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Brocklehurst, Neil, Michael O. Day, Bruce S. Rubidge, and Jörg Fröbisch. "Olson's Extinction and the latitudinal biodiversity gradient of tetrapods in the Permian." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1852 (April 5, 2017): 20170231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0231.
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The terrestrial vertebrate fauna underwent a substantial change in composition between the lower and middle Permian. The lower Permian fauna was characterized by diverse and abundant amphibians and pelycosaurian-grade synapsids. During the middle Permian, a therapsid-dominated fauna, containing a diverse array of parareptiles and a considerably reduced richness of amphibians, replaced this. However, it is debated whether the transition is a genuine event, accompanied by a mass extinction, or whether it is merely an artefact of the shift in sampling from the palaeoequatorial latitudes to the palaeotemperate latitudes. Here we use an up-to-date biostratigraphy and incorporate recent discoveries to thoroughly review the Permian tetrapod fossil record. We suggest that the faunal transition represents a genuine event; the lower Permian temperate faunas are more similar to lower Permian equatorial faunas than middle Permian temperate faunas. The transition was not consistent across latitudes; the turnover occurred more rapidly in Russia, but was delayed in North America. The argument that the mass extinction is an artefact of a latitudinal biodiversity gradient and a shift in sampling localities is rejected: sampling correction demonstrates an inverse latitudinal biodiversity gradient was prevalent during the Permian, with peak diversity in the temperate latitudes.
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Tarailo, David A., and David E. Fastovsky. "Post–Permo-Triassic terrestrial vertebrate recovery: southwestern United States." Paleobiology 38, no. 4 (2012): 644–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/11054.1.
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Recovery of marine biodiversity following the Permo-Triassic extinction is thought to have been delayed relative to other mass extinctions. Terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity is said to have taken as much as 15 Myr longer to recover than the marine. The present study tests, at the scale of an individual fossil community, whether a disparity in biodiversity existed in the American Southwest, between the Moenkopi Formation, containing an early Middle Triassic (Anisian) terrestrial tetrapod fauna, and the Chinle Formation, containing a successor Late Triassic (Norian) tetrapod fauna. Taking Chinle faunal biodiversity to represent full biotic recovery, comparison of taxonomic and guild diversity of faunas from similar depositional and taphonomic environments in these two formations allowed us to assess the possibility of incipient terrestrial recovery of biodiversity in the Anisian.Comparisons were made between the Holbrook Member fauna of the Moenkopi, a unit best characterized as a low-sinuosity medium- to coarse-grained fluvial deposit, and each of four Chinle stratigraphic units, representing fluvial settings from sandy low-sinuosity to muddy high-sinuosity. Three metrics were applied: generic and familial taxonomic diversity and guild diversity; these were compared by rarefaction. Simpson and Shannon diversity metrics augmented the analysis. Units of extraordinary preservation in the Chinle—the so-called blue layers—were removed from the analysis. In all tests the biodiversity of the Holbrook Member fauna is within the variation seen in Chinle faunas.If the results of our study represent global conditions, they suggest that by at least early Anisian time (∼6 Myr after the P/T extinction) biodiversity had reached levels comparable to those seen in the Late Triassic. This potentially brings the terrestrial vertebrate recovery in line with the 4–8 Myr it took for recovery in the marine realm.
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GÖKTÜRK, Temel. "Contributions to the fauna of Kılıçkaya (Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey)." Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.38059/biodiversity.499881.
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Vshivkova, T. S. "BIODIVERSITY OF FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES OF THE BASTAK STATE NATURE RESERVE." Regional problems 25, no. 2 (2022): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31433/2618-9593-2022-25-2-34-37.
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The author presents the data on the fauna of aquatic invertebrates of the Bastak State Nature Reserve (BSNR) and adjacent territories located in the Middle Amur River basin, as well as the results of comparing the species composition and faunal structure of four studied areas: (1) the mountainous region of cluster Central in the BSNR and (2) the plain section of the Glinyanka River (the cluster Central); (3) the BSNR cluster Zabelovsky , and the adjacent section of the Amur River near the village of Nizhnespasskoye ; (4) lowland lakes in the vicinity of Birobidzhan. The faunas high specificity of these geomorphologically and hydrologically different areas and significant structural differences of taxonomic composition.
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Abensperg-traun, M., G. W. Arnold, D. E. Steven, G. T. Smith, L. Atkins, J. J. Viveen, and M. Gutter. "Biodiversity indicators in semi-arid, agricultural Western Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 2, no. 4 (1995): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc960375.
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The predicted future loss of native Australian species of plants and animals, in part as a result of adverse land management strategies, has led to attempts to identify areas of high biotic richness (numbers of species). Bioindicators are measures of the physical environment, or of a subset of the plants or animals, that best predict biotic richness. Ideally, bioindicators should aim at predicting as large a component of the plant or animal fauna as is possible at minimum cost. For two contrasting vegetation types, we examined remnant area, vegetation structural diversity, species richness of plants, lizards and terrestrial arthropods, and the relative abundance of individual arthropod species, as indicators of faunal richness, using correlation, principal component regression and stepwise regression analyses. The study was carried out in gimlet Eucalyptus salubris woodlands (29 sites) and shrublands (27 sites) in semi-arid, agricultural Western Australia. Sites varied considerably in grazing history (woodland) and in farming history (shrubland). Fauna sampled were lizards (woodland), scorpions (woodland), isopods (woodland), cockroaches (woodland), termites (woodland, shrubland), earwigs (woodland), hemipterans (shrubland), beetles (woodland, shrubland), butterflies (shrubland) and ants (woodland, shrubland). None of the indicator variables in any analyses effectively predicted total faunal richness for either vegetation type (<35% of variation in total richness explained). In correlation analyses for woodlands, vegetation structural diversity and plant richness, but no fauna variable, explained a high percentage of the variation in the richness of lizards (56% explained by richness of native plants, +ve), scorpions (48%, richness of native plants, +ve), termites (55%, vegetation structural diversity, +ve) and beetles (59%, litter, –ve). The richness of the shrubland fauna was poorly predicted by all indicator variables (<25% explained). When using the total richness and abundance of ant functional groups, the abundance of a subset of species within ant functional groups, and of termite and beetle species, in principal component regressions, various ant functional groups explained 42% each of the richness of scorpions and beetles, and eight beetle species explained 50% of termite richness. When remnant area, vegetation structural diversity and the richness of native plants in woodland were tested in step-wise regressions as indicators of total faunal richness, remnant area was the only significant indicator variable, explaining 33% of total richness. The richness of native plants and vegetation structural diversity explained a total of 76% of the pooled richness of lizards + scorpions + termites. No significant indicator variable was found by regression procedures for total richness, or for a subset, of the shrubland fauna. We argue that differences in the predictive qualities of vegetation structure and plant richness between the vegetation types was due, in part, to differences in the spatial heterogeneity of biotic richness, and possibly the scale at which structure was measured. The use of structural diversity or plant richness as predictors of faunal richness for different woodland types, or those with different disturbance histories, or in different geographic or climatic regions, should not be adopted without verification of their efficiency at predicting the richness of the local fauna.
