To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Fatty acids in human nutrition.
Journal articles on the topic 'Fatty acids in human nutrition'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Fatty acids in human nutrition.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Wahle, Klaus W. J. "Polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition." Trends in Food Science & Technology 4, no. 3 (March 1993): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-2244(93)90191-c.
Full text
2
Jeremy, J. Y. "Polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition." Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 48, no. 2 (February 1993): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0952-3278(93)90110-i.
Full text
3
Savoini, G., G. Farina, V. Dell’Orto, and D. Cattaneo. "Through ruminant nutrition to human health: role of fatty acids." Advances in Animal Biosciences 7, no. 2 (October 2016): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040470016000133.
Full textAbstract:
In the last decades, a new awareness on human nutrition has increased and the concept of ‘food’ has changed from ‘source of nutrients for body’s needs’ to ‘health promoter’. Fruits and vegetables have always been considered beneficial for human health. More recent studies have demonstrated that bioactive components are also present in animal-derived foods, such as milk and dairy products. A broader concept of ‘nutritional safety’ implies the knowledge of how the nutrients contained in animal-derived foods positively affect human health, and how to increase their content. The improvement of dairy products fatty acid (FA) composition can involve strategies in animal nutrition. This review aims to discuss the role of FAs supplementation in ameliorating milk fat composition, environmental impact and animal health. In particular, we have focused on the role of n-3 and CLA FAs and how animal nutrition strategies can positively affect both human and animal health. Several studies have demonstrated that through adequate nutritional strategies is possible to manipulate and improve FA composition of milk and derived products (cheese). Moreover, feeding animals with n-3 FAs has proved to reduce emission of methane (CH4), but further nutritional strategies are needed in order to address this crucial environmental issue. In relation to animal health, n-3 FAs have been proved to modulate immune and inflammatory response in dairy ruminants. Recent studies have addressed the potential programming effects of increased maternal n-3 polyunsaturated FAs intake on offspring’s immune functions showing that feeding bioactive FAs to pregnant animals can affect progeny health status.
4
Burlingame, Barbara, Chizuru Nishida, Ricardo Uauy, and Robert Weisell. "Fats and Fatty Acids in Human Nutrition: Introduction." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 55, no. 1-3 (2009): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000228993.
Full text
5
Pagnan, Antonio, and Andrea Bonanome. "Position Statement: Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Human Nutrition." Journal of the American College of Nutrition 11, sup1 (June 1992): 79S—81S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1992.10737990.
Full text
6
Hayakawa, Kyoko, Yu-Yen Linko, and Pekka Linko. "The role oftrans fatty acids in human nutrition." European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 102, no. 6 (June 2000): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1438-9312(200006)102:6<419::aid-ejlt419>3.0.co;2-y.
Full text
7
Beare-Rogers, J. L., A. Dieffenbacher, and J. V. Holm. "Lexicon of lipid nutrition (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 73, no. 4 (January 1, 2001): 685–744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200173040685.
Full textAbstract:
The intertwining of lipid nutrition with many other disciplines makes contributions from different directions imperative. Chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, food science and technology, industrial processing, and consumer acceptance provide concepts and terms used in lipid nutrition. This document is the product of a working group comprising members of the Committee on the Biological Role of Fatty Acids in Human Nutrition of the International Union of Nutritional Sciences and of the Commission on Oils, Fats, and Derivatives of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Shorthand formulas and systematic and trivial names of some biologically important fatty acids are given in Table 1 (saturated fatty acids), Table 2 (monoenoic fatty acids), and Table 3 (polyenoic fatty acids).Fatty acid compositions of foods have been based on the data of the USDA reference that means official grade standards for agriculture of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Because foods may show large variations in their composition the figures in the annexed tables serve as guidelines only, except those of the Codex alimentarius (Tables 4 and 5), where accepted ranges of the figures are reported. Further, as these standards are in constant revision the reader may contact directly the USDA Agriculture Marketing Service for the last editions of these standards. It is evident that the explanation of the referred terms is a compromise between technological and scientific correctness and the readers' lack of interest in many of the details. But, sometimes a more exhaustive explanation is necessary. Further information then may be found in cross references, although they have been reduced to those of utmost necessity. Terms in the text where cross references are available are printed in boldfaced type. As research and science are progressing and knowledge is increasing, consequently, views on certain nutritional aspects are constantly changing, e.g., the role of essential fatty acids in human nutrition. Therefore, such a work will never be complete, and readers are invited to send their comments and observations to the authors for incorporation into a next edition.
8
Janusz, Prusinski. "White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) – nutritional and health values in human nutrition – a review." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 35, No. 2 (April 29, 2017): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/114/2016-cjfs.
Full textAbstract:
White lupin seeds have been used in human nutrition and treatment for several thousand years. Nowadays the use of white lupin seeds is limited by a small scale of their production. However, in the last 20 years quite new properties of white lupin have been discovered for the application in the production of different kinds of functional food. Unique traits of protein, fatty acids with a desirable ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 acids, and fibre as well as other specific components, for example oligosaccharides and antioxidants or non-starch carbohydrates, make white lupin an excellent component in many healthy diets. The effects of white lupin components concern the physiological condition of the human body, including diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, lipid concentration, glycaemia, appetite, insulin resistance, and colorectal cancer. Seeds are used among others for the production of gluten-free flour, bacterial and fungal fermented products, noodle and pasta products, as substitutes of meat, egg protein and sausages, also are cooked, roasted and ground and mixed with cereal flour in the production of bread, crisps and pasta, crisps and dietary dishes.
9
Lehtovaara, V. J., A. Valtonen, J. Sorjonen, M. Hiltunen, K. Rutaro, G. M. Malinga, P. Nyeko, and H. Roininen. "The fatty acid contents of the edible grasshopper Ruspolia differens can be manipulated using artificial diets." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 3, no. 4 (November 30, 2017): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2017.0018.
Full textAbstract:
Edible insects have been suggested as an alternative and sustainable source of fats, proteins and vitamins for humans. However, their nutritional content may largely depend on the diets offered for insects. Diet-based manipulation of fatty acids in edible insects shows promise to possibly increase their essential and long-chained polyunsaturated fatty acid content and thus further enhance human diets. We reared the edible grasshopper, Ruspolia differens, under various diets with manipulated content of fatty acids, proteins and carbohydrates. The manipulated diets dramatically altered the insects’ content and composition of fatty acids, especially the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Dietary fatty acids were stored largely unaltered in insects. Artificial diets with high content of linoleic, α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic or docosahexaenoic acids, increased the content of these fatty acids in the insect tenfold. The manipulated diets also affected the omega-6/omega-3 (n-6/n-3) fatty acid ratio and developmental performance. Lack of protein and fats in the diet prolongs the development and leads to lower final weight. To achieve required n-6/n-3 ratio for human consumption and to maximise biomass gain and weight, diverse diets with a source of n-3 fatty acids and protein should be used when rearing R. differens. These results demonstrate the potential for improving human nutrition in an effective and sustainable way by producing edible insects with designed nutritional content.
