Academic literature on the topic 'Fauna habitat'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fauna habitat"
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Lafontaine, J. D., and D. M. Wood. "A ZOOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE NOCTUIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) OF BERINGIA, AND SOME INFERENCES ABOUT PAST BERINGIAN HABITATS." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 120, S144 (1988): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm120144109-1.
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AbstractThe 245 species of Noctuidae known from Beringia, i.e. northwestern North America and northeastern Asia, are arranged in six groups based on their habitat preferences. These groups are analysed in terms of their distribution, endemism within Beringia, and zoogeographic affinities. The fauna associated with taiga, boreomontane forests and southern steppe (prairie) habitats shows only limited evidence of continuous occurrence in Beringia, and limited exchange during the Pleistocene between the Nearctic and Palaearctic. We have concluded therefore that this fauna has entered the Beringian area in Recent times following deglaciation of western and central Canada. In wet and dry tundra habitats, in contrast, there is abundant evidence of trans-Beringian faunal exchange. A high degree of endemism in dry tundra habitats within Beringia today is evidence of long-term stability of this habitat. These patterns, as well as evidence from a limited fossil sample of mid-Wisconsinan age, allow us to speculate on Beringian habitats during Wisconsinan times. We further conclude that the eastern Palaearctic and Beringia was the source area for the fauna that repopulated the Canadian Arctic after deglaciation. By contrast, non-Beringian refugia of the Nearctic have contributed little to the fauna of the Arctic.
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Lyman, R. Lee. "Taxonomic composition and body-mass distribution in the terminal Pleistocene mammalian fauna from the Marmes site, southeastern Washington State, U.S.A." Paleobiology 39, no. 3 (2013): 345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/12039.
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Mean adult body mass of mammal taxa is a fundamental ecological variable. Variability in the distributions of body masses of a mammal fauna suggest variability in habitat structure. Mammal remains from the Marmes archaeological site in southeastern Washington State date between 13,200 and 10,400 b.p., during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition (PHT). Known environmental history prompts the expectations that the Marmes PHT mammal remains should represent greater species richness and a larger array of body-mass sizes than modern faunas in the Marmes locale and in open shrub-steppe habitats, and lower species richness and a smaller array of body-mass sizes than modern faunas in closed forest habitats; species richness and the array of body-mass sizes should be similar to that for a mixed habitat of cool shrub-steppe with scattered conifers. The Marmes PHT cenogram meets these expectations. Body-mass clumps displayed by the Marmes PHT mammal fauna fall between those of closed forests and open shrub-steppe habitats in terms of clump richness and breadth, and in terms of gap width. Marmes PHT body-mass clumps are very similar to those for the mixed habitat. Cenograms and body-mass clumps confirm conclusions drawn 40 years ago that the Marmes PHT habitat was much like that of today but cooler and with more plant biomass and greater structural diversity than today.
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Pearce, J. L., L. A. Venier, J. McKee, J. Pedlar, and D. McKenney. "Influence of habitat and microhabitat on carabid (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages in four stand types." Canadian Entomologist 135, no. 3 (June 2003): 337–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n02-031.
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AbstractStudies based on presence/absence of a species may provide insight into habitat associations, allowing the distribution of species to be predicted across the landscape. Our objective was to characterize the carabid fauna in three mature boreal forest types (conifer, mixedwood, and deciduous) and a disturbed habitat (clearcut) to provide baseline data on the carabid species inhabiting the major forest types of boreal northwestern Ontario. Only spring-active carabids were considered for logistical reasons. We further identified the coarse woody debris structure and microhabitat characteristics within these stand types to try to refine our ability to predict the within-stand occurrence of carabids. We found the carabid composition of deciduous stands (mixedwood and aspen) similar and typical of the carabid fauna found in mixedwood forest in other nearby studies. The important feature of these forest types may be the presence of a deciduous leaf litter layer. In contrast, spruce stands contained fewer species and individuals and a distinct carabid fauna. As predicted, the clearcut habitats were dominated by open habitat species, although the fauna was dissimilar to what was recorded in clearcut habitats in other studies within northwestern Ontario. Coarse woody debris appeared to be an important habitat attribute for several carabid species in clearcut habitats.
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Wright, Jeffrey T., James E. Byers, Loni P. Koukoumaftsis, and Paul E. Gribben. "Differences in anti-predator traits of a native bivalve following invasion by a habitat-forming seaweed." Marine and Freshwater Research 63, no. 3 (2012): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11184.
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Invasive habitat-forming species cause large changes to the abiotic environment, which may lead to lethal and sublethal effects on native fauna. In this study, we tested whether morphological anti-predator traits of an infaunal bivalve, Anadara trapezia, differed between areas invaded by the habitat-forming seaweed Caulerpa taxifolia and uninvaded habitats in estuaries in New South Wales, Australia. Caulerpa changes the abiotic environment in ways that may affect traits of native species. In particular, there is lower water flow, lower dissolved oxygen in the water and sediments are more silty and anoxic than in unvegetated habitat. To test our hypotheses, we collected Anadara from Caulerpa and uninvaded habitats and measured shell thickness, shell strength and resistance to opening of valves. We found that all three traits were reduced in Anadara from Caulerpa habitat compared with Anadara from uninvaded habitats. These findings are consistent with the idea that trait modifications in native fauna in response to invasive habitat-forming species can potentially increase susceptibility to predation.
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Christie, H., KM Norderhaug, and S. Fredriksen. "Macrophytes as habitat for fauna." Marine Ecology Progress Series 396 (December 9, 2009): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08351.
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McElhinny, C., P. Gibbons, C. Brack, and J. Bauhus. "Fauna-habitat relationships: a basis for identifying key stand structural attributes in temperate Australian eucalypt forests and woodlands." Pacific Conservation Biology 12, no. 2 (2006): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc060089.
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We review a representative sample of the literature concerning fauna-habitat relationships in temperate Australian eucalypt forests and woodlands as a basis for identifying some key stand structural attributes in these ecosystems. Our review identifies 56 studies in south-east and south-west Australia in which the presence or abundance of different fauna were significantly associated with vegetation structural attributes at the scale of a stand. The majority of these studies concern bird, arboreal mammal, and ground mammal habitat requirements, with relatively few studies addressing the habitat requirements of reptiles, invertebrates, bats or amphibians. We identify 34 key structural attributes from these 56 studies, by grouping similar attributes, and then representing each group with a single generic attribute. Relatively few of these attributes are incorporated into indices used to quantify fauna habitat. We highlight the need for a quantitative method for selecting which key attributes should form the basis for an index of structural complexity or other surrogate measure of faunal diversity.
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Unsworth, Richard K. F., Sammy De Grave, Jamaluddin Jompa, David J. Smith, and James J. Bell. "Faunal relationships with seagrass habitat structure: a case study using shrimp from the Indo-Pacific." Marine and Freshwater Research 58, no. 11 (2007): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07058.
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Caridean shrimp were used as a model group to investigate the effects of seagrass floral habitat complexity on Indo-Pacific fauna. Relationships between shrimp and seagrass habitat characteristics were explored using both multivariate and multiple linear regression modelling approaches. Epifaunal shrimp assemblages were sampled in the Wakatobi Marine National Park, Indonesia. Seagrass habitat complexity had a significant positive impact on shrimp abundance (F3,59 = 17.51, P < 0.001) and species richness (F3,59 = 10.88, P < 0.001), while significantly altering shrimp assemblage structure (ANOSIM global R = 0.397, P < 0.001). In contrast to studies from other bioregions and faunal groups, species diversity and evenness were inversely related to habitat complexity. Changes in shrimp abundance, diversity and assemblage structure with habitat complexity are considered to reflect changes in individual species habitat specialisation. High complexity habitats were dominated by habitat specialists, whereas low complexity seagrass had higher numbers of habitat generalists. Generalist species may be more adapted to the reduced food availability and increased predatory pressures associated with reduced habitat complexity. Although similar patterns were observed at all sites, inter-site differences in shrimp abundance were observed. This indicates that although the present study demonstrates the importance of small-scale changes in seagrass habitat complexity to faunal assemblages, other factors related to larger spatial-scales are also important.
