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Academic literature on the topic 'Fatty bases'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Fatty bases"

Yasugi, E., T. Kasama, M. Shibahara, and Y. Seyama. "Composition of long-chain bases in sphingomyelin of the guinea pig Harderian gland." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 68, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o90-021.

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Sphingomyelin from the guinea pig Harderian gland was isolated and characterized. The purified sphingomyelin gave a broad spot on thin-layer chromatography. The fatty acid composition of the whole sphingomyelin was 71% nonhydroxy acids and 29% 2-hydroxy acids. Methyl-branched fatty acids were only 2% of the total acids. The long-chain bases were composed of straight-chain sphingenines (50%) and sphinganines (6%). Methyl-branched long-chain bases were 44% of the bases. The sphingomyelin was further separated into four fractions (I, II, III, IV) by high-performance liquid chromatography. The ratio of fractions I, II, III, and IV was approximately 2:5:2:1, respectively. The fatty acids of fractions I and II consisted of nonhydroxy acids and those of fractions III and IV were 2-hydroxy acids. The long-chain bases of fractions I and III were sphinganines including 10-, 9-, and 8-methylsphinganines and anteiso-sphinganines. These methyl-branched bases occupied about 70% of the total sphinganines. The long-chain bases of fractions II and IV consisted of sphingenines. The methyl-branched unsaturated bases were only 30% of the total sphingenines, all in the anteiso-form. Thus, the sphingomyelin obtained from guinea pig Harderian gland had complex compositions of fatty acids and long-chain bases, and half the number of long-chain bases had methyl branches. The methyl-branched fatty acids were only a minor component. These characteristics are similar to those of cerebrosides isolated from the same source.Key words: long chain base, fatty acid, sphingomyelin, guinea pig, Harderian gland.

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Volnova, Ekaterina Romanovna, Svetlana Nikolaevna Butova, Julia Vladimirovna Nicolaeva, and Elena Alexandrovna Olshanova. "Modeling of fatty acid composition for dressing bases." Health, Food & Biotechnology 3, no. 1 (September 19, 2021): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36107/hfb.2021.i1.s74.

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Butkus, Michael A., Kelly T. Hughes, Dwight D. Bowman, Janice L. Liotta, Michael B. Jenkins, and Michael P. Labare. "Inactivation ofAscaris suumby Short-Chain Fatty Acids." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 1 (November 5, 2010): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01675-10.

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ABSTRACTAscaris suumeggs were inactivated in distilled water and digested sludge by butanoic, pentanoic, and hexanoic acids. The fatty acids (short-chain fatty acids [SCFA]) were effective only when protonated and at sufficient concentrations. The conjugate bases were not effective at the concentrations evaluated. Predictions from an inhibition model (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50]) based on quantitative structure-activity relationships were congruent with inactivation data.

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Sugito, Keiko, Hiroyasu Ogata, Masahiro Noguchi, Takashi Kogure, Masaaki Takano, Yuzo Maruyama, and Yasuhito Sasaki. "The spreading of radiolabelled fatty suppository bases in the human rectum." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 47, no. 1-3 (November 1988): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5173(88)90226-8.

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Adeleke, A. A., and F. A. Oladimeji. "Effect of Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB) of Mixed Surfactants on In-Vitro Release Profile of Ibuprofen from Semi-Synthetic Suppository Bases." Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 17, no. 1 (August 13, 2021): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpr.v17i1.12.

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Background: The emphasis on the use of surfactants in enhancing drug release from fatty suppository bases has always been on the concentration and type of surfactants. However, the Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB) of the surfactants added can be of significant effect.Objective: The study aimed at evaluating the effect of HLB of the incorporated mixed surfactants on the physical and release properties of Ibuprofen suppositories formulated with semi-synthetic fatty bases.Methodology: The preparations were carried out using 1 g mould. Ibuprofen suppositories, each containing 200 mg of Ibuprofen with semi-synthetic fatty bases (Witepsol® H15, Suppocire® CM), were prepared by fusion method. Mixed surfactants (Span® 80 and Tween® 80) were added at 4 %w/w in varied ratios to give HLB values of 4.3 to 15.0. The physical properties and release profile of the suppositories were evaluated using established procedures.Results: The physical properties of the suppositories met the standard specified in the BP. Addition of mixed surfactants greatly influenced the release of the Ibuprofen from the formulations with optimum release at lipophilic HLB (4.3) and hydrophilic HLB (12.0) for formulations in Suppocire® CM and Witepsol® H15, respectively. The release parameters majorly fitted into Higuchi’s model. The release mechanism was non-Fickian and Fickian for formulations in Suppocire® CM and Witepsol® H15, respectively.Conclusion: The variations observed in the release profiles of Ibuprofen from the suppository bases indicate that HLB value of mixed surfactants can be employed in modifying drug release from semi-synthetic fatty bases

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Faubion, Dana F., and Adel A. Kader. "Biochemical Bases for Controlled-atmosphere Effects on Reducing Chilling Injury of `Hass' Avocado Fruit." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 809E—809. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.809e.

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California-grown `Hass' avocado fruit were stored at 5C, in air or a controlled atmosphere (CA) of 2% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide. Fruit were evaluated at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks, both immediately upon removal from storage and after ripening at 20C. Severe chilling injury (flesh browning) developed in the airstored fruit after 6 weeks, while only moderate symptoms were observed in CA-stored avocado fruit after 12 weeks. Lipid peroxidation breakdown products increased during storage and ripening in both air and CA treatments. Sterols, steryl esters, steryl glycosides, glycolipids, and phospholipids were analyzed. Quantity of acylated steryl glycoside in ripe fruit changed from 34 nmoles initially, to 51 or 27 nmoles after 6 weeks at 5C in air or CA, respectively. Glycolipid fatty acid unsaturation in air-stored fruit decreased with the development of chilling injury. Fatty acid unsaturation in phospholipids (phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine) of air-stored avocados decreased with the development of chilling injury. CA storage delayed the development of chilling injury and the loss of fatty acid unsaturation.

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Jamin, Emilien L., Carine Jacques, Laëtitia Jourdes, Jean-Claude Tabet, Nathalie Borotra, Sandrine Bessou-Touya, Laurent Debrauwer, and Hélène Duplan. "Identification of lipids of the stratum corneum by high performance thin layer chromatography and mass spectrometry." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 25, no. 3 (December 13, 2018): 278–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469066718815380.

