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Li, Shan. "Monitoring and diagnosis of process faults and sensor faults in manufacturing processes." Diss., University of Iowa, 2008. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/206.
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The substantial growth in the use of automated in-process sensing technologies creates great opportunities for manufacturers to detect abnormal manufacturing processes and identify the root causes quickly. It is critical to locate and distinguish two types of faults - process faults and sensor faults. The procedures to monitor and diagnose process and sensor mean shift faults are presented with the assumption that the manufacturing processes can be modeled by a linear fault-quality model.
A W control chart is developed to monitor the manufacturing process and quickly detect the occurrence of the sensor faults. Since the W chart is insensitive to process faults, when it is combined with U chart, both process faults and sensor faults can be detected and distinguished. A unit-free index referred to as the sensitivity ratio (SR) is defined to measure the sensitivity of the W chart. It shows that the sensitivity of the W chart is affected by the potential influence of the sensor measurement.
A Bayesian variable selection based fault diagnosis approach is presented to locate the root causes of the abnormal processes. A Minimal Coupled Pattern (MCP) and its degree are defined to denote the coupled structure of a system. When less than half of the faults within an MCP occur, which is defined as sparse faults, the proposed fault diagnosis procedure can identify the correct root causes with high probability. Guidelines are provided for the hyperparameters selection in the Bayesian hierarchical model. An alternative CML method for hyperparameters selection is also discussed. With the large number of potential process faults and sensor faults, an MCMC method, e.g. Metropolis-Hastings algorithm can be applied to approximate the posterior probabilities of candidate models.
The monitor and diagnosis procedures are demonstrated and evaluate through an autobody assembly example.
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Huotari, Toni. "Retrospective Case Study of Software Faults : How Faults Could Have Been Detected." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-142447.
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This report presents a case study of software faults conducted on behalf of Scania. The aim of the thesis was to show where faults occur and how early they could have been detected. The approach chosen was to study and categorize previously reported software faults. The faults studied came from a project which relied mostly on high level testing. The categorization included both fault types and methods for detecting the faults as early as possible. The results showed that most faults studied could have been found earlier. This indicates that more effort put into testing at a lower level could have been beneficial.Den här rapporten innehåller en fallstudie av mjukvarufel utförd på begäran av Scania. Målet med examensarbetet var att visa var fel uppkommer och hur tidigt de kunde ha upptäckts. Arbetet utfördes genom analys och kategorisering av tidigare rapporterade mjukvarufel från ett projekt som litade mycket på manuella högnivåtester. Kategoriseringen inkluderade både olika feltyper samt metoder för att hitta felen så tidigt som möjligt. Resultaten visade att de flesta felen som studerades kunde ha hittats tidigare, vilket indikerar att en större insats kring lågnivåtester kunde ha varit fördelaktig.
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Zhao, Hongdu. "Identification of redundant faults." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0012/MQ28468.pdf.
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Iwata, Hisaomi. "Stacking faults in silicon carbide /." Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2003/tek817s.pdf.
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Couturier, Nicolas. "Transient Stability During Asymmetrical Faults." Thesis, KTH, Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-160521.
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This research project has been conducted at RTE in order to study the transient stability after asymmetrical faults. When three-phase short-circuits occur in a network, almost all the electrical power is lost on the relevant line(s). Among all short-circuit types, it is the most drastic event and the issue has to be solved very quickly. But oddly, it is also the easiest problem to solve mathematically speaking. This comes from the fact that the system stays balanced, and equations can be simplified. However with line-to-ground faults this is no longer the case, and transient stability analysis becomes tricky. Until now, unbalanced situations have not been studied much. Since this kind of trouble is less serious than losing all three phases, every protection devices on the network have been sized to counter three-phase faults in time and avoid severe consequences. They will then also work for onephase problems. Despite this, there is a desire from RTE to understand – physically and mathematically – what happens when one-phase faults occur, and it is the mission behind this master thesis. First, a mathematical theoretical model was derived to examine a network’s stability without running any simulation. Then, once simulation software programs were taken in hand, several tests were run on a very simplified network, and compared with the theory developed previously. Finally, these experiments were carried out on a much larger scale. It is important to understand that, except for the theoretical model, all the results and conclusions in this document come from simulations. Even if a lot of tests and models led to them, these conclusions must be handled with care. The goal of this work was also to have a better understanding of unbalanced systems, of the Fortescue representation and thus, understand more clearly the parameters required by simulation tools like Eurostag© for future studies.Detta forskningsprojekt genomfördes hos RTE för att undersöka transientstabilitet efterosymmetriska fel. När trefasiga kortslutningar inträffar i en nätverk försvinner nästan all kraft i derelevanta ledningarna. Bland alla kortslutningstyper är detta den mest drastiska händelsen och måstelösas väldigt snabbt. Konstigt nog är det det lättaste problemet att lösa matematiskt. Detta på grundav faktumet att systemet förblir balanserat och ekvationer kan förenklas. Hursomhelst vid enfasigajordfel är detta inte längre fallet och transientstabilitetsanalys blir plötsligt svårt att räkna på. Fram tills nu har inte lösningar på obalanserade situationer studerats mycket. Eftersom denna typ avproblem är mindre allvarliga än att förlora alla tre faser, så har enheter på nätverket utformats för attmotverka trefas--‐fel snabbt och undvika allvarliga konsekvenser. Enheterna kommer då också fungeraför enfasproblem. Trots detta så finns det en önskan från RTE att förstå –fysiskt och matematiskt –vad som händer närett enfasproblem uppstår, det är det som är målet med mitt examensarbete. Först framtogs enmatematisk teoretisk modell för att examinera nätverkets stabilitet utan att köra någon simulation. Sedan med hjälp av mjukvarusimulatorer så utfördes flertalet test med den tidigare utveckladeteorin. I slutändan utfördes experimenten i en mycket större skala. Det är viktigt att förstå att, utom den teoretiska modellen, kommer alla resultat i denna rapportenfrån simuleringar. Även om flera tester och modeller ledde fram till dem, ska dessa slutsatserhanteras varsamt. Målet med detta arbete var att få bättre förståelse för obalanserade system, representationen med symmetriska komponenter och därmed, få en klarare förståelse för parametrarna som krävs avsimuleringssverktyg så som Eurostag© för framtida studier.
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Jones, R. H. "Seismic reflections from major faults." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377196.
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DIDIER, André Luís Ribeiro. "An algebra of temporal faults." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2017. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/25855.
