Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fatigue (Matériaux)'
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Ndiaye, Mamadou. "Simulation de la fatigue par chocs, par la fatigue conventionnelle." Metz, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1994/Ndiaye.Mamadou.SMZ9423.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the simulation of impact fatigue with the help of conventionnal fatigue, on the following materials : 30 NCD 16 steel, Marval 18 h steel, Al/SiC composite. In a first step, we have examined the evolution of crack growth rate with respect to the maximum peak value of each loading. This study has shown that the influence of the strain rate of both kinds of fatigue loadings, is no significant. All the loading peaks for impact fatigue has been considered in a second step. It has been necessary to make use of counting methods in order to transform this loading in a constant amplitude loading cycles. The computation of the crack growth rate from these results, has been made using cumulative growth length and equivalent loading methods. The application of both concepts, reveals that small oscillations in the amplitude of the impact fatigue signal has no effect on the crack growth rate. On another hand, initiation tests has shown that the numbers of cycles to initiation corresponding respectively to the equivalent loading and the programmed loading, are quite similar. Last, the results of initiation tests has been analysed using a new criterion based on the notch stress intensity factor. A quite reasonnable scattering of results with respect to that observed with an analysis using the crack stress intensity factor, has been noticed. From this point of view, the validity of this criterion has been emphasised
Tamine, Tawfik. "Amorçage de fissures par fatigue-contact." Metz, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1994/Tamine.Tawfik.SMZ9418.pdf.
Full textThe present thesis is a contribution to the knowledge of the shelling process caused by a contact fatigue. This phenomenon appears under a surface submitted to a quasi punctual loading and initiates at an inclusion which is the most probable site for crack initiation. The direction of propagation is associated with the stress distribution resulting from a complex loading. To understand this phenomenon, we present : a bibliographical study to collect the different works related to stress concentration, crack initiation criteria and the stress distribution in the vicinity of a defect. An experimental study for the simulation of crack initiation under the three modes of loading. A finite element calculation from which we have derived new initiation criteria. We have shown that they best fit the experimental results by comparison with those given in the literature
Ashayer, Soltani Mohammad Ali. "Comportement en fatigue des enrobés bitumeux." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0040.
Full textThis work on the fatigue behaviour of the bitumen mixes was achieved at the Département Génie Civil et Bâtiment of the Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l’Etat (E. N. T. P. E), and lies within the scope of a collaboration with the companies ELF ANTAR FRANCE and CECA. After a bibliographical part we present the perfecting of a homogeneous test which we adapted for the study of the fatigue of the bituminous mix. The test is carried out at temperature controlled on cylindrical samples in alternate traction compression. The test can be carried out in deformation or stress control. We propose a procedure for the calculation of the rate of damage per cycle of loading. This calculation takes account of the non-linearity of the damage with the number of cycles and corrects the influence of the parasitic phenomena which appear during the fatigue tests on the bituminous mix. From the experimental results obtained we could check (for the first time to our knowledge) that the fatigue behaviour of the bitumen binders is independent of the mode of loading (strain or stress). Two different densities, three temperatures and four types of binder were used to check and validate the procedure of the calculation of the rate of damage suggested. The results obtained show a very weak dispersion, incomparable with that of the standard tests of fatigue on the bituminous mix. The method suggested presents good performances to classify various formulations with respect to their fatigue resistance. The duration of a test is limited to eight hours and the number of tests necessary to characterize a formulation of bituminous mix does not exceed ten. A discussion on certain aspects related to the fatigue of the bituminous mix (heating, cooling, thixotropy, reduction in the rate of damage with the number of cycles, non- homogeneity of the test, etc. ) is also proposed. Our analysis and our results blame the non-homogeneous tests and the traditional criterion of fatigue life (division by two of the initial module) to characterize the fatigue of the bituminous mix. Consequently, we think that the standards in use concerning the fatigue of the bituminous mix require to be re-examined
Kirsch, Franck. "Fatigue-fluage du bois." Metz, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1998/Kirsch.Franck.SMZ9835.pdf.
Full textKharrat, Souhaib. "Comportement en fatigue thermique des matériaux composites réfractaires." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10525.
Full textFAYARD, JEAN-LUC. "Dimensionnement a la fatigue polycyclique de structures soudees." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EPXXA040.
Full textThieulot-Laure, Emmanuelle. "Méthode probabiliste unifiée pour la prédiction du risque de rupture en fatigue." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01199575v1.