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The stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis, is the most important skin barrier against exogenous physical and chemical effects, in addition to protecting against dehydration. Ceramides are integral parts of the intercellular lipid lamellae of the stratum corneum and play an important role in the barrier function of mammalian skin. Ceramides are sphingolipids consisting of sphingoid bases linked to fatty acids by an amide bond. Typical sphingoid bases in the skin are composed of dihydrosphingosine, sphingosine, phytosphingosine, and 6-hydroxysphingosine, and the fatty acid acyl chains are composed of non-hydroxy fatty acid, α-hydroxy fatty acid, ω-hydroxy fatty acid, and esterified ω-hydroxy fatty acid. Analytical methods, such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, high performance thin layer chromatography with UV detection, and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, have been developed for the identification and quantification of ceramides in the stratum corneum. However, only a few publications relate to the mass fragmentation patterns specific to ceramide types to determine the structure of skin ceramides. Moreover, these studies provide very limited structural information and only for some ceramides. Therefore, the aim of our study was to develop a quick and easy method of quantification of ceramides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids by high performance thin layer chromatography with ultraviolet detection. High performance thin layer chromatography with ultraviolet detection was also coupled with mass spectrometry using negative ionization by electrospray and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for identification of ceramides’ structure.

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Kihara, Akio. "Metabolism of long-chain bases of sphingolipids and fatty acid α-oxidation." PLANT MORPHOLOGY 30, no. 1 (2018): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5685/plmorphol.30.5.

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Giordano, Elena, and Francesco Visioli. "Long-chain omega 3 fatty acids: Molecular bases of potential antioxidant actions." Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 90, no. 1 (January 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2013.11.002.

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Brumback, Thomas B., Jan Hazebroek, Don Lamb, Lyle Danielson, and Bruce Orman. "Automating fatty acid analyses from seeds: from field samples to data bases." Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 21, no. 2-3 (December 1993): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-7439(93)89012-y.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fatty bases"

Gioielli, Luiz Antonio. "Desenvolvimento de bases gordurosas para margarinas cremosas por interesterificação." Universidade de São Paulo, 1985. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-18032008-081014/.

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O trabalho teve por objetivo o desenvolvimento de bases gordurosas para margarinas utilizando o método de modificação por interesterificação, como alternativa ao processo de hidrogenação parcial, que forma isômeros trans.
The aim of the study was to develop soft margarines by using intertesterification, as an alternative of hydrogenation, which forms trans isomers.

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Fischer, Carol Lea. "Oral mucosal lipids are antimicrobial against Porphyromonas gingivalis, induce ultrastructural damage, and alter bacterial lipid and protein compositions." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2494.

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Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammation of the gingiva and periodontium that leads to progressive destruction and irreversible damage to the supportive structures of the teeth. It affects nearly half of the United States population and is a particular risk factor in adults older than 65 years of age. Oral microorganisms assemble in plaque as a polymicrobial biofilm and Porphyromonas gingivalis, an important secondary colonizer in oral biofilms, has been implicated in periodontal disease. Although the protective functions of various salivary molecules such as antimicrobial proteins have been delineated, lipids present in saliva and on the oral mucosa have been largely ignored and there is growing evidence that the role of lipids in innate immunity is more important than previously realized. In fact, recent studies suggest that sphingoid bases and fatty acids, which exhibit potent broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacteria and fungi, are likely important innate immune molecules involved in the defense against oral bacterial and fungal infections. However little is known about their spectrum of activity or mechanisms of action. In addition, the effects of these lipids that are endogenous to the oral cavity have not been explored against oral bacteria. In this study I hypothesized that oral mucosal and salivary lipids exhibit dose-dependent antimicrobial activity against P. gingivalis and alter cell morphology and metabolic events. To test this hypothesis, I first examined the effects of two fatty acids: sapienic acid and lauric acid, and three sphingoid bases: sphingosine, dihydrosphingosine, and phytosphingosine, against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria including P. gingivalis. Using broth microdilution assays to determine minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations, I show that antimicrobial activity against bacteria is dose-dependent, lipid specific, and microorganism specific. Kill kinetics were also variable across each bacteria-lipid combination. Upon examination of select bacteria-lipid combinations via scanning and transmission electron microscopy, different morphologies were evident across all treatments, demonstrating differential activity of each lipid for a particular bacterium as well as for each bacterium across different lipids. In addition, all sphingoid bases and fatty acids were taken up and retained in association with P. gingivalis cells and could be extracted along with bacterial lipids and separated using thin layer chromatography. Using a combination of two-dimensional in-gel electrophoresis and Western blots followed by mass spectroscopy and n-terminus degradation sequencing, I show that sapienic-acid treatment induces a unique stress response in P. gingivalis, as evidenced by the ability of P. gingivalis to upregulate a set of proteins involved in fatty acid biosynthesis metabolism and energy production, protein processing, cell adhesion, and virulence. Finally, utilizing flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, I assessed the effects of oral antimicrobial lipids against a representative host cell and describe oral lipid concentrations that are both antimicrobial to P. gingivalis cells and non-cytotoxic to the representative host cells tested. Combined, these data strongly suggest that sphingoid bases and fatty acids found within the saliva and on oral mucosa likely do contribute to the innate antimicrobial activity of saliva, mucosal surfaces, and skin and this dose-dependent activity is both lipid specific and bacteria specific. This information adds to current knowledge of the innate functions of endogenous lipids in the oral cavity. With bacterial resistance to current antibiotics increasing, the exploration of new antimicrobial agents is important and these lipid treatments may be beneficial for prophylactic treatments or therapeutic intervention of infection by supplementing the natural immune function of endogenous lipids on skin and other mucosal membranes.

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Kouakou, Cédric. "Etude approfondie de la cristallisation des carburants et des combustibles, impact des nouvelles bases." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3017/document.