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Fault modelling is essential to anticipate failures in critical systems. Traditionally, Static Fault Trees are employed to this end, but Temporal and Dynamic Fault Trees have gained evidence due to their enriched power to model and detect intricate propagation of faults that lead to a failure. In a previous work, we showed a strategy based on the process algebra CSP and Simulink models to obtain fault traces that lead to a failure. From the fault traces we discarded the ordering information to obtain structure expressions for Static Fault Trees. Instead of discarding such an ordering information, it could be used to obtain structure expressions of Temporal or Dynamic Fault Trees. In this work we present: (i) an algebra of temporal faults (with a notion of fault propagation) to analyse systems’ failures, and prove that it is indeed a Boolean algebra, and (ii) a parametrized activation logic to express nominal and erroneous behaviours, including fault modelling, provided an algebra and a set of operational modes. The algebra allows us to inherit Boolean algebra’s properties, laws and existing reduction techniques, which are very beneficial for fault modelling and analysis. With expressions in the algebra of temporal faults we allow the verification of safety properties based on Static, Temporal or Dynamic Fault Trees. The logic created in this work can be combined with other algebras beyond those shown here. Being used with the algebra of temporal faults it is intended to help analysts to consider all possible situations in complex expressions with order-related operators, avoiding missing subtle (but relevant) faults combinations. Furthermore, our algebra of temporal faults tackles the NOT operator which has been left out in other works. We illustrate our work on simple but real case studies, some supplied by our industrial partner EMBRAER. Isabelle/HOL was used to mechanize the theorems proofs of the algebra of temporal faults.
A modelagem de falhas é essencial na antecipação de defeitos em sistemas críticos. Tradicionalmente, Árvores de Falhas Estáticas são empregadas para este fim, mas Árvores de Falhas Temporais e Dinâmicas têm ganhado evidência devido ao seu maior poder para modelar e detectar propagações complexas de falhas que levam a um defeito. Em um trabalho anterior, mostramos uma estratégia baseada na álgebra de processos CSP e modelos Simulink para obter rastros (sequências) de falhas que levam a um defeito. A partir dos rastros de falhas nós descartamos a informação de ordenamento para obter expressões de estrutura para Ávores de Falhas Estáticas. Ao contrário de descartar tal informação de ordenamento, poderíamos usá-la para obter expressões de estrutura para Árvores de Falhas Temporais ou Dinâmicas. No presente trabalho apresentamos: (i) uma álgebra temporal de falhas (com noção de propagação de falhas) para analisar defeitos em sistemas e provamos que ela é de fato uma álgebra Booleana, e (ii) uma lógica de ativação parametrizada para expressar comportamentos nominais e de falha, incluindo a modelagem de falhas a partir de uma álgebra e um conjunto de modos de operação. A álgebra permite herdar as propriedades de álgebras Booleanas, leis e técnicas de redução existentes, as quais são muito benéficas para a modelagem e análise de falhas. Com expressões na álgebra temporal de falhas nós permitimos a verificação de propriedades de segurança (safety) baseadas em Árvores de Falhas Estáticas, Temporais ou Dinâmicas. A lógica criada neste trabalho pode ser usada com outras álgebras além das apresentadas. Sendo usada em conjunto com a álgebra temporal de falhas, tem a intenção de ajudar os analistas a considerar todas as possíveis situações em expressões complexas com operadores relacionados ao ordenamento das falhas, evitando esquecer combinações de falhas sutis (porém relevantes). Além disso, nossa álgebra temporal de falhas trata operadores NOT, que têm sido deixados de fora em outros trabalhos. Nós ilustramos nosso trabalho com alguns estudos de caso simples, mas reais, fornecidos pelo nosso parceiro industrial, a EMBRAER. Isabelle/HOL foi utilizado para a mecanização das provas dos teoremas da álgebra temporal de falhas.
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Sonti, Niharika. "A Unified Method for Detecting and Isolating Process Faults and Sensor Faults in Nonlinear Systems." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1292763603.
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Petropoulos, George Stavros. "Structure and relationships between Tertiary faults and Mesozoic thrust faults beneath the Great Salt Lake, Utah." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558236.
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Evans, Richard J. "Detecting bridging faults in CMOS circuits." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291084.
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Guiltinan, Tiffany. "Potentially active faults in central Mongolia." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1584413.
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The activity of the Ereen Uul fault and the Sanglin Dalai Nurr fault in central Mongolia has not been studied in detail. The Erren Uul fault is a normal fault located 45 km southeast from Harhorin and the Sanglin Dalai Nurr fault is a right-lateral strike-slip fault located 30 km south of Harhorin next to the Hangay Mountains. Remote sensing and field observations were used to refine a map by the Mongolian Geologic Survey at a scale of 1:1,000,000 to a scale of 1:100,000. This new map covers an area of 8,072 km2 . The basin asymmetry factor, stream length-gradient index, and hypsometric curves were developed for basins adjacent to these faults. These geomorphic indices along with the refined map were used to conclude that the Ereen Uul and Sanglin Dalai Nurr faults are active.
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Fang, Zijun. "Earthquake nucleation on geometrically complex faults." Diss., [Riverside, Calif.] : University of California, Riverside, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1957308721&SrchMode=2&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1269013342&clientId=48051.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.Includes abstract. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 20, 2010). Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.
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ALVES, Everton Leandro Galdino. "Early Detection of Manual Refactoring Faults." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2015. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/595.
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Um estudo recente mostra que cerca de 90% de todos os refactoramentos são aplicadosmanualmente. Refatoramentos manuais são mais suscetíveis a erro, uma vez que desenvolvedores tem que coordenar transformações relacionadas e entender relações, muitas vezes complexas, entre arquivos, variáveis e métodos. Neste contexto, suites de regressão são usadas para diminuir as chances de introdução de defeitos durante refatoramentos. Contudo, devido aos altos custos de lidar com suites massivas, existe a necessidade de otimização da execução destas. Técnicas de priorização de casos de teste propõem uma nova ordem de execução, almejando a detecção antecipada de faltas. Entretanto, as técnicas atuais não são projetadas para lidar especificamente com faltas relacionadas a refatoramentos. Neste documento propomos RBA (Refactoring-Based Approach), uma técnica de prioritização voltada para refatoramentos. RBA reordena uma suite existente de acordo com um conjunto de modelos de falta (Refactoring Fault Models - RFMs). Estes abrangem os elementos de códigoque são geralmente impactados dado um refatoramento. Apesar de ser a técnica de validação de refatoramentos mais usada na prática, em alguns casos, o uso de suites de regressão pode ser inadequado. Suites inadequadas podem impedir desenvolvedores de iniciar uma tarefa de refatoramento dada as chances de introdução de defeitos. A fim de complementar a validação por testes e ajudar na revisão de refatoramentos, nós propomos REFDISTILLER, uma técnica que usa anáise estática para detectar edições de código negligenciadas e edições extra que desviam de um refatoramento padrão e podem vir a mudar o comportamento do software. Ambas abordagens (RBA e REFDISTILLER) focam em sistemas Java/JUnit e em um sub conjunto dos refatoramentos mais comuns. Uma avaliação usando um dataset composto de faltas de refatoramento sutis, e comparando com técnicas de prioritização tradicionais, mostra que RBA melhor prioriza as suites em 71% dos casos, promovendo um melhor agrupamento dos casos de teste em 73% dos casos. REFDISTILLER detecta 97% das faltas do nosso dataset de faltas injetadas. Destas, 24% não são detectadas por suites de teste geradas. Finalmente, em um estudo com projetos open-source, REFDISTILLER detecta 22.1 mais anomalias que as suites de teste, com uma precisão de 94%. Esses resultados mostram que (i) RBA consegue melhorar consideravelmente a priorização durante evoluções perfectivas, melhorando tanto a antecipação da detecção de defeitos, quanto fornecendo mais informação sobre estes antecipadamente; (ii) REFDISTILLER complementa efetivamente a análise dinâmica por achar novas anomalias e fornecer informações extra que ajudam no debug e correção das faltas.
