Journal articles on the topic 'Fatigue – Physiological aspects'
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Sorokin, Genady A., and V. V. Shilov. "HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF CHRONIC FATIGUE AND AGING." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 7 (March 27, 2019): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-7-627-631.
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The aim of the study was to establish relations between the acute and chronic fatigue of workers, and between chronic fatigue and age dynamics of indices of health. In 859 women, white-collar workers, with normal fatigue at work of various degree and different physiological labor intensity there was determined an annual gain of professional risks (GPR): syndromes of motor, visual, and non-specific chronic fatigue; indices of the physical performance; morbidity with temporary disability. During the year the health is deteriorating both in 59% of women who are very tired at work, and 63% of women with chronic fatigue syndrome. Under a high level of the physiological intensity of labor GPR increases by 2 times for diseases of the cardiovascular system and by 2.2-times for the disorders of the musculoskeletal system. For hygienic evaluation rate of aging working in harmful conditions, there are required values of age population trends in health indices observed in favorable habitat, without the harmful effects of professional and non-professional factors.
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Hartomo, Hudaya, Rachmad Jumeidi Syam, and Eny Maftuchah. "Work Shift Analysis by Using Psycho-Physiological Method." Advanced Engineering Forum 10 (December 2013): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.10.220.
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This paper presents a study of work shift analysis on security workload. Six security employees were investigated in this study for two work shift periods (morning and night). T - test was used to determine the differences of psychophysiological fatigue before and after working. Survey was conducted to identify some complaints. Pulse, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), and skin temperature were also determined to define the physiological fatigue. In addition, motivation, psycho - social, and psychological complaints were identified to define the psychological fatigue by using an independent developed questionnaire. The results then shows some differences about the physical fatigue aspect in which the average are 32,2 before working and 28,2 after working. The average pulses aspects are 65.6 beats/min and 93.2 beats / min before and after working, the average blood pressure are 121,8 mm Hg and 127,7 mm Hg before and after working for systolic aspect. The average blood for diastolic aspect are 71 mm Hg and 75,9 mm H before and after working. Skin temperature is 34.8 C before working and 34.6 C after working. Result of this study also shows some differences on psychological fatigue where the mean work motivation was 21.5 before working and 24.7 after working, psycho-social was 13,5 before working and 14.3 after working, and psychological complaint was 50.8 before working and 40.83 after working.
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Murgia, Carla. "Overuse, Fatigue, and Injury: Neurological, Psychological, Physiological, and Clinical Aspects." Journal of Dance Medicine & Science 17, no. 2 (June 15, 2013): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12678/1089-313x.17.2.51.
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Wascher, Edmund, Björn Rasch, Jessica Sänger, Sven Hoffmann, Daniel Schneider, Gerhard Rinkenauer, Herbert Heuer, and Ingmar Gutberlet. "Frontal theta activity reflects distinct aspects of mental fatigue." Biological Psychology 96 (February 2014): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.11.010.
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Phillips, Kenneth D., Richard L. Sowell, Michelle Rojas, Abbas Tavakoli, Laura J. Fulk, and Gregory A. Hand. "Physiological and Psychological Correlates of Fatigue in HIV Disease." Biological Research For Nursing 6, no. 1 (July 2004): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800404264846.
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Fatigue is a frequent symptom reported by persons living with HIV disease and one that affects all aspects of quality of life. To improve quality of care of persons with HIV disease, it is important to address all factors that contribute to fatigue. The purpose of this study was to determine the associations of physiological, psychological, and sociological factors with fatigue in an HIV-infected population. With Piper’s integrated fatigue model guiding selection, factors examined in this study were hemoglobin, hematocrit, CD4+ cell count, HIV-RNA viral load, total sleep time, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, HIV-related symptoms, anxiety, depression, and perceived stress. The sample (N = 79) for this descriptive correlational study was recruited from a primary health care association in South Carolina and consisted of 42 (53.2%) HIV-infected women and 37 (46.8%) HIV-infected men between the ages of 24 and 63 years (x = 39.9, s = 7.9). Of the participants, 70 (90%) were African American, 5 (6%) were Caucasian, and 3 (4%) were Hispanic. Using Pearson’s r, significant relationships were observed between fatigue and sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, HIV-related symptoms, state anxiety, trait anxiety, depression, and perceived stress. Sleep quality (F5,65 = 12.02, P = 0.0009), state anxiety (F5,65 = 8.28, P = 0.0054), HIV-related symptoms (F5,65 = 4.87, P = 0.0308), and depression (F5,65 = 7.31, P = 0.0087) retained significance in a 3-step, backward stepwise elimination model and accounted for 67% of the variance in fatigue. These findings underscore the need for addressing psychosocial stressors and sleep quality in developing effective care for HIV-infected individuals who experience fatigue.
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Rudroff, Thorsten, Alexandra C. Fietsam, Justin R. Deters, Andrew D. Bryant, and John Kamholz. "Post-COVID-19 Fatigue: Potential Contributing Factors." Brain Sciences 10, no. 12 (December 19, 2020): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10121012.
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Much of the spotlight for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is on the acute symptoms and recovery. However, many recovered patients face persistent physical, cognitive, and psychological symptoms well past the acute phase. Of these symptoms, fatigue is one of the most persistent and debilitating. In this “perspective article,” we define fatigue as the decrease in physical and/or mental performance that results from changes in central, psychological, and/or peripheral factors due to the COVID-19 disease and propose a model to explain potential factors contributing to post-COVID-19 fatigue. According to our model, fatigue is dependent on conditional and physiological factors. Conditional dependency comprises the task, environment, and physical and mental capacity of individuals, while physiological factors include central, psychological, and peripheral aspects. This model provides a framework for clinicians and researchers. However, future research is needed to validate our proposed model and elucidate all mechanisms of fatigue due to COVID-19.
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Palilingan, Richard Andreas, Ketut Tirtayasa, and I. Wayan Surata. "Ergonomic-Based Redesign of Broomsticks Reduces the Physiological Burdens of Street Sweepers in Denpasar City, Indonesia." Jurnal Ergonomi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Ergonomic) 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jei.2020.v06.i02.p05.
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The equipment, such as broomsticks used by street sweepers are not appropriate based on anthropometric aspects, with a potency to induce inconvenience among them. Working with equipment that is not ergonomics, in addition to non-physiological work posture can cause fatigue, musculoskeletal disorders, and increased workload. This study aims to determine whether redesign an ergonomic-based broomstick may reduce the physiological burden of street sweepers in Denpasar city, Indonesia. This research is a pure experiment using a cross-design (two-period crossover design). The sample was 16 female street sweepers, divided into two groups: 8 as the control group and 8 treatment groups. Data analysis were performed using a paired t-test with significance level of 5%. The results showed significant difference (p <0.05) on the variables of workload, musculoskeletal complaints, and fatigue. In the first period, the mean of the street sweeper working heart rate was 118.96 ± 2.26 beats per minutes (bpm), the mean musculoskeletal complaint score was 91.63 ± 2.70 and the average fatigue was 77.69 ± 2.96. In Period II, the mean heart rate was 98.49 ± 2.22 bpm, the mean musculoskeletal complaint score was 63.56 ± 2.73 and the average fatigue was 57.56 ± 2.94. Redesigned stem brooms turned out to reduce workload, musculoskeletal complaints, and fatigue by 17.21%, 30.6%, and 25.91%, respectively. It can be concluded that the redesign of an ergonomic-based broomstick can reduce workload, musculoskeletal complaints, and fatigue.
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Starreveld, Daniëlle E. J., G. Esther A. Habers, Heiddis B. Valdimarsdottir, Rob Kessels, Laurien A. Daniëls, Flora E. van Leeuwen, and Eveline M. A. Bleiker. "Cancer-related Fatigue in Relation to Chronotype and Sleep Quality in (Non-)Hodgkin Lymphoma Survivors." Journal of Biological Rhythms 36, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730420987327.
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Cancer-related fatigue has been related to circadian disruptions and lower levels of sleep quality. However, it is unknown whether the circadian phase, which is associated with chronotype and timing of sleep, is related to fatigue after cancer. The aims of this study were to investigate the associations between (1) chronotype and cancer-related fatigue and (2) sleep quality and cancer-related fatigue. In this cross-sectional questionnaire study, 458 (non-)Hodgkin lymphoma survivors ( n = 231 female, mean age 49.7 years) completed a Visual Analogue Scale for fatigue (VAS-fatigue) from 0 ( no fatigue) to 10 ( worst imaginable fatigue), the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) between October 2018 and July 2019. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between the dependent variable fatigue and chronotype (based on early, intermediate, or late average midsleep) in Model 1, and fatigue and sleep quality in Model 2. The results showed no indications for an association between chronotype and fatigue (all p values ≥ 0.50). There were associations between two (out of seven) aspects of sleep quality and fatigue: subjective sleep quality ( p < 0.001) and daily dysfunctioning ( p < 0.001). Therefore, it is more likely that fatigue is associated with self-reported sleep quality rather than with chronotype. However, experimental studies with objective, physiological data on circadian phase and sleep quality are necessary to confirm the conclusions of this cross-sectional study.