10
Ramiro-Cortijo, David, Pratibha Singh, Yan Liu, Esli Medina-Morales, William Yakah, Steven D. Freedman, and Camilia R. Martin. "Breast Milk Lipids and Fatty Acids in Regulating Neonatal Intestinal Development and Protecting against Intestinal Injury." Nutrients 12, no. 2 (February 19, 2020): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020534.
Full textAbstract:
Human breast milk is the optimal source of nutrition for infant growth and development. Breast milk fats and their downstream derivatives of fatty acids and fatty acid-derived terminal mediators not only provide an energy source but also are important regulators of development, immune function, and metabolism. The composition of the lipids and fatty acids determines the nutritional and physicochemical properties of human milk fat. Essential fatty acids, including long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) and specialized pro-resolving mediators, are critical for growth, organogenesis, and regulation of inflammation. Combined data including in vitro, in vivo, and human cohort studies support the beneficial effects of human breast milk in intestinal development and in reducing the risk of intestinal injury. Human milk has been shown to reduce the occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a common gastrointestinal disease in preterm infants. Preterm infants fed human breast milk are less likely to develop NEC compared to preterm infants receiving infant formula. Intestinal development and its physiological functions are highly adaptive to changes in nutritional status influencing the susceptibility towards intestinal injury in response to pathological challenges. In this review, we focus on lipids and fatty acids present in breast milk and their impact on neonatal gut development and the risk of disease.
11
Narzari, Silistina, and Jatin Sarmah. "A Spectroscopy and Chromatography Based Study on Mineral Analysis, Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Composition of Polistes olivaceus, an Edible Insect Consumed in North East India." Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 54, no. 3 (July 4, 2017): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2017.54.3.15732.
Full textAbstract:
The study was aimed to analyze the mineral content, amino acid and fatty acid composition of Polistes olivaceus larvae consumed by different aboriginal tribes of North East India. Although the edible insect larvae has high market value in Assam and adjoining states of North East India, the nutritional analysis on it has not been done till now. Mineral elements including potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, iron and copper were detected by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Amino acid composition and fatty acid profile were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry respectively to ascertain its potentiality to be included in food based strategies concerning human health. Iron and copper were the most abundant minerals and potassium, sodium and phosphorus were present in substantial amounts. Nineteen amino acids including all essential amino acids (43.87%) except isoleucine were detected in the sample. All essential amino acids satisfied the recommended level (score>100) except leucine with a chemical score of 98%. The level of unsaturated fatty acids was 53.21% while the saturated fatty acids constituted 47.02% of the total fatty acids signifying its potentiality in nutrition and health. Presence of linolenic acid as the main constituent of polyunsaturated fatty acids greatly signifies its importance in human nutrition. Thus, Polistes olivaceus larvae may be exploited to provide high-quality diets among populations plagued by iron deficiency as well as poor supply of dietary proteins and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
12
Gladyshev, Michail I. "Fatty Acids: Essential Nutrients and Important Biomarkers." Biomolecules 12, no. 9 (September 7, 2022): 1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12091250.
Full text
13
Kamal-Eldin, Afaf, and Nedyalka V. Yanishlieva. "N-3 fatty acids for human nutrition: stability considerations." European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 104, no. 12 (December 2002): 825–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1438-9312(200212)104:12<825::aid-ejlt825>3.0.co;2-n.
Full text
14
Hayakawa, Kyoko, Yu-Yen Linko, and Pekka Linko. "The role of trans fatty acids in human nutrition." Starch - Stärke 52, no. 6-7 (July 2000): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-379x(200007)52:6/7<229::aid-star229>3.0.co;2-g.
Full text
15
Mukhametov, A. E., and Lorenzo Guerrini. "QUALITATIVE INDICATORS MAYONNESIS «DOMASHNII» FROM A MIXTURE OF VEGETABLE OILS." HERALD OF SCIENCE OF S SEIFULLIN KAZAKH AGRO TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 4 (115) (December 21, 2022): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.51452/kazatu.2022.4.1229.
Full textAbstract:
Polyunsaturated fatty acids account for 3.3% of the human diet in the daily market. Despite the growth in the range of mayonnaise over the past year, the problem of manufacturing domestic mayonnaise of a balanced composition that meets all the requirements for this type of product remains relevant. A comprehensive multi-level approach to assessing the nutrition of the Kazakh people revealed a wide range of nutritional status disorders. In particular, these include the consumption of animal fats and deficiency of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are indispensable nutritional factors and their composition should correspond to 3-4% of the energy value of the diet. This article presents options for the development of mayonnaise with a balanced composition. A new functional mayonnaise product with a balanced composition of ɷ-3 and ɷ-6 fatty acids has been developed based on a mixture of vegetable oils (sunflower, linseed, and safflower) with a balanced composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The main physico-chemical parameters and fatty acids of a sample of a mixture of vegetable oils were determined. Humidity was determined by drying to constant weight, the mass fraction of oil according to Soxhlet, pH indicators - by the potentiometric method according to GOST 31762-2012. Based on the results of studies, taking into account the physicochemical parameters and biological properties of vegetable oil, it was found that when a new type of mayonnaise with high nutritional and biological value is obtained, human nutrition is not disturbed during use. The use of vegetable raw materials in the production of new mayonnaise with high nutritional and biological value expands the range of this type of product, increases its biological value and extends its shelf life.
16
Francois, C. A., S. L. Connor, R. C. Wander, and W. E. Connor. "Acute effects of dietary fatty acids on the fatty acids of human milk." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 67, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/67.2.301.
Full text
17
Chupikova, Elena, Konstantin Pavel, and Svetlana Tkachenko. "STUDY OF IWASHI SARDINE LIPIDS IN THE SCOPE OF POPULATION NUTRITION OPTIMIZATION." Fisheries 2020, no. 5 (October 9, 2020): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37663/0131-6184-2020-5-101-106.
Full textAbstract:
The article analyzes the fatty acid composition of the frozen iwashi lipids
of different shelf lives. It is established that the total amount of essential
fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6 in iwashi’s fat reaches almost 90% of all
polyunsaturated fatty acids and remains practically unchanged for 12 months
of fish cold storage. It is shown that products from iwashi contain a significant
amount of essential fatty acids, indispensable for the human body, which can
be used to optimize the population nutrition and satisfy the physiological
needs in eicosopentaenoic and docosahexaenoic fatty acids.
18
Rocha, Carolina P., Diana Pacheco, João Cotas, João C. Marques, Leonel Pereira, and Ana M. M. Gonçalves. "Seaweeds as Valuable Sources of Essential Fatty Acids for Human Nutrition." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (May 7, 2021): 4968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094968.
Full textAbstract:
The overexploitation of terrestrial habitats, combined with the ever-growing demand for food, has led to the search for alternative food sources. The importance of seaweeds as food sources has been growing, and their potential as sources of fatty acids (FA) make seaweeds an interesting feedstock for the food and nutraceutical industries. The aim of this study is to assess the potential of five red seaweeds (Asparagospis armata, Calliblepharis jubata, Chondracanthus teedei var. lusitanicus, Gracilaria gracilis, and Grateloupia turuturu) and three brown seaweeds (Colpomenia peregrina, Sargassum muticum and Undaria pinnatifida), harvested in central Portugal, as effective sources of essential FA for food or as dietary supplements. FA were extracted from the biomass, transmethylated to methyl esters, and analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. G. gracilis presented the highest content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (41.49 mg·g−1), whereas C. jubata exhibited the highest content of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) (28.56 mg·g−1); the three G. turuturu life cycle stages presented prominent SFA and HUFA contents. Omega-6/omega-3 ratios were assessed and, in combination with PUFA+HUFA/SFA ratios, it is suggested that C. jubata and U. pinnatifida may be the algae with highest nutraceutical potential, promoting health benefits and contributing to a balanced dietary intake of fatty acids.
