizard species can continue to coexist.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Martins, Ivan Carlos Fernandes [UNESP]. "Análise de fauna, flutuação populacional e preferência pelo hábitat de Carabidae e Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) na região de Guaíra, Estado de São Paulo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91340.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:13:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_icf_me_jabo.pdf: 372548 bytes, checksum: 2ee0314d5eb31227265d8320773aa3d8 (MD5)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Amostrou-se adultos de Carabidae e Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) em duas áreas com fragmento florestal e cultura de soja/milho sob sistemas de plantio direto e convencional visando estudar a fauna desses coleópteros por meio de vários índices e analisar a flutuação populacional de espécies dominantes. Avaliou-se também a preferência e distribuição pelo hábitats estudados. As amostragens foram realizadas no período de novembro/2004 a abril/2007 em Guaíra, SP, sendo quinzenal no período de safra e mensal nas entressafras. Para a obtenção das amostras utilizou-se armadilhas de solo distribuídas em dois transectos de 200 m de comprimento, sendo 100 m na cultura e 100 m no fragmento. A fauna foi caracterizada pelos índices de diversidade, equitabilidade, abundância, dominância, freqüência e constância. A preferência das espécies pelo hábitat foi obtida por análise de agrupamento. A distribuição das espécies pelos hábitats foi determinada considerando-se os adultos capturados por armadilha ao longo do transecto. No sistema de plantio direto capturou-se maior número de espécies de carabídeos e estafilinídeos e os índices de equitabilidade e diversidade, indicaram que além de mais diversificada, apresentou abundância relativa das espécies mais homogênea que quando comparada com a observada no sistema de plantio convencional. Entre as espécies de carabídeos destacou-se Abaris basistriatus por ter se caracterizado como dominante na cultura e fragmento florestal das duas áreas experimentais. As espécies Scarites sp.4 e A. basistriatus geralmente apresentaram picos populacionais quando a cultura de soja contava menos de 30 dias de implantação, as demais espécies apresentaram picos populacionais que ocorreram em períodos variados das safras. A precipitação pluvial foi o fator meteorológico que apresentou maior número de correlações positivas seguida...
In this study it was sampled adults of Carabidae and Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) in two areas with forest fragment and soybean/corn crop in no-tillage and conventional tillage systems seeking to study the fauna of those coleopterons through several indexes and to analyze the population fluctuation of dominant species. It was also evaluated the preference and distribution by the studied habitats. The samplings were taken from november/2004 to april/2007 in Guaíra, SP, being biweekly in the crop period and monthly in the off-season crop. In order to obtain the samples it was used pitfall traps distributed in two transects of 200 m of length, being 100 m in the arable field and 100 m in the fragment. The fauna was characterized by the diversity indexes, equitability, abundance, dominance, frequency and constancy. The preference of the species for the habitat was obtained by cluster analysis. The distribution of the species for the habitats was determined considering the adults captured by trap along the transect. In the no-tillage system it was captured the largest number of carabid and staphylinid species, the equitability and diversity indexes indicated that the community of those beetles was shown best structured in that crop system when compared with the one observed in the conventional system. Among the carabid species it can be highlighted Abaris basistriatus for being characterized as dominant in the arable field and forest fragment of the two experimental areas. The species Scarites sp.4 and A. basistriatus usually presented population picks when the soybean crop counted less than 30 days of implantation, the other species showed population picks that happened in varied periods of the crops. The pluvial precipitation was the meteorological factor that presented the largest number of positive correlations proceeded by the minimum temperature of the ambient ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Abid, Muhammad. "Ecological role of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium graminearum : consequences of the presence of deoxynivalenol (DON) in crop residues on the soil microflora and soil fauna." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOS116/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Fusarium graminearum est un champignon pathogène des plantes, responsable de la fusariose de l'épi (plus connue sous le nom de Fusarium Head Blight : FHB) sur céréales, notamment sur le blé et le maïs. En interaction avec la plante, le champignon produit des mycotoxines, parmi lesquellse le déoxynivalénol (DON), dont la finalité pour le champignon producteur est méconnue mais qui sont toxiques pour les humains et les animaux. Ainsi la qualité des grains contribue fortement aux pertes de rendement observées et les résidus contaminés restent au champ. Une première revue bibliographique (Leplat et al 2012) a mis en évidence l'importance des résidus de culture (habitat écologique) pour la survie saprophyte du champignon, pour sa reproduction sexuée et pour l'établissement de l'inoculum primaire susceptible d'infecter la prochaine culture. Une seconde revue bibliographique a souligné les lacunes en ce qui concerne le rôle que les mycotoxines pourraient jouer dans la survie de F. graminearum dans un cet habitat. L'objectif principal de cette thèse était donc de vérifier si la présence de mycotoxines dans les résidus de récolte donne un avantage compétitif à F. graminearum vis-à-vis des composantes biotiques du