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Les industries du raffinage et du transport doivent faire face à une conjoncture marquée par une demande croissante et importante de carburant gazole et à la fois par la Directive 2003/30/EC de l’Union Européenne imposant l'incorporation progressive de sources renouvelables dans les carburants (5,75 % en 2010 à 20 % en 2020, en terme de contenu énergétique). Dans ce contexte, les schémas de raffinage ont été orientés vers la valorisation de plus de coupes lourdes en bases pour la formulation des carburants gazoles et combustibles Fuel–Oil domestique, tandis que l’aspect réglementaire est satisfait en ayant recours à des bases alternatives de type Esters Méthyliques d’Huiles Végétales (EMHV). Cependant, les gazoles moteurs ainsi formulés sont d’avantage exposés aux problématiques de cristallisation en raison de l’accroissement de composés susceptibles de s’y solidifier lors de températures hivernales (principalement les n-alcanes et les Esters Méthyliques d’Acides Gras). Il est par conséquent important de se doter d’un outil d’optimisation de la formulation permettant de prédire la température d’apparition des premiers cristaux, soit leur point de trouble. Dans cette perspective, il a été nécessaire d’acquérir les données expérimentales de transition de phase liquide – solide des Esters Méthyliques d’Acides Gras composants les EMHV, mais également celles des fluides réels (gazoles fossiles, EMHV et leurs mélanges). Les données collectées ont par la suite été comparées aux prédictions résultantes de modèles thermodynamiques se proposant de décrire l’équilibre de phase liquide – solide des gazoles et des EMHV, afin de s’en inspirer pour établir une approche prédictive de calcul des températures de transition de phase des mélanges.En définitive, nous avons reliés les résultats de la modélisation thermodynamique et les mesures du point de trouble réalisées conformément aux normes pétrolières en vigueur en Europe (ASTM D5771et D7689), afin d’établir des corrélations aptes à la prédiction de cette propriété attestant de la tenue au froid des gazoles moteurs
The concerns about greenhouse effect have encouraged the use of biodiesels to replace petroleum-derived diesel fuel. Indeed, the European Union has issued a Directive 2003/30/EC, which mandates the use of biofuels in a percentage ranging from 5.75% in 2010 to 20.00% in 2020 (calculated on the basis of energy content) for all transportation fuels marketed within the member states. First-generation biodiesels made from vegetable oils or animals fats are blended with petroleum diesel to fuel the engines. Besides, the refining schemes were modified to produce more heavy petroleum cuts in order to satisfy the growing demand of diesel fuel. However, the resulting diesel are more exposed to operability problems as the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters and the heavy normal paraffins may solidified in the tank and filters when the temperature drops down during the winter seasons. Thus the study of the solid-liquid phase equilibria of these blends may be useful to predict the temperature of apparition of the solidified material, known as the cloud point. In this work, we collected the melting data of the pure biodiesel components (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) and we studied the phase change temperature of real diesel samples (petroleum diesel and biodiesel blends). Then, we have developed a thermodynamic model in order to compute the solid-liquid phase equilibria of all these kind of fluids involved in the diesel fuel formulation. Comparisons were made with the experimental phase change measurements and with the cloud point normalized measurement methods (ASTM D5771 et D7689). Finally, we have correlate the phase change temperature calculated by the thermodynamic model with the normalized cloud point, so as this important data could be obtain by a predictive tool

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Pawlak, Michal. "Effets hépatoprotecteurs de PPARα : rôle physiopathologique et bases moléculaires des activités PPARα dans l'inflammation aiguë et la stéatohépatite non alcoolique." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL2S047/document.

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La stéatohépatite non alcoolique (NASH) est une maladie du foie à évolution clinique grave, dont la prévalence est en constante progression. La stéatohépatite non alcoolique est caractérisée par un dépôt excessif de lipides dans les hépatocytes (stéatose) associé à une inflammation chronique, au contraire de la stéatose hépatique (NAFLD), manifestation initiale mais bénigne d'un dérèglement métabolique. Le NASH augmente le risque de progression vers la fibrose, la cirrhose et le carcinome hépatocellulaire et ne peut être soigné que par une greffe hépatique. Le risque de développer un diabète de type est aussi significativement augmenté chez les patients atteints de NASH. PPAR⍺ est un récepteur nucléaire connu pour réguler l'utilisation des acides gras dans le foie et réprimer les voies de signalisation pro-inflammatoires. [...]Nous avons conçu mutant de PPAR⍺ dont l'activité de liaison à l'ADN est abolie. La comparaison de ses activités transcriptionnelles in vitro avec le PPAR⍺ non muté démontre que les activités de contrôle du métabolisme sont abolies pour ce mutant, alors que les activités anti-inflammatoires restent intactes. [...] Dans cette étude, nous montrons donc pour la première fois que PPAR⍺ inhibe la progression de la stéatose vers le NASH et la fibrose par un mécanisme anti-inflammatoire direct, indépendant de son effet sur le métabolisme lipidique hépatique
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly prevalent liver condition characterized by excessive lipid deposition in the hepatocytes steatohepatitis (NASH) is hallamarked by chronic inflammation. NASH markedly increases the risk of progression towards liver fibrosis, cirrhosis ans hepatocellular carcinoma. The nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR⍺) regulates hepatic fatty acid utilization and represses pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. [...]Liver-specific expression of wild type or DNA binding-deficient PPAR⍺ in acute and chronic models of inflammation demonstrated that PPAR's anti-inflammatory, but not metabolic activities, result from DNA binding-independent mechanisms in vivo. We futher show that PPAR⍺ inhits the transition from steatosis toward NASH and fibrosis through a direct, anti-inflammatory mechanism independent of its effetc on hepatic lipid metabolism

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Мазаєва, Вікторія Сергіївна. "Технологія жирових продуктів із заданими властивостями багатоцільового призначення." Thesis, Український науково-дослідний інститут олій та жирів НААН, 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/39134.

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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.18.06 – технологія жирів, ефірних масел і парфумерно-косметичних продуктів. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2018. Дисертаційну роботу присвячено науковому обґрунтуванню перспективної технології одержання жирових продуктів з наперед заданими властивостями. Визначено триацилгліцерольний склад найбільш поширеної жирової сировини. Показано, що при загальній кількості триацилгліцеролів від 11 до 20 у кожному компоненті визначальними (за вмістом) є 7 – 10 триацилгліцеролів, від яких і залежать фізико-хімічні властивості жирових сумішей. На діаграмах диференційної скануючої калориметрії проаналізовані фазові перетворення для процесів плавлення та кристалізації в широкому діапазоні температур для одинадцяти сумішей. Виконано порівняльний аналіз температури в характерних точках з температурами плавлення і застигання. В результаті проведених обчислень знайдені коефіцієнти апроксимації для обчислення вмісту твердих триацилгліцеролів в характерних точках на діаграмі диференційної скануючої калориметрії і отриманих за допомогою ядерного магнітного резонансу, що дозволяє зіставляти і перераховувати результати обох аналізів, а це, в свою чергу, дозволяє досягати більш достовірних результатів. За допомогою плану Шеффе отримані рівняння регресії на базі яких розраховано рівняння залежності фізико-хімічних властивостей від триацилгліцерольного складу, що підтверджує можливість створення жирових основ жировмісних продуктів за допомогою відомого триацилгліцерольного складу. Розроблена методологія дозволяє скорегувати рецептуру жирових сумішей згідно із заданими фізико-хімічними властивостями або відтворювати вже існуючі рецептури за допомогою іншої сировини, на стадії лабораторних досліджень, ще до початку технологічного процесу і мінімізувати втрати енергоресурсів та час роботи лабораторії.
Thesis for a candidate Degree in Technical sciences, specialty 05.18.06 – technology of fats, essential oils and perfumery and cosmetic products. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", of Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine Kharkiv, 2018. The thiacylglycerol composition of the most common fatty material is determined. It is shown that in the total number of triacylglycerols from 11 to 20 in each component, the determinant (in content) is 7-10 triacylglycerols, on which the physical and chemical properties of fatty mixtures depend. In the diagrams of differential scanning calorimetry, phase transformations for melting and crystallization processes in a wide temperature range for eleven mixtures are analyzed. A comparative analysis of temperature at characteristic points with melting and freezing temperatures has been performed. As a result of the calculations, the coefficients of approximation were calculated for the calculation of the content of solid triacylglycerols in the characteristic points on the differential scanning calorimetry diagram and obtained with the help of a nuclear magnetic resonance, which allows to compose and recalculate the results of both analyzes, which in turn allows us to achieve more reliable results. Using the Scheffe plan, regression equations were derived on the basis of which the equation of the dependence of physical and chemical properties on the triatsilglycerol composition was calculated, which confirms the possibility of creating fatty bases of fat-containing products with the help of knowledge of the triacylglycerol composition. The developed methodology allows to adjust the formula of fat mixtures according to the given physical and chemical properties or to reproduce already existing recipes with the help of other raw materials, at the stage of laboratory research, before the beginning of the technological process and to minimize energy losses and the time of the laboratory.

