Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fats oils grease (FOG) / Journal articles

Journal articles on the topic 'Fats oils grease (FOG)'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Fats oils grease (FOG).

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Fats oils grease (FOG).'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Parnell, Dan. "INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO FATS, OILS, AND GREASE (FOG) MANAGEMENT." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2005, no. 8 (January 1, 2005): 6737–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864705783858530.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Shaffer, John, Stan Steinbach, Bart Hamlett, Wyatt Troxel, Frank Dryden, and Nancy Wheatley. "FATS, OILS, AND GREASE (FOG) CONTROL STUDY REPORT FOG Control Building Blocks." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2005, no. 8 (January 1, 2005): 6762–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864705783858819.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Werlein, Brent. "Clearing the Fog Fats, Oils, and Grease Management and SSOs." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2018, no. 3 (January 1, 2018): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864718824941294.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Palacios, Ronald N., Hansong Lee, Steven S. Fan, and Michael A. Soto. "From Grease to Gas: Anaerobic Digestion of Fats, Oils, Grease (FOG) at the Hyperion Treatment Plant." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2012, no. 14 (January 1, 2012): 2614–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864712811725979.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Dominic, Christopher Cyril Sandeep, Megan Szakasits, Lisa O. Dean, and Joel J. Ducoste. "Understanding the spatial formation and accumulation of fats, oils and grease deposits in the sewer collection system." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 8 (October 1, 2013): 1830–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.428.

Full text

Abstract:

Sanitary sewer overflows are caused by the accumulation of insoluble calcium salts of fatty acids, which are formed by the reaction between fats, oils and grease (FOG) and calcium found in wastewaters. Different sewer structural configurations (i.e., manholes, pipes, wet wells), which vary spatially, along with other obstructions (roots intrusion) and pipe deformations (pipe sags), may influence the detrimental buildup of FOG deposits. The purpose of this study was to quantify the spatial variation in FOG deposit formation and accumulation in a pilot-scale sewer collection system. The pilot system contained straight pipes, manholes, roots intrusion, and a pipe sag. Calcium and oil were injected into the system and operated at alkaline (pH = 10) and neutral (pH = 7) pH conditions. Results showed that solid accumulations were slightly higher at neutral pH. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis on the solids samples confirmed that the solids were indeed calcium-based fatty acid salts. However, the fatty acid profiles of the solids deviated from the profile found from FOG deposits in sewer systems, which were primarily saturated fatty acids. These results confirm the work done previously by researchers and suggest an alternative fate of unsaturated fatty acids that does not lead to their incorporation in FOG deposits in full-scale sewer systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

He, X., and F. L. de los Reyes. "Microbial and Chemical Characterization of Grease Interceptors for Removing Fats, Oils, and Grease (FOG) in Sewer Lines." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2010, no. 11 (January 1, 2010): 5595–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864710798193635.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

McIlvaine, Lori, and Michael Flynn. "Clearing Up the FOG The Price of a Fats, Oils, and Grease Program." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2011, no. 8 (January 1, 2011): 6819–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864711802793443.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Motta, Justin D., and Richard S. Parnas. "Creating Renewable Energy from the Effective Management of Fats, Oils, and Grease (FOG)." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2015, no. 2 (January 1, 2015): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864715819559126.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Kuan, Chai, Mark Neng, Yu-Bin Chan, Yoke-Leng Sim, Joel Strothers, and Lawrence Pratt. "Thermal Transformation of Palm Waste to High-Quality Hydrocarbon Fuel." Fuels 1, no. 1 (August 11, 2020): 2–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fuels1010002.

Full text

Abstract:

Empty fruit bunches (EFB) are waste products in the palm oil industry. Upon pressing of EFB, a liquor is produced which contains low grade fats, oils, and greases (FOG). These are the least valuable products of palm oil production, and are often discarded as waste. It is shown here that the EFB pressed liquor can be thermally transformed at or below 350 °C to produce a series of hydrocarbons in the range of kerosene and diesel fuel. This is distinctly different from other studies of biofuels from palm oil, which were based entirely on biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)) and biogas production. Furthermore, this transformation takes place without addition of an external catalyst, as was shown by comparison to reactions with the potential Lewis acid catalysts, ferric sulfate, and molecular sieves. The product distribution is similar to that obtained from brown grease, another waste FOG stream obtained from the sewage treatment industry, although the products from palm oil waste are less sensitive to reaction conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Shaffer, John, and Stan Steinbach. "FOG Control Additive Field Testing Evaluations Orange County Fats, Oils, and Grease (FOG) Control Study Phase II." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2007, no. 11 (October 1, 2007): 6883–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864707787223899.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Vinci, Paul J., Jayson J. Page, Edwin Castilla-Rodriguez, James Ferguson, and Bruce Chalmers. "FOG – Figuring Out Good Solution to Fats, Oils and Grease in Advanced Wastewater Treatment Systems." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2010, no. 12 (January 1, 2010): 4369–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864710798182763.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Flippin, T. Houston, Lynn Petersen, Brian Brazil, and Kartik Radhakrishnan. "Fats, Oils and Grease (FOG) Pretreatment Limits: Intent and Serious Impact of Highly Variable Implementation." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2014, no. 13 (October 1, 2014): 6784–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864714815939381.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Ohanian, Edick, Michael Sarullo, Richard Mayer, Surendra Thakral, and Ali R. Ahmadi Motlagh. "Expansion of Fats, Oils, Grease (FOG) Facility at Hyperion Treatment Plant, Los Angeles – Alternatives Evaluation." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2014, no. 9 (October 1, 2014): 5521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864714815941261.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Davis, Marci, Lisa Robbins, Jodi O'Brien, and James Jones. "Unclog the FOG: Mixing Facts, Fun, and Flash for a Community Outreach Program on Fats, Oils, and Grease." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2010, no. 18 (January 1, 2010): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864710798130481.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Shende, Akshay D., Swati Dhenkula, Neti Nageswara Rao, and Girish R. Pophali. "An improved primary wastewater treatment system for a slaughterhouse industry: a full-scale experience." Water Science and Technology 85, no. 5 (February 3, 2022): 1688–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2022.041.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The effluent streams from individual slaughtering operations were segregated based on the degree of similarity and were treated separately. The wastewater from lairage and paunch sections was dominant in suspended solids (SS: 6,000–25,000 mg/L) and was separated using a hydrasieve (500 μm) and externally fed rotary drum filter (EFRDF, 200 μm), respectively. The SS removal efficiency of the hydrasieve and EFRDF was 75% and 55%, respectively, and remaining solids were removed through a primary clarifier. The fats, oils and grease (FOG: 12,000–35,000 mg/L) containing streams from the hide fleshing, rendering, intestine, and tripe washing were routed through a skimming tank. The SS and FOG removal efficiencies through the skimming tank were 75% and 90%, respectively. Any FOG remaining after the skimming tank was removed using dissolved air flotation which achieved 95% FOG removal. In addition, the efficiency of chemical oxygen demand removal through the primary treatment system was more than 80%. The effluent obtained after primary treatment was SS and FOG ≤ 200 and 100 mg/L. The segregation of streams and their separate treatment offered benefits such as resource recovery, reduced waste load on downstream secondary treatment and overall ease in slaughterhouse wastewater treatment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Sello, Mpho Gladness, and Saheed A. Oke. "Investigating the correlation of nitrates and phosphates to the effective removal of Fats, Oils, and Grease in Two Mangaung Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1087, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1087/1/012040.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This study is about the effectiveness of wastewater treatment technologies in two treatment plants at Mangaung Municipality in South Africa. The removal of FOG, nitrogen and phosphorus is an important component of wastewater treatment. Therefore, the study aims at investigating the effectiveness of the two treatment technologies (biological trickling filter and activated sludge) in the wastewater treatment plants studied. Grab samples of the influent and effluent of the North East Wastewater Treatment Plant (NEWTP) and the Bloemspruit Wastewater Treatment Plant (BWTP) were collected per week over a period of five months. The laboratory analysis of FOG followed the description of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 1664B. Hexane extraction and gravimetry-PBM method was used in the analysis. Nitrates were analysed using a SOP Chem 005 Spectroquant Nitrate test while phosphates were analysed using a Spectroquant Prove spectrophotometer in the laboratory. The results showed that the trickling filter from BWTP removed FOG by 61.36% while the activated sludge from NEWTP removed FOG by 52.81% which showed that the both of the two treatment technologies work the same and are ineffective in the removal of FOG. However, the nitrates and phosphates present in the effluent were found to be within the effluent discharge standards.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Ngobeni, Philadelphia Vutivi, Larryngeai Gutu, Moses Basitere, Theo Harding, and David Ikumi. "Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment Using an Integrated Biological and Electrocoagulation Treatment System: Process Optimisation Using Response Surface Methodology." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 3, 2022): 9561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159561.