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Zoppirolli, Chiara, Barbara Pellegrini, Lorenzo Bortolan, and Federico Schena. "Effects of short-term fatigue on biomechanical and physiological aspects of double poling in high-level cross-country skiers." Human Movement Science 47 (June 2016): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2016.02.003.
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Garcia, Maria-Gabriela, Thomas Läubli, and Bernard J. Martin. "Muscular and Vascular Issues Induced by Prolonged Standing With Different Work–Rest Cycles With Active or Passive Breaks." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 60, no. 6 (April 12, 2018): 806–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720818769261.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-lasting motor, behavioral, physiological, and perceptual effects of prolonged standing work in three work–rest cycle conditions including passive or active rest breaks. Background: Muscle fatigue has been evidenced after prolonged standing work through physiological and neuromotor measures. It has been postulated that muscle fatigue induced by prolonged work could be attenuated by appropriate scheduling of work and rest periods. However, investigations in this domain remain limited. Method: Thirty participants simulated standing work for 5 hr with work–rest cycles of short, medium, or long standing periods including passive or active breaks. Lower-leg muscle twitch force (MTF), muscle oxygenation, lower-leg volume, postural stability, force control, and discomfort perception were quantified on 2 days. Results: Prolonged standing induced significant changes in all measures immediately after 5 hr of work, indicating a detrimental effect in long-lasting muscle fatigue, performance, discomfort, and vascular aspects. Differences in the measures were not significant between work cycles and/or break type. Conclusion: Similar physiological and motor alterations were induced by prolonged standing. The absence of difference in the effects induced by the tested work–rest cycles suggests that simply altering the work–rest cycle may not be sufficient to counteract the effects of mainly static standing work. Finally, standing for 3 hr or more shows clear detrimental effects. Application: Prolonged standing is likely to contribute to musculoskeletal and vascular symptoms. A limitation to less than 3 hr of mostly static standing in occupational activities could avoid alterations leading to these symptoms.
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Friedman, Kenneth J., Beth Mattey, and Faith Newton. "School Nurses Can Improve the Lives of Students With Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome." NASN School Nurse 33, no. 6 (September 15, 2018): 372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1942602x18795299.
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Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic illness that is defined and diagnosed by its symptoms: extreme fatigue made worse by physical and mental activity, pain and decreased mental stamina, among others. A long-held, erroneous belief that ME/CFS is not a physiological illness has persisted among some clinicians, leading to the denial of a patient’s physical illness and attributing the symptoms to other causes. The debilitating effects of ME/CFS in the pediatric population can affect all aspects of academic, social, emotional, and physical development. ME/CFS has been diagnosed in children younger than 10 years. Therefore, the school nurse is likely to encounter one or more students in the various stages of this disease, putting the school nurse in a position to ameliorate the impact of this potentially devastating chronic condition.
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Martin-Conty, José Luis, Francisco Martin-Rodríguez, Juan José Criado-Álvarez, Carlos Alberto Castillo-Sarmiento, Clara Maestre-Miquel, Alicia Mohedano-Moriano, Begoña Polonio-López, Carlos Durantez-Fernández, Miguel Ángel Castro-Villamor, and Antonio Viñuela. "How Health Habits Influence the Physiological Response During a Physical Activity in Extreme Temperatures?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (September 1, 2020): 6374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176374.
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Background: The purpose of the study was to determine to what degree the health habits of university students influence their physiological response during a 10-min high-intensity exercise. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional cohort study with 59 health science students, in which we analyzed their adherence to a Mediterranean and low-fat diet, as well as their activity levels. We correlated these factors with the physiological response (lactic acid and heart rate) and a series of anthropometric parameters in intense physical activity (cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for 10 min) in three scenarios: extreme cold, extreme heat and a control situation at room temperature. Results: The results of this study demonstrate that in university students, a greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a better response to physical exercise, in this case, 10-min CPR, in hostile environments. Conclusions: Following healthy eating guidelines improves physical performance and delays the appearance of fatigue; both are important aspects for a better performance of CPR.
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Papakostas, Michalis, Akilesh Rajavenkatanarayanan, and Fillia Makedon. "CogBeacon: A Multi-Modal Dataset and Data-Collection Platform for Modeling Cognitive Fatigue." Technologies 7, no. 2 (June 13, 2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies7020046.
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In this work, we present CogBeacon, a multi-modal dataset designed to target the effects of cognitive fatigue in human performance. The dataset consists of 76 sessions collected from 19 male and female users performing different versions of a cognitive task inspired by the principles of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), a popular cognitive test in experimental and clinical psychology designed to assess cognitive flexibility, reasoning, and specific aspects of cognitive functioning. During each session, we record and fully annotate user EEG functionality, facial keypoints, real-time self-reports on cognitive fatigue, as well as detailed information of the performance metrics achieved during the cognitive task (success rate, response time, number of errors, etc.). Along with the dataset we provide free access to the CogBeacon data-collection software to provide a standardized mechanism to the community for collecting and annotating physiological and behavioral data for cognitive fatigue analysis. Our goal is to provide other researchers with the tools to expand or modify the functionalities of the CogBeacon data-collection framework in a hardware-independent way. As a proof of concept we show some preliminary machine learning-based experiments on cognitive fatigue detection using the EEG information and the subjective user reports as ground truth. Our experiments highlight the meaningfulness of the current dataset, and encourage our efforts towards expanding the CogBeacon platform. To our knowledge, this is the first multi-modal dataset specifically designed to assess cognitive fatigue and the only free software available to allow experiment reproducibility for multi-modal cognitive fatigue analysis.
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Sweetman, Noble, Edgar, Mackay, Helliwell, Vallings, Ryan, and Tate. "Current Research Provides Insight into the Biological Basis and Diagnostic Potential for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)." Diagnostics 9, no. 3 (July 10, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9030073.
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Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a severe fatigue illness that occurs most commonly following a viral infection, but other physiological triggers are also implicated. It has a profound long-term impact on the life of the affected person. ME/CFS is diagnosed primarily by the exclusion of other fatigue illnesses, but the availability of multiple case definitions for ME/CFS has complicated diagnosis for clinicians. There has been ongoing controversy over the nature of ME/CFS, but a recent detailed report from the Institute of Medicine (Academy of Sciences, USA) concluded that ME/CFS is a medical, not psychiatric illness. Importantly, aspects of the biological basis of the ongoing disease have been revealed over the last 2–3 years that promise new leads towards an effective clinical diagnostic test that may have a general application. Our detailed molecular studies with a preclinical study of ME/CFS patients, along with the complementary research of others, have reported an elevation of inflammatory and immune processes, ongoing neuro-inflammation, and decreases in general metabolism and mitochondrial function for energy production in ME/CFS, which contribute to the ongoing remitting/relapsing etiology of the illness. These biological changes have generated potential molecular biomarkers for use in diagnostic ME/CFS testing.
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Kernell, D., Y. Donselaar, and O. Eerbeek. "Effects of physiological amounts of high- and low-rate chronic stimulation on fast-twitch muscle of the cat hindlimb. II. Endurance-related properties." Journal of Neurophysiology 58, no. 3 (September 1, 1987): 614–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1987.58.3.614.
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1. Long-term electrical stimulation was given to the peroneal nerve of deafferented hindlimbs in hemispinalized adult cats. The amount of stimulation covered 0.5-5.5% of total time per day, different in different animals. For some aspects of the present study, use was also made of cats subjected to "tonic" patterns of chronic stimulation (typically covering 50% of total time; 10, 16). 2. In a terminal acute experiment under general anesthesia, performed after 4 or 8 wk of long-term stimulation, one of the treated peroneal muscles (m. peroneus longus, PerL) was used for measurements of the resistance to contractile fatigue. The fatigue test consisted of 0.33-s bursts of motor-nerve stimulation at 40 Hz, repeated once a second for 4 min (6, 7). During this fatigue test, the evoked compound spikes of the muscle were recorded by electromyographic (EMG) techniques. Following the physiological procedures, PerL was removed for further histochemical analysis. In transverse sections, measurements of optical density were made in central regions of single fibers after staining for the activity of an oxidative enzyme, succinate dehydrogenase (core SDH). 3. Findings from chronically stimulated PerL muscles were compared with three kinds of control PerL muscles: 1) those contralateral to the stimulated ones, 2) those from the operated side of animals that had been deafferented and hemispinalized but not subjected to chronic stimulation, and 3) those from untreated normal animals. 4. Stimulation patterns covering both greater than or equal to 50% and 5-5.5% of daily time gave a marked improvement of fatigue resistance. Pulse rate seemed of little importance for these effects. The pattern covering only 0.5% of total daily time caused no increase of contractile endurance beyond that of normal muscles. 5. During the fatigue test of a control muscle (see above), the amplitude of the compound EMG spikes typically showed a marked decline. This "EMG depression" was effectively counteracted by all the present patterns of chronic stimulation, including the 0.5% pattern. 6. Fibers of chronically stimulated muscles became more similar to each other with respect to their density of core SDH staining. However, among muscles treated during 0.5-5.5% of total daily time, the degree and pattern of change in core SDH staining was not related to the amount and pattern of chronic stimulation or to the resulting degree of contractile endurance.