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Мазаєва, Вікторія Сергіївна. "Технологія жирових продуктів із заданими властивостями багатоцільового призначення." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/39133.

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Aguiar, Prado Lucas De Ofeu. "Prédiction de la production et de la composition de la matière grasse du lait par modélisation : rôle des flux de nutriments absorbés." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA015/document.

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La composition du lait en acides gras (AG) chez la vache laitière est la résultante du métabolisme lipidique au niveau du rumen et au niveau de la glande mammaire. Dans le cadre du renouvellement des systèmes d’unités d’alimentation INRA, l’objectif de ce travail est de prédire par une approche quantitative utilisant la méta-analyse de bases de données, les flux duodénaux d’AG chez les ruminants, le transfert des AG de l’intestin à la glande mammaire, et les flux d’AG sécrétés dans le lait.Des équations de prédiction des flux duodénaux et absorbés des AG saturés, des AG impairs et ramifiés, et d’un grand nombre d’isomères des AG insaturés ont été obtenues en intégrant les effets de facteurs expérimentaux tels que la nature du fourrage, le pourcentage de concentré, la supplémentation en huiles, graines végétales, et en produits marins, et leurs interactions. Ces équations sont fonction des AG ingérés et des facteurs interférents (mode de conservation et familles botaniques des fourrages, composition du régime alimentaire, caractéristiques des animaux).Pour le transfert des AG du duodénum à la glande mammaire, les équations privilégient comme prédicteur leur flux duodénal respectif, mais utilisent aussi des paramètres digestifs ruminaux (pH, acétate, butyrate) ou des caractéristiques des rations pour les AG impairs et ramifiés, ou les AG synthétisés de novo (C4:0 à C14:0).La validation de ces modèles a été faite à partir d’une base de données externe qui a permis de coupler les deux modèles et d’évaluer leur précision. Finalement, nous proposons des équations de prédiction des AG spécifiques ainsi que des groupes d’AG présentant un intérêt nutritionnel et qui peuvent fournir une approche aux systèmes d'unités d'alimentation pour prédire leurs réponses à différents types de rations
Milk fatty acids (FA) composition in dairy cows results from lipid metabolism in rumen and mammary gland. In the context of renewing the INRA feed unit system, the objective of this work is to predict, by a quantitative approach using metaanalysis, duodenal flows of FA in ruminants, FA transfer from the intestine to the mammary gland, and the secreted FA flows in the milk. Predictive equations for duodenal and absorbed saturated FA, odd and branched FA, and a large number of unsaturated FA isomers were obtained by integrating the effects of experimental factors such as the nature of the forage, the concentrate percentage, supplementation with oleaginous oils and seeds, and marine products, and their interactions.These equations are function of ingested FA and their interfering factors (forage conservation mode and botanical family, diet composition, animal factors).For the transfer of FA from duodenum to the mammary gland, the equations favor the prediction of their respective duodenal flows, but they also use ruminal digestive parameters (pH, acetate, butyrate) or dietary characteristics for odd and branched FA, or de novo synthesized FA (C4 :0 to C14 :0).Models validation was done with an external database, which allowed coupling the two models and evaluate their accuracy. Finally, we propose predictive equations for specific FA as well as FA groups of nutritional interest that can provide an approach to the INRA feed unit system to predict their milk yield responses according to different types of rations

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González, Paz Rodolfo Jesús. "Polyurethanes based on fatty acids with improved biocompatibility." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96663.

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El objetivo principal de esta tesis ha sido el desarrollo de nuevos poliuretanos a partir de ácidos grasos como fuentes renovables, utilizando química “click” en la síntesis de los dioles y polioles correspondientes. La primera parte del trabajo describe la preparación de los monómeros “vía” acoplamiento tiol-eno ó tiol-ino, su caracterización y las propiedades de los poliuretanos sintetizados. Como los polímeros a partir de ácidos grasos provienen de macromoléculas biológicas y pueden ser potencialmente biocompatibles, la segunda parte del trabajo está dirigida a incrementar la biocompatibilidad de los poliuretanos a través de diversas estrategias de funcionalización con moléculas bioactivas, para su implementación en ingeniería de tejidos. Tres metodologías fueron investigadas: mezclas con gelatina; inmovilización covalente de colágeno sobre la superficie mediante plasma; e inmovilización iónica de sulfato de condroitina sobre la superficie mediante aminólisis.
The main objective of this thesis has been the development of new polyurethanes from renewable sources such as fatty acids, using "click" chemistry in the synthesis of the corresponding diols and polyols. The first part of this study describes the preparation of monomers "via" thiol-ene or thiol-yne coupling, characterization and properties of the synthesized polyurethanes. As the polymers from fatty acids derived from biological macromolecules and can be potentially biocompatible, the second part of this work is focused on the enhancement of polyurethanes biocompatibility through bioactive molecules functionalization strategies, for tissue engineering purposes. Three approaches have been investigated: blends of polyurethanes and gelatin; covalent surface modification of polyurethanes with collagen by plasma treatment; and ionic surface modification of polyurethanes with chondroitin sulfate by aminolysis treatment.

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Passet, Quentin. "Synthesis and functionalization of fatty acid-based hyperbranched polymers." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0059.

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Ces travaux de thèse portent sur la valorisation de la biomasse oléagineuse, via la polymérisation de synthons, issus d’huiles végétales, en polymères hyper-ramifiés. Ces recherches ont conduit à la synthèse et à la purification d’un nouveau monomère biosourcé, le 10,11-epoxy undecan-1-ol (EUnd), dont la polymérisation par ouverture de cycle (ROMBP) a permis de générer des polyéthers hyper-ramifiés biosourcés. Les conditions de polymérisations ont été étudiées en laboratoire dans le but d’optimiser les rendements de synthèse mais aussi afin de contrôler la structure chimique, ainsi que leurs propriétés. La copolymérisation de l’EUnd avec le glycidol a permis d’atteindre de nouvelles propriétés, notamment en termes de solubilité. Une seconde partie fut consacrée à la fonctionnalisation de polyesters hyper-ramifiés biosourcés, développés au LCPO lors du projet HyPerBioPol. L’objectif étant de contrôler la solubilisation des composés dans différents milieux, polaires et apolaires, afin de créer des polymères pouvant être utilisés comme agents de réticulation
The aim of this thesis is to valorize oilseed biomass through the polymerization of building block, stemming from vegetable oils, into hyperbranched polymers. This research involves the synthesis and purification of a new bio-based monomer, coined as 10,11- epoxyundecanol (EUnd), which ring-opening multibranching polymerization (ROMBP) has generated bio-based hyperbranched polyethers (hbPEUnd). Conditions of polymerization have been studied in order to maximize yields of reaction and control both the chemical structure and the properties of hbPEUnd. Copolymerization of EUnd with glycidol has also been implemented, yielding hyperbranched copolyethers with varied properties (e.g. solubility). The second part of this work has been dedicated to the functionalization of bio-based hyperbranched polyesters, developed in the frame of a former project. Appropriate derivatizations have provided these modified polyesters with solubility in polar solvents and made them employable as curing agents

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Ramayo, Caldas Yuliaxis. "Dissecting the Genetic Basis of Pig Intramuscular Fatty Acid Composition." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/120210.

