Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fatty acids in human nutrition

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Fatty acids in human nutrition'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Fatty acids in human nutrition"

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Wahle, Klaus W. J. "Polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition." Trends in Food Science & Technology 4, no. 3 (March 1993): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-2244(93)90191-c.

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Jeremy, J. Y. "Polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition." Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 48, no. 2 (February 1993): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0952-3278(93)90110-i.

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Savoini, G., G. Farina, V. Dell’Orto, and D. Cattaneo. "Through ruminant nutrition to human health: role of fatty acids." Advances in Animal Biosciences 7, no. 2 (October 2016): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040470016000133.

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In the last decades, a new awareness on human nutrition has increased and the concept of ‘food’ has changed from ‘source of nutrients for body’s needs’ to ‘health promoter’. Fruits and vegetables have always been considered beneficial for human health. More recent studies have demonstrated that bioactive components are also present in animal-derived foods, such as milk and dairy products. A broader concept of ‘nutritional safety’ implies the knowledge of how the nutrients contained in animal-derived foods positively affect human health, and how to increase their content. The improvement of dairy products fatty acid (FA) composition can involve strategies in animal nutrition. This review aims to discuss the role of FAs supplementation in ameliorating milk fat composition, environmental impact and animal health. In particular, we have focused on the role of n-3 and CLA FAs and how animal nutrition strategies can positively affect both human and animal health. Several studies have demonstrated that through adequate nutritional strategies is possible to manipulate and improve FA composition of milk and derived products (cheese). Moreover, feeding animals with n-3 FAs has proved to reduce emission of methane (CH4), but further nutritional strategies are needed in order to address this crucial environmental issue. In relation to animal health, n-3 FAs have been proved to modulate immune and inflammatory response in dairy ruminants. Recent studies have addressed the potential programming effects of increased maternal n-3 polyunsaturated FAs intake on offspring’s immune functions showing that feeding bioactive FAs to pregnant animals can affect progeny health status.
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Burlingame, Barbara, Chizuru Nishida, Ricardo Uauy, and Robert Weisell. "Fats and Fatty Acids in Human Nutrition: Introduction." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 55, no. 1-3 (2009): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000228993.

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Pagnan, Antonio, and Andrea Bonanome. "Position Statement: Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Human Nutrition." Journal of the American College of Nutrition 11, sup1 (June 1992): 79S—81S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1992.10737990.

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Hayakawa, Kyoko, Yu-Yen Linko, and Pekka Linko. "The role oftrans fatty acids in human nutrition." European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 102, no. 6 (June 2000): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1438-9312(200006)102:6<419::aid-ejlt419>3.0.co;2-y.

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Beare-Rogers, J. L., A. Dieffenbacher, and J. V. Holm. "Lexicon of lipid nutrition (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 73, no. 4 (January 1, 2001): 685–744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200173040685.

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The intertwining of lipid nutrition with many other disciplines makes contributions from different directions imperative. Chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, food science and technology, industrial processing, and consumer acceptance provide concepts and terms used in lipid nutrition. This document is the product of a working group comprising members of the Committee on the Biological Role of Fatty Acids in Human Nutrition of the International Union of Nutritional Sciences and of the Commission on Oils, Fats, and Derivatives of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Shorthand formulas and systematic and trivial names of some biologically important fatty acids are given in Table 1 (saturated fatty acids), Table 2 (monoenoic fatty acids), and Table 3 (polyenoic fatty acids).Fatty acid compositions of foods have been based on the data of the USDA reference that means official grade standards for agriculture of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Because foods may show large variations in their composition the figures in the annexed tables serve as guidelines only, except those of the Codex alimentarius (Tables 4 and 5), where accepted ranges of the figures are reported. Further, as these standards are in constant revision the reader may contact directly the USDA Agriculture Marketing Service for the last editions of these standards. It is evident that the explanation of the referred terms is a compromise between technological and scientific correctness and the readers' lack of interest in many of the details. But, sometimes a more exhaustive explanation is necessary. Further information then may be found in cross references, although they have been reduced to those of utmost necessity. Terms in the text where cross references are available are printed in boldfaced type. As research and science are progressing and knowledge is increasing, consequently, views on certain nutritional aspects are constantly changing, e.g., the role of essential fatty acids in human nutrition. Therefore, such a work will never be complete, and readers are invited to send their comments and observations to the authors for incorporation into a next edition.
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Janusz, Prusinski. "White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) – nutritional and health values in human nutrition – a review." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 35, No. 2 (April 29, 2017): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/114/2016-cjfs.