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Ding, Jun, Stuart A. Binder-Macleod, and Anthony S. Wexler. "Two-step, predictive, isometric force model tested on data from human and rat muscles." Journal of Applied Physiology 85, no. 6 (December 1, 1998): 2176–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.85.6.2176.
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Functional electrical stimulation can assist paralyzed individuals to perform functional movements, but muscle fatigue is a major limitation to its practical use. An accurate and predictive mathematical model can facilitate the design of stimulation patterns that optimize aspects of the force transient while minimizing fatigue. Solution nonuniqueness, a major shortcoming in previous work, was overcome with a simpler model. The model was tested on data collected during isometric contractions of rat gastrocnemius muscles and human quadriceps femoris muscles under various physiological conditions. For each condition tested, parameter values were identified using the force response to one or two stimulation trains. The parameterized model was then used to predict forces in response to other stimulation patterns. The predicted forces closely matched the measured forces. The model was not sensitive to initial parameter estimates, demonstrating solution uniqueness. By predicting the force that develops in response to an arbitrary pattern of stimulation, we envision the present model helping identify optimal stimulation patterns for activation of skeletal muscle during functional electrical stimulation.
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Orrù, Graziella, Davide Bertelloni, Francesca Diolaiuti, Federico Mucci, Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe, Marco Biella, Angelo Gemignani, Rebecca Ciacchini, and Ciro Conversano. "Long-COVID Syndrome? A Study on the Persistence of Neurological, Psychological and Physiological Symptoms." Healthcare 9, no. 5 (May 13, 2021): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9050575.
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Background: Emerging aspects of the Covid-19 clinical presentation are its long-term effects, which are characteristic of the so-called “long COVID”. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of physical, psychological, and sleep disturbances and the quality of life in the general population during the ongoing pandemic. Methods: This study, based on an online survey, collected demographic data, information related to COVID-19, sleep disturbances, and quality of life data from 507 individuals. The level of sleep disturbances and quality of life was assessed through the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D), respectively. Results: In total, 507 individuals (M = 91 and F = 416 women) completed the online survey. The main symptoms associated with “long COVID” were headache, fatigue, muscle aches/myalgia, articular pains, cognitive impairment, loss of concentration, and loss of smell. Additionally, the subjects showed significant levels of insomnia (p < 0.05) and an overall reduced quality of life (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of the study appear in line with recent publications, but uncertainty regarding the definition and specific features of “long COVID” remains. Further studies are needed in order to better define the clinical presentation of the “long COVID” condition and related targeted treatments.
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Mujovic, Natasa, Nebojsa Mujovic, Vladimir Zugic, Ljubica Nikcevic, Milan Savic, and Mihailo Stjepanovic. "Rehabilitation treatment in diseases of the pulmonary interstitium." Medical review 66, suppl. 1 (2013): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns13s1072m.
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Introduction. Patients with interstitial lung disease suffer from a wide range of persistent symptoms, such as fatigue, shortness of breath and general weakness. Discussion and Review of Literature. So far, there have scarcely been any specific nonpharmacological treatments to reduce the above mentioned symptoms in the treatment of these patients. However, it has been shown that physical exercise improves health status, exercise capacity, skeletal muscle function and reduces fatigue and dyspnea in patients with chronic lung and heart diseases. These symptoms significantly deteriorate the quality of daily life in these patients. The mechanisms by which dyspnea is produced by interstitial lung diseases differ in some aspects from those of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and they include neuromechanical and physiological limitations, ventilatory-perfusion disorder, damaged diffusion, circulatory and cardiovascular limitations, anxiety, depression, as well as ventilating and skeletal muscle weakness. Early initiation of pulmonary rehabilitation is likely to improve several of these factors, particularly cardiovascular performance, muscular strength and mood disorders. Conclusion. Dysfunction of peripheral and respiratory muscles may contribute to a decrease in exercise tolerance due to systemic manifestations of disease, unwanted therapeutic effects or deconditioning of patients.
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Bezrukikh, M. M., L. V. Makarova, T. M. Paranicheva, L. V. Sokolova, O. S. Vasilyev, and E. V. Tyurina. "Physiological and hygienic aspects of the organization of distance learning dur-ing the pandemic COVID-19 (based on the results of a survey of parents and school-children)." Novye issledovania 65, no. 1 (2021): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46742/2072-8840-2021-65-1-33-49.
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A survey of parents and students conducted from April 24 to 27, 2020, during the full transition of Russian schoolchildren to distance learning, showed that in conditions of self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant increase in the duration of educational and extracurricular activities using electronic devices; more than 70 % of students complained that during distance learning, homework began to take longer, which is explained by the low efficiency of classes, the vast majority (about 90 % of cases) of children did not carry out preventive measures to reduce fatigue and counteract harmful factors associated with visual analyzer stress and hypodynamia. The stressful situation in the conditions of self-isolation and distance learning affected the psychosomatic state of schoolchildren.
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Versele, Vickà, Phaedra Debekker, F. Marijn Stok, Dirk Aerenhouts, Peter Clarys, Benedicte Deforche, Eva D’Hondt, Roland Devlieger, Annick Bogaerts, and Tom Deliens. "Relative Importance of Determinants of Changes in Eating Behavior during the Transition to Parenthood: Priorities for Future Research and Interventions." Nutrients 13, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): 2429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072429.
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Background: Healthy eating behavior throughout pregnancy and postpartum is important. This study aimed to investigate the perceived sex-specific importance of determinants of changes in eating behavior during pregnancy and postpartum. Methods: Fifty-four determinants were rated by first-time parents (n = 179) on their impact. Experts (n = 31) rated the determinants in terms of their modifiability, relationship strength, and population-level effect from which a “priority for research”-score was calculated. Results: During pregnancy, the three highest rated determinants by women were “health concerns”, “physiological changes”, and “fatigue”. Men perceived “health concerns”, “health consciousness”, and “influence of the pregnant partner” as important. Postpartum, the three highest rated determinants by women were “adaptation to rhythm of baby”, “baby becomes priority”, and “practical constraints because of the baby”. Men perceived “adaptation to rhythm of baby”, “fatigue”. and “(lack of) anticipation” as important. According to the experts, “professional influence”, “food knowledge”, and “home food availability” received high priority scores for both sexes and during both periods. Conclusions: Priority for research and interventions should go towards tailored family-based approaches focusing on food education in a broad sense taking into account aspects such as health consciousness, self-efficacy skills, and the social and home food environment while being supported by healthcare professionals.
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Soares, Sónia, Tiago Monteiro, António Lobo, António Couto, Liliana Cunha, and Sara Ferreira. "Analyzing Driver Drowsiness: From Causes to Effects." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 1971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051971.
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Drowsiness and fatigue are major safety issues that cannot be measured directly. Their measurements are sustained on indirect parameters such as the effects on driving performance, changes in physiological states, and subjective measures. We divided this study into two distinct lines. First, we wanted to find if any driver’s physiological characteristic, habit, or recent event could interfere with the results. Second, we aimed to analyze the effects of subjective sleepiness on driving behavior. On driving simulator experiments, the driver information and driving performance were collected, and responses to the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) were compared with these parameters. The results showed that drowsiness increases when the driver has suffered a recent stress situation, has taken medication, or has slept fewer hours. An increasing driving time is also a strong factor in drowsiness development. On the other hand, robustness, smoking habits, being older, and being a man were revealed to be factors that make the participant less prone to getting drowsy. From another point of view, the speed and lane departures increased with the sleepiness feeling. Subjective drowsiness has a great correlation to drivers’ personal aspects and the driving behavior. In addition, the KSS shows a great potential to be used as a predictor of drowsiness.
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Teplan, Jaroslav, Tomáš Malý, Pavel Hráský, František Zahálka, Aleš Kaplan, Lucía Malá, and Jan Heller. "Funkční charakteristiky hráčů fotbalu." Studia sportiva 6, no. 1 (July 9, 2012): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2012-1-8.
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The aim of this contribution is to summarize the state of the functional characteristics of soccer players. Th e key points addressed in the study are motion model structures player in the game and physiological parameters that can aff ect a player‘s performance in the match. Physiological parameters and model physical structures in football are addressed in a number of studies and constantly stress the need for sophisticated scientifi c approach to the player‘s performance in the game. In the survey study, we proceed from the results and conclusions of studies published in foreign scientifi c journals or presented at important posts of scientifi c conferences. Player positions are characterized by distinct physical demands in the model motion structure and bioenergetic expenditure and planning training process should respect the following aspects. Players must match within a short period of time to react to changes in direction or manage football in the intensity of locomotion. During the match aerobic and anaerobic overlap metabolism in terms of intensity loads. Th e player must repeatedly perform in a match of high intensity activity with rapid recovery of energy resources and delaying the maximum fatigue emerging. Th e diff erence between elite players and lower level is the amount of physical activities performed at high intensities. Due to fatigue at the end of the game players appear less smooth coordination and implementation of technical skills. Based on surveillance studies diff erent views and determinants of the functional readiness of the player were identifi ed. Th e dominant role is played by the following criteria: player´s level (professional, amateur, etc.), competition (international, national, etc.), post player, tasks player´s stage game and game system.
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Shevchenko, Svitlana. "KEY ASPECTS OF THE STUDY OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series “Psychology”, no. 1 (10) (2019): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/bsp.2019.1(10).28.
