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1
Pelykh, N. L., and Yu A. Shevchenko. "Efficiency of pig fattening." Taurian Scientific Herald 2, no. 116 (2020): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32851/2226-0099.2020.116.2.21.
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Soltész, Angéla. "Production and economic risk analysis of pig fattening." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 58 (April 8, 2014): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/58/1990.
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I prepared a “model farm” producing fattening pigs in order to examine the main risk of production and market factors affecting the profitability of fattening pig production. Values of body weight (at the beginning of fattening and at the end of fattening), mortality rate, feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fattening pig as well as the main cost and price data were recorded as the input data of the model. Production value per unit, production cost per unit and income per unit were used as output. The Monte-Carlo simulation was used in the model for risk assessment. Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that the production value per unit was most affected by the selling price of fattening pig (ß=0.972), the production cost per unit were most influenced by the body weight at the beginning of fattening (ß=0.567) and the feed conversion ratio (ß=0.537), in addition, the change of the income per unit was most determined by the previously factors.
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Krnjaja, Vesna, Aleksandar Stanojkovic, Tanja Petrovic, Violeta Mandic, Zorica Bijelic, Cedomir Radovic, and Nikola Delic. "Fungal contamination of pig farm feeds." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 37, no. 2 (2021): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah2102139k.
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The aim of this study was to establish the total fungal (mould) count in 79 commercial pig farm feed samples (42 samples for piglets, 29 samples for fattening pigs and 8 samples for sows) collected from the Serbian feed producers during the three-year period (2017-2019), as well as to evaluate the percentage of contamination samples by fungi, especially species from Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium genera. Using standard mycological methods, the total count and identification of fungi were determined. Total fungal count was ranging from 1 ? 102 to 1.41 ? 105 cfu g-1 in the feed samples for piglets. Furthermore, in the feed samples for fattening pigs it ranged from1 ? 102 to 2.54 ? 105 cfu g-1, and from 1 ? 102 to 1.93 ? 105 cfu g-1 in the feed samples for sows. It has established the impermissible limit of total fungal count in 3.45% and 4.76% of a feed for fattening pigs and feed for piglets, respectively. Statistical analysis of the total number of fungi did not establish significant differences between the examined feed groups. Fusarium species were present in the most feed samples for fattening pigs (65.52%), followed by the feed for sows (62.50%) and piglets (47.62%). Aspergillus species were determined in 59.52, 58.62 and 37.50% feed samples for piglets, fattening pigs and sows, respectively. Penicillium species contaminated the lowest percentage of feed samples for fattening pigs (27.59%) and the highest percentage of feed samples for sows (37.50%). In a small number of samples Alternaria, Mucor, and Rhizopus species were identified. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the investigation of fungal contamination is an important indicator of a hygienic condition of feed intended for the nutrition of farm pigs. In addition, the percentage of fungal contamination of the examined samples indicates a potentially high risk to animal health. Due to that, a regular mycological evaluation is necessary to assess nutritional quality as one of the fundamental criteria for feed safety.
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Seva, J., F. J. Pallares, M. A. Gomez, and A. Bernabe. "Osteoblastic osteosarcoma in a fattening pig." Veterinary Record 148, no. 5 (February 3, 2001): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.148.5.147.
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Dankittipong, Natcha, Egil A. J. Fischer, Manon Swanenburg, Jaap A. Wagenaar, Arjan J. Stegeman, and Clazien J. de Vos. "Quantitative Risk Assessment for the Introduction of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) into Dutch Livestock Farms." Antibiotics 11, no. 2 (February 21, 2022): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020281.
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Early detection of emerging carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in food-producing animals is essential to control the spread of CPE. We assessed the risk of CPE introduction from imported livestock, livestock feed, companion animals, hospital patients, and returning travelers into livestock farms in The Netherlands, including (1) broiler, (2) broiler breeder, (3) fattening pig, (4) breeding pig, (5) farrow-to-finish pig, and (6) veal calf farms. The expected annual number of introductions was calculated from the number of farms exposed to each CPE source and the probability that at least one animal in an exposed farm is colonized. The total number of farms with CPE colonization was estimated to be the highest for fattening pig farms, whereas the probability of introduction for an individual farm was the highest for broiler farms. Livestock feed and imported livestock are the most likely sources of CPE introduction into Dutch livestock farms. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the number of fattening pig farms determined the number of high introductions in fattening pigs from feed, and that uncertainty on CPE prevalence impacted the absolute risk estimate for all farm types. The results of this study can be used to inform risk-based surveillance for CPE in livestock farms.
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García-Gudiño, Javier, Isabel Blanco-Penedo, Maria Font-i-Furnols, Elena Angón, and José Manuel Perea. "Analysis of the Sustainability of Fattening Systems for Iberian Traditional Pig Production through a Technical and Environmental Approach." Animals 11, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020411.
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At present, two types of fattening are carried out in Iberian traditional pig production. The montanera is the fattening system where fatteners are fed on acorns and pasture in the dehesa, and cebo de campo is the fattening where the pigs are fed on compound feed and natural resources, mainly pasture. The aim of this paper is to analyze Iberian fattening production from an economic and environmental approach in order to identify fattening strategies to increase the sustainability of this traditional livestock activity. Based on technical-economic and environmental variables, the differences between Iberian farms according to the types of fattening were determined using discriminant analysis techniques. The model based on environmental variables showed a greater predictive ability than that found in the model based on technical-economic variables. Consequently, environmental variables can be used as reference points to classify the Iberian farms according to the type of fattening. Furthermore, canonical correlation analysis allowed to study the relationships between both sets of variables, showing that environmental values had a strong correlation with technical-economic variables. The results of this study show that it is possible to improve the sustainability of Iberian traditional pig production through fattening strategies in both types of fattening.
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Clop-Gallart, Mercè, María Isabel Juárez, and Montserrat Viladrich-Grau. "Has the euro been fattening the European pig meat trade?" Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 67, No. 12 (December 14, 2021): 500–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/109/2021-agricecon.
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The introduction of the euro is one of the great achievements of the European integration process. We ask whether the creation of the euro led to a significant increase in pig meat trade in the eurozone. The pig meat industry is the most important in the European meat sector, and the EU is the world's second-biggest producer of pork and the leading supplier of pig meat to the global market. No study has yet been conducted in this respect for this sector. Our results suggest that pig meat trade was encouraged between countries sharing the euro, although the impact of EU single market was still greater. Trade creation was also observed, increasing pig meat exports from eurozone to non-eurozone countries. Also, non-eurozone EU exporters suffer from a diversion effect that benefits eurozone exporters.
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Zaitsev, Sergei Yu, and Oksana A. Voronina. "An innovative approach to assessing the integral parameters of the hybrid pig blood for the methodological support of animal husbandry development." BIO Web of Conferences 51 (2022): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20225101009.
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The main aims of research were: to measure the surface tension (ST) values of hybrid pig blood; to establish the relationships between these ST-values and obtained biochemical parameters of the same blood samples. All studied animals (n=43) were healthy and grown at the feeding stations (Russia). The ST-values (measured using PAT-device) of the pig blood were obtained at initial (n=30) and final (n=13) points of animal fattening. The following correlations between eST at final (or initial) point of pig fattening and the biochemical parameters were obtained: +0.80 (+0.19) with the ratio of albumins to globulins (A/G), -0.39 with globulins (-0.38) with phospholipids, +0.32 (+0.40) with the “de Ritis” coefficient, -0.52 (+0.35) with Cl. The correlations between eTA at same fattening points and the biochemical parameters were obtained: +0.32 with A/G ratio, +0.18 with globulins, +0.36 with phospholipids, +0.28 (+0.17) with the “de Ritis” coefficient, -0.32 (+0.21) with Mg, +0.35 with Fe, +0.30 with Cl, +0.31 (+0.34) with the ratio of calcium to phosphorus (Ca/P). Such tendency indicated the stabilization of pig physiological-biochemical status during their fattening. The authors recommended the following eST (42-46 mN/m) and eTA (10-30 mN·m-1·s-½) blood parameters as reference values for further applications in husbandry.