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White lupin seeds have been used in human nutrition and treatment for several thousand years. Nowadays the use of white lupin seeds is limited by a small scale of their production. However, in the last 20 years quite new properties of white lupin have been discovered for the application in the production of different kinds of functional food. Unique traits of protein, fatty acids with a desirable ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 acids, and fibre as well as other specific components, for example oligosaccharides and antioxidants or non-starch carbohydrates, make white lupin an excellent component in many healthy diets. The effects of white lupin components concern the physiological condition of the human body, including diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, lipid concentration, glycaemia, appetite, insulin resistance, and colorectal cancer. Seeds are used among others for the production of gluten-free flour, bacterial and fungal fermented products, noodle and pasta products, as substitutes of meat, egg protein and sausages, also are cooked, roasted and ground and mixed with cereal flour in the production of bread, crisps and pasta, crisps and dietary dishes.
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Lehtovaara, V. J., A. Valtonen, J. Sorjonen, M. Hiltunen, K. Rutaro, G. M. Malinga, P. Nyeko, and H. Roininen. "The fatty acid contents of the edible grasshopper Ruspolia differens can be manipulated using artificial diets." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 3, no. 4 (November 30, 2017): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2017.0018.

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Edible insects have been suggested as an alternative and sustainable source of fats, proteins and vitamins for humans. However, their nutritional content may largely depend on the diets offered for insects. Diet-based manipulation of fatty acids in edible insects shows promise to possibly increase their essential and long-chained polyunsaturated fatty acid content and thus further enhance human diets. We reared the edible grasshopper, Ruspolia differens, under various diets with manipulated content of fatty acids, proteins and carbohydrates. The manipulated diets dramatically altered the insects’ content and composition of fatty acids, especially the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Dietary fatty acids were stored largely unaltered in insects. Artificial diets with high content of linoleic, α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic or docosahexaenoic acids, increased the content of these fatty acids in the insect tenfold. The manipulated diets also affected the omega-6/omega-3 (n-6/n-3) fatty acid ratio and developmental performance. Lack of protein and fats in the diet prolongs the development and leads to lower final weight. To achieve required n-6/n-3 ratio for human consumption and to maximise biomass gain and weight, diverse diets with a source of n-3 fatty acids and protein should be used when rearing R. differens. These results demonstrate the potential for improving human nutrition in an effective and sustainable way by producing edible insects with designed nutritional content.
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Ramiro-Cortijo, David, Pratibha Singh, Yan Liu, Esli Medina-Morales, William Yakah, Steven D. Freedman, and Camilia R. Martin. "Breast Milk Lipids and Fatty Acids in Regulating Neonatal Intestinal Development and Protecting against Intestinal Injury." Nutrients 12, no. 2 (February 19, 2020): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020534.

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Human breast milk is the optimal source of nutrition for infant growth and development. Breast milk fats and their downstream derivatives of fatty acids and fatty acid-derived terminal mediators not only provide an energy source but also are important regulators of development, immune function, and metabolism. The composition of the lipids and fatty acids determines the nutritional and physicochemical properties of human milk fat. Essential fatty acids, including long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) and specialized pro-resolving mediators, are critical for growth, organogenesis, and regulation of inflammation. Combined data including in vitro, in vivo, and human cohort studies support the beneficial effects of human breast milk in intestinal development and in reducing the risk of intestinal injury. Human milk has been shown to reduce the occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a common gastrointestinal disease in preterm infants. Preterm infants fed human breast milk are less likely to develop NEC compared to preterm infants receiving infant formula. Intestinal development and its physiological functions are highly adaptive to changes in nutritional status influencing the susceptibility towards intestinal injury in response to pathological challenges. In this review, we focus on lipids and fatty acids present in breast milk and their impact on neonatal gut development and the risk of disease.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fatty acids in human nutrition"

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Crowe, Francesca Lee, and n/a. "A biomarker survey of the fatty acid status of New Zealanders." University of Otago. Department of Human Nutrition, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070328.162638.