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Paltridge, Rachel, and Richard Southgate. "The effect of habitat type and seasonal conditions on fauna in two areas of the Tanami Desert." Wildlife Research 28, no. 3 (2001): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr00009.
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Australian deserts are characterised by highly patterned plant productivity and an extremely unpredictable climate. The Tanami Desert in central Australia is dominated by vast sandplains interspersed with more productive habitats such as palaeodrainage lines. During 1996 and 1997 fauna surveys were conducted in two areas of the Tanami Desert to investigate the relative importance of palaeodrainage habitat for fauna under different seasonal conditions. The two areas were at latitudes separated by approximately 400 km, and during the study period the northern study area (Tennant) received considerably more rainfall than the southern study area (Kintore). The species richness and abundance of a range of taxonomic groups were compared between the two study areas and between palaeodrainage habitat and adjacent sandplain habitat. The only significant difference between habitats was that small reptiles were more abundant in sandplain than palaeodrainage habitat. Overall, bilbies, bustards and macropods were significantly more abundant at Tennant than Kintore, but significantly more small mammals were captured at Kintore. In both habitats and areas, capture rates, track counts and species richness of reptiles varied significantly with season. The biomass of invertebrates captured also showed significant temporal fluctuations. Burrowing frogs were active only after rain, and birds showed significant fluctuations in abundance and species richness associated with rainfall. The abundance of small mammals did not vary significantly during this study. Overall, local seasonal conditions were generally more important determinants of the abundance of fauna in the spinifex grasslands of central Australia than was habitat type.
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Kiatoko, Nkoba, Suresh Kumar Raina, and Frank van Langevelde. "Impact of habitat degradation on species diversity and nest abundance of five African stingless bee species in a tropical rainforest of Kenya." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 37, no. 03 (August 17, 2017): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174275841700011x.
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AbstractNatural habitat degradation often involves the reduction or disappearance of bee species. In Africa, stingless bees are hunted for honey, which is used as food, for medicinal purposes, and for traditional rituals. Severe habitat degradation due to human settlement is hypothesized to have a negative impact on the species diversity of the African stingless bee species. In this paper, we assess the impact of habitat degradation on the diversity of five stingless bee species across different habitats in the tropical rainforest of Kenya (indigenous forest, mixed indigenous forest) and its neighbouring landscape (grassland, village) in western Kenya. The species fauna, nest occurrence, and species diversity of the stingless bee species varied across the different habitats. The number of nesting habitats of the meliponine species varied between habitats in the tropical rainforest.Meliponula ferruginea(reddish brown) nested in five habitats, whileMeliponula bocandeiandMeliponula ferruginea(black) nested only in two habitat types. The species richness decreased within the different types of habitats and the indigenous and mixed indigenous forest contained more species than other habitats. The fauna composition in both homesteads was exclusively similar, while the indigenous and mixed indigenous forests were mostly similar. Similarity in habitat preferences for nesting was revealed betweenM. bocandeivsPlebeina hildebrandtiandM. ferruginea(reddish brown) vsHypotrigona gribodoi. The natural native indigenous forest had the most diverse community compared to the degraded habitats. There are taxon-specific responses to habitat change; and in our study, there is clear value in conserving the native indigenous forest.
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Offerman, Holly L., Virginia H. Dale, Scott M. Pearson, Robert V. O'Neill, and Richard O. Bierregaard Jr. "Effects of forest fragmentation on neotropical fauna: current research and data availability." Environmental Reviews 3, no. 2 (April 1, 1995): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a95-009.
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Tropical deforestation often produces landscapes characterized by isolated patches of forest habitat surrounded by pasture, agriculture, or regrowth vegetation. Both the size and the distribution of these forest patches may influence the long-term persistence of faunal species. There is, therefore, a pressing need to understand faunal responses to patterns of forest fragmentation in tropical systems. The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP) provides a wealth of autecological information and spatially explicit data describing habitat use and movement of fauna between Amazonian forest fragments. Using data from the BDFFP and other studies in the Amazon Basin, this paper reviews the information available on tropical insects, frogs, birds, primates, and other mammals that can be used to identify and classify species most at risk for extirpation in fragmented forests.Key words: Amazonia, habitat fragmentation, rainforest, fauna, Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragmentation Project.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fauna habitat"
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Pohe, Stephen Robert. "Aquatic invertebrate fauna of Matapouri, Northland." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/425.
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A study of the aquatic invertebrate communities from two locations (Location 1 and Location 2) within the Matapouri catchment in Northland, New Zealand, was conducted to assess community structure in differing local-scale habitats. Four data collection methods were utilised generating 33,058 adult or larval invertebrates. The sampling methods comprised benthic kick-sampling, sticky trapping, light trapping, and emergence trapping. For the sticky trapping and light trapping, sampling was carried out at three different sites (Sites 1–3) within each location. The sites were situated within three habitat types; native forest, native forest-fringe, and raupo wetland. Emergence trapping also commenced within the three sites, at both locations, but was discontinued after two months, due to the equipment being destroyed by consecutive flooding events (method described in Appendix 1). Benthic sampling was carried out within the Forest and Forest-fringe habitats. Benthic sampling, sticky trapping, and light trapping were carried out following a monthly schedule between June and November 2005. Conductivity, pH, and water temperature measurements were taken concurrently with benthic sampling on a monthly basis, while water velocity and substrate measurements were taken once to assist in habitat characterisation. Overall, 71 taxa were recorded by benthic sampling over the six month period, with a mean of approximately 30 taxa per site per month. In comparison with similar studies elsewhere in New Zealand, a figure of around 30 taxa per sample was high. The benthic macroinvertebrate fauna at all sites was dominated by Trichoptera (19 taxa), Diptera (16 taxa) and Ephemeroptera (10 taxa). This pattern of diversity is similar to that reported in other New Zealand studies. However, in contrast to previous studies, the leptophlebiid mayfly genus Deleatidium was not numerically dominant over the rest of the community, and other leptophlebiid genera (Acanthophlebia, Atalophlebioides, Mauiulus and Zephlebia) were equally represented, possibly reflecting niche partitioning between the groups. The genus Nesameletus was not recorded at any site, despite being one of the core mayfly species in New Zealand streams. The rare mayfly Isothraulus abditus was recorded at one of the forest locations. There are no published records of this species from Northland. Although acknowledged as another of the core New Zealand benthic taxa, the hydropsychid caddisfly Aoteapsyche was not recorded during the study. However, another hydropsychid, Orthopsyche, was commonly recorded, and these may be filling a similar niche to the Aoteapsyche genus. In contrast to the Trichoptera, Diptera, and Ephemeroptera, the Plecoptera fauna was relatively depauperate, probably reflecting the warmer climate of the region and lack of temperature-buffered spring-fed streams. Surprisingly, Zelandobius, a core New Zealand genus, was absent but is regularly recorded in Northland. A species of conservation interest, Spaniocercoides watti, currently recognised as a Northland endemic, was recorded in low numbers. There were no apparent trends in diversity or abundance of benthic invertebrates over time. Also, there were no significant differences in species diversity between the two locations. However, in many cases, taxa were more abundant at Location 2. This may have been due to steeper gradients at Location 2, and the consequent effects on substrate size and streambed stability, as all other physical factors appeared similar between locations. Although several significant differences of individual benthic taxa were recorded, no broad effect of habitat (sites) on species diversity was observable. However, at Location 2, abundances were significantly higher at Site 3 (Forest) compared to Site 2 (Forest-fringe). The reasons were uncertain, but may be attributed to higher retention of allochthonous organic materials, trapped by in-stream cover and larger substrates. Investigations of adult stages by sticky traps supported benthic results recording community compositions and abundances dominated by Trichoptera and Diptera. Plecoptera were poorly represented. Location 2 recorded higher abundances of taxa, particularly Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Investigations of adult stages by light traps however did not produce any statistically significant differences in abundances between sites, between locations, or between sites across locations, and it is believed to be due to limited sampling replication combined with some biases of light trapping. This study indicates that the aquatic invertebrate community at Matapouri is diverse but also reasonably representative. Several rare or uncommon insects inhabit the catchment. It is therefore important that Iwi and the local Landcare Group, who invited and supported this research, together with the Department of Conservation, continue their efforts in protecting these areas. The resident fauna have the capacity to restock areas downstream, which are intended to be improved and restored through sediment control and riparian management.