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Salas, María José. "Assessing the biodiversity of Ordovician ostracods from the Argentine Precordillera." Journal of Paleontology 81, no. 6 (November 2007): 1442–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/06-003r.1.
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Ostracod faunas from the Lower to Middle Ordovician rocks of the Argentine Precordillera Basin (Gualcamayo and Las Aguaditas Formations) are studied. A new family, Garcianidae, is erected. One new genus,Jeanvannieria, and six species are recognized, two of which are new (Jachalipisthia bicornataandJeanvannieria bulbosa). The diversity and composition of the Precordilleran ostracods is evaluated on the basis of previous taxonomic analysis and the fauna studied here. The diversity is moderate, with a peak of 50 species during the early Caradoc. The composition of the fauna is characterized by the dominance of podocopes with a high percentage of binodicopes and a lack of palaeocopes, which is in agreement with a deep shelf environment. The carbonate slope setting of the Las Aguaditas Formation is the deepest environment yet found with Ordovician ostracods and records a relatively diverse fauna. The presence ofEctoprimitioidessuggests biogeographic affinities between the Precordillera and Laurentia. The rest of the fauna contains a high percentage of endemic genera and a mixture of genera with several affinities, Baltic, peri-Gondwanan, and Australian.
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Dauvin, Jean-Claude, and Denise Bellan-Santini. "Biodiversity and the biogeographic relationships of the Amphipoda: Gammaridea on the French coastline." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84, no. 3 (May 24, 2004): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315404009658h.
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A recent inventory of the benthic Gammaridea: Amphipoda species on the French continental coastline catalogued 495 species. An analysis of the biodiversity and the biogeographic relationships that exist between the French Amphipoda: Gammaridea, living on the coastline that extends along 10° latitude range in the temperate region between 41° and 51° North and the other gammaridean faunas living in the north-eastern Atlantic has drawn the pattern of diversity in this marine invertebrate group on a large biogeographical scale. Gammaridean amphipods exhibit a latitudinal gradient over the total number of species, including the continental shelf species and the bathyal species. There are four main fauna groups, which correspond to the biogeographical zones of the north-eastern Atlantic: (1) a cold arctic and cool-temperate Svalbard and Norwegian coastal fauna; (2) a cool-temperate boreal and Boreal–Lusitanian United Kingdom, Irish and English Channel shallow fauna; (3) a warm-temperate Lusitanian Bay of Biscay and subtropical central Atlantic fauna; and (4) a subtropical Mediterranean fauna. The French fauna appears particularly rich, presenting 44% of the 1119 species recorded in the north-eastern Atlantic along the 50° latitude range (30°N–80°N). This is obviously due to France's intermediate latitudinal location within the Lusitanian temperate biogeographical zone, which produces a biogeographical cross between the boreal fauna in the north and the warm temperate and sub-tropical fauna in the south.
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WIRYANTO, WIRYANTO, SUNARTO SUNARTO, and SLAMET MARDIYANTO RAHAYU. "Biodiversity of mangrove aquatic fauna in Purworejo, Central Java, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 18, no. 4 (October 4, 2017): 1344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d180409.
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Wiryanto, Sunarto, Rahayu SM. 2017. Biodiversity of mangrove aquatic fauna in Purworejo, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1344-1352. Mangrove areas have important roles of ecologic, socio-economic, and socio-culture in ecosystem. Mangrove areas in Purworejo go into degradation as an impact of illegal logging, fishpond area expansion, settlements expansion and extension of agriculture area. All of the activities will influence the communities’ structure of mangroves vegetation and aquatic fauna. The purposes of research are to observe (i) biodiversity of mangroves aquatic fauna; (ii) correlation between mangrove vegetation and aquatic fauna; and (iii) the influence of abiotic factors towards biotic condition in research sites. This research was conducted in June-September 2016 at 3 stations and was determined with purposive sampling method. The research stations are Gedangan (Station 1), Jatikontal (Station 2) and Ngentak (Station 3). Vegetation of mangrove and aquatic fauna were observed with method of line transect and sampling removal. Association between variables (vegetation and aquatic fauna) is analyzed with Pearson Correlation Test. Influence of abiotic factors (physics and chemicals) on biotic (vegetation and aquatic fauna) is analyzed with t-test and regression test. According to the research, 34 species of aquatic fauna are from mangroves area of Purworejo. Highest value of aquatic fauna is found in Station 3 (ID 2.50). Pearson correlation test between vegetation and aquatic fauna obtains r value of 0,104. The t-test results a significant difference (sig 0.000) between abiotic factors and biotic condition and shows the impact of changes on both. Further test with regression method also indicates a weak impact on changes on abiotic factors towards biotic condition (r2 0.032).
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Sari, Rizky Novia, Rahmat Safe'i, and Dian Iswandaru. "BIODIVERSITAS FAUNA SEBAGAI SALAH SATU INDIKATOR KESEHATAN HUTAN MANGROVE FAUNA." PERENNIAL 15, no. 2 (October 31, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v15i2.6061.
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Mangrove forests have a special function, namely as a green belt which is certainly very important for human life. Health of forests, especially mangrove forests, is often overlooked regarding their health conditions. The health condition of the mangrove forest is very influential on its sustainability, so to know its health, one of the indicators that can be used is fauna biodiversity. Fauna biodiversity can be known by using the FHM (Forest Health Monitoring) method to determine the diversity and condition of health status. Mangrove forest in Pasir Sakti Sub-District, East Lampung Regency has a diversity of 9 species of birds and 5 types of epifauna diversity. Based on this, the Mangrove Forest of Pasir Sakti District, East Lampung Regency has a good forest health status.
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Robles-Moral, Francisco Javier, Manuel Fernández-Díaz, and Gabriel Enrique Ayuso-Fernández. "What Do Pre-Service Preschool Teachers Know about Biodiversity at the Level of Organisms? Preliminary Analysis of Their Ability to Identify Vertebrate Animals." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 11, 2022): 11406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811406.
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The current global crisis has one of its worst sides in the biodiversity crisis. Biodiversity loss affects both species and the functionality of ecosystems. This leads to a decrease or loss of ecosystem services, with catastrophic effects on all living beings, including humans. In this sense, education must be another tool that contributes to biodiversity conservation. The aim of this research is to determine the knowledge that pre-service preschool teachers have about vertebrate animals. The results indicate that there is little knowledge of the native fauna (from a nearby regional geographical area). In this case we consider native fauna the fauna of the Iberian Peninsula, as this is the location of the research. The scarce knowledge of the native fauna can be an obstacle to its teaching and therefore to its conservation. In this sense, training actions are needed to provide teachers with knowledge of native biodiversity so that the school can act as a complement to biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.
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Hernandez, Jonathan O., Inocencio E. Buot, and Byung Bae Park. "Prioritizing Choices in the Conservation of Flora and Fauna: Research Trends and Methodological Approaches." Land 11, no. 10 (September 23, 2022): 1645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101645.