A recent study states that about 90% of all refactorings are done manually. Manual refactoring edits are error prone, as refactoring requires developers to coordinaterelated transformations and to understand the complex inter-relationship between affected files, variables, and methods. In this context, regression tests suites are often used as safety net for decreasing the chances of introducing behavior changes while refactoring. However, due to the high costs related to handling massive test suites, there is a need for optimizing testing execution. Test case prioritization techniques propose new test execution orders fostering early fault detection. However, existing general-purpose prioritization techniques are not specifically designed for detecting refactoring-related faults. In this work we propose a refactoringaware strategy - (RBA) (Refactoring-Based Approach) – for prioritizing regression test case execution. RBA reorders an existing test suite, according to a set of proposed Refactoring Fault Models (RFMs), which comprise impact locations of certain refactorings. Although being the most used refactoring validation strategy in practice, regression suites might be inadequate. Inadequate test suites may prevent developers from initiating or performing refactorings due to the risk of introducing bugs. To complement testing validation and help developers to review refactorings, we propose REFDISTILLER, a static analysis approach for detecting missing and extra edits that deviate from a standard refactoring and thus may affect a program’s behavior. Both strategies (RBA and RefDistiller) focus on Java/JUnit systems and on a set of the most common refactoring types. Our evaluation using a data set composed by hard-to-identify refactoring faults shows that RBA improves the position of the first fault-revealing test case in 71% of the suites, also providing a better grouping rate (in 73% of the cases) for test cases in the prioritized sequence, when compared to well-know general purpose techniques. Regarding REFDISTILLER, it detects 97% of all faults from our data set with seeded refactoring faults, of which 24% are not detected by generated test suites. Moreover, in a study with open source projects. REFDISTILLER detects 22.1 times more anomalies than testing, with 94% precision on overage. Those results show that (i) RBA can considerably improve prioritization during perfective evolution, both by anticipating fault detection as well as by helping to giving more information about the defects earlier, and (ii) REFDISTILLER effectively complements dynamic analysis by finding additional anomalies, while providing information that help fault debugging/fixing.
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Newman, Patrick James. "The Work Budget of Rough Faults." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1374070945.
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Walker, Ryan. "Localising imbalance faults in rotating machinery." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8606.
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This thesis presents a novel method of locating imbalance faults in rotating machinery through the study of bearing nonlinearities. Localisation in this work is presented as determining which discs/segments of a complex machine are affected with an imbalance fault. The novel method enables accurate localisation to be achieved using a single accelerometer, and is valid for both sub and super-critical machine operations in the presence of misalignment and rub faults. The development of the novel system for imbalance localisation has been driven by the desire for improved maintenance procedures, along with the increased requirement for Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) systems for rotating machinery in industry. Imbalance faults are of particular interest to aircraft engine manufacturers such as Rolls Royce plc, where such faults still result in undesired downtime of machinery. Existing methods of imbalance localisation have yet to see widespread implementation in IVHM and Engine Health Monitoring (EHM) systems, providing the motivation for undertaking this project. The imbalance localisation system described has been developed primarily for a lab-based Machine Fault Simulator (MFS), with validation and verification performed on two additional test rigs. Physics based simulations have been used in order to develop and validate the system. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been applied for the purposes of reasoning, using nonlinear features in the frequency domain originating from bearing nonlinearities. The system has been widely tested in a range of situations, including in the presence of misalignment and rub faults and on a full scale aircraft engine model. The novel system for imbalance localisation has been used as the basis for a methodology aimed at localising common faults in future IVHM systems, with the aim of communicating the results and findings of this research for the benefit of future research. The works contained herein therefore contribute to scientific knowledge in the field of IVHM for rotating machinery.
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Yang, Fan. "New tests and test methodologies for scan cell internal faults." Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/452.
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Semiconductor industry goals for the quality of shipped products continue to get higher to satisfy customer requirements. Higher quality of shipped electronic devices can only be obtained by thorough tests of the manufactured components. Scan chains are universally used in large industrial designs in order to cost effectively test manufactured electronic devices. They contain nearly half of the logic transistors in large industrial designs. Yet, faults in the scan cells are not directly targeted by the existing tests. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the detectability of the faults internal to scan cells.
In this thesis, we analyze the detection of line stuck-at, transistor stuck-on, resistive opens and bridging faults in scan cells. Both synchronous and asynchronous scan cells are considered. We define the notion of half-speed flush test and demonstrate that such new tests increase coverage of internal faults in scan cells. A new set of flush tests is proposed and such tests are applied at higher temperatures to detect scan cell internal opens with a wider range of resistances. We also propose new scan based tests to further increase the coverage of those opens. The proposed tests are shown to achieve the maximum possible coverage of opens in transistors internal to scan cells. For an asynchronous scan cell considered, two new flush tests are added to cover the faults that are not detected by the tests for synchronous scan cells. An analysis of detection of a set of scan cell internal bridging faults is described. Both zero-resistance and nonzero-resistance bridging fault models are considered. We show that the detection of some zero-resistance non-feedback bridging faults requires two-pattern tests. We classify the undetectable faults based on the reasons for their undetectability.
We also propose an enhanced logic BIST architecture that accomplishes the new flush tests we propose to detect scan cell internal opens.
The effectiveness of these new methods to detect scan cell internal faults is demonstrated by experimental results using some standard scan cells from a large industrial design.
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Sturms, Jason M. "Surficial mapping and kinematic modeling of the St. Clair thrust fault, Monroe County, West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5597.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 84 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-78).
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Schmalzle, Gina Marie. "The Earthquake Cycle of Strike-Slip Faults." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/177.