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The article considers and studies the problem of psychophysiological adaptation of freshmen through the concretization of the very concept of adaptation and determination of the time period of the adaptation period. Moreover, carried out a scientific analysis and experimental study of key aspects of psycho-physiological adaptation of first-year students. The levels of adaptive and communicative abilities, neuropsychic stability and moral norm, indicators of psychophysiological adaptation and the main features that indicate the sources of maladaptation have been determined. The criteria for psychophysiological adaptation (state of health, mood, anxiety, fatigue, activity behavior) are highlighted, and prospects for further research are formulated. According to the results of the work it was found that most freshmen have high rates of development of communicative abilities and moral normativity. They really assess their role in the team, in relationships, focusing on compliance with generally accepted norms of behavior. Freshmen are capable of accepting other people as they are, respect their originality and the right to be themselves. The development of such an ability characterizes them as a mature personality. High optimism score and high ability for somatic regulation were found. In addition, a moderate (average) level of psychophysiological maladaptation was found in young people. From time to time, they have certain difficulties associated with changes in the forms, teaching and assessment methods that are characteristic of a comprehensive school, and most often they experience problems due to a deterioration in well- being, namely, due to the characteristics of individual mental processes of freshmen, a decrease their overall activity and a decrease in motivation for any activity. Freshmen are dominated by a low level of development of adaptive abilities and neuropsychic stability. The data obtained indicate the need to develop a system of measures to update the adaptive capabilities of freshmen. We identified this direction as a promising vector for further studies of this problem.
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Weston, RH. "Some aspects of constraint to forage consumption by ruminants." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47, no. 2 (1996): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9960175.
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Various aspects of forage intake regulation are discussed with the objective of providing a basis on which assessments could be made of (i) the scope for forage intake manipulation, and (ii) priority areas for further research. A simple conceptual model of the regulation is presented which permits the linking of rumen function and energy metabolism. It takes cognizance of upper physiological limits for (i) energy disposal, (ii) the clearance of digesta organic matter from the rumen, and (iii) muscular fatigue, as well as a range of dietary and environmental constraints. The transmission to the brain of signals relating to amount of digesta in the rumen and the ruminant's energy deficit are considered to be important in the intake regulation. An alternative conceptual model which recognises the amount of energy in the circulating energy pool, rather than the energy deficit, as the origin of signals relating to energy metabolism, is also discussed. It is considered that over a range of forage qualities neither the rumen digesta load ceiling nor the capacity to use energy limit intake; in this range both the resistance of the forage organic matter to removal from the rumen and the net energy value of the forage act as constraints. A method to calculate forage intake constraint is presented, and theoretical relationships between rumen digesta load, net energy intake, energy deficit and forage intake constraint have been formulated to facilitate interpretation of data obtained in forage intake studies. Forage intake in the reproduction cycle is discussed in the context of an optimum nutritional strategy for ensuring species survival. It is considered that the intake changes at mating and immediately prior to parturition, together with the decrease in rate of nutrient storage in maternal reserve tissues in late pregnancy and the use of these tissue stores in early lactation, are consistent with such a strategy. In this context it is suggested that (i) the relevant reproduction hormones affect intake via modulation of the metabolism of the maternal tissue stores and (ii) this type of regulation and its accompanying production losses need not be necessary in those production systems permitting some control of nutrition.
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Chen, Ching-Hsiang, Kuo-Sheng Hung, Yu-Chu Chung, and Mei-Ling Yeh. "Mind–body interactive qigong improves physical and mental aspects of quality of life in inpatients with stroke: A randomized control study." European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 18, no. 8 (June 23, 2019): 658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474515119860232.
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Background: Stroke, a medical condition that causes physical disability and mental health problems, impacts negatively on quality of life. Post-stroke rehabilitation is critical to restoring quality of life in these patients. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of a mind–body interactive qigong intervention on the physical and mental aspects of quality of life, considering bio-physiological and mental covariates in subacute stroke inpatients. Methods: A randomized controlled trial with repeated measures design was used. A total of 68 participants were recruited from the medical and rehabilitation wards at a teaching hospital in northern Taiwan and then randomly assigned either to the Chan-Chuang qigong group, which received standard care plus a 10-day mind–body interactive exercise program, or to the control group, which received standard care only. Data were collected using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Short Form-12, stroke-related neurologic deficit, muscular strength, heart rate variability and fatigue at three time points: pre-intervention, halfway through the intervention (day 5) and on the final day of the intervention (day 10). Results: The results of the mixed-effect model analysis showed that the qigong group had a significantly higher quality of life score at day 10 ( p<0.05) than the control group. Among the covariates, neurologic deficit ( p=0.04), muscle strength ( p=0.04), low frequency to high frequency ratio ( p=0.02) and anxiety ( p=0.04) were significantly associated with changes in quality of life. Conversely, heart rate, heart rate variability (standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals, low frequency and high frequency), fatigue and depression were not significantly associated with change in quality of life ( p >0.05). Conclusions: This study supports the potential benefits of a 10-day mind–body interactive exercise (Chan-Chuang qigong) program for subacute stroke inpatients and provides information that may be useful in planning adjunctive rehabilitative care for stroke inpatients.
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Sami Fawzy, Tarek M Esmael, Hany Hosny, and Arulanantham Zechariah Jebakumar. "Effect of sleep quality on educational performance of paramedic students of Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences (PSMCHS) in the Eastern Province of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Life Sciences 9, no. 2 (July 22, 2021): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijprls.v9i2.1413.
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Increasing students’ academic stress especially during exams may result in sleep disorders, fatigue, poor academic performance and low functional efficiency. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of sleep quality on educational performance of paramedic students. This research depends on a cross-sectional observational study. The samples of the study were 150 individual who will be chosen randomly from Saudi PSMCHS-Dhahran paramedic students. Data related to demographic aspects, work-related information was gathered from the samples of the study. Finally, the data of the study was analyzed through SPSS program. Four sleep scales were adopted for the study like Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (KPDS). The level of education like diploma and bachelor had a significant relation between the ESS and FSS. Bridging level of education has relation with KPDS. Marital status and BMI were significant with ISI and KPDS respectively. Physiological distress and excessive day time sleepiness were significant with ISI, FSS and KPDS.It can be stated that sleep quality of paramedic students is affected with high ratio by the educational performance. This is because the high stress of work regarding paramedic students leads them to have less amount of sleep quality and then this affects their educational performance.
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Verburg, Esther, Travis L. Dutka, and Graham D. Lamb. "Long-lasting muscle fatigue: partial disruption of excitation-contraction coupling by elevated cytosolic Ca2+ concentration during contractions." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 290, no. 4 (April 2006): C1199—C1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00469.2005.
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The repeated elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) above resting levels during contractile activity has been associated with long-lasting muscle fatigue. The mechanism underlying this fatigue appears to involve elevated [Ca2+]i levels that induce disruption of the excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling process at the triad junction. Unclear, however, are which aspects of the activity-related [Ca2+]i changes are responsible for the deleterious effects, in particular whether they depend primarily on the peak [Ca2+]i reached locally at particular sites or on the temporal summation of the increased [Ca2+] in the cytoplasm as a whole. In this study, we used mechanically skinned fibers from rat extensor digitorum longus muscle, in which the normal E-C coupling process remains intact. The [Ca2+]i was raised either by applying a set elevated [Ca2+] throughout the fiber or by using action potential stimulation to induce the release of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ by the normal E-C coupling system with or without augmentation by caffeine or buffering with BAPTA. Herein we show that elevating [Ca2+]i in the physiological range of 2–20 μM irreversibly disrupts E-C coupling in a concentration-dependent manner but requires exposure for a relatively long time (1–3 min) to cause substantial uncoupling. The effectiveness of Ca2+ released via the endogenous system in disrupting E-C coupling indicates that the relatively high [Ca2+]i attained close to the release site at the triad junction is a more important factor than the increase in bulk [Ca2+]i. Our results suggest that during prolonged vigorous activity, the many repeated episodes of relatively high triadic [Ca2+] can disrupt E-C coupling and lead to long-lasting fatigue.
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Hunt, Penelope J., Eleanor M. Gurnell, Felicia A. Huppert, Christine Richards, A. Toby Prevost, John A. H. Wass, Joseph Herbert, and V. Krishna K. Chatterjee. "Improvement in Mood and Fatigue after Dehydroepiandrosterone Replacement in Addison’s Disease in a Randomized, Double Blind Trial." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 85, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 4650–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.85.12.7022.
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Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS) are adrenal precursors of steroid biosynthesis and centrally acting neurosteroids. Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid deficiencies in Addison’s disease require life-long hormone replacement, but the associated failure of DHEA synthesis is not corrected. We conducted a randomized, double blind study in which 39 patients with Addison’s disease received either 50 mg oral DHEA daily for 12 weeks, followed by a 4-week washout period, then 12 weeks of placebo, or vice versa. After DHEA treatment, levels of DHEAS andΔ 4-androstenedione rose from subnormal to within the adult physiological range. Total testosterone increased from subnormal to low normal with a fall in serum sex hormone-binding globulin in females, but with no change in either parameter in males. In both sexes, psychological assessment showed significant enhancement of self-esteem with a tendency for improved overall well-being. Mood and fatigue also improved significantly, with benefit being evident in the evenings. No effects on cognitive or sexual function, body composition, lipids, or bone mineral density were observed. Our results indicate that DHEA replacement corrects this steroid deficiency effectively and improves some aspects of psychological function. Beneficial effects in males, independent of circulating testosterone levels, suggest that it may act directly on the central nervous system rather than by augmenting peripheral androgen biosynthesis. These positive effects, in the absence of significant adverse events, suggest a role for DHEA replacement therapy in the treatment of Addison’s disease.