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Cardoso, Tiago Augusto Lima. "Distribuição de aves limícolas migratórias (Charadriidae e Scolopacidae) em estuários: preferência de habitats e estrutura das assembléias." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/1683.
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Several studies report the use of estuarine environments by migrant shorebirds in South America. However, distribution patterns of these species among estuarine habitats have been little studied. Our study aimed to investigate the distribution of migratory shorebirds (Charadriidae and Scolopacidae) and the composition and structure of assemblages of several habitats in the estuaries of rivers Mamanguape, Paraíba do Norte and Goiana in the coast of Paraíba, Brazil. Nine sites were selected for counting birds, four in open beach habitats (in ocean front) and five in inner estuarine habitats (tidal flats, a fluvial island and artificial ponds in a shrimp farm). Visual surveys were carried out at each site with the aid of binoculars and a spotting scope. Statistical analyses were applied to answer the following questions: (i) did occur differences in species densities among habitats? (ii) which factor had greatest influence on variations in densities? (iii) how counting sites can be grouped based on structure and species composition of their assemblages of birds? 72 counts were carried out from September 2010 through April 2011, during which 13 species of migratory shorebirds were recorded: Pluvialis squatarola, Charadrius semipalmatus, Limnodromus griseus, Numenius phaeopus, Actitis macularius, Tringa melanoleuca, Tringa semipalmata, Tringa flavipes, Arenaria interpres, Calidris alba, Calidris pusilla, Calidris minutilla and Calidris fuscicollis. Density of species varied significantly among estuaries and categories of habitats, but not among months. The category of habitat was the factor that had greatest influence upon variations of densities. The assemblages of birds in open beaches were clearly different from the assemblages of inner habitats, with regard to their species composition and dominance pattern. The species with greatest importance on differentiation between assemblages of beaches and inner habitats were C. alba, N. phaeopus, C. pusilla and C. semipalmatus. Although we suppose that some factors not measured in this study may have exerted influence upon pattern observed, our results suggest that preferences between open beaches and inner habitats may be influencing distribution of species in estuarine landscape.
Vários estudos relatam o uso de ambientes estuarinos por aves limícolas migrantes na América do Sul. No entanto, os padrões de distribuição destas espécies entre os hábitats estuarinos têm sido pouco estudados. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a distribuição de aves limícolas migratórias (Charadriidae e Scolopacidae) e as diferenças na composição e estrutura das assembléias de diversos hábitats nos estuários dos rios Mamanguape, Paraíba do Norte e Goiana, no litoral do estado da Paraíba, Brasil. Para tanto, foram selecionados nove locais para contagem das aves, sendo quatro em hábitats de praia aberta (de frente para o oceano) e cinco em hábitats interiores aos estuários (lamaçais intertidais, uma ilha fluvial e lagoas artificiais de carcinocultura). Em cada local foram realizados censos visuais com o auxílio de um binóculo e uma luneta. Análises estatísticas foram aplicadas para responder as seguintes questões: (i) ocorrem diferenças nas densidades das espécies entre os hábitats? (ii) qual fator exerce maior influência sobre as variações nas densidades? (iii) de que forma os locais de contagem podem ser agrupados com base na estrutura e composição de espécies de suas assembléias de aves? Ao todo, foram realizadas 72 contagens entre os meses de setembro de 2010 e abril de 2011, durante as quais foram registradas 13 espécies de aves limícolas migratórias: Pluvialis squatarola, Charadrius semipalmatus, Limnodromus griseus, Numenius phaeopus, Actitis macularius, Tringa melanoleuca, Tringa semipalmata, Tringa flavipes, Arenaria interpres, Calidris alba, Calidris pusilla, Calidris minutilla e Calidris fuscicollis. A densidade das espécies variou significativamente entre os estuários e as categorias de hábitats, mas não entre os meses de contagem. O fator que exerceu maior influência sobre as variações na densidade foi a categoria de hábitat. As assembléias de aves que frequentaram as praias abertas foram nitidamente diferentes das assembléias dos hábitats interiores, no que diz respeito à sua composição de espécies e o padrão de dominância. As espécies com maior importância na diferenciação entre as assembléias de praia e interior foram C. alba, N. phaeopus, C. pusilla e C. semipalmatus. Apesar de reconhecermos que fatores não mensurados neste estudo podem ter exercido influência sobre o padrão observado, nossos resultados sugerem que a preferência entre hábitats de praia aberta e hábitats interiores aos estuários pode estar influenciando a distribuição das espécies na paisagem.
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Cook, Benjamin Douglas, and n/a. "An Analysis of Population Connectivity in Lotic Fauna: Constraints of Subdivision for Biotic Responses to Stream Habitat Restoration." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070718.115649.
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Connectivity in ecological systems is a broad concept that embodies the transmission of ecosystem components throughout landscapes at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Of relevance to the present study are the connections (or lack thereof) among local populations of stream fauna - population connectivity in lotic systems. Dispersal, recolonisation and migration are the demographic forms of population connectivity, and gene flow is the genetic aspect of population connectivity. Both forms of population connectivity have underpinned some of the classic theories and hypotheses in stream ecology, and have implications for pure and applied stream ecology, including ecosystem restoration. Conceptual models in ecology can facilitate understanding and predictability of the ecosystem processes they represent, and have potential applicability as management tools or 'rules of thumb' in conservation and restoration programs. Various theoretical models describe potential patterns of connectivity among local populations and in this thesis these models were used to evaluate population connectivity in a freshwater fish (southern pygmy perch, Nannoperca australis) and two reproductively isolated genetic lineages of freshwater shrimp (Paratya spp.) in small, geomorphically degraded streams in south eastern Australia. These streams (the Granite Creeks) have been the focus of a recent habitat restoration trial and several studies have examined fish and macroinvertebrate community responses to the experiment. It was the purpose of this study to contribute information about population connectivity in the selected species to complement these community ecology studies. Population connectivity was examined in these species using molecular data (mitochondrial and nuclear genetic data) and natural abundance isotopic signatures of nitrogen and carbon. At the landscape scale, results showed that populations of N. australis and the P. australiensis lineages were isolated among the streams and among sites within streams, and that there was no consistent pattern of isolation-by-distance in genetic data for any species. Thus, classic models of population connectivity, such as the Island Model and Stepping-Stone Model, were not supported by this study. Results indicated that population models that incorporated more complex aspects of stream structure may be more appropriate than these classic models for approximating observed patterns of population connectivity in lotic systems. The Stream Hierarchy Model (SHM) predicts that the hierarchical aspect of stream structure (i.e. stream confluences) have a dominant role in shaping patterns of population connectivity in lotic fauna, whereby populations among streams are more isolated than those within them. Although stream confluences were found to have an important role in population subdivision for the species examined in this study, the expectations of the SHM were met for only N. australis. For the P. australiensis lineages, the influence of topography (i.e. the longitudinal aspect of stream structure) was just as important as stream confluences in isolating local populations. Large-scale determinants of population isolation were thus found to be associated with both the hierarchical and longitudinal aspects of stream structure, and were not well represented by any single theoretical model of population connectivity. At within-stream scales, upland populations tended to be extremely isolated from other populations and had temporally stable genetic signatures. In contrast, lowland populations were connected to other lowland populations within the same stream to a greater degree, although the connections were patchy and a slight signature of temporal instability in the genetic data was evident for one of the P. australiensis lineages. Thus, metapopulation or patchy population models were found to represent connections among lowland populations within the same stream, although they were not appropriate for describing connectivity among upland populations. This finding highlights the importance of the longitudinal aspect of stream structure in shaping ecological patterns in lotic systems, and demonstrates that local patterns of population connectivity can vary over relatively small spatial scales. Overall, the results illustrate that both hierarchical and longitudinal aspects of stream structure can have important roles in isolating populations of stream fauna. They therefore also represent constraints for the ability of aquatic fauna to colonise restored habitat in streams. The corollary of this, however, is that such isolated populations of stream fauna represent appropriate population units at which to target habitat restoration. The hierarchical and longitudinal aspects of stream structure may thus represent 'rules of thumb' or 'landscape filters' that stream restoration ecologists could use to predict likely isolated populations of lotic fauna across the landscape. Such a 'rule of thumb' might be the inclusion of multiple isolated population units in restoration programs, as this strategy is likely to generate the greatest biological response to the restoration at the landscape scale, particularly with respect to intra-specific genetic diversity captured by restoration. At small spatial scales, such as for a single stream or tributary, the longitudinal aspect of stream structure can be an important factor to consider when designing stream habitat restoration programs. In this study, lowland sites were unstable and there were patchy connections among local lowland populations within the same stream, whereas upland populations were isolated at this scale. In contrast, other studies have found that upstream populations of some species can be connected in a patchy fashion in other systems. For such unstable sections of stream, where there are patchy patterns of local population connectivity, the inclusion of multiple restored patches, especially refugial habitat, is likely to produce the greatest biotic response at the patch scale, particularly with respect to demographic responses (such as local colonisation). Multiple restored refugial patches will enable species to persist throughout the stream section during adverse environmental conditions, will allow for variation in local movement patterns and distances between species and between years with contrasting environment conditions (e.g. stream flow), and may harbour different species assemblages and intraspecific genotypes due to stochastic processes (i.e. have functional heterogeneity). The hierarchical and longitudinal aspects of stream structure are thus important determinants of population connectivity at both large and small spatial scales, and have implications for how stream biota will respond to restoration at patch and landscape scales.