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Wang, Hao, Yaqiong Zeng, Shihua Pu, Feiyun Yang, Zhengxiang Shi, Zuohua Liu, and Dingbiao Long. "Impact of Slatted Floor Configuration on Manure Drainage and Growth Performance of Finishing Pigs." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 36, no. 1 (2020): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13650.
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HighlightsUnder the same conditions of cast-iron usage, increasing the width of the gap and slat width within a certain range can enhance the bearing capacity of the slatted floors.Variations in the gap and slat width do not significantly affect pig growth performance.The recommended gap width of a cast-iron slatted floor in a fattening pig house is 15 mm.Abstract.Slatted flooring is an important part of the structure of pig houses and can aid in the removal of pig manure to underground ditches via gravity and locomotion. In this study, four different cast-iron slatted floor configurations with different gap widths (10, 15, and 20 mm) and slat widths (10 and 15 mm) were set up in 11 partially slatted-floor pig pens of the same size, each housing 10 fattening pigs with body weights of approximately 63 kg. The residual manure on the solid concrete floor area and a cast-iron slatted floor area were collected at different time intervals (24, 48, and 72 h) and weighed. According to previous studies on total manure and total urine production of pigs, the manure drainage capacity of four types of slatted floor was calculated. The growth performance of all of the pigs was monitored throughout the experiment. The ultimate bearing capacity of the four types of slatted floors was measured by a third-party professional testing organization. The results showed that the gap width and slat width of the cast-iron slatted floor had significant effects on its ultimate bearing capacity and manure drainage capacity (P<0.05) but had no significant effect on pig growth performance (P>0.05). The recommended gap width of a cast-iron slatted floor in a fattening pigs house is 15 mm. These findings can be used to optimize the design of cast-iron slatted flooring for fattening pigs, which must also be safe, economical, and efficient. Keywords: Cast iron, Dimensions, Fattening pig, Manure drainage, Slatted floor.
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Romain, Anne-Claude, Jacques Nicolas, Pierre Cobut, Julien Delva, Baudouin Nicks, and François-Xavier Philippe. "Continuous odour measurement from fattening pig units." Atmospheric Environment 77 (October 2013): 935–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.06.030.
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Zaitsev, Sergei Yu, Nikita S. Kolesnik, and Nadezhda V. Bogolyubova. "Correlations between the Major Amino Acids and Biochemical Blood Parameters of Pigs at Controlled Fattening Duration." Molecules 27, no. 7 (March 31, 2022): 2278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072278.
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Analytical control of protein and amino acid (AA) contents of animal tissues is an important problem in the fundamental and applied aspects. The aims of the work were the following: to measure the pig blood AAs; and to establish the correlations between AAs and biochemical parameters in dependence on the pig fattening duration. All 80 animals were divided onto 4 animal groups: 65, 72, 82, and 90 fattening days. The correlations between AAs and the total protein or its fractions (TP&F), nitrogen metabolites, carbohydrates, lipids, some enzymes in the pig blood for each of these animal groups obtained for the first time. The authors established the following total amounts of correlation coefficients (with reasonable p-values) in each of the group separately: group 1, 1* (p < 0.05); group 2, 0; group 3, 28* (p < 0.05) and 9** (p < 0.01); group 4, 28* (p < 0.05) and 25** (p < 0.01). Thus, about 82–90 days (groups 3 and 4) can be the optimal for the pig fattening, based on the correlation analysis for the numerous data of major AA and biochemical parameters of pig blood. These results can be useful for animal health monitoring and husbandry.
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Gong, Yan, Jun He, Biao Li, Yu Xiao, Qinghua Zeng, Kang Xu, Yehui Duan, Jianhua He, and Haiming Ma. "Integrated Analysis of lncRNA and mRNA in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Ningxiang Pig." Biology 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10080726.
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Ningxiang pigs, a Chinese bred pig known for its tender meat and high quality unsaturated fatty acids. This study discovers the transcription profiles and functional networks in long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was collected from piglet, nursery pig, early fattening, and late fattening stage of Ningxiang piglets, and lncRNA and mRNA transcription of each stage was profiled. A total of 339,204,926 (piglet), 315,609,246 (nursery), 266,798,202 (early fattening), and 343,740,308 (late fattening) clean reads were generated, and 2872 novel lncRNAs were identified. Additionally, 10,084 differential mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and 931 differential lncRNAs were determined. Most DEmRNAs were up-regulated in the piglet stage, while they were down-regulated in late fattening stage. A complicated interaction between mRNAs and lncRNAs was identified via STEM and WGCNA, demonstrated that lncRNAs are a significant regulatory component in mRNAs. The findings showed that modules 2 and 5 have a similar mode of transcription for both mRNA and lncRNA, and were mainly participated in steroid biosynthesis, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, metabolic pathways, and glycerolipid metabolism. The mRNAs and lncRNAs transcription levels of both modules was higher in the early and late fattening stage, which may be due to the active activity of the metabolism in relation to fatty acids, sterols, steroids, and lipids in the subcutaneous adipose tissue during the early and late fattening stage. These findings could be expected to result in further research of the functional properties of lncRNA from subcutaneous adipose tissue at different stages of development in Ningxiang pigs.
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Stupka, R., M. Šprysl, and M. Pour. "The impact of sex on the economics of pig fattening." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 50, No. 5 (February 24, 2012): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5192-agricecon.
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The test was focussed on the influence of sex on the production traits of the (LW×L) × OLW combination of hybrids. In the system of ad-libitum feeding, 72 pigs were divided into two identical groups of gilts and barrows and the fattening performance, i.e. the growth intensity, daily feed intake and the quantitative aspect of the carcass value were monitored. On the basis of the profit function, it was found out that in the ad-libitum feeding with the separate fattening of barrows and gilts with respect to the given genotype, it is possible to achieve with the same slaughter weight the difference in the profit per 1 fattened pig 111.06 CZK, i.e. 5.86%.
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Micklich, D., H. D. Matthes, M. Hartung, and H. Möhring. "Mast-, Schlachtleistung und Fleischqualität verschiedener Schweinerassen bei Stall- und Freilandhaltung (Kurzmitteilung)." Archives Animal Breeding 45, no. 3 (October 10, 2002): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-45-247-2002.
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Abstract. Title of the paper: Fattening, slaughter performance and meat quality of different pig breeds in indoor or outdoor housing (short communication) Relationships between outdoor housing and some meat quality parameters were investigated. Studies were carried out with the pig breeds Schwerfurter Fleischrasse, Deutsches Sattelschwein und Duroc. Fattening, slaughter performances and meat quality were compared by indoor or outdoor housing. Between different breeds in most parameters there were significant differences. Regarding the influence of outdoor housing with grazing the study showed improve results by meat quality parameters only in meat colour and water keeping.