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Murray, Andrew M., Joong Hyun Ryu, John Sproule, Anthony P. Turner, Phil Graham-Smith, and Marco Cardinale. "A Pilot Study Using Entropy as a Noninvasive Assessment of Running." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no. 8 (September 2017): 1119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0205.
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Purpose:Running performance is influenced by the interaction of biomechanical and physiological factors. Miniaturized accelerometers worn by athletes can be used to quantify mechanical aspects of running and as a noninvasive tool to assess training status and progression. The aim of this study was to define and validate a method to assess running regularity and allow the estimation of an individual’s oxygen uptake (V̇O2) and/or blood lactate—[La]b—based on data collected with accelerometers and heart rate.Methods:Male adolescent endurance athletes completed an incremental submaximal aerobic stage test where V̇O2 and [La]b were measured. The test was terminated when [La]b concentration at the end of the stage exceeded 4 mmol/L. Two wireless triaxial accelerometers were placed on participants’ right shank and lower back throughout the test. The root mean square (RMS) and sample entropy (SampEn) were calculated for the vertical, mediolateral, and anteroposterior components of acceleration.Results:There were significant positive correlations of acceleration and entropy variables with [La]b and V̇O2, with moderate to high coefficients (r = .43–.87). RMS of the shank acceleration was the most highly related with both physiological variables. When the accelerometer was attached on the trunk, SampEn of the vertical acceleration had the strongest relationship with V̇O2 (r = .76, P < .01).Conclusions:The described method analyzing running complexity may allow an assessment of gait variability, which noninvasively tracks V̇O2 and/or [La]b, allowing monitoring of fatigue or training readiness for trained adolescent individuals.
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Falkenstein, Michael, Jörg Hoormann, and Joachim Hohnsbein. "Inhibition-Related ERP Components: Variation with Modality, Age, and Time-on-Task." Journal of Psychophysiology 16, no. 3 (January 2002): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//0269-8803.16.3.167.
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Abstract In Go/Nogo tasks, the ERP after Nogo stimuli generally reveals a negativity (Nogo-)N2 and a subsequent positivity (Nogo-)P3 over fronto-central scalp regions. These components are probably related to different subprocesses serving response inhibition, namely, modality-specific and general inhibition, respectively. In the present study we investigate whether aging or prolonged work (“time-on-task”) have an effect on N2 and P3. Twelve young and 12 elderly subjects performed simple Go/Nogo tasks to visual or auditory letter stimuli. Reaction times were longer after visual than after auditory stimuli, and longer in the elderly than in the young. The ERP results reveal a slight impairment of modality-specific inhibition (N2) in the elderly after visual, but not after auditory, stimuli. General inhibition (P3) was delayed in the elderly for both modalities, as was Go-P3 and RT. Hence, it appears that the response slowing of the elderly is the result of a slowing of the decision process whether to respond or to inhibit. Moreover, age appears to affect both aspects of inhibition in a different manner. No effects of time-on-task were found, which suggests that the inhibitory processes are fairly robust against mental fatigue.
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Staňková, Dana Maria, and Miloš Drdla. "Incidence of stress on top management and its impact upon health and work area." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 57, no. 6 (2009): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200957060235.
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Within the frame of this paper the key theoretical knowledge to the selected topic is described, the presentation of partial results and discussion on the issue of the psychological aspects of managerial work, focusing on stress and its manifestations are submitted. The aim of this research was to identify the most frequent stress symptoms in the physiological, emotional and behavioral field and to define the main factors which cause them in work and private life terms. For the purpose of this research of stress effects on health area a questionnaire technology of our own design was chosen. For a deeper understanding of sources of an increased psychological stress in managerial activities a technique of interviews with the top managers was used. Research investigation has showed the action of stress on the senior managers, particularly increased during the current economic recession. The most significant signs of stress are manifested in physiological area, especially by fatigue, headache, digestion problems and sleep disturbances, as in the emotional area by anxiety, excessive concern and overall irritability. At the same time stress impacts also the behavioral area, where it has a negative impact to the work and family life. In the course of processing this subject, an absolutely obvious need occurred for a deeper processing of this large area of work stress, which will be subsequently dealing with, and whose output will be, the methodology of anti-stress strategy for HR (Human Resources) managers and Senior Executives of companies to prevent stress, promote health and quality of living conditions in the workplace.
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Vincent, Grace E., Brad Aisbett, Alexander Wolkow, Sarah M. Jay, Nicola D. Ridgers, and Sally A. Ferguson. "Sleep in wildland firefighters: what do we know and why does it matter?" International Journal of Wildland Fire 27, no. 2 (2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf17109.
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Wildland firefighters perform physical work while being subjected to multiple stressors and adverse, volatile working environments for extended periods. Recent research has highlighted sleep as a significant and potentially modifiable factor impacting operational performance. The aim of this review was to (1) examine the existing literature on firefighters’ sleep quantity and quality during wildland firefighting operations; (2) synthesise the operational and environmental factors that impact on sleep during wildland firefighting; and (3) assess how sleep impacts aspects of firefighters’ health and safety, including mental and physical health, physical task performance, physical activity and cognitive performance. Firefighters’ sleep is restricted during wildfire deployments, particularly when shifts have early start times, are of long duration and when sleeping in temporary accommodation. Shortened sleep impairs cognitive but not physical performance under simulated wildfire conditions. The longer-term impacts of sleep restriction on physiological and mental health require further research. Work shifts should be structured, wherever possible, to provide regular and sufficient recovery opportunities (rest during and sleep between shifts), especially in dangerous working environments where fatigue-related errors have severe consequences. Fire agencies should implement strategies to improve and manage firefighters’ sleep and reduce any adverse impacts on firefighters’ work.
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Montgomery, Paul G., and Brendan D. Maloney. "3×3 Basketball: Performance Characteristics and Changes During Elite Tournament Competition." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 13, no. 10 (November 1, 2018): 1349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0011.
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Purpose: To determine the changes in game performance during tournament play of elite 3×3 basketball. Methods: A total of 361 men and 208 women competing in selected international tournaments had game demands assessed by wearable technology (global positioning system, inertial sensor, and heart rate) along with postgame blood lactate and perceived responses. Differences in the means for selected variables between games were compared using magnitude-based inferences and reported with effect size and associated confidence limits (CL), along with the percentage difference (ES; ±90% CL, %difference) of log-transformed data. Results: No clear differences were seen over a tournament period in PlayerLoad™ or PlayerLoad·minute−1. Tournament competition elicits variable changes between games for all inertial measures. Average peak heart rate was 198 (10) and 198 (9) beats·min−1, and average game heart rate was 164 (12) and 165 (18) beats·min−1 for men and women, respectively, with no change between games. Average game lactate was 6.3 (2.4) and 6.1 (2.2) mmol·L−1 for men and women, respectively. Average game ratings of perceived exertion were 5.7 (2.1) and 5.4 (2.0) AU for men and women, respectively. Although lactate and ratings of perceived exertion were variable between games, there was no difference over a tournament. Conclusions: The physical and physiological demands of elite 3×3 games over the duration of a tournament are similar regardless of pool or championship rounds. This may imply that maintaining technical and strategic aspects leads to success rather than minimizing fatigue through superior physical preparation. However, the physiological responses are high; caution is warranted in being underprepared for these demands in tournament play.
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Burnett, Kristina M., Lisa A. Solterbeck, and Chehalis M. Strapp. "Scent and Mood State following an Anxiety-Provoking Task." Psychological Reports 95, no. 2 (October 2004): 707–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.95.2.707-722.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of water, lavender, or rosemary scent on physiology and mood state following an anxiety-provoking task. The nonsmoking participants, ages 18–30 years, included 42 women and 31 men who reported demographic information and measures of external temperature and heart rate were taken prior to introduction of an anxiety-eliciting task and exposure to lavender, rosemary, or water scents. Following the task, participants completed the Profile of Mood States to assess mood, and temperature and heart rate were reassessed. Participants rated the pleasantness of the scent received. When pleasantness ratings of scent were covaried, physiological changes in temperature and heart rate did not differ based on scent exposure, but mood ratings differed by scent condition. Participants in the rosemary condition scored higher on measures of tension–anxiety and confusion–bewilderment relative to the lavender and control conditions. The lavender and control conditions showed higher mean vigor–activity ratings relative to the rosemary group, while both rosemary and lavender scents were associated with lower mean ratings on the fatigue–inertia subscale, relative to the control group. These results suggest that, when individual perception of scent pleasantness is controlled, scent has the potential to moderate different aspects of mood following an anxiety-provoking task.
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Wegener, G., and U. Krause. "Different modes of activating phosphofructokinase, a key regulatory enzyme of glycolysis, in working vertebrate muscle." Biochemical Society Transactions 30, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0300264.
