Relevant bibliographies by topics / Faults (geology)

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Faults (geology)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Faults (geology)"

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Tsutsumi, Hiroyuki, and Robert S. Yeats. "Tectonic setting of the 1971 Sylmar and 1994 Northridge earthquakes in the San Fernando Valley, California." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 89, no. 5 (October 1, 1999): 1232–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0890051232.

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Abstract The San Fernando Valley lies above the north-dipping 1971 Sylmar and south-dipping 1994 Northridge earthquake faults. To understand the tectonic setting of these two earthquakes, we mapped subsurface geology of the San Fernando Valley down to a depth of ∼3 km, using industry oil-well and seismic data. The 1994 Northridge earthquake did not rupture the surface, and the south-dipping aftershock zone terminated against the north-dipping 1971 aftershock zone at a depth of 5-8 km. However, the blind Northridge fault has a near surface geologic expression; fault-propagation folding related to the Northridge fault has preserved a thick forelimb sequence of Plio-Pleistocene Saugus Formation in the Sylmar basin and Merrick syncline, which are located on the hanging wall side of north-dipping reverse faults. The north-dipping Mission Hills, Verdugo, and Northridge Hills reverse faults are interpreted to be potential seismic sources because fault-propagation folds above these faults have tectonic geomorphic expression. These north-dipping reverse faults were initiated during the deposition of the Saugus Formation between 2.3 and 0.5 Ma. and have minimum dip-slip rates of 0.35 to 1.1 mm/yr based on the oldest possible age of the initiation of faulting. The Northridge Hills and Mission Hills faults are interpreted to merge at depth and are located at the updip extension of the 1971 aftershock zone, even though these faults did not rupture during the 1971 earthquake. Surface breaks appeared north of these faults mostly along north-dipping bedding planes and are interpreted as secondary features related to flexural-slip folding rather than a direct extension of the 1971 seismogenic fault. Surface and subsurface geology, together with seismological data of the 1971 and 1994 earthquakes, suggests that the north- and south-dipping deformation zones in the San Fernando Valley are divided into multiple segments separated by northeast-trending structural discontinuities.
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Smith, Stewart, Olesya Zimina, Surender Manral, and Michael Nickel. "Machine-learning assisted interpretation: Integrated fault prediction and extraction case study from the Groningen gas field, Netherlands." Interpretation 10, no. 2 (February 22, 2022): SC17—SC30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2021-0137.1.

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Seismic fault detection using machine-learning techniques, in particular the convolution neural network (CNN), is becoming a widely accepted practice in the field of seismic interpretation. Machine-learning algorithms are trained to mimic the capabilities of an experienced interpreter by recognizing patterns within seismic data and classifying them. Regardless of the method of seismic fault detection, interpretation or extraction of 3D fault representations from edge evidence or fault probability volumes is routine. Extracted fault representations are important to the understanding of the subsurface geology and are a critical input to upstream workflows including structural framework definition, static reservoir and petroleum system modeling, and well planning and derisking activities. Efforts to automate the detection and extraction of geologic features from seismic data have evolved in line with advances in computer algorithms, hardware, and machine-learning techniques. We have developed an assisted fault interpretation workflow for seismic fault detection and extraction, demonstrated through a case study from the Groningen gas field of the Upper Permian, Dutch Rotliegend; a heavily faulted, subsalt gas field located onshore, northeast Netherlands. Supervised using interpreter-led labeling, we apply a 2D multi-CNN to detect faults within a 3D prestack depth migrated seismic data set. After prediction, we apply a geometric evaluation of predicted faults, using a principal component analysis to produce geometric attribute representations (strike azimuth and planarity) of the fault prediction. Strike azimuth and planarity attributes are used to validate and automatically extract consistent 3D fault geometries, providing geologic context to the interpreter and input to dependent workflows more efficiently.
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Milsom, J., and P. F. Rawson. "The Peak Trough – a major control on the geology of the North Yorkshire coast." Geological Magazine 126, no. 6 (November 1989): 699–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800007007.

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AbstractAlthough the Mesozoic sediments of the Cleveland Basin (North Yorkshire) have generally not been strongly faulted, several approximately N–S trending faults have been identified along the coast. New seismic data from adjacent coastal waters has allowed the offshore extension to the fault system to be examined for the first time. The coastal faults from Peak (Ravenscar) to Red Cliff (Cayton Bay) are shown to form part of a linked system defining a narrow graben only some 5 km wide, the Peak Trough. Faulting has been complex, with decollement levels apparently developed in weak layers at various horizons in the Triassic and Permian strata: fault geometries and regional considerations suggest that extension has been dominant. Movement occurred intermittently from Triassic to latest Cretaceous or early Tertiary times.
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Reitherman, Robert. "The Effectiveness of Fault Zone Regulations in California." Earthquake Spectra 8, no. 1 (February 1992): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585670.

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In 1990 a study was completed for the California Division of Mines and Geology on the effectiveness of California's fault zone regulations (the Alquist-Priolo Special Studies Zones Act and associated policies and activities). The Act, passed in 1972, instituted the following elements of a statewide mandatory approach to dealing with the hazard of surface fault rupture: state mapping of fault zones (Special Study Zones) where active faults are suspected; local government imposition of the requirement of a geologic study on new building projects within these Zones (with some single family dwellings and low-occupancy structures exempt); review procedures for the studies submitted by an applicant's geologist; prohibition of the siting of projects on active faults; notification of real estate purchasers that a property is located within a Zone. This paper presents the results of that evaluation and comments more broadly on applying the Alquist-Priolo model to other regions and to other geologic hazards.
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Ren, Huan Song, Shuang Fang Lu, and Dian Shi Xiao. "Interpretation Methods and Application of Small Faults." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.132.

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It is difficult to distinguish off from <5m fault in sections, because lateral variation of the amplitude and changes arising from differential compaction sand. Seismic coherence cube is to highlight those irrelevant seismic data. Draw three-dimensional seismic coherence with Partial wave analysis in the longitudinal and transverse. Ant agents: the ant, which found in the seismic data volume to meet the pre-fracture conditions, will release of a “signal”. It can call other regions ant for focusing on the breaks in its tracks, until the completion of the fault tracking and identification. Structural heterogeneity imaging can generate several geological attribute bodies, when compound with different geological attribute volume to different geology research target. It can extrude geologic feature we needed. Identifying a series of small faults which development between the main faults using a variety of small faults interpretation. Discovering and implementation of a number of block trap.
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Le, Anh Ngoc. "Characterization and Distribution of Cenozoic Polygonal Fault: Case Studies in West Africa and Vietnam Continental Margins." Iraqi Geological Journal 54, no. 1E (May 31, 2021): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.54.1e.2ms-2021-05-23.