sol et des résidus et notamment les champignons, les bactéries, les protozoaires, les nématodes et les vers de terre. L'impact du DON sur ces différentes communautés a été évalué dans des résidus de maïs et de blé, au champ et en microcosmes, en condition de labour et de travail superficiel du sol. Le développement de la maladie et ses conséquences sur le rendement ont été observés dans l'expérience de terrain à l'Unité Expérimentale de l'INRA de Dijon.Au cours de cette étude, la survie et les dynamiques de développement de la souche modèle d'étude F. graminearum MIAE00376 et des communautés fongiques et bactériennes ont été mesurées en utilisant la réaction de polymérisation en chaîne en temps réel (Q-PCR) ainsi que par comptage sur boîtes. Dans le même temps, l'évolution des structures des communautés microbiennes a été déterminée par analyse du polymorphisme de longueur des fragments de restriction terminaux (T-RFLP). Les nématodes et les vers de terre ont été quantifiés par extraction et observations à l'œil ou a la loupe binoculaire. Le DON introduit dans le sol et les résidus a été extrait et quantifié au cours du temps par chromatographie liquide haute performance (CLHP). Des dynamiques de population de la souche MIAE00376 associée à différents microorganismes isolés de paille en décomposition et sélectionnés pour leur résistance au DON, à des bactéries fixatrice d'azote et à des Fusarium sp. appartenant au complexe fongique du FHB ont été mesurées en microcosmes de paille en présence ou non de DONLes résultats suggèrent que le DON dans les résidus de culture a une incidence sur les composantes biotiques du sol, mais l'impact dépend des communautés et de la localisation des résidus (en surface ou incorporés dans le sol). La biomasse moléculaire montre que les densités bactériennes et fongiques ont été significativement affectées par la présence de DON. La présence de DON a joué un rôle significatif sur la structure des communautés bactériennes et protozoaires, plus faible sur les communautés fongiques et nul sur les nématodes voire positif sur les vers de terre.Il est conclu que le DON est rapidement inaccessible en profondeur et un peu moins rapidement en surface (immobilisation ou dégradation), qu'il ne confère pas d'avantage compétitif au champignon producteur et que la gestion de l'habitat privilégié que constituent les résidus de culture pour F. graminearum peut être envisagée par le travail du sol en favorisant la décomposition rapide des résidus, par le labour ou l'utilisation d'organismes décomposeurs indigènes ou introduits
Fusarium graminearum is a plant pathogenic fungus, causing devastating disease “Fusarium head blight” (FHB) in cereals including wheat and maize. It also contaminates the grains with mycotoxins including deoxynivalenol (DON) which are toxic to human and animals. This disease has resulted in the serious losses in grain yield and quality. We established through a first bibliographic review that during off season fungus survives saprophytically on the crop residues (ecological habitat) and serves as primary inoculum for the next season crop. However, we noticed also that the literature was poor about the role mycotoxins could play in the establishment of F. graminearum in such a habitat. The main aim of this thesis was therefore to test whether the presence of mycotoxins in the crop residues gives an advantage to F. graminearum to survive and develop a primary inoculum in the presence of the whole soil biota including fungi, bacteria, protozoa, nematodes and earthworms. We studied the impact of DON on the soil communities in the field as well as in microcosms, in wheat as well as in maize residues under tillage and no-tillage conditions. The disease development and the yield were noted in the field experiment. Some DON resistant active fungal decomposers and nitrogen fixing bacteria were picked and the dynamics of F. graminearum was observed by accelerating decomposition of crop residue in their presence, in the presence or absence of DON.During this study, the dynamic and survival of F. graminearum and total fungal and bacterial communities were examined by using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as well as by plate counting. At the same time, the structures of microbial communities were determined by using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (T-RFLP). The DON resistance of isolated fungal decomposers and nitrogen fixers was tested by using minimal inhibitory concentration test (MIC). Nematodes and earthworms were quantified through binocular observations. The fate of DON was determined by quantifying the mycotoxin by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The results suggested that DON in crop residues showed an impact on the biotic components of the soil but the impact depended on the communities and on the location of the residues (on surface or incorporated in the soil). The molecular biomass shows that the fungal and bacterial densities were significantly affected by the presence of DON. The presence of DON played significant role on the structure of bacterial and protozoan community while the nematodes and fungal communities remained unaffected. MIC results showed that the susceptibility of some competitive fungal strains towards DON was dependent on the dose of mycotoxin. The earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) were not affected by the presence of mycotoxin. The degradation of DON in the residues was dependent on the time, the location of residues and the soil biota. The quantification of F. graminearum suggested that the presence of DON gave no advantage in the survival and development of primary inoculum during the decomposition of crop residues in the soil. We conclude that fungal decomposers can be selected on their enzymatic potential towards organic matter more than on the DON resistance to increase the degradation of the straw left at the surface and limit the subsequent development of F. graminearum