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My thesis research has examined the fatty acid composition of serum triacylglycerol, phospholipid and cholesterol ester in 2793 participants who took part in the 1997 National Nutrition Survey - a national population-based survey of New Zealand adolescents and adults aged or [greater than or equal to]̲15 y. Differences in serum fatty acids by sex, age, ethnicity, body mass index and smoking - independent of dietary fat intake - were determined. Serum fatty acids were used as biomarkers of saturated and polyunsaturated fat intake to predict population serum total cholesterol concentrations. The association between n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum phospholipid and mental and physical wellbeing, as assessed by the short form-36, was determined. Serum fatty acids have been used as biological markers of fat intake and to predict the risk of disease. The fatty acid composition of serum triacylglycerol, phospholipid and cholesterol ester is subject to alteration by dietary fat but overall, is largely controlled by metabolic enzymes. Non-dietary variables - sex, age, body mass index or cigarette smoking - may influence the activity of these enzymes, which will subsequently alter the fatty acid composition but the extent to which these affect serum fatty acid composition in the general population is poorly understood. Our results showed that the proportion of docosahexaenoic acid in serum phospholipid and cholesterol ester was significantly greater in women by 0.15 and 0.02 mol%, respectively in comparison to men whereas, the proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid was significantly greater in men by 0.08 and 0.1 mol%, respectively, after adjusting for age, ethnicity, body mass index and smoking. A number of differences in the proportion of palmitoleic acid in serum triacylglycerol, phospholipid and cholesterol ester were detected; palmitoleic acid increased across the age categories in women (15-24, 25-44, 45-64 65+ y), was higher in women compared to men, New Zealand Europeans compared to New Zealand Maori and Pacific People, those with a body mass index or [greater than or equal to] 30 kg/m� compared to those with a body mass index < 25 kg/m� and in current smokers in comparison to non-smokers. In women, there was an inverse trend in the proportion of linoleic acid in serum phospholipid and cholesterol ester across the age categories. The proportion of linoleic acid in serum triacylglycerol, phospholipid and cholesterol ester was lower in smokers by 2.19, 1.04 and 0.75 mol%, respectively in comparison to non-smokers. None of these differences could be explained by a difference in dietary fat intake. Consequently, sex appears to affect the metabolism of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids independent of dietary fat intake and metabolic differences associated with age, body mass index and smoking may be at play for a number of other serum fatty acids notably, palmitoleic and linoleic acids. Evidence for a role of dietary fat as a predictor of serum cholesterol concentrations in the general population is conflicting. On one hand, results from cholesterol-lowering dietary intervention trials show unequivocally that decreasing saturated fat intake produces a meaningful reduction in serum cholesterol concentrations. On the other hand, the results of large observational studies show little association between saturated fat intake and cholesterol concentrations. The lack of association in the latter studies may result from errors in dietary assessment and therefore, using serum fatty acids as biomarkers of fat intake may overcome the limitations associated with typical dietary assessment techniques. Participants were divided into quintiles of increasing proportion of serum fatty acids. Each one SD increase in the myristic acid composition of serum cholesterol ester, triacylglycerol and phospholipid was associated with an increase in cholesterol of 0.19, 0.10 and 0.13 mmol/L, respectively after adjusting for confounding variables. The difference in cholesterol concentrations between those categorised into the highest and lowest quintiles of serum cholesterol ester myristate was 0.48 mmol/L. A one SD increase in the linoleic acid composition of serum cholesterol ester, triacylglycerol and phospholipid corresponded to a decrease in cholesterol of 0.07, 0.05 and 0.07 mmol/L, respectively. The difference in cholesterol concentrations between the 1st and 5th quintiles of serum cholesterol linoleate was 0.18 mmol/L. Intake of saturated and polyunsaturated fats, as measured using serum fatty acids, are important determinants of cholesterol concentrations in New Zealanders. It has been hypothesised that a lower intake of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, largely of marine origin, is implicated in the aetiology of depressive disorder. Results from the majority of observational studies have shown that depressed participants have a lower proportion of eicosapentaenoic or docosahexaenoic acid in phospholipids compared to controls but evidence for an improvement in depressive symptoms after supplementation with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids is conflicting. There is little known about the role that n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids may have as predictors of mental wellbeing in the general population. Participants were categorised into quintiles of increasing n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum phospholipid. There was no significant trend in self-reported mental wellbeing - the mental component score - across the quintiles of eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids or the sum of these three fatty acids after adjusting for confounding variables. There was a significant trend in the mental component score across the quintiles of the ratio of eicosapentaenoic/arachidonic acid; the difference between the highest and the lowest quintile was 6.6 points. There were significant positive trends in self-reported physical health - the physical component score - across the quintiles of eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids as well as the ratio of eicosapentaenoic/arachidonic acid ratio; the difference between the 1st and 5th quintiles were 8.6, 6.0 and 8.9 points, respectively. Overall, there appears to be little association between the n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of serum phospholipid and self-reported mental health in a population of low fish consumers; however, the proportion of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids may be an important predictor of physical wellbeing in New Zealanders.
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Hynes, Geoffrey Ronald. "Effects of dietary fatty acid composition and energy restriction on adipose tissue obese mRNA, fatty acid composition and serum leptin levels." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29442.

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Dietary fatty acid (FA) composition and energy restriction (ER) independently affect serum leptin levels; however it is not known whether this correlates with changes in obese (ob) gene expression. Herein, we assessed whether dietary FA composition and ER influence white adipose tissue (WAT) ob mRNA by Northern analysis. Animals consumed diets containing tallow (BT), safflower oil (SO) or fish oil (FO) ad libitum or at 60% ad libitum intakes. Serum leptin values were not different between levels of energy intake. ER decreased weight gain and WAT weights, which positively correlated with serum leptin values. WAT ob mRNA levels were in the rank order: FO > SO > BT in depots of all groups with ER showing a lower level of ob mRNA. Data show similarity in ob mRNA levels between depots with discordance in circulating leptin levels. These data suggest that energy restriction exerts greater control over leptin production than dietary fat source.
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Mavrommatis, Ioannis. "The effects of dietary long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on soluble epoxide hydrolase and related markers of cardiovascular health." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=56261.

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葉翠宜 and Chui-yee Yap. "Production of docosahexaenoic acid by thraustochytrium SP. under heterotrophic conditions of growth." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31227004.

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Yap, Chui-yee. "Production of docosahexaenoic acid by thraustochytrium SP. under heterotrophic conditions of growth /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B24533324.

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Bulcao, Candice. "Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and effects on colon cancer cell biology in vitro." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016128.