Full text

Abstract:

The feasibility of a biological (EcoflushTM) and/or electrocoagulation (EC) treatment system in removing chemical oxygen demand (COD) and fats, oils, and grease (FOG) from poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW) were studied. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to identify the optimum operating condition for EC and its integration with EcoflushTM as a pre-treatment for the removal of lipids. The optimum operating conditions were obtained at a pH of 3.05, a current density of 66.9 A/m2, 74-min of treatment time, and without Ecoflush™. These conditions produced a high-quality clarified effluent after 92.4% COD reduction and 99% FOG reduction. The treatment with EcoflushTM only resulted in 85–99% FOG reduction, 20–50% COD reduction, and odourless effluent. However, the combination of both processes (EcoflushTM and EC) did not yield a significant difference (F test, p > 0.05) when compared to the performance of EC alone. Despite the low removal percentages of nitrogen and phosphorus, the present study proved that EC is an effective method for the removal of COD and FOG, rendering an effluent that meets the permissible discharge standards for the City of Cape Town. The novel Ecoflush™ also proved to be very efficient in the removal of FOG from PSW.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Collin, Thomas Denis, Rachel Cunningham, Mohammed Qasim Asghar, Raffaella Villa, Jitka MacAdam, and Bruce Jefferson. "Assessing the potential of enhanced primary clarification to manage fats, oils and grease (FOG) at wastewater treatment works." Science of The Total Environment 728 (August 2020): 138415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138415.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Loe, Ryan, Yasmeen Lavoignat, Miranda Maier, Mohanad Abdallah, Tonya Morgan, Dali Qian, Robert Pace, Eduardo Santillan-Jimenez, and Mark Crocker. "Continuous Catalytic Deoxygenation of Waste Free Fatty Acid-Based Feeds to Fuel-Like Hydrocarbons Over a Supported Ni-Cu Catalyst." Catalysts 9, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9020123.

Full text

Abstract:

While commercial hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) processes convert fats, oils, and grease (FOG) to fuel-like hydrocarbons, alternative processes based on decarboxylation/decarbonylation (deCOx) continue to attract interest. In this contribution, the activity of 20% Ni-5% Cu/Al2O3 in the deCOx of waste free fatty acid (FFA)-based feeds—including brown grease (BG) and an FFA feed obtained by steam stripping a biodiesel feedstock—was investigated, along with the structure-activity relationships responsible for Ni promotion by Cu and the structural evolution of catalysts during use and regeneration. In eight-hour experiments, near quantitative conversion of the aforementioned feeds to diesel-like hydrocarbons was achieved. Moreover, yields of diesel-like hydrocarbons in excess of 80% were obtained at all reaction times during a BG upgrading experiment lasting 100 h, after which the catalyst was successfully regenerated in situ and found to display improved performance during a second 100 h cycle. Insights into this improved performance were obtained through characterization of the fresh and spent catalyst, which indicated that metal particle sintering, alloying of Ni with Cu, and particle enrichment with Cu occur during reaction and/or catalyst regeneration.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Robertson, L., T. J. Britz, and G. O. Sigge. "Impact of ozone pre-treatment on the performance of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket treating pre-treated grain distillery wastewater." Water Science and Technology 70, no. 10 (October 24, 2014): 1702–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.435.