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Martins, Ivan Carlos Fernandes. "Análise de fauna, flutuação populacional e preferência pelo hábitat de Carabidae e Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) na região de Guaíra, Estado de São Paulo /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91340.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Francisco Jorge Cividanes
Banca: José Carlos Barbosa
Banca: Amarildo Pasini
Resumo: Amostrou-se adultos de Carabidae e Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) em duas áreas com fragmento florestal e cultura de soja/milho sob sistemas de plantio direto e convencional visando estudar a fauna desses coleópteros por meio de vários índices e analisar a flutuação populacional de espécies dominantes. Avaliou-se também a preferência e distribuição pelo hábitats estudados. As amostragens foram realizadas no período de novembro/2004 a abril/2007 em Guaíra, SP, sendo quinzenal no período de safra e mensal nas entressafras. Para a obtenção das amostras utilizou-se armadilhas de solo distribuídas em dois transectos de 200 m de comprimento, sendo 100 m na cultura e 100 m no fragmento. A fauna foi caracterizada pelos índices de diversidade, equitabilidade, abundância, dominância, freqüência e constância. A preferência das espécies pelo hábitat foi obtida por análise de agrupamento. A distribuição das espécies pelos hábitats foi determinada considerando-se os adultos capturados por armadilha ao longo do transecto. No sistema de plantio direto capturou-se maior número de espécies de carabídeos e estafilinídeos e os índices de equitabilidade e diversidade, indicaram que além de mais diversificada, apresentou abundância relativa das espécies mais homogênea que quando comparada com a observada no sistema de plantio convencional. Entre as espécies de carabídeos destacou-se Abaris basistriatus por ter se caracterizado como dominante na cultura e fragmento florestal das duas áreas experimentais. As espécies Scarites sp.4 e A. basistriatus geralmente apresentaram picos populacionais quando a cultura de soja contava menos de 30 dias de implantação, as demais espécies apresentaram picos populacionais que ocorreram em períodos variados das safras. A precipitação pluvial foi o fator meteorológico que apresentou maior número de correlações positivas seguida ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In this study it was sampled adults of Carabidae and Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) in two areas with forest fragment and soybean/corn crop in no-tillage and conventional tillage systems seeking to study the fauna of those coleopterons through several indexes and to analyze the population fluctuation of dominant species. It was also evaluated the preference and distribution by the studied habitats. The samplings were taken from november/2004 to april/2007 in Guaíra, SP, being biweekly in the crop period and monthly in the off-season crop. In order to obtain the samples it was used pitfall traps distributed in two transects of 200 m of length, being 100 m in the arable field and 100 m in the fragment. The fauna was characterized by the diversity indexes, equitability, abundance, dominance, frequency and constancy. The preference of the species for the habitat was obtained by cluster analysis. The distribution of the species for the habitats was determined considering the adults captured by trap along the transect. In the no-tillage system it was captured the largest number of carabid and staphylinid species, the equitability and diversity indexes indicated that the community of those beetles was shown best structured in that crop system when compared with the one observed in the conventional system. Among the carabid species it can be highlighted Abaris basistriatus for being characterized as dominant in the arable field and forest fragment of the two experimental areas. The species Scarites sp.4 and A. basistriatus usually presented population picks when the soybean crop counted less than 30 days of implantation, the other species showed population picks that happened in varied periods of the crops. The pluvial precipitation was the meteorological factor that presented the largest number of positive correlations proceeded by the minimum temperature of the ambient ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Mestre