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The Cenozoic sequence of offshore Cameroon and Vietnam has been analysed based on newly 1500 km2 3D seismic data (Kribi-Campo basin) and 75 km 2D seismic data (Hoang Sa basin). Polygonal faults are widely developed in both passive margins and have relatively similar characteristics. These highly faulted intervals are up to c. 1000 m, characterized by normal faults with a throw of 10-20 ms TWT and 100 m - 1000 m spacing, displaying a polygonal pattern in the map view. Polygonal faults in the Kribi-Campo basin developed almost in the entire Cenozoic sequence mainly in two sets, one in deep section and one in shallow section whereas the Hoang Sa basin developed the polygonal fault only in the shallow section up to the seafloor corresponding to the Pliocene- Pleistocene sequence. In the Kribi-Campo basin, polygonal faults are developed extensively in the high gradient slope (3.4o) which is relatively rare in the low gradient slope (0.7o). Hoang Sa basin shows the widespread polygonal fault except for the area of canyon occurrence. The occurrence of thick and widespread polygonal fault formations associated with the low amplitude reflections suggests the interpretation of fine-grained sediments, thus possibly great seal potential for the study areas.
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Atallah, Mohammad, Raw’a Harahsheh, and Masdouq Al-Taj. "Tectonic Analysis of the Tall Al Qarn Pressure Ridge, Dead Sea Transform Fault, Jordan." Iraqi Geological Journal 56, no. 2D (October 31, 2023): 346–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.2d.25ms-2023-10-31.

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Jordan's Dead Sea Transform is made up of three morphotectonic elements: Wadi Araba, Dead Sea Basin, and Jordan Valley. A few pressure ridges and depressions exist in the Jordan Valley Fault. Among these, the Tall Al Qarn pressure ridge is one of the active Dead Sea Transform's morphotectonic features. Stratigraphically, the Waqqas (Miocene), Ghor Al Katar (Early Pleistocene), and Lisan (Late Pleistocene) Formations constitute the rock outcrops in the study area. The ridge was created when the sinistral strike-slip fault of the Jordan Valley bent rightward. The major structures include the Waqqas and Ghor Al Katar inclined beds, the NW-SE oriented normal and NE-SW reverse faults and the ESE-WNW oriented dextral strike-slip faults. Faults and folds indicate a local NW-SE compressional stress caused by the sinistral Jordan Valley Fault's right bending. The steeply dipping Ghor Al Katar strata, which are overlain by the horizontal Lisan beds, display a prominent angular unconformity. Many horizontal Lisan beds exhibit abundant synsedimentary deformational features, indicating the energetic seismic activity at that time.
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Cooke, Michele L., Kevin Toeneboehn, and Jennifer L. Hatch. "Onset of slip partitioning under oblique convergence within scaled physical experiments." Geosphere 16, no. 3 (March 10, 2020): 875–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02179.1.

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Abstract Oblique convergent margins host slip-partitioned faults with simultaneously active strike-slip and reverse faults. Such systems defy energetic considerations that a single oblique-slip fault accommodates deformation more efficiently than multiple faults. To investigate the development of slip partitioning, we record deformation throughout scaled experiments of wet kaolin over a low-convergence (&lt;30°), obliquely slipping basal dislocation. The presence of a precut vertical weakness in the wet kaolin impacts the morphology of faults but is not required for slip partitioning. The experiments reveal three styles of slip partitioning development delineated by the order of faulting and the extent of slip partitioning. Low-convergence angle experiments (5°) produce strike-slip faults prior to reverse faults. In moderate-convergence experiments (10°–25°), the reverse fault forms prior to the strike-slip fault. Strike-slip faults develop either along existing weaknesses (precut or previous reverse-slip faults) or through the coalescence of new echelon cracks. The third style of local slip partitioning along two simultaneously active dipping faults is transient while global slip partitioning persists. The development of two active fault surfaces arises from changes in off-fault strain pattern after development of the first fault. With early strike-slip faults, off-fault contraction accumulates to produce a new reverse fault. Systems with early lobate reverse faults accommodate limited strike-slip and produce extension in the hanging wall, thereby promoting strike-slip faulting. The observation of persistent slip partitioning under a wide range of experimental conditions demonstrates why such systems are frequently observed in oblique convergence crustal margins around the world.
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Bader, Jeffrey. "Structural analysis of the Casper Mountain fault zone and area, Wyoming surrounding area, Wyoming: Implications for Laramide kinematics and structural inheritance across the Wyoming Province." Mountain Geologist 58, no. 4 (October 27, 2021): 433–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31582/rmag.mg.58.4.433.

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Casper Mountain is an E–W trending anticlinal structure that is bound on the north by the oblique-slip Casper Mountain fault. The fault is postulated to reflect preexisting Precambrian structure/fabrics that were reactivated and/or guided deformation during the Laramide orogeny. A structural analysis of the fault zone and surrounding area was conducted to confirm this hypothesis, and to garner insight into both Precambrian origins and Laramide kinematics. Surface and subsurface data for structural analysis was collected and synthesized from numerous published sources along the proposed deformation corridor that roughly coincides with the Oregon Trail structural belt of central Wyoming. The Casper Mountain fault zone is characterized by an E–W rectilinear zone of en échelon, steeply inclined faults. The Casper Mountain fault strikes E–W with smaller faults in the zone striking N65°E. Folds trend to the WNW and are left-stepping. Foliations in Precambrian rocks of Casper Mountain are oriented subparallel to the Casper Mountain fault. The North Granite Mountains fault zone is located due west of Casper Mountain and is similarly oriented E–W with associated faults striking NE, NW/SE, and ENE/WSW, off the dominant master fault. Curvilinear, left-stepping, en échelon folds trend to the northwest and are truncated on the south by the North Granite Mountains fault. Faults in basement rocks of the Popo Agie Primitive Area of the central Wind River Mountains are characterized by moderate to high-angle faults striking E–W, NNW, and NE that coincide with mapped surface lineaments and fabric data. Fabric data suggest that Laramide deformation along the Casper Mountain fault was guided by Precambrian anisotropies. Surface and subsurface mapping of the fault zone and the deformation corridor to the west indicate that the Casper Mountain and North Granite Mountains faults are part of a basement-rooted system (wrench fault) that likely extends westward into the Popo Agie Primitive Area. Here, the steeply inclined (75–90°) proposed master fault is exposed within a WNW-striking corridor of faults that sinistrally offset steeply dipping, NE-striking Proterozoic diabase dikes. The dikes likely intruded older faults that are antithetic to the WNW-striking faults. Other faults strike to the NNW and have shallower dips of 45–65°. These three directions of anisotropy (WNW, NE, and NNW) are proposed to have formed from SW–NE-directed subduction along a long-lived, Neoarchean, active continental margin.
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Bellot, Jean-Philippe, Jean-Yves Roig, and Antonin Genna. "The Hospital coal basin (Massif Central, France): relay on the left-lateral strike-slip Argentat fault in relation to the Variscan postorogenic extension." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 176, no. 2 (March 1, 2005): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/176.2.151.