Full text

Abstract:

Two 2 L laboratory-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors were operated for 277 days. The substrate of the control reactor (Rc) contained grain distillery wastewater (GDWW) that had undergone coagulant pre-treatment, and the substrate of the second UASB reactor consisted of GDWW that had undergone coagulant pre-treatment and ozone pre-treatment (Ro). Both reactors treated pre-treated GDWW successfully at ca. 9 kgCOD m−3 d−1. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) reductions of ca. 96% for Rc and 93% for Ro were achieved. Fats, oils and grease (FOG) reductions (%) showed variations throughout the study, and reductions of ca. 88 and 92% were achieved for Rc and Ro, respectively. Rc produced more biogas, and the methane percentage was similar in both reactors. UASB granule washout in Rc suggested possible toxicity of unsaturated fatty acids present in non-ozonated substrate. The feasibility of FOG removal was demonstrated as both reactors successfully treated pre-treated GDWW. Better results were obtained for Ro effluent during post-ozonation. The ozone pre-treatment possibly led to easier degradable wastewater, and better results could potentially be obtained when other post-treatment steps are applied. Ozone pre-treatment did not, however, show an added benefit in the reactor performance results.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Collin, Thomas, Rachel Cunningham, Bruce Jefferson, and Raffaella Villa. "Characterisation and energy assessment of fats, oils and greases (FOG) waste at catchment level." Waste Management 103 (February 2020): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.12.040.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Taipabu, Muhammad Ikhsan, Karthickeyan Viswanathan, Wei Wu, and Zoltan K. Nagy. "Production of renewable fuels and chemicals from fats, oils, and grease (FOG) using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts: Design, validation, and optimization." Chemical Engineering Journal 424 (November 2021): 130199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.130199.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Yousefelahiyeh, Roya, Christopher Cyril Sandeep Dominic, and Joel Ducoste. "A numerical method to simulate and assess the formation of Fats, Oils & Grease (FOG) deposits in a sewer collection system." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2013, no. 10 (January 1, 2013): 5063–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864713813692612.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Williams, Todd O., Dale Gabel, and Dan Robillard. "FOG Waste receiving and processing facility design considerations." Water Practice and Technology 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2018.023.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Fats, Oils, and Grease (FOG) wastes and high-strength wastes (HSW) are frequently received at municipal water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) as trucked-in wastes. These wastes offer significant benefits in terms of revenue from tipping fees and feedstock for co-digestion in anaerobic digesters that produce biogas, which can be beneficially used as fuel. The number of treatment plants receiving and beneficially using trucked-in wastes currently in operation or under investigation is increasing rapidly across the North America as utilities strive to remove this material from normal wastewater to avoid sewer system clogging, maintenance and backups, avoid the oxygen demand of these wastes in secondary treatment systems, and to capture and beneficially reuse the energy that is contained within the material. Historically, trucked-in wastes have been discharged to the head end of treatment plants or to an upstream manhole in the incoming interceptor sewer to enable the material to be mixed with raw wastewater prior to treatment through the liquid stream of the WRRF. However, this approach results in loss of material and degradation of the energy value of the FOG wastes and HSW and also creates collection and maintenance issues in the preliminary and primary treatment systems. To prevent degradation of the material and retain maximum energy for the CHP system, receiving stations are being constructed for direct off-loading of the wastes to processing and storage facilities prior to their transfer to anaerobic digesters at a relatively uniform rate to minimize the potential for digester upsets while at the same time to increase biogas production. This paper presents the key components and considerations in the design and operation of modern FOG waste receiving and processing facilities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Basitere, M., M. Njoya, S. K. O. Ntwampe, and M. S. Sheldon. "Up-flow vs downflow anaerobic digester reactor configurations for treatment of fats-oil-grease laden poultry slaughterhouse wastewater: a review." Water Practice and Technology 15, no. 2 (March 20, 2020): 248–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2020.023.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The process of anaerobic digestion has been and still remains the most efficient, cost effective and environmentally benign treatment process for poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW). The PSW is characterized by a high concentration in chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and fats, oil including grease (FOG). The reactor configuration influences the performance of such anaerobic systems in the treatment of such oily wastewater. The up-flow reactor configuration provided by the Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Bioreactor or the Expanded Granular Sludge Bioreactor (EGSB) are highly dependent on up-flow velocity, which often contributes to periodical sludge washout during the treatment of PSW with high FOG and total suspended solids (TSS) concentration, resulting in poor reactor performance in comparison with downflow reactors such as the Static Granular Bed Reactor (SGBR), which achieves high organic load removal efficiency particularly when treating PSW due to its ability to retain sludge granules and solidified residue within the reactor. The washout of the sludge results from sludge flotation, which is induced by the inhibition of the anaerobic granular biomass by the accumulation of long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) from poor hydrolysis. The aim of this review is to highlight reactor configuration deficiencies, and to elaborate on the advantages of using anaerobic digestion for the treatment of FOG-laden PSW, with a focus on reactor performance. Additionally, a comparative analysis between up-flow reactors, such as the UASB including EGSB, and downflow reactors, such as SGBR, was performed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Szabo-Corbacho, Maria Alejandra, Santiago Pacheco-Ruiz, Diana Míguez, Christine M. Hooijmans, Damir Brdjanovic, Hector A. García, and Jules B. van Lier. "Influence of the Sludge Retention Time on Membrane Fouling in an Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) Treating Lipid-Rich Dairy Wastewater." Membranes 12, no. 3 (February 25, 2022): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12030262.