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Ferronato, Michelli Caroline. "Influência das características fisiográficas sobre a estrutura e composição da comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos em duas ecorregiões neotropicais." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2012. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1929.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:13:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Michelli Carolina Ferronato.pdf: 725223 bytes, checksum: b229eec1bf9717c15bc56d484e0aa987 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-28
Ecoregion is an area that has the same physiographic characteristics (climate, geology, soil altitude, characteristics and land cover, vegetation) in a given region. This study aims to investigate the differences of the macroinvertebrate community in two ecoregions different of Paraná. Specifically we aim to answer: i) the physiographic characteristics of each ecoregion influence the structure and attributes of the benthic macroinvertebrate community? ii) What physiographic characteristics influence on the community? iii) The classification of functional groups is similar among ecoregions? iv) It is possible to identify groups indicators for each ecoregion? Macroinvertebrates were collected in two ecoregions of Paraná, 6 rivers in each ecoregion located in two protected areas (State Park Guartelá (PEG) and Iguaçu National Park (PNI)). To collect biological, used a collector type Hand-net, in addition, physical and chemical samples of the water were measured (pH, dissolved oxygen, altitude, water temperature, alkalinity, hardness, total nitrogen and total phosphorus) and analysis of the substrate. As a result, the ANOVA showed no significant differences between the ecoregions as attributes, however, the structure was different according to the PCA. Functional groups had the same composition, but with different percentages for each ecoregion. The indicator taxa of PEG were Baetidae, Aeshnidae, Coenagrionidae, Chironomidae and Ceratopogonidae and for the PNI, the indicator taxa were Leptohyphidae, Caenidae, Perlidae, Pleidae and Psephenidae. Thus, we conclude that the ecoregions were different as macroinvertebrate community structure due to the influence of the physical environment.
Ecorregião é uma área que possui as mesmas características fisiográficas (clima, geologia, solos, altitude e características de cobertura do solo, vegetação) em uma determinada região. Este estudo tem por objetivo verificar as diferenças da comunidade de macroinvertebrados em duas ecorregiões do Paraná. Especificamente objetiva-se responder: i) As características fisiográficas de cada ecorregião influenciam na estrutura e atributos da comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos? ii) Quais características fisiográficas exercem influência sobre a comunidade? iii) A classificação dos grupos funcionais é semelhante entre as ecorregiões? iv) É possível identificar grupos indicadores para cada ecorregião? Foram coletados macroinvertebrados em duas ecorregiões do Paraná, sendo 6 rios em cada ecorregião localizados em duas Unidades de Conservação (Parque Estadual do Guartelá (PEG) e Parque Nacional do Iguaçu (PNI)). Para a coleta biológica, utilizou-se um coletor do tipo Hand-net, além disso, amostras físicas e químicas da água foram mensuradas (pH, oxigênio dissolvido, altitude, temperatura da água, alcalinidade, dureza, nitrogênio total e fósforo total) e análise do substrato. Como resultados, a ANOVA não mostrou diferenças significativas entre as ecorregiões quanto aos atributos, porém, a estrutura foi diferente segundo a PCA. Os grupos funcionais tiveram a mesma composição, porém com porcentagens diferenciadas para cada ecorregião. Os táxons indicadores do PEG foram Baetidae, Aeshnidae, Coenagrionidae, Chironomidae e Ceratopogonidae e para o PNI, os táxons indicadores foram Leptohyphidae, Caenidae, Perlidae, Pleidae e Psephenidae. Desta forma, concluímos que as ecorregiões foram diferentes quanto a estrutura da comunidade de macroinvertebrados devido a influencia das condições físicas do ambiente.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Maass, Renê Marcos. "Interações ecológicas entre Poiretia latifolia Vogel (Fabaceae) e comunidades de insetos em povoamentos na região do Planalto Catarinense." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2017. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2411.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-03-01T16:24:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV17MA227.pdf: 152240 bytes, checksum: 7b9bb295a43d3a7a884368127cbbb869 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-01T16:24:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV17MA227.pdf: 152240 bytes, checksum: 7b9bb295a43d3a7a884368127cbbb869 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23
Capes
Poiretia latifolia Vogel (Fabaceae) is a promising native herb of the altitude field ecosystem, inserted in the Atlantic Forest biome in the southern region of Brazil. Its value lies in the composition of its essential oil that is rich in monoterpenes with potential for pharmaceutical and cosmetic use. The objective of this work was to study the insect fauna associated to P. latifolia, as pollinators, potential pests and natural enemies, as well as to evaluate the influence of these insects on the reproductive success of the plant. The insect fauna survey was carried out between December 2015 and January 2016, in two stands of P. latifolia located in the municipalities of Capão Alto and São José do Cerrito. The associated insect fauna was monitored for 42 hours in each area, using the method of Instantaneous Sweeping, being marked five plants in each area that were followed hourly from 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. It was evaluated the number of visiting insects and their interactions with the erva-de-touro, also using the analysis of the fluctuation of the three predominant orders. The influence of the meteorological variables was analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient. The behavior of the floral visiting insects was studied during 35 hours of observation in each area, using the method ad libitum, being evaluated the type of floral resource explored and the time of visitation. Specimens of each probable species sighted were collected and classified to the lowest taxonomic level possible. To determine herbivory damage, ten P. latifolia plants were marked in each area and flower and seed collections were performed to evaluate insect damage. Coleoptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera were the most sighted orders associated with erva-de-touro. Coleoptera were responsible for high damage to P. latifolia seeds, being that in Capão Alto 65% of the seeds were damaged by Apion sp., and in São José do Cerrito 87.6%. The damage to the flowers was also high, respectively 38 and 54% for the two evaluated areas. There was difference in the richness of floral visitors between stands. Hymenoptera were the main floral visitors, with Apis mellifera being the dominant species in both evaluated areas, but with greater dominance in São José do Cerrito. However, its behavior was purely as a nectar pillager, as were all other species recorded. Environmental changes caused by the intensity of agricultural use close to the stands of Poiretia latifolia may have caused these differences
A erva-de-touro Poiretia latifolia Vogel (Fabaceae) é uma promissora erva nativa do ecossistema campos de altitude, inserido no bioma Mata Atlântica na região Sul do Brasil. Seu valor se encontra na composição do seu óleo essencial que é rico em monoterpenos com potencial de uso farmacêutico e cosmético. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a entomofauna associada a P. latifolia, como agentes polinizadores, pragas potenciais e inimigos naturais, bem como avaliar a influência destes insetos no sucesso reprodutivo da planta. O levantamento da entomofauna foi realizado no período de dezembro de 2015 a janeiro de 2016, em dois povoamentos de P. latifolia localizados nos municípios de Capão Alto e São José do Cerrito. A entomofauna associada foi monitorada por 42 horas em cada área, utilizando-se o método de Varredura Instantânea, sendo marcadas cinco plantas em cada área que foram acompanhadas de hora em hora, das 9:00 às 16:00. Foi avaliado o número de insetos visitantes e suas interações com a erva-de-touro, utilizando-se também a análise da flutuação das três ordens predominantes. A influência das variáveis meteorológicas foi analisada pelo coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. O comportamento dos insetos visitantes florais foi estudado durante 35 horas de observação em cada área, utilizando-se o método ad libitum, sendo avaliado o tipo de recurso floral explorado e o tempo de visitação. Espécimes de cada provável espécie avistada foram coletados e classificados até o menor nível taxonômico possível. Para determinar os danos por herbivoria, foram marcadas dez plantas de P. latifolia em cada área e realizadas coletas de flores e sementes para avaliar o dano por insetos. Coleoptera, Diptera e Hymenoptera foram as ordens mais avistadas associadas a erva-de-touro. Diptera demonstrou correlação com a temperatura média diária. Os coleópteros foram responsáveis por elevados danos às sementes de P. latifolia, sendo que em Capão Alto 65% das sementes estavam danificadas por Apion sp., e em São José do Cerrito 87,6%. O dano às flores também foi elevado, respectivamente 38 e 54% para as duas áreas avaliadas. Houve diferença na riqueza de visitantes florais entre os povoamentos. Himenópteros foram os principais visitantes florais, sendo Apis mellifera a espécie dominante em ambas as áreas avaliadas, porém com maior dominância em São José do Cerrito. Entretanto seu comportamento foi meramente como pilhadora de néctar, assim como todas as demais espécies registradas. Alterações ambientais causadas pela intensidade de uso agrícola próximo aos povoamentos de Poiretia latifolia podem ter causado estas diferenças