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Here, we synthesized the research trends in conservation priorities for terrestrial fauna and flora across the globe from peer-reviewed articles published from 1990 to 2022, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results showed India to have the highest number of studies (i.e., 12) about the topic. Contrarily, most of the megadiverse and biodiversity hotspot countries have only 1–3 studies. Flora studies are more documented than faunal studies. The bio-ecological attributes are the most frequently used criteria for prioritizing choices in the conservation of fauna (i.e., 55.42%) and flora species (i.e., 41.08%). The climatic/edaphic and the taxonomic/genetic variables for flora had the lowest frequency (i.e., <5%). For fauna, the lowest value (i.e., <10%) was observed in socioeconomic and climatic/edaphic criteria. Moreover, the point scoring method (PSM), was the most frequently used in conservation prioritization, followed by conservation priority index (CPI), correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), species distribution model, and rule-based method. The present review also showed multiple species as the most frequently used approach in prioritizing conservation choices in both flora and fauna species. We highlight the need to increase not only the conservation prioritization studies but also the scientific efforts on improving biodiversity-related information in hotspot regions for an improved prioritization methodology, particularly in faunal aspect.
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Tijare, Rajendra V. "Biodiversity Of Avian Fauna Visited To Wetlands Of Gadchiroli District (Maharashtra)." Indian Journal of Applied Research 1, no. 2 (October 1, 2011): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/nov2011/33.
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Khatiwada, Janak Raj, Jagan Nath Adhikari, Deepak Rijal, and Lila Nath Sharma. "Freshwater biodiversity in western Nepal: A review." Nepalese Journal of Zoology 5, no. 1 (July 6, 2021): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njz.v5i1.38290.
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Western Nepal is known for its rich freshwater resources that support diverse flora and fauna. Freshwater ecosystems of western Nepal provide multitudes of ecosystem goods, services (irrigation, hydroelectricity, drinking water) to humans, and provide breeding and feeding grounds for many wetland-dependent flora and fauna. But these wetlands are under tremendous pressure mainly due to anthropogenic activities. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the freshwater biodiversity, distributions of wetlands and their status in western Nepal. From this review, we found that western Nepal is rich in freshwater resources and supports diverse flora and fauna. The biologically significant Karnali River is the home of a globally endangered species, the South Asian river dolphin. We also discuss the conservation history of wetlands, identify the gaps, and further suggest priority hotspots for the formulation of future conservation strategies for these ecosystems.
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Sepkoski, J. John. "Crustacean biodiversity through the marine fossil record." Contributions to Zoology 69, no. 4 (2000): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-06904001.
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Approximately 2,600 genera of marine crustaceans have been recognized in the fossil record, and crustaceans constitute the major component of marine arthropod diversity from the mid- Paleozoic to the Recent. Despite problems of sporadic fossil preservation and/or taxonomic ambiguity, some general statements can be made about the history of crustacean biodiversity, based on global taxonomic data bases. Ostracodes were the first major group to radiate, attaining high diversity during the Ordovician Period with other members of the Paleozoic evolutionary fauna; rates of extinction and responses to mass extinctions were also similar to those of groups within the Paleozoic fauna. Malacostracans and barnacles (cirripedes), the two other crustacean groups with important fossil records, had minor diversity throughout the Paleozoic Era. Both groups experienced diversification from the mid-Mesozoic to Recent with lower extinction rates, as characteristic members of the Modern evolutionary fauna.
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TOMOIAGĂ, Liliana Lucia, Andreea Elena POP, Maria COMȘA, and Veronica Sanda CHEDEA. "The Impact of Agroecological Practices on the Biodiversity of Arthropod Fauna in Târnave Vineyard." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 79, no. 1 (June 13, 2022): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2022.0005.
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In viticultural ecosystems, considered energy-intensive systems, the amplification of biocoenotic imbalances with the onset of pest explosions, is a problem and also an evidence of the biodiversity’s decline. In this study the biodiversity was quantified in Târnave vineyard, in the period 2016-2018, in the experimental plots of SCDVV Blaj cultivated with the Fetească regală cultivar, for two cultivation technologies, the extensive agroecological (EA) and the intensive conventional (IC). The determined biodiversity characterization indicators were: the species richness, Simpson biodiversity index (D), Shanon biodiversity index (H) and Equity index (E). In case of the Heteroptera group EA technology doubled the number of the arthropods (11.333 ± 0.882 for EA versus 5.33 ± 1.453 for IC). The reverse effect was observed for Coleoptera were in the case of EA it was found a taxa richness of 8.667 ± 0.882 and for IC one of 15.667 ± 1.764. Considering the increase of the number of useful species from the order Heteroptera in the agroecological variant compared to the conventional variant, we consider that the implementation of the agroecological technology for a longer period (5-10 years) can be a long-term solution that will contribute to reducing the risk induced by the intensive practices, while reducing the dependence of culture on conventional energy resources.
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F. Recher, Harry. "Conservation Challenge of Dispersive Fauna." Pacific Conservation Biology 13, no. 2 (2007): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc070081.
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The six papers in this theme issue of Pacific Conservation Biology were presented at a symposium organized by the WildCountry Science Council (see Recher 2003 for an account of WildCountry) at the Adelaide meeting of the Ecological Society of Australia in 2004. The symposium theme of ?dispersive fauna? is central to the philosophy and principles of WildCountry. The WildCountry philosophy is based on the argument that the long-term conservation of continental biodiversity is not possible with a system of spatially static conservation reserves by itself. Reserves form the core of WildCountry, but cannot fully sample continental biodiversity, nor allow for the full range of movements characteristic of the biota unless the total area set aside from development far exceeds what society would see as economically or politically acceptable. Because of these limits, a static and spatially limited reserve system cannot meet the challenge of ensuring the evolutionary viability of populations and species. A challenge that becomes increasingly difficult and urgent to resolve in the face of accelerating climate change and the loss and modification of habitat through land clearing, pastoralism, changed fire regimes, and the spread of weeds and feral animals among a myriad of environmental changes driven by human endeavour across the landscape. In my view, probably greater than 50% of the continent is the absolute minimum for a fixed system of reserves to meet the needs of biodiversity conservation, but see Archer (2002) who suggests a minimum of 20% may be required simply to meet the most basic evolutionary criteria.
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IVANOV, VLADIMIR D. "Caddisflies of Russia: Fauna and biodiversity." Zoosymposia 5, no. 1 (June 10, 2011): 171–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.5.1.15.
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Analysis of the historical faunistic explorations in Russia demonstrates the gradual improvement of knowledge during the 20th century for this country with variable borders. Recent estimations of the Trichoptera biodiversity in the Russian Federation show the presence of 643 species in 148 genera of 28 families within its limits. The largest family, Limnephilidae, comprises 159 species, followed by Leptoceridae (92 spp.), Hydroptilidae (56), Rhyacophilidae (49), Apataniidae (41), Polycentropodidae (35), Hydropsychidae (33), Phryganeidae (28), Glossosomatidae (23), Psychomyiidae (22), Philopotamidae (19), Lepidostomatidae (18), Goeridae (12), Brachycentridae (9), Molannidae (8), Beraeidae (6), Sericostomatidae (5), Stenopsychidae (5), Arctopsychidae (4), Ptilocolepidae (4), Ecnomidae (3), Uenoidae (3), Calamoceratidae (3), and Odontoceridae (2), with Hydrobiosidae, Dipseudopsidae, Phryganopsychidae, and Thremmatidae each with a single species. The fauna of Far East Russia is the richest with 392 species, whereas European Russia in inhabited by 225 spp., the Caucasus 155, and Siberia 239. Species distribution patterns are not known in detail even in European Russia. New additions to the fauna are expected from the Far East and other regions.