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Abstract Structural and microstructural analyses of the Argentat fault, combined with sedimentological and structural analyses of the associated Hospital basin allow us to discuss the tectonic control of coal basins by crustal-scale faults during the late Palaeozoic evolution of the Variscan lithosphere in the French Massif Central. The brittle Argentat fault zone consists of first- and second-order strike-slip faults, with dominant NNW-sinistral faults, NNE-dextral or sinistral faults and secondary ENE-dextral faults. Several experimental and theoretical models explain the observed fault patterns, like en echelon faults, A-type secondary faults, conjugate faults and Riedel shears. Strike-slip faulting is responsible for folding of the metamorphic formations characterized by N-S to NE-SW-trending axis. The regional-scale geometry of brittle faults and associated folds corresponds to a positive flower structure centered on the brittle Argentat fault, combined to a negative flower structure centered on the coal basin. Using tectonic inversion software, we show that these structures result from a left-lateral movement of the brittle Argentat fault in relation to a tectonic regime intermediate between extension and strike-slip, with a horizontal NE-SW to NNE-SSW-trending maximum stretching axis. Detailed map and cross-sections, and sedimentological interpretations of the late Stephanian Hospital basin show the occurrence of intra-basin syn-sedimentary strike-slip faults and progressive overlaying, indicating that sedimentation occurs during left-lateral strike-slip faulting and folding of basement along the Argentat fault. These data are consistent with a model of N-S to NE-SW-trending postorogenic extension proposed to account for the late Carboniferous evolution of the Variscan lithosphere. They also point out the complexity and the variety of structures developed along a regional brittle strike-slip fault zone and the necessity to take into account all the structures and the resulting geometry of the basement in order to better constrain the tectonic setting of intra-continental deposits.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Faults (geology)"

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Soden, Aisling Mary. "The initiation and evolution of ignimbrite faults, Gran Canaria, Spain." Connect to e-thesis, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/191/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2008.
Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Geographical and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Kim, Young-Seog. "Damage structures and fault evolution around strike-slip faults." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340659.

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Hoeft, Jeffrey Simon. "Temporal variations in slip-rate along the Lone Mountain fault, Western Nevada." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33862.

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Late Pleistocene displacement along the Lone Mountain fault suggests the Silver Peak-Lone Mountain (SPLM) extensional complex is an important structure in accommodating and transferring strain within the eastern California shear zone (ECSZ) and Walker Lane. Using geologic and geomorphic mapping, differential global positioning system surveys, and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) geochronology, we determined rates of extension across the Lone Mountain fault in western Nevada. The Lone Mountain fault is the northeastern component of the SPLM extensional complex, and is characterized by a series of down-to-the-northwest normal faults that offset the northwestern Lone Mountain and Weepah Hills piedmonts. We mapped eight distinct alluvial fan deposits and dated three of the surfaces using ¹⁰BE TCN geochronology, yielding ages of 16.5 +/- 1.2 ka, 92.3 +/- 8.6 ka, and 142.2 +/- 19.5 ka for the Q3b, Q2c, and Q2b deposits, respectively. The ages were combined with scarp profile measurements across the displaced fans to obtain minimum rates of extension; the Q2b and Q2c surfaces yield an extension rate between 0.1 +/- 0.1 and 0.2 +/- 01 mm/yr and the Q3b surface yields a rate of 0.2 +/-.1 to 0.4 +/- 0.1 mm/yr, depending on the dip of the fault. Active extension on the Lone Mountain fault suggests that it helps partition strain off of the major strike-slip faults in the northern ECSZ and transfers deformation around the Mina Deflection northward into the Walker Lane. Combining our results with estimates from other faults accommodating dextral shear in the northern ECSZ reveals an apparent discrepancy between short- and long-term rates of strain accumulation and release. If strain rates have remained constant since the late Pleistocene, this could reflect transient strain accumulation, similar to the Mojave segment of the ECSZ. However, our data also suggest an increase in strain rates between ~92 ka and ~17 ka, and possibly to present day, which may also help explain the mismatch between long- and short-term rates of deformation in the region.
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Sturms, Jason M. "Surficial mapping and kinematic modeling of the St. Clair thrust fault, Monroe County, West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5597.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 84 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-78).
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McClay, K. R. "Structural geology and tectonics /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SD/09sdm126.pdf.

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Zhang, Hongwei Niemi Tina M. "Paleoseismic studies of the northern San Andreas Fault at Vedanta marsh site, Olema, California." Diss., UMK access, 2005.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Geosciences and School of Computing and Engineering. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2005.
"A dissertation in geosciences and computer networking." Advisor: Tina M. Niemi. Typescript. Vita. Description based on contents viewed Mar. 12, 2007; title from "catalog record" of the print edition. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 331-341). Online version of the print edition.
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Guiltinan, Tiffany. "Potentially active faults in central Mongolia." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1584413.

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The activity of the Ereen Uul fault and the Sanglin Dalai Nurr fault in central Mongolia has not been studied in detail. The Erren Uul fault is a normal fault located 45 km southeast from Harhorin and the Sanglin Dalai Nurr fault is a right-lateral strike-slip fault located 30 km south of Harhorin next to the Hangay Mountains. Remote sensing and field observations were used to refine a map by the Mongolian Geologic Survey at a scale of 1:1,000,000 to a scale of 1:100,000. This new map covers an area of 8,072 km2 . The basin asymmetry factor, stream length-gradient index, and hypsometric curves were developed for basins adjacent to these faults. These geomorphic indices along with the refined map were used to conclude that the Ereen Uul and Sanglin Dalai Nurr faults are active.

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Chanpura, Rajesh. "Fault reactivation as a result of reservoir depletion." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21714.