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Colon cancer is a leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise have been implicated as important agents in colon cancer development and progression. Epidemiological, in vivo and in vitro studies have found that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) reduce colon carcinoma. The role of n-6 PUFAs remains a controversial topic, with studies indicating both promoting and preventing capabilities published. In order to better understand the effects of PUFAs on colon carcinoma, it is important to have an understanding of how they will be broken down in the body. During this study, in silico metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) predicted the formation of hydroxy-, di-hydroxy- and epoxy-FAs. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the detection of these PUFAs and their cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolites. A human liver microsomal system for the in vitro metabolism of EPA, DHA and AA was optimised in terms of microsomal and PUFA concentration. The system resulted in the metabolism of the positive control, lauric acid, to 12-hydroxy-lauric acid but was unable to metabolise the PUFAs of interest. EPA, DHA and AA reduced cell viability in the colon carcinoma cell lines SW480 and SW620 in the micromolar concentration range (25 – 200 μM). The CYP epoxidation metabolite of EPA, 17, 18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (17, 18-EpETE) resulted in a significant reduction in SW480 cell viability relative to the parent compound at lower concentrations (25 and 50 μM). Annexin V apoptosis analysis revealed that EPA and 17, 18- EpETE did not result in apoptosis in SW480 cells at a concentration of 25 μM and over an incubation period of 24 hours. A significant reduction in reactive oxygen species production was seen in SW480 cells after incubation with 25 μM 17, 18-EpETE for 24 hours. EPA and 17, 18-EpETE were implicated in the reduction of colon cancer metastasis since they were able to reduce SW480 migration and anchorage independent cell growth. These results indicate that the dietary intake of EPA, DHA and AA may be beneficial to one’s health due to the negative effects that these PUFAs had on colon carcinoma. Future studies are needed to confirm these benefits and compare the effects of the PUFAs to their CYP-metabolites.
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Cuthbertson, Abla Zehour. "Effect of animal type or treatment on the efficiency of lean meat production and the fatty acid composition of meat : thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Agricultural Science." Title page, summary and contents only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09ac988.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-220) Studies the growth, body composition, feed intake of grazing animals, the use of anabolic agents, fatty acid composition of ruminants fats; and, the effect of saturated fat on human health.
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Theunissen, Reza. "An investigation of short-chain fatty acid profiles and influential gastrointenstinal microbiota associated with irritable bowel syndrome." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020943.

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Microbiota are present in large numbers and as a diverse population within the gastrointestinal tract. There are approximately 400 different species of microbiota which may be beneficial, harmful or both, but each play an important role in the regulation and modulation of the hosts’ bowel processes (McOrist et al. 2008; Dethlefsen et al. 2008). Many of these colon microbiota allow for saccharolytic fermentation of non-digestible dietary fibres and carbohydrates into by-products and intermediates, followed by a subsequent conversion into short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (mainly n-butyric acid, propionic acid and acetic acid) each of which play an important role in maintaining colon homeostasis (Topping & Clifton 2001). A balance of ‘good’ microbiota (e.g., Bacteroides spp./ Bifidobacteria spp.) and ‘bad’ microbiota (e.g., Veilonellae) and the optimal production of various SCFAs within the gut could possibly allow for proper functioning of the large intestine and assist in decreasing the onset of various colonic disorders such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). The sample group for the study consists of male and female patients, with an average age of 40 to 50 years old, whom of which have been diagnosed with either constipation IBS (C-IBS) or diarrhoea IBS (D-IBS) via the Rome III criteria system for IBS diagnosis. DNA and SCFA extractions were optimised for human stool, colonic fluid and tissue biopsy sample obtained from the aforementioned patients. Optimization steps allowed for starting material with high analysis integrity. Different methods of microbiota analysis, such as ARISA, were investigated; however, real-time qPCR was selected as the best method to identify and quantify specific microbiota. Extracted SCFAs were separated via gas chromatography and identified and quantified via Mass Spectrometry. Significant changes in microbial content and SCFA profiles were found to be associated with healthy and IBS patients. Results obtained would however be influenced by external factors typical of clinical studies of this nature. This study allows for opportunities for future research into understanding IBS.
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Bridges, Kayla Marie. "The omega-3 fatty acid content of krill protein concentrate influences bioavailability, tissue deposition, peroxidation, and metabolism in young rats." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10241.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 42 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-35).
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Bainbridge, Melissa Lee. "Enhancing The Content Of Bioactive Fatty Acids In Bovine Milk For Human Health Promotion And Disease Prevention." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/695.