Full textOne of the main sources of randomness in fatigue is the presence of defects in the material. So as to establish specifications about the material cleanliness, i. E. The distribution of inclusion sizes, the relation between the defect size and the risk of failure should be established. The pioneering results of Kitagawa and Takahashi have established that two domains can be distinguished: when defects are small, the endurance limit does not vary with the defect size. Endurance models are therefore expressed within the framework of continuum mechanics. On the contrary, the size of large defects should be accounted for, which is usually done within the framwork of linear elastic fracture mechanics. When the distributions of defects are wide, an accurate prediction of the failure probability requires a unified fatigue criterion in terms of defects sizes. Therefore, a non‐propagation criterion was developed. It is based on a critical elastic distortional energy around the crack tip and includes higher order terms (Tstress) of LEFM asymptotic fields, so as to be applicable to smaller defects. This criterion responds like the Dang Van criterion for small defects and like a non‐propagation threshold stress intensity factor for large defects. The probably of failure is then determined using the weakest link theory from the statistic distribution of defects sizes. However, when defects are small, their non‐propagation threshold becomes sensitive to the local environment of the defect. Therefore, the last part of this thesis concerns the fluctuation of stresses within the microstructure and its effects on the non‐propagation threshold of defects. This “microstructural” fluctuation induces a dispersion of the non‐propagation threshold, when defects have a dimension below ten grains and then vanishes progressively with the inverse of the squareroot of the defect size, when this defect size increases
Bourdeau, Laurent. "Influence de l'implantation ionique d'azote sur les propriétés microstructurales et les mécanismes de fatigue et fatigue-corrosion du 316L." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10159.
Full textCaty, Olivier. "Fatigue des empilements de sphères creuses métalliques." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0084/these.pdf.
Full textMetal hollow spheres can be piled up and soldered together to form a cellular material. The initial hollow spheres exhibiting a mono-disperse size and thickness, the resulting material is rather homogeneous. This kind of material allows a remarkable flexibility in terms of microstructural design. The thickness and diameter of the spheres, the nature of the metal used (nickel, steel. . . ) can be varied. This allows to tailor the microstructure in order to reach the target properties imposed by the design on the material. Before being able to tailor these properties and invent the material meeting a specific design (material by design), it is necessary to know the relation between the varying parameters and the resulting properties. This study aims at determining and modelling the effects of the microstructure of hollow spheres metals on their fatigue properties. Fatigue properties of a rather large range of metal hollow sphere structures were determined by mean of conventional fatigue tests. All the data were collected to build S-N curves. The constitutive material, the density, the thicknesses of the walls, the diameters and the fatigue loading mode were varied to determine the effect of each parameter. Tomographies of samples tested ex-situ reveal the different kinds of fatigue damage mechanisms and their influence on the macroscopic behavior. The three-dimensional X-ray tomographic images could also be used for meshing and to calculate the behaviour of the structure. This step has been done with a shell finite element model obtained from tomographic images. The model is enriched by a direct thickness measurement on the tomographic images. The values measured are affected to the shell elements. The model permits to determine the stress and strain field inside the microstructure. The fatigue behaviour has been modelled by post processing the proportion of yield elements and the size of yield areas. These models permit to determine the fatigue limit of numerically built hollow sphere structures and investigate parameters never experimentally studied
Revest, Nicolas. "Comportement en fatigue de pièces épaisses en matériaux composites." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00677076.
Full textTouhara, Radouen. "Étude de la résistance en fatigue des matériaux bitumineux." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1091/1/TOUHARA_Radouen.pdf.
Full textAbecassis, Manon. "Fissuration de matériaux soudés en condition de fatigue multiaxiale." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM021/document.