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Williams, Charles Addison Jr. "Numerical modeling of fault formation and the dynamics of existing faults." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185125.

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This research is an investigation into two different aspects of the faulting process. The first part of the study focuses on the initial stages of fault formation, while the second analyzes the deformation produced by an existing fault. The section on fault formation is an attempt to determine whether slip on an existing fault has a significant effect on the formation of subsequent faults. A two-dimensional elastic finite element technique is used to examine the system of stresses produced by slip on an initial fault, assuming that deformation occurs either elastically or by brittle failure. A Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion is used to determine the most likely region of secondary fault initiation. A strain energy criterion is then used to find the preferred direction of fault propagation. The study on fault formation is subdivided into two sections representing two idealized tectonic environments: purely extensional and purely compressional. The section on extensional fault formation explains the prevalence of grabens in extensional tectonic regimes as a consequence of the stress perturbations due to slip on an initial normal fault. Slip on the initial fault produces a region of high proximity to failure at the surface of the downthrown block. A secondary fault would be expected to initiate in this region. The direction of propagation of this fault that most effectively relieves the shear stress (and therefore minimizes the total strain energy) is toward the initial fault, resulting in an antithetic orientation, or graben. The width of the graben is found to be controlled by the depth of the initial normal fault, rather than the depth to a change in material properties. The study of compressional fault formation indicates that, except for steeply-dipping faults, the presence of an initial thrust fault tends to suppress the formation of other faults in its vicinity. However, if a secondary fault initiates near an initial thrust fault, the direction in which it propagates will be influenced by the presence of the initial fault. The way in which it is influenced is dependent on the fault dip. The final part of this study examines the deformation produced by repeated earthquake cycles on the San Andreas fault in southern California. A three-dimensional, time-dependent kinematic finite element model is used to investigate the influence of slip distribution and rheological parameters on the predicted horizontal and vertical deformation. The models include depth-varying rheological properties and power-law viscoelastic behavior. The predicted deformation patterns are fairly sensitive to the parameters used in this study. Of particular importance is the calculation of vertical uplift rate since, in many cases, models that cannot be distinguished from each other on the basis of horizontal deformation may produce distinctive vertical uplift patterns.
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Skamvetsaki, Angela. "Deformation band development near meso-scale faults in porous sandstones : implications for fault seal prediction." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289595.

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Seismic-scale faults are generally associated with clusters of subresolution faults, and the issue of how to predict the latter's numbers and distribution has been the subject of much recent debate due to its bearing on accurate fault seal evalution. One important class of subseismic-scale faults are deformation bands, which are tabular shear zones commonly formed in reservoir-quality aeolian and fluvial sandstone successions. Relevant outcrop and oil field case studies suggest such structures can reduce host rock permeability by up to four orders of magnitude, yet there is little published infonnation on the controls on their localisation and their relationship to larger-scale fault growth processes. This study addresses this knowledge gap and reports results of integrated structural, statistical, probe permeability and hydromechanical test investigations on fault-controlled deformation band arrays from two areas, Cullercoats Bay in NE England and the Clair Field, offshore NW UK continental shelf. Key aims are to examine the mesoand microscopic architecture of these band networks, establish their general evolution and elucidate their relationship to large fault development. Ancillary concerns include the expansion of the still limited database of deformation band spatial attributes, and assessment of the main areas of sensitivity in the analytical and statistical techniques used to describe these and other similar fault systems. Deformation bands at Cullercoats occur within the aeolian Yellow Sands of Permian age in the hanging wall of the Ninety Fathom fault, a major normal fault episodically active from the Carboniferous until at least Permian times. Structural analysis suggests that this band population was initiated as a result of dextral or oblique-dextral slip on the underlying Carboniferous Ninety Fathom fault, and was then progressively modified during the propagation of this fault into the overlying sediment cover and attendant development of fault-related folding and second-order faulting. In Clair, deformation bands are associated with arrays of calcite-filled veins and are inferred to have formed in response to fault-triggered fluid redistribution processes within the variably lithified aeolian-fluvial sandstones of the Clair Group. Statistical and mechanical evidence from both areas indicates that deformation band growth preceded major fault formation there, a finding that is consistent with the predictions of post-yield fracture mechanics models for process zone development at fault tips. A further common result from the two localities is that deformation band development and permeability character appears to be primarily controlled by the porosity and loading history of the faulted sandstones; therefore, assessment of the time of faulting should be a first step for determining whether a given subsurface fault is likely to be associated with deformation bands. Specific conclusions are: (1) The damage zones of band-related faults in porous sandstones scale linearly with fault displacement. (2) Deformation band densities decay quasi-exponentially with increasing distance from the faults within whose damage zones they occur. (3) Deformation band spacing distributions depart from strict self-similarity owing to the confinement of the bands within discrete mechanical horizons, yet their overall statistical character attests to multifractal scaling and Levytype stable behaviour. (4) Because of the observed deviations of deformation band statistics from simple power-law scaling laws, extrapolation of seismic-scale fault populations down to the deformation band level may give incorrect estimates of band numbers and/or size attributes. (5) Deformation bands display a broad range of microstructures and permeability signatures depending on host rock lithology, degree of compaction, previous stress history and local deformation details. (6) Despite their low-very low static permeabilities, deformation bands may act as fluid pathways during their development or reactivation in a subsequent tectonic event. (7) Application of standard statistical and probe permeability approaches to deformation band characterisation should be approached with caution due to problems inherent in the nature of deformation band systems itself. (8) Based on microstructural evidence and diagenetic and mechanical considerations deformation in the two study areas may have taken place at - 1.5-2 km, under maximum effective confining pressures of around 30 MPa.
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Books on the topic "Faults (geology)"

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S, Oksman V., and Parfenov L. M, eds. Glubokoėrodirovannye zony razlomov Anabarskogo shchita. Moskva: "Nauka", 1990.

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Kouda, Ryōichi, Kiyoyuki Kishimoto, and Kinʼichirō Kusunose. Enganʼiki dansō hyōka shuhō no kaihatsu ni kansuru kenkyū chōsa: Heisei 16-nendo hōkokusho. Ibaraki-ken Tsukuba-shi: Sangyō Gijutsu Sōgō Kenkyūjo, 2005.

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Jiawei, Xu, ed. The Tancheng-Lujiang wrench fault system. Chichester: Wiley, 1993.

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4

1959-, Roberts A. M., Yielding G. 1957-, and Freeman B. 1958-, eds. The Geometry of normal faults. London: Geological Society, 1991.