19
Ahmed, Batool, Afnan Freije, Amina Omran, Mariangela Rondanelli, Mirko Marino, and Simone Perna. "Human Milk Fatty Acid Composition and Its Effect on Preterm Infants’ Growth Velocity." Children 10, no. 6 (May 26, 2023): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10060939.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to analyze the fatty acid content in human milk and to find its relationship with the growth velocity of preterm infants. Mature milk samples from 15 mothers of preterm infants were collected from three different hospitals, followed by lipid extraction, fatty acid methylation, and finally gas chromatography analysis to determine the fatty acids composition. The average total lipid content was 3.61 ± 1.57 g/100 mL with the following classes of fatty acids: saturated fatty acids 43.54 ± 11.16%, unsaturated fatty acids 52.22 ± 10.89%, in which monounsaturated fatty acids were 36.52 ± 13.90%, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 15.70 ± 7.10%. Polyunsaturated fatty acid sub-class n-6 was 15.23 ± 8.23% and n-3 was 0.46 ± 0.18%. Oleic acid, palmitic acid, and linoleic acid were the most abundant fatty acids. The n-6/n-3 ratio was 32.83:1. EPA and DHA fatty acids were not detected. As gestational age and birth weight increase, C20:2n6 content increases. The growth velocity increases with the decrement in C16 and increment in C20:2n6. The lipid profile of preterm human milk was found to be low in some essential fatty acids, which may affect the quality of preterm infants’ nutrition.
20
Crăciun, Isabela. "Comparative Study of Liposoluble Vitamins and Fatty Acids from Sea Buckthorn Oil, Wheat Germ Oil and Fish Oil." Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series E: Food Technology 22, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aucft-2018-0016.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract An important role in human nutrition is played by fats, both of plant and animal origin. Fats are a category of foods rich in liposoluble vitamins and fatty acids. They are widely used in nutrition, in cosmetics, in the content of creams as well as in pharmaceutical products, in the form of dietary supplements, such as capsules with oils rich in fatty acids and the addition of liposoluble vitamins. The objective of this paper was to study the content in vitamins and fatty oils of two vegetable oils (wheat germ and sea buckthorn oils) and an animal oil (fish oil). The results show that these oils are rich in liposoluble vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids. Hence, these oils can be used successfully in daily nutrition as substitutes for synthetic vitamins.
21
Pietrzak-Fiećko, Renata, and Anna M. Kamelska-Sadowska. "The Comparison of Nutritional Value of Human Milk with Other Mammals’ Milk." Nutrients 12, no. 5 (May 14, 2020): 1404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051404.
Full textAbstract:
(1) Background: The variation in the concentration of different components found in milk depends on mammalian species, genetic, physiological, nutritional factors, and environmental conditions. Here, we analyse, for the first time, the content of different components (cholesterol concentration and fatty acids composition as well as the overall fat and mineral content determined using the same analytical methods) in milk of different mammal species. (2) Methods: The samples (n = 52) of human, cow, sheep, goat and mare milk were analyzed in triplicate for: cholesterol concentration, fatty acids profile and fat and mineral content (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc). (3) Results: The highest fat content was reported in sheep milk (7.10 ± 3.21 g/dL). The highest cholesterol concentration was observed in bovine (20.58 ± 4.21 mg/dL) and sheep milk (17.07 ± 1.18 mg/dL). The saturated fatty acids were the lowest in human milk (46.60 ± 7.88% of total fatty acids). Goat milk had the highest zinc (0.69 ± 0.17 mg/dL), magnesium (17.30 ± 2.70 mg/dL) and potassium (183.60 ± 17.20 mg/dL) content. Sheep milk had the highest sodium (52.10 ± 3.20 mg/dL) and calcium (181.70 ± 17.20 mg/dL) concentration values. (4) Conclusions: The differences in nutritional value of milk could be perceived as a milk profile marker, helping to choose the best food for human nutrition.
22
Criswell, Rachel L., Nina Iszatt, Hans Demmelmair, Talat Bashir Ahmed, Berthold V. Koletzko, Virissa C. Lenters, and Merete Å. Eggesbø. "Predictors of Human Milk Fatty Acids and Associations with Infant Growth in a Norwegian Birth Cohort." Nutrients 14, no. 18 (September 17, 2022): 3858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14183858.
Full textAbstract:
Triglyceride-bound fatty acids constitute the majority of lipids in human milk and may affect infant growth. We describe the composition of fatty acids in human milk, identify predictors, and investigate associations between fatty acids and infant growth using data from the Norwegian Human Milk Study birth cohort. In a subset of participants (n = 789, 30% of cohort), oversampled for overweight and obesity, we analyzed milk concentrations of detectable fatty acids. We modelled percent composition of fatty acids in relation to maternal body mass index, pregnancy weight gain, parity, smoking, delivery mode, gestational age, fish intake, and cod liver oil intake. We assessed the relation between fatty acids and infant growth from 0 to 6 months. Of the factors tested, excess pregnancy weight gain was positively associated with monounsaturated fatty acids and inversely associated with stearic acid. Multiparity was negatively associated with monounsaturated fatty acids and n-3 fatty acids while positively associated with stearic acid. Gestational age was inversely associated with myristic acid. Medium-chain saturated fatty acids were inversely associated with infant growth, and mono-unsaturated fatty acids, particularly oleic acid, were associated with an increased odds of rapid growth. Notably, excessive maternal weight gain was associated with cis-vaccenic acid, which was further associated with a threefold increased risk of rapid infant growth (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.2–6.6), suggesting that monounsaturated fatty acids in milk may play a role in the intergenerational transmission of obesity.
23
Wolfram, Günther, Angela Bechthold, Heiner Boeing, Sabine Ellinger, Hans Hauner, Anja Kroke, Eva Leschik-Bonnet, et al. "Evidence-Based Guideline of the German Nutrition Society: Fat Intake and Prevention of Selected Nutrition-Related Diseases." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 67, no. 3 (2015): 141–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000437243.
Full textAbstract:
As nutrition-related chronic diseases have become more and more frequent, the importance of dietary prevention has also increased. Dietary fat plays a major role in human nutrition, and modification of fat and/or fatty acid intake could have a preventive potential. The aim of the guideline of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) was to systematically evaluate the evidence for the prevention of the widespread diseases obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipoproteinaemia, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and cancer through the intake of fat or fatty acids. The main results can be summarized as follows: it was concluded with convincing evidence that a reduced intake of total and saturated fat as well as a larger intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) at the expense of saturated fatty acids (SFA) reduces the concentration of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma. Furthermore, there is convincing evidence that a high intake of trans fatty acids increases risk of dyslipoproteinaemia and that a high intake of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids reduces the triglyceride concentration in plasma. A high fat intake increases the risk of obesity with probable evidence when total energy intake is not controlled for (ad libitum diet). When energy intake is controlled for, there is probable evidence for no association between fat intake and risk of obesity. A larger intake of PUFA at the expense of SFA reduces risk of CHD with probable evidence. Furthermore, there is probable evidence that a high intake of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids reduces risk of hypertension and CHD. With probable evidence, a high trans fatty acid intake increases risk of CHD. The practical consequences for current dietary recommendations are described at the end of this article.