Full textThis study is devoted to i) the experimental characterization of fatigue crack path and fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) for welded materials under mixed mode of loading ii) the analysis of fatigue crack to microstructure interactions for two types of welded materials and iii) the identification of a relevant FCGR criterion function of the mode mixity.The experimental characterization was achieved for a ferritic stainless steel, welded by metal inert gas, using CCT specimens for different orientations of the notch. Biaxial testing was achieved using central crack cross-shaped specimen, varying the shear to opening loading ratio, for a dissimilar welded joint obtained by laser welding of Ti17 and Ti6242 Ti base alloys.For the ferritic stainless steel, the crack is both trans- and intergranular for the base metal, whereas it becomes mainly transgranular for the welded specimen. Nevertheless, very slight modification of the FCGR, comparing base metal and welded material, is observed. The welding was seen to be detrimental only in the case of macroscopic shear loading implied by the geometry of the notch. For Ti17, crack path is very smooth and FCGR evolves regularly as a function of the stress intensity factor (SIF). Instead of what, for Ti6242 alloy, both the crack path and the FCGR present large amplitudes of oscillation, due to a strong interaction with alpha needles. The FCGR is lower in Ti6242 than in Ti17 for equibiaxial fatigue, whereas the FCGR is higher in Ti6242 than in Ti17 for macroscopic shear fatigue loading. For welded Ti17-Ti6242 specimens, FCGR is higher than observed in base metal for crack within the fusion zone (FZ), and tends to the FCGR of the associated base metal to each heat-affected zone (HAZ-Ti17 and HAZ-Ti6242).The case of Ti17 was seen to be relevant to determine an equivalent SIF function of mode mixity within the scope of LEFM. An original criterion has been established taking into consideration mode I, II and III. The numerical model describes explicitly both surface crack path and flat to slant orientation of the crack. This criterion has been successfully applied to both Ti and Fe base alloys, for base metal as well as for welded materials in order to determine the impact of welding on FCGR. At last but not least, the sensitivity of SIF values to the accuracy of the 3D modelling of the crack surface has been tested. Thus the local roughness of the crack path is seen to drastically impact the out-of-plane shear mode, which is in turn fully consistent with acceleration/deceleration of the crack observed for Ti6242 alloy
Nguyen, Mai Lan. "Étude de la fissuration et de la fatigue des enrobés bitumineux." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0048/these.pdf.
Full textDuring this thesis, different domains of thermomechanical behavior of bituminous mixtures has been studied, including the small-strain behavior - linear viscoelastic (LVE), the fatigue behavior and the fracture behavior. In the LVE domain, the complex modulus of one asphalt mixture was measured in a wide range of temperatures and frequencies. The time - temperature superposition principle (TTSP) in LVE domain was verified for the considered materials. The analogical model 2S2P1D is used to simulate the LVE behavior of bituminous mixtures. The fatigue behavior of half-warm asphalt mixtures was then studied. The results show that fatigue characteristics of this new generation of asphalt mixtures are comparable with the hot mix asphalt tested as reference. Finally, two experimental campaigns were realized to investigate the fracture behavior of asphalt mixtures. The four points bending test on pre-notched specimen was used. A first interesting result is the establishment of a method for determining of the crack length valid for both the isotropic linear elastic behavior and the isotropic linear viscoelastic behavior by a back analysis. During the first experimental campaign, fracture characteristics of two different asphalt mixtures (with pur bitumen and with polymer modified bitumen) were determined and could be compared. During the second experimental campaign, the TTSP in a field of small-strain until cracking was observed. The study was completed by a fatigue facture test. A numerical analysis of the four points bending test in the framework of linear fracture mechanics using the finite element code "COMSOL" completes developments
Delagnes, Denis. "Comportement et tenue en fatigue isotherme d'aciers à outils z 38 cdv 5 autour de la transition fatigue oligocyclique-endurance." ENSMP, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENMP0803.
Full textLouah, Mustapha. "Fissuration en fatigue en mode mixte 1+2 à l'aide du disque brésilien." Metz, 1986. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1986/Louah.Mustapha.SMZ8609.pdf.
Full textBaaj, Hassan. "Comportement à la fatigue des matériaux granulaires traités aux liens hydrocarbones." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0034/these.pdf.