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

McElhinny, Chris, and chris mcelhinny@anu edu au. "Quantifying stand structural complexity in woodland and dry Sclerophyll Forest, South-Eastern Australia." The Australian National University. Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, 2005. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20060322.133914.

Full text

Abstract:

In this thesis I present and test a methodology for developing a stand scale index of structural complexity. If properly designed such an index can act as a summary variable for a larger set of stand structural attributes, providing a means of ranking stands in terms of their structural complexity, and by association, their biodiversity and vegetation condition. This type of index can also facilitate the use of alternative policy instruments for biodiversity conservation, such as mitigation banking, auctions and offsets, that rely on a common currency the index value that can be compared or traded between sites. My intention was to establish a clear and documentable methodology for developing a stand scale index of structural complexity, and to test this methodology using data from real stands.¶ As a starting point, I reviewed the literature concerning forest and woodland structure and found there was no clear definition of stand structural complexity, or definitive suite of structural attributes for characterising it. To address this issue, I defined stand structural complexity as a combined measure of the number of different structural attributes present in a stand, and the relative abundance of each of these attributes. This was analogous to approaches that have quantified diversity in terms of the abundance and richness of elements. It was also concluded from the review, that stand structural complexity should be viewed as a relative, rather than absolute concept, because the potential levels of different structural attributes are bound within certain limits determined by the inherent characteristics of the site in question, and the biota of the particular community will have evolved to reflect this range of variation. This implied that vegetation communities with naturally simple structures should have the potential to achieve high scores on an index of structural complexity.¶ I proposed the following five-stage methodology for developing an index of stand structural complexity: 1. Establish a comprehensive suite of stand structural attributes as a starting point for developing the index, by reviewing studies in which there is an established relationship between elements of biodiversity and structural attributes. 2. Develop a measurement system for quantifying the different attributes included in the comprehensive suite. 3. Use this measurement system to collect data from a representative set of stands across the range of vegetation condition (highly modified to unmodified) and developmental stages (regrowth to oldgrowth) occurring in the vegetation communities in which the index is intended to operate. 4. Identify a core set of structural attributes from an analysis of these data. 5. Combine the core attributes in a simple additive index, in which attributes are scored relative to their observed levels in each vegetation community.¶ Stage one of this methodology was addressed by reviewing a representative sample of the literature concerning fauna habitat relationships in temperate Australian forests and woodlands. This review identified fifty-five studies in south-east and south-west Australia, in which the presence or abundance of different fauna were significantly (p<0.05) associated with vegetation structural attributes. The majority of these studies concerned bird, arboreal mammal, and ground mammal habitat requirements, with relatively fewer studies addressing the habitat requirements of reptiles, invertebrates, bats or amphibians. Thirty four key structural attributes were identified from these fifty-five studies, by grouping similar attributes, and then representing each group with a single generic attribute. This set, in combination with structural attributes identified in the earlier review, provided the basis for developing an operational set of stand level attributes for the collection of data from study sites.¶ To address stages two and three of the methodology, data were collected from one woodland community Yellow Box-Red Gum (E. melliodora-E. Blakelyi ) and two dry sclerophyll forest communities Broadleaved Peppermint-Brittle Gum (E. dives-E. mannifera ), Scribbly Gum-Red Stringybark (E. rossii E. macrorhyncha ) in a 15,000 km2 study area in the South eastern Highlands Bioregion of Australia. A representative set of 48 sites was established within this study area, by identifying 24 strata, on the basis of the three vegetation communities, two catchments, two levels of rainfall and two levels of condition, and then locating two sites (replicates) within each stratum. At each site, three plots were systematically established, to provide an unbiased estimate of stand level means for 75 different structural attributes.¶ I applied a three-stage analysis to identify a core set of attributes from these data. The first stage a preliminary analysis indicated that the 48 study sites represented a broad range of condition, and that the two dry sclerophyll communities could be treated as a single community, which was structurally distinct from the woodland community. In the second stage of the analysis, thirteen core attributes were dentified using the criteria that a core attribute should:¶ 1. Be either, evenly or approximately normally distributed amongst study sites; 2. Distinguish between woodland and dry sclerophyll communities; 3. Function as a surrogate for other attributes; 4. Be efficient to measure in the field. The core attributes were: Vegetation cover <0.5m Vegetation cover 0.5-6.0m; Perennial species richness; Lifeform richness; Stand basal area of live trees; Quadratic mean diameter of live stems; ln(number of regenerating stems per ha+1); ln(number of hollow bearing trees per ha+1);ln(number of dead trees per ha+1);sqrt(number of live stems per ha >40cm dbh); sqrt(total log length per ha); sqrt(total largelog length per ha); Litter dry weight per ha. This analysis also demonstrated that the thirteen core attributes could be modelled as continuous variables, and that these variables were indicative of the scale at which the different attributes operated.¶ In the third and final stage of the analysis, Principal Components Analysis was used to test for redundancy amongst the core attributes. Although this analysis highlighted six groupings, within which attributes were correlated to some degree, these relationships were not considered sufficiently robust to justify reducing the number of core attributes.¶ The thirteen core attributes were combined in a simple additive index, in which, each attribute accounted for 10 points in a total index value of 130. Attributes were rescaled as a score from 0-10, using equations that modelled attribute score as a function of the raw attribute data. This maintained a high correlation (r > 0.97, p< 0.0001) between attribute scores and the original attribute data. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the index was not sensitive to attribute weightings, and on this basis attributes carried equal weight. In this form my index was straightforward to apply, and approximately normally distributed amongst study sites.¶ I demonstrated the practical application of the index in a user-friendly spreadsheet, designed to allow landowners and managers to assess the condition of their vegetation, and to identify management options. This spreadsheet calculated an index score from field data, and then used this score to rank the site relative to a set of reference sites. This added a regional context to the operation of the index, and is a potentially useful tool for identifying sites of high conservation value, or for identifying sites where management actions have maintained vegetation quality. The spreadsheet also incorporated the option of calculating an index score using a subset of attributes, and provided a measure of the uncertainty associated with this score.¶ I compared the proposed index with five prominent indices used to quantify vegetation condition or habitat value in temperate Australian ecosystems. These were: Newsome and Catlings (1979) Habitat Complexity Score, Watson et al.s (2001) Habitat Complexity Score, the Site Condition Score component of the Habitat Hectares Index of Parkes et al. (2003), the Vegetation Condition Score component of the Biodiversity Benefits Index of Oliver and Parkes (2003), and the Vegetation Condition Score component of the BioMetric Assessment Tool of Gibbons et al. (2004). I found that my index differentiated between study sites better than each of these indices. However, resource and time constraints precluded the use of a new and independent data set for this testing, so that the superior performance of my index must be interpreted cautiously.¶ As a group, the five indices I tested contained attributes describing compositional diversity, coarse woody debris, regeneration, large trees and hollow trees these were attributes that I also identified as core ones. However, unlike these indices, I quantified weeds indirectly through their effect on indigenous plant diversity, I included the contribution of non-indigenous species to vegetation cover and did not apply a discount to this contribution, I limited the direct assessment of regeneration to long-lived overstorey species, I used stand basal area as a surrogate for canopy cover, I quantified litter in terms of biomass (dry weight) rather than cover, and I included the additional attributes of quadratic mean diameter and the number of dead trees.¶ I also concluded that Parkes et al. (2003), Oliver and Parkes (2003), and Gibbons et al. (2004), misapplied the concept of benchmarking, by characterising attributes in terms of a benchmark range or average level. This ignored processes that underpin variation at the stand level, such as the increased development of some attributes at particular successional stages, and the fact that attributes can respond differently to disturbance agents. It also produced indices that were not particularly sensitive to the differences in attribute levels occurring between stands. I suggested that a more appropriate application of benchmarking would be at the overarching level of stand structural complexity, using a metric such as the index developed in this thesis. These benchmarks could reflect observed levels of structural complexity in unmodified natural stands at different successional stages, or thresholds for structural complexity at which a wide range of biota are present, and would define useful goals for guiding on-ground management.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Ferenca, Romas. "Beetle (Insecta,Coleoptera) fauna and its distribution in seashore habitats of Lithuania." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20141006_102905-19458.

Full text

Abstract:

Typical habitats of Baltic seashore habitats are characterized by infertile saline sands and predominant western winds. The current Baltic sea coast habitats are the result of human activities. This landscape is one of the youngest and the same time one of the most sensitive. The beetles of Baltic seashore habitats have been investigated only fragmentarly, and there is no research data about the Baltic Sea costal beetle complexes. The aim of this study is to investigate the beetle fauna and distribution in different habitats of Baltic seashore of Lithuania.
Baltijos pajūriui būdingi nederlingi ir druskingi smėlio dirvožemiai, dominuojantys vakarų vėjai.Dabartinės Baltijos pajūrio buveinės, tai aktyvios žmonių veiklos rezultatas, ir tuo pačių vienas jauniausių ir labiausiai pažeidžiamų Lietuvos kraštovaizdžių. Baltijos pajūrio vabzdžiai buvo tyrinėjami tik fragmentiškai, Iki šiol nebuvo atlikti Baltijos pakrančių buveinių vabalų kompleksų tyrimai. Šio darbo tikslas - ištirti Baltijos pajūrio buveinių vabalų fauną ir paplitimą buveinėse.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Ferenca, Romas. "Vabalų (Insecta, Coleoptera)fauna ir paplitimas Lietuvos pajūrio buveinėse." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20141006_102851-09826.