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Leidonald, R., I. Lesmana, A. Muhtadi, and Desrita. "Biodiversity flora and fauna in tropical tidal lake." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 260 (June 7, 2019): 012105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/260/1/012105.
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Cognetti, Giuseppe, and Ferruccio Maltagliati. "Biodiversity and Adaptive Mechanisms in Brackish Water Fauna." Marine Pollution Bulletin 40, no. 1 (January 2000): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-326x(99)00173-3.
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Japoshvili, B., M. Bozhadze, and M. Gioshvili. "A review of benthic fauna biodiversity in Georgia." Annals of Agrarian Science 14, no. 1 (March 2016): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aasci.2016.02.002.
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Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, María Del Socorro García-Madrigal, Francisco Rosas-Alquicira, Ramón Andrés Lopéz-Pérez, Francisco Benítez-Villalobos, Juan Francisco Meraz-Hernando, Ana María Torres-Huerta, Alberto Montoya-Márquez, and Norma A. Barrientos-Luján. "Marine and coastal biodiversity of Oaxaca, Mexico [with erratum]." Check List 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/9.2.329.
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The state of Oaxaca in southern Mexico harbors the highest faunistic and floristic biodiversity of the region; however, to date, research effort has focused on terrestrial flora and fauna. Despite this bias, there is a large amount of dispersed information regarding the coastal and marine biodiversity of Oaxaca. The present study aimed to: 1) update and synthesize existing information to improve understanding of coastal and marine biodiversity; and 2) provide a baseline for future biodiversity studies in Oaxaca. The review of 198 references about Oaxaca's flora and fauna produced 2, 157 species records, from 15 taxonomic groups (Division, Phyla or Class). Nevertheless, knowledge about the fauna and flora of Oaxaca remains scarce compared to other regions, such as the Gulf of California. Additionally, floristic and faunistic knowledge is heterogeneous among the taxonomic groups; for instance, 242 (11 .2 °/o) species represent macroalgae, three invertebrate groups (annelids, crustaceans and mollusks) represent about 44.0% (949 species) of all species recorded, while the vertebrates are represented by 762 species (35.3°/o). Similarly, many invertebrate groups recorded in adjacent regions have not yet been recorded on the Oaxaca coast, including some platyhelminthes, rotifers, nematodes, oligochaetes, sipunculids, echiurans, tardigrades, pycnogonids, some crustaceans, brachiopods, chaetognaths, ascidians and cephalochordates. The study of the marine flora and fauna is far from finished; additional effort is required to complete the marine biodiversity inventory of Oaxaca.
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Doria, Cici, Rahmat Safe’i, Dian Iswandaru, and Hari Kaskoyo. "Fauna biodiversity as one of Repong Damar forest health indicators." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 886, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/886/1/012036.
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Abstract Repong Damar Pekon Pahmungan has a diverse fauna, especially primates. Primates have great benefits for forest sustainability, because the fruit seeds ingested by primates will help spread biodiversity and forest regeneration. The presence of primates can also be an indicator of forest health. The health condition of the repong damar forest is very influential on its sustainability so that one of the health indicators that can be used is biodiversity. Biodiversity of fauna can be identified by using the FHM (Forest Health Monitoring) method to determine the diversity and condition of its health status. Repong Damar has a diversity of primate fauna, namely long-tailed monkeys and gibbons found in cluster plots 3 and 5. Based on this, Repong Damar Pekon Pahmungan has poor forest health status.
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Howarth, Francis. "Glacier caves: a globally threatened subterranean biome." Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 83, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4311/2019lsc0132.
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Caves and cave-like voids are common features within and beneath glaciers. The physical environment is harsh and extreme, and often considered barren and devoid of life. However, accumulating evidence indicates that these caves may support a diverse invertebrate fauna with species endemic to each region. As glaciers continue to disappear at an alarming rate due to global warming, they take their largely unknown fauna with them. Thus, glacier caves may harbor one of the most endangered ecosystems globally, and yet their biodiversity is among the least studied or known. Faunal surveys and ecological studies are urgently needed before all examples are lost.
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Humphreys, William F. "Rising from Down Under: developments in subterranean biodiversity in Australia from a groundwater fauna perspective." Invertebrate Systematics 22, no. 2 (2008): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is07016.
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Over the last two decades, Australia has undergone a renaissance in studies of subterranean biology. This paper sets these recent developments into context from the perspective of groundwater fauna. Owing to its obligate subterranean life, typical local endemicity and the geological persistence of subterranean habitats, stygofauna is an excellent subject for biogeographic study. Groundwater containing diverse faunas range from freshwater to marine salinities in both coastal and continental locations. They occur in typical karst, alluvial, and fractured rock aquifers, but also in novel matrices formed during the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater (goethite pisolites and groundwater calcretes) in the Tertiary. This range of habitats, water quality and the diverse origins of the fauna (Gondwanan, Pangaean and Tethys) support a phylogenetically highly diverse fauna. Several taxa, notably among the Podocopida, Bathynellacea, Amphipoda, and Dytiscidae show remarkable species diversity. Typically there is fine spatial scale endemicity of species associated with local aquifers, but there are inexplicable regional differences, such as the change of fauna between the Yilgarn and Pilbara, contiguous areas on the long emergent Western Shield. The anchialine taxa representing higher taxa are highly disjunct from their congeners in the North Atlantic. The emerging species richness, the fine scale patchwork of endemicity, and the distinct regional differences, respectively, contribute to a substantial increase in α, β and γ diversity of the aquatic fauna, especially in arid Australia. This diversity is posing challenging issues for proponents and regulators of mineral development because much of this diversity has emerged in the two most mineraliferous provinces of Australia. The scientific capacity to respond is challenged by the sheer scale of the emerging issues.
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Rustrianto Buwono, Yanuar, I. P. G. Ardhana, and Made Sudarma. "POTENSI FAUNA AKUATIK EKOSISTEM HUTAN MANGROVE DI KAWASAN TELUK PANGPANG KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI." ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2015): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejes.2015.v09.i02.p05.
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Mangrove ecosystem located between terrestrial and marine coastal areas are changing constantly due to human activities that affect the aquatic fauna several species of fish and non-fish. The aim of research to determine the level of importance and biodiversity index value of mangrove, analyze abundance, biomass, diversity and equity, as well as the spread of aquatic fauna mangrove forest ecosystem. Results of the study showed an index of biodiversity of mangrove flora in the medium category with a relative importance value index Rhizophoraceae and Sonneratiaceae dominate in all phases. Economically valuable aquatic fauna found amounted to 21 species of 15 families. Groups of fish fauna found bedul fish (A. caninus) have abundance and biomass as much as 975 ind at 18,299.56 gr, meanwhile the non fish fauna found werus shrimp (Metapenaeus sp.) has an abundance of as much as 1,936 ind and biomass crabs (P. pelagicus) have amounted to 13,609.38 gr associated in mangrove areas Pangpang Bay. Fauna biodiversity index included in the medium category, meanwhile the index of evenness fauna belonging in the high category. Dispersal patterns at the mouth of the bay with the mouth of the river flow Wagut fauna found in the form of pelagic and demersal fish such as family Mugilidae, Clupediae, Leiognatidae, Psettodidae. At the center of the edge of the bay in the form of aquaculture ponds found that pelagic fish group Centropomidae, Polynemidae, Sillagidae family. Meanwhile, at the end of the bay with the river flow Setail found the group that demersal fish Platycephalidae and Gobidae family.