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El cerdo (Sus scrofa domestica) constituye una de las principales fuentes de carne para la humanidad, y es también un excelente modelo animal para el estudio de enfermedades metabólicas en humanos. Los ácidos grasos (AG) juegan un papel importante actuando como moléculas de señalización celular en diversas rutas metabólicas asociadas a este tipo de patologías y además en la determinación de la calidad organoléptica y nutricional de la carne porcina. Como consecuencia, descifrar la base molecular del metabolismo de los AG podría contribuir al conocimiento de la base genética de las enfermedades metabólicas, además de favorecer el desarrollo tecnológico para mejorar la calidad de la carne porcina. El objetivo principal de esta tesis ha sido estudiar las bases genéticas del contenido intramuscular (IMF) de AG en cerdos. Para ello hemos utilizado diferentes, pero complementarias aproximaciones analíticas. Inicialmente utilizamos los datos genotípicos del chip porcino de 62.612 SNPs (Illumina) e identificamos 49 regions con variación en el número de copias. Posteriores estudios de asociación masivos entre 32 fenotipos relacionados con el perfil IMF AG y los SNPs del chip de Illumina nos permitieron identificar 43 regiones significativamente asociados a 15 de los fenotipos analizados. Cabe destacar que el 53.5% de las regions identificadas contienen QTLs asociados a caracteres lipídicos. Al comparar el transcriptoma del hígado entre dos grupos de cerdos con fenotipos extremos para la composición IMF de AG se han identificado un total de 55 genes diferencialmente expresados. Análisis funcionales revelan que muchos de estos genes pertenecen a funciones biológicas, rutas metabólicas y redes génicas interconectadas relacionadas con el metabolismo los AG. La implementación de un enfoque holístico que basado en la co-asociación entre genes y/o SNPs a lo largo de varios fenotipos nos permitió identificar redes génicas, rutas metabólicas y factores de transcripción relevantes para el metabolismo de los AG. Por primera vez, interacciones génicas predichas en base a la co-asociación entre genes fueron válidadas mediante estudios de co-expresión génica en dos tejidos relevantes para el metabolismo de los AG en cerdos (hígado y tejido adiposo). Los resultados obtenidos muestran la utilidad de la biología de sistemas en el estudio de caracteres complejos. Sin embargo, serán necesarios estudios que integren diferentes disciplinas para establecer estrategias más eficientes que permitan mejorar la calidad de la carne de cerdo.
Pigs (Sus scrofa) are relevance to humans, both as a source of food and as an animal model for scientific progress. Technological, nutritional and organoleptic properties of pork meat quality are highly dependent on lipid content and fatty acid (FA) composition. The molecular processes controlling FA composition and metabolism are highly interconnected and not fully understood. Elucidating these molecular processes will aid the technological development towards the improvement of pork meat quality and increase knowledge of FA metabolism underpinning metabolic diseases. This thesis deals with FA metabolism in pigs, analyzed from different perspectives. We have described for the first time a Copy Number Variant Regions map in swine based on whole genome SNP genotyping chips some of them may have an effect on FA. A Genome-Wide Association Study approach was carried out in a Iberian x Landrace backcross across 32 traits related to IMF FA composition and a total of 43 chromosomal regions were identified. Besides, 53.5% of these chromosomal intervals had been reported to contain QTL for lipid traits in previous studies. The liver transcriptome of two female groups of phenotypically extreme pigs for Intramuscular FA composition were sequenced using RNA-Seq. A differential expression analysis identified 55 protein-coding genes differentially-expressed between groups. Functional analysis revealed that these genes belong to biological functions, canonical pathways and three connected gene networks related to lipid and FA metabolism. Finally, a holistic gene network approach based on SNP-to-SNP co-association was employed. Supporting evidence for co-association network predictions were confirmed at tissue-specific manner by gene co-expression analysis in adipose and liver tissues. The analysis of the topological properties of both the co-association and co-expression predicted gene networks, allowed the identification of key transcription factors, candidate genes and metabolic pathways that are likely being determining meat quality and FA composition, as well as controlling energy homeostasis in pigs. Future studies targeting these genes, their pathways and interactions will continue to expand our knowledge of molecular control of FA metabolism and it might lead to discovery of functional relevant mutations, unfolding new strategies for improve pork meat quality.

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Books on the topic "Fatty bases"

Goodman, Jonathan. The Omega solution: Unleash the amazing, scientifically based healing power of Omega-3 & -6 fatty acids. Roseville, Calif: Prima Health, 2001.

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United States. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular disease. Rockville, Md.]: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2004.

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1947-, Robinson Jo, ed. The Omega diet: The lifesaving nutritional program based on the diet of the Island of Crete. New York: HarperPerennial, 1999.

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J, Heinz H., ed. The basics of industrial oleochemistry: A comprehensive survey of selected technologies based on natural oils and fats. Essen: P. Pomp, 1988.

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Quality, United States Agency for Healthcare Research and. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular risk factors and intermediate markers of cardiovascular disease. Rockville, Md.]: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2004.

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Ho, Vincent K. Y., 1978- and Karmelk Ferry J, eds. Beyond boundaries of biomedicine: Pragmatic perspectives on health and disease. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2003.

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Enig, Mary G. Eat fat, lose fat: Lose weight and feel great with three delicious, science-based coconut diets. New York: Hudson Street Press, 2005.

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Sally, Fallon, ed. Eat fat, lose fat: Lose weight and feel great with three delicious, science-based coconut diets. New York: Hudson Street Press, 2005.

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Valenzuela, Rodrigo, ed. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - Molecular Bases, Prevention and Treatment. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/68045.

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Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on cancer. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fatty bases"

Visioli, Francesco, Doriane Richard, Pedro Bausero, and Claudio Galli. "Role of Polyunsaturated Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Micronutrient Intake on Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease." In Nutritional and Metabolic Bases of Cardiovascular Disease, 166–75. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444318456.ch21.