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Lindsten, Madeleine. "Habitatets och funktionella gruppers respons ett år efter dammutrivning : Nianån och Gnarpsån." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-73126.
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Dams are a typical example of how watercourses are being used, especially for production of electricity. Negative consequences that follows are that the character of the watercourse is altered, which in turn affects the composition of organisms. In the summer of 2017, a hydroelectric plant was removed in Nianån. A project started with the purpose to investigate the effects on benthic fauna, one year after the removal. In this study, the watercourse Gnarpsån was also used as a control. It was assumed that the proportion of silt and sand, as well as the water depth had decreased while the water velocity had increased in the habitat of the former reservoir in Nianån. It was also assumed that a change in the density of the benthic fauna should have occurred in Nianån, downstream in the riffle. The abundance of organisms with a burial lifestyle should have decreased in the habitat of the former reservoir, while the abundance of scrapers and filters should increase in the riffle. The result showed few significant physical changes. A difference in substrate composition could be seen in Nianån, however it was the proportion of fine substrates that increased in all habitats (gravel, fine gravel and sand). The water velocity was unchanged in Nianån, and the depth only decreased in the flowing habitat upstream. In both watercourses, 38 different families of macroinvertebrates were found. The proportion of burial animals in the habitat of the former reservoir decreased significantly, but no change in the total density was found. A possible effect may already have been recovered, or more time may need to pass before expected results can be seen. Many factors affect the conditions in the watercourses. To be able to provide better general predictions about the effects of dam removal, further studies are needed, both at the organism level and with a large-scale approach to get a uniform picture of this restoration measure.Dammar är typiska exempel på hur vattendrag utnyttjas, framförallt för elproduktion. Negativa följder är att vattendragets karaktär förändras, vilket i sin tur påverkar sammansättningen av organismer. Sommaren 2017 togs ett kraftverk bort i Nianån. Ett projekt startade med syftet att undersöka effekterna på bentisk fauna ett år efter dammutrivningen. I denna studie används också vattendraget Gnarpsån som en kontroll. Det antogs att andelen silt och sand, samt vattendjupet hade minskat medan vattenhastigheten hade ökat i habitatet i den före detta regleringsdammen i Nianån. Det antogs även att en förändring av tätheten av bottenfauna borde ha skett i Nianån, nedströms i torrfåran. Andelen nedgrävande djur borde ha minskat i habitatet i den före detta regleringsdammen, medan andelen skrapare och filtrerare ökat i torrfåran. Resultatet visade på få signifikanta fysiska förändringar. En viss skillnad i substratsammansättning kunde ses i Nianån, dock var det andelen fint substrat som ökat i samtliga habitat (grus, fint grus och sand). Vattenhastigheten var oförändrad i Nianån, och djupet minskade endast i det strömmande habitatet uppströms. I vattendragen återfanns 38 olika familjer av makroevertebrater. Andelen nedgrävande djur i habitatet i den före detta regleringsdammen minskade signifikant, men någon förändring i total individtäthet påvisades inte. En eventuell effekt kan redan ha återhämtats, eller så behöver mer tid gå innan förväntade resultat kan ses. Många faktorer påverkar förhållandena i vattendragen. För att kunna ge bättre generella förutsägningar om effekter av dammutrivning behövs vidare studier, både på organismnivå och med ett storskaligt synsätt för att få en enhetlig bild över denna restaureringsåtgärd.
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Evans, Julian. "Habitat characterisation of infralittoral pebble beds in the Maltese Islands." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3012.
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The Mediterranean biocoenosis of infralittoral pebbles has been poorly studied and very little information is available on the physical characteristics of pebble beds, on the diversity of the associated assemblages, on the spatial and temporal variation in assemblage structure, or on interactions between the physical and biotic components. The present study was therefore carried out to characterise pebble-bed assemblages as a first step towards understanding the ecological dynamics of these habitats. Preliminary surveys were made along the low-lying coasts of the Maltese Islands to map the occurrence of pebble-bed habitats. Fifteen locations with pebble coverage >25 m² were chosen for study and benthic sampling was undertaken between July–September 2011; water samples were also collected on a monthly basis. Five shallow sites were sampled for biota again at six-month intervals until April 2013. The pebble beds were characterised in terms of environmental parameters and biotic composition. A total of 62,742 individuals belonging to 360 macrofaunal taxa were recorded (total sampling area: 16 m²). Polychaetes, crustaceans and molluscs were the most common faunal groups. The recorded species included the endemic gastropod Gibbula nivosa, and the first central Mediterranean records of three gobiid species. Three distinct pebble-bed types were characterised based on physical and biological features: shallow beds occurring in rocky coves, beds found within creeks or seagrass meadows, and beds located in harbour environments; amendments to internationally used benthic habitat classification schemes have been proposed, since only a single category of pebble-bed habitats is currently recognised in these. A significant seasonal reduction in species richness and abundance was recorded from shallow sites, related to the higher level of disturbance occurring during winter storms. Analysis of diversity patterns in harbour sites indicated that a high richness per site and between-site variation in species composition led to the observed high diversity. Site richness was associated with fine-scale structural complexity, while environmental characteristics were correlated with variation in assemblage structure over a broad range of spatial scales. These findings suggest that pebble beds have a higher conservation value than generally thought. The biologically derived habitat classification scheme and knowledge on assemblage-environment relationships derived from the present work will be useful to inform and guide management decisions concerning these pebble-bed habitats.
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Shirk, Philip. "Sex-specific Habitat Use and Responses to Fragmentation in an Endemic Chameleon Fauna." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/390.
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Chameleons are an understudied taxon facing many threats, including collection for the international pet trade and habitat loss and fragmentation. A recent field study reports a highly female-biased sex ratio in the Eastern Arc Endemic Usambara three horned chameleon, Trioceros deremensis, a large, sexually dimorphic species. This species is collected for the pet trade, and local collectors report males bring a higher price because only this sex has horns. Thus, sex ratios may vary due to differential rates of survival or harvesting. Alternatively, they may simply appear to be skewed if differences in habitat use biases detection of the sexes. Another threat facing chameleons is that of habitat loss and fragmentation. Despite enormous amounts of research, the factors of fragmentation that different species respond to is still under debate. Understanding these responses is important for current mitigation efforts as well as predicting how species will respond to future habitat alteration and climate change. My study suggests that differences in survival and detection may explain much of the observed seasonal sex skew in adult T. deremensis. Within fragmented habitat chameleons consistently responded more to edge effects and vegetative characteristics associated with fragmentation than to area or isolation effects. This may bode poorly for chameleon populations in the coming decades as climate change further alters vegetative communities and exacerbates edge effects.