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Abubakar, Salim, Masykhur Abdul Kadir Masykhur Abdul Kadir, Reni Tyas Asrining Pertiwi, Rina Rina, Riyadi Subur, Sunarti Sunarti, Yuyun Abubakar, Adi Noman Susanto, and Ariyati H. Fadel. "Fauna Biodiversity as Indicator of Mangrove Forest Health on Moti Island, Moti District, Ternate City." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 21, no. 3 (October 12, 2021): 974–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v21i3.3009.
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The health condition of mangrove forests can be determined by assessing forest health indicators. One of the indicators used in determining the health of mangrove forests is faunal biodiversity. Measurement of forest health is a step that can be taken to ensure forest functions and benefits. The study's objectives were to determine the composition of mangrove species and mangrove forest fauna (birds and epifauna), to determine the structure of the fauna community which includes species diversity and species dominance and to determine the health condition of mangrove forests on Moti Island, Ternate Island District. This research was conducted on Moti Island, Moti District, Ternate City, North Maluku Province for six months, April - September 2021. A Sampling of mangroves was carried out using the "spot check" method. Meanwhile, the method used to assess mangroves' health condition refers to the FHM (Forest Health Monitoring) method. There are nine species of mangrove, namely Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora stylosa, Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Sonneratia alba, Xylocarpus granatum, Avicennia offincinalis, A. marina and Nypa fruticans. While the composition of fauna species is as many as 18 species consisting of Epifauna (Gastropoda = 12 species, Bivalve = 2 species) and birds as many as four species. The diversity of mangrove forest fauna species in all research locations is moderate and no species dominate. The health status of mangrove forests, both Tafaga and Figur villages, has 60% good condition, 20% moderate and poor conditions.
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Malik, Azis Abdul, Joko Prayudha S, Ririn Anggreany, May Wulan Sari, and Ahmad Walid. "KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI FLORA DAN FAUNA DI KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL BUKIT BARISAN SELATAN (TNBBS) RESORT MERPAS BINTUHAN KABUPATEN KAUR." DIKSAINS : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Sains 1, no. 1 (March 6, 2021): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/diksains.1.1.35-42.
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ABSTRAK Taman nasional merupakan salah satu kawasan konservasi terbaik untuk menyaksikan keindahan fenomena alam terutama untuk flora dan fauna endemik, langka dan dilindungi (Kementerian Kehutanan, 2003) sehingga keberadaan taman nasional memiliki arti yang sangat strategis dan penting dalam keanekaragaman hayati tari peles. Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan memiliki keanekaragaman hayati yang sangat kaya. Oleh UNESCO, taman nasional ini ditetapkan sebagai Klaster Situs Warisan. Pegunungan Hutan Hujan Tropis Sumatera (Pegunungan Hutan Hujan Tropis Warisan Situs Klaster Sumatera) bersama dengan Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat dan Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April hingga Mei 2020 di Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan (TNBBS), Kabupaten Bintuhan, Kabupaten Kaur, Provinsi Bengkulu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang keanekaragaman hayati flora dan fauna Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan, khususnya di kawasan taman nasional yang memiliki keanekaragaman flora dan fauna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat banyak jenis flora dan fauna yang memiliki keanekaragaman jenis, ditemukan jenis mamalia dan jenis burung, serta tumbuhan di kawasan TNBBS. Kata Kunci: Keanekaragaman Hayati, Flora dan Fauna, Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan. ABSTRACT The national park is one of the best conservation areas to witness the beauty of natural phenomena, especially to witness endemic, rare and protected flora and fauna (Ministry of Forestry, 2003), so that the existence of a national park has a very strategic meaning. and important in the biodiversity peles dance. Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park has a very rich biodiversity. By UNESCO, this national park was designated a Cluster Heritage Site. Sumatra Tropical Rainforest Mountains (Mountainous Tropical Rainforest Herritage of Sumatra Cluster Site) along with Kerinci Seblat National Park and Gunung Leuser National Park. This study was conducted in April to May 2020 in the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (TNBBS), Bintuhan District, Kaur District, Bengkulu Province. This study aims to obtain information about the biodiversity of flora and fauna of the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, especially in the national park area which has a variety of flora and fauna. The results showed that there were many species of flora and fauna that had a diversity of species, found species of mammals and species of birds, and plants in the TNBBS area. Keywords: Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park.
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Malik, Azis Abdul, Joko Prayudha S, Ririn Anggreany, May Wulan Sari, and Ahmad Walid. "KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI FLORA DAN FAUNA DI KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL BUKIT BARISAN SELATAN (TNBBS) RESORT MERPAS BINTUHAN KABUPATEN KAUR." DIKSAINS : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Sains 1, no. 1 (March 6, 2021): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/diksains.v1i1.14702.
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ABSTRAK Taman nasional merupakan salah satu kawasan konservasi terbaik untuk menyaksikan keindahan fenomena alam terutama untuk flora dan fauna endemik, langka dan dilindungi (Kementerian Kehutanan, 2003) sehingga keberadaan taman nasional memiliki arti yang sangat strategis dan penting dalam keanekaragaman hayati tari peles. Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan memiliki keanekaragaman hayati yang sangat kaya. Oleh UNESCO, taman nasional ini ditetapkan sebagai Klaster Situs Warisan. Pegunungan Hutan Hujan Tropis Sumatera (Pegunungan Hutan Hujan Tropis Warisan Situs Klaster Sumatera) bersama dengan Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat dan Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April hingga Mei 2020 di Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan (TNBBS), Kabupaten Bintuhan, Kabupaten Kaur, Provinsi Bengkulu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang keanekaragaman hayati flora dan fauna Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan, khususnya di kawasan taman nasional yang memiliki keanekaragaman flora dan fauna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat banyak jenis flora dan fauna yang memiliki keanekaragaman jenis, ditemukan jenis mamalia dan jenis burung, serta tumbuhan di kawasan TNBBS. Kata Kunci: Keanekaragaman Hayati, Flora dan Fauna, Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan. ABSTRACT The national park is one of the best conservation areas to witness the beauty of natural phenomena, especially to witness endemic, rare and protected flora and fauna (Ministry of Forestry, 2003), so that the existence of a national park has a very strategic meaning. and important in the biodiversity peles dance. Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park has a very rich biodiversity. By UNESCO, this national park was designated a Cluster Heritage Site. Sumatra Tropical Rainforest Mountains (Mountainous Tropical Rainforest Herritage of Sumatra Cluster Site) along with Kerinci Seblat National Park and Gunung Leuser National Park. This study was conducted in April to May 2020 in the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (TNBBS), Bintuhan District, Kaur District, Bengkulu Province. This study aims to obtain information about the biodiversity of flora and fauna of the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, especially in the national park area which has a variety of flora and fauna. The results showed that there were many species of flora and fauna that had a diversity of species, found species of mammals and species of birds, and plants in the TNBBS area. Keywords: Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park.