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Glycolytic flux in white muscle can be increased several-hundredfold by exercise. Phosphofructokinase (PFK; EC 2.7.1.11) is a key regulatory enzyme of glycolysis, but how its activity in muscle is controlled is not fully understood. In order not to neglect integrative aspects of metabolic regulation, we have studied in frogs (Rana temporaria) a physiological form of muscle work (swimming) that can be triggered like a reflex. We analysed swimming to fatigue in well rested frogs, recovery from exercise, and repeated exercise after 2 h of recovery. At various times, gastrocnemius muscles were tested for glycolytic intermediates and effectors of PFK. All metabolites responded similarly to the two periods of exercise, with the notable exception of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6P2), which we proved to be a most potent activator of frog muscle PFK. The first bout of exercise triggered a more than 10-fold increase in F2,6P2; PFK activity and the content of F2,6P2 in muscle were well correlated. F2,6P2 decreased to pre-exercise levels in fatigued frogs and it virtually disappeared during recovery. Varying by a factor of 70, F2,6P2 was the most dynamic of all metabolites in muscle. Even more surprisingly, F2,6P2 did not respond at all to a second bout of exercise. Other activators of PFK, such as Pi, AMP and ADP, are increased as a consequence of increased ATP turnover in contracting muscle cells. This does not apply to F2,6P2, which is likely to respond to extracellular signals and could be involved in mechanisms by which muscle metabolism is integrated into the metabolism of the whole body. Whether this phenomenon exists in vertebrates other than the frog, and maybe even in humans, and how the content of F2,6P2 in muscle is controlled are intriguing open questions.
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Benute, Glaucia R. G., Debora C. R. Nozzella, Cecilia Prohaska, Adolfo Liao, Mara C. S. de Lucia, and Marcelo Zugaib. "Twin Pregnancies: Evaluation of Major Depression, Stress, and Social Support." Twin Research and Human Genetics 16, no. 2 (February 11, 2013): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2012.153.
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Background: Twin pregnancies are at increased physiological and psychosocial risks. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of major depression in twin pregnancies and correlate with stress and social support. Method: The study included 51 pregnant women under specialized prenatal care who were evaluated by a Portuguese version of the semi-structured questionnaire Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) for Major Depression, and the Prenatal Psychosocial Profile (PPP) for evaluation of stress and social support. Results: Major depression was found in 33.3% of pregnant women, and prevailing symptoms were fatigue or loss of energy (100%), insomnia or hypersomnia (82.4%), changes in appetite (82.4%), decreased interest in daily activities (82.4%), and psychomotor agitation or retardation (82.4%). Among pregnant women who were diagnosed depressive, 76.5% also had a high level of stress and 47.1% complained about lack of social support. Statistical significance was found when correlating depression with perception of negative aspects of having twins and belief in significant body changes during pregnancy (p = .005 and .03, respectively). Marital status, occupation, and pregnancy planning were not significantly associated with the diagnosis of depression. Conclusion: Major depression occurs in one-third of pregnant women expecting twins and is associated with higher levels of stress and lack of social support. A multidisciplinary approach in these cases is fundamental to minimize further risks and complications.
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Heidari, Jahan, Jürgen Beckmann, Maurizio Bertollo, Michel Brink, K. Wolfgang Kallus, Claudio Robazza, and Michael Kellmann. "Multidimensional Monitoring of Recovery Status and Implications for Performance." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0669.
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Monitoring recovery in the context of athletic performance has gained significant importance during recent years. As a systematic process of data collection and evaluation, the monitoring of recovery can be implemented for various purposes. It may help prevent negative outcomes of training or competition, such as underrecovery, overtraining, or injuries. Furthermore, it aims to establish routines and strategies necessary to guarantee athletes’ readiness for performance by restoring their depleted resources. Comprehensive monitoring of recovery ideally encompasses a multidimensional approach, thereby considering biological, psychological, and social monitoring methods. From a biological perspective, physiological (eg, cardiac parameters), biochemical (eg, creatine kinase), hormonal (eg, salivary cortisol), and immunological (eg, immunoglobulin A) markers can be taken into account to operationalize training loads and recovery needs. Psychological approaches suggest the application of validated and reliable psychometric questionnaires (eg, Recovery–Stress Questionnaire for Athletes) to measure a subjective perception of recovery, as well as the subjective degree of training- or competition-induced fatigue. Social aspects also play a role in performance monitoring and may hence provide essential performance-related information. The implementation of a monitoring routine in athletic environments represents a continuous process that functions as an effective addition to training and depends on a range of conditions (eg, organizational regulations, commitment of athletes). Current research in the field of monitoring aims to establish individualized monitoring regimens that refer to intraindividual reference values with the help of innovative technological devices.
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Barbosa, João Arthur Brunhara Alves, and José Cury. "Androgen replacement therapy in men: current evidence and controversy." Revista de Medicina 97, no. 3 (July 18, 2018): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v97i3p295-300.
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The decline in Testosterone (T) levels in the ageing male - known as andropause or late-onset hypogonadism - may be responsible for several aspects of quality of life decline in older men: erectile dysfunction, impaired libido, decreased strength and energy, sarcopenia, osteopenia, fatigue and even depression in some cases. Many of these signs and symptoms represent the same alterations that are usually attributed to the process of ageing. When some individual presents with such symptoms, hypogonadism should be suspected, and serum T level should be evaluated. Men who are symptomatic and present low levels of serum Testosterone (generally below 300 ng/ml) are candidates for T replacement therapy. Current evidence shows that, when correctly selected, patients receiving T replacement may benefit from improvement in libido, erectile function, overall and sexual related quality of life, bone density and muscle mass. Conversely, patients with physiological circulating levels of T who receive hormone, aiming at supraphysiologic levels, may face severe side effects, including testicular atrophy and behavioral changes. Of note, T replacement, regardless of age and pre-therapy levels, leads to fertility impairment which can be transient or persistent. Direct testosterone replacement should not be indicated in men who wish to conceive children, although other options are available. The effect of Testosterone replacement on prostate cancer and on cardiovascular risk is still controversial; hypogonadal men known to have prostate cancer or high cardiovascular risk should be examined individually to have their risks stratified and mitigated.
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Semenchenko, H. I., A. V. Melnyk, and V. F. Zavertalyuk. "The effectiveness of compatible agrophytocenoses depending on the allelopathic interaction of plants." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, no. 4 (August 10, 2020): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_167.
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The main criteria for the functioning of agronomic phytocoenosis are indicators of their economic and energy efficiency. In particular, the issues of manufacturability and rational use of sown areas during the growing season characterize the level of agronomic culture in a particular geographical area. Under these conditions, it is important to study the possibility of joint cultivation of agricultural plants, which will reduce energy consumption, improve the phytosanitary condition of crops and increase the profitability of agricultural production. When growing tomatoes in compatible crops, it is necessary to take into account not only aspects of technology, but also the interaction of plants with each other at the level of physiological and biochemical processes. That is why allelopathic relationship between plants, due to the physiologically active substances they secrete at the initial stage of ontogenesis, is not without the interest. It is the scientific basis for the development of sound crop rotation and mixed (compacted) crops, and also helps to increase the productivity of agro- and natural coenoses in order to prevent soil fatigue in monoculture, control weeds, pests, phytopathogenic organisms, etc. Allelopathic substances (collins) of some plant species cause different reactions to other species: some of them have active growth, others have suppressed growth processes, and still others remain neutral to such effects. The stimulating effect is manifested in the awakening of seeds, strengthening of growth processes and the formation of seedling organs. In future this fact will lead to the activation of plant development and an increase in their productivity. At the same time, mutual oppression of plants cannot be ruled out, which can be detected during laboratory studies using biological tests. Field studies of compatible (compacted) crops of tomato with other plants (sugar corn, shallots) were performed using allelopathic testing methods according to Grodzinsky. The expediency and economic efficiency of growing tomatoes in compatible crops with shallots on a green feather have been experimentally proved using statistical methods.
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Abdulaal, Mohammad Awad Al-Dawoody, and Naglaa Fathy Mohammad Atia Abuslema. "Spontaneity of Speech Errors: A Diagnostic Psycholinguistic Case Study." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 3 (March 17, 2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n3p92.
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The aim of this study is to use speech errors as a verbal means of communication to clarify the psychological aspects of George W. Bush’s character. Bush’s character is chosen for being highly controversial, having received the lowest approval rating in 2008 and the highest approval rating after the September 11 attacks. To achieve the aim of this study, a psycholinguistic approach is adopted in addition to a speech production model set by Dell (1999), and Chang and Griffin (1999). Some of Bush’s spontaneous errors are supposed to be collected, and then categorized from a psycholinguistic perspective and finally analyzed statistically. The main results of the study can be summed in the following points. (a) The phonological and morphological errors, caused by the psychological priming, reveal how much perplexity and confusion Bush has experienced. (b) Bush’s Freudian slips—caused by psycho-physiological factors, such as fatigue, excitement, and distraction—reveal the fact that he is not an open outright president as he represses many thoughts and feelings more than he shows. (c) Bush’s syntactic errors, caused by the improper lexical insertion, reveal his poor linguistic competence; the matter that reveals low intelligence for many psychologists such as Pishghadam and Shams (2012). (d) The economical use of speech disfluencies, caused by problems in the recognition system, reveals that Bush has a tendency of rashness. That is, he may take rapid incorrect decisions that lead to catastrophes.
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Gant, Nicholas, Ajmol Ali, and Andrew Foskett. "The Influence of Caffeine and Carbohydrate Coingestion on Simulated Soccer Performance." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 20, no. 3 (June 2010): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.20.3.191.
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Carbohydrate and caffeine are known to independently improve certain aspects of athletic performance. However, less is understood about physiological and performance outcomes when these compounds are coingested in a rehydration and carbohydrate-replacement strategy. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of adding a moderate dose of caffeine to a carbohydrate solution during prolonged soccer activity. Fifteen male soccer players performed two 90-min intermittent shuttle-running trials. They ingested a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CON) providing a total of 1.8 g/kg body mass (BM) of carbohydrate or a similar solution with added caffeine (CAF; 3.7 mg/kg BM). Solutions were ingested 1 hr before exercise and every 15 min during the protocol. Soccer passing skill and countermovement-jump height (CMJ) were quantified before exercise and regularly during exercise. Sprinting performance, heart rate, blood lactate concentration (La) and the subjective experiences of participants were measured routinely. Mean 15-m sprint time was faster during CAF (p = .04); over the final 15 min of exercise mean sprint times were CAF 2.48 ± 0.15 s vs. CON 2.59 ± 0.2 s. Explosive leg power (CMJ) was improved during CAF (52.9 ± 5.8 vs. CON 51.7 ± 5.7 cm, p = .03). Heart rate was elevated throughout CAF, and ratings of pleasure were significantly enhanced. There were no significant differences in passing skill, rating of perceived exertion, La, or body-mass losses between trials. The addition of caffeine to the carbohydrate-electrolyte solution improved sprinting performance, countermovement jumping, and the subjective experiences of players. Caffeine appeared to offset the fatigue-induced decline in self-selected components of performance.
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Blue, Rebecca S., Jeffery C. Chancellor, Rahul Suresh, Lisa S. Carnell, David P. Reyes, Craig D. Nowadly, and Erik L. Antonsen. "Challenges in Clinical Management of Radiation-Induced Illnesses During Exploration Spaceflight." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 90, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 966–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.5370.2019.
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INTRODUCTION: Analysis of historical solar particle events (SPEs) provides context for some understanding of acute radiation exposure risk to astronauts who will travel outside of low-Earth orbit. Predicted levels of radiation exposures to exploration crewmembers could produce some health impacts, including nausea, emesis, and fatigue, though more severe clinical manifestations are unlikely. Using current models of anticipated physiological sequelae, we evaluated the clinical challenges of managing radiation-related clinical concerns during exploration spaceflight.METHODS: A literature review was conducted to identify terrestrial management standards for radiation-induced illnesses, focusing on prodromal symptom treatment. Terrestrial management was compared to current spaceflight medical capabilities to identify gaps and highlight challenges involved in expanding capabilities for future exploration spaceflight.RESULTS: Current spaceflight medical resources, such as those found on the International Space Station, may be sufficient to manage some aspects of radiation-induced illness, although effective treatment of all potential manifestations would require substantial expansion of capabilities. Terrestrial adjunctive therapies or more experimental treatments are unavailable in current spaceflight medical capabilities but may have a role in future management of acute radiation exposure.DISCUSSION: Expanded medical capabilities for managing radiation-induced illnesses could be included onboard future exploration vehicles. However, this would require substantial research, time, and funding to reach flight readiness, and vehicle limitations may restrict such capabilities for exploration missions. The benefits of including expanded capabilities should be weighed against the likelihood of significant radiation exposure and extensive mission design constraints.Blue RS, Chancellor JC, Suresh R, Carnell LS, Reyes DP, Nowadly CD, Antonsen EL. Challenges in clinical management of radiation-induced illnesses during exploration spaceflight. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(11):966–977.
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Kaplan, Danielle, John B. O'Hara, Carolina Posada, and Kristin E. Slyne. "A-78 Interdisciplinary Consultation in a Case of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis with Unique Neuropsychiatric Symptoms." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 36, no. 6 (August 30, 2021): 1121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab062.96.
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Abstract Objective Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a rare neurological condition (~2–4 per million) marked by brain inflammation caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV). HSE is associated with both cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms, particularly memory and executive dysfunction. We present the case of a 63-year-old, right-handed, St. Lucian female who completed serial neuropsychological evaluations (NPE). Method The patient presented with a six-day history (per collateral) of fever, confusion, and nausea. The patient denied cognitive changes. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed leptomeningeal enhancement in the right sylvian fissure, multiple right temporal sulci, and inferior right frontal lobe (Figure 1). There was no indication of seizures. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was positive for HSV-1. A two-week course of intravenous acyclovir was initiated on hospital day three. Results (Table 1). Initial NPE results (day five) revealed global cognitive impairment with sparing of auditory attention; exam was limited secondary to significant fatigue. Following completion of antivirals, subsequent NPE (day 17) revealed similar findings, despite improved alertness; left neglect (Figure 2) and significant anosagnosia (i.e., lack of disease awareness) and anosodiaphoria (i.e., indifference reaction to neurological deficits) were noted. Two-month outpatient follow-up NPE revealed marginal improvement in aspects of language and learning, but continued memory impairment, dense anosagnosia, and anosodiaphoria. Conclusion In this case, the patient presented with salient neuropsychiatric sequelae of HSE that have not been commonly associated with this condition in the extant literature. Her denial of cognitive symptoms may have initially confounded the differential diagnosis, emphasizing the importance of multi-specialty collaboration. Limitations of available normative data also complicated examination.
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Seidel, Wojciech, Andrzej Klarowicz, Marek Rejman, and Stefan Szczepan. "An Evaluation of the Usefulness of Stroke Index Values in the Swimming Training of People with Disabilities." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjst-2016-0018.
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Abstract Introduction. When evaluating the swimming technique of people with disabilities, a particularly important factor, besides physiological aspects, is the efficiency of the effort expended. This suggests that assessing and monitoring the effectiveness of swimming should be a regular part of training for swimmers with disabilities. Therefore, it seems important to distinguish how changes occur in the parameters that determine the effectiveness of swimming. This is especially true of anaerobic lactic exercise as the lactic acid concentration in the blood increases significantly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of calculating velocity and the stroke index in the swimming training of people with disabilities, along with the progressive fatigue of a high-intensity interval training workout. Material and methods. The sample comprised 12 elite competitors with a disability. The experiment consisted in swimming sequential distances of 48 m, 50 m, 52 m, and 54 m at maximum intensity. Competitors performed four sets of four repetitions with a 75-second interval between repetitions and 15 minutes of active resting between sets. All sets were recorded using five digital cameras with a frequency of 50 frames per second. The recorded material was analysed with the use of motion analysis software, and the stroke index was calculated. Results. There was found to be no significant change in the average swimming velocity during each set and corresponding repetition, which means that the participants were able to tolerate the training intensity. Also, the stroke index did not change to a statistically significant degree in either of the subsequent sets or the subsequent repetitions (p < 0.05). Conclusions. We conclude that analysing the value of the swimming stroke index for people with disabilities can be a diagnostic method for assessing the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training.
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Papa, G. "New horizons for insulin therapy with a pump: the artificial pancreas." Journal of AMD 24, no. 2 (July 2021): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36171/jamd21.24.2.2.
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The monitoring and treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D) are undergoing profound changes today. Notable steps include the improvement and widespread adoption of glucose sensors which are now extremely reliable and furthermore are used with insulin pumps in an integrated manner. Over the last 2 to 3 years these systems have evolved rapidly with the development and use of algorithms which permit the autonomous regulation of basal insulin. Correct control and administration of basal insulin is often the greatest stumbling block in multiple daily injection therapy as basal insulins cannot replicate the physiological rhythms of basal insulin secretion. Hypoglycemia is another critical point in standard insulin pen therapy as it does not permit dosage modulation in the same way as with an insulin pump. In this article we cover the fundamental steps in this revolution of insulin therapy which promises, in the not too distant future, the ultimate achievement of the artificial pancreas and thus the complete closure of the loop. All those working in diabetes care must be adequately trained and familiar with this technology as it should no longer be considered a niche treatment reserved for carefully selected patients and managed in only a few centers of excellence. In order to choose the best treatment, tailored to each individual patient’s needs, medical staff involved in the treatment of T1D require a thorough knowledge of standalone glucose sensors, insulin pumps and integrated systems with control algorithms.Once the critical issues (costs, psychological aspects, system management difficulties, alarm fatigue, etc.) still related to their use have been resolved, new Hybrid Closed Loop and Advanced Hybrid Closed Loop systems could become the new standard in the treatment of T1D. KEY WORDS type 1 Diabetes; insulin pump; decision-making algorithms; integrated system.
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Soroka, Olena. "THE RELIABILITY OF SAILORS’ PROFESSIONAL WORK: THE MAIN DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES." Psychological journal 6, no. 10 (October 30, 2020): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.10.8.