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Klint, Knud Erik S. The Hanklit glaciotectonic thrust fault complex, Mors, Denmark. Copenhagen: Geological Survey of Denmark, 1995.

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R, Summers, Byerlee J. D, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Strength measurements of heated illite gouge at low and high pore pressures. [Denver, Colo.?]: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1986.

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S, Stewart Iain, Vita-Finzi Claudio, Owen Lewis A. 1964-, International Association for Quaternary Research. Neotectonics Commission., Quaternary Research Association (Great Britain), and Geological Society of London. Tectonics Studies Group., eds. Neotectonics and active faulting: Papers presented at the International Conference on Neotectonics - Recent Advances, London, June 1992. Berlin: G. Borntraeger, 1993.

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Mandl, G. Faulting in brittle rocks: An introduction to the mechanics of tectonic faults. New York: Springer, 1999.

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Lin, Aiming. Fossil earthquakes: The formation and preservation of Pseudotachylytes. Berlin: Springer, 2007.

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VanArsdale, R. B. Post-Pliocene displacement on faults within the Kentucky River fault system of east-central Kentucky. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering Safety, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Faults (geology)"

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Hills, E. Sherbon. "Faults." In Elements of Structural Geology, 164–215. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003465362-7.

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Bhattacharya, A. R. "Strike-Slip Faults." In Structural Geology, 231–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80795-5_12.

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Groshong, Richard H. "Mapping Faults and Faulted Surfaces." In 3-D Structural Geology, 197–244. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03912-0_6.

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Bhattacharya, A. R. "Contractional Regime and Thrust Faults." In Structural Geology, 205–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80795-5_11.

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Bhattacharya, A. R. "Extensional Regime and Normal Faults." In Structural Geology, 193–203. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80795-5_10.

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Groshong, Richard H. "Faults and Unconformities." In 3-D Structural Geology, 155–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03912-0_5.

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Groshong, Richard H. "Properties of Faults." In 3-D Structural Geology, 181–217. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-31055-6_7.

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Park, R. G. "Faults and fractures." In Foundations of Structural Geology, 1–7. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6576-1_1.

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Sanz de Galdeano, Carlos, José Miguel Azañón, João Cabral, Patricia Ruano, Pedro Alfaro, Carolina Canora, Marta Ferrater, et al. "Active Faults in Iberia." In The Geology of Iberia: A Geodynamic Approach, 33–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10931-8_4.

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Abd el-aal, Abd el-aziz Khairy, Farah Al-Jeri, and Abdullah Al-Enezi. "Seismicity of Kuwait." In The Geology of Kuwait, 145–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16727-0_7.

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AbstractThis chapter deals with all the precious documented recently published and unpublished studies that address the seismic situation and earthquakes in the State of Kuwait. Kuwait is geographically and geologically situated in the northeastern part of the Arabian Peninsula. In addition to being close to the famous Zagros belt of earthquakes, the local seismic sources inside Kuwait make it always vulnerable to earthquakes. We will review the instrumental and historical seismic records and the Kuwait National Seismic Network, including Data acquisition, data analysis, and data analysis. This chapter will also highlight all the recent seismic studies conducted in the Kuwait region. The induced seismicity, the seismic sources affecting Kuwait, as well as determining the types of faults using focal mechanism technique, specifying the seismic crustal models and ground motion attenuation inside Kuwait are being reviewed.
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Conference papers on the topic "Faults (geology)"

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Moustafa, A. "Faults and Fractures in Carbonate Reservoirs: Khuff Formation of Arabian Peninsula." In Third Arabian Plate Geology Workshop. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20145640.

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Chinellato, F., D. Parlov, Z. Marić-Đureković, M. Mele, M. Borghi, and P. Balossino. "Looking Deeper for Fractures and Faults Extension: a Case Study from Croatia." In Second EAGE Borehole Geology Workshop. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201702390.

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Brunstad, H., T. Thorsnes, S. Chand, A. Lepland, and P. Lågstad. "Shallow Geology, Shallow Faults and Fluid Flow in Western Barents Sea." In EAGE Shallow Anomalies Workshop. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20147420.

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Glushkova, Yelena. "ORE-BEARING METASOMATIC FORMATIONS IN AREAS OF DEEP-SEATED FAULTS." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES IN GEOLOGY, EXPLORATION AND MINING. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b11/s1.037.

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Ding, Weicui, Lele Han, Shenglin Xu, Xuanhua Chen, Zengzhen Wang, and Ye Wang. "Faults System Analysis of the West Junggar Region Based on Remote Sensing." In 2022 3rd International Conference on Geology, Mapping and Remote Sensing (ICGMRS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icgmrs55602.2022.9849360.

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Nash, Susan Smith. "The Importance of Geology in Geothermal Development and Critical Minerals Development." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/35376-ms.

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Abstract This paper provides a summary and overview of the geological features and processes vital in the identification and development of geothermal reservoirs, with special consideration to different categories of geothermal systems, and the relationships to critical mineral-rich brines. The methods used in this investigation included the review and evaluation of geological aspects of known reservoirs that have data consisting of well logs, cores, microseismic, and geochemical analysis of fluids. Specifically, faults and fracture networks, primary and secondary porosity, and diagenetic alteration (dissolution, precipitation, cementation, and more) were evaluated, including work with scanning electron microscopy to evaluate the timing, sequence, and processes in the diagenetic alteration.
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Goraya, Yassar, Ali Saeed Alfelasi, Hiroyuki Inoue, Amna Rashid Al Hmoudi, Chen Yingpeng, Lyu Xiaolin, and Manal I. Albeshr. "Delineating Karst, Fault and Fractures Interpretation Through Integration of Seismic Attributes and Diffraction Imaging in Giant Offshore Field Abu Dhabi." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211636-ms.

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Abstract Today, in a matured developed field, reservoir management is challenging due to poor seismic resolution at reservoir level. Whereas overburden geology further deteriorate seismic quality due to foot prints, observed at reservoir level. Overburden geology is a key challenge for reservoir characterization and may mislead faults and fractures interpretation, identification of rock properties and distribution of fluids. In this paper we tried to integrate both diffraction and reflection data to improve seismic resolution to delineate reservoirs and non-reservoirs zone with drilling and well data. Seismic data Seismic data was acquired using OBC technique. PreStack Time Migration processing was performed in 2002, 2016 and psdm migration was performed in 2018 for structural interpretation. However data quality for reservoir characterization was affected by the hardness of the seafloor and anomalies in the overburden. These challenges are currently being addressed through diffraction imaging. In 2022, Diffraction imaging is performed for 10×10 KM2 pilot area, due to which we were able to delineate karstic feature in detail and faults at reservoir.
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Santos, L. F., R. Quevedo, B. R. B. M. Carvalho, and D. M. Roehl. "Prediction of Fault Damage Zones Using Artificial Neural Networks." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0473.