24
Sefer, Dragan, Stamen Radulovic, Dejan Peric, Matija Sefer, Lazar Makivic, Svetlana Grdovic, and Radmila Markovic. "Domestic chicken omega 3 – a product for promoting human health." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 854, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/854/1/012081.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Literature data show that the relationship between two groups of polyunsaturated fatty acids in diet, omega 3 acids, whose basic representative is a-linolenic acid (C18: 3 n-3), and omega 6 acids, whose basic representative is linoleic acid (C18: 2 n-6), has a significant role in development of cardiovascular diseases in humans. The optimal ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 fatty acids is around 4:1. In monogastric animals, the fatty acids in feed are absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract largely unchanged. This means the fatty acid profile of the animal’s diet directly reflects the fatty acid profile of the tissue. The daily intake of unsaturated fatty acids can be increased by an adequate animal nutrition strategy. Flaxseed contains ten times more unsaturated (32.26%) than saturated (3.66%) fatty acids. The largest amount of unsaturated fatty acids (about 70%) is a-linolenic acid (ALA), which is a precursor of the entire omega 3 series of fatty acids, and which makes flaxseed an ideal raw material for the production of a wide range of omega 3 enriched products. In order to obtain chicken meat rich in omega 3, an experiment was organized with a specific diet for broilers at fattening. Thanks to the designed animal feed, it was possible to get products (meat, breast, drumstick, liver, subcutaneous fat) with significantly higher amounts of omega 3 fatty acids compared to the same products obtained from broilers fed with conventional mixtures, or with almost the ideal ratio between omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids.
25
Ouédraogo, Elisabeth Rakiswendé, Kiessoun Konaté, Abdoudramane Sanou, Hemayoro Sama, Ella Wendinpuikondo Rakèta Compaoré, Oksana Sytar, Adama Hilou, Marian Brestic, and Mamoudou Hama Dicko. "Assessing the Quality of Burkina Faso Soybeans Based on Fatty Acid Composition and Pesticide Residue Contamination." Molecules 27, no. 19 (September 23, 2022): 6260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196260.
Full textAbstract:
Soybean is widely used in the food industry because of its high fatty acid and protein content. However, the increased use of pesticides to control pests during cultivation, in addition to being a public health concern, may influence the nutritional quality of soybeans. This study aimed to assess the nutritional quality of soybeans with respect to fatty acid profile and pesticide residue contamination. The levels of fatty acids and pesticides in soybean varieties G196 and G197 were determined by gas chromatography and by the QuEChERS method, respectively. The results showed a significant variation in the quantitative and qualitative fatty acid composition of the two varieties, with 18.03 g/100 g and 4 fatty acids detected for the G196 variety and 21.35 g/100 g and 7 fatty acids for the G197 variety, respectively. In addition, 12 active pesticide compounds were found, and among them, imazalil, quintozene, cyfluthrin and lindane exceeded their maximum limits. The G197 variety had a better nutritional profile compared to G196. The profile of fatty acids and the content of pesticide residues were used as important determinants for soybean utilization in human nutrition.
26
Steffens, Werner. "Fish: important source of essential fatty acids for human nutrition." Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology 7, no. 6 (2018): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jamb.2018.07.00223.
Full text
27
Innis, Sheila M. "Essential fatty acid requirements in human nutrition." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 71, no. 9 (September 1, 1993): 699–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y93-104.
Full textAbstract:
Arachidonic acid (20:4ω−6) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6ω−3) are major acyl components of cell membrane phospholipids, and are particularly enriched in the nonmyelin membranes of the central nervous system. Dietary deficiency of linoleic acid (18:2ω−6) and linolenic acid (18:3ω−3) during development has been shown to result in reduced levels of 20:4ω−6 and 22:6ω−3 in the developing central nervous system, and this has been associated with altered learning behaviour and visual function. Synthesis of 20:4ω−6 and 22:6ω−3 depends on the dietary intake of 18:2ω−6 and 18:3ω−3, respectively, and the activity of the fatty acid desaturase–elongase enzymes. Oxidation of 18:2ω−6 and 18:3ω−3 for energy, or direct acylation of 18:2ω−6 into triglycerides, cholesteryl esters, and phospholipids, could also influence the amount of 20:4ω−6 and 22:6ω−3 formed. The tissue levels of 20:4ω−6 and 22:6ω−3, or other (ω − 6) and (ω − 3) fatty acids, compatible with optimum growth and development or health are not known. The amount of preformed 22:6ω−3 in the diet of adults, infants fed various milks or formulae, or animals is reflected in the circulating lipid levels of 22:6ω−3. Human milk levels of (ω − 6) and (ω − 3) fatty acids vary, depending in part on the mother's diet. A valid, scientific approach to extrapolate dietary essential fatty acid requirements from the composition of human milk or the circulating lipids of infants fed different diets has not been agreed on. Current data suggest that fatty acid requirements for development of term-gestation piglet brain and retina are met with 5.0% dietary kcal (1 cal = 4.1868 J) 18:2ω−6 and > 1.0% kcal 18:3ω−3, As in rodents and non-human primates, a diet source of 20:4ω−6 and 22:6ω−3 does not seem essential for the developing piglet central nervous system. However, studies in very premature infants suggest these infants may benefit from a dietary source of 20:4ω−6 and 22:6ω−3. Whether the low 20:4ω−6 and 22:6ω−3 status is due to oxidation of 18:2ω−6 and 18:3ω−3 for energy, the effects of early intravenous feeding with lipid emulsions, rapid growth, or immaturity of physiological or metabolic pathways in very preterm infants is not yet known.Key words: linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, brain, retina.
28
Lee, Hyungjae, and Woo Jung Park. "Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Desaturases, and Human Health." Journal of Medicinal Food 17, no. 2 (February 2014): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2013.2917.
Full text
29
Kronberga, Maija, and Daina Kārkliņa. "Nutritional Supplements in Optimal Human Nutrition." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences 67, no. 4-5 (November 1, 2013): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2013-0068.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The basic requirements for human health and life quality improvement are wholeness, variety and moderation in food choices. In industrial countries the numbers of adipose inhabitants is constantly growing. People consume insufficiently vegetables, fruits and fish. The missing nutrients must be augmented with the help of functional foodstuffs. The objective of the study was to compare the impact of food supplements and local products rich in fibre and polyunsaturated fatty acids on the human body. The research was conducted at the Rîga Heart Consulting Room in 2010. For two months, 60 volunteers in three groups: using the food supplement “Wellness” in their diet (Wellness group), or Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) and linseeds (Linum usitatissimum L.) (Nature group) and Control group were monitored. The participants’ weight, girth, amount of glucose and level of cholesterol were measured by standard methods. Data acquired were analysed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS (level of significance P < 0.05). The cholesterol level was reduced by 14% in the Nature Group. Glucose normalised to 5.8 mmol/l. Weight of participants was reduced by 2 to 7 kg. The results show that by enriching the daily diet with food supplements, both as natural products and as a special complex, it is possible to reduce body weight, reduce cholesterol and glucose levels in the blood, and reduce the risks of obesity and coronary heart disease.