Full text

Abstract:

Baltijos pajūris išsiskiria savita gamta, specifinėmis, tik šiam regionui būdingomis buveinėmis, kurias sukuria švelnus jūrinis klimatas, nederlingi ir druskingi smėlio dirvožemiai, vyraujantys vakarų vėjai. Darbo tikslas – ištirti Baltijos pajūrio buveinių vabalų (Insecta, Coleoptera) fauną, pasiskirstymą buveinėse ir jų sezoninę dinamiką. Vabalai tirti 2008-2010 m. 10 skirtingų Baltijos pajūrio buveinių. Baltijos pajūrio buveinėse nustatytos 1206 vabalų rūšys, priklausančios 70 šeimų, kas sudaro 32,7 % nuo visų žinomų vabalų Lietuvoje. Atrastos 52 naujos Lietuvos faunai vabalų rūšys, priklausančios 16 šeimų. Rūšis Cryptocephalus ochroleucus Fairm. yra nauja visam Rytų Pabaltijui ir Fenoskandijai. Didžiausia vabalų įvairovė nustatyta sengirėje (174 rūšys), mažiausia – pilkosiose kopose apaugusiose samanomis ir kerpėmis (20 rūšių). Atvirose Baltijos pajūrio buveinėse dominuoja termofilinės, psamofilinės vabalų rūšys. Stenotopinės vabalų rūšys (89) ir halobiontinės (27 rūšys) yra būdingos atviroms pajūrio buveinėms, o halobiontinės rūšys – pilkosiose ir baltosiose kopose su Leymus arenarius.
The Baltic Sea coast typical habitats formed by a mild sea climate are characterized by infertile and saline sands, predominant western winds and are peculiar only to this region. The aim of the study is to investigate the beetle (Insecta, Coleoptera) fauna of seashore habitats of Lithuania, beetle distribution in different habitats. The material was collected during the study period of 2008–2010 in 10 different localities of Curonian Spit. Research territories were selected so that investigated plots covered all habitats of the Baltic Sea coast. After analyzing and generalizing the material collected in the Baltic seashore habitats a total of 1206 beetle species belonging to 70 families, or 32.7% of all known Lithuanian beetle fauna were determined; 52 beetle species of 16 families were recorded first time for Lithuania. Cryptocephalus ochroleucus Fairm. is a new species in the Eastern Baltic region and in Fennoscandia. The old-growth mixed forest distinguished by the greatest species number (174 beetle species) and grey dunes overgrow with lichens, mosses and Poaceae exibited the lowest species number (20 beetle species). The open habitats of the Baltic Sea coast were dominated by termophilic psamophilic beetle species. Stenotopic (89 species) and halobiontic (27 species) beetle species were typical only of open seashore habitats. Halobiontic species were the most abundant in the grey / white dunes with Leymus arenarius.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Dell, Laura. "A Comparison of Benthic Habitats and Faunas Between the Miami Terrace (Proposed Calypso Pipeline Site) and the Pourtales Terrace (Coral Habitat of Particular Concern)." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/488.

Full text

Abstract:

Quantitative photographs of benthic communities at two northern Miami Terrace sites, originally investigated as part of an environmental impact survey in advance of the proposed Calypso pipeline, and two Pourtalès Terrace sites, investigated as part of an exploration of deep-sea coral and sponge ecosystems (DSCEs) within the Pourtalès Terrace Deep-water Coral Habitat Area of Particular Concern (CHAPC), were reanalyzed and compared for similarities and differences. Both terraces are part of an elongated lithified platform that parallels the southeastern Florida coast at depths averaging between 250 and 450 m. Although both sites have similar geological origins and lie under the Florida Current, previous work has suggested that the two terraces support different benthic faunas. Images from 28 phototransects from the two terraces were condensed into two depth bins of 250-300 m and 450-550 m. Distributions of taxa compared among individual sites were depth driven, whereas distributions of taxa between the northern Miami Terrace and Pourtalès Terrace appeared to be driven by geological features, as sites at similar depths had different communities and densities, with the only distinguishing variables being location and geologic features. Results indicate that location is the driving factor contributing to differences in deep-water benthic communities between the two terraces. Depth bin 450-550 m was dominated on the Miami Terrace by hard substrates supporting octocorals (Pseudodrifa nigra, Primnoidae, Keratoisis sp., and Anthomastus sp.), anemones, and sponges (mainly Phakellia sp.) and on the Pourtalès Terrace by hard substrates and coral rubble supporting Paramuricea unid sp. 3, Comatonia cristata, Plumarella sp. 2, and Astrophorina unid. sp. 4. Depth bin 250-300 m on the northern Miami Terrace was dominated by sediment substrates and supported anemones, soft corals and zoanthids, and on the Pourtalès by sediment-veneered hard bottom with Stylaster miniatus, Plumarella unid sp., Hydroida unid sp., and Isididae unid sp. 2. The relationships between depth, location and geomorphology may be useful in designing future benthic mapping projects. In addition, species densities and protection statuses can aid future community assessments between protected habitats and non-protected habitats to measure the effectiveness and management strategies of deep-water marine protected areas. The relationships revealed by this study can be used to support the management of the Miami Terrace, Pourtalès Terrace, and other sites to conserve deep-water coral environments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Krätz, Daniel A. "Ökologie der Fischbestände in Fließgewässern des Khentii-Gebirges (Mongolei): Bestandsaufbau, Dynamik und Gefährdung durch den Gold-Tagebau." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1244819085170-00706.