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ABSTRACT Fault damage zones can affect the flow pattern in reservoirs owing to the presence of geological structures such as fractures and deformation bands. Therefore, preliminar and fast characterization of damage zones is vital for developing exploration and production strategies. This study proposes a methodology for assessing the damage zones widths using artificial neural networks (ANNs). The database used to train the ANNs was built considering several numerical models which adopt geomechanical parameters, fault length, and maximum displacements as input variables to determine the damage zone along a single fault. Such numerical models are based on elastoplastic constitutive relationships and the finite element method (FEM). The best set of hyperparameters for the neural network model is defined through a Bayesian optimization strategy, which found a simple neural network with one hidden layer, 76 neurons, and a learning rate of 0.024. The rectified linear unit (ReLU) and the adaptative stochastic gradient descent method (ADAM) are adopted as activation function and optimizer algorithm, respectively. The damage zone width along the fault was predicted and compared with the expected responses of the numerical FEM models, reaching a coefficient of correlation of R2 = 0.989, a mean absolute error equal to 2,428 meters, and a mean absolute percentual error of 4,2%. INTRODUCTION The study of geological faults present in reservoirs is essential in the petroleum engineering and geology field. In general, these faults can directly affect the exploration and production of oil and gas reservoirs, acting as pathways for fluid migration or barriers (Holder, 1993; Davies & Swarbrick, 1997). Faults can promote zones of high permeability due to fractures allowing preferential flow paths in some regions of the reservoir. On the other hand, faults can also act as barriers owing to decreases in porosity and permeability provoked by crushing and compaction of the host rock (Caine et al., 1996; Paul et al., 2007; Hennings et al., 2012; Zhao & Zhang, 2020; Qiao et al., 2019; Hu et al., 2019; Meng et al., 2019; Sun & Wu, 2019).
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Hui, Gang, Shengnan Chen, and Fei Gu. "Coupled Poroelastic Modeling to Characterize the 4.18-Magnitude Earthquake Due to Hydraulic Fracturing in the East Shale Basin of Western Canada." In SPE Reservoir Simulation Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/203921-ms.

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Abstract Recently, the elevated levels of seismicity activities in Western Canada have been demonstrated to be linked to hydraulic fracturing operations that developed unconventional resources. The underlying triggering mechanisms of hydraulic fracturing-induced seismicity are still uncertain. The interactions of well stimulation and geology-geomechanical-hydrological features need to be investigated comprehensively. The linear poroelasticity theory was utilized to guide coupled poroelastic modeling and to quantify the physical process during hydraulic fracturing. The integrated analysis is first conducted to characterize the mechanical features and fluid flow behavior. The finite-element simulation is then conducted by coupling Darcy's law and solid mechanics to quantify the perturbation of pore pressure and poroelastic stress in the seismogenic fault zone. Finally, the Mohr-coulomb failure criterion is utilized to determine the spatial-temporal faults activation and reveal the trigger mechanisms of induced earthquakes. The mitigation strategy was proposed accordingly to reduce the potential seismic hazards near this region. A case study of ML 4.18 earthquake in the East Shale Basin was utilized to demonstrate the applicability of the coupled modeling and numerical simulation. Results showed that one inferred fault cut through the Duvernay formation with the strike of NE20°. The fracture half-length of two wells owns an average value of 124 m. The brittleness index deriving from the velocity logging data was estimated to be a relatively higher value in the Duvernay formation, indicating a geomechanical bias of stimulated formation for the fault activation. The coupled poroelastic simulation was conducted, showing that the hydrologic connection between seismogenic faults and stimulated well was established by the end of the 38th stage completion for the east horizontal well. The simulated coulomb failure stress surrounding the fault reached a maximum of 4.15 MPa, exceeding the critical value to cause the fault slip. Hence the poroelastic effects on the inferred fault were responsible for the fault activation and triggered the subsequent ML 4.18 earthquake. It is essential to optimize the stimulation site selection near the existing faults to reduce risks of future seismic hazards near the East Shale Basin.
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Zheng, Can-zheng, Jian-min Guo, Zhi-qiang Zhang, Tong Shen, Qingsheng Meng, Tao Liu, and Bin Liu. "Analysis of slip distribution and stress variation of subduction faults based on InSAR monitoring." In 2023 4th International Conference on Geology, Mapping and Remote Sensing (ICGMRS 2023), edited by Yi Wang and Tao Chen. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3020801.

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Reports on the topic "Faults (geology)"

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Lane, L. S. Bedrock geology, Mount Raymond, Yukon, NTS 116-I/8. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329963.

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The Mount Raymond map area incorporates the western limb of the Richardson anticlinorium, southern Richardson Mountains, northern Yukon. It is underlain by four Paleozoic sedimentary successions: middle Cambrian Slats Creek Formation, Cambrian to Early Devonian Road River Group, Devonian Canol Formation, and Late Devonian to Carboniferous Imperial and Tuttle formations. The Richardson trough depositional setting of the first three successions is succeeded by a deep-marine, turbiditic, Ellesmerian, orogenic foredeep setting for the Imperial-Tuttle succession. Several major thrust faults and related folds transect the map area from north to south. The carbonate-dominated Road River Group defines a west-dipping homocline, modified by the Mount Raymond thrust fault together with minor folds in its footwall. In the overlying Imperial-Tuttle succession, map-scale folds are defined where shales are interbedded with persistent sandstones. Steep reverse faults in the east may have reactivated Cambrian rift faults. The structural geometry reflects Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic regional Cordilleran tectonism.
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Fallas, K. M., and R. B. MacNaughton. Bedrock geology, Ramparts River southeast, Northwest Territories, NTS 106-G southeast. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329408.