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Senicovscaia, Irina, Andrei Danilov, and Andriana Danilov. "BIODIVERSITY OF EDAPHIC FAUNA IN GRAY FOREST SOILS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA." Current Trends in Natural Sciences 10, no. 19 (July 31, 2021): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2021.v10i19.018.
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Gray forest soils of the natural ecosystems in the central and northern zones of the Republic of Moldova are the habitat and the source of conservation and reproduction of the edaphic fauna. They represent themselves the standards of the biodiversity for soil invertebrates. Invertebrates sampling was carried out from test cuts by manual sampling of soil layers to the depth of soil fauna occurrence. The main content of invertebrates in gray soils under the forest was in the layer of 0-20 cm. In addition to the Lumbricidae family there were found the species of the Clubionidae, Hydromiidae, Scarabaeidae, Oniscidae, Tortricidae, Julidae, Curculionidae, Carabidae, Geophilidae, Tenebrionidae, Melandryidae and Formicidae families. Species of Eisenia rosea, Euomphalia strigella, Formica rufa, Tortrix viridana, Curculio glandium, Melolontha melolontha and others have been identified in three subtypes of gray forest soils of natural ecosystems. The long use of these soils in agricultural production led to the considerable decrease in the number and biomass of invertebrates and degradation of the faunal complex in general. The number of families decreased from 6-12 to 1-3. Species of Lumbricidae, Elateridae, Tortricidae and Coccinellidae have been found in arable gray forest soils. The trophic pyramids are stable in the typical virgin gray soil. The relationship between trophic levels of the edaphic fauna in the typical gray forest soil is stronger in comparison with albic and molic gray forest soils.
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Mansi, Mansi, Rakesh Pandey, and Carolyn Stringer. "Biodiversity reporting in India: a view from the top." Corporate Ownership and Control 12, no. 1 (2014): 418–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i1c4p5.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the biodiversity reporting practices inside Indian companies. Biodiversity reporting studies across Indian companies are important because India has a wealth of biodiversity assets, that is, wildlife, flora, fauna, natural habitats, rare and endangered species and biological resources, and accounts for 7.8% of the global recorded species (Biological Diversity Act, the Biodiversity Rules, Andhra Pradesh Biodiversity Board, 2009). There are approximately 45,500 species of plants, 91,200 species of animals and 5,550 microbial species documented in India (National Biodiversity Authority, 2014). The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has listed 132 species of animals and plants in the Critically Endangered Category (Sudhi, 2012). To date, the literature omits to explore the biodiversity reporting practices inside Indian companies. Another important reason to conduct is this study is that India has alarming population levels; thus there is a huge demand for land, energy, and resources, which leads to massive biodiversity loss, deforestation, and habitat destruction. It is very likely that with the limited land mass and increasing population in India, several ecosystems, wildlife, flora and fauna will be/have been exploited, disturbed, and endangered. Given the high potential impact on biodiversity by industries, we are concerned that there is a dearth of biodiversity reporting studies within the Indian subcontinent. We concentrate on the largest companies (based on market capitalisation) because similar to Van Liempd and Busch (2013), we also expect that the largest companies have the greatest impact on biodiversity; therefore, they are expected to show more accountability to their stakeholders. Therefore it is worth exploring how Indian companies are engaging in biodiversity reporting practices (e.g. biodiversity conservation, biodiversity protection, habitat and ecosystem conservation); and whether these organisations are disclosing their impact(s) (both in quantity and quality) on biodiversity (such as wildlife, flora and fauna). Moreover, India has also been classified as one of 17 mega-diversity countries by The World Conservation Monitoring Centre which account for more than 70% of the planet’s species (Williams, 2001). All these reasons make this study timely and important.
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Neeraja B. "Animal Diversity in the British Residency, Hyderabad (Telangana), India." International Journal of Zoological Investigations 08, no. 02 (2022): 290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2022.v08i02.037.
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The flora and the fauna of a particular ecosystem, along with biotic and abiotic factors coordinate together, to form life. The economics and richness of a nation, relies upon its biodiversity. Rich biodiversity contributes to good agriculture and development of successful pharmaceutical industries. Maintaining rich biodiversity is key for sustenance of life on planet earth. Rapid urbanization, human interference and excessive mining activities, have cost heavily, upon the existence of flora and fauna, which has either caused transient disappearance of certain species, or at times led to total extinction. Not many studies, are documented about rich animal diversity of British residency of Hyderabad, which is located amidst buzzing hustle of urban activities. This monument dates back to year 1803, and due to its sprawling green landscape in the campus, it houses many rare flora and fauna. The present study was an attempt to collect, identify and analyze the diverse animal species in British residency of Hyderabad, India. The study has revealed the presence of different species of insects, birds and mammals. The maintenance and preservation of rich biodiversity of animal species, in British residency may be attributed to maintenance of greenery in the campus and there is not much of destruction of trees thereby preserving their precious habitat and creating a conducive atmosphere for coexistence of distinct fauna.
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RAMZI, HADJAB, KHAMMAR HICHEM, REDJAIMIA LYLIA, MERZOUG DJEMOI, and SAHEB MENOUAR. "Impact of Anthropic Pressure on the Quality and Diversity of Groundwater in the Region of Sighus Oum-El-Bouaghi and El Rahmounia, Algeria." Journal of Bioresource Management 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 85–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.35691/jbm.0202.0142.
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Groundwater of Oum-El-Bouaghi and its surroundings hosts a variety of microflora and fauna. This study investigated the relationship between the effect of human activity and the biodiversity and distribution of aquatic fauna in two semi-arid regions Sighus region (Oum-El-Bouaghi) and El Rahmouni (Constantine) in north-eastern Algeria. Fourteen wells and six springs were studied in two hydrographic basins, that of Constantine and Seybouse Melegue. Significant differences were revealed between the wells and springs in the two watersheds, making it possible to distinguish four groups of wells and two groups of springs. The overall faunal richness of the stations appeared to be weakly correlated with water quality, but on the other hand, the specific richness of the stygoby fauna, and even more so the abundance of stygoby species, decreased when water quality deteriorated.
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Bu, Xiangli, Jing Wang, Jiayi Wu, Taifu Sun, Rongwei Xiang, Qingbin Lu, Yinghong Hao, Shaopeng Cui, Yan Sheng, and Xiuxiang Meng. "Mammal fauna and biodiversity in the northeastern Taihang Mountains." Biodiversity Science 29, no. 3 (2021): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17520/biods.2020081.
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Reinthal, Peter. "Evaluating Biodiversity and Conserving Lake Malawi's Cichlid Fish Fauna." Conservation Biology 7, no. 3 (September 1993): 712–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07030712.x.
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Spratt, D. M. "Endoparasite control strategies: Implications for biodiversity of native fauna." International Journal for Parasitology 27, no. 2 (February 1997): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(96)00147-6.
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Graham, C. H., C. Moritz, and S. E. Williams. "Habitat history improves prediction of biodiversity in rainforest fauna." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103, no. 3 (January 9, 2006): 632–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0505754103.
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Sharma, Dr Rashmi. "Biodiversity Studies of Insect Fauna Order Coleoptera of Ajmer." IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 11, no. 05 (May 2016): 08–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3008-1105020814.