30
Sosa-Castillo, Elizabeth, Maricela Rodríguez-Cruz, and Carolina Moltó-Puigmartí. "Genomics of lactation: role of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics in the fatty acid composition of human milk." British Journal of Nutrition 118, no. 3 (August 14, 2017): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114517001854.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractHuman milk covers the infant’s nutrient requirements during the first 6 months of life. The composition of human milk progressively changes during lactation and it is influenced by maternal nutritional factors. Nowadays, it is well known that nutrients have the ability to interact with genes and modulate molecular mechanisms impacting physiological functions. This has led to a growing interest among researchers in exploring nutrition at a molecular level and to the development of two fields of study: nutrigenomics, which evaluates the influence of nutrients on gene expression, and nutrigenetics, which evaluates the heterogeneous individual response to nutrients due to genetic variation. Fatty acids are one of the nutrients most studied in relation to lactation given their biologically important roles during early postnatal life. Fatty acids modulate transcription factors involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, which in turn causes a variation in the proportion of lipids in milk. This review focuses on understanding, on the one hand, the gene transcription mechanisms activated by maternal dietary fatty acids and, on the other hand, the interaction between dietary fatty acids and genetic variation in genes involved in lipid metabolism. Both of these mechanisms affect the fatty acid composition of human milk.
31
Falch, Eva. "Physico-Chemical Properties and Nutrition of Marine Lipids." Foods 12, no. 22 (November 10, 2023): 4078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12224078.
Full text
32
Sretenovic, Lj, V. Pantelic, and Z. Novakovic. "Importance of utilization of omega-3 fatty acids in human and animal nutrition." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 25, no. 5-6-1 (2009): 439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0906439s.
Full textAbstract:
Life of modern people in urban conditions is characterized by lack of movement, which is main condition for maintenance of health, presence of large amount of additives and pesticide residua in food of plant and animal origin and polluted air and water. If the presence of oxidative stress is added as part of normal metabolism occurring during degradation of nutritive substances, when great quantity of free radicals is released, which organism in these conditions often is not capable of neutralizing, the homeostatic mechanisms are disturbed and this leads to health disturbances and even severe illnesses. In such complex living conditions, science is facing the challenge of finding out the way to prevent diseases and slow the aging process using food, primarily basic food stuffs - milk and meat, enriching them with certain substances which are of vital importance to our health. One of the ways is use of functional food which should contain not only its main nutritive value but also such ingredients which have impact on improvement of general health condition, i.e. they have preventive and therapy effect. In this paper, a review of the significance of omega-3 fatty acids in human nutrition is presented. As essential substances they cannot be synthesized in the organism, but have to be introduced through diet. Also, the significance of some essential omega-6 fatty acids as well as their mutual relation, are presented. The role of omega-3 fatty acids in animal nutrition is also pointed out in this paper, introduced or consumed by animals either by grazing or as diet supplement, which influence improvement of their production, reproduction and health performances.
33
Oteng, Antwi-Boasiako, and Sander Kersten. "Mechanisms of Action of trans Fatty Acids." Advances in Nutrition 11, no. 3 (November 29, 2019): 697–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmz125.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Human studies have established a positive association between the intake of industrial trans fatty acids and the development of cardiovascular diseases, leading several countries to enact laws that restrict the presence of industrial trans fatty acids in food products. However, trans fatty acids cannot be completely eliminated from the human diet since they are also naturally present in meat and dairy products of ruminant animals. Moreover, bans on industrial trans fatty acids have not yet been instituted in all countries. The epidemiological evidence against trans fatty acids by far overshadows mechanistic insights that may explain how trans fatty acids achieve their damaging effects. This review focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the deleterious effects of trans fatty acids by juxtaposing effects of trans fatty acids against those of cis-unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids (SFAs). This review also carefully explores the argument that ruminant trans fatty acids have differential effects from industrial trans fatty acids. Overall, in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate that industrial trans fatty acids promote inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, although to a lesser degree than SFAs, whereas cis-unsaturated fatty acids are protective against ER stress and inflammation. Additionally, industrial trans fatty acids promote fat storage in the liver at the expense of adipose tissue compared with cis-unsaturated fatty acids and SFAs. In cultured hepatocytes and adipocytes, industrial trans fatty acids, but not cis-unsaturated fatty acids or SFAs, stimulate the cholesterol synthesis pathway by activating sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) 2–mediated gene regulation. Interestingly, although industrial and ruminant trans fatty acids show similar effects on human plasma lipoproteins, in preclinical models, only industrial trans fatty acids promote inflammation, ER stress, and cholesterol synthesis. Overall, clearer insight into the molecular mechanisms of action of trans fatty acids may create new therapeutic windows for the treatment of diseases characterized by disrupted lipid metabolism.
34
Sergeant, Susan, Ingo Ruczinski, Priscilla Ivester, Tammy C. Lee, Timothy M. Morgan, Barbara J. Nicklas, Rasika A. Mathias, and Floyd H. Chilton. "Impact of methods used to express levels of circulating fatty acids on the degree and direction of associations with blood lipids in humans." British Journal of Nutrition 115, no. 2 (November 30, 2015): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515004341.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractNumerous studies have examined relationships between disease biomarkers (such as blood lipids) and levels of circulating or cellular fatty acids. In such association studies, fatty acids have typically been expressed as the percentage of a particular fatty acid relative to the total fatty acids in a sample. Using two human cohorts, this study examined relationships between blood lipids (TAG, and LDL, HDL or total cholesterol) and circulating fatty acids expressed either as a percentage of total or as concentration in serum. The direction of the correlation between stearic acid, linoleic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and DHA and circulating TAG reversed when fatty acids were expressed as concentrationsv. a percentage of total. Similar reversals were observed for these fatty acids when examining their associations with the ratio of total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol. This reversal pattern was replicated in serum samples from both human cohorts. The correlations between blood lipids and fatty acids expressed as a percentage of total could be mathematically modelled from the concentration data. These data reveal that the different methods of expressing fatty acids lead to dissimilar correlations between blood lipids and certain fatty acids. This study raises important questions about how such reversals in association patterns impact the interpretation of numerous association studies evaluating fatty acids and their relationships with disease biomarkers or risk.
35
Mwendwa, Rachel, Michael Wawire, and Peter Kahenya. "Potential for Use of Seaweed as a Fish Feed Ingredient: A Review." Journal of Agricultural Science 15, no. 2 (January 15, 2023): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n2p96.