Full text

Abstract:

This study evaluated the effects of sludge retention time (SRT) on the membrane filtration performance of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) fed lipid-rich synthetic dairy wastewater. The membrane filtration performance was evaluated in two AnMBR systems operated at two different SRTs, i.e., 20 and 40 days. For the AnMBR operated at 40 days, SRT exhibited worse membrane filtration performance characterized by operational transmembrane pressures (TMP) exceeding the maximum allowed value and high total resistances to filtration (Rtotal). The sludge in the two reactors evaluated at the different SRTs showed similar sludge filterability properties. However, the sludge in the reactor operated at 40 days SRT was characterized by exhibiting the highest concentrations of: (i) total suspended solids (TSS), (ii) small-sized particles, (iii) extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), (iv) soluble microbial products (SMP), (v) fats, oils and grease (FOG), and (vi) long-chain fatty acids (LCFA). The cake layer resistance was the major contributor to the overall resistance to filtration. The high TSS concentration observed in the AnMBR systems apparently contributed to a less permeable cake layer introducing a negative effect on the membrane filtration performance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Parry, D. L., and L. Fillmore. "Overcoming barriers to codigestion." Water Practice and Technology 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2016.039.

Full text

Abstract:

Codigestion of organic waste with municipal wastewater sludge is growing rapidly. It has many benefits, including diversion of organic waste from landfills, increased renewable energy from biogas production, and potential for revenue from tipping fees. However, there are still barriers to greater widespread application of codigestion. Economics, need for collaboration between utilities, impacts on wastewater application, unsupportive regulations and risks to core wastewater treatment business are obstacles that slow wider adoption of codigestion throughout the world. The research presented analyzes the economic impacts of codigestion, predicts the additional biogas production, and determines the allowable organic loading rate and fats oils and grease (FOG) addition for stable digestion operation. The economic impacts were analyzed on a life cycle cost basis and presented in terms of required tipping fees for different organic wastes, electric rates and residuals handling costs. Standard biochemical methane potential tests were conducted to estimate biogas production from various organic wastes. The specific energy loading rate (SELR) was used to express the allowable organic loading rate. Results from the economic analysis showed that codigestion using existing digesters at a municipal water reclamation facility is more economical than building new digesters. Codigestion was more economical at facilities with high electricity costs and low cost of residuals. Tipping fees for receiving organic waste would be required to offset the net cost of codigestion for wastes other than FOG. There was a net positive economic benefit of receiving FOG without a tipping fee. The upper limit of FOG for stable digestion was found to be 60 percent of the feed by chemical oxygen demand (COD). Stable digestion can be achieved with an SELR of less than 0.25 kgCOD/day/kgVS. The SELR accounts for the strength or energy content of the organic feed measured in COD. It was observed and accounted for by the SELR that anaerobic digesters loaded at higher solids concentrations (resulting in greater inventory of microorganisms in the digesters) can be fed at higher loading rates. Insights into the economics of codigestion and allowable organic loading rates for high strength organic wastes help to overcome some of the barriers to widespread application of codigestion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Mateo Pérez, Vanesa, José Manuel Mesa Fernández, Joaquín Villanueva Balsera, and Cristina Alonso Álvarez. "A Random Forest Model for the Prediction of FOG Content in Inlet Wastewater from Urban WWTPs." Water 13, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091237.