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An earthquake is a mechanism of stress release along plate boundaries due to relative motion between the Earth's lithospheric blocks. The period in which stresses are accruing across the plate boundary is known as the interseismic portion of the earthquake cycle. This dissertation focuses on interseismic portion of the earthquake cycle to extract characteristics of fault, shear zone and rock properties. Global Positioning System (GPS) data are used to observe the pattern of deformation across two primarily strike-slip fault systems: the Carrizo Segment of the San Andreas Fault (SAF) and the Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ). Two sets of GPS data are processed, analyzed and applied to analytic and numerical models describing the interseismic behavior of the earthquake cycle. The Carrizo segment is mature (i.e., had many earthquakes) and has juxtaposed terrains with varying rock properties laterally across the fault system. Lateral variations in rock properties affect the pattern of deformation around strike-slip faults and affect how surrounding rock deforms and if not considered may bias the interpretation of the faulted system. The Carrizo segment separates Franciscan terrain northeast of the fault from Salinian block to the southwest. GPS data are well fit to a model with a 15-25 km weak zone northeast of the Carrizo segment. The long-term slip rate estimated on the SAF is 34-38 mm/yr, with 2-4 mm/yr accommodated on faults to the west. The viscosity for the combined lower crust/upper mantle is estimated at 2-5x10^19 Pa s. This model is consistent with the distribution of rock type and corresponding laboratory data on their material properties, paleoseismic, seismic and magnetotelluric data. The ECSZ is a young (<10 >Myr) system of strike-slip faults including the Owens Valley - Airport Lake, Panamint Valley - Ash Hill - Hunter Mountain and Death Valley - Furnace Creek fault systems. The ECSZ study concentrates on fault evolution by finding the current position of maximum shear across the shear zone and estimating fault rates. Geologic studies suggest that the Death Valley - Furnace Creek fault system on eastern end of the ECSZ was the primary accommodator of slip early in the ECSZ history. This study suggests that the current locus of shear has shifted westward, and resides in the center of the ECSZ under the Panamint Valley - Ash Hill -Hunter Mountain fault system. The model dependent estimated geodetic rate of the Ash Hill - Panamint Valley -Hunter Mountain fault system (4.91-6.11 mm/yr) is faster than geologic estimates (1.6 - 4 mm/yr). The result is interpreted as a simplification of the ECSZ with time, combined with progressive westward migration of deformation. The best estimate for a combined rate across the shear zone is 10 mm/yr (20% of total Pacific-North America motion). The summation of rates obtained by this study is 49 mm/yr, well within estimates obtained by previous studies using independent techniques.
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Gross, Ralf. "3-D georadar surveying of active faults /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=14971.
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Baudon, Catherine. "Propagation and early growth of normal faults." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2007. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/56187/.
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This research project used 3D seismic data located in the Levant Basin, eastern Mediterranean and in the Espirito Santo Basin, offshore Brazil, in order to investigate the early propagation of small normal faults and develop criteria to reconstruct fault kinematics. Detailed interpretation of the 3D geometry of faults, extensive mapping of the throw distribution and investigation of the ductile deformation in the volume surrounding the fault planes provided new insights into the propagation and early growth of normal faults. The Levant survey was used to investigate a unique array of small blind normal faults that were then compared to neighbouring small growth faults in order to better understand their early growth history. Criteria for the recognition of blind faults were defined. Unrestricted blind faults were compared to those that underwent a subsequent mechanical interaction with a major lithological boundary or another structure. The results show that such restrictions affect the throw distribution on most of the fault plane and is not only limited to the proximal zone of interaction. An analysis of growth faults that have recently made the transition from a blind stage to a syn-sedimentary stage suggests that most of the fault surface area formed during the blind propagation phase. A large proportion of the displacement was added during the syn-sedimentary phase as a result of interaction with the free surface. This led to a change in the position of the point of maximum displacement, as well as a shift of the entire vertical throw distribution. These results suggest that the dimensions of the faults were established early in the growth history and that displacement on and surrounding fault planes was added for a near constant dimension. Crestal extensional faults that grew by blind propagation before reaching the surface were investigated from the Espirito-Santo survey. These faults were reactivated by blind propagation after a significant period of quiescence. A reconstruction of the 3D geometry of the fault network and detailed analysis of the throw distribution provided new insights into the kinematics of reactivation. Two distinct modes of reactivation are recognised: a typical reactivation by upward propagation and a reactivation by dip linkage. These are selective processes and factors controlling preferential reactivation are discussed. All these results have wide implications for fault growth models and are applicable to many petroleum systems.
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Perovic, Srdjan. "Diagnosis of pump faults and flow regimes." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288827.
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Higgs, William G. "The geometries and kinematics of extensional faults." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261458.
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Tang, H. "Location of soft-faults within analogue circuits." Thesis, University of Essex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302794.
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Flanigan, Ed. "Scalable test generation for path delay faults /." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1791777651&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2009."Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering." Keywords: Path delay faults, Test generation, VLSI, Scalable test generation. Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-73). Also available online.
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Zhong, Jian. "Ontology and knowledgebase of fractures and faults /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Karner, Stephen L. (Stephen Leslie) 1966. "Laboratory analysis of restrenghtening on simulated faults." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8974.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-118).
Seismic data show that stress drop increases with the logarithm of earthquake recurrence interval (1-5 MPa per decade time). If stress drop is taken as a proxy for fault strength, then the data suggest that faults restrengthen during the quiescent period of the earthquake cycle. Seismic surveys across natural faults show that seismic velocities increase with elapsed time after an earthquake. These data also indicate that faults lithify and heal during the interseismic period. Hence, this thesis is centered on laboratory research designed to investigate fault restrengthening. Experiments have been conducted to study the factors that effect stick-slip behavior of bare rock surfaces, and healing of simulated fault gouge under a range of physico-chemical conditions. We have performed experiments to investigate the repetitive stick-slip behavior of initially bare granite surfaces (nominal contact area 25 cm2). The tests were conducted in a double-direct shear apparatus at room-temperature and humidity, and normal stress was held constant throughout. Shear was induced by controlling the velocity of the loading piston (0.5-300 µmis). Data from individual stick-slip cycles show that shear stress increases quasi-linearly without considerable displacement across the sliding surface (stick), and sample failure (slip) is accompanied by a rapid stress drop. The amount of stress drop ranges from 0.1 to 3.1 MPa (or 4-49% of the failure strength). Prior to each instability samples exhibit yielding, consistent with previous laboratory observations of premonitory slip. Quasi-periodic instabilities occur repeatedly and we study the effect of loading rate and normal load on stress drop and recurrence interval (the time since the last event). We measure recurrence interval from the time when reloading begins after a slip event to the time that the next instability occurs. At a given loading rate, our data show a positive correlation between stress drop and recurrence interval, indicating healing rates of -3.5 MPa per decade increase in recurrence time. However, the combined data from all velocities show a lower rate, suggesting an apparent healing rate of -0.8 MPa per decade increase in recurrence time. We observe a similar velocity-dependent correlation between the peak shear stress prior to failure ( a measure of the ultimate strength of the material) and recurrence interval. We find a consistent scaling between different loading rates when the stress drop data are compared to the load.point displacement prior to failure ...
by Stephen L. Karner.
Ph.D.
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Flanigan, Edward. "SCALABLE TEST GENERATION FOR PATH DELAY FAULTS." OpenSIUC, 2009. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/291.