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Rosa, Renato Oliveira Lopes da. "Padrões biogeográficos da quiropterofauna brasileira." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2015. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/18822.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, 2015.Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2015-11-03T13:21:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_RenatoOliveiraLopesRosa.pdf: 1061791 bytes, checksum: 51d1107297c3f2152433d6aa71af0765 (MD5)
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A regionalização biogeográfica tornou-se um importante produto da biogeografia, possibilitando o entendimento de alguns padrões espaciais da biodiversidade e a formulação de hipóteses biogeográficas sobre a formação da biota, podendo também ser aplicada para determinação de áreas prioritárias e outras estratégias de conservação. Tendo em vista a falta de informações sobre os padrões de distribuição dos morcegos brasileiros, este trabalho visa identificar os padrões de congruência na distribuição dos morcegos brasileiros reconhecendo as áreas de maior endemicidade. Para isto, foi conduzida uma Análise de Endemicidade utilizando o programa NDM, onde a distribuição das espécies foi representada pelos pontos de ocorrência conhecidos e por modelos de distribuição de espécies (SDM) feitos pelo programa MaxEnt utilizando variáveis de precipitação, temperatura, topografia e vegetação. Foram identificados cinco padrões de distribuição para os morcegos brasileiros, sendo eles: “Região Norte”, “Centro-Nordeste”, “Centro-Leste”, “Centro-Sudeste” e “Domínios Florestais”. Os padrões de distribuição dos morcegos se mostraram associados a processos relacionados com a dinâmica de formações vegetais brasileiras, sendo identificados padrões distintos associados às formações abertas e formações florestais. As principais áreas de endemismo identificadas foram denominadas "Região Norte", associada à Amazônia brasileira e o Escudo das Guianas, e "Centro-Nordeste" associada à Caatinga e sua transição com o Cerrado. Também foram identificadas áreas de endemismo associadas ao Cerrado e Serra do Mar. A recente descrição de novas espécies se mostrou fundamental para a identificação dos padrões identificados, e sugiro que essas regiões de alta endemicidade possam ainda esconder grande diversidade críptica de morcegos. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Biogeographic regionalization has become an important product of biogeography, enabling the understanding of some spatial patterns of biodiversity and the development of biogeographical hypotheses on the biota formation, and can also be applied to determine priority areas and other conservation strategies. Given the lack of information on the distribution patterns of Brazilian bats, this paper aims to identify the matching patterns in the distribution of Brazilian bats, recognizing the areas of highest endemicity. For this, I conducted an endemicity analysis using the NDM software, where the distribution of species was represented by the known occurrence points and species distribution models (SDM) made on MaxEnt using variables of precipitation, climate, topography, and vegetation. Five distribution patterns were identified for Brazilian bats, as follows: "Northern Region", "Central-Northeast", "Central-Southeast", "Central-East", and "Forest Domains". Bats distribution patterns were associated with processes related to the dynamics of Brazilian vegetation, in which distinct patterns were associated with open formations and forest formations. The main areas of endemism identified were named "Northern Region", linked to the Brazilian Amazon and the Guyana Shield, and "Central Northeast" associated with the Caatinga and its transition to the Cerrado. I also identified areas of endemism associated with the Brazilian Shield and Cerrado. The recent description of new species proved critical information to the identification of patterns of endemism, and suggest that these regions of high endemicity still can hide great cryptic diversity of bats.
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Calandriello, Carlos J. "The rodent fauna of Long Pine Key, Everglades National Park: a comparison of habitat types." FIU Digital Commons, 1999. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1971.
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Rodents are often involved at several stages of trophic dynamics. Consequently they often play crucial roles in the structure and function of many complex ecological systems. This study sought to address the lack of baseline data concerning rodents in tropical areas, and south Florida in particular. Live trapping took place in the four major habitat types of the Long Pine Key area of Everglades National Park over the course of one year. I compared population structures and abundance of murid rodents in the four habitat types, and tested multiple weather variables for their effectiveness as predictors of rodent abundance. I found the Long Pine Key area to be depauperate in terms of species diversity. Each of the four species of rodent encountered favored a particular habitat type. The density of the understory vegetation and the avoidance of avian predators in particular appear to be the most important factors in the distribution and abundance of rodents in the Long Pine Key area of Everglades National Park.
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Clague, Christopher Ian. "An investigation into the assemblage structure of the microchiropteran fauna of the Queensland tropical upland wet sclerophyll zone/." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18310.pdf.
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Dornelles, Sidnei da Silva. "Impactos da duplicação de rodovias : variação da mortalidade de fauna na BR 101 Sul." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7129.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Roadkill and isolation of populations due to the barrier effect can be considered the main direct impacts of roads on wildlife. Mammals by behavioral, size and charisma features are one of the groups of vertebrates that require mitigation for mortality, as they are also among the most seriously injured on roads. An important approach to effectively mitigate roadkill on highways is to locate the points where roadkill are concentrated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variation in mortality of mammals due to the duplication of the BR 101 highway south. In addition to the K Ripley aggregation analysis, were generated habitat suitability models (MAH) to identify favorable locations roadkill species, using the model functional groups for prediction of highway stretches with more chances to roadkill. It was recorded 21 taxa of mammals get hit, being the most abundant gender Didelphis (n = 721), followed by Cerdocyon thous (n = 108). The abundance of carcasses decreases between before and after the duplication (F 18.04 p = <0.001). Hotspots were not overlapped between the periods analyzed, indicating that some explanatory factor has changed over the work. Observing the variables that contributed most to the models for each functional group, we noted that there were differences in the most influential variables for each functional group in different periods. Of the nine generated models, we note that six variables contributed more than 20% in different models. There were differences between the periods before, during and after the duplication of the variables that contributed most or contribution value in functional groups. These differences may reflect the change in the distribution of roadkill among highway doubling periods. Both approaches demonstrated that there have been changes in the magnitude and distribution of roadkill in the period prior to the period after duplication. So a highway with two paviments differ from a highway with four paviments about how the mammals react in terms of movement and relationship to landscape.
A morte por atropelamentos e o isolamento de populações devido ao efeito de barreira podem ser considerados os principais impactos diretos das rodovias sobre a fauna silvestre. Os mamíferos pelas características comportamentais, tamanho e carisma são um dos grupos de vertebrados que necessitam mitigações para a mortalidade, visto que também estão entre os que mais morrem em rodovias. Uma abordagem importante para mitigar efetivamente os atropelamentos em rodovias é localizar os pontos onde os atropelamentos estão concentrados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variação da mortalidade de mamíferos em função da duplicação da rodovia BR 101 sul. Além da análise de agregação de K de Ripley, foram gerados modelos de adequabilidade de habitat (MAH) para identificar locais favoráveis a atropelamentos de espécies, usando no modelo grupos funcionais para a predição de trechos da rodovia com mais chances de atropelamento. Registrou-se 21 taxóns de mamíferos atropelados, sendo o mais abundante o gênero Didelphis (n=721), seguido de Cerdocyon thous (n=108). A abundância de carcaças diminui entre o antes e o depois da duplicação (F=18,04; p<0,001). Os hotspots não foram sobrepostos entre os períodos analisados, indicando que algum fator explicativo mudou ao longo da obra. Observando as variáveis que mais contribuíram com os modelos para cada grupo funcional, notamos que houve diferença nas variáveis mais influentes para cada grupo funcional nos diferentes períodos. Dos nove modelos gerados, notamos que seis variáveis contribuíram em mais de 20% em diferentes modelos. Houve diferença entre os períodos de antes, durante e depois da duplicação das variáveis que mais contribuíram ou do valor de contribuição nos grupos funcionais. Estas diferenças podem ser reflexo da mudança na distribuição dos atropelamentos entre os períodos da duplicação da rodovia. As duas abordagens demonstraram que houveram mudanças na magnitude e distribuição dos atropelamentos no período antes em relação ao período após a duplicação. Portanto uma rodovia com dois pavimentos funciona diferente de uma rodovia de quatro pavimentos em relação a como a mastofauna reage em termos de movimentação e relação com paisagem.
Books on the topic "Fauna habitat"
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Spicciarelli, Renato. Fauna del Sirino: Animali e habitat. Potenza]: Amministrazione Provinciale di Potenza, 1999.