Full text

Abstract:

Die Fischfauna der Mongolei umfasst 64 Arten, von denen aktuell in der Roten Liste elf Arten als regional bedroht und vier Arten als potentiell bedroht eingestuft werden. Eine der wichtigsten Ursachen für den Rückgang der Arten ist der Gold-Tagebau. Viele Goldvorkommen lagern in alluvialen Sedimenten der Fließgewässerauen und werden durch großflächigen Abbau und mechanische Auswaschungsprozesse gewonnen. Dies führt zu erheblichen Störungen im Schwebstoff- und Stoffhaushalt der Fließgewässer und beeinflusst die Habitatverfügbarkeit und -qualität für die Fischfauna. Das primäre Ziel der Arbeit war daher die abiotische und ichthyologische Charakterisierung ausgewählter Referenzgewässer sowie durch Gold-Tagebau beeinflusster Gewässer und die Quantifizierung der Einflüsse des Gold-Tagebaus. Ein weiteres Ziel lag in der Formulierung von angepassten Managementstrategien für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung des expandierenden Bergbausektors in der Mongolei. Die Untersuchungen fanden in den Jahren 2003 bis 2006 an vier rhitralen Gewässern des Khentii-Gebirges im Nord-Osten der Mongolei statt. Die Erfassung der Fischbestände erfolgte mit Hilfe von Elektrofischfanganlagen und Reusen, wobei die vorkommenden Habitate repräsentativ erfasst wurden. Zusätzlich erfolgten Untersuchungen zum Stoffhaushalt der Gewässer und der Gewässersohle. Die relevanten Habitate wurden kartiert und Experimente zum Wanderverhalten ausgewählter Arten durchgeführt. Die Untersuchungen erbrachten folgende wesentliche Ergebnisse: 1. Die Fischfauna der untersuchten Gewässer umfasste 14 Taxa mit überwiegend rhitralen Charakterarten wie Salmoniden, Äschen und Elritzen. Die Fischbestände wiesen eine sehr hohe saisonale Dynamik auf, wobei kleinere Fließgewässer im Herbst verlassen und im Frühjahr neu besiedelt wurden. 2. Der Gold-Tagebau führte zu erhöhten Schwebstoffkonzentrationen und zur Kolmation des hyporheischen Interstitials. Die physikalisch-chemischen Untersuchungen ergaben vor allem eine signifikante Erhöhung der Wassertemperaturen in den belasteten Gewässerabschnitten. Durch den Gold-Tagebau wurden weiterhin die Auenvegetation und die natürlichen Uferstrukturen zerstört, was zu vielfältigen Habitatveränderungen führt. 3. Die untersuchten Effekte des Gold-Tagebaus sind als sublethal und verhaltens-verändernd einzustufen. Sie wirken sich z.B. auf das funktionale Gefüge der verschiedenen trophischen Ebenen des Fließgewässerökosystems aus. So wiesen zahlreiche Fischarten einen signifikant verringerten Konditionsfaktor auf, der offensichtlich bottom-up gesteuert durch verminderten Aufwuchs und geringere Abundanzen des Makrozoobenthos verursacht wird. Auch wurde ein deutlicher Einfluss auf die Fischwanderung festgestellt, der vermutlich durch ungünstige physikalisch-chemische oder hydraulische Habitateigenschaften innerhalb des Abbaugebiets verursacht wird. Für Arktische Äschen und Lenok ist das Abbaugebiet nicht oder nur eingeschränkt passierbar. 4. Die Kolmation des Kieslückensystems führte zum Verlust von Laich- und Überwinterungshabitaten und ist daher als ein gravierender Einflussfaktor für die lokale Fischfauna einzustufen. 5. Letale Effekte wie Kiemen- oder Schleimhautverletzungen auf Grund von direkter Schädigung der Tiere durch die erhöhten Schwebstofffrachten wurden nicht beobachtet. Im Rahmen der Arbeit wurden ökologische Grundlagenkenntnisse zu Fischbeständen und Populationsdynamiken im Nord-Osten der Mongolei erarbeitet. Diese Informationen tragen zu einem besseren Verständnis der Gefährdungsursachen bei. Auf Basis der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse über die Ökologie der Arten und der Einflüsse des Gold-Tagebaus wurden Managementempfehlungen unterschiedlicher Priorität formuliert und an Hand eines Fallbeispiels exemplarisch bearbeitet. Darüber hinaus wurden Grundlagen für ein ökologisches Monitoring des Gold-Tagebaus entwickelt
The fish fauna of Mongolia comprises 64 species of which eleven are regionally endangered and four potentially endangered according to the Red List of Mongolian Fish. Gold mining is regarded as one of the major causes for declining fish populations. Many gold deposits are found in the alluvial sediments of the floodplains and are extracted by large scale mining and mechanical elutriation. This heavily disturbs the balance of suspended sediments and matter in running waters and affects the habitat availability and quality for the fish fauna. Thus, the primary objective of this study was the abiotic and ichthyological characterization of selected reference waters and waters influenced by gold mining as well as the quantification of gold mining effects. Furthermore, an aim was the formulation of management strategies for a sustainable development of the expanding mining sector in Mongolia. The investigation took place from 2003 to 2006 at four rhitral waters of the Khentii Mountains in north-east Mongolia. Data acquisition of the fish fauna was carried out with electric fishing devices and fish traps on representative habitats. In addition, the balance of mater and characteristics of the hyporheic zone were analyzed, relevant habitats mapped and the migratory behavior of selected species experimentally studied. The following major results were obtained from this research: 1. The fish fauna of the examined waters comprised 14 taxa dominated by rhitral characteristic species like salmonids, arctic grayling and minnows. The fish population was strongly seasonally influenced, whereas small running waters being repopulated yearly in spring. 2. Gold mining brings about an increase in concentrations of suspended sediment and clogging of the hyporheic interstitial. Physical-chemical investigations primarily identified a significant rise in water temperatures in the polluted water sectors. Furthermore, gold mining degrades floodplain vegetation and natural bank structures causing varied habitat changes. 3. The examined gold mining effects are sublethal to fish or influence their behavior. They disrupt the functional arrangement of the different trophic levels of the river ecosystem. Thus, the condition of some fish species was significantly decreased, evidently regulated bottom-up by depleted periphyton and reduced abundances of macro invertebrates. Moreover, a strong influence on the river continuum was assessed. Arctic grayling and lenok did not migrate through the mining area, possibly due to unfavorable physical-chemical or hydraulic conditions within the mining site. 4. The clogging of the river bed substrate resulted in a loss of spawning and hibernation habitats and thus must be regarded as a major thread to the local fish fauna. 5. Lethal effects like injuries of gills or skin by direct lesions of suspended particles could not be observed. In this study basic ecological knowledge and population dynamics of the fish fauna in north-east Mongolia have been identified. This information is fundamental for a better understanding of the causes of endangerment. Based on the findings on the ecology of fish species and the influences of gold-mining management recommendations of different priority were developed and exemplified in a case study. Furthermore, this study worked out basic principles for an ecological monitoring of gold mining

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Aguilar, Juan Manuel Ruiz-Esparza. "Sustentabilidade das comunidades de aves em duas áreas protegidas do estado de Sergipe." Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4072.