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The southeast Ramparts River map area (NTS 106-G/SE) covers part of the northern Mackenzie Mountains and Peel Plateau, Northwest Territories. Bedrock exposures in the area include carbonate and siliciclastic strata ranging from Neoproterozoic (Tonian) to Cretaceous age. These strata were deformed in Cretaceous to Eocene time by folding and contractional faulting associated with Cordilleran deformation. Major structures include the Deadend fault, Tawu anticline, Stony anticline, and Shattered Range anticline. A set of minor pre-Cordilleran extensional faults is preserved within Neoproterozoic strata of the Mackenzie Mountains Supergroup, and are locally associated with diabase or gabbro dykes assigned to the Gunbarrel magmatic event (~780 Ma). Truncation of Neoproterozoic units beneath the sub-Cambrian unconformity indicates tilting or folding of strata before Cambrian time. A second major unconformity between Devonian and Cretaceous strata is marked by low-angle truncation of Paleozoic strata beneath Cretaceous units.
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Durling, P. W. Seismic reflection interpretation of the Carboniferous Cumberland Basin, Northern Nova Scotia. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331223.

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An interpretation of approximately 1700 km of seismic data was completed in 1996. The seismic analysis, together with well information and geological map data, were used to map thirteen seismic horizons in the Cumberland Basin. Ten of the horizons were mapped only in limited areas, whereas three horizons could be mapped regionally. These are: BW (base of the Windsor Group), BP (base of the Boss Point Formation), and PG (base of the Pictou Group). The BW horizon is the deepest regional horizon mapped. The horizon generally dips southerly toward the Cobequid Highlands. It is affected by faults adjacent to the Scotsburn Anticline and the Hastings Uplift; the horizon was not recognized over part of the uplift. On the seismic reflection data, the horizon varies between 500 ms and 3200 ms two-way travel time (approximately 800-7600 metres) and rocks corresponding to this horizon do not outcrop in the basin. The BP and PG horizons can be traced to outcrop on the flanks of the major anticlines. Time structure maps of these horizons mimic the distribution of synclines mapped from outcrop geology. The BP horizon is affected by more faults and is more tightly folded than the PG horizon south of a major fault (Beckwith Fault). North of the Beckwith Fault, both horizons are essentially flat and not deformed. Several geological relationships were documented during this study. A thick (up to 1600 m) clastic unit was recognized in the central portion of the southern margin of the Cumberland Basin. It is interpreted as Windsor Group equivalent. Seismic reflections from within the Falls and Millsville conglomerates were recognized and suggest that these rocks correlate with the Windsor Group. Seismic profiles that cross the southern margin of the Cumberland Basin image parts of the asement complex to the south of the basin (Cobequid Highlands) and show reflection patterns consistent with mountain fronts. The seismic data image the folded and faulted Cobequid Highlands basement complex, which is interpreted as a thrusted structural wedge.
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Wozniakowska, P., D. W. Eaton, C. Deblonde, A. Mort, and O. H. Ardakani. Identification of regional structural corridors in the Montney play using trend surface analysis combined with geophysical imaging, British Columbia and Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328850.

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The Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) is a mature oil and gas basin with an extraordinary endowment of publicly accessible data. It contains structural elements of varying age, expressed as folding, faulting, and fracturing, which provide a record of tectonic activity during basin evolution. Knowledge of the structural architecture of the basin is crucial to understand its tectonic evolution; it also provides essential input for a range of geoscientific studies, including hydrogeology, geomechanics, and seismic risk analysis. This study focuses on an area defined by the subsurface extent of the Triassic Montney Formation, a region of the WCSB straddling the border between Alberta and British Columbia, and covering an area of approximately 130,000 km2. In terms of regional structural elements, this area is roughly bisected by the east-west trending Dawson Creek Graben Complex (DCGC), which initially formed in the Late Carboniferous, and is bordered to the southwest by the Late Cretaceous - Paleocene Rocky Mountain thrust and fold belt (TFB). The structural geology of this region has been extensively studied, but structural elements compiled from previous studies exhibit inconsistencies arising from distinct subregions of investigation in previous studies, differences in the interpreted locations of faults, and inconsistent terminology. Moreover, in cases where faults are mapped based on unpublished proprietary data, many existing interpretations suffer from a lack of reproducibility. In this study, publicly accessible data - formation tops derived from well logs, LITHOPROBE seismic profiles and regional potential-field grids, are used to delineate regional structural elements. Where seismic profiles cross key structural features, these features are generally expressed as multi-stranded or en echelon faults and structurally-linked folds, rather than discrete faults. Furthermore, even in areas of relatively tight well control, individual fault structures cannot be discerned in a robust manner, because the spatial sampling is insufficient to resolve fault strands. We have therefore adopted a structural-corridor approach, where structural corridors are defined as laterally continuous trends, identified using geological trend surface analysis supported by geophysical data, that contain co-genetic faults and folds. Such structural trends have been documented in laboratory models of basement-involved faults and some types of structural corridors have been described as flower structures. The distinction between discrete faults and structural corridors is particularly important for induced seismicity risk analysis, as the hazard posed by a single large structure differs from the hazard presented by a corridor of smaller pre-existing faults. We have implemented a workflow that uses trend surface analysis based on formation tops, with extensive quality control, combined with validation using available geophysical data. Seven formations are considered, from the Late Cretaceous Basal Fish Scale Zone (BFSZ) to the Wabamun Group. This approach helped to resolve the problem of limited spatial extent of available seismic data and provided a broader spatial coverage, enabling the investigation of structural trends throughout the entirety of the Montney play. In total, we identified 34 major structural corridors and number of smaller-scale structures, for which a GIS shapefile is included as a digital supplement to facilitate use of these features in other studies. Our study also outlines two buried regional foreland lobes of the Rocky Mountain TFB, both north and south of the DCGC.
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Lane, L. S., and M. P. Cecile. Bedrock geology, Mount Hare, Yukon, NTS 116-I/9. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/290067.

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The Mount Hare map area extends across the western limb of the Richardson anticlinorium in the southern Richardson Mountains, northern Yukon. It is underlain by four Paleozoic sedimentary successions: middle Cambrian Slats Creek Formation, middle Cambrian to Early Devonian Road River Group, Devonian Canol Formation, and Late Devonian to Carboniferous Imperial and Tuttle formations. The Richardson trough depositional setting of the first three successions is succeeded by a deep-marine, turbiditic Ellesmerian orogenic foredeep setting for the Imperial-Tuttle succession. The carbonate-dominated Road River Group defines a west-dipping homocline which is transected by oblique transverse faults in its upper part. In the overlying Imperial-Tuttle succession, map-scale folds can be defined where shales are interbedded with thick persistent sandstone units. The structural geometry reflects Cretaceous-Cenozoic regional Cordilleran tectonism.
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Connell, Sean D. Geologic map of the Albuquerque - Rio Rancho metropolitan area and vicinity, Bernalillo and Sandoval counties, New Mexico. New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.58799/gm-78.