Full text

Abstract:

The content of fats, oils, and greases (FOG) in wastewater, as a result of food preparation, both in homes and in different commercial and industrial activities, is a growing problem. In addition to the blockages generated in the sanitary networks, it also represents a difficulty for the performance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), increasing energy and maintenance costs and worsening the performance of downstream treatment processes. The pretreatment stage of these facilities is responsible for removing most of the FOG to avoid these problems. However, so far, optimization has been limited to the correct design and initial installation dimensioning. Proper management of this initial stage is left to the experience of the operators to adjust the process when changes occur in the characteristics of the wastewater inlet. The main difficulty is the large number of factors influencing these changes. In this work, a prediction model of the FOG content in the inlet water is presented. The model is capable of correctly predicting 98.45% of the cases in training and 72.73% in testing, with a relative error of 10%. It was developed using random forest (RF) and the good results obtained (R2 = 0.9348 and RMSE = 0.089 in test) will make it possible to improve operations in this initial stage. The good features of this machine learning algorithm had not been used, so far, in the modeling of pretreatment parameters. This novel approach will result in a global improvement in the performance of this type of facility allowing early adoption of adjustments to the pretreatment process to remove the maximum amount of FOG.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Abdel-Aal, Mohamad, Raffaella Villa, Natalia Jawiarczyk, Luca Alibardi, Henriette Jensen, Alma Schellart, Bruce Jefferson, Paul Shepley, and Simon Tait. "Potential influence of sewer heat recovery on in-sewer processes." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 12 (December 15, 2019): 2344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.061.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Heat recovery from combined sewers has a significant potential for practical renewable energy provision as sources of heat demand and sewer pipes are spread across urban areas. Sewers are continuously recharged with relatively hot wastewater, as well as interacting with heat sources from surrounding air and soil. However, the potential effects of modifying sewage temperature on in-sewer processes have received little attention. The deposition of fats, oils and greases (FOGs) and hydrogen sulphide formation are biochemical processes and are thus influenced by temperature. This paper utilises a case study approach to simulate anticipated temperature reductions in a sewer network due to heat recovery. A laboratory investigation into the formation of FOG deposits at temperatures varying between 5 °C and 20 °C provided mixed results, with only a weak temperature influence, highlighting the need for more research to fully understand the influence of the wastewater composition as well as temperature on FOG deposit formation. A separate modelling investigation into the formation of hydrogen sulphide when inflow temperature is varied between 5 °C and 20 °C showed considerable reductions in hydrogen sulphide formation. Hence, heat extraction from sewers could be a promising method for managing some in-sewer processes, combined with traditional methods such as chemical dosing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

De León, Carlos, Bob Wimmer, and Patricia Scanlan. "Fats, Oils and Grease Marketing Analysis." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2010, no. 4 (January 1, 2010): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864710802767470.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Ho, Yuek Ming, and Nur Azura Berahim. "Practices in the Management of Domestic Fats, Oil and Grease." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 2036–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.2036.

Full text

Abstract:

Obstruction by fats, oil and grease (FOG) clogs in sewer pipelines results in high building maintenance costs. FOG in wastewater poses threats to properties and causes pollution of waterways and groundwater. A survey was carried out among residential households in the suburban township of Bandar Baru Bangi, Malaysia, to identify domestic practices in the handling and management of kitchen wastes. Improper practices in the disposal of kitchen wastes containing FOG is found to be the major cause of FOG accumulation in sewer pipes and drains. Preventive practices in the management of FOG in domestic kitchen waste should be the first line of solutions in mitigating FOG.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Kolet, Mirit, Daniel Zerbib, Faina Nakonechny, and Marina Nisnevitch. "Production of Biodiesel from Brown Grease." Catalysts 10, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10101189.

Full text

Abstract:

Among the renewable energy sources is biodiesel. This fuel is usually produced by catalytic transesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats under heating and pressure. Brown grease is a mixture of oils, fats, solids and detergents from food industry wastes that is captured in grease traps. Brown grease is classified as waste and must be treated and disposed of appropriately. It contains oils and fats that can be converted into biodiesel. However, the high concentration of free fatty acids in brown grease does not enable the use of conventional biodiesel production schemes. This study proposes a new scheme for biodiesel production from brown grease. In addition, conditions for the effective separation of a fat phase from brown grease were tested, and the composition of a fatty phase was determined for several grease traps. Esterification and transesterification of brown grease lipids were carried out with methanol, where the Lewis acids BF3 and AlCl3 were used as catalysts and the reaction was activated by ultrasound. The results show that biodiesel can be obtained from brown grease by esterification and transesterification within several minutes under ultrasonic activation at room temperature. These results open prospects for the development of efficient, low-cost and environmentally friendly biodiesel production.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Lipp, Bryan, and Christopher G. Schmit. "Anaerobic Respirometry Studies of Fats, Oils, and Grease." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2014, no. 9 (October 1, 2014): 7263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864714815941333.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Johnson, Thomas, Srinivas Jalla, George Kaffezakis, and Bob Forbes. "Making Energy From Biosolids, Fats, Oils and Grease." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2010, no. 14 (January 1, 2010): 2738–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864710798170838.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Yousefelahiyeh, Roya, Christopher Cyril Sandeep Dominic, and Joel Ducoste. "Modeling fats, oil and grease deposit formation and accumulation in sewer collection systems." Journal of Hydroinformatics 19, no. 3 (March 7, 2017): 443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2017.016.

Full text

Abstract:

Fats, oil and grease (FOG) deposits in sewer systems are responsible for approximately 25% of all annual line blockages in the United States and lead to the release of 3–10 million gallons of untreated wastewater to the surrounding environment. Considerable effort has been made to maintain the conveyance of wastewater by cleaning pipes that have a significant FOG deposit accumulation. Changes in the urban landscape from the addition or deletion of food service establishments (FSEs), however, may pose challenges in determining the location of these high accumulation zones. This research focuses on the development of a sewer collection system model that predicts high FOG deposit accumulation zones. Two collection systems were simulated to test the prediction capabilities of the tool and to assess how changes in the urban landscape affect the location of these accumulation zones. The numerical tool incorporates a mechanistic-based FOG deposit formation kinetic model. Results showed that the model predicts about 65% of the reported high FOG deposit accumulating zones. Simulations also showed significant changes in the location of these high FOG deposit accumulating zones from changes in the number and locations of FSEs and from FSE discharge and background wastewater flow variations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Suto, Paul, Donald M. D. Gray, Eric Larsen, and John Hake. "INNOVATIVE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION INVESTIGATION OF FATS, OILS, AND GREASE." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2006, no. 2 (January 1, 2006): 858–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864706783796853.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Duong, Thuy Thi Thanh, Kien Trung Pham, Phuoc Van Nguyen, and Phuong Thi Thanh Nguyen. "Production of biodiesel from vegetable oils and animal fats in waste water." Science and Technology Development Journal 16, no. 1 (March 31, 2013): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i1.1382.

Full text

Abstract:

This study was performed to produce biodiesel from vegetable oils and animal fats in waste water of Park Hyatt Saigon hotel. The survey was performed to determine the optimum reaction condition for converting waste grease into biodiesel. The reaction was conducted at 60, 90 and 120 minutes; the catalyst dosage (NaOH) of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 g; ratio of 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1 MeOH : grease. The reaction temperature was 600C. The optimal reaction conditions were found to be 90 minutes, catalyst dosage of 4 g, ratio of 5:1 MeOH : grease. The efficient conversion achieved 80% biodiesel and 20% crude glycerin.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

McNeil, David E. "The Tempe Grease Cooperative: Bridging the Procured Compliance Accountability Gap for Fats, Oils and Grease." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2016, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864716821123503.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Faria, José, André Sousa, Arsénio Reis, Vitor Filipe, and João Barroso. "Probe and Sensors Development for Level Measurement of Fats, Oils and Grease in Grease Boxes." Sensors 16, no. 9 (September 16, 2016): 1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16091517.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

McNeil, David E. "The Tempe Grease Cooperative: Bridging the Procured Compliance Accountability Gap for Fats, Oils and Grease." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2015, no. 4 (January 1, 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864715819557498.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Baginski, James. "EFFECTIVE FATS, OILS AND GREASE CONTROL: HONOLULU'S PROGRAM RESULTS." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2004, no. 10 (January 1, 2004): 693–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864704784131734.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

da Silva Almeida, H., O. A. Corrêa, C. C. Ferreira, H. J. Ribeiro, D. A. R. de Castro, M. S. Pereira, A. de Andrade Mâncio, et al. "Diesel-like hydrocarbon fuels by catalytic cracking of fat, oils, and grease (FOG) from grease traps." Journal of the Energy Institute 90, no. 3 (June 2017): 337–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2016.04.008.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Brooksbank, A. M., J. W. Latchford, and S. M. Mudge. "Degradation and modification of fats, oils and grease by commercial microbial supplements." World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 23, no. 7 (December 15, 2006): 977–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11274-006-9323-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Kadam, Ganesh N. "A Research Study of Development of Oil Skimmer for Sugar Industry." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 3815–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35909.