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Sharma, Dr Rashmi, and D. D. Sharma. "Biodiversity Studies of Insect Fauna of Ajmer order Diptera." IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 12, no. 01 (January 2017): 138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3008-120101138139.
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C. Culver, David, Louis Deharveng, Anne Bedos, Julian J. Lewis, Molly Madden, James R. Reddell, Boris Sket, Peter Trontelj, and Denis White. "The mid-latitude biodiversity ridge in terrestrial cave fauna." Ecography 29, no. 1 (November 9, 2005): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2005.0906-7590.04435.x.
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Pavlíček, Tomáš, Csaba Csuzdi, and Eviatar Nevo. "Biodiversity of Earthworms in the Levant." Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 52, no. 3-4 (April 12, 2006): 461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/ijee_52_3-4_461.
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Today, 37 species, 16 genera, and five families (Acanthodrilidae, Criodrilidae, Lumbricidae, Ocnerodrilidae, and Megascolecidae) of earthworms are known to be present in the Levant. Out of all recorded species, 35-43% (13-16 species) have been directly or indirectly introduced by humans and 57-65% (21-24 species) seem to be autochthonous. Twelve to fourteen (50-67%) autochthonous species are endemic to the Levant (genera Dendrobaena, Healyella, Helodrilus, and Perelia). The autochthonous Levantine earthworm fauna is exclusively Palearctic, and species mainly show zoogeographic affinities to Anatolia-Caucasus and Europe. No observed earthworm endemism above the species level corresponds to the expected origin of earthworm fauna in the Levant between Rupelian (30-28 Mya) and Tortonian (11.5-6 Mya) (Oligocene-Miocene). In spite of the fact that speciation in earthworms might take millions of years, the observed new species isolated in the desert oases and along the Negev and Sinai Desert borders might change this perception if we can differentiate between relicts surviving the expansion of the Arabo-Syrian desert belt and subsequent speciation.
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Podlussány, Attila. "A gyűrűfűi Biodiverzitás Napokon gyűjtött ormányosalkatú bogarak (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)." Natura Somogyiensis, no. 13 (2009): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24394/natsom.2009.13.135.
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Between 2006-2008 the Hungarian Biodiversity Days held at Gyűrűfű (SW Hungary) where the local fauna of Curculionoidea was surveyed by the author. A total of 216 species were found from 1 km2 area, which is 10% of the Hungarian fauna.
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Harvey, Virginia L., Victoria M. Egerton, Andrew T. Chamberlain, Phillip L. Manning, William I. Sellers, and Michael Buckley. "Interpreting the historical terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity of Cayman Brac (Greater Antilles, Caribbean) through collagen fingerprinting." Holocene 29, no. 4 (January 29, 2019): 531–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683618824793.
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Cayman Brac (Cayman Islands) lies within the Caribbean Islands Biodiversity Hotspot, an epicenter of high biodiversity and endemism. However, all endemic terrestrial mammals on the Cayman Islands are now extinct, following post-1500 AD human colonization of the islands. Introduced rodents and domesticated mammals now exclusively represent this facet of terrestrial fauna on the Cayman Islands, and are a likely cause of endemic species loss on the islands. Cayman Brac has numerous caves and rock fissures that offer protection to a naturally accumulated ensemble of vertebrate sub-fossil bone remains, documenting modifications in island biodiversity through the Holocene. In this study, we showcase the first molecular faunal survey undertaken on sub-fossil remains from the Cayman Islands, using collagen fingerprinting for taxonomic identification of the cave skeletal deposits collected from a single cave system, Green Cave on Cayman Brac. Collagen type (I) extracts from 485 bone fragments were analyzed to determine faunal identity and assemblage composition. A total of 76% of the collagen fingerprint-yielding samples were mammalian in origin, 67% of which were identified as invasive murid rodents. Here, we present mass spectral biomarkers for the endemic terrestrial mammal fauna of Cayman Brac, including the extinct capromyid rodents, Capromys and Geocapromys (Rodentia: Capromyidae), alongside commentary on the composition of the sub-fossil bone assemblage between the five distinct depositional chambers that comprise Green Cave. Collagen (I) provides a key service in taxonomic identification and mapping of macroevolutionary trends, and these results suggest a pivotal role for murid rodents in the competition and extinction of terrestrial endemic mammals from the Cayman Islands.
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Ezcurra, Martín D., and Richard J. Butler. "The rise of the ruling reptiles and ecosystem recovery from the Permo-Triassic mass extinction." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1880 (June 13, 2018): 20180361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0361.
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One of the key faunal transitions in Earth history occurred after the Permo-Triassic mass extinction ( ca 252.2 Ma), when the previously obscure archosauromorphs (which include crocodylians, dinosaurs and birds) become the dominant terrestrial vertebrates. Here, we place all known middle Permian–early Late Triassic archosauromorph species into an explicit phylogenetic context, and quantify biodiversity change through this interval. Our results indicate the following sequence of diversification: a morphologically conservative and globally distributed post-extinction ‘disaster fauna’; a major but cryptic and poorly sampled phylogenetic diversification with significantly elevated evolutionary rates; and a marked increase in species counts, abundance, and disparity contemporaneous with global ecosystem stabilization some 5 million years after the extinction. This multiphase event transformed global ecosystems, with far-reaching consequences for Mesozoic and modern faunas.
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Holler, Jr, Cato, Jonathan Mays, and Matthew Niemiller. "The fauna of caves and other subter-ranean habitats of North Carolina, USA." Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 82, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 221–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4311/2019lsc0133.
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Over 1,500 caves have been documented in North Carolina, however, cave fauna in the Blue Ridge Mountains and Piedmont regions of North Carolina have been overlooked historically compared to the cave-rich karst terrains in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge and Interior Low Plateau to the west. Here, we provide the first comprehensive faunal list of caves and other subterranean habitats in the state based on over 40 years of periodic surveys and compilation of literature, biodiversity databases, and museum records. We report 475 occurrences from 127 caves, springs, and wells in 29 counties, representing 5 phyla, 17 classes, 43 orders, 90 families, 124 genera, and at least 164 species. Vertebrate fauna comprised 32 species, including 4 fishes, 9 salamanders, 1 lizard, 4 snakes, 2 birds, and 12 mammals (8 bats). Diverse invertebrate groups included spiders (11 families and 18 genera), springtails (7 families and 9 genera), segmented worms (3 families and 8 genera), and snails (6 families and 9 genera). At least 25 taxa are troglobites/stygobites (cave obligates), including 5 species of cave flatworms, 5 cave springtails, and 5 cave amphipods. Most troglobitic/stygobitic fauna documented in this study are endemic to North Carolina. Counties with the greatest cave biodiversity include Rutherford, McDowell, Swain, Henderson, Polk, and Avery counties. Over 20 species documented are of conservation concern, including 14 troglobites and 3 federally-listed bats. Although not as diverse as adjacent states, caves and other subterranean habitats in North Carolina support a diverse community of invertebrates and vertebrates. Our review serves as a base line for future cave biological surveys in the state and highlights the importance of subterranean habitats for North Carolina biodiversity.