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Modern day IC design has drawn a lot of attention towards the path delay fault model (PDF) [1], which targets delay defects that affect the timing characteristics of a circuit. Due to the exponential number of paths in modern circuits a subset of critical paths are chosen for testing purposes [2]. Path intensive circuits contain a large number of critical paths whose delays affect the performance of the circuit. This dissertation presents three techniques to improve test generation for path delay faults. The first technique presented in this dissertation avoids testing unnecessary paths by using arithmetic operations. This second technique shows how to compact many faults into a single test application, thus saving valuable test application time. The third technique demonstrates how to generate tests under modern day scan architectures. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
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Samala, Keerthana. "Test Pattern Generation for Double Transition faults." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2374.
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Keerthana Samala, for the Master of Science degree in Electrical and Computer, presented on 05/11/2018, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: Test Pattern Generation for Double Transition Faults MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Spyros Tragoudas Under double transition fault model, a fault is associated with a pair of lines and a pair of transitions on these lines. The proposed double transition fault model includes set of cases where the increased delay of a single faulty line may be too small to cause the faulty behavior of the circuit. However, when this delay propagates through another faulty line then the total delay is assumed to be beyond the specified circuit delay which may cause the circuit to fail, thus causing a double transition fault. We propose a test generation procedure for double transition faults, considering different cases of the model. For this purpose a PODEM based Automatic Test Pattern Generation Tool was modified and used. We present experimental results of this procedure for several ISCAS '85 and ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits.
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Gomes, Guerreiro Gabriel Miguel. "Cross-Country Faults in Resonant-Earthed Networks." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-293643.
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Reliability requirements for power systems have been constantly increasing, as customers of electric power desire high power availability. In order to improve continuity of supply in medium voltage (MV) networks, utilities in many countries in Europe, North/South America and Oceania use resonant earthing and allow the operation of the network during a single phasetoearth fault for periods from several seconds up to several hours, since the earthfault current at the fault point in such systems is considerably reduced and is unlikely to damage equipment or create hazardous voltages for people or livestock. Due to the neutral potential displacement during the phasetoearth fault, the healthy phases can rise up to 1.73 times the nominal values in the entire network, overstressing insulation and increasing the probability of a second fault from another phasetoearth fault somewhere in the network. The situation of two simultaneously active phasetoearth faults on different phases at different locations in a network is commonly called a crosscountry or doubleearth fault. The current through the earth then becomes many times higher than in case of a single phasetoearth fault in a resonantearthed network. Few studies about CrossCountry faults in MV systems have been done so far, particularly with real fault data and simulations. This thesis has as main objectives to: improve understanding of how crosscountry faults behave in resonantearthed systems; show how the double fault situation can be analytically calculated; and study what difficulties these faults can pose to traditional distance protection. This is done by: analyzing recordings of real faults, obtained from utilities in Scandinavia; modelling the fault situations analytically; simulating such systems with real system data; and examining in particular how faultedphase selection and distance protection behave during these faults. The developed mathematical model was compared with a simple simulated system. The results showed that the modelling produces accurate results. Analysis of the real faults showed that crosscountry faults cannot be equated directly to more traditional singlephase or doublephase faults on particular feeders, since voltages and currents can behave in atypical manners. Finally, during the comprehensive simulations of such network, limitations of traditional distance protection were identified. Phasetophase loops can face difficulties in properly detecting crosscountry faults even when one of the two simultaneous faults is relatively close to the measuring point. Phasetoearth loops can only be reliable when faults are solid or with very low resistance and in conditions where zero sequence current is present, while for multiple infeeds can also face difficulties.Kraven på elkraftsystemets pålitlighet ökar hela tiden, då kundernas krav på tillgänglighet hela tiden stiger. Som ett led i att förbättra leveranssäkerheten på mellanspänningsnivån har ett flertal elnätsbolag i Europa, Nord och Sydamerika samt Oceanien börjat använda spoljordning. Genom detta kan jordfel under drift tillåtas, på allt ifrån sekundbasis till timmar. På detta sätt undviks driftavbrott vid jordfel. Spoljordning gör att jordfelsströmmen reduceras vilket minimerar risken för person, djur och egendomsskador. Under ett enfasigt jordfel höjs spänningen i de två opåverkade faserna till maximalt 1.73 gånger den nominella spänningen, detta i hela det aktuella nätet. Spänningshöjningen riskerar att ge skador på isolaringen, vilket gör att risken för uppkomsten av ett andra jordfel någonstans i samma nätavsnitt ökar. Att två enfasiga jordfel på olika platser inträffar samtidigt i samma nät, kallas dubbelt jordfel, på engelska crosscountry fault. Strömmen genom jord i ett spoljordat nät blir i detta fallet mycket högre än för ett enfasigt jordfel. Än så länge har bara ett fåtal studier med verkliga data och simuleringar gällande dubbla jordfel på mellanspänningsnivå utförts. Detta examensarbete syftar till att: förbättra förståelsen för hur dubbla jordfel uppkommer i spoljordade nät; beskriva hur dubbla jordfel kan beräknas analytiskt; och visa på vilka svårigheter dubbla jordfel kan ge för distansskydd. Detta görs genom: att analysera verkliga fel uppkomna i Skandinavien; analytisk modellering av dessa situationer; simulering med data från verkliga elnät; undersökning av hur felbehäftade delar och dess distansskydd beter sig vid fel. Den utvecklade matematiska modelleringsmetoden är jämförd med ett enkelt system som var simulerat, och resultaten av jämförelsen visar att modellen ger ett överensstämmande och noggrant resultat. Analysen av verkliga fel visar att dubbla jordfel inte direkt kan likställas med traditionella enfas- eller tvåfasfel för ett och samma utgående fack, då spänning och strömmar kan ha olika beteende. Avslutningsvis kunde begränsningar hos traditionella distansskydd upptäckas, tack var en omfattande simulering av nyss nämnda elnät. Fas- fas slingan kan se svårigheter att detektera dubbla fel även när ett av dessa två är nära till mätpunkten. Fas- jord slingan är endast pålitlig när felresistansen är försumbar, eller i fall där felresistansen är låg, samt i fall när nollföljdsströmmen är närvarande. Flera felströmsinmatningar kan likaså ställa till svårigheter.
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Aljohani, Aisha Obaidallah. "DISTRIBUTED ROBOT COORDINATION HANDLING OBSTRUCTIONS AND FAULTS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1511891411777291.
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Khan, Mohammad Ziaullah. "Concurrent detection of transient faults in microprocessors." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54212.
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A large number of errors in digital systems are due to the presence of transient faults. This is especially true of microprocessor-based systems working in a radiation environment that experience transient faults due to single event upsets. These upsets cause a temporary change in the state of the system without any permanent damage. Because of their random and non-recurring nature, transient faults are difficult to detect and isolate, hence they become a source of major concern, especially in critical real-time application areas. Concurrent detection of these errors is necessary for real-time operation.