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The article presents the systematic theoretical and methodological analysis of psychological aspects of sailors’ professional work reliability. Sailors’ reliability is associated with their performance capacity, which affects efficiency of their work and reflects, to a greater extent, the procedural work characteristics. We have determined the main integral indicators of sailors’ work: efficiency (work achievements: productivity, speed, completeness, etc.) and quality (functional or technical characteristics). A marine specialist’s reliability is determined by their erroneous actions or through the category of human performance capacity, but this category focuses mainly on a specialist’s internal potentialities and capabilities, but does not fully disclose the working process (stability of functioning) and its result (reliability, failure-free). The features of sailors’ stress and its consequences are described. The features of sea transport specialists’ professional competence in the aspect of psychological readiness for work are determined. The reliability of sailors’ professional work is determined not only by professional characteristics, but also by their motivational, cognitive, psychomotor, emotional-volitional, temperamental and personal characteristics. Researchers describe the signs of professional work reliability with the aim not only to identify the procedural and effective parameters of work, but also to determine corresponding psychophysiological characteristics. The parameters assessing sailor’s psychological readiness to reliable professional work are determined. The psychological and physiological mechanisms stabilizing sea and river transport specialists’ health is determined; we should point that prolonged and intensive work lead to decreased working capability, fatigue, as a natural body reaction determined physiologically. The mechanisms stabilizing psychological health and the main stages of the formation of marine specialists’ work reliability are theoretically substantiated: potential professional physical and psychological readiness, individual characteristics leading to professional mistakes at sea, high-quality professional education and further trainings, adaptation to professional activities at sea, regular work. Regular trainings are important, because they help to improve sailors’ psycho-emotional stability. Professional training for the specialists should involve the development of their self-regulation as a psychological mechanism ensuring the reliability of their professional work. Psychological support of professional education can act as a technology forming the reliability of marine specialists’ professional work. Such psychological support shall help to create an orientation field for sailors’ professional development, strengthening their professional Self, maintaining their adequate self-esteem, helping them master the methods for professional psychological self-preservation. However, the widely used practice to assess only limited number of skills limits also the development of a holistic portfolio that includes all the necessary skills required for good reliability and efficiency at the workplace with certain responsibility. The examined scientific studies have shown that maritime transport specialists’ work take place in extreme conditions, so in order to improve their reliability, training alerts, simulators, business games and psychological trainings should be used.
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Andri, Juli, Agus Ramon, Padila Padila, Andry Sartika, and Eka Putriana. "Pengalaman Pasien ODHA dalam Adaptasi Fisiologis." Journal of Telenursing (JOTING) 2, no. 2 (September 10, 2020): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/joting.v2i2.1397.
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This study aims to explore the experiences of ODHA patients in physiological adaptations in Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu. This type of research is qualitative research with survey methods and in-depth interviews (In-depth Interview). The results showed that the knowledge aspect of the three informants understood and knew about HIV / AIDS. Elements of the problem of physiological adaptation are obtained in the form of continuous diarrhea, continued appetite, drastic weight loss, fatigue when on the move, insomnia or sleep disturbances, itchy skin, infection of the skin, uncomplicated illness (fever, flu, and cough), joint pains, tingling sensation, forgetfulness, low vision, and refusing to open up to the surrounding environment. The aspect of ODHA experience in overcoming the problem of physiological adaptation is that ODHA not only depends on ARV drugs, but they use other medications according to complaints and use herbal medicines. In conclusion, the three informants understand HIV / AIDS, have many problems that arise in physiological adaptation, and how ODHA to overcome the problem of physiological adaptation, namely traditional and pharmacological ways.
Keywords: Physiological Adaptation, Experience of ODHA
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Kalachev, V. N., T. N. Zakharenkova, A. E. Kozlov, and O. V. Osipkina. "Neurohumoral and biochemical markers of prolonged second stage of labor." Health and Ecology Issues, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2021-18-1-16.
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Objective: to study the role of neurohumoral and biochemical changes in the pathogenesis of prolonged second stage of labor.Material and methods. To achieve the above objective, we examined 35 parturient women with prolonged second stage of labor and 45 parturient women with physiological labor. We studied the levels of progesterone, estradiol, relaxin, serotonin, cholesterol, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total antioxidant capacity of plasma, products of final protein oxidation, as well as the total concentrations of nitrite and nitrate ions (NOx) in blood plasma.Results. In the women with prolonged second stage of labor, the levels of estradiol and progesterone were significantly higher than in those with physiological childbirth (p1 = 0.037, p2 = 0.029). The women giving birth by operation had higher estradiol (p = 0.017) and progesterone (p = 0.07) levels than those giving birth physiologically. The level of relaxin was lower in the women with prolonged second period of labor than in those with physiological labor (p = 0.084), especially in the case of operative delivery (p = 0.041), the risk of which increases 4.1 times when the relaxin concentration is less than 36.4 ng/l. Compared to the patients giving physiological childbirth, the patients with prolonged second stage of labor who delivered by cesarean section had significantly higher TBARS levels (p = 0.043). Its concentration > 180.3 μmol/l increases the risk of cesarean section almost by 12 times (p = 0.003).Conclusion. The hormonal aspect of the pathogenesis of prolonged second stage of labor is characterized by higher concentrations of steroid hormones — estradiol and progesterone, as well as by a lower level of relaxin in plasma. The biochemical aspect of the pathogenesis is represented by an increased concentration of lipid peroxidation products, which can be identified with severe physical fatigue in childbirth. The detected changes can be applied in the complex diagnostics of prolonged second stage of labor.
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Mykolenko, Tetyana. "SEMANTICS OF PRESSURE IN PONDEROUS ADJECTIVES." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 9(77) (January 30, 2020): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-9(77)-157-159.
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An attempt to apply the method of prototype-situational analysis to the development of adjective semantics is made in the article. It is noted that the referent points of prototype situation are the basis for the development of metaphorical values. Linguistic pressure markers in prototype and non-prototype situations have been identified. We believe that action is the centre of situation. Ponderous situations determine the characteristics of an object by weight in situations related to a particular action. A prototype situation – a cognitive model of situation that is associated with the basic value of a language unit. For the analysis of characteristic vocabulary, the prototype is considered to be the situation related to perceptual processes, i.e. a situation that is built around a specific subject of perception – a person, a specific action – a physical act of manipulation of object, a specific object, characteristic of which becomes fundamental for the purpose of cognitive process. The analysis of verbatives, around which the ponderous feature of the object of action may develop, gives reason to distinguish 2 types of prototype situations for the weight characteristic of object: 1) PULL; 2) HOLD/CARRY. The “pressure” component will manifest itself in the situation of the second type. The most explicit linguistic representative of the cognitive sign of “difficult / heavy” of the situation HOLD / CARRY (SHOULDER-HIGH) is the sentence “A man holds / carries a difficult object on his shoulders”. The logical reproduction of the situation HOLD / CARRY (SHOULDER-HIGH) reveals a cognitive reference point specific to that situation, which actualises the characterization of the heavy object as “pressing”. The linguistic markers of pressure in the analyzed situations are: verbalization of the component by means of lexeme token for the designation of pressure; emphasizing the physical and physiological processes that occur during the process of manipulating a heavy object; aspects of physical qualities of the subject; manifestation of the physical state of fatigue and the like. The metaphorical situation of pressure is embodied in language in two models: “something heavy is localized to a person and presses him down” and “something heavy presses a certain organ of a person, hindering his life.” There are clear markers in the language for objectifying the sense of pressure, which include, first of all, variants of recruitment for the designation of the action “to be localized on a person”, the prefix “on”, which affirms the localization of the object of appraisal from above the subject of description, definition of pressure objects, an indication of a change in the position of parts of a human body or body as a result of the action of a metaphorized “heavy” object. The feature “difficult / heavy” is accentuated by the comparison of the objects’ description with the subject prototypes.
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Sandage, Mary J., and Audrey G. Smith. "Muscle Bioenergetic Considerations for Intrinsic Laryngeal Skeletal Muscle Physiology." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 5 (May 24, 2017): 1254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_jslhr-s-16-0192.
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PurposeIntrinsic laryngeal skeletal muscle bioenergetics, the means by which muscles produce fuel for muscle metabolism, is an understudied aspect of laryngeal physiology with direct implications for voice habilitation and rehabilitation. The purpose of this review is to describe bioenergetic pathways identified in limb skeletal muscle and introduce bioenergetic physiology as a necessary parameter for theoretical models of laryngeal skeletal muscle function.MethodA comprehensive review of the human intrinsic laryngeal skeletal muscle physiology literature was conducted. Findings regarding intrinsic laryngeal muscle fiber complement and muscle metabolism in human models are summarized and exercise physiology methodology is applied to identify probable bioenergetic pathways used for voice function.ResultsIntrinsic laryngeal skeletal muscle fibers described in human models support the fast, high-intensity physiological requirements of these muscles for biological functions of airway protection. Inclusion of muscle bioenergetic constructs in theoretical modeling of voice training, detraining, fatigue, and voice loading have been limited.ConclusionsMuscle bioenergetics, a key component for muscle training, detraining, and fatigue models in exercise science, is a little-considered aspect of intrinsic laryngeal skeletal muscle physiology. Partnered with knowledge of occupation-specific voice requirements, application of bioenergetics may inform novel considerations for voice habilitation and rehabilitation.