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Imai, Hiroyuki, Masao Ohnishi, Michiyuki Kojima, and Seisuke Ito. "Cerebrosides in Seed-Plant Leaves: Composition of Fatty Acids and Sphingoid Bases." In Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Lipids, 224–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2662-7_71.

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Boyle, Marie, and Quentin M. Anstee. "Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease." In Evidence-based Gastroenterology and Hepatology 4e, 523–46. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119211419.ch35.

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Moreno, Mónica, Monika Goikoetxea, and María J. Barandiaran. "Fatty Acid-Based Waterborne Coatings." In Biobased and Environmental Benign Coatings, 161–82. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119185055.ch7.

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Najjar, Sonia M. "Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Metabolic Syndrome." In Metabolic Basis of Obesity, 219–27. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1607-5_12.

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Zhou, Sheng-Li, Barry J. Potter, Decherd Stump, Dario Sorrentino, and Paul D. Berk. "Quantitation of plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein by enzyme dilution and monoclonal antibody based immunoassay." In Cellular Fatty Acid-binding Proteins, 183–89. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3936-0_23.

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Das, Undurti N. "Essential Fatty Acids—Biochemistry, Physiology and Clinical Significance." In Molecular Basis of Health and Disease, 101–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0495-4_4.

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Leaf, A. "Electrophysiologic Basis for the Antiarrhythmic and Anticonvulsant Effects of ω3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids." In Fatty Acids and Lipids - New Findings, 72–78. Basel: KARGER, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000059768.

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Sookoian, Silvia, and Carlos Jose Pirola. "Genetic Basis of Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease." In Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, 147–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20538-0_7.

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Hallenbeck, Patrick C. "Microbial Production of Fatty-Acid-Based Biofuels." In Microbial Technologies in Advanced Biofuels Production, 213–30. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1208-3_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fatty bases"

Ramasamy, Jothibasu, and Mohammad K. Arfaj. "Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Drilling Fluid Additives Development." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22455-ms.

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Abstract Drilling fluid is an inseparable component of drilling oil and gas wells and circulated from the day of spudding to the day of completing a well. Drilling fluid consists of a variety of chemicals to provide various properties to drilling fluid such as viscosity, fluid loss control, emulsion stability, lubricity, etc. Developing chemicals that are eco-friendly and sustainable to provide the above-mentioned properties to drilling fluid is a significant step forward taken towards sustainability and reducing carbon footprint besides suitability for aquifers and offshore environments. Several fatty acid-based products play a crucial role in drilling fluids additives development as fatty acids offer eco-friendly and bio-degradable properties. Triglycerides present in vegetable oil is a potential source of fatty acids and their derivatives. Used cooking oil (UCO) provides a perpetual and sustainable source of raw material for various types of eco-friendly additives development. Used cooking oil is subjected to simple chemical modification of base hydrolysis process and mixture of fatty acids have been obtained after completing a sequence of clean-up process of reaction mixture. The fatty acids obtained are eco-friendly, bio-degradable and non-toxic. Due to technical, economic and environmental benefits, we have conducted several research projects to develop various chemicals from used cooking oil for oil and gas field applications. Fatty acid-based products mainly used in drilling fluids as lubricants to reduce torque and drag for water-based mud. In case of oil-based mud systems, fatty acid derived products are used as emulsifiers, wetting agents and rheology modifiers. However, these products have been either mixture of fatty acids and their derivatives or only derivatives of fatty acids. In our study, we have used the mixture of fatty acids obtained from chemical conversion of UCO for applications as lubricant for water-based mud and emulsifier and rheology modifier for invert emulsion oil-based mud systems. This paper describes the chemicals process for converting used cooking oil to fatty acids by base hydrolysis reaction in the first section. Application of synthesized fatty acids for water-based and oil-based mud formulation as lubricants, emulsifiers and rheology modifiers have been discussed in the second part of the paper.

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Ramasamy, Jothibasu, and Mohammad K. Arfaj. "Sustainable and Green Drilling Fluid Additives Development." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31350-ms.

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Abstract Oil and gas drilling requires several components work simultaneously to ensure smooth and safe drilling. Drilling fluid or mud is an inseparable part of drilling oil and gas wells and circulated through out theh drilling operation. Drilling fluid contains a variety of additives or chemicals to provide various properties to drilling fluid namely viscosity, fluid loss control, emulsion stability, lubricity, etc. Developing environment friendly chemicals to provide the above-mentioned drilling fluid properties is a significant step taken towards sustainability and reducing carbon footprint besides suitability for aquifers and offshore environments. Several fatty acid-based chemicals used in drilling fluids as fatty acids offer eco-friendly and bio-degradable properties besides required drilling fluid properties. Vegatable oil contains triglycerides which is a potential source of fatty acids and their derivatives. Waste vegetable oil (WVO) provides a perpetual and sustainable source of raw material for various types of eco-friendly additives development. Waste vegetable oil is subjected to simple chemical modification of base hydrolysis process and mixtures of fatty acids have been obtained after finishing a sequence of clean-up process of reaction mixture. The fatty acids obtained are environment-friendly, bio-degradable and non-toxic. Due to technical, economic and environmental advantages of products derived from waste vegetable oils, we have undertaken several research projects to produce various chemicals from waste vegetable oil for oil and gas field applications. Fatty acid-based products mainly used in drilling fluids as lubricants to reduce torque and drag for water-based mud. In case of oil-based mud systems, fatty acid derived products are used as emulsifiers, wetting agents and rheology modifiers. However, these products have been either mixture of fatty acids and their derivatives or only derivatives of fatty acids. In our study, we have used the mixture of fatty acids obtained from chemical conversion of WVO for applications as lubricant for water-based mud and emulsifier and rheology modifier for invert emulsion oil-based mud systems. In this paper, we described the chemicals process for converting waste vegetable oil to fatty acids by base hydrolysis reaction in the first section. Application of synthesized fatty acids for water-based and oil-based mud formulation as lubricants, emulsifiers and rheology modifiers have been discussed in the second part of the paper.

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Ahmad, Fachraniah, Eka Kurniasih, Faridah Faridah, and Ariefin Ariefin. "Applications Of Lipase Enzyme In Fatty Monoethanolamide Synthesis Based On Palm Fatty Acid Distillate." In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Multidisciplinary and Its Applications Part 1, WMA-01 2018, 19-20 January 2018, Aceh, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.20-1-2018.2282449.

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Glaude, Pierre A., Rene´ Fournet, Roda Bounaceur, and Michel Moliere. "Gas Turbines and Biodiesel: A Clarification of the Relative NOX Indices of FAME, Gasoil, and Natural Gas." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59623.