Most existing fault tolerance schemes either use redundancy to mask effects of transient faults or monitor the system for abnormal operations and then perform recovery operation. Although very effective, redundancy schemes incur substantial overhead that makes them unsuitable for small systems. Most monitoring schemes, on the other hand, only detect control flow errors.
A new approach called Concurrent Processor Monitoring for on-line detection of transient faults is proposed that attempts to achieve high error coverage with small error detection latency. The concept of the execution profile of an instruction is defined and is used for detecting control flow and execution errors. To implement this scheme, a watchdog processor is designed for monitoring operation of the main processor. The effectiveness of this technique is demonstrated through computer simulations.Ph. D.
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Bie, Lidong. "Investigating the earthquake cycle of normal faults." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2036419/.
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Geodetic observations of crustal deformation through the earthquake cycle provide unique opportunities to gain essential knowledge of faulting mechanisms, lithospheric rheology, and fault interaction. Normal faults, an integral geologic unit responsible for crustal deformation, are specifically investigated in this thesis, via three case studies in two significantly different tectonic environments: the 2008 Mw 6.3 Damxung and Mw 7.1 Yutian earthquakes on the Tibetan Plateau, and the 2005 Mw 7.8 Tarapaca earthquake in the northern Chile subduction zone. To move toward realistic slip models, I consider crustal layering for the Damxung earthquake, and non-planar rupture for the Yutian earthquake. The Damxung study shows that assuming a homogeneous crust underestimates the depth of slip and overestimates the magnitude, in comparison to a crustal model with a weak sedimentary lid. A curved fault model composed of triangular dislocation elements (TDEs) for the Yutian earthquake recovers the geodetic observation better than rectangular fault segments. Normal faulting earthquakes are characterized by shallow slip deficit, which is partially compensated by patchy afterslip around, but no deeper than, the coseismic rupture. The complementary and partially-overlapping relationship between coseismic slip and afterslip implies complexity of frictional properties in both down-dip and along-strike directions. Postseismic deformation induced by viscoelastic relaxation (VER) following normal faulting earthquakes is fundamentally different in pattern from that produced by afterslip. This difference enables identification of afterslip as the major postseismic mechanism for the Damxung and Yutian earthquakes, and VER for the Tarapaca earthquake. In addition to understanding the faulting mechanism, I also place constraints on local rheological structure. In central Tibet, where the Damxung earthquake occurred, lack of noticeable VER-related signal allows a lower bound of 1 × 1018 Pa s for the viscosity of the lower crust/upper mantle. In northern Chile, geodetic observations following the Tarapaca earthquake indicate a weak layer with viscosity of 4 – 8 × 10^18 Pa s beneath a higher-viscosity lower crust and mantle lithosphere, and a strong continental forearc. Based on the co- and post-seismic models, I investigate fault interaction from a perspective of static stress change. Stress computation suggests that the 2014 Mw 6.9 strike-slip event close to the Altyn Tagh fault occurred on a fault that was positively stressed by the Yutian earthquake, and the Altyn Tagh fault to the east of the 2014 rupture is a potential locus for future failure. Although the Coulomb stress change on the 2014 Iquique earthquake rupture is negative due to the Tarapaca earthquake and its postseismic VER process, positive loading on the shallow-dipping nodal plane of its M 6.7 preshock suggests that the Tarapaca earthquake may have acted as an indirect trigger of the 2014 Iquique earthquake. Both studies reveal the role played by normal faults in interacting with other types of faults and have implications for seismic hazard assessment.
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Dadashikelayeh, Majid. "Integrated hardware-software diagnosis of intermittent faults." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50059.
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Intermittent hardware faults are hard to diagnose as they occur non-deterministically. Hardware-only diagnosis techniques incur significant power and area overheads. On the other hand, software-only
diagnosis techniques have low power and area overheads, but have limited visibility into many micro-architectural
structures and hence cannot diagnose faults in them.
To overcome these limitations, we propose a hardware-software
integrated framework for diagnosing intermittent faults. The hardware part of our framework, called SCRIBE
continuously records the resource usage information of every instruction in the processor, and exposes it to
the software layer. SCRIBE has 0.95% on-chip area overhead, incurs a performance overhead of 12% and power overhead of 9%, on average.
The software part of our framework is called SIED and uses backtracking from the program's crash dump to
find the faulty micro-architectural resource. Our technique has an average accuracy of 84% in diagnosing the faulty
resource, which in turn enables fine-grained deconfiguration with less than 2% performance loss after deconfiguration.Applied Science, Faculty of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Almalki, Mishrari Metab. "CLASSIFICATION OF HIGH IMPEDANCE FAULTS, INCIPIENT FAULTS AND CIRCUIT BREAKER RESTRIKES DURING CAPACITOR BANK DE-ENERGIZATION IN RADIAL DISTRIBUTION FEEDERS." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1524.
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Monitoring of abnormal events in a distribution feeder by using a single technique is a challenging task. Many abnormal events can cause unsafe operation, including a high impedance fault (HIF) caused by a downed conductor touch ground surface, an incipient fault (IF) caused by partial breakdown to a cable insulation, and a circuit breaker (CB) malfunction due to capacitor bank de-energization to cause current restrikes. These abnormal events are not detectable by conventional protection schemes. In this dissertation, a new technique to identify distribution feeder events is proposed based on the complex Morlet wavelet (CMW) and on a decision tree (DT) classifier. First, the event is detected using CMW. Subsequently, a DT using event signatures classifies the event as normal operation, continuous and non-continuous arcing events (C.A.E. and N.C.A.E.). Additional information from the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) can be used to precisely identify the event. The proposed method is meticulously tested on the IEEE 13- and IEEE 34-bus systems and has shown to correctly classify those events. Furthermore, the proposed method is capable of detecting very high impedance incipient faults (IFs) and CB restrikes at the substation level with relatively short detection time. The proposed method uses only current measurements at a low sampling rate of 1440 Hz yielding an improvement of existing methods that require much higher sampling rates.
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Gomes, Alfred Vincent. "Alternate Test Generation for Detection of Parametric Faults." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5285.
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Tests for detecting faults in analog and mixed-signal circuits have been traditionally
derived from the datasheet speci and #64257;cations. Although these speci and #64257;cations describe important
aspects of the device, in many cases these application oriented tests are costly to implement
and are inefficient in determining product quality. Increasingly, the gap between speci and #64257;cation test requirements and the capabilities of test equipment has been widening.
In this work, a systematic method to generate and evaluate alternate tests for detecting parametric faults is proposed. We recognize that certain aspects of analog test generation problem are not amenable to automation. Additionally, functional features of analog circuits are widely varied and cannot be assumed by the test generator. To overcome these problems, an extended device under test (DUT) model is developed that encapsulates the DUT and the DUT speci and #64257;c tasks. The interface of this model provides a well de and #64257;ned and uniform view of a large class of devices. This permits several simpli and #64257;cations in the test generator. The
test generator is uses a search-based procedure that requires evaluation of a large number
of candidate tests. Test evaluation is expensive because of complex fault models and slow
fault simulation techniques. A tester-resident test evaluation technique is developed to
address this issue. This method is not limited by simulation complexity nor does it require
an explicit fault model. Making use of these two developments, an efficient and automated
test generation method is developed. Theoretical development and a number of examples
are used to illustrate various concepts that are presented in this thesis.