Full textThis thesis on the fatigue behaviour of bituminous mixes was achieved at the Département Génie Civil et Bâtiment (DGCB) of the École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État. It lies within the framework of a collaboration with the company TOTALFINAELF. A part of this study was achieved within the scope of the program RILEM WG3 of the Technical Comity 182 for the study of fatigue of bituminous mixes. Some aspects of this study were the object of collaboration with the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC). The first part of this thesis concerns a bibliographical study on the bituminous materials, the fatigue and the healing phenomenon in the bituminous mixes. The second part presents the experimental campaign of this thesis. We present the preparation and the validation of a homogenous traction – compression test, adapted for the study of the fatigue of the bituminous mixes. The tests are carried out at constant temperature and frequency (10°C – 10Hz), in control strain or control stress mode. Sixteen different formulations have been tested. A study performed on the different criteria aiming to predict the fatigue life of the bituminous mixes is presented. The DGCB approach, for the determination of the damage rates, was applied on the results of the experimental campaign. Using this approach, the influence of different parameters of mixes formulation on the fatigue behaviour was clarified. An other part of the experimental campaign was reserved to explore the healing phenomenon of the bituminous mixes. A series of tests was carried out on three different types of mixes with introducing rest periods. Finally, in the last part of this work, a fatigue damage law is proposed. This law is intrinsic and based on the DGCB method. It takes in consideration the correction of the artefact effects on the values of the complex modulus and also the non-linear evolution of the damage during the fatigue test
Imad, Abdellatif. "Mécanismes du retard induit par l'application d'une surcharge au cours de la propagation d'une fissure de fatigue." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10172.
Full textNgargueudedjim, Kimtangar. "Contribution à l'étude des lois d'endommagement en fatigue." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0025/these.pdf.
Full textThe topics of the work presented in this thesis deal with the fatigue damage of materials. It concerns the fatigue damage cumulating rules. These are issued from the relevant literature and are classified according to their physical basis. Hypotheses and applicability of all the damage rules are studied relatively to the fatigue loading. The peculiarity and the validation of damage rules are investigated by the use of the comparison between predicated fatigue lives and experimental ones. The sensitivity of the fatigue life predictions to material parameters is also assessed. Some modifications of the Lemaitre and chaboche damage rule are proposed. It states the material fatigue limit as one function of the cumulated damage amount. Predicted fatigue lives obtained with this proposition are closer to the experimental lives. Considering the effect of the actual damage amount upon the material fatigue properties leads in fact to more accurate assessment of the material fatigue behaviour
Billaudeau, Thomas. "Fatigue multiaxiale des matériaux à défauts : mécanismes et critère d'endurance." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2326.
Full textThis project aims to formulate a multiaxial fatigue criterion for metallic materials containing defects. An experimental study highlighted the influence of their geometry on the fatigue limit, under tension and under torsion. The observation of the mechanisms revealed the fatigue Stage I part of the cracks at defects, implying the necessary consideration of the creation of cracks in the material slip system. The criterion is defined by the local stress state, by mean of both deviatoric and hydrostatic part of the tensor, together with the gradient of the hydrostatic part. This gradient explains the influence of the defects on the fatigue limit. The criterion has been validated for defects of different morphologies (size and shape) under different loadings (tension, torsion and tension/torsion) and for different materials
Sánchez-Santana, Ulises. "Comportement dynamique des matériaux et structures après sollicitation en fatigue." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Sanchez.pdf.
Full textOstoja-Kuczynski, Élisabeth. "Comportement en fatigue des élastomères : application aux structures antivibratoires pour l'automobile." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2153.
Full textThe delivery time for a new car project was previously five years and is now two years. In this context, the numerical simulation should replace experiments in order to sufficiently reduce the design time of new components. Nowadays, simulation of static and dynamic responses of new AVS components is widely used during the design loop, but duration life estimation remains a critical objective for rubber manufactures. In this context, a fatigue life criterion is a necessary pre-requisite to numerically establish the relevance of technical solutions before their experimental validation. In this work, several aspects of fatigue of rubbers are studied : 1 – very long and very short duration life, 2 – reinforcement phenomenon under non-relaxing conditions, 3 – temperature influence and 4 – multiaxiality effects. For each case, propagation law and initiation law are investigated in order to demonstrate that propagation and initiation were drive by similar physical mechanisms
Hiebel, Denis. "Fissuration de fatigue en mode mixte sur disque brésilien et influence du lubrifiant." Metz, 1987. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1987/Hiebel.Denis.SMZ8722.pdf.
Full textMixed mode fatigue crack propagation experiments were conducted via the "brazilian disc" test as a simulation of the phenomenon of pitting. (Pitting was observed to result from the initiation of a crack and its further propagation, followed by the fracture of the remaining material between the crack-tip and the surface). An equivalent stress intensity factor is proposed to traduce crack propagation rate, which takes into account the delay we observed in certain cases. Equivalent straight crack approximation and "branched" crack concept are needed for our calculations. A simulation of the crack path is also proposed by using the maximal tangentiel stress (M. T. S. ) criteria lubrification was shown to have a complex influence on crack growth rate. Experiments in a lubrication cell pointed out a chemical effect of the lubricant and a decrease of the friction between the crack-tip and the surface, due to the lubricant
Saadaoui, Malika. "Etude de la résistance a la propagation de fissures dans des céramiques monolithiques de type alumine et zircone." Lyon, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAL0015.
Full textCrack growth resistance was studied for two monolithic ceramics: alumina and magnesia partially stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ). Crack resistance curves (R curves) was determined at several test conditions: environment, starting crack, deflection rate, temperature (low and high temperature). The results show a correlation between the effect of experimental conditions, microstructure and toughening mechanisms (phase transformation, micro cracking and grain bridging). The effect of sub-critical crack growth on the R curve was also pointed out
Nasr, Anouar. "Fiabilité en fatigue polycyclique des matériaux à défaut sous chargement multiaxial." Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aéronautique, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ESMA0020.
Full textIn many casting mechanical components, the fatigue microcracks initiate from surface defects. The process conditions and technology are being improved but they still cannot avoid these defects inherent to casting. Such defects were reported in different materials: cast irons, various steels and aluminium alloys. Different kinds of defects have been studied, namely, shrinkages, pores, inclusions and surface oxides. They have different shapes (spherical for the case of a pore and a complex 3D shape for shrinkage) and sizes (from several micromillimetres to millimetres ). It is well established that crack initiation occurs around the defect when components are submitted to multiaxial high cycle loading. For a given size, surface defects are much more harmful than those located in the bulk. The most influencing paérameters are the size and the distribution density of those defects
Sudreau, Francois. "Méthodes d'analyse et de simulation de la fatigue thermique de céramiques thermomécaniques." Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0058.
Full textUsually thermal fatigue tests are very long, especially in the case of ceramics, because of the duration of a single thermal cycle and the scattering of the results. The aim of this work is to find new anal sis al lowing a better understanding and better accuracy of the lifetime previsions. First, a statistical anal sis has been developed. With this analysis the result scattering is not a problem but is rather used to find the slow crack growth parameters of the ceramics. In another instance, the slow crack growth has been simulated in the case of a sample submitted to thermal cycles. This simulation has been done by integrating the slow crack growth data foundeby double torsion tests. The slow crack growth stages determined by double torsion tests were carefully taken into account for the simulations
Janosch, Jean-Jacques. "Etude de la tenue à la fatigue des assemblages soudés en angle (en acier E 36-4) en fonction de la dimension de la pénétration des soudures dans le cas d'une sollicitation combinée de traction et flexion." Metz, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1991/Janosch.Jean_Jacques.SMZ9115.pdf.
Full textD'Ambrosio, Flavio. "Comportement dynamique des structures en présence de frottement sec : application aux ensembles aubés." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0074/these.pdf.
Full textOne of the most common failure modes for turbomachinery wheels is high-cycle fatigue of blades. To avoid high amplitudes and extend the working life of machines, different devices (shrouds, dampers under plat-form) are used. An experimental numerical approach allows to validate the procedures used to represent the non linear behaviour of these structures. At the same time, a new method approach to identify the most adapted contact model is introduced directly from an analysis of the experimental dynamic behaviour. The real causes of the flattening of the frequency response functions peaks are considered analysing the real dissipated energy by dry friction and the change of the contact state during a stick/slip phase. At the end, a numerical approach is conducted to obtain principal indications about damped vibrations and the sensitivity on the mistuning for a cyclic symmetrical structure
Le, Gorju Jago Karine. "Influence de la cristallisation sous contrainte sur l'endurance et la propagation des fissures de fatigue dans les élastomères." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECAP0699.
Full textLe, Roux Jean-Christophe. "Étude du comportement et de l'endommagement en fatigue d'un acier inoxydable austéno-ferritique moulé vieilli." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECAP0653.
Full textMarines, Garcia Israël. "Exploration de la fatigue des métaux au-delà du milliard de cycles." Paris, CNAM, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CNAM0480.