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Hily, C., and F. Jean. "Macrobenthic biodiversity in intertidal habitats of the Iroise Biosphere Reserve (Brittany, France)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 77, no. 2 (May 1997): 311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400071691.
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Patterns of the distribution of intertidal fauna in relation to the diversity of habitats were studied in the UNESCO Man and Biosphere (MAB) reserve of the archipelago of Molene and Ouessant (west Brittany, France). A classification of environmental features was developed in order to determine species richness, abundance, biomass and trophic structure of the macrobenthic fauna in this intertidal area which covers 1120 ha. The four descriptors of the environment were: (1) substratum (rock, boulders, sediment, pebbles); (2) height on the shore, based on the macrophytic zones: Pelvetia canaliculata/Fucus spiralis; Fucus vesiculosus / Ascophyllum nodosum; Fucus serratus; and Himanthalia elongata/Zostera marina; (3) wave exposure (sheltered, semi-sheltered, exposed); (4) percentage of algal cover (<50%, >50%). Each type was defined by a four-figure number and matched to a map codification. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a posteriori Newman-Keuls test (P=0.05) were applied to the series of species richness and biomass. Among the 308 species sampled, 40 represented 90% of the total biomass. Maximal number of species was reached in boulder fields in the Himanthalia zone, under exposed conditions and high algal cover. The lowest number of species was observed in pebble fields of the Pelvetia zone and in the sedimentary areas. Trophic structures were dominated by suspension feeders and herbivores at high levels on the shore and by carnivores at the lowest levels. High vegetation cover and wave-exposed conditions were shown to increase with increasing faunal diversity. Links between patterns of habitat distribution and faunal diversity and biomass in different spatial scales are discussed.
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Stratanenko, E. A., N. A. Strelkova, and I. S. Smirnov. "Biodiversity and distribution of brittle stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) in the Kara Sea." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 325, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2021.325.2.235.
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Brittle stars are one of the leading components of the benthic communities in the Kara Sea. The fauna of the Kara Sea brittle stars is represented by 12 species. Ophiocten sericeum (Forbes, 1852), Ophiopleura borealis Danielssen et Koren, 1877, Ophiacantha bidentata (Bruzelius, 1805), and Ophioscolex glacialis Müller et Troschel, 1842 are most widespread within the sea. Based on the available data, distribution maps for each species were constructed. A comparative analysis of the Barents Sea, the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea fauna was carried out. It was found that during evolution the fauna of Kara Sea brittle stars at the genus level was under balanced influence of autochthonous and allochthons processes; at the species level the autochthonous processes were predominant. The obtained value of the taxonomic uniqueness index characterizes the fauna of the Kara Sea brittle stars as quite isolated at all taxonomic levels. Six biogeographic groups were distinguished in the biogeographic structure of the fauna of the sea, of which the boreal-Arctic and high-boreal-Arctic forms are the most represented. The use of the Jaccard species similarity coefficients and Pearson correlation showed that the greatest similarity at the species level is observed between the Kara and the Laptev seas.
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Zapalski, Mikołaj K., Benoît L. M. Hubert, Jean-Pierre Nicollin, Bruno Mistiaen, and Denise Brice. "The palaeobiodiversity of stromatoporoids, tabulates and brachiopods in the Devonian of the Ardennes – Changes through time." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 178, no. 5 (September 1, 2007): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.178.5.383.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The specific biodiversity of stromatoporoids, tabulates and brachiopods from the Ardennes (707 taxa) has been analyzed stage-by-stage from the Lochkovian up to the Famennian. The diversity of each group may be correlated with external factors (e.g. facies), but it varied individually (e.g. decline of brachiopods in the Givetian). The faunas are discussed at the order level, however some more diversified orders are analyzed at family level. Biodiversity shows a single peak centered on the Givetian for the bioconstructors, and two major peaks (Emsian-Eifelian and Frasnian) for the brachiopods. The most diversified orders are Stromatoporellida (stromatoporoids), Favositida (tabulate corals) and Spiriferida (brachiopods). Stromatoporoids display two, tabulate corals four and brachiopods five stages of renewal of fauna.
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Darma, Hafid Azi, Afif Bintoro, and Duryat . "Determining Factors of Flora and Fauna Diversity Change in Khilau Sub-Sub, Bulog Sub-DAS, Sekampung Watershed." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 7, no. 2 (May 28, 2019): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl27204-213.
Full textAbstract:
Natural resources utilized in unsustainably management, lead to the extinction of biodiversity. The objectives of the research was to figure out the factors related to human activity in natural resources management at sub-sub watershed of khilau influenced to the change of biodiversity in the area. An historical analysis continued with the agrarian diagnosis was emploed as the research method. The result of the study showed that there ware four factors influenced to the biodiversity in sub sub watershed of khilau such as economic factor which is the increasing of commodities price; politic factor which is the occur of reformation lead to forest land occupation by the people; social factor which is the change of agricultur practice from subsistence to commercial products; and cultural factor which is influenced of ethnic in natural resources management. Before the exsisting of community, the area was covered by virgin forest with more than 32 species of flora and 25 species of fauna with the domination of endemic species, the exsistance of human activities lead to increasing of flora to 33 species with the dominance of commercial plants, but in other hand dicreasing fauna to 8 species. Key words: biodiversity, Bulog Watershed, flora and fauna, Khilau Watershed
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Gonzalez, Brett, Alejandro Martínez, Jørgen Olesen, Sarit Truskey, Lauren Ballou, Marc Allentoft-Larsen, Joost Daniels, et al. "Anchialine biodiversity in the Turks and Caicos Islands: New discoveries and current faunal composition." International Journal of Speleology 49, no. 2 (May 2020): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.49.2.2316.
Full textAbstract:
Lying at the southernmost point of the Lucayan Archipelago, the Turks and Caicos Islands are amongst the better studied localities for anchialine cave biodiversity. For nearly five decades, novel invertebrate fauna, comprised primarily of crustaceans, have been collected from these tidally influenced pools – but new findings are always on the horizon. Herein we present new records of crustaceans and annelids from anchialine blue holes and horizontal caves of the Turks and Caicos. These findings include two potentially new species of meiofaunal annelids and a new species of remipede collected from a shallow water cave pool. Our 2019 expedition additionally expands known faunal distributions for several taxa across the Caicos islands, and raises the biodiversity of the region to 35 species, 13 of them considered endemic. This is the first comprehensive faunal list for the anchialine systems in the Caicos Bank.
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Majka, Christopher G., David B. McCorquodale, and Mary E. Smith. "The Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of Prince Edward Island: new records and further lessons in biodiversity." Canadian Entomologist 139, no. 2 (April 2007): 258–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n06-051.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe long-horned beetles (Cerambycidae) of Prince Edward Island are surveyed. Records of 28 species of cerambycids new to the province are provided, increasing the known fauna of this family on the island to 38 species. One species, Pogonocherus penicillatus LeConte, is removed from the list of the province's fauna. Additionally, one exotic species, Rhopalophora tenuis (Chevrolat), is reported as intercepted from merchandise imported from Mexico. This fauna is examined in relation to its distribution within the province, biogeographical components, island biogeography, the composition of the regional fauna, the impact of anthropogenic activities, and adventive species. All these provide lessons to improve our understanding of the biodiversity of the province.