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Luković, Zoran, Dubravko Škorput, Danijel Karolyi, and Ana Kaić. "Prospects for Sustainable Production of the Banija Spotted Pig in Relation to Fattening, Carcass, and Meat Quality Traits: A Preliminary Study." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 10, 2023): 3288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043288.
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The Banija spotted pig (BS) is a Croatian autochthonous breed that was officially recognised in 2018. The breed remains threatened with extinction and is on its way to establishing a production cycle that will ensure long-term conservation and sustainability. However, there is a general lack of data on the production traits of BS pigs. The aim of this work was therefore to identify the main fattening, carcass and meat quality traits of the BS pig and to assess the suitability of the breed for sustainable pork production. A total of ten pigs were fattened in a semi-free-range production system up to the average final body weight of 162 ± 17.3 kg. At the end of fattening, the growth, carcass and meat quality traits (pH, meat colour and water holding capacity) of the BS pig were determined and the gross margin based on the production of value-added meat products was calculated and compared with other Croatian local pig breeds. The results, which are to be considered preliminary due to the small data set, show that the fattening and slaughter characteristics of the BS pig are satisfactory and consistent with the characteristics of the breed and the husbandry practices adapted to semi-free-range farming. Furthermore, the meat quality showed suitability for processing for most traits, while the calculation of gross profit confirms the advantage of this breed for a well-rounded production cycle compared with related local pig breeds.
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Szabó, István, Tamás Molnár, Imre Nemes, Tamás Abonyi, Zsolt Terjék, and Ádám Bálint. "PRRSV eradication on large-scale fattening pig farms in Hungary between 2014 and 2019." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 67, no. 4 (December 2019): 529–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.2019.052.
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Eradication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) from the pig population of Hungary started in 2014 on the basis of the territorial principle. In order to reach this goal it was crucial to render each fattening unit free of this disease, since fattening units play a significant role in spreading the virus all over the country. In 2015, 188 out of 307 large-scale fattening farms (61.2%) kept PRRS-positive animals. The main source of infection of these farms was the import of PRRS-infected fattening pigs. The following methods were used during the eradication from 2017: (1) Only pigs coming from PRRS-free farms were allowed to be used for fattening in Hungary; (2) Quarantine of all herds for 60 days; (3) PCR test for PRRS 48 hours after the arrival of the prefattening animals; (4) Serological test for PRRS at the end of the quarantine period. If any diagnostic test gave even one positive result and the result was confirmed by another test, the stock had to be sold for slaughter within 15 days or placed outside Hungary, so that the infected stock would not compromise the PRRS status of that area. PRRSV eradication on large-scale fattening units applying all-in/all-out operation was relatively simple, using the depopulation-repopulation method. On permanently operating farms, the infected herd was sold from time to time, without having to be repopulated until the last delivery. After cleaning, disinfection and restocking, the repopulation was done with PRRS-free animals. As the eradication progressed over the years, a ban on the import of infected fattening pigs was imposed. As a consequence of these measures, by the end of 2018, Hungarian large-scale fattening farms became free of PRRS. Maintaining the national-level PRRS-free status of large-scale pig fattening units contributes to eliminating a significant cost factor from the Hungarian pork production industry, and opens the way for a significant reduction in antibiotic consumption as well.
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Pavičić, Ž., T. Balenović, H. Valpotić, A. Tofant, M. Popović, M. Balenović, K. Matković, and I. Valpotić. "Influence of Porcine Housing Density on Species Diversity and Number of Airborne Microorganisms at Fattening Facilities." Acta Veterinaria Brno 75, no. 4 (2006): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200675040533.
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Microbiological composition of air, as a factor of ambient conditions in animal facilities can significantly influence performance, health and animal welfare in the swine production. The aim of this investigation was to determine, by monitoring primary microclimatic conditions, the possible association of the number of fattening pigs per unit of housing space with species diversity and number of airborne microorganisms. The research was conducted at a fattening and finishing facility of 450 m2 (equipped with 44 pens designed for 10 animals each) with low-pressure ventilation in three different trials. The first trial was conducted during the autumn-winter period with the capacity of 440 animals (0.7 m2 of pen area per fattening pig), the second trial was conducted during the winter-spring period with 356 animals (0.8 m2 of pen area per fattening pig), and the third trial was conducted during the spring-summer period with 312 animals (1.0 m2 of pen area per fattening pig). The air samples for isolation of fungi and mesophilic, haemolytic, and coliform bacteria were taken and microclimatic conditions were monitored during each trial at the same consecutive weekly periods. According to the data obtained from all trials, the total number of bacteria and fungi did not exceed 104 and 103 CFU per m3, respectively. The most numerous were gram-positive bacteria, followed by gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The total number of airborne microorganisms correlates significantly (at p < 0.05) with porcine housing density. These data may be useful for the assessment of housing density at fattening facilities that will not compromise swine health and welfare regarding the microbiological air quality, and thus may contribute to the implementation of optimal rearing conditions in large-scale animal producing units.
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Domaćinović, M., Z. Steiner, Đ. Senčić, Z. Antunovic, and P. Mijić. "Individual and combined usage of enzyme preparation and heat-treated cereals in pig fattening." Czech Journal of Animal Science 51, No. 4 (December 5, 2011): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3923-cjas.
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In order to reach better production and financial results of pork production different technological ways of pig fattening are researched. The purpose of this paper is to show separate results of polyenzyme application and the results of the use of heat-treated cereals in pig fattening as well as the results of their combined application. Pigs fattened on a diet with polyenzyme preparation and heat-treated cereals, either separately or combined, were characterised by an insignificantly higher growth rate and their feed intake per kilogram of weight gain was low compared to pigs fed standard mixtures (control group). In statistical terms, the relative portion of muscle tissue in pork carcass was significantly lower in experimental group 3 fed the mixture with heat-treated cereals than in the other groups. The absolute portion of muscle tissue in pork carcass was statistically more important in experimental group 2 (45.15 kg) receiving the mixture of enzyme additive and heat-treated cereals, and the least important in experimental group 3 (40.92 kg) fed heat-treated cereals. During pig fattening the income for experimental groups was higher than for the control group because of better production results. Average values covering variable expenses show the increase only in the third experimental group in the second fattening period compared to the control group, but these differences were of no statistical importance.
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Wehebrink, T., N. Kemper, E. Grosse Beilage, and J. Krieter. "<i>Campylobacter</i> spp.: Risk factor analysis in fattening pig farms." Archives Animal Breeding 50, no. 3 (October 10, 2007): 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-50-250-2007.
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Abstract. There is a lack of information about the prevalence and origins of the important zoonotic pathogen Campylobacter spp. in the different stages of the pig production chain. The aim of this study was to gather further information about the sources of infection with Campylobacter spp. and their qualitative and quantitative importance in pig production. For statistical analysis, 1,040 results from the bacteriological examination for Campylobacter spp. were evaluated with questionnaires from four farrowing and twelve fattening units. The prevalence was determined via faeces and swab samples with regard to certain farm production parameters. Thereby 30.8% of the sows and 80.9% of their piglets were carriers of Campylobacter spp.. In the fattening unit, the prevalence at the beginning of the fattening period was 89.2% and at the end 64.7%. As a result of the small sample size in the farrowing unit it was not possible to perform a risk analysis which yielded significant conclusions. In the fattening stage, the following risk factors had a significant effect (p≤0.05) on Campylobacter spp. prevalence: sampling time, number of fattening places per herd, mixed farming, floor space design, feed origin, antibacterial and anthelmintic treatment. These results show that housing and management have a possible influence on the Campylobacter spp. prevalence and should be investigated further.