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Cheang, Tak Son. "Inter-turn faults of three-phase induction machines." Thesis, University of Macau, 1997. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1445597.
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Sune, Dan. "Isolation of Multiple-faults with Generalized Fault-modes." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1480.
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Most AI approaches for fault isolation handle only the behavioral modes OK and NOT OK. To be able to isolate faults in components with generalized behavioral modes, a new framework is needed. By introducing domain logic and assigning the behavior of a component to a behavioral mode domain, efficient representation and calculation of diagnostic information is made possible.
Diagnosing components with generalized behavioral modes also requires extending familiar characterizations. The characterizations candidate, generalized kernel candidate and generalized minimal candidate are introduced and it is indicated how these are deduced.
It is concluded that neither the full candidate representation nor the generalized kernel candidate representation are conclusive enough. The generalized minimal candidate representation focuses on the interesting diagnostic statements to a large extent. If further focusing is needed, it is satisfactory to present the minimal candidates which have a probability close to the most probable minimal candidate.
The performance of the fault isolation algorithm is very good, faults are isolated as far as it is possible with the provided diagnostic information.
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Das, Ratan. "Determining the locations of faults in distribution systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0013/NQ27401.pdf.
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Sprenkle, Sara E. "Strategies for automatically exposing faults in Web applications." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 203 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1397920361&sid=8&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Willson, Jonathan Paul. "Modelling the evolution of damage surrounding geological faults." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/142.
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Roberts, Gerald Patrick. "Deformation and diagenetic histories around foreland thrust faults." Thesis, Durham University, 1990. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6258/.
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This thesis is concerned with the relationship between deformation and fluid flow along thrust zones. The study was carried out in the Vercors, French Sub-Alpine Chains foreland thrust belt. Study of the thermal alteration of organic matter within the area suggests that prior to west-north-west directed thrusting within the Vercors basin in post middle Miocene times, the rocks now exposed at the surface had not been buried beneath a large thickness of foredeep sediments and remained within the diagenetic realm. Deeper buried levels within the stratigraphy passed into the hydrocarbon generation window prior to thrusting within the Vercors basin. The rocks presently exposed at the surface also remained in the diagenetic realm during and after the thrusting which suggests that thrust sheet loading did not significantly contribute to thermal alteration of organic matter. The structures of the thrust belt may have been possible structural traps for any hydrocarbons which underwent re-migration during the thrusting. The structures have been exhumed by erosion during isostatic uplift. The Rencurel Thrust and overlying Rencurel Thrust Sheet were selected for special study as they are of regional structural importance. The thrust emplaces Urgonian limestones onto Miocene molasse sediments at present erosion levels. The thrust sheet is internally deformed by thrusts and folds. Structural data indicate that the deformation within the thrust sheet and within the Rencurel Thrust Zone occurred during one kinematically linked phase of thrusting. The Rencurel Thrust Zone itself is around 100 metres thick. The higher part of the thrust zone is composed of an array of minor faults developed within the Urgonian. These fault zones are generally less than 10cm wide and are coated in fault gouge. This array of faults is underlain by a gouge zone along the thrust contact between the Urgonian and the Miocene which is several metres thick. The gouge zones were all formed during the action of diffusive mass transfer (DMT) and cataclasis as deformation mechanisms. The wall-rocks to the gouge zones are relatively undeformed by the action of cataclasis. Cataclasis is dilatant and produces fracture porosity which increases the permeability of the fault zones whilst DMT reduces the porosity and permeability of the fault zones due to cement precipitation and pressure dissolution. Cross- cutting relationships between the microstructures indicating the action of cataclasis and DMT, suggest that the porosity and permeability of the fault rocks changed in a complex manner during the incremental deformation. This has important implications for assessing syn-kinematic fluid migration through fault zones. The fault rocks exposed at the surface today are relatively impermeable compared to undeformed wall-rocks away from the fault zone which have permeabilities comparable to those found within hydrocarbon reservoirs. The thrust zone may have been a seal in the sub-surface after the cessation of thrusting but prior to uplift and erosion. Early distributed deformation produced an array of minor faults within the Urgonian. Cataclasis had ceased along these faults before later deformation became localised along the gouge zone which exists along the thrust contact between the Urgonian and the Miocene rocks. Early deformation was accompanied by the migration through fracture porosity of pore waters which were saturated with respect to calcite and had interacted with organic matter which was being thermally altered. This fluid flow system was not connected to fluid flow higher in the stratigraphy which resulted in the precipitation of ferroan calcite within fracture porosity in the Senonian limestones. Late deformation within the thrust zone was accompanied by the migration of hydrocarbons and pore waters saturated with respect to calcite and pyrite. All the pore waters involved in migration through the active thrust zone seem to have migrated up-dip. They migrated from levels in the stratigraphy where organic metamorphism and the maturation of hydrocarbons were occurring to levels in the deformed section which have always remained within the diagenetic realm. Ferroan calcite, pyrite and traces of hydrocarbons have not been found outside the gouge zone along the thrust contact between the Urgonian and Miocene. The fracturing which occurred to open this migration pathway did not re- fracture the inactive minor faults which were impermeable at this time. Fluid migration at this time was confined to beneath the zone of impermeable minor faults in the Urgonian and did not contribute to the diagenesis of the rocks above the thrust zone. Hydrocarbons could not have entered the hanging-wall anticline above the thrust zone from this migration pathway. The fracturing at this time did not produce connected fracture networks pervasively throughout the thrust zone which suggests that the deformation may not have released large amounts of energy in the form of seismic waves.
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Jesson, D. E. "High energy electron diffraction from transverse stacking faults." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378795.
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Grimes, Hillary Agrawal Vishwani D. "Reconvergent fanout analysis of bounded gate delay faults." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Electrical_and_Computer_Engineering/Thesis/Grimes_Hillary_50.pdf.
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Murthy, Vinay. "Recovery from transient faults in wavefront processor arrays." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06302009-040356/.