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Consumer awareness of the link between dietary fats and health outcomes has led to increased demand for food products enriched with bioactive fatty acids (FA). Ruminant-derived fats, such as dairy fats, contribute significantly to the American diet and contain many unique beneficial FA, such as short- and medium-chain FA, n-3 FA, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), vaccenic acid (VA), as well as odd-and branched-chain FA (OBCFA). Increasing these FA in dairy products by altering farm management practices, such as breed, lactation stage, and nutrition, may improve human health without a change to the diet. The overarching goal of this dissertation was to evaluate on-farm strategies to increase the content of bioactive FA in bovine milk. The first objective was to enrich milk fat with bioactive FA via supplementation with echium oil, a terrestrial oil rich in n-3 FA. Treatments were 1.5% and 3.0% dry matter as lipid encapsulated echium oil (EEO) which were compared to a control (no EEO). Milk fat contents of n-3 FA increased with EEO supplementation but the transfer of n-3 FA from EEO into milk fat was rather low (< 5%). In a subsequent trial, ruminal protection of EEO and post-ruminal release of EEO-derived FA was examined. EEO-derived FA were preferentially incorporated into plasma lipid fractions unavailable to the mammary gland. Moreover, fecal excretion of EEO-derived FA ranged from 7-14% of intake, and VA and CLA, the biohydrogenation and metabolism products of n-3 FA, increased in milk and feces with EEO supplementation. Therefore, lipid-encapsulation provided inadequate digestibility and low transfer efficiency of n-3 FA into milk. The second objective was to compare the bacterial community structure and unique bioactive FA in bacterial membranes and milk fat between Holstein (HO), Jersey (JE), and HO x JE crossbreeds (CB) across a lactation. Lactation stage had a prominent effect on rumen bacterial taxa, with Firmicutes being most abundant during early lactation. The FA composition of bacterial cells was affected by both lactation stage and genetics, and OBCFA in bacterial cells were positively correlated with several bacteria of the Firmicutes phylum. HO and CB exhibited greater contents of various bioactive FA in milk than JE. The highest content of all bioactive FA occurred at early lactation, while OBCFA were highest at late lactation. The third objective was to determine the effects of grazing a monoculture vs. a diverse pasture on rumen bacterial and protozoal taxa, their membrane FA composition, and milk FA. Microbial communities shifted in response to grazing regime accompanied with changes in their membrane FA profiles. Rumen microbiota from cows grazing a diverse pasture had higher contents of n-3 FA and VA, but lower contents of OBCFA. Microbial membrane FA correlated with microbial taxa, the contents of ALA and n-3 FA were positively correlated with the bacterial genus Butyrivibrio and the protozoal genus Eudioplodinium. Milk contents of CLA and n-3 FA increased when cows grazed a diverse pasture, while grazing a monoculture led to greater milk contents of OBCFA. In conclusion, grazing cows on a diverse pasture, when compared to genetic effects and lipid supplementation, was the most efficacious strategy to increase the content of bioactive FA in milk.
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Books on the topic "Fatty acids in human nutrition"

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Umberto, Bracco, Deckelbaum Richard J, and Nestlé Nutrition Services, eds. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition. New York: Raven Press, 1992.

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BNF Task Force on Trans Fatty Acids., ed. Trans fatty acids. 2nd ed. London: British Nutrition Foundation, 1995.

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Foundation, British Nutrition. Unsaturated fatty acids: Nutritional and physiological Significance : report from the British Nutrition Foundation's Task Force. London: Chapman & Hall, 1992.

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Heller, Axel R. Omega 3 fatty acids in clinical nutrition. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2005.

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R, Watson Ronald, ed. Fatty acids in health: Promotion and disease causation. Urbana, Ill: AOCS, 2008.

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I, Mostofsky David, Yehuda Shlomo, and Salem Norman, eds. Fatty acids: Physiological and behavioral functions. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 2001.

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David, Heber, Kritchevsky David 1920-, and Nutrition and Cancer Prevention Scientific Symposium (1994 : Los Angeles, Calif.), eds. Dietary fats, lipids, hormones, and tumorigenesis: New horizons in basic research. New York: Plenum Press, 1996.

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Tomohito, Hamazaki, and Okuyama Harumi, eds. Fatty acids and lipids: New findings. Basel: Karger, 2001.

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Claudio, Galli, Simopoulos Artemis P. 1933-, Tremoli Elena, and International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids., eds. Fatty acids and lipids: Biological aspects. Basel: Karger, 1994.

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Congress, International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids International. Fatty acids and lipids from cell biology to human disease: Proceedings of the 3rd Congress of the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (ISSFAL). [S.l.]: AOCS Press, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fatty acids in human nutrition"

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Watanabe, H., T. Nagao, T. Yasukawa, and H. Shimasaki. "Studies on the Role of Dietary Diacylglycerols in Human Nutrition." In Fatty Acids and Lipids - New Findings, 155–62. Basel: KARGER, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000059779.

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Rios-Covián, D., A. M. Nogacka, S. Saturio, M. Gómez-Martín, S. González, C. G. de los Reyes-Gavilán, M. Gueimonde, S. Arboleya, and N. Salazar. "Chapter 11. Short-chain Fatty Acids and Human Nutrition." In Food Chemistry, Function and Analysis, 254–85. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839165078-00254.

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D’Argenio, Giuseppe, and Gabriele Mazzacca. "Short-Chain Fatty Acid in the Human Colon." In Advances in Nutrition and Cancer 2, 149–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3230-6_13.