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Sinulingga, Yudi P., N. M. Santa, L. S. Kalangi, and M. A. V. Manese. "ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHA TERNAK BABI DI KECAMATAN TOMBULU KABUPATEN MINAHASA." ZOOTEC 40, no. 2 (May 19, 2020): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.40.2.2020.28613.
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ANALYSIS OF PIG LIVESTOCK BUSINESS INCOME IN TOMBULU DISTRICT MINAHASA REGENCY. The study was conducted in the Tombulu District of Minahasa Regency for one month from January 2020 to February 2020.The data used in this study were primary data and secondary data. The puposive sampling method was applied to determine the sample location in Tombulu District with the number of breeders in Tombulu District were 30 breeders. Therefore, the determination of the sample applied Total Quota Sampling technique. Pigs livestock business models run by breeders were breeding, fattening, combination, and swine pigs. The result showed models that the dominant pig livestock business in Tombulu District was a combination of breeding and fattening. The income earned from the pig livestock business is Rp.39,207,785 / period or Rp3,920,778 / month. The amount of production, feed costs, and social costs are factors that were very influential on the business income of pig livestock.
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Meissner, Katharina, Carola Sauter-Louis, Stefan E. Heiden, Katharina Schaufler, Herbert Tomaso, Franz J. Conraths, and Timo Homeier-Bachmann. "Extended-Spectrum ß-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Conventional and Organic Pig Fattening Farms." Microorganisms 10, no. 3 (March 11, 2022): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10030603.
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Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing global problem and complicates successful treatments of bacterial infections in animals and humans. We conducted a longitudinal study in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania to compare the occurrence of ESBL-producing Escherichia (E.) coli in three conventional and four organic pig farms. ESBL-positive E. coli, especially of the CTX-M type, were found in all fattening farms, confirming that antimicrobial resistance is widespread in pig fattening and affects both conventional and organic farms. The percentage of ESBL-positive pens was significantly higher on conventional (55.2%) than on organic farms (44.8%) with similar proportions of ESBL-positive pens on conventional farms (54.3–61.9%) and a wide variation (7.7–84.2%) on organic farms. Metadata suggest that the farms of origin, from which weaner pigs were purchased, had a major influence on the occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli in the fattening farms. Resistance screening showed that the proportion of pens with multidrug-resistant E. coli was similar on conventional (28.6%) and organic (31.5%) farms. The study shows that ESBL-positive E. coli play a major role in pig production and that urgent action is needed to prevent their spread.
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Schwarz, Tomasz, Marcin Przybyło, Piotr Zapletal, Artur Turek, Mariola Pabiańczyk, and Pawel Mieczyslaw Bartlewski. "Effects of Using Corn Dried Distillers’ Grains with Solubles (cDDGS) as a Partial Replacement for Soybean Meal on the Outcomes of Pig Fattening, Pork Slaughter Value and Quality." Animals 11, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 2956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11102956.
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The present study set out to determine the effects of incorporating cDDGS into starter, grower, and finisher diets (containing 5%, 10%, and 15% of cDDGS, respectively) on growth performance, carcass and meat quality, and cost effectiveness of pig fattening. Sixty-four pigs (mean body weight of 15.0 ± 2.1 kg) were divided into two groups (n = 32) and fed a control diet (cereal–soybean meal-based) or cDGGS-containing diets (with soybean meal partially replaced with cDDGS). Live weights of pigs as well as weight gains/daily weight gains across all fattening phases did not differ between the two groups of fattener pigs studied (p > 0.05). Addition of cDDGS decreased feed intake per pig during the grower (p < 0.05) and finisher (p < 0.01) phases, and, as a result, throughout the entire fattening period (254 vs. 245 kg for control and cDDGS groups, respectively; p < 0.01). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) for the entire fattening period was significantly less for cDDGS-fed fatteners (2.77) than for controls (2.91; p < 0.05). Carcass weights, fat thickness, and meatiness did not vary between the two groups of animals (p > 0.05). Loin depth was greater in the cDDGS group by ~5 mm (p < 0.05). Slaughter value was higher for the cDDGS group (76.1% vs. 77.0%, p < 0.05). The total cost of fattening and total cost of 1 kg of body weight decreased in cDDGS compared with the control subset of fatteners by ~7% and 8% during the grower and finisher phases, respectively (p < 0.01). The simplified direct surplus per pig was approximately 63% higher for the cDDGS group. Our results indicate that even moderate inclusion of cDDGS to concentrate mixtures (or a partial replacement of soybean meal with cDDGS) may improve FCR without any substantial changes in meat and back fat characteristics as well as significantly decrease the cost of feeding and increase the profitability of pig production.
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Lubowicki, Roman, Eugenia Jacyno, Stefan Seidler, and Krzysztof Nesterowicz. "Feeding Value of Triticale Grain in Pig Fattening." Szczecińskie Roczniki Naukowe V, no. 2 (1991): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3750/stn/srn/t05/z2/09.
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Diefenbach, H., E. Hartung, A. Sundrum, M. Lohmeyer, and M. A. Rieger. "Airborne Biological Hazards in Different PIG Fattening Systems." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 20, no. 2_suppl (April 2007): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03946320070200s209.
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Krieter, J. "Evaluation of different pig production systems including economic, welfare and environmental aspects." Archives Animal Breeding 45, no. 3 (October 10, 2002): 223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-45-223-2002.
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Abstract. The aim of the study is to evaluate different production systems in pig farming including economic, animal welfare and environmental aspects with computer simulation. The computer model considers a vertically integrated system with farrowing, weaning, fattening and slaughtering stage as well as the transportation of pigs between theses stages. Housing systems were distinguished in individual and group housing with partly/fully slatted flooring or straw. Housing conditions were scaled to animal welfare in a decreasing order from straw, social contact to movement. Environmental issues were measured by nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) excretion. With standard pork production (slatted floors, individual housing of sows, small groups of fattening pigs) the cost per fattening pig accounted for € 131.72, N- and P-excretion were 7.1 and 1.2 kg per head. Group housing for gestating sows (slatted floor) and a higher number of fattening pigs per group increased welfare scoring by 25%. Cost, N- and P-excretion were reduced by 3.5, 5.1 and 5.2%. Group housing of sows during lactation, mating and gestation (with prolonged lactation length 5 weeks; welfare scoring 100%) and straw in each stage raised production cost by 24.6% (€ 32.31), N- and P-excretion were enhanced to 8.0 kg (12.7%) and 1.3 kg (10.5%) per head.
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DOMAŃSKI, PAWEŁ, and JUSTYNA WIĘCEK. "Effect of housing system on fattening and slaughter results and profitability of pig fattening." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW - Animal Science 58, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aas.2019.58.2.13.
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Driessen, Bert, Sanne Van Beirendonck, and Johan Buyse. "Effects of Transport and Lairage on the Skin Damage of Pig Carcasses." Animals 10, no. 4 (March 29, 2020): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10040575.