Full textAbstract:
Seaweeds, also known as macroalgae are marine plants used widely as food and applied in other food allied industries, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and agrochemical industries. Their production has increased over the years with advancement in identification and cultivation of different seaweed species. Over the years seaweeds have been explored as a food due to their nutrition value and bioactive compounds that are beneficial to human nutrition and health. With this principle, seaweeds can also be used as feed ingredient in aqua feeds especially due to the fact that it is a source of omega-3 and hence can be used as an alternative to fish oil whose supply has declined. Studies have shown that polyunsaturated fatty acids which are important in fish nutrition can account for about 50% of total fatty acids in seaweeds. In addition to being a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, seaweeds provide protein and minerals, vitamins. They are also characterized with high levels of protein rich in all the amino acids relative to some higher plant-based protein crops like soya bean.
This review, therefore, aims to look at the potential of seaweed as an aqua feed ingredient with the emphasis on the nutritional characteristics.
36
Salter, A. M. "Animal fats and human health." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200013727.
Full textAbstract:
In 1991 it was recommended that total fat intake in the UK should be reduced to a population average of less that 33% of total daily energy intake and that saturated fatty acids should contribute no more than 10% of total energy (Department of Health, 1991). A further recommendation was that the intake of trans fatty acids should not exceed 2% of total energy. These recommendations were made primarily on the basis of the influence of fatty acids on plasma cholesterol and thereby on the development of cardiovascular disease. While associations of fat intake with other chronic diseases such as cancer, obesity and diabetes have also been suggested, it was felt that there was insufficient evidence to make specific recommendations on the basis of such claims. A reduction in saturated fat intake has remained a central target of public health nutrition within the United Kingdom ever since. Despite concerted efforts, particularly throughout the 1990s., to achieve these targets little progress has been made. In 2000, total fat intake remained at 38% and saturated fatty acid intake at 15% (DEFRA, 2001).
37
Shingfield, Kevin J. "Nutritional regulation of milk fatty acid composition." Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, no. 23 (January 31, 2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.75850.
Full textAbstract:
There is increasing evidence that nutrition plays an important role in the development of chronic diseases in the human population including cancer, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and obesity. Developing foods that enhance human health is central to dietary approaches for preventing and reducing the economic and social impact of chronic disease. Numerous studies in human subjects have implicated a high consumption of medium-chain (12:0-16:0) saturated fatty acids (SFA) and trans fatty acids (TFA) as risk factors for cardiovascular disease risk, with emerging evidence of a possible role in the development of insulin resistance and inflammation. Milk and dairy products are a major source of 12:0, 14:0, 16:0 and TFA in the human diet. However, developing public health policies promoting a decrease in milk, cheese and butter consumption ignores the value of these foods as a versatile source of nutrients and bioactive lipids, including 4:0, branch-chain fatty acids, cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), vitamins A and D, β-carotene and sphingomyelin. Therefore, altering milk fatty acid composition through sustainable, environmental and welfare acceptable means is an integral component of an overall strategy for preventing human chronic disease. Nutrition is the major environmental factor regulating milk fat composition. Strategies for enhancing the nutritional value of milk fat have been directed towards reducing the proportion of 12:0, 14:0 and 16:0, increasing cis monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content and/or enhancing the concentration of bioactive lipids. Formulation of diets to alter milk fat composition to meet these targets typically involves 1) inclusion of plant oils and oilseeds, 2) supplements of marine lipids, 3) increasing the proportion of dietary energy derived from fresh grass, 4) replacing ensiled grass, maize or whole-crop cereal with forage legumes or 5) inclusion of rumen-protected lipids in the diet. Nutritional strategies for reducing 12:0, 14:0 and 16:0 and enhancing cis-MUFA in milk fat are dependent on increasing the supply of C18 or longer-chain fatty acids to inhibit mammary de novo fatty acid synthesis. Due to incomplete metabolism of dietary unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen, inclusion of oils or oilseeds in the diet also increases milk fat TFA content. Both the concentration and distribution of TFA isomers in milk is dependent on the amount and type of lipid supplement fed, composition of the basal diet and interactions between these factors. Altering the diet of lactating cows can be used as a means to significantly enrich milk fat cis-9, trans-11 CLA content. Increases in the concentration of CLA in milk are reliant, in the most part, on enhancing ruminal trans-11 18:1 outflow for endogenous cis-9, trans-11 CLA synthesis in the mammary gland. The potential to increase n-3 fatty acids in milk is relatively limited. Inclusion of fresh or ensiled red clover in the ruminant diet significantly increases 18:3 n-3 content, while increases in milk 20:5 n-3 and 22:6 n-3 concentrations to marine lipid supplements is relatively limited due to extensive ruminal metabolism of n-3 PUFA. Greater enrichment of 20:5 n-3, 22:5 n-3 and 22:6 n-3 in milk can be achieved using rumen-protected fish oil supplements. Overall, recent research has highlighted the important role of nutrition in attempts to modify milk fat composition for improved long-term human health.
38
Bravi, Francesca, Matteo Di Maso, Simone R. B. M. Eussen, Carlo Agostoni, Guglielmo Salvatori, Claudio Profeti, Paola Tonetto, et al. "Dietary Patterns of Breastfeeding Mothers and Human Milk Composition: Data from the Italian MEDIDIET Study." Nutrients 13, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 1722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051722.
Full textAbstract:
(1) Background: Several studies have reported associations between maternal diet in terms of single foods or nutrients and human milk compounds, while the overall role of maternal diet and related dietary patterns has rarely been investigated. (2) Methods: Between 2012 and 2014, we enrolled 300 healthy Italian mothers, who exclusively breastfed their infant. During a hospital visit at 6 weeks postpartum, a sample of freshly expressed foremilk was collected and information on maternal dietary habits in the postpartum period was obtained through an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire. We applied principal component factor analysis to selected nutrients in order to identify maternal dietary patterns, and assessed correlations in human milk macronutrients and fatty acids across levels of dietary patterns. (3) Results: Five dietary patterns were identified, named “Vitamins, minerals and fibre”, “Proteins and fatty acids with legs”, “Fatty acids with fins”, “Fatty acids with leaves”, “Starch and vegetable proteins”. These dietary patterns were correlated with some milk components, namely fatty acids, and in particular ω-3 and its subcomponents. (4) Conclusions: This study showed that overall maternal dietary habits during breastfeeding may influence human milk composition, suggesting the importance of adequate maternal nutrition during lactation not only for the mother herself but also to provide the infant with milk containing adequate amount and quality of nutrients for a balanced nutrition.
39
Silveira, Rita C., Andrea L. Corso, and Renato S. Procianoy. "The Influence of Early Nutrition on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants." Nutrients 15, no. 21 (November 1, 2023): 4644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15214644.
Full textAbstract:
Premature infants, given their limited reserves, heightened energy requirements, and susceptibility to nutritional deficits, require specialized care. Aim: To examine the complex interplay between nutrition and neurodevelopment in premature infants, underscoring the critical need for tailored nutritional approaches to support optimal brain growth and function. Data sources: PubMed and MeSH and keywords: preterm, early nutrition, macronutrients, micronutrients, human milk, human milk oligosaccharides, probiotics AND neurodevelopment or neurodevelopment outcomes. Recent articles were selected according to the authors’ judgment of their relevance. Specific nutrients, including macro (amino acids, glucose, and lipids) and micronutrients, play an important role in promoting neurodevelopment. Early and aggressive nutrition has shown promise, as has recognizing glucose as the primary energy source for the developing brain. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as DHA, contribute to brain maturation, while the benefits of human milk, human milk oligosaccharides, and probiotics on neurodevelopment via the gut-brain axis are explored. This intricate interplay between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system highlights human milk oligosaccharides’ role in early brain maturation. Conclusions: Individualized nutritional approaches and comprehensive nutrient strategies are paramount to enhancing neurodevelopment in premature infants, underscoring human milk’s potential as the gold standard of nutrition for preterm infants.