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Khrabryĭ, V. M. Ptit͡s︡y Sankt-Peterburga: Fauna, razmeshchenie, okhrana. Sankt-Peterburg: Zoologicheskiĭ in-t AN SSSR, 1991.
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McDougal, Leigh A., Kelly M. Russell, and Kevin N. Leftwich. A conservation assessment of freshwater fauna and habitat in the southern national forests. Washington, D.C: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Region, 2001.
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Dalton, Larry B. Fauna of southeastern Utah and life requisites regarding their ecosystems. Salt Lake City, Utah (1596 W. North Temple, Salt Lake 84116): Utah Dept. of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife Resources, 1990.
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Coll, Marian T. The Carabid Fauna (Coleoptera:Carabidae) of Irish Woodlands and Adjacent Habitats. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1998.
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Stevens, B. G. A study on the utility of log piling structures as artificial habitats for red king crabs and other fauna. [Kodiak, Alaska: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Kodiak Fishery Research Center], 2002.
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Patton, David R. Wildlife habitat relationships in forested ecosystems. Portland, Or: Timber press, 1997.
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Wildlife habitat relationships in forested ecosystems. Portland, Or: Timber Press, 1992.
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Reitsma, J. M. Habitat- en corridorfunktie van oevers voor fauna: Zoogdieren, vogels, amfibieën en reptielen, vissen, insekten. Delft: Rijkswaterstaat, Dienst Weg- en Waterbouwkunde, 1992.
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Doerpinghaus, Annette. Methoden zur Erfassung von Arten der Anhänge IV und V der Fauna-Flora-Habitat-Richtlinie. Bonn-Bad Godesberg: Bundesamt für Naturschutz, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Fauna habitat"
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Claridge, Andrew W., and James M. Trappe. "Managing habitat for mycophagous (fungus-feeding) mammals: a burning issue?" In Conservation of Australia's Forest Fauna, 936–46. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2004.936.
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Wardell-Johnson, Grant, and Owen Nichols. "Forest wildlife and habitat management in southwestern Australia: knowledge, research and direction." In Conservation of Australia’s Forest Fauna, 161–92. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/rzsnsw.1991.015.
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Neave, H. M., and T. W. Norton. "Integrated management of forest wildlife: comments on new ways to research habitat." In Conservation of Australia’s Forest Fauna, 229–36. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/rzsnsw.1991.019.
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Rowston, Coral, and Carla P. Catterall. "Habitat segregation, competition and selective deforestation: effects on the conservation status of two similarPetaurusgliders." In Conservation of Australia's Forest Fauna, 741–47. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2004.044.
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Smith, Andrew P. "Koala conservation and habitat requirements in a timber production forest in north-east New South Wales." In Conservation of Australia's Forest Fauna, 591–611. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2004.033.
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Dickman, Chris R., and Tracey E. Steeves. "Use of habitat by mammals in eastern Australian forests: are common species important in forest management?" In Conservation of Australia's Forest Fauna, 761–73. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2004.046.
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Garkaklis, M. J., M. C. Calver, B. A. Wilson, and G. E. St J. Hardy. "Habitat alteration caused by an introduced plant disease, Phytophthora cinnamomi: a potential threat to the conservation of Australian forest fauna." In Conservation of Australia's Forest Fauna, 899–913. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2004.899.
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Schulz, M., and L. Ransom. "Rapid fauna habitat assessment of the Sydney metropolitan catchment area." In The Natural History of Sydney, 371–401. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2010.030.
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Soares, Filipa C., Joana M. Hancock, Jorge M. Palmeirim, Hugulay Albuquerque Maia, Tariq Stévart, and Ricardo F. de Lima. "Species Ecology in the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands: Distribution, Habitat Preferences, Assemblages, and Interactions." In Biodiversity of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands, 171–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06153-0_7.
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AbstractThe oceanic islands of the Gulf of Guinea (Príncipe, São Tomé, and Annobón) are an exceptional centre of endemism for flora and fauna. Remarkable progress has been made in biological research during the last few decades: from species being described and reported for the first time, to general patterns of species-habitat associations found across terrestrial, coastal, and marine taxa. Despite this increase in knowledge, key aspects of Gulf of Guinea species ecology remain poorly understood. This chapter reviews existing knowledge on the biodiversity of the islands, focusing on species distributions, population abundance estimates, traits, habitat associations and interactions. To promote these islands as ecological models, and to ensure the future of their endemic-rich biodiversity, it is essential to overcome current knowledge gaps and reduce existing taxonomic, spatial, and temporal biases in the information available. Therefore, future studies should favour systematic island-wide surveys and prioritize understudied areas and taxonomic groups. Moreover, long-term monitoring studies are urgently needed to assess biodiversity trends and to advise conservation actions. The future of ecological research and conservation of the unique biodiversity of these islands must increasingly rely on the development of local biodiversity-focused scientific expertise, through outreach, capacity building, and advanced training, paired with international collaborations and the development of local organizations.
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Drew, Richard A. I., and Meredith C. Romig. "Species and speciation." In The fruit fly fauna (Diptera: Tephritideae: Dacinae) of Papua New Guinea, Indonesian Papua, Associated Islands and Bougainville, 7–8. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249514.0004.
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Abstract This chapter discusses two species models, which are diametrically opposed. The first, often called the 'biological species concept', defines species in terms of 'reproductive isolation', convinced that species arise when subsets of a population are split off and remain geographically isolated over evolutionary time. If and when such new species are reunited with their founder population, interbreeding does not occur, or if it does, infertile progeny result. Hence, from the biological species concept, natural selection is a primary agent of change and directly selects for new species. In this sense, species are the direct products of natural selection and they are therefore 'adaptive devices'. When applying this species concept, it has been impossible to separate some sibling species of fruit flies in the genus Bactrocera where distinct morphological species can be similar in molecular analyses of certain DNA sequences, while similar species morphologically are distinct in the same molecular characters. A radically different model, the 'recognition concept of species', relies heavily on a knowledge of species ecology and behaviour, particularly in their natural habitat. The principal points in this concept are given. In contrast to the now-outdated biological species concept that leads one to depend on laboratory-based research to define species, the recognition concept requires workers to undertake extensive field research in the habitat of the taxon under investigation. In translating this approach to research in the insect family Tephritidae, particularly the Dacinae, some 35 years of field surveys have been undertaken throughout the Indian subcontinent, South-east Asia and the South Pacific region. These surveys included trapping using male lure traps and host fruit collections of commercial/edible fruits. The results of this work have included the provision of specimens of almost all known species for morphological descriptions (c.800 species), material for male pheromone chemistry, and data on host fruit relationships and biogeographical studies.
Conference papers on the topic "Fauna habitat"
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Kanzaki, Natsumi. "Termite-associated nematode fauna in relation to their host/carrier termite habitat." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.93885.
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Lopes, Anália Maria Rodrigues, DENISE REGINA LEITE LEÃO, and THAYNARA LORAYNE COSTA OLIVEIRA. "IMPACTO DAS RODOVIAS NA BIODIVERSIDADE DE FAUNA BRASILEIRA." In I Congresso Brasileiro de Biodiversidade Virtual. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/1112.