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There is currently a sustained interest in biofuels as they represent a potential alternative to petroleum derived fuels. Biofuels are likely to help decrease greenhouse gases emissions and the dependence on oil resources. Biodiesels are Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs) that are mainly derived from vegetable oils; their compositions depend from the parent vegetables: rapeseed (“RME”), soybean (“SME”), sunflower, palm etc. A fraction of biodiesel has also an animal origin (“tallow”). A key factor for the use of biofuels in gas turbines is their Emissions Indices (NOx, CO, VOC, PM) in comparison with those of conventional “petroleum gasoils”. While biodiesels reduce carbon-containing pollutants, experimental data from diesel engines show a slight increase in NOx. The literature relating to gas turbines is very scarce. Two recent, independent field tests carried out in Europe (RME) and in the USA (SME) showed slightly lower NOx while a lab test on a microturbine showed the opposite effect. To clarify the NOx index of biodiesels in gas turbines, a study has been undertaken, taking gasoil and natural gas (NG) as reference fuels. In this study, a calculation of the flame temperature developed by the 3 classes of fuels has been performed and the effect of their respective compositions has been investigated. The five FAMEs studied were RME, SME and methyl esters of sunflower, palm and tallow; these are representative of most widespread vegetable and animal oil bases worldwide. The software THERGAS has been used to calculate the enthalpy and free energy properties of the fuels and GASEQ for the flame temperature (Tf), acknowledging the fact that “thermal NOx” represents the predominant form of NOx in gas turbines. To complete the approach to structural effects, we have modeled two NG compositions (rich and weak gas) and three types of gasoil using variable blends of eleven linear/branched/cyclic molecules. The results are consistent with the two recent field tests and show that the FAMEs lie close to petroleum gasoils and higher than NG in terms of NOx emission. The composition of the biodiesel and regular diesel fuel influences their combustion heat: methyl esters with double bonds see a slight increase of their Tf and their NOx index while that of gasoil is sensitive to the aromatic content.

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Jayadas, N. H., and K. Prabhakaran Nair. "Coconut Oil as Bio Lubricant: Study of the Anti-Wear Properties Using Quantum Chemical Calculations and Tribological Tests." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63786.

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In this paper Spartan 02, a molecular dynamics software is used to analyze and predict the tribological properties of coconut oil in a qualitative manner on the basis of carbon chain length of the constituent fatty acids, their polarity (Net electrostatic charge, Qr) and the energies of the molecular orbitals EHOMO (Energy of the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) and ELUMO (Energy of the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) and the enthalpies of formations (Hform) of the iron soaps of respective fatty acids. Tribological properties of the constituent fatty acids of coconut oil were evaluated using a four-ball tester as per ASTM D4172 method. The experimental results showed good correlation to the selected quantum chemical descriptors. The influence of an anti-wear additive on the tribological performance of coconut oil and the optimum additive concentration were also evaluated experimentally.

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Petrov, K. A., A. A. Perk, L. V. Dudareva, and V. V. Nokhsorov. "The fatty acid composition of the autumn cryo-feed of animals in the cryolithozone." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-343.

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Nor, Nurazira Mohd, Darfizzi Derawi, and Jumat Salimon. "Synthesis of palm oil fatty acid and trimethylolpropane based ester for biolubricant base stocks." In THE 2017 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2017 Postgraduate Colloquium. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5028010.

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Szubert, Karol, Bartosz Leśniewski, and Hieronim Maciejewski. "The fatty acids based organofunctional silane protective coatings for concrete." In 1st Corrosion and Materials Degradation Web Conference. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cmdwc2021-09997.

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Bucy, Harrison, and Anthony J. Marchese. "Oxidative Stability of Algae Derived Methyl Esters Containing Varying Levels of Methyl Eicosapentaenoate and Methyl Docosahexaenoate." In ASME 2011 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2011-60047.

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Microalgae is currently receiving strong consideration as a potential biofuel feedstock to help meet the advanced biofuels mandate of the 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act because of its theoretically high yield (gallons/acre/year) in comparison to current terrestrial feedstocks. Microalgae lipids can be converted into a variety of biofuels including fatty acid methyl esters (e.g. biodiesel), renewable diesel, renewable gasoline or synthetic paraffinic aviation kerosene. For algal methyl ester biodiesel, fuel properties will be directly related to the fatty acid composition of the lipids produced by the given microalgae strain. Several microalgae species under consideration for wide scale cultivation, such as Nannochloropsis, produce lipids with fatty acid compositions containing substantially higher quantities of long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in comparison to terrestrial feedstocks. It is expected that increased levels of LC-PUFA will be problematic in terms of meeting all of the current ASTM specifications for biodiesel. For example, it is well known that oxidative stability decreases with increasing levels of LC-PUFA. However, these same LC-PUFA fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA: C20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA: C22:6) are known to have high nutritional value thereby making separation of these compounds economically attractive. Given the uncertainty in the future value of these LC-PUFA compounds and the economic viability of the separation process, the goal of this study was to examine the oxidative stability of algal methyl esters with varying levels of EPA and DHA. Tests were conducted using a Metrohm 743 Rancimat with automatic induction period determination following ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards, which call for induction periods of at least 3 hours and 6 hours, respectively. Tests were conducted at a temperature of 110°C and airflow of 10 L/h with model algal methyl ester compounds synthesized from various sources to match the fatty acid compositions of several algae strains subjected to varying removal amounts of roughly 0 to 100 percent LC-PUFA. In addition, tests were also conducted with real algal methyl esters produced from multiple sources. The bis-allylic position equivalent (BAPE) was calculated for each fuel sample to quantify the level of unsaturation. The induction period was then plotted as a function of BAPE, which showed that the oxidative stability varied exponentially with the amount of LC-PUFA. The results suggest that removal of 45 to 65 percent of the LC-PUFA from Nannochloropsis-based algal methyl esters would be sufficient for meeting existing ASTM specifications for oxidative stability.

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Grushcow, J., and M. A. Smith. "Next Generation Feedstocks From New Frontiers in Oilseed Engineering." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63523.

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Recent advances in molecular breeding techniques along with developing tools for Genomics and Proteomics are delivering new oil seed profiles for industrial applications. Ultra high Oleic, Erucic and blends including Hydroxy fatty acids are now, or will be shortly, available in a variety of oilseed crops including Soybean and Canola as well as Flax. As a result, vegetable oils need to be re-examined by industry for specific applications. Feedstocks and base oils derived from oil seeds are renewable as well as biodegradable. A brief summary of recent progress is presented together with a description of new research into the development of an alternative source of Hydroxy fatty acids to replace castor oil and an overview of an enzyme engineering approach to create new enzymes for seed oil modification.

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Reports on the topic "Fatty bases"

LaScala, John J., Amutha Jeyarajasingam, Cherise Winston, James M. Sand, and Guiseppe R. Palmese. Predicting the Viscosity of Low VOC Vinyl Ester and Fatty Acid-Based Resins. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada444349.

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Kellner, Trey A., Kenneth J. Prusa, and John F. Patience. Prediction of Loin, Belly and Jowl IV Based on Diet Composition Verses Daily Fatty Acid Intake. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1326.

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Schoonmaker, Jon P., Rafael A. Nafikov, James M. Reecy, Diane E. Spurlock, and Jenny Minick-Bormann. Genetic Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition of Milk: Basis for Improvement of the Healthfulness of the U.S. Milk Supply. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-155.