Full text

Abstract:

The destruction and modification of forested habitats in the Neotropics are a principal source of preoccupation for conservationists. Due to the fidelity to biomes or specific habitats, populations of wild birds can be used as indicators of impacts on habitat quality. Brazil is home to almost a fifth of the world s known bird species (1901 species), and also a large number of endangered species, which confers this nation with a considerable responsibility in terms of the conservation of the planet s natural resources. The present study characterizes and compares the composition and structure of the bird communities of two state conservation units (CUs) in Sergipe, as well as the knowledge of local residents with regard to this fauna, and their relationships and ecological functions, as a means of selecting indices of sustainability for the effective conservation of these populations over the long term. Data were collected in the 900-hectare Mata do Junco State Wildlife Refuge (RVSMJ), remnant of the Atlantic Forest, and the 2138 ha Grota do Angico State Natural Monument, representing the Caatinga. Data were collected in each CU using mist nets (2.5 m x 10 m), and MacKinnon lists of 10 species. A total of 129 species were recorded in each CU. In the RVSMJ, 37 species were classified as indicators of disturbed habitats (secondary forest, pastures or plantations), whereas only eight species were classified as indicators or typical of the Atlantic Forest, nine were endemic to Brazil, and two are under some risk of extinction, according to the IUCN - Herpsilochmus pectoralis (VU) and Pyriglena atra (EN). In the MNGA, 31 species were indicators of some degree of habitat disturbance, and five were specialists in decidual tropical dry forest. A single species (Herpsilochmus pectoralis) is classified as vulnerable to extinction by the IUCN, and 17 are endemic to Brazil. Local residents living in the buffer zones of the two CUs were interviewed, with the objective of documenting traditional knowledge and the use of the local fauna, with the emphasis on wild birds. Birds and mammals were cited as the principal animal found in both CUs, and in particular at RVSMJ, just over half the interviewees mentioned the titi monkey, Callicebus coimbrai. The collection of firewood, hunting, and the capture of animals for domestication were the responses that most exemplified the use of the local natural resources. The number of bird species known by local residents varied from zero to 13, and most interviewees cited fruit, seeds, and insects as food sources. The maintenance of local bird populations was seen as an important factor for the conservation of local habitats, and the control of deforestation as the principal means of protecting natural resources. These results were used to elaborate indices of sustainability based on the Pressure/State/Impact/Response approach, relating the applicability of the model to the anthropogenic impacts on the bird communities. This study intends to consolidate the management of the CUs and guarantee their conservation over the long term, providing a functional model that can be replicated in other conservation units.
As alteracoes ou destruicao dos habitats nas florestas das regioes neotropicais sao um fator de interesse para a conservacao. As aves silvestres sao usadas como indicadores das alteracoes ou mudancas na qualidade dos habitats, pelo grau de fidelidade a biomas e habitats especificos. No Brasil encontramos quase uma quinta parte das aves conhecidas do mundo (1.901 especies), em contrapartida tambem possui um elevado numero de especies ameacadas, tal situacao deposita uma grande responsabilidade ambiental para o pais, alem do enorme desafio no ambito da conservacao dos recursos naturais. O presente trabalho tem como objetivos caracterizar e comparar a estrutura das comunidades de aves de duas Unidades de Conservacao (UC) estaduais de Sergipe, verificar o conhecimento das populacoes locais em relacao as especies de aves, assim como sua funcao ecologica finalmente selecionar indicadores de sustentabilidade, visando garantir sua conservacao efetiva em longo prazo. Os levantamentos das aves foram realizados no Refugio de Vida Silvestre da Mata do Junco (RVSMJ), (.900 ha, de Mata Atlantica) e no Monumento Natural da Grota do Angico (MNGA), (2.138 ha, de Caatinga). Dentro destas UCs foram realizadas amostragem sistematicas de aves utilizando dez redes de neblina (2,5 x 10 m) e listas de MacKinnon (10 especies). Em ambas as areas foram encontradas 129 especies de aves, no RVSMJ, 37 especies sao classificadas como indicadoras de habitat com disturbio (floresta secundaria, areas de agricultura ou pastos), enquanto unicamente oito especies sao classificadas como indicadoras ou tipicas da Mata Atlantica, nove sao endemicas do Brasil, e duas estao classificadas em alguma categoria de risco pela IUCN, Herpsilochmus pectoralis (VU) e Pyriglena atra (EN). Ja no MNGA, 31 especies sao indicadoras de habitat com algum tipo de disturbio, somente cinco especies sao especialistas de floresta tropical decidua. Unicamente uma especie classificada como vulneravel na IUCN (Herpsilochmus pectoralis) e 17 especies sao endemicas do Brasil. Foram realizadas entrevistas com os moradores das zonas de amortecimento das UCs estudadas, com o intuito de verificar o conhecimento tradicional e uso da fauna com enfase nas aves silvestres. Em ambas as areas foram citadas as aves e os mamiferos, como os principais animais que moram na mata, sendo que no RVSMJ pouco mais da metade dos entrevistados citaram o Guigo. O uso da lenha e captura de animais para criacao em cativeiro e para caca, foram as respostas que evidenciam os usos da mata. Sobre o numero de aves conhecidas as respostas varia de zero a 13 especies, a maioria citaram as frutas, sementes e insetos como os alimentos das aves. Caso as aves sumissem da mata, a maioria relacionou este fato com o fim da mata, indicando evitar o desmatamento como a principal acao para proteger as matas. A partir destes resultados, foram elaborados indicadores de sustentabilidade baseados na metodologia Pressao/Estado/Impacto/Resposta, relacionando sua aplicabilidade aos efeitos dos impactos antropicos produzidos nas comunidades de aves. Este estudo pretende consolidar o manejo das UCs, visando garantir seus objetivos de conservacao em longo prazo, gerando um modelo que pode ser replicado em outras unidades de conservacao.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fauna habitat'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles