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Journal articles on the topic 'Fatigue stress'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Peng, Bin, and Zhen Xing Yue. "Effect of Uniaxial Compressive Stress on the Partially Fatigued Soft Lead Zirconate Titanate Piezoelectric Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 602-603 (March 2014): 817–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.602-603.817.

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Uniaxial compressive stress was applied during fatigue process of soft lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramics and their fatigue resistance was improved when the stress was larger than 20MPa. Before fatigue, compressive stress had a strong depolarization effect and restricted domains switching behavior under large electric field and domain walls motion under small electric field. However, in a partially fatigued state, while domains switching behavior was still restricted by compressive stress, domain walls motion was enhanced. Removal of the applied stress after partial fatigue induced the remnant polarization restored significantly.

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2

JAYAPRAKASH, Murugesan, and Yoshiharu MUTOH. "PS55 Generalized Tangential Stress Range-Compressive Stress Range Diagram for Predicting Fretting Fatigue Strength." Proceedings of the Materials and Mechanics Conference 2010 (2010): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemm.2010.171.

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3

Segal, BM, W. Thomas, X. Zhu, A. Diebes, G. McElvain, E. Baechler, and M. Gross. "Oxidative stress and fatigue in systemic lupus erythematosus." Lupus 21, no. 9 (April 16, 2012): 984–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203312444772.

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Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship of oxidative stress to fatigue in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SLE by ACR criteria and healthy controls completed validated questionnaires to assess depression and fatigue. Fatigue was measured with the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and the Profile of Fatigue (Prof-F). Visual analogue scales (VAS) were also used to assess fatigue and pain. Depression was measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Plasma F2-isoprostane was measured with gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy to assess oxidative stress. Evaluation included medical record review, physical exam and calculation of body mass index (BMI), disease activity (SLEDAI) and damage (SLICC) in the SLE patients. Results: Seventy-one SLE patients with low disease activity (mean SLEDAI = 1.62 standard error (SE) 0.37, range 0–8) were compared to 51 controls. Fatigue-limiting physical activity (defined as FSS ≥ 4) was present in 56% of patients and 12% of controls. F2-isoprostane was higher in SLE patients with fatigue compared to not-fatigued SLE subjects ( p = .0076) who were otherwise similar in ethnicity, disease activity and cardiovascular risk factors. Plasma F2-isoprostane was strongly correlated with FSS and Profile of Somatic Fatigue (Prof-S) ( p < .0001), VAS fatigue ( p = .005), CES-D ( p = .008) and with BMI ( p = .0001.) In a multivariate model, F2-isoprostane was a significant predictor of FSS after adjustment for age, BMI, pain and depression ( p = .0002). Conclusion: Fatigue in SLE patients with low disease activity is associated with increased F2-isoprostane. F2-isoprostane could provide a useful biomarker to explore mitochondrial function and the regulation of oxidative pathways in patients with SLE in whom fatigue is a debilitating symptom.

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4

Friedberg, Fred. "The Stress/Fatigue Link in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome." Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 1, no. 3-4 (January 1995): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j092v01n03_23.

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5

Zhou, Yan Fen, Stephen Jerrams, Lin Chen, and Mark Johnson. "The Determination of Multi-Axial Fatigue in Magnetorheological Elastomers Using Bubble Inflation." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.507.

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Fatigue life is one of the most important physical characteristic that is investigated by materials engineers and scientists. The high dynamic loading experienced by machine parts necessitates understanding fatigue properties in critical components. Despite this requirement, elastomer fatigue criteria are imperfectly understood and even less is known about fatigue resistance in the emerging range of smart elastomers. In this paper, initial research into the equi-biaxial fatigue behaviour of magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) is described. Physical testing was carried out using a bubble inflation testing system. Silicone rubber based test samples were fatigued at different stress amplitudes ranging between 0.75MPa and 1.4MPa using engineering stress as the control mode. S-N (Wöhler) curves showing the plots of stress amplitude (σa) versus cycles to failure (N) are presented. Stress-strain behaviour throughout fatigue process is also described. For a fatigue test at a stress amplitude of 0.75MPa and no pre-stressing, it was found that stress softening occurred for the entire duration of the test, but was particularly pronounced in the first 100 cycles of testing.

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6

Kondo, Yoshiyuki, H. Eda, and Masanobu Kubota. "Fatigue Failure under Varying Loading within Fatigue Limit Diagram." Materials Science Forum 567-568 (December 2007): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.567-568.1.

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Although fatigue limit diagram is defined in principle for constant stress amplitude condition, it is often considered that fatigue failure would not occur even in varying loading if applied stresses were kept within the fatigue limit diagram. However, it was shown in the case of small-notched specimen and fretting fatigue that fatigue failure occurred in some special case of variable amplitude loading condition even when all stress amplitudes were kept within the fatigue limit diagram. The cause of this phenomenon was examined using two-step and repeated two-step stress patterns in which the first step stress was with zero mean stress and the second step stress had a high mean stress. A non-propagating crack was formed by the first step stress. This crack functioned as a pre-crack for the second step stress with high mean stress. Consequently, fatigue failure occurred even when all stress amplitudes were kept within the fatigue limit diagram. It was an unexpected fracture caused by the interference effect of non-propagating crack and mean stress change.

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7

IWASAKI, Chikahiro, and Yasushi IKAI. "Fatigue failure under stress below fatigue limit - From the viewpoint of internal stress." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 34, no. 385 (1985): 1133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.34.1133.

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8

Li, Xin. "A new stress-based multiaxial high- cycle fatigue damage criterion." Functional materials 25, no. 2 (June 27, 2018): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm25.02.406.

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9

Akiniwa, Yoshiaki, Keisuke Tanaka, and Hidehiko Kimura. "Measurement of Stress Distribution Near Fatigue Crack in Ultra-Fine Grained Steel by Synchrotron Radiation." Materials Science Forum 490-491 (July 2005): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.490-491.118.

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Single-edge-notched specimens of ultrafine-grained steel were fatigued. The mean grain size of the steel is about 2 micrometers. Propagation behavior of fatigue cracks was observed with the crack closure. The resistance of the crack propagation of ultrafine-grained steel was larger than that of conventional steels. The crack closure acted as an important role for the larger resistance of fatigue crack propagation. After fatigue tests, stress distribution near the fatigue crack was measured by monochromatic X-rays from synchrotron radiation. The irradiated area was 100 µm x 100 µm. Residual and loading stress distributions ahead of the crack tip and on the crack wake was measured at the maximum stress intensity factor and zero applied load. The stress was determined by sin2ψ method. The measured stress was compared with the value calculated by FEM and the fatigue crack propagation model. The stress distribution at the maximum load and residual stresses agreed very well with the calculated results. The crack opening stress calculated by the residual stresses agreed with the experimental result.

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10

Ohgi, Jun Ji, S. Tanaka, T. Kuramoto, M. Suzuki, and Koichi Goda. "Stress-Strain Response in SiC/SiC Composites under Cyclic Loading." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 1406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.1406.

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The tension-tension fatigue tests for SiC/SiC composites were performed under the conditions that the maximum load Pmax was 80-90% to the fracture load of the tensile tests and the stress ratio was Rσ = 0.5. The composites exhibited a width in stress-strain hysteresis loop under one load cycling. In some cases the mean strain εmean gradually increase with increasing in number of cycles. These variations would reflect the developments of the fatigue damage at the fiber/matrix interface during the cyclic loading process. The pull-out lengths of the fibers for the fatigued- and not fatigued-specimens were measured through the SEM observations after the tensile test. In all materials, the average pull-out length of fibers in fatigued material was larger than in not fatigued material because the cyclic loading affected on the fiber/matrix interfacial strength.

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11

Yi, Xue Ping, and Jiu Fa Wang. "The Evaluation Research of Fatigue Stress under One-Way Steady Varying Stress." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 756–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.756.

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At first, the unidirectional stress fatigue strength has been made the brief description, and the calculation methods about the fatigue stress under two cases also has been introduced, two cases are the symmetrical and asymmetrical cyclic stress fatigue strength. The calculation of fatigue strength is based on the fact that calculating safety factor is equal to or greater than the allowable safety coefficient. Finally, some alloy steel parts are taken as an example to carry on the fatigue strength calculation.

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12

Canini, F. "Fatigue et stress : aspects théoriques." Revue Neurologique 163, no. 4 (April 2007): 231–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-3787(07)90938-8.

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13

Dinges, David F. "Stress, Fatigue, and Behavioral Energy." Nutrition Reviews 59, no. 1 (April 27, 2009): S30—S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2001.tb01892.x.

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14

Huber, C., and R. Zoughi. "Detecting stress and fatigue cracks." IEEE Potentials 15, no. 4 (1996): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/45.539960.

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15

Howard, Andrew, and Matthew Joint. "Fatigue and Stress in Driving." Employee Counselling Today 6, no. 6 (December 1994): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13665629410795844.

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16

Tanaka, Yoshihide, and Shin-ichi Wakida. "Biomarkers of stress and fatigue." Folia Pharmacologica Japonica 137, no. 4 (2011): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/fpj.137.185.

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17

Han, Hyun-Sung. "Effect of Fatigue Stress on the Hardness of Damaged Damping Alloy Under Fatigue Stress." Korean Society of Technical Education and Training 23, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29279/kostet.2018.23.4.123.

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18

KATAOKA, Shunsuke, Hiroaki ONO, Masanobu Kubota, and Yoshiyuki KONDO. "OS12F027 Mechanism of Improving Fretting Fatigue Strength by Stress Relief Groove." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2011.10 (2011): _OS12F027——_OS12F027—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2011.10._os12f027-.

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19

Altenberger, I., Ivan Nikitin, P. Juijerm, and Berthold Scholtes. "Residual Stress Stability in High Temperature Fatigued Mechanically Surface Treated Metallic Materials." Materials Science Forum 524-525 (September 2006): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.524-525.57.

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Different classes of metallic materials (aluminum alloys, steels, titanium alloys) were mechanically surface treated by deep rolling and laser shock peening and isothermally fatigued at elevated temperature under stress control. The fatigue tests were interrupted after different numbers of cycles for several stress amplitudes and residual stresses and FWHM-values were measured by X-ray diffraction methods at the surface and as a function of depth. The results summarize the response of the surface treatment induced residual stress profiles to thermomechanical loading conditions in the High Cycle Fatigue (HCF)- as well as in the Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) regime. The effects of stress amplitude, plastic strain amplitude, temperature and frequency are addressed in detail and discussed. The results indicate that residual stress relaxation during high temperature fatigue can be predicted for sufficiently simplified loading conditions and that thermal and mechanical effects can be separated from each other. A plastic strain based approach appears to be most suitable to describe residual stress relaxation. Frequency effects were found to be not very pronounced in the frequency range investigated.

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20

Li, Longbiao. "A Micromechanical Fatigue Limit Stress Model of Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic-Matrix Composites under Stochastic Overloading Stress." Materials 13, no. 15 (July 24, 2020): 3304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13153304.

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Fatigue limit stress is a key design parameter for the structure fatigue design of composite materials. In this paper, a micromechanical fatigue limit stress model of fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) subjected to stochastic overloading stress is developed. The fatigue limit stress of different carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) composites (i.e., unidirectional (UD), cross-ply (CP), 2D, 2.5D, and 3D C/SiC) is predicted based on the micromechanical fatigue damage models and fatigue failure criterion. Under cyclic fatigue loading, the fatigue damage and fracture under stochastic overloading stress at different applied cycle numbers are characterized using two parameters of fatigue life decreasing rate and broken fiber fraction. The relationships between the fatigue life decreasing rate, stochastic overloading stress level and corresponding occurrence applied cycle number, and broken fiber fraction are analyzed. Under the same stochastic overloading stress level, the fatigue life decreasing rate increases with the occurrence applied cycle of stochastic overloading, and thus, is the highest for the cross-ply C/SiC composite and lowest for the 2.5D C/SiC composite. Among the UD, 2D, and 3D C/SiC composites, at the initial stage of cyclic fatigue loading, under the same stochastic overloading stress, the fatigue life decreasing rate of the 3D C/SiC is the highest; however, with the increasing applied cycle number, the fatigue life decreasing rate of the UD C/SiC composite is the highest. The broken fiber fraction increases when stochastic overloading stress occurs, and the difference of the broken fiber fraction between the fatigue limit stress and stochastic overloading stress level increases with the occurrence applied cycle.

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21

Hancock, Peter A., Wayne C. Harris, and Scot C. Harris. "Information Processing Changes following Extended Stress." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 45, no. 13 (October 2001): 901–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120104501301.

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Extended periods of stress are associated with subjective fatigue and performance deterioration. Psychological state and cognitive performance were assessed before and after one week of field training at a Navy Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape School. Subjective discomfort increased, but average cognitive performance deterioration was limited to increased Simple Reaction Time. Considering that decrements in complex performance are commonly associated with fatigue, the stability or improvement of the more complex cognitive tasks was unexpected. Given that increasing effort is required to maintain performance as time-on-task increases, performance changes within pre and post-training trials were compared. While performance was stable or improved in the pre-training session, complex task performance deteriorated during post-training trials. The results are consistent with the hypotheses that fatigued individuals maintain complex cognitive task performance by exerting increased effort, but that increasing effort becomes increasingly difficult even during brief assessments.

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22

Fang, Hao, Feng Yong, Du Yuxuan, Wang Yue, Xu Enen, Wang Kaixuan, and Tian Yanwen. "Effect of Stress Ratio(R) and Stress Concentration Factor (Kt) on Fatigue Properties of WSTi6211 Titanium Alloy." MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 11065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032111065.

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In this paper, the author studied the effects of different stress ratios（R） and stress concentration factors(Kt) on the fatigue properties of WSTi6211 titanium alloy.Through S-N curve, the author obtained the fatigue ultimate strength of the material under different conditions and analyzed characteristics of fatigue fractures, including the crack source sourse, the crack growth region and the final rupture region. The results show that when Kt=1, R=0.5, the fatigue ultimate strength σD is 626MPa; when Kt = 1, R=0.06, the fatigue ultimate strength σD is 527.5MPa; when Kt=3, R=0.06, the ultimate fatigue strength σD is 267MPa. Fatigue performance is very sensitive to R and Kt. The larger R is, the larger the fatigue ultimate strength is. The larger Kt is, the smaller the fatigue limit strength is. The fracture morphology shows typical fatigue fracture morphology. Most of the cracks originate on the surface of specimens and have typical fatigue bands. With the decrease of stress, the area of crack growth zone increases.

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23

Mall, S., and B. Portner. "Characterization of Fatigue Behavior in Cross-Ply Laminate of SCS-6/Ti-15-3 Metal Matrix Composite at Elevated Temperature." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 114, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2904193.

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A study was conducted to investigate the fatigue behavior of a cross-ply, [0/90]2s, laminate of silicon fiber reinforced titanium matrix composite, SCS-6/Ti-15-3 at an elevated temperature of 427°C. Two sets of tests, at frequencies 0.02 and 2 Hz, were run at different stress levels. Fatigue damage initiation and growth patterns were dependent on the specific test conditions of frequency and stress level. Microscopic analysis of the fatigued specimens revealed matrix failure mechanisms ranging from ductile failure to cleavage fracture. The results of this study showed that temperature and frequency, as well as stress levels, are important design considerations for this composite in fatigue loading applications.

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24

Schumacher, Jens, Brigitte Clausen, and Hans-Werner Zoch. "Influence of inclusion type and size on the fatigue strength of high strength steels." MATEC Web of Conferences 165 (2018): 14003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816514003.

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In this investigation the influence of the inclusion type and size on the fatigue strength of different steels is analysed. As database case hardened, quenched and tempered as well as bearing steels in different heat treatment conditions, which have been investigated in several research projects over the last two decades, are used. Based on the approach of Murakami the local stress intensity at inclusions was determined to evaluate the influence of fracture causing inclusions on the fatigue strength. Different fatigue criteria have been used to calculate the local equivalent stress amplitudes considering residual stresses in the specimens, mean stresses during loading and multiaxial stresses in notched specimens. Since many run out specimens were subsequently fatigued at a higher stress amplitude, the critical inclusion type and size which have survived the initial stress amplitude could be determined. As a result the local stress intensity at inclusions which leads to no fatigue failure could be calculated as well. With the knowledge of the stress intensity factor range of the fractured and run out specimens a threshold stress intensity factor range could be derived for the different steels and inclusion sizes.

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25

Hwang, Shun Fa, and Yi Der Su. "Effects of Stress Frequency and Stress Ratio on the Fatigue of Glass/Epoxy Composite Materials." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 1031–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1031.

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Composite materials using polymer resins as matrices have viscoelastic behavior. This behavior has effects on the fatigue properties of composite materials. Therefore, one can accelerate the fatigue testing if the loading frequency or temperature is changed. The purpose of this work is to investigate the accelerated fatigue properties of glass/fiber composites. In order to establish the accelerated fatigue properties of glass/epoxy composites, the fatigue testing of unidirectional specimens with different angles is conducted at room temperature under different stresses, stress frequencies, and stress ratios. The results indicate that the fatigue life increases with the increasing of stress frequency or stress ratio for the three types of unidirectional specimens. The reasons for these increasing effects are also discussed.

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26

LIU, Y., G. KANG, and Q. GAO. "Stress-based fatigue failure models for uniaxial ratchetting–fatigue interaction." International Journal of Fatigue 30, no. 6 (June 2008): 1065–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2007.08.005.

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27

Gubeljak, Nenad, and M. Cvetić. "Determination of Initial Stages of Fatigue on the Basis of Fatigue Tensile and Fatigue Bend Testing." Key Engineering Materials 713 (September 2016): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.713.123.

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Fatigue crack initiation usually starts from defects or inclusion (s) in the material in the zone of stress concentration. The stress concentration zone can be at the surface of the specimen or inside the material. The fatigue crack starts to propagate, depending on stress amplitude, if the range of the stress intensity factor is higher than the fatigue threshold. The aim of this paper is to present the procedure for determining the fatigue crack initial stage by using the Wöhler S-N curve and the fatigue crack propagation parameters obtained by experiment for the loading range R=-1. Determination of the fatigue initial stage has been determined by the analysis of tensile smooth specimens and notched bending specimens. Results show that linear elastic fracture mechanics is applicable in order to establish a model for fatigue crack propagation.

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28

Iwasaki, Chikahiro, Yasushi Ikai, and Masaru Matsuda. "Internal Stress and Effective Stress during Fatigue of Steel." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 51, no. 3 (1987): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.51.3_181.

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29

HIRANO, Takeshi, Shachio SARUGAKU, Akihiko NISHIKAWA, and Toshio HAMANO. "Stress and fatigue characteristics of high stress coil spring." Transactions of Japan Society of Spring Engineers, no. 31 (1986): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5346/trbane.1986.54.

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30

Park, Soo, Hui Hwan Kwon, Jae Mean Koo, Chang Sung Seok, Du Han Jung, and Jin Yong Mo. "A Study on the Fatigue Life Prediction for Bending Pipe." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 2219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.2219.

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Mechanical structures with power sources experience repeated force produced by motors. As a result, the life of the pipes reduces and ultimately, the pipes collapse. In most cases, the U-shape pipe is made from a straight pipe by complicated bending work. During this work process, plastic deformation of the pipe produces residual stress in the pipe. The residual stress significantly affects the fracture behavior of the pipe. In this paper, fatigues tests of U-shape bending pipe are performed by uniaxial testing machine and residual stresses were evaluated by FEM analysis. So we established the relation between residual stress and fatigue life. And we suggested new equation for fatigue life prediction using the residual stress of U-shape bending pipe.

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31

Bendix, Laila, Mikael Thinggaard, Masayuki Kimura, Abraham Aviv, Kaare Christensen, Merete Osler, and Kirsten Avlund. "Association of Leukocyte Telomere Length with Fatigue in Nondisabled Older Adults." Journal of Aging Research 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/403253.

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Introduction. Fatigue is often present in older adults with no identified underlying cause. The accruing burden of oxidative stress and inflammation might be underlying factors of fatigue. We therefore hypothesized that leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is relatively short in older adults who experience fatigue.Materials and Methods. We assessed 439 older nondisabled Danish twins. LTL was measured using Southern blots of terminal restriction fragments. Fatigue was measured by the Mob-T Scale based on questions on whether the respondents felt fatigued after performing six mobility items.Results. LTL was significantly associated with fatigue (P=0.023), showing an increase of 0.038 kb/fatigue score unit. Aging-related diseases and mental health did not explain the association, while lifestyle factors slightly attenuated the estimates.Conclusion. Our results support an association between LTL and fatigue. Further studies are required to confirm this finding and the link of LTL with oxidative stress/inflammation over the life course.

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32

Tokunaga, Hitoo, Kiyohiko Ikeda, Gang Deng, Hiroyuki Kinoshita, and Koichi kaizu. "E-9 EFFECT OF RESIDUAL STRESS ON SLOW CRACK GROWTH AND STATIC FATIGUE BEHAVIORS IN THERMALLY TEMPERED GLASS(Session: Fatique/SCG)." Proceedings of the Asian Symposium on Materials and Processing 2006 (2006): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeasmp.2006.101.

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33

Ronchei, Camilla, Andrea Carpinteri, Giovanni Fortese, Daniela Scorza, and Sabrina Vantadori. "Fretting High-Cycle Fatigue Assessment through a Multiaxial Critical Plane-Based Criterion in Conjunction with the Taylor’s Point Method." Solid State Phenomena 258 (December 2016): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.258.217.

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The critical plane-based multiaxial criterion originally proposed by the authors for plain fatigue is here applied to estimate the crack initiation life of fretting high-cycle fatigued structural components. Although fretting fatigue can be regarded as a case of multiaxial fatigue, the common multiaxial fatigue criteria have to be modified to account for the severe stress gradients in the contact zone. Therefore, the above criterion is used in conjunction with the Taylor’s point method to numerically estimate the fatigue life of Ti-6Al-4V and Al-4Cu specimens under cylindrical contacts.

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34

Mao, Ping Li, Zheng Liu, Yang Li, and Li Jia Chen. "Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of As-Extruded AZ31 Magnesium Alloy." Materials Science Forum 686 (June 2011): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.686.202.

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The investigation on fatigue behavior and fracture surfaces of fatigued specimens of as-extruded AZ31 magnesium alloy can provide a reliable theoretical foundation for both fatigue resistant design and reasonable application of magnesium alloys. Through total-strain-amplitude controlled fatigue tests and analysis on fracture surfaces of fatigued specimens, the behavior of cyclic stress response and fatigue life as well as fracture mechanism were identified for as-extruded AZ31 magnesium alloy. The experimental results show that the extruded AZ31 alloy exhibits significant cyclic strain hardening, the relation between elastic strain amplitude, plastic strain amplitude and reversals to failure can be described by Basquin and Coffin-Manson equations respectively. In addition, it has been found that fatigue cracks initiate and propagate in a transgranular mode.