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Strandvik, B. "Omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids in milk and beneficial impact on the infant." In Handbook of dietary and nutritional aspects of human breast milk, 567–82. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-764-6_33.

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Wolfe, R. R. "The Role of Triglyceride-Fatty Acid Cycling and Glucose Cycling in Thermogenesis and Amplification of Net Substrate Flux in Human Subjects." In Hormones and Nutrition in Obesity and Cachexia, 59–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75037-3_6.

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Sadler, M. J. "FATTY ACIDS | Trans Fatty Acids*." In Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition, 230–37. Elsevier, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-226694-3/00121-6.

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Mensink, R. P. "Fatty Acids: Health Effects of Saturated Fatty Acids." In Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition, 215–19. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-375083-9.00101-x.

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Watkins, P. A. "FATTY ACIDS | Metabolism." In Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition, 186–98. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-226694-3/00115-0.

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Mensink, R. P., and E. H. M. Temme. "FATTY ACIDS | Saturated." In Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition, 225–30. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-226694-3/00117-4.

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Kirk, P. "FATTY ACIDS | Monounsaturated*." In Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition, 198–205. Elsevier, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-226694-3/00118-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fatty acids in human nutrition"

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Petrović, Goran, Aleksandra Đorđević, Jelena Stamenković, Marija Dimitrijević, Jelena Nikolić, Vesna Stankov Jovanović, and Violeta Mitić. "FATTY ACIDS CONTENT IN WATERMELON, MELON, SQUASH AND ZUCCHINI SEEDS." In 2nd International Symposium on Biotechnology. Faculty of Agronomy in Čačak, University of Kragujevac, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt29.61gp.

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Seed samples of ten zucchini, melon, squash and watermelon samples were examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis for the presence of fatty acids. Fatty acid composition was significantly different among various samples. Hexadecanoic acid was found in all analyzed seed samples, whereas 9,12,15-octadecanoic acid was found only in zucchini seed samples. Unsaturated fatty acids, which possess multiple health benefits, were present in all samples, in various amounts. The high concentration of essential unsaturated fatty acids in analyzed seed samples indicates that they could be used as a source of these valuable compounds in human nutrition.
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Brenna, J. Thomas. "The gut microbiome and dietary fatty acids." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/rvcu7594.

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The dramatic increase in microbiome studies in the last 20 years, facilitated by high speed sequencing, has transformed our understanding of biology. Nutrition influences the easily measured distribution of organisms, and the more difficultly measured overall physiology of the microbiome. Fatty acid nutrition and its influence on the various gut microbiomes poses specific challenges for interpretation of experimental studies. Most microbiome science employs rodents as models. In rodents, fatty acids survive to the cecum and lower gut, while in healthy humans fatty acids are completely absorbed prior to the lower gut. Fatty acid nutrition influences the small intestine microbiome which has approximately 10-6 fewer microorganisms than the lower gut. Identification of microorganisms based on 18S ribosomal sequences usually does not identify organisms at the strain level (genus-species-strain) which determine the biology of specific organisms and how they interact within microbial ecology. Sustained consumption of specific oils causes shifts in microbiota organisms and evolution of organisms via natural selection, shown in the specific case of soy oil. Saturated branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) of carbon length from 11 to 26 carbons are absorbed in the upper gut and incorporated into enterocyte membranes. Sloughed enterocytes transport BCFA to the lower gut where they support increased levels of organisms that depend on BCFA for membrane function. Long chain BCFA appear at higher relative abundance in the fecal matter than in the diet as consumed. While some data are available on the interaction of specific fats and gut microbiome, most of the fundamental principles governing gut health and fat nutrition remain to be elucidated.
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Wekesa, Zindzi Damianna, and Gilbert Keen Arigi. "Black Soldier Fly as A Sustainable Source of Protein for Human Consumption." In 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.d.h.l-18.

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Background: Insects, particularly the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), have gained attention as a promising alternative protein source to address food security challenges. This study explores the potential of black soldier fly larvae as a sustainable and nutritious protein source for human consumption. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the nutritional composition and safety aspects of black soldier fly larvae, evaluate its potential as a viable protein source, and discuss its implications for food security and policy. Methods: Black soldier fly larvae were reared under controlled conditions and analyzed for their nutritional composition, including protein content, amino acid profile, fatty acid profile, and micronutrient content. Safety aspects, such as heavy metal and pesticide residue levels, were also assessed. The study further examined the feasibility and scalability of black soldier fly production for human consumption. Results: The results reveal that black soldier fly larvae possess a high protein content, rich in essential amino acids, and a favorable fatty acid profile. Furthermore, the larvae contain significant amounts of essential micronutrients, including vitamins and minerals, contributing to a well-rounded nutritional profile. Safety analysis demonstrates low levels of heavy metals and pesticide residues, indicating its suitability for human consumption. The study also identifies the potential of large-scale black soldier fly production as an economically viable solution for food security. Conclusion: This study highlights the potential of black soldier fly larvae as a sustainable and nutritious protein source for human consumption. With its high protein content, favorable nutrient profile, and safety parameters, black soldier fly larvae offer a promising solution to address food security challenges. Incorporating black soldier fly larvae into diets and food systems has the potential to enhance nutritional adequacy and reduce reliance on traditional protein sources. Furthermore, the findings emphasize the need for policy frameworks and regulatory support to promote the adoption of insect-based diets and ensure their safe integration into global food systems. Keywords: Black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, insect-based diet, food security, protein source, sustainability, nutritional composition, safety.
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Birch, Eileen, Dennis Hoffman PhD, David Birch, Ricardo Uauy, Mark Bane, Yolanda Castañeda, and Claude Prestidge. "Visual Acuity Development of Term Infants Fed ω3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (LCPUFA) Supplemented Formula." In Vision Science and its Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1996.tha.1.