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Transport and associated handling can have adverse effects on pig welfare. The transport of fattening pigs can cause economic losses by virtue of mortality, skin damage, and the general deterioration of meat quality. A total of 4507 fattening pigs were transported from a farm to a commercial slaughterhouse (distance 110 km) in 128 transports. Skin damage was visually assessed in the slaughter line in different parts of the carcass, i.e., shoulder, middle, and ham, using a 4-point scale. The incidence of skin damage was most prevalent (31%) in the shoulder region of the pig carcass. Sex, wind velocity, regrouping, transport combination, transport compartment, lairage time, and ham angle affected the skin damage incidence. In conclusion, scoring the incidence of skin damage is an indicator of the level of welfare exercised during transport and the slaughterhouse conditions. Furthermore, skin damage monitoring can be used to determine critical control points in the transport procedure. Given the importance from both a commercial and welfare perspective, it should be a powerful incentive to handle fattening pigs with care during the transport process and the lairage period.
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Nicks, B., M. Laitat, F. Farnir, M. Vandenheede, A. Désiron, C. Verhaeghe, and B. Canart. "Gaseous emissions from deep-litter pens with straw or sawdust for fattening pigs." Animal Science 78, no. 1 (February 2004): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800053881.
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AbstractThree successive batches of fattening pigs were raised on a deep litter of straw in one room and of sawdust in another. The quantities of litter used per pig were 40 kg of straw and 81 kg of sawdust.Once a month, the emissions of ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane, carbon dioxide and water vapour were measured continuously for 6 days consecutively.Gaseous emissions from pig raising on sawdust-based litter and straw-based litter were respectively 12·16 and 13·61 g per pig per day for ammonia (NH3), 4·96 and 7·39 g per pig per day for methane (CH4), 2·09 and 0·03 g per pig per day for nitrous oxide (N2O), 3·15 and 2·74 kg per pig per day for water (H2O) and 1·32 and 1·30 kg per pig per day for carbon dioxide (CO2). Differences between the emissions of the two litters were significant for N2O and H2O (P 0·01).The nitrogen content of the manures collected at the end of the experiment was 1·47 kg per pig for the straw-based litter and 1·07 kg per pig for that based on sawdust. Nitrogen emissions were calculated under the assumption that no gases volatilized from the litter or from the animals other than NH3 and N2O. With the two litters, about 50% of nitrogen excreted by the pigs was emitted into the atmosphere in the form of N2.
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Schukat, Sirkka, Alina Kuhlmann, and Heinke Heise. "Fattening Pig Farmers’ Intention to Participate in Animal Welfare Programs." Animals 9, no. 12 (November 28, 2019): 1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9121042.
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Farmers are considered a highly important stakeholder group for the successful implementation of higher farm animal welfare (FAW) standards, but so far little is known about their attitudes and the determinants of their participation in programs that request higher FAW standards. To close this research gap, fattening pig farmers in Germany were questioned via a large-scale online survey in 2018 (n = 239). Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, a partial least squares path modeling (PLS) was run. Results show that the expected performance as well as the expected costs associated with the Initiative Animal Welfare (IAW) substantially influence fattening pig farmers’ behavioral intention to participate in the IAW. Furthermore, the decision is influenced by social determinants and facilitating conditions such as deadweight effects. Farmers’ hedonic motivation, fair remuneration and previous experiences with the establishment of higher FAW standards can influence their intention to take part in the IAW. In addition, farmers’ trust in the program is a major determinant. There are also moderating variables such as age and work experience that influence farmers’ intention to take part in the IAW. Our results have important managerial implications for the IAW and can help to design further tailor-made animal welfare programs (AWPs) that fulfill the requirements of both fattening pig farmers and the broader public not only in Germany but the European Union.
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Voronina, O. A., A. A. Savina, N. S. Kolesnik, N. V. Bogolyubova, and S. Yu Zaytsev. "Changes in the total amount of water-soluble antioxidants in the blood serum of Duroc boars depending on the duration of their fattening." Veterinariya, Zootekhniya i Biotekhnologiya 1, no. 12 (2020): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202012016.
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The influence of fattening conditions on the digestive and metabolic processes in animals is actively studied to increase the production of animal food. The aim of the study was to estimate the total amount of water-soluble antioxidants in the blood serum of Duroc boars depending on the duration of fattening. Experiments were conducted on 102 animals to confirm the results of laboratory studies, as well as determination of the total antioxidant activity of pig blood serum by amperometric method. For the first time, a significant difference in antioxidant activity was found in blood samples of Duroc boars with the duration of their fattening from 81 to 101 days.
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NIEMI, J. K. "A dynamic programming model for optimising feeding and slaughter decisions regarding fattening pigs." Agricultural and Food Science 15, Supplement (January 1, 2006): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.5855.
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Costs of purchasing new piglets and of feeding them until slaughter are the main variable expenditures in pig fattening. They both depend on slaughter intensity, the nature of feeding patterns and the technological constraints of pig fattening, such as genotype. Therefore, it is of interest to examine the effect of production technology and changes in input and output prices on feeding and slaughter decisions. This study examines the problem by using a dynamic programming model that links genetic characteristics of a pig to feeding decisions and the timing of slaughter and takes into account how these jointly affect the quality-adjusted value of a carcass. The state of nature and the genotype of a pig are known in the analysis. The results suggest that producer can benefit from improvements in the pigs genotype. Animals of improved genotype can reach optimal slaughter maturity quicker and produce leaner meat than animals of poor genotype. In order to fully utilise the benefits of animal breeding, the producer must adjust feeding and slaughter patterns on the basis of genotype. The results also suggest that the producer can benefit from flexible feeding technology. Typically, such a technology provides incentives to feed piglets with protein-rich feed. When the pig approaches slaughter maturity, the share of protein-rich feed in the diet gradually decreases and the amount of energy-rich feed increases. Generally, the optimal slaughter weight is within the weight range that pays the highest price per kilogram of pig meat. The optimal feeding pattern and the optimal timing of slaughter depend on price ratios. Particularly, an increase in the price of pig meat provides incentives to increase the growth rates up to the pigs biological maximum by increasing the amount of energy in the feed. Price changes and changes in slaughter premium can also have large income effects.;
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Tsereniuk, Aleksandr. "CALCULATION OF GENETIC POTENTIAL OF PRODUCTIVITY IN PIG BREEDING." Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Animal Science NAAS of Ukraine, no. 123 (2020): 194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.32900/2312-8402-2020-123-194-204.
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The purpose of the research, the results of which are revealed in the article, was to develop methodological approaches for calculating the genetic potential of productivity in pig breeding. The research was carried out in a breeding facility for animal breeding FG "Shubske", Bogodukhiv district, Kharkiv region. At the first stage, the productivity of the offspring (fattening qualities) of the UNI family saws of Welsh breed in the breeding facility for FG "Shubske", Bohodukhiv district, Kharkiv region was evaluated for two consecutive generations. The results show that in general for all evaluated uteri, there was a reduction in the fattening period by 0.60 days with a reduction in feed consumption by 0.04 feed units. At the same time, the thickness of the fat on the estimated family at the level of two estimated generations there was a regression of 0.10 mm. According to the obtained data, methodological approaches that are effective in direct indicators (reproducible qualities, slaughter qualities, etc.) turned out to be uninformative in inverse indicators, where it is desirable to reduce values (age of live weight, feed consumption, fat thickness, etc.). It is proposed to use the given formulas only for direct indicators, and for inverse indicators to use formulas for a slightly modified mathematical apparatus. Considering these features, a modified methodological approach to the calculation of this indicator by inverse indicators is proposed. Using this methodological approach, the calculation of the genetic potential of productivity by fattening qualities was carried out and the degree of realization of the genetic potential of animal productivity was determined. According to the results of the assessment of the genetic potential of productivity (according to the proposed methodological approach) of the fattening qualities of the offspring, the sow B19056 was was marked by the highest values of the genetic potential of productivity. Also, without considering the values of lifelong fat thickness in the offspring, for further breeding work, based on the assessment of the genetic potential of productivity, sows B19004 and G19308 can be used.