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Young, Erin, Cem Kuscu, Christine Watkins, and Murat Dogan. Using CRISPR Gene Editing to Prevent Accumulation of Lipids in Hepatocytes. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/com.lsp.2022.0007.

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CRISPR gene editing is a molecular technology that can be used to silence gene expression. In this experiment, genes that are known to play a role in lipid accumulation in hepatocytes were targeted. Specifically, levels of fatty acid transport proteins 2 and 5 (FATP2 & 5) have been shown to be elevated in cases of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The goal of this experiment was to reduce expression of these genes by using a dead Cas9 (dCas9) protein with an attached inhibitory domain (KRAB) that acts on the promotor region. When measuring the mRNA expression, it was determined that the levels of the CRISPR-modified gene products were significantly reduced compared to the control. However, the same extent of inhibition was not consistently observed when conducting flow cytometry. Current work is aimed at discovering why lipid accumulation is not inhibited to the expected degree based on the results of mRNA expression.

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Fan, Si-min, Xiao-yan Shi, Yan-ping Fan, Lin-lin Yang, Jia Yao, and Pei-min Feng. Efficacy and safety of incretin-based therapies in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.5.0045.

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Mattie, David R., Jonathon M. Hurley, Edward S. Riccio, and Teresa R. Sterner. Acute Dermal Irritation Study and Salmonella-Escherichia coli/Microsome Plate Incorporation Assay of Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) Bio-Based Jet Fuels. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada584649.

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Moskalenko, O. L., O. V. Smirnova, E. V. Kasparov, and I. E. Kasparova. STRUCTURE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME AND NON-ALCOHOLIC FAT LIVER DISEASE. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2021-12-4-2-340-348.

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The article is devoted to the study of the psychological characteristics of the behavior of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The manifestations of NAFLD are a powerful frustrating factor for patients, negatively affect the quality of life, hinder psychosocial adaptation and serve as the basis for the formation of chronic stress from the disease, which blocks the actual needs of the individual. Psychological factors are an important component in the clinical assessment of patients in connection with the individualization of the treatment process and secondary psychoprophylaxis, including methods of somato-centered and personality-centered psychotherapy.

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Ismaiel, Abdulrahman, Ayman Jaaouani, Daniel-Corneliu Leucuta, Stefan-Lucian Popa, and Dan-Lucian Dumitrascu. The Visceral Adiposity Index in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Fibrosis — Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0056.

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Review question / Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the mean difference and AUROC of Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) in NAFLD/NASH/liver fibrosis patients and controls in observational studies. Condition being studied: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multi-system disease, being mainly a liver pathology involving excessive hepatic fat accumulation unrelated to alcohol consumption or other secondary causes of hepatic steatosis. It is an emerging cause of concern and increasing clinical burden, imposing a public health challenge. NAFLD is the most common chronic liver disease and is predicted to be the most common indication for a liver transplant in Western countries by 2030, owing to a prevalence of 25% worldwide. The visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a scoring system based on body mass index, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), and waist circumferences (WCs).

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Barg, Rivka, Kendal D. Hirschi, Avner Silber, Gozal Ben-Hayyim, Yechiam Salts, and Marla Binzel. Combining Elevated Levels of Membrane Fatty Acid Desaturation and Vacuolar H+ -pyrophosphatase Activity for Improved Drought Tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7613877.bard.

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Background to the topic: In previous works we have shown that Arabidopsis and tomato over-expressing H+-pyrophosphatase show increased tolerance to drought imposed by withholding irrigation of young plants in pots (Park et al. 2005). In addition, young tobacco plants over-expressing fatty acid desaturase 3 (OEX-FAD3) also showed increasing tolerance to drought stress (Zhang et al 2005), and similarly OEX-FAD3 young tomato plants (unpublished data from ARO), hence raising the possibility that pyramiding the two could further improve drought tolerance in tomato. Based on these findings the specific objects originally set were: 1. To analyze the impact of pyramiding transgenes for enhanced fatty acid desaturation and for elevated H+-PPase activity on tomato yielding under water deficit stress conditions. 2. To elucidate the biochemical relationship between elevated desaturation of the membrane lipids and the activities of selected vacuolar transporters in the context of drought responses. 3. To explore the S. pennellii introgression lines as alternative genetic sources for drought tolerance related to enhanced fatty acid desaturation and/or H+-PPase activity. 4. Since OEX-FAD3 increases the levels of linolenic acid which is the precursor of various oxylipins including the stress hormone Jasmonate. (JA), study of the effect of this transgene on tolerance to herbivore pests was added as additional goal. The Major conclusions, solutions, and achievements are: (1) The facts that ectopic over-expression of vacuolarH+-PPases (in line OEX-AVP1) does not change the fatty acid profile compared to the parental MoneyMaker (MM) line and that elevated level of FA desaturation (by OEX-FAD3) does not change the activity of either H+-PPase, H+-ATPaseor Ca2+ /H+ antiport, indicate that the observed increased drought tolerance reported before for increase FA desaturation in tobacco plants and increased H+PPase in tomato plants involves different mechanisms. (2) After generating hybrid lines bringing to a common genetic background (i.e. F1 hybrids between line MP-1 and MM) each of the two transgenes separately and the two transgenes together the effect of various drought stress regimes including recovery from a short and longer duration of complete water withhold as well as performance under chronic stresses imposed by reducing water supply to 75-25% of the control irrigation regime could be studied. Under all the tested conditions in Israel, for well established plants grown in 3L pots or larger, none of the transgenic lines exhibited a reproducible significantly better drought tolerance compare to the parental lines. Still, examining the performance of these hybrids under the growth practices followed in the USA is called for. (3) Young seedlings of none of the identified introgression lines including the S. pennellii homologs of two of the H+-PPase genes and one of the FAD7 genes performed better than line M82 upon irrigation withhold. However, differences in the general canopy structures between the IL lines and M82 might mask such differences if existing. (4). Over-expression of FAD3 in the background of line MP-1 was found to confer significant tolerance to three important pest insects in tomato: Bordered Straw (Heliothis peltigera), Egyptian cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) and Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). Implications: Although the original hypothesis that pyramiding these two trasgenes could improve drought tolerance was not supported, the unexpected positive impact on herbivore deterring, as well as the changes in dynamics of JA biosynthesis in response to wounding and the profound changes in expression of wound response genes calls for deciphering the exact linolenic acid derived signaling molecule mediating this response. This will further facilitate breeding for herbivore pest and mechanical stress tolerance based on this pathway.

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Wong, Brian A., William R. Howard, Teresa R. Sterner, Michelle W. Elliott, and David R. Mattie. 90-Day Inhalation Toxicity Study of Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) Bio-Based Jet Fuel in Rats (Rattus norvegicus) with Neurotoxicity Testing and Genotoxicity Assay. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada596005.

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