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While breast-feeding provides optimal nutrition for healthy infants, maternal health, social, and/or economic factors may constrain a mother's ability to provide human milk. Formula feeding provides a safe and effective alternative source of nutrition. In response to ongoing research, formula composition is revised to more closely mimic human milk in providing essential nutrients to support optimal growth and development. During the last decade, supplementation of infant formula with ω3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) has been a major focus of infant nutrition research. ω3 LCPUFAs, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are found in extremely high concentration in photoreceptor outer segments and in cerebral cortex.
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Brenna, J. Thomas. "How does knowledge of omega-3 fatty acids inform the food system?" In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/cfsw6115.

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With over 40,000 studies published, omega-3s are among most studied compounds in all of biology. We know a great deal about their metabolism, genetics, and nutrition that has not been translated into the global industrial food system. Development and maintenance of the human and general neural function depends on a balanced nutritional supply of omega-6 and omega-3 PUFA. Omega-3s are the most labile of oil components, leading to rancidity during processing and limiting shelf-life. Recent research has clarified the roles of the human FADS1 and FADS2 genes as key to conversion of precursor alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) to bioactive products eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid ((DHA). FADS2 is a promiscuous desaturase enzyme that inserts double bonds at the 4, 6, and 8 positions and acts on at least 16 substrates including numerous saturated fatty acids, while FADS1 is highly specific to 5 desaturation and C20 substrates. FADS gene polymorphisms lead primarily to modulation of circulating arachidonic acid in free living humans, which is likely to influence omega-3 requirements through biochemical competition at many levels. Natural, pre-industrial diets are high in saturated and monounsaturated fats, and supply dietary essential fatty acids at less than 4% of calories. Such diets support endogenous EPA and DHA biosynthesis at relatively robust levels, while diets high in PUFA inhibit EPA/DHA tissue accretion and create a metabolic demand. Recent recommendations focus on gently processed healthy foods rich in shortfall nutrients despite high saturated fat content have been advanced. Dietary intake of EPA and DHA have effects specific to each fatty acid, and both are more efficiently incorporated into tissue than when derived from precursors. Current evidence is that both are required for optimal health.
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Anđelić, Biljana, Radojica Đoković, Marko Cincović, and Mira Majkić. "Influence of environmental factors and biological characteristics of cows on the fatty acid groups and nutritional index of raw milk." In Zbornik radova 26. medunarodni kongres Mediteranske federacije za zdravlje i produkciju preživara - FeMeSPRum. Poljoprivredni fakultet Novi Sad, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/femesprumns24001a.

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Cow's milk contains a large number of fatty acids, some of which may be of potential benefit to human health. The aim of this research is to determine the most important biological and ecological factors that influence the fatty acid composition and nutritional indices of raw milk originating from cows in intensive farm production. Comparing to reference cows, next animals had significantly higher odds of having greater SFA concentrations and lower odds of being in the categories with higher MUFA, PUFA and UFA and concentrations in milk: cows in 2nd and 3rd lactation compared to 1st, cows in mid and late lactation compared to early, cows in heat stress compared to cows in thermoneutral period. Comparing to reference cows, cows with higher BHB had significantly lower odds of having greater SFA concentrations and higher odds of being in the categories with higher MUFA. Also, cows with higher NEFA had significantly lower odds of having greater SFA concentrations and higher odds of being in the categories with higher PUFA. In experimental group compared to reference we found lower odds of having greater nutrition index of milk. Odds to have higher nutrition index increase in cows with intense ketogenesis and lipolysis. In conclusion, older cows, cows in an advanced stage of lactation and cows in heat stress have higher values of SFA, while cows with higher lipolysis and ketogenesis have higher contents of MUFA, PUFA and UFA, which leads to a change in the nutritional indices of raw milk.
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Brenna, Tom. "Human Nutrition and Health Viewed Through the Diversity of Fatty Acid Structures." In Virtual 2021 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am21.231.

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Krul, Elaine. "Nutritional opportunities to advance companion animal health - focus on lipids and related nutrients." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/cttu1432.