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Svoboda, Martin, Jiří Drápal, Danka Haruštiaková, and Zdeňka Svobodová. "A multiannual survey of cadmium content in pig tissues collected in the Czech Republic during the years 2015–2019." Acta Veterinaria Brno 89, no. 4 (2020): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb202089040349.
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The assessment of cadmium content in the muscle, liver and kidneys of fattening pigs and sows was conducted in the Czech Republic during the period of 2015–2019. The samples were collected from a total of 32 sows and 210 fattening pigs. The mean cadmium content in the livers and kidneys of all sows was 0.102 ± 0.010 and 0.361 ± 0.032 mg·kg-1, respectively. The mean cadmium content in the livers and kidneys of all fattening pigs was 0.028 ± 0.001 and 0.141 ± 0.005 mg·kg-1, respectively. The maximum residual limit for human consumption was not exceeded in any sample. The cadmium content in the liver did not differ significantly between sows and fattening pigs in any particular year. In contrast, the cadmium content in kidneys differed significantly between sows and fattening pigs, being higher in sows (P < 0.05). No significant decreasing trend was observed for the cadmium content in tissues during the whole time period. It can be concluded that there is a need for further monitoring of the cadmium content in pig tissues in the Czech Republic.
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Babicz, Marek, Kinga Kropiwiec-Domańska, Magdalena Szyndler-Nędza, Agnieszka M. Grzebalska, Iwona Łuszczewska-Sierakowska, Agata Wawrzyniak, and Marcin Hałabis. "Physicochemical Parameters of Selected Internal Organs of Fattening Pigs and Wild Boars." Annals of Animal Science 18, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 575–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2017-0041.
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Abstract The objective of the study was to analyse selected physical properties and chemical indicators of internal organs obtained from fattening pigs and Central European wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa). Each group consisted of 12 animals. The tongue, heart, lungs, liver and kidneys were examined for physical properties, basic chemical composition, macro- and micromineral content, and fatty acid profile. The atherogenic index (AI) and the thrombogenic index (TI) were also determined. Pig offal was found to be a rich source of protein and collagen, and to contain large amounts of potassium and sodium. Liver had a high content of iron, zinc, and manganese. Pig liver and wild boar heart were characterised by favourable PUFA /SFA ratios (above 0.4%). In addition, the content of neutral and hypocholesterolemic acids (DFA ) and hypercholesterolemic acids (OFA ) in pig offal was comparable to that in pig meat. The results presented in this study provide an extensive evaluation of the nutritional quality of pig offal, which allows an increase in the scope of its use in the food industry, among others for production of offal products, including traditional and regional products that are increasingly demanded by consumers.
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MIYAWAKI, KOHEI. "Research on wet feeding for piglet and fattening pig." Nihon Yoton Gakkaishi 35, no. 2 (1998): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5938/youton.35.47.
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Salters, I. H. G., E. Vanthoor, and K. J. Keesman. "Integrated Control Strategy for Processes in Fattening Pig Systems." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 33, no. 19 (July 2000): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)40890-1.
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Jensen, Dan Børge, Mona Lillian Vestbjerg Larsen, and Lene Juul Pedersen. "Predicting pen fouling in fattening pigs from pig position." Livestock Science 231 (January 2020): 103852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2019.103852.
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Lienhard, Julia, Isabelle Vonlanthen-Specker, Xaver Sidler, and Claudia Bachofen. "Screening of Swiss Pig Herds for Hepatitis E Virus: A Pilot Study." Animals 11, no. 11 (October 25, 2021): 3050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11113050.
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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important cause of acute hepatitis in humans worldwide. In industrialised countries, most infections are caused by the zoonotic genotype 3. The main reservoir was found in pigs, with fattening pigs as the main shedders. The aim of this study was to establish a screening tool to detect HEV in pig farms. HEV-positive samples were sequenced using Sanger sequencing. First, different sample materials, including floor swabs, slurry, dust swabs and faeces were tested for HEV. Floor swabs turned out to give the best results and, in the form of sock swabs, were used for the screening of Swiss pig herds. A total of 138 pig farms were tested, with a focus on fattening pigs. Overall, 81 farms (58.8%) were HEV positive. Most sequences belonged to subtype 3h, in which they formed a specific cluster (Swiss cluster). In addition, subtype 3l and two unassigned sequences were detected. As a conclusion, sock swabs were found to be a helpful tool to screen pig herds for HEV and establish a sequence collection that may enable molecular epidemiology and support outbreak investigation and prevention.
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Pietruszka, Arkadiusz, Marta Maślanko, and Daria Ciecholewska-Juśko. "Sanitization of Biomass in Agricultural Biogas Plants Depends on the Type of Substrates." Animals 13, no. 5 (February 26, 2023): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13050855.
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Large-scale pig farming is associated with the production of large amounts of animal excrement, which, after processing into the form of, e.g., slurry, are managed on agricultural land as natural fertilizers. The utilization of pig manure on agricultural land in an excessive and uncontrolled manner may pose a threat to zoonoses due to the significant amounts of potentially pathogenic microorganisms within its content. This study aims to determine the impact of the methane fermentation process carried out in two agricultural biogas plants on the efficiency of sanitization of pig slurry, input biomass, and digestate. The biogas plants differed in terms of the substrate used; one used pig slurry from a maternal (breeding) farm (BP-M), and the other utilized pig slurry from a fattening farm (BP-F). The physicochemical analyses showed that the slurry, input biomass, and digestate from the BP-F were characterized by a significantly higher contents of organic dry matter, ash, and ammonium nitrogen than the slurry, input biomass, and digestate from the BP-M. The parameters of the methane fermentation process, including temperature and pH, reached higher values in the BP-F compared to the BP-M. The microbiological analyses led to the conclusion that the efficiency of sanitization of input biomass, including pig slurry, was significantly higher in the BP-F compared to the BP-M. Due to the above findings, locating biogas plants near pig fattening farms should be recommended.
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Svoboda, Martin, Jiří Bureš, Jiří Drápal, Kristýna Geboliszová, Danka Haruštiaková, Leona Nepejchalová, Marie Skočovská, and Zdeňka Svobodová. "A survey of mercury content in pig tissues carried out in the Czech Republic during years 2015–2019." Acta Veterinaria Brno 90, no. 3 (2021): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb202190030287.
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The assessment of mercury content in the muscle, liver and kidneys of fattening pigs and sows was conducted in the Czech Republic during the period of 2015–2019. The samples were collected from sows (n = 31) and fattening pigs (n = 210). The average mercury content in muscle, liver, and kidneys of sows over 5 years was 0.00057 ± 0.00004, 0.0045 ± 0.0008, and 0.0224 ± 0.0067 mg·kg-1, respectively. The average mercury content in muscle, liver, and kidneys of fattening pigs over the same period was 0.00059 ± 0.00004, 0.0012 ± 0.0001, and 0.0044 ± 0.0004 mg·kg-1, respectively. The maximum residual limit (MRL) for human consumption was exceeded in 14 kidney samples. The mercury content in liver did not differ significantly between sows and fattening pigs; in kidneys, the mercury content was higher in sows, with a significant difference in one year (P < 0.05). A slight decrease in the mercury content in kidneys and liver was observed in fattening pigs from the year 2015. In sows, there was a significant increase in the mercury content in kidneys in the year 2016. It can be concluded that there is a need for further monitoring of the mercury content in pig tissues in the Czech Republic.