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Venkateswaran, Sriram. "Functional testing of faults in asynchronous crossbar architecture." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2009. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Sriram_09007dcc805dd758.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2009.Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed January 22, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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DAMOUS, ISSA LEAL. "THE BORDERLINE CASES AND THE EARLY ENVIRONMENTAL FAULTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8119@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROOs casos-limite vêm sendo referidos na psicanálise desde o final da década de 30, sobretudo em função dos impasses que impõem ao tratamento analítico clássico. Em geral, a literatura disponível sobre o assunto ressalta a presença ou alternância de angústias intensas de intrusão e/ou abandono, o que é mais comumente associado à falhas nas experiências primárias com o ambiente. Estas falhas podem ser localizadas nas experiências de dependência absoluta, na qual o bebê encontra-se indiferenciado do ambiente, e nas experiências de diferenciação do mesmo, implicando em prejuízos na configuração de um espaço potencial entre mãe e bebê e na própria constituição das fronteiras psíquicas. Conseqüentemente, pode-se verificar profunda instabilidade mental, problemas de vinculação e desvinculação, forte sensação de irrealidade, entre outras tantas dificuldades que se espalham por diversos quadros clínicos bastante comuns na contemporaneidade, tais como quadros depressivos, psicossomatoses, abuso de drogas e outras compulsões, e transtornos alimentares. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho toma o ambiente como um aporte fundamental nas experiências mais arcaicas, de modo a assegurar a estabilidade mental do ser humano. Para tal, recorre-se principalmente às contribuições teórico- clínicas de Winnicott, Anzieu e André Green.
Boderline personality disorder cases have been studied in psychoanalysis since the late 1930`s, primarily due to the difficulty they impose on classical analytic treatment. In general, current literature emphasizes the presence of an intense anxiety of being forsaken or invaded, or a state alternating between the two, both of which are commonly associated with faults developed during early experiences with an individual`s environment. These faults, that can be found at a state of total dependency where the baby`s experiences are merged with the mother`s and at a state where the baby understands the mother`s experiences as something separate, implicate in damage to the constitution of potential space between mother and baby and to the constitution of psyche frontiers. Consequently, the patients present deep mental instabilities, relationship problems, strong unreality feelings, among many other issues that can be seen in contemporary psyche illnesses, such as depression, psychosomatic problems, drug abuse, compulsion and eating disorder. Therefore, based mainly on the studies of Winnicott, Anzieu and André Green, this present research proposes that the environment is the basis to a healthy and stable human being`s psyche.
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Roland, Emily Carlson. "Earthquake behavior and structure of oceanic transform faults." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70778.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Oceanic transform faults that accommodate strain at mid-ocean ridge offsets represent a unique environment for studying fault mechanics. Here, I use seismic observations and models to explore how fault structure affects mechanisms of slip at oceanic transforms. Using teleseismic data, I find that seismic swarms on East Pacific Rise (EPR) transforms exhibit characteristics consistent with the rupture propagation velocity of shallow aseismic creep transients. I also develop new thermal models for the ridge-transform fault environment to estimate the spatial distribution of earthquakes at transforms. Assuming a temperature-dependent rheology, thermal models indicated that a significant amount of slip within the predicted temperature-dependent seismogenic area occurs without producing large-magnitude earthquakes. Using a set of local seismic observations, I consider how along-fault variation in the mechanical behavior may be linked to material properties and fault structure. I use wide-angle refraction data from the Gofar and Quebrada faults on the equatorial EPR to determine the seismic velocity structure, and image wide low-velocity zones at both faults. Evidence for fractured fault zone rocks throughout the crust suggests that unique friction characteristics may influence earthquake behavior. Together, earthquake observations and fault structure provide new information about the controls on fault slip at oceanic transform faults.
by Emily Carlson Roland.
Ph.D.
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Vandiver, Benjamin Mead 1978. "Detecting and tolerating Byzantine faults in database systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44714.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-174).
This thesis describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of a replication scheme to handle Byzantine faults in transaction processing database systems. The scheme compares answers from queries and updates on multiple replicas which are off-the-shelf database systems, to provide a single database that is Byzantine fault tolerant. The scheme works when the replicas are homogeneous, but it also allows heterogeneous replication in which replicas come from different vendors. Heterogeneous replicas reduce the impact of bugs and security compromises because they are implemented independently and are thus less likely to suffer correlated failures. A final component of the scheme is a repair mechanism that can correct the state of a faulty replica, ensuring the longevity of the scheme. The main challenge in designing a replication scheme for transaction processing systems is ensuring that the replicas state does not diverge while allowing a high degree of concurrency. We have developed two novel concurrency control protocols, commit barrier scheduling (CBS) and snapshot epoch scheduling (SES) that provide strong consistency and good performance. The two protocols provide different types of consistency: CBS provides single-copy serializability and SES provides single-copy snapshot isolation. We have implemented both protocols in the context of a replicated SQL database. Our implementation has been tested with production versions of several commercial and open source databases as replicas. Our experiments show a configuration that can tolerate one faulty replica has only a modest performance overhead (about 10-20% for the TPC-C benchmark). Our implementation successfully masks several Byzantine faults observed in practice and we have used it to find a new bug in MySQL.
by Benjamin Mead Vandiver.
Ph.D.
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Idimadakala, Vijaya K. "Dining philosophers with masking tolerance to crash faults." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1072.
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Jayaraman, Vivek Adithya. "Protection of Falling Conductors into Flammable Vegetation Faults." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101901.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing modernization of the world has brought about a human component to natural disasters, which are exacerbated by the growing threat of climate change. The Western United States and Australia have witnessed some of the deadliest, costliest, and destructive wildfires in the recent past with downed electric power lines being a significant factor amongst the causes. The relationship between wildfires and powerlines is not a newly discovered phenomenon, however, utilities across the globe are struggling to find an optimal solution to this problem. While existing regulations allow utilities to schedule power shutdowns, they are often accompanied by massive financial losses and discomfort to consumers. Utilities also need to factor in the climatic conditions in the region of their service and the flammability of the vegetation surrounding their lines while making decisions pertaining to system planning, load shedding, and protection. This multi-faceted problem can be dealt with in multiple ways – one such technique involves detection of a falling line into sensitive vegetation before it encounters the earth. This approach essentially boils down the problem into detecting a single line open circuit fault. The open circuit is momentary and hence, speed is of the essence in such a protection scheme. In this thesis, detection of an open circuit is carried out in two different ways, viz., with and without communication support between the various elements of the system, with the latter technique being a novel proposal with the aim of achieving a secure protection scheme with minimal additional infrastructural requirements.Master of Science
The contact of a live wire with the earth is a fault. While most faults can be cleared using traditional protection techniques, there is a higher risk associated with power lines that come in contact with dry surfaces, flammable plants, and bushes, which cannot be detected that easily. These surfaces offer very high resistance to the flow of current and are hence termed high impedance faults. These high impedance faults have the potential to spark and cause a fire, which can snowball into a wildfire depending on the geography and climatic conditions of the area. For years, this has been a major problem in places like Australia and California leading to loss of lives, power, and money, but the optimal solution is evasive. While several techniques to combat this problem exist, the focus of this thesis is essentially what is known as the Open Circuit Fault. The technique revolves around the detection of the fault while the falling conductor is midair. Given the short time frame, high-speed detection is of the essence. This thesis will focus on achieving open circuit detection without the need for any communication support and is a novel contribution to this field.