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Introdução: Apesar das diversas vantagens para a sociedade humana, as rodovias não apresentam apenas aspectos positivos, pois podem ser consideradas como um dos maiores problemas que o homem tem causado ao meio ambiente, sendo um fator importante na perda de biodiversidade, causando danos direto e indireto ao ecossistema como a destruição da vegetação, além de trazerem poluição, alterações microclimática, fragmentação de habitat, e principalmente a mortalidade da fauna. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os impactos causados pelas rodovias na fauna brasileira, e quais as estratégias que deveriam ser implementadas para reverter essa situação. Métodos: Atualmente, as rodovias ocupam grande parte do território brasileiro, o que é fundamental para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico, gerando oportunidades de emprego e serviços, instalando assim novos territórios residenciais, comerciais e industriais. Mediante a literatura a exploração dos recursos naturais e a diminuição de espécie têm aumentado cada vez mais, com o intuito de atender a demanda da população, e infelizmente essas ações afetam diretamente à perda continua da biodiversidade. Resultado: Um dos principais transtornos das rodovias é a divisão de habitats, dificultando o fluxo das espécies, pois a maioria dessas estradas é construída em rota de deslocamento para muitos animais, os quais ao ultrapassarem em busca de abrigo ou comida, tem grande possibilidade de colisão com os automóveis; O atropelamento de animais silvestre é muito comum em diversas rodovias pelo país, provocando a redução populacional da fauna, restringindo também a movimentação de animais, com isso muitas espécies, tanto de animais quanto de plantas, originárias de ambientes endêmicos, estão sendo ameaçadas de extinção. Conclusão: Diante dos fatos mencionados é notório que métodos de monitoramento e medidas mitigatórias precisam ser realizados para a conservação das diversas espécies, como a implantação de túneis e ecodutos de passagem de fauna, com a finalidade de proporcionar uma forma mais segura na travessia dos animais, também instalações de placas sinalizadoras na estrada e de redutores eletrônicos de velocidade em diversas rodovias pelo país, com o intuído de reduzir os índices de atropelamentos seria fundamental na diminuição desses impactos negativos.
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Vieira, Aleska Caroline, and Hylio Laganá Fernandes. "O USO DE QUADRINHOS COMO FERRAMENTA DE EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NA CONSERVAÇÃO DO MUTUM-DE-ALAGOAS (PAUXI MITU)." In I Congresso Brasileiro On-line de Ensino em Zoologia. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/3089.
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Introdução: Em decorrência de ações antrópicas como a caça e o desmatamento, o habitat do mutum-de-Alagoas (Pauxi mitu), localizado em área de Mata Atlântica do Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco (CEP), foi em sua maior parte perdido. Consequentemente várias espécies foram afetadas, principalmente a ave símbolo do estado que chegou a ser considerada extinta na natureza. Devido a esforços de instituições e colaboradores, após quatro décadas o mutum-de-Alagoas está sendo reintroduzido ao seu habitat natural. Objetivos: Elaborar histórias em quadrinhos (HQ) como meio de divulgação científica e educação ambiental, a fim de conscientizar a comunidade e auxiliar na conservação da ave, da Mata Atlântica do CEP e, consequentemente, também de outras espécies que lá habitam. Material e métodos: Para a produção das HQ tem-se utilizado uma mesa digitalizadora, um notebook e um programa de ilustração digital. Além disso, a série “Cerrado em Quadrinhos” serviu como inspiração para a criação do “Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco em Quadrinhos”. A publicação das tirinhas está sendo realizada no perfil do Instagram @projetoarcacep. Optou-se por este meio de divulgação devido ao número de seguidores que o perfil já tem (atualmente 522) e também por este trabalho estar vinculado ao Projeto ARCA do CEP (Avaliação, Recuperação e Conservação de Fauna Ameaçada de Extinção do Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco). Resultados: Os resultados obtidos até o momento dizem respeito ao engajamento das tirinhas publicadas, levando em consideração número de curtidas, comentários, compartilhamentos e salvos. Ao analisar conteúdo, narrativa, estrutura e arte, percebeu-se maior interação com os quadrinhos que possuem mais recursos gráficos, como cenário de fundo e presença de mais cores. Conclusão: Os quadrinhos que mais chamaram a atenção dos seguidores foram aqueles com mais elementos artísticos e se espera que ocorra a conscientização dos leitores acerca da importância da conservação do mutum-de-Alagoas e do CEP.
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Maas, Toon, Laurent Ney, and Eric Bodarwè. "ViA15 - A paradigm switch for bridge design." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.2035.
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<p>Designing new highway infrastructure creates accessibility and improve traffic situations, however, on the direct environment, a positive impact is less evident. This paper discusses the project vision and the bridge design of the new highway infrastructure over the Pannerdensch Kanaal and its surrounding Natura-2000 area. The project is part of the extension of the A15 and connection to the A12 in Gelderland, The Netherlands. When designing new highway infrastructure, the car is the biggest winner. The others unfortunately tend to lose. The others are, what we like to call, “The local habitat”: local population, cyclists and pedestrians, but as well the flora and fauna. A paradigm switch is needed and lays at the basis of this nature-inclusive infrastructure, with the longest covered cycle bridge in the world.</p>
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Maas, Toon, Laurent Ney, and Eric Bodarwè. "ViA15 - A paradigm switch for bridge design." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.2035.
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<p>Designing new highway infrastructure creates accessibility and improve traffic situations, however, on the direct environment, a positive impact is less evident. This paper discusses the project vision and the bridge design of the new highway infrastructure over the Pannerdensch Kanaal and its surrounding Natura-2000 area. The project is part of the extension of the A15 and connection to the A12 in Gelderland, The Netherlands. When designing new highway infrastructure, the car is the biggest winner. The others unfortunately tend to lose. The others are, what we like to call, “The local habitat”: local population, cyclists and pedestrians, but as well the flora and fauna. A paradigm switch is needed and lays at the basis of this nature-inclusive infrastructure, with the longest covered cycle bridge in the world.</p>
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Prusch, Fabiane, HENRIQUE FICH DE MORAES, and LUCIANA LAITANO DIAS DE CASTRO. "OBSERVAÇÃO DE FAUNA LOCAL COMO FERRAMENTA PARA A CONSOLIDAÇÃO DO APRENDIZADO NA DISCIPLINA DE MEDICINA DE ANIMAIS SILVESTRES E EXÓTICOS DO CURSO DE MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA DA UCS." In III Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências Biologicas. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/iii-conbracib/7573.
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Introdução: O aprendizado teórico consolida-se pela aplicação prática dos conteúdos estudados. A importância da fauna animal e os aspectos de sua interação com o meio ambiente, incluindo a sua categorização em silvestre, exótica e doméstica, são temas discutidos e apresentados em aulas em uma disciplina do curso de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS). A observação de fauna é um recurso amplamente utilizado em ciências biológicas, porém pouco aplicado no contexto da medicina veterinária. O registro fotográfico é uma forma de transmitir e compartilhar conhecimentos, assim como estudos em grupos. Objetivo: Relatar os resultados da observação de fauna animal local feita por acadêmicos de medicina veterinária. Materiais e métodos: No mês de abril de 2022, 55 alunos da disciplina de Medicina de Animais Silvestres e Exóticos do curso de Medicina Veterinária da UCS realizaram uma caminhada em torno dos dois lagos artificiais pertencentes a estrutura do campus-sede da universidade, situados à 29°09'41.8"S 51°08'48.5"W, na cidade de Caxias do Sul, RS, adjacentes a um fragmento de floresta de araucárias, para observar a composição das classes, ordens, gêneros ou espécies animais habitantes do local. Foram divididos em dois grupos, em dois horários entre 14h e 18h. Em duplas ou trios, fotografaram os indivíduos avistados, e debateram entre o grupo e a professora aspectos relacionados à sua inserção naquele habitat. Após, relataram através de registro fotográfico e taxonômico. Resultados: Obtiveram-se um total de 28 relatórios. Em todos reportaram-se indivíduos de três classes: aves, peixes e répteis. Avistaram-se espécies silvestres como quero-quero (Vanellus chilensis), bem-te-vi (Pitangus sulfuratus), carcará (Caracara plancus) e cágado tigre-d’água (Trachemys dorbigni). Espécies exóticas como cágado-de-orelha-vermelha (Trachemys scripta) e seus produtos híbridos também foram registradas. A superpopulação de peixes como tilápias (Tilapia sp.) e carpas (Cyprinus sp.) chamou atenção, assim como alguns animais apresentando injúrias. A fauna predominante do local teve característica urbana, com inserção de espécies exóticas, especialmente peixes e répteis. Conclusão: O avistamento de animais e sua integração com as estruturas naturais e artificiais onde se inserem possibilitaram uma melhor associação e compreensão do aprendizado teórico pelos acadêmicos.
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Tabeta, Shigeru, Ken Okamoto, Takayoshi Kato, Rikito Hisamatsu, Hiroaki Muto, Akinori Hino, Motohiko Murai, Sho Ito, Daisuke Kitazawa, and Takeshi Kinoshita. "Environmental Regeneration for a Small-Scale Beach “Heda-Mihama Project”." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95596.