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This is the most comprehensive compilation of the geology of the Albuquerque Basin to be printed in 30 years. The area covered by this new compilation, though not as large as the earlier map, is presented at a scale nearly four times the detail (1:50,000 scale compared to the earlier map's 1:190,000 scale). This new geologic map is a compilation of sixteen 7.5-min USGS quadrangle maps and encompasses an area from Tijeras Arroyo on the south to Santa Ana Mesa north of Santa Ana and San Felipe Pueblos, and from the crest of the Sandia Mountains westward across the Rio Grande and onto the Llano de Albuquerque (West Mesa) west of the city limits of Albuquerque and Rio Rancho.This geologic map graphically displays information on the distribution, character, orientation, and stratigraphic relationships of rock and surficial units and structural features. The map and accompanying cross sections were compiled from geologic field mapping and additionally from available aerial photography, satellite imagery, and drill-hole data (many published and unpublished reports, examination of lithologic cuttings, and from the interpretation of borehole geophysical log data).The map and accompanying cross sections represent the most informed interpretations of the known faults in the Albuquerque-Rio Rancho area that are presently available. In addition to the positions of many faults, the cross sections show the approximate vertical extent of poorly consolidated earth materials that may pose liquefaction hazards. This map also contains derivative maps selected to portray geologically important features in the metropolitan area, such as elevations of ground water levels, and the mostly buried boundary between generally poorly consolidated and saturated aquifer materials and the more consolidated underlying materials. The gravity anomaly map is a geophysical dataset that shows major geological structures buried beneath the metropolitan area and vicinity.
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Chorlton, L. B. Generalized geology of the world: bedrock domains and major faults in GIS format: a small-scale world geology map with an extended geological attribute database. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/223767.

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Jefferson, C. W., S. Pehrsson, V. Tschirhart, T. Peterson, L. Chorlton, K. Bethune, J. C. White, et al. Geology and metallogeny of the northeast Thelon Basin region, Nunavut, and comparison with the Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332499.

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Based on extensive remapping of the northeast Thelon Basin region in Nunavut, uranium exploration criteria are adapted from those of the Athabasca Basin in Saskatchewan, as basin-specific paradigms. The Athabasca Basin straddles the Rae and Hearne cratons and the Taltson magmatic zone, whereas the Thelon Basin rests entirely within the Rae Craton. In the Athabasca Basin, four unconformity-bounded siliciclastic sequences with different paleocurrents record a complex depositional history, whereas the Thelon Formation is a single, albeit cyclic siliciclastic unit with uni-modal paleocurrents. Beneath the Athabasca Basin, amphibolite-grade, conductive graphitic-pyritic-Paleoproterozoic units localize all major deposits. Conductor analogues below the Thelon Basin are barren, impermeable, black slate of anchizone to lower-greenschist-facies grade. Instead, the Thelon uranium deposit host rocks are Neoarchean pyritic greywacke and epiclastic rocks that range in metamorphic grade from lower- to upper-amphibolite facies. Similar mineralogical sources, saline brines, alteration (fluorapatite, aluminum-phosphate-sulphate minerals, chlorite, clays, and desilicification), and reactivated intersecting faults focused unconformity-type uranium mineralization in each basin. Previously published ages for pre-ore fluorapatite cements of the Athabasca and Thelon basins (1638 versus 1688 to 1667 Ma, respectively) reaffirm their independent diagenetic-hydrothermal histories.
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Knudsen, Tyler R. Interim Geologic Map of the Parowan Quadrangle, Iron County, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-764.

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The Parowan 7.5' quadrangle is centered around the City of Parowan at the eastern margin of the Basin and Range Province in Iron County, southwestern Utah. The quadrangle covers part of the northwestern flank of the Markagunt Plateau and part of the adjacent Parowan Valley. Interstate 15 crosses the northwestern corner of the map area. Parowan Creek and its tributaries have carved deep canyons into the Markagunt Plateau, exposing a succession of sedimentary and volcanic rocks ranging in age from Late Cretaceous to Middle Pleistocene. The modern landscape is dominated by northeast-southwest-trending high-angle normal faults that form a series of horsts and grabens. The largest graben, Parowan Valley, is bounded by the Parowan fault on the southeast and is part of the transitional boundary between the Colorado Plateau to the east and the Basin and Range Province to the west. Large down-to-the-west displacements on the Parowan and the subparallel Paragonah faults have formed the precipitous Hurricane Cliffs. Along the base of the Hurricane Cliffs, Cretaceous through Eocene strata dip moderately to steeply northwest as part of the Cedar City-Parowan monocline, indicating that the eastward progression of Sevier deformation in this area extended into the Eocene. Extensive mass-wasting deposits consisting largely of Oligocene and Miocene volcanic rocks are preserved within four major northeast-trending grabens that traverse the Markagunt Plateau and are absent on upthrown blocks. Mass-wasting deposits range from Miocene regional-scale gravity-slide deposits to modern localized landsliding and slumping of weak, oversteepened units. The Parowan fault and nearby intrabasin faults in Parowan Valley have locally displaced Late Pleistocene to Holocene alluvial-fan deposits, indicating that the faults should be considered hazardous.
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Mauch, James P., and Joel L. Pederson. Geologic Map of the Southern Half of the Rill Creek and Northern Half of the Kane Springs 7.5' Quadrangles, Grand and San Juan Counties, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/mp-175dm.

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The adjoining southern half of the Rill Creek and northern half of the Kane Springs 7.5′ quadrangles are southeast of Moab, Utah. This area includes the southeastern half of the Moab-Spanish Valley salt graben and the neighboring bedrock plateaus to the southwest and northeast. Mapping of this quadrangle-sized area is part of a broader effort to understand active salt deformation and the associated landscape evolution and geologic hazards in the ancestral Paradox Basin. Strata from Late Triassic to Late Cretaceous age are exposed in the map area, and Quaternary-age units include alluvial, colluvial, eolian, mass-wasting, and fluvial terrace deposits. Graben subsidence is accommodated by systems of shallowly seated, near-vertical, gravitational faults along the margins of Spanish Valley. The two graben-margin fault zones display contrasting deformation styles and fault geometries. Ongoing Quaternary subsidence in Spanish Valley is documented in the spatial and temporal distribution of terrace deposits along Mill and Pack Creeks, which confirms previous hypotheses of active salt deformation. The hazard of active, aseismic, salt-dissolution collapse and faulting appears to be modest, with greater concern relating to attendant mass-wasting processes along the valley margins.
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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Faults (geology)' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
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