40
Koletzko, Berthold. "Human Milk Lipids." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 69, Suppl. 2 (2016): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000452819.
Full textAbstract:
Human milk lipids provide the infant with energy and essential vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and bioactive components. Adding complex lipids and milk fat globule membranes to vegetable oil-based infant formula has the potential to enhance infant development and reduce infections. Cholesterol provision with breastfeeding modulates infant sterol metabolism and may induce long-term benefits. Some 98-99% of milk lipids are comprised by triacylglycerols, whose properties depend on incorporated fatty acids. Attention has been devoted to the roles of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids docosahexaenoic (DHA) and arachidonic (ARA) acids. Recent studies on gene-diet interaction (Mendelian randomization) show that breastfeeding providing DHA and ARA improves cognitive development and reduces asthma risk at school age particularly in those children with a genetically determined lower activity of DHA and ARA synthesis. It appears prudent to follow the biological model of human milk in the design of infant formula as far as feasible, unless conclusive evidence for the suitability and safety of other choices is available. The recent European Union legislative stipulation of a high formula DHA content without required ARA deviates from this concept, and such a novel formula composition has not been adequately evaluated. Great future opportunities arise with significant methodological progress for example in lipidomic analyses and their bioinformatic evaluation, which should enhance understanding of the biology of human milk lipids. Such knowledge might lead to improved dietary advice to lactating mothers as well as to further opportunities to enhance infant formula composition.
41
Knapp, H. R. "Dietary fatty acids in human thrombosis and hemostasis." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 65, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 1687S—1698S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/65.5.1687s.
Full text
42
Innis, Sheila M. "Human milk: maternal dietary lipids and infant development." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 66, no. 3 (July 16, 2007): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665107005666.
Full textAbstract:
Human milk provides all the dietary essential fatty acids, linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3), as well as their longer-chain more-unsaturated metabolites, including arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and DHA (22:6n-3) to support the growth and development of the breast-fed infant. Human milk levels of LA have increased in Westernized nations from mean levels (g/100 g total fatty acids) of 6 to 12–16 over the last century, paralleling the increase in dietary intake of LA-rich vegetable oils. DHA levels (g/100 g total milk fatty acids) vary from <0·1 to >1% and are lowest in countries in which the intake of DHA from fish and other animal tissue lipids is low. The role of DHA in infant nutrition is of particular importance because DHA is accumulated specifically in the membrane lipids of the brain and retina, where it is important to visual and neural function. An important question is the extent to which many human diets that contain low amounts of n-3 fatty acids may compromise human development. The present paper reviews current knowledge on maternal diet and human milk fatty acids, the implications of maternal diet as the only source of essential fatty acids for infant development both before and after birth, and recent studies addressing the maternal intakes and milk DHA levels associated with risk of low infant neural system maturation.
43
Hodson, Leanne. "Hepatic fatty acid synthesis and partitioning: the effect of metabolic and nutritional state." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 78, no. 1 (November 20, 2018): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665118002653.
Full textAbstract:
When we consume dietary fat, a series of complex metabolic processes ensures that fatty acids are absorbed, transported around the body and used/stored appropriately. The liver is a central metabolic organ within the human body and has a major role in regulating fat and carbohydrate metabolism. Studying hepatic metabolism in human subjects is challenging; the use of stable isotope tracers and measurement of particles or molecules secreted by the liver such as VLDL-TAG and 3-hydroxybutyrate offers the best insight into postprandial hepatic fatty acid metabolism in human subjects. Diet derived fatty acids are taken up by the liver and mix with fatty acids coming from the lipolysis of adipose tissue, and those already present in the liver (cytosolic TAG) and fatty acids synthesised de novo within the liver from non-lipid precursors (known as de novo lipogenesis). Fatty acids are removed from the liver by secretion as VLDL-TAG and oxidation. Perturbations in these processes have the potential to impact on metabolic health. Whether fatty acids are partitioned towards oxidation or esterification pathways appears to be dependent on a number of metabolic factors; not least ambient insulin concentrations. Moreover, along with the phenotype and lifestyle factors (e.g. habitual diet) of an individual, it is becoming apparent that the composition of the diet (macronutrient and fatty acid composition) may play pivotal roles in determining if intra-hepatic fat accumulates, although what remains to be elucidated is the influence these nutrients have on intra-hepatic fatty acid synthesis and partitioning.
44
Crawford, Michael, Claudio Galli, Francesco Visioli, Serge Renaud, Artemis P. Simopoulos, and Arthur A. Spector. "Role of Plant-Derived Omega–3 Fatty Acids in Human Nutrition." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 44, no. 5-6 (2000): 263–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000046694.
Full text
45
Touliabah, Hussein El-Sayed, and Adel W. Almutairi. "Effect of Phytohormones Supplementation under Nitrogen Depletion on Biomass and Lipid Production of Nannochloropsis oceanica for Integrated Application in Nutrition and Biodiesel." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020592.
Full textAbstract:
Economic viability of biodiesel production relies mainly on the productivity of biomass and microalgal lipids. In addition, production of omega fatty acids is favorable for human nutrition. Thus, enhancement of lipid accumulation with high proportion of omega fatty acids could help the dual use of microalgal lipids in human nutrition and biodiesel production through biorefinery. In that context, phytohormones have been identified as a promising factor to increase biomass and lipids production. However, nitrogen limitation has been discussed as a potential tool for lipid accumulation in microalgae, which results in simultaneous growth retardation. The present study aims to investigate the combined effect of N-depletion and 3-Indoleacetic acid (IAA) supplementation on lipid accumulation of the marine eustigmatophyte Nannochloropsis oceanica as one of the promising microalgae for omega fatty acids production. The study confirmed that N-starvation stimulates the lipid content of N. oceanica. IAA enhanced both growth and lipid accumulation due to enhancement of pigments biosynthesis. Therefore, combination effect of IAA and nitrogen depletion showed gradual increase in the dry weight compared to the control. Lipid analysis showed lower quantity of saturated fatty acids (SFA, 26.25%) than the sum of monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Under N-depletion, SFA decreased by 12.98% compared to the control, which recorded much reduction by increasing of IAA concentration. Reduction of SFA was in favor of PUFA, mainly omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids which increased significantly due to IAA combined with N-depletion. Thus, the present study suggests a biorefinery approach for lipids extracted from N. oceanica for dual application in nutrition followed by biodiesel production.
46
Touliabah, Hussein El-Sayed, and Adel W. Almutairi. "Effect of Phytohormones Supplementation under Nitrogen Depletion on Biomass and Lipid Production of Nannochloropsis oceanica for Integrated Application in Nutrition and Biodiesel." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020592.