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Abstract In 1950’s and 1960’s, Mihama beach in Heda Bay located on western coast of Izu peninsular had been famous for the richness in shell fauna, for example, about 400 species including rare ones were collected. In 2000’s, however, the impoverishment of ecosystem function has become considerable, which led us to project the investigation on the origin and restoration. The authors carried out field survey in 2007–2008 and found that the impoverishment of Mihama is derived not from surface water but from the benthic environment. The measured water current at the site was quite small, which indicated the water exchange was very weak. It must be one of the main causes of unfavorable benthic environment. Thus environmental regeneration plans for Mihama was proposed in which the pears blocking the water current be removed. In order to assess the effect of proposed plans, simulation-based habitat evaluation was conducted. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic and sediment transport models were developed to reproduce the characteristics of currents and predict the sediment size around Mihama. For the assessment of the ecological status, HEP (Habitat Evaluation Procedure) was employed, in which one of the typical species of bivalves is chosen as a target species. Water depth, sediment size, friction velocity at the bottom, etc. were considered as the environmental factors for the target species. The suitability indices (SI) for each environmental factors were calculated by using the results of hydrodynamic and sediment transport simulations. By using the developed scheme, total habitat unit was evaluated for the proposed regeneration plans and compared to that without countermeasures. It was predicted that the removal of the piers will improve the habitat condition in the target site. Based on the proposal by the authors, a water pathway under the pier was built in 2009. The authors conducted field survey again in 2014 and confirmed that the benthic environment has been improved.
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Trakić, Tanja, Mirjana Stojanović, Filip Popović, Slobodanka Radosavljević, and Jovana Sekulić. "DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC SPECIES „CERNOSVITOVIA DUDICHI“ IN SERBIA." In 1st INTERNATIONAL Conference on Chemo and BioInformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac,, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi21.230t.
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The genus Cernosvitovia consists of nine species in the whole world. Out of the nine species, eight species are with primary distribution in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula (except Cernosvitovia schweigeri). In the Lumbricidae fauna of Serbia, seven species from this genus have been registered. Among them, 6 taxa are endemic. The aim of this paper is to present new data of the endemic species Cernosvitovia dudichi Zicsi & Šapkarev, 1982, based on the current taxonomic status of species, literature data, and our unpublished data. In this paper, we have summarized the knowledge on the geographic distribution, biology, and habitat C. dudichi in Serbia. Our recent investigations have revealed new records for C. dudichi in Central Serbia. After 30 years, this species was found in another place in this area, in Goč Mt. New locality suggests that C. dudichi possess a wider range than it was previously thought.
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Dos Santos, Alyson José Gonçalves, Ana Barbara Barros, Alexandre Martins Costa Lopes, and Tadeu Gomes De Oliveira. "ETNOZOOLÓGIA E USO DE VESTÍGIOS PARA INVENTARIO E CONSERVAÇÃO DE MAMÍFEROS EM BORDAS DE FRAGMENTOS NO SUL DE MINAS GERAIS." In I Congresso Brasileiro de Biodiversidade Virtual. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/1068.
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Introdução: O Brasil possui a maior biodiversidade de mamíferos do mundo, sendo 734 espécies atualmente descritas, representando cerca de 13% da fauna de mamíferos do planeta. O avanço das atividades humanas, tem afetado diretamente esta fauna, devido a caça descontrolada, diminuição de habitat e introdução de animais exóticos, que causam grande impacto para essa fauna de animais silvestres. Decorrente a isso, as atividades conservacionistas para estes fins vem sendo cada vez mais colocadas em pauta. Diante disso, o estudo etnozoológico vem se destacando, pelo fato de apresentar-se como o estudo da ciência zoológica, elaborada através de saberes e crenças da forma que o homem percebe, classifica e utiliza os animais, assim atualizando-se destes conhecimentos, para elaborar estratégias de conservação envolvendo a interação dos humanos com os animais silvestres. Objetivos: Levantamento de mamíferos através de vestígios e diagnostico etnozoológico de produtores em campo, se deu através de buscas ativas quinzenais, realizadas durante novembro de 2019 a novembro de 2020, em bordas de fragmentos no município de Heliodora-MG. Os dados etnozoológicos foram obtidos mediante a visitas, de outubro a dezembro do ano de 2020. Resultados: Em 12 meses de coleta de campo, foram registradas 16 espécies de mamíferos silvestres, pertencentes a 15 gêneros, 11 famílias e sete ordens. A ordem Carnívora foi a mais abundante, com sete espécies, seguida de Rodentia, Lagomorpha e Cingulata com dois táxons por ordem, o restante, Artiodactyla, Didelphimorphia e Primates com um táxon por ordem. Os produtores rurais, citaram todas as espécies registradas em campo, acrescentando, seis espécies a ordem Carnívora, duas a Rodentia, Artiodactyla, e Didelphimorphia, e, uma, a Primates e Pilosa. Conclusão: Os aspectos etnozoológicos abordados neste trabalho, foram de suma importância para adquirir informações presentes e históricas da riqueza de mamíferos do local. Quando se observa um acréscimo no número de espécies pré-existentes, fica evidente, a eficácia do uso do estudo etnozoológico para inventários faunísticos, que, embora se faça necessário, uma maior investigação dos dados obtidos junto a população, são extremamente necessários para elaborar estratégias conservacionistas para o local.
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Couto, João Pedro Piccolo, Lara Celeste Araujo Do Carmo Cordeiro, Fernanda Moura Freitas, Thiago De Almeida Bezerra, and Juliana Ramos Cavalcante. "EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: FERRAMENTA PARA MINIMIZAR OS IMPACTOS DE CÃES DOMÉSTICOS SOBRE O LEOPARDUS TIGRINUS EM UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO." In I Congresso Nacional On-line de Conservação e Educação Ambiental. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/1770.
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Introdução: Conhecido como Gato-do-mato-pequeno (GDM), o Leopardus tigrinus é uma espécie de felídeo selvagem neotropical, no Brasil pode ser encontrado nos biomas cerrado e caatinga. De acordo com os órgãos reguladores IUCN e IBAMA, é o único carnívoro ameaçado no Brasil e em estado de vulnerabilidade à nível internacional. Devido a presença do cão doméstico em áreas florestais, tendo por consequência competição por presas, redução do habitat e transmissão de doenças, estes acabam se concentrando em áreas de conservação ambiental. Mesmo assim, esses locais, são impactados pela presença de cães abandonados que vivem nas proximidades. Objetivos: Este trabalho visa analisar dados levantados sobre os impactos dos canídeos domésticos sobre o Leopardus tigrinus presentes em unidades de conservação (UC’s). E, a partir destes, demonstrar como a educação ambiental foi feita, e como pode ajudar no enfrentamento desse quadro. Material e métodos: Os estudos observam áreas de preservação de fauna onde se tinha problemas de redução populacional em animais silvestres (incluindo o gato-do-mato-pequeno). A partir disso, e do entendimento de como ocorreu o processo de entrada dos cães nas UC’s, foi realizado um trabalho de educação ambiental com a população moradora das proximidades, orientando quanto ao manejo sanitário e nutricional dos cães. Visando, dentre outros pontos, demonstrar medidas de controle como campanhas de castração e vacinação dos cães, sendo algumas realizadas pela própria população, buscando formas de conservação e diminuição dos canídeos domésticos nos habitats do gato-do-mato. Conforme as fontes utilizadas, a redução dos cães domésticos no ambiente do Leopardus tigrinus gera benefícios a esses felinos em diversas esferas. Resultados: É observado uma redução de doenças como cinomose, parvovirose e raiva; um aumento na área disponível para o GDM; e a diminuição da competição por presas, do próprio Leopardus tigrinus e do habitat disponível. Conclusão: Com base nas informações discorridas anteriormente, conclui-se que os cães domésticos são obstáculos para a conservação do gato-do-mato por diversas maneiras. Portanto, por se tratar de uma espécie invasora doméstica, a educação ambiental é o principal meio para a diminuição dos cães em áreas de conservação e, consequentemente, melhor preservação dos Leopardus tigrinus nessas UC’s.