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Novakovska, V. "Hematological profile of pig blood for feeding cellulose amylolytic additive." Tehnologìâ virobnictva ì pererobki produktìv tvarinnictva, no. 1(156) (May 25, 2020): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2020-157-1-125-131.
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The level of provision of animals with basic nutrients, feeding conditions, physiological condition, age, sex was assessed according to blood parameters. Researched the content of total blood protein, albumin, globulins, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, hemoglobin, erythrocyte count and hematocrit, also calculated blood indices using a set of hematological techniques. The aim was to clarify the biochemical and morphological parameters of the blood of pigs for fattening, by adding additives to the diet. The eff ect of feeding cellulose amylolytic enzyme additive on the productive qualities of pigs for fattening was studied. The cellulose amylolytic additive comprises 0.5% of the enzyme cellulase, 1 gram of which provides 2700 units of activity, and 0.1% of the enzyme α-amylase, 1 gram of which provides 9342 units of activity, with an activity ratio of 1: 4, respectively. Studies in pigs were performed in two stages: the equalization period (15 days) and the main (71 days). Grain fodder grown directly on the farm - barley, wheat, soybeans - was used for feeding pigs. The diet of the control group consisted of 63% barley grain, 27.5% wheat grain, 9% soybean meal 0.5% mineral supplement. Pigs of the experimental group were fed cellulose amylolytic feed additive at the rate of 5 g of cellulase and 1 g of amylase per 1 kg of feed. The use of the above additive in the diets of pigs was observed to increase the immunity of animals due to an increase in gamma globulin in blood proteins by 9%. The increase in the amount of hemoglobin by 8% and erythrocytes by 14% during fattening, due to improved housing conditions and external antigenic stimulation of physiological processes. Decisions on the appropriateness of the inclusion of cellulose amylolytic additive in the diet are made on the basis of production tests of the proposed drug, which increased the average daily gain of live weight by 19.7% during the period of fattening pigs. Key words: pigs, blood, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocytes, thrombocytes, albumins, globulins.
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AUTIO, TIINA, ANNUKKA MARKKULA, SANNA HELLSTRÖM, TAINA NISKANEN, JANNE LUNDÉN, and HANNU KORKEALA. "Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes in the Tonsils of Pigs." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 4 (April 1, 2004): 805–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.4.805.
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This study was set up to establish the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in the tonsils of sows and fattening pigs from five Finnish slaughterhouses and to evaluate the genetic similarity of L. monocytogenes strains isolated from the tonsils. A total of 271 pig tonsils (132 tonsils from fattening pigs and 139 from sows) from five different slaughterhouses in various parts of Finland were studied from June 1999 to March 2000. Overall, 14 and 4% of pig tonsils harbored L. monocytogenes and Listeria innocua, respectively. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes in tonsils of fattening pigs (22%) was significantly higher than in sows (6%). The isolates (n = 38) recovered from tonsils showed a wide genetic diversity by means of 24 different pulsed- eld gel electrophoresis (PFGE) types presented by the strains. Moreover, in numerical analyses of restriction patterns, no association was found between the clustering of strains and the slaughterhouses, and strains showing a similar PFGE type were recovered from pigs of different slaughterhouses. The high prevalence of L. monocytogenes showing various PFGE types in the tonsils of pigs could indicate a potential source of contamination of pluck sets, carcasses, and the slaughterhouse environment and of subsequent processing steps.
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Chen, Yongjie, Runxiang Zhang, Susu Ding, Haoyang Nian, Xiangyin Zeng, Honggui Liu, Houjuan Xing, Jianhong Li, Jun Bao, and Xiang Li. "Transcriptome Revealed Exposure to the Environmental Ammonia Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Injury in Spleen of Fattening Pigs." Animals 12, no. 9 (May 7, 2022): 1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12091204.
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Ammonia is one of the major environmental pollutants that seriously threaten human health. Although many studies have shown that ammonia causes oxidative stress and inflammation in spleen tissue, the mechanism of action is still unclear. In this study, the ammonia poisoning model of fattening pigs was successfully established. We examined the morphological changes and antioxidant functions of fattening pig spleen after 30-day exposure to ammonia. Effects of ammonia in the fattening pig spleen were analyzed from the perspective of oxidative stress, inflammation, and histone methylation via transcriptome sequencing technology (RNA-seq) and real-time quantitative PCR validation (qRT-PCR). We obtained 340 differential expression genes (DEGs) by RNA-seq. Compared with the control group, 244 genes were significantly upregulated, and 96 genes were significantly downregulated in the ammonia gas group. Some genes in Gene Ontology (GO) terms were verified and showed significant differences by qRT-PCR. The KEGG pathway revealed significant changes in the MAPK signaling pathway, which is strongly associated with inflammatory injury. To sum up, the results indicated that ammonia induces oxidative stress in pig spleen, activates the MAPK signaling pathway, and causes spleen necrosis and injury. In addition, some differential genes encoding epigenetic factors were found, which may be involved in the response mechanism of spleen tissue oxidative damage. The present study provides a transcriptome database of ammonia-induced spleen poisoning, providing a reference for risk assessment and comparative medicine of ammonia.
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Partanen, Krisi H., and Zdzislaw Mroz. "Organic acids for performance enhancement in pig diets." Nutrition Research Reviews 12, no. 1 (June 1999): 117–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/095442299108728884.
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AbstractOrganic acids and their salts appear to be potential alternatives to prophylactic in-feed antibiotics and growth promoters in order to improve the performance of weaned piglets, fattening pigs and reproductive sows, although their growth-promoting effects are generally less than that of antibiotics. Based on an analysis of published data, the growth-promoting effect of formates, fumarates and citrates did not differ in weaned piglets. In fattening pigs, formates were the most effective followed by fumarates, whereas propionates did not improve growth performance. These acids improved the feedgain ratio of both weaned piglets and fattening pigs. In weaned piglets, the growth-promoting effects of dietary organic acids appear to depend greatly on their influence on feed intake. In sows, organic acids may have anti-agalactia properties. Successful application of organic acids in the diets for pigs requires an understanding of their modes of action. It is generally considered that dietary organic acids or their salts lower gastric pH, resulting in increased activity of proteolytic enzymes and gastric retention time, and thus improved protein digestion. Reduced gastric pH and increased retention time have been difficult to demonstrate, whereas improved apparent ileal digestibilities of protein and amino acids have been observed with growing pigs, but not in weaned piglets. Organic acids may influence mucosal morphology, as well as stimulate pancreatic secretions, and they also serve as substrates in intermediary metabolism. These may further contribute to improved digestion, absorption and retention of many dietary nutrients. Organic acid supplementation reduces dietary buffering capacity, which is expected to slow down the proliferation and|or colonization of undesirable microbes, e.g. Escherichia coli, in the gastro-ileal region. However, reduced scouring has been observed in only a few studies. As performance responses to dietary organic acids in pigs often varies, more specific studies are necessary to elucidate an explanation.
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Khodosovsky, D. N., V. I. Bezzubov, A. A. Khochenkov, I. I. Rudakovskaya, V. A. Bezmen, A. S. Petrushko, A. N. Solyanik, et al. "MEASURES TO IMPROVE THE PRODUCTIVITY OF FATTENING YOUNG PIGS ON LONG-TERM INDUSTRIAL COMPLEXES." Transactions of the educational establishment “Vitebsk the Order of “the Badge of Honor” State Academy of Veterinary Medicine 58, no. 2 (2022): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52368/2078-0109-2022-58-2-70-75.