Full textAbstract:
Economic viability of biodiesel production relies mainly on the productivity of biomass and microalgal lipids. In addition, production of omega fatty acids is favorable for human nutrition. Thus, enhancement of lipid accumulation with high proportion of omega fatty acids could help the dual use of microalgal lipids in human nutrition and biodiesel production through biorefinery. In that context, phytohormones have been identified as a promising factor to increase biomass and lipids production. However, nitrogen limitation has been discussed as a potential tool for lipid accumulation in microalgae, which results in simultaneous growth retardation. The present study aims to investigate the combined effect of N-depletion and 3-Indoleacetic acid (IAA) supplementation on lipid accumulation of the marine eustigmatophyte Nannochloropsis oceanica as one of the promising microalgae for omega fatty acids production. The study confirmed that N-starvation stimulates the lipid content of N. oceanica. IAA enhanced both growth and lipid accumulation due to enhancement of pigments biosynthesis. Therefore, combination effect of IAA and nitrogen depletion showed gradual increase in the dry weight compared to the control. Lipid analysis showed lower quantity of saturated fatty acids (SFA, 26.25%) than the sum of monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Under N-depletion, SFA decreased by 12.98% compared to the control, which recorded much reduction by increasing of IAA concentration. Reduction of SFA was in favor of PUFA, mainly omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids which increased significantly due to IAA combined with N-depletion. Thus, the present study suggests a biorefinery approach for lipids extracted from N. oceanica for dual application in nutrition followed by biodiesel production.
47
Popyk, Аndrii, Viktoriia Kyslychenko, and Viktoriia Velma. "The study of the fatty acid composition of common lilac flowers of “Madame Lemoine” variety." ScienceRise: Biological Science, no. 2(27) (June 30, 2021): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2519-8025.2021.235525.
Full textAbstract:
An important place in human nutrition is occupied by omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 fatty acids (FA). They have different effects on the human body and play a significant role in the appearance and the course of some diseases (for example, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, cancer, obesity, etc.).
The aim. To study the qualitative composition and the quantitative content of fatty acids in Common Lilac (Syringa vulgaris) flowers of “Madame Lemoine” variety.
Materials and methods. The fatty acid composition was studied by gas chromatography based on the formation of methyl esters of fatty acids and their subsequent determination.
Results and discussion. The presence and the quantitative content of 15 fatty acids have been determined. Among them, 13 FA have been identified, namely 6 saturated fatty acids and 7 unsaturated fatty acids. The total amount of saturated fatty acids (54.65 %) significantly predominates over unsaturated fatty acids (34.81 %). Palmitic acid dominates among saturated FA (39.83 %). Linoleic acid has the highest percent among unsaturated FA (13.75 %).
Conclusions. For the first time the composition of fatty acids in Common Lilac flowers of “Madame Lemoine” variety has been studied. The raw material accumulates saturated fatty acids in a significant number. Palmitic acid (C 16 : 0) – 39.83 % and linoleic acid (C 18 : 2) – 13.75 % are the dominant acids
48
Mitoulas, Leon R., Lyle C. Gurrin, Dorota A. Doherty, Jillian L. Sherriff, and Peter E. Hartmann. "Infant intake of fatty acids from human milk over the first year of lactation." British Journal of Nutrition 90, no. 5 (November 2003): 979–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2003979.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the importance of human milk fatty acids for infant growth and development, there are few reports describing infant intakes of individual fatty acids. We have measured volume, fat content and fatty acid composition of milk from each breast at each feed over a 24h period to determine the mean daily amounts of each fatty acid delivered to the infant from breast milk at 1, 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months of lactation in five women. Daily (24h) milk production was 336·60 (sem 26·21) and 414·49 (sem 28·39) ml and milk fat content was 36·06 (sem 1·37) and 34·97 (sem 1·50) g/l for left and right breasts respectively over the course of the first year of lactation. Fatty acid composition varied over the course of the day (mean CV 14·3 (sd 7·7) %), but did not follow a circadian rhythm. The proportions (g/100g total fatty acids) of fatty acids differed significantly between mothers (P<0·05) and over the first year of lactation (P<0·05). However, amounts (g) of most fatty acids delivered to the infant over 24h did not differ during the first year of lactation and only the amounts of 18:3n-3, 22:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 delivered differed between mothers (P<0·05). Mean amounts of 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3, 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 delivered to the infant per 24h over the first year of lactation were 2·380 (sd 0·980), 0·194 (sd 0·074), 0·093 (sd 0·031) and 0·049 (sd 0·021) g respectively. These results suggest that variation in proportions of fatty acids may not translate to variation in the amount delivered and that milk production and fat content need to be considered.
49
Melanson, Kathleen J. "Nutrition Review: Diet, Nutrition, and Osteoarthritis." American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 1, no. 4 (July 2007): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827607302033.
Full textAbstract:
Despite abundant lay claims regarding diet, nutrients, and osteoarthritis (OA), scientific study on these relationships is in its early stages. The strongest risk factor for OA, particularly of the knee, is overweight and obesity. Initial weight loss studies for the treatment of OA have shown promising results, but longer-term trials are needed. Potential roles of specific nutrients in OA prevention and treatment are under study, but to date, results are somewhat less clear. The ratio of dietary omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids has been proposed to be related to OA because they are precursors of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids and cytokines, respectively. However, human data are lacking to substantiate this relationship. Low serum levels of some vitamins, such as C and D, have been associated with OA in epidemiological research, but much more work must be conducted to understand the roles of these and other vitamins in OA prevention and treatment. Biological plausibility exists for the protective properties of antioxidants against OA, so continued research to assist in making specific dietary recommendations with respect to these is needed for OA patients. As the study of diet, nutrients, and OA evolves, it is prudent for practitioners to stay abreast of the research so that they can address patients' questions and recommend diets with adequate omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants while avoiding megadoses.
50
Salem, Norman, and Peter Van Dael. "Arachidonic Acid in Human Milk." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030626.
Full textAbstract:
Breastfeeding is universally recommended as the optimal choice of infant feeding and consequently human milk has been extensively investigated to unravel its unique nutrient profile. The human milk lipid composition is unique and supplies specifically long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), in particular, arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n–6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n–3). Arachidonic acid (ARA) is the most predominant long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in human milk, albeit at low concentrations as compared to other fatty acids. It occurs predominantly in the triglyceride form and to a lesser extent as milk fat globule membrane phospholipids. Human milk ARA levels are modulated by dietary intake as demonstrated by animal and human studies and consequently vary dependent on dietary habits among mothers and regions across the globe. ARA serves as a precursor to eicosanoids and endocannabinoids that also occur in human milk. A review of scientific and clinical studies reveals that ARA plays an important role in physiological development and its related functions during early life nutrition. Therefore, ARA is an important nutrient during infancy and childhood and, as such, appropriate attention is required regarding its nutritional status and presence in the infant diet. Data are emerging indicating considerable genetic variation in encoding for desaturases and other essential fatty acid metabolic enzymes that may influence the ARA level as well as other LC-PUFAs. Human milk from well-nourished mothers has adequate levels of both ARA and DHA to support nutritional and developmental needs of infants. In case breastfeeding is not possible and infant formula is being fed, experts recommend that both ARA and DHA are added at levels present in human milk.