Full text

Abstract:

: In this paper includes the study of the Development of Oil Skimmer for the Sugar Industry. The utilization of skimmers in industrial applications is often needed to remove oils, grease, and fats before more treatment for environmental discharge compliance. Placed before an oily water treatment system, an oil skimmer could give greater overall oil separation efficiency for improved discharge sewer water quality.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Nieuwenhuis, Eva, Jeroen Langeveld, and François Clemens. "The relationship between fat, oil and grease (FOG) deposits in building drainage systems and FOG disposal patterns." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 10 (April 13, 2018): 2388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.173.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Fat, oil and grease (FOG) deposits are an important contributor to blockages in building drainage systems. Such blockages bring undesirable financial, health and environmental costs, and thereby burden society. It is unclear to what extent the behavior of inhabitants, and more precisely domestic FOG disposal, affects the occurrence of FOG blockages. For this study, samples of FOG blockages were collected from building drainage systems (kitchen drains and lateral house connections) and analyzed. The results showed that the deposits were calcium salts of fatty acids. Dissimilarities between the network locations demonstrate that, even at short distance, in-sewer transformation processes occur. Surveys were conducted to reveal information about FOG disposal patterns. Three households showed a clear link between the type of cooking oils used and the type of deposits collected.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Rintoul, Sandy. "ANALYSIS OF FATS, OILS AND GREASE BASED ON HEXANE EXTRACTION AND INFRARED ABSORPTION." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2004, no. 6 (January 1, 2004): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864704784106101.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Statser, Richard, Richard V. Wagner, and Glennis L. Nelson. "Fats, Oils, and Grease Renewed – Turning a Brown Problem into a Green Opportunity." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2013, no. 15 (January 1, 2013): 2791–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864713813674270.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Kwiatkowski, Michal Piotr, Saburoh Satoh, Chobei Yamabe, Satoshi Ihara, and Masanori Nieda. "Removing Fats, Oils and Greases from Grease Trap by Hybrid AOPs (Ozonation and Sonication)." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 132, no. 8 (2012): 649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.132.649.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Zhang, Junsong, Mingming Lu, Fumin Ren, Gerhard Knothe, and Qingshi Tu. "A Greener Alternative Titration Method for Measuring Acid Values of Fats, Oils, and Grease." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 96, no. 10 (August 27, 2019): 1083–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12281.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Dlamini, Derrick Njabuliso, Moses Basitere, Mahomet Njoya, Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe, and Ephraim Kaskote. "Performance Evaluation of a Biological Pre-Treatment Coupled with the Down-Flow Expanded Granular Bed Reactor (DEGBR) for Treatment of Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 6536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146536.

Full text

Abstract:

Poultry slaughterhouse wastewater contains high concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSSs), fats, oil and grease (FOG), proteins and carbohydrates. It is important that the wastewater is treated to acceptable environmental discharge standards. In this study, the poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW) was treated using two-stage processes consisting of a biological pre-treatment using a biodegrading agent (Eco-flushTM) coupled with a down-flow expanded granular bed reactor (DEGBR). The results showed that the biological pre-treatment was observed to be highly effective for removal of FOG, COD and TSS with a removal efficiency of 80 ± 6.3%, 38 ± 8.4% and 56 ± 7.2%, respectively. The DEGBR showed a stable performance in terms FOG, COD and, TSS removal, with average removal efficiencies of 89 ± 2.8%, 87 ± 9.5%, and 94 ± 3.7%, respectively. The overall removal rate performance of the integrated system of pre-treatment and DEGBR in terms FOG, COD and TSS, was 97 ± 0.8%, 92 ± 6.3% and 97 ± 1.2%. Furthermore, the average volatile fatty acid/alkalinity (VFA/Alkalinity) ratio of 0.2 was reported, which indicated that the DEGBR was stable throughout the operation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!