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This article contains the data of studies, the objective of which was to develop schemes of preventive drugs applica-tion in the fattening of young pigs on a long-term industrial complex with a limit-exceeding young pig waste due to “biological fatigue” of the premises. Probiotic, antimicrobial and anti-stress drugs application scheme developed on the basis of the data obtained made it possible to increase the average daily gain of fattening stock by 33 g and increase the production of pork by 5.4%.
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Clauß, M., S. Linke, and A. C. Springorum. "Distribution of total bacteria and staphylococci in PM2.5, PM10 and total dust in the emission of two fattening pig houses/Verteilung von Gesamtbakterien und Staphylokokken in PM2,5, PM10 und Gesamtstaub in der Emission von zwei Mastschweineställen." Gefahrstoffe 80, no. 09 (2020): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/0949-8036-2020-09-22.
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The particle size distribution of airborne bacterial conglomerates is an important factor in calculating possible spread distances of the bacteria over the air. Therefore, a size-selective collection system based on an emission impinger was developed to compare the distribution of total bacteria and staphylococci in particle fractions PM2.5, PM10 and total dust in the emission of two fattening pig stables. Mean emissions of 7.2 × 104 cfu/m³ total bacteria, 6.1 × 104 cfu/m³ staphylococci and 2.8 × 106 cells/m3 measured. About 30% of total bacteria and staphylococci were found in the PM2.5 particle size fraction and about 60% in PM10. The average dust distribution was 80% PM10 and 60% PM2.5. The results show that airborne bacteria from fattening pig units mainly occur on larger particles and do not correlate with dust fractions. The found conditions should be considered in future dispersion modelling.
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Akamati, Konstantina, George P. Laliotis, and Iosif Bizelis. "Comparative Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Pig Farming Using Tier Inventories." Environments 9, no. 5 (May 13, 2022): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments9050059.
Full textAbstract:
Although pig meat accounts for nearly half of total meat production in Europe, less attention has been focused on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of pig farming. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the impact of pig livestock on GHG emissions during the period 2015–2020 in major European countries, including Greece, using different computational approaches (Tier 1, Tier 2, Gleam-i software v. 2.0 developed by FAO, Rome, Italy). A semi-extensive pig farm was also used as a small-scale scenario. The ranking of the countries related to GHG emissions was not affected by the applied methodology. Spain had the highest emissions due to the higher number of farming animals. The noted numeric differences in the estimations can be attributed to the elaborated and different equational approach that Tier 2 methodology and Gleam-i followed, considering many livestock parameters. Additionally, the semi-extensive farm had lower emissions/fewer animal compared to the average intensive pig farm in the Greek territory. The Tier 1 approach revealed that breeding animals produces more to the emissions, contrary to Tier 2, which showed that fattening pigs is responsible for the majority of GHG emissions. Therefore, specific animal categories could be targeted (i.e., fattening gilts) in a more specialized manner apart from general strategies (i.e., animal improvement).
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Dewey, CE, C. Haley, T. Widowski, Z. Poljak, and RM Friendship. "Factors associated with in-transit losses of fattening pigs." Animal Welfare 18, no. 4 (November 2009): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600000750.
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AbstractIn-transit losses (ITL) in fattening pigs refers to mortality occurring after having left the farm but prior to stunning at the abattoir. The purpose of this observational study was to identify the associations between environmental and truck temperatures, distances travelled, feed withdrawal, farm, transport company and abattoir and in-transit losses of fattening pigs marketed in Ontario, Canada from 2001 to 2004. A prospective study of 104 trips was conducted to determine temperatures inside the truck and identify the factors associated with this. In 2001, ITL was 0.017%, with 75% of producers losing < 5 pigs annually. In-transit losses increased between distances travelled of 590 to 720 km and decreased at distances greater than 980 km. The Pig Comfort Index, a combination of temperature and humidity, was used to identify thresholds of environmental conditions above which in-transit losses increased. The farm at which the pig was raised explained more variation of ITL (25%) than transport company (8%) or abattoir (16%). The within-farm ITL in 2003 had a positive association with those in 2001 and 2002. Withdrawing food prior to transport may decrease ITL on some farms. The temperature in truck compartments holding pigs increased by 0.99°C as the environmental temperature increased by 1°C and by 0.1°C as the relative humidity increased by 1%. Truck temperature decreased 0.06°C for each increase in driving speed of 10 km h−1 and increased by 7°C with an increase in pig density from one to 2.6 pigs per m2.
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NISKANEN, TAINA, MARIA FREDRIKSSON-AHOMAA, and HANNU KORKEALA. "Yersinia pseudotuberculosis with Limited Genetic Diversity Is a Common Finding in Tonsils of Fattening Pigs." Journal of Food Protection 65, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 540–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-65.3.540.
Full textAbstract:
A total of 425 pig tonsils, including 210 tonsils from fattening pigs and 215 from sows, from seven different abattoirs in Finland were studied for the occurrence of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis from 1999 to 2000. The mean prevalence of Y. pseudotuberculosis in fattening pig tonsils was 4%, varying from 0 to 10% between slaughterhouses. Y. pseudotuberculosis was not recovered from sow tonsils. All 30 Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates from eight pig tonsils were recovered after cold enrichment. Seventeen isolates from seven tonsils were found after cold enrichment for 14 days, followed by alkali treatment. Y. pseudotuberculosis was not isolated after direct plating, overnight enrichment, or selective enrichment. All 30 isolates belonged to bioserotype 2/O:3 and carried the virF gene in the virulence plasmid. The isolates exhibited calcium dependence and Congo red absorption. The pyrazinamidase test gave variable results. All isolates were characterized with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Using SpeI, NotI, and XbaI enzymes, seven, five, and two different PFGE patterns were obtained, respectively. A total of 11 genotypes, gI to gXI, identified by a combination of the various SpeI, NotI, and XbaI profiles, were detected. Three pigs were found to carry more than one genotype. Overall, variations between PFGE patterns were small, indicating genetic homogeneity among pig strains of bioserotype 2/O:3.
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Nadal-Roig, Esteve, Lluís Miquel Plà-Aragonès, and Víctor Manuel Albornoz. "Supply Chains: Planning the Transportation of Animals among Facilities." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 31, 2023): 2523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032523.
Full textAbstract:
Pig supply chains conform differently depending on country; however, the industrial production of pig meat has led to an increasing specialization of agents taking part in the supply chain production. Nowadays, pigs are rarely produced in one single farm, the existence of specialized farms devoted to breeding, rearing, and fattening pigs being more common since this organization provides sanitary advantages against disease outbreaks. Management strategies such as batch management in sow and fattening farms add complexity to the production management. Pigs have to be transferred from facility to facility as they are growing and sent to the abattoir as soon as they reach commercial weight. All these stages involve either independent farmers or farmers integrated in some pig supply chain management organization operating with production contracts or cooperation agreements. This study presented the challenge of using a stochastic model for planning the transportation of animals among facilities in pig supply chains over time. The model provides an optimal schedule of transfers between farms, occupancy rate, and trucks involved. The integrality of several variables was relaxed, and further analysis was performed in view of inspecting the model behavior for achieving practical decision support. We demonstrated that we can achieve good enough results in few minutes and, so, practical use is feasible.