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35

Yoshida, Yuya, Hidehiko Kimura, Keisuke Tanaka, and Yoshiaki Akiniwa. "GSW0439 Fatigue crack propagation and stress-induced martensitic transformation behavior in TiNi." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2003.2 (2003): _GSW0439–1—_GSW0439–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2003.2._gsw0439-1.

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36

Ohya, Shin-ichi, Yasufumi Akimoto, Yoriko Ohmura, and Yoshihiko Hagiwara. "OS04W0127 The detection of internal fatigue crack using X-Ray stress measurement." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2003.2 (2003): _OS04W0127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2003.2._os04w0127.

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37

Hattori, Nobusuke, Shin-ichi Nishida, and Ryu Sasaki. "OS11W0286 Fatigue properties of high strength steel under two-step stress amplitude." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2003.2 (2003): _OS11W0286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2003.2._os11w0286.

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38

Kolenda, Janusz. "On the fatigue-critical amplitude of random-amplitude stress." Polish Maritime Research 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10012-007-0007-z.

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On the fatigue-critical amplitude of random-amplitude stress Uniaxial non-zero mean stress of constant circular frequency in the high-cycle fatigue regime is considered. It is assumed that equation of the S-N curve and modified Soderberg equation are applicable. For constant-amplitude stress, the fatigue-critical stress amplitude is defined as that which leads to failure during the required design life. For random-amplitude stress, expected values of the fatigue-critical stress amplitude and total fatigue damage accumulated during the required design life are estimated. It is found that the probability of fatigue failure is equal to the probability of exceedance of the fatigue-critical stress amplitude. As an example, for stationary random stress the equivalent random-amplitude stress and probability of fatigue failure are determined.

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39

Zamin, Madiha. "Ocimum sanctum May Overcome Fatigue Stress." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 14, no. 21 (October 15, 2011): 1000–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2011.1000.1001.

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Waddill-Goad, Suzanne M. "Stress, Fatigue, and Burnout in Nursing." Journal of Radiology Nursing 38, no. 1 (March 2019): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jradnu.2018.10.005.

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Panasyuk, V. V., O. P. Ostash, and E. M. Kostyk. "Fatigue crack initiation at stress raisers." Soviet Materials Science 21, no. 6 (1986): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00722231.

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Jacobs, I., B. Bain, and F. Buick. "1000 CENTRAL FATIGUE DURING +Gz STRESS?" Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 26, Supplement (May 1994): S179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199405001-01002.

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Philippidis, T. P., and A. P. Vassilopoulos. "Fatigue Strength Prediction under Multiaxial Stress." Journal of Composite Materials 33, no. 17 (September 1999): 1578–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002199839903301701.

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Reid, Michael. "Oxidative Stress and Skeletal Muscle Fatigue." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 40, Supplement (May 2008): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000321179.36690.73.

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Khanade, Kunal, and Farzan Sasangohar. "Stress and Fatigue in ICU Nursing." Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care 6, no. 1 (May 15, 2017): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2327857917061045.

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46

Nowell, D., and D. Dini. "Stress gradient effects in fretting fatigue." Tribology International 36, no. 2 (February 2003): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-679x(02)00134-2.

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47

Furue, Harumi. "Durability (creep, stress relaxation, fatigue, wear)." Kobunshi 35, no. 7 (1986): 654–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.35.654.

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Hasan, Nazmul. "Allowable Bending Fatigue Stress of Rails." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 20, no. 2 (May 2015): 04014033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)sc.1943-5576.0000228.

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Rosch, Paul J. "Stress, pain, fatigue, depression—and magnets." Stress Medicine 14, no. 2 (April 1998): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1700(199804)14:2<69::aid-smi785>3.0.co;2-5.

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Glinka, G., G. Wang, and A. Plumtree. "MEAN STRESS EFFECTS IN MULTIAXIAL FATIGUE." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 18, no. 7-8 (April 2, 2007): 755–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1995.tb00901.x.

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