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Globally $232 billion was spent in the pet industry in 2021 and the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is estimated to be 4.6%. In the USA alone, $109.6 billion was spent in 2021, and more money is spent annually on pet food and treats than veterinary care or products. Pet parents are increasingly more concerned about the nutritional quality of the foods they feed their animals and their impact on health. Pet food manufacturers are responding to the increased demand for premium food products but importantly, the work of veterinary nutrition researchers is key to ensuring the safety and nutritional sufficiency of commercial and specialized animal diets. Lipids and related nutrients, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, medium-chain triglyceride oil (MCT oil), vitamins D and E and choline play an important role in companion animal health and will be discussed in this session. In addition, a study evaluating the impact of canine diets with different fat contents on risk of pancreatitis will be presented. These reports not only provide more insight into companion animal health but also sheds light on our understanding of how lipids and related nutrients impact human health.
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Heilmann, G., T. Wolde, S. Trenkamp, and M. Roden. "A robust high-throughput method for quantification of short-chain fatty acids in humans and mice." In Nutrition 2023 | Dreiländertagung der Österreichischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Klinische Ernährung (AKE), der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährungsmedizin (DGEM) und der Gesellschaft für Klinische Ernährung der Schweiz˵ (GESKES). Georg Thieme Verlag, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1768105.

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Bobeck, Elizabeth. "Bioactive lipids and related nutrients in companion animal and poultry diets for reducing inflammation and improving immunity." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/vqxl3869.

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Beyond meeting nutritional requirements for growth and maintenance, select dietary ingredients can have additional effects, intended or not, on animal physiology and immune function. Diets can be enriched to benefit the animal, and a dual benefit can be achieved in the case of enriching animal products for the downstream human consumer. Many immune-altering nutrients are fat-soluble, including Vitamin E and D. Importantly, dietary lipids themselves can impact immune function; therefore, a focused and intentional selection of specific dietary fats, specifically omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), is one method to alter inflammatory cascades in animals consuming the diet. Examples of other related ingredients to which the immune system is responsive include zinc and probiotics. While work in human, livestock, and companion animal models is working to identify therapeutic inclusion rates for these nutrients and ingredients, it should be noted that physiological alterations are seen in both over and under-inclusion and are nutrient-specific. For example, inclusion above currently recommended levels may optimize immune function and reduce inflammation in the case of vitamin D or omega-3 PUFA, while for zinc, additional pharmacological supplementation above requirements may inhibit immune function. Importantly, when a diet is formulated to reduce overall systemic inflammation, it must be considered that important “background” functions of the immune system, including monitoring for and clearing pathogenic microbial populations, may be down-regulated due to a general reduction in immune reactivity. Continued work to understand how diet and nutrition impact immunity, and how to balance inflammation through nutrition, is an area of active research and will inform downstream users how to best use data to impact consumers of that feed in desirable ways.
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Reports on the topic "Fatty acids in human nutrition"

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Sukenik, Assaf, Paul Roessler, and John Ohlrogge. Biochemical and Physiological Regulation of Lipid Synthesis in Unicellular Algae with Special Emphasis on W-3 Very Long Chain Lipids. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604932.bard.

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Various unicellular algae produce omega-3 (w3) very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFA), which are rarely found in higher plants. In this research and other studies from our laboratories, it has been demonstrated that the marine unicellular alga Nannochloropsis (Eustigmatophyceae) can be used as a reliable and high quality source for the w3 VLC-PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This alga is widely used in mariculture systems as the primary component of the artificial food chain in fish larvae production, mainly due to its high EPA content. Furthermore, w3 fatty acids are essential for humans as dietary supplements and may have therapeutic benefits. The goal of this research proposal was to understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms which regulate the synthesis and accumulation of glycerolipids enriched with w3 VLC-PUFA in Nannochloropsis. The results of our studies demonstrate various aspects of lipid synthesis and its regulation in the alga: 1. Variations in lipid class composition imposed by various environmental conditions were determined with special emphasis on the relative abundance of the molecular species of triacylglycerol (TAG) and monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG). 2. The relationships between the cellular content of major glycerolipids (TAG and MGDG) and the enzymes involved in their synthesis were studied. The results suggested the importance of UDP-galactose diacylglycerol galactosyl (UDGT) in regulation of the cellular level of MGDG. In a current effort we have purified UDGT several hundredfold from Nannochloropsis. It is our aim to purify this enzyme to near homogeneity and to produce antibodies against this enzyme in order to provide the tools for elucidation of the biochemical mechanisms that regulate this enzyme and carbon allocation into galactolipids. 3. Our in vitro and in vivo labeling studies indicated the possibility that phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are associated with desaturation of the structural lipids, whereas shorter chain saturated fatty acids are more likely to be incorporated into TAG. 4. Isolation of several putative mutants of Nannochloropsis which appear to have different lipid and fatty acid compositions than the wild type; a mutant of a special importance that is devoid of EPA was fully characterized. In addition, we could demonstrate the feasibility of Nannochloropsis biomass production for aquaculture and human health: 1) We demonstrated in semi-industrial scale the feasibility of mass production of Nannochloropsis biomass in collaboration with the algae plant NBT in Eilat; 2) Nutritional studies verified the importance algal w3 fatty acids for the development of rats and demonstrated that Nannochloropsis biomass fed to pregnant and lactating rats can benefit their offspring.
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