Full textMechanical components, particularly those used in the automotive industry, reach 108 – 1010 cycles during all their lifetime under cyclic loads (gigacycle fatigue), whereas the present designs are based on the results obtained experimentally up to 107 cycles, (megacycle fatigue), which are obtained with the conventional experimental techniques (hydraulic and/or electromagnetic fatigue machines). This implies the use of factors of safety relatively important to take into account the uncertainty from this extrapolation. The present study has allowed the set up of a resonance fatigue technique on traction - compression at 20 and 30 kHz, in order to reach experimentally 108 - 1010 cycles in less than one week and 1011 cycles in around 40 days, respectively. The reliability of the experimental equipment was carried out, in a beginning thanks to the calculation of components key on resonance like; the amplifier of displacement (sonotrode) and specimens. In a second stage the reliability was attained through the test equipment calibration. Accurate automatic control of stress and number of cycles during test. Verification of the absence of other ways of vibration which can generate wrong loads (flexion, torsion, etc. . . . ). In addition a control of temperature during fatigue test was carried out using an equipment of infrared in the zone of maximal stress, where an air jet is applied to limit the temperature a maximum of between 15 and 25°C. Finally, a verification of the mechanical properties (hardness) and microstructure was carried out in the zone of rupture, with the purpose of comparing to original state. The experimental method has been validated verifying the coherence of results obtained with this new method, and classic methods in the common zone within the curves S-N (~107 cycles). This study has also generated information on the gigacycle fatigue of the main alternative materials used in the manufacture of mechanical parts (steel, cast-iron, aluminium), allowing to establish a data base for a better design of these as well as general a scientific point of view on the gigacycle fatigue. The results obtained in gigacycle fatigue show that, in most of the cases it does not exist a fatigue limits at 107 cycles, like, it is postulated in the international standards, which will should reviewed based on these new results. An interpretation of the results in terms of the sensitivity of the material to the defects (inclusions, porosities) and to the heterogeneity and/or size of the microstructure (martensite, bainite, perlite, ferrite, austenite), has been proposed, to help the understanding of related results. In the case of the aluminium alloy, a discussion of the international norm [ASTM 2003/E468-90(1998)] is proposed in order to design components using this alloy based on the mechanisms of crack initiation: (surface and internal). On the other hand, an analysis of the diagram of Kitagawa has been implemented to define the critical size of the defect in the crack initiation on very high cycle fatigue. The model developed by Paul C. Paris concerning the prediction of crack growth life portion from crack initiation until specimen fail “fish-eye” was also used in this study; also the model of Murakami consisting to the prediction the fatigue strength was employed on very high cycle fatigue. On the other hand, an application of the index of Ashby appears to classify the materials in terms of their performance. Finally, a new vibratory fatigue prototype in torsion at 20 kHz has been design, obtaining the first results of fatigue in torsion between 106 and 1010 cycles on a bi-phase steel (50% ferrite - 50% perlite)
Bataille, Alain. "Modélisation numérique de l'endommagement physique en fatigue cas de l'acier 316L et d'un acier ferrito-perlitique." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10162.
Full textLarge-Toumi, Béatrice. "Etude du comportement en fatigue de composites carbone/expoxy : Rôle de l'interface." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECDL0016.
Full textBoukharouba, Taoufik. "Etude du comportement en fatigue des fissures semi-elliptiques : application aux plaques en flexion et aux tubes sous pression interne." Metz, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1995/Boukharouba.Taoufik.SMZ9516.pdf.
Full textThe propagation of a fatigue crack emanating from an initial surface defect in a three dimensionnal mechanically loaded structure is characterized by the fact that the defect takes an elliptical shape which evolutes with the time. The safety of constructions and, particulary of pressure vessels, implies to know the the evolution of this defect with the cyclic loading. The safety concepts, such as "leak before break", use the depth and shape of the elliptical defect and need the knowledge of the propagation law. This evolution is often complex and is considered as governed by various approaches all based on the assumption that the propagation of a crack is sensitive to stress gradient and, then, governed by the stress intensity factor. Three approaches will be considered, local, global and semi-local. Results from crack propagation experiments and finite elements calculations have been analysed in terms of stress intensity factor evolution along the semi-elliptical crack front. These analysis were made on plates and tubes, for various a/c and a/B ratios. Our results have been used to determine the crack propagatio parameters mi and Ci of the Paris' law. These coefficients are related to the solution for a semi-elliptical crack at the deepest point and on surface and for two loading ratios (R=0. 1 and R=0. 3 for a plate, R=0. 3 for a tube). These results have shown that is some discrepancy for both the value and the evolution of the stress intensity factor, with respect to those obtained with the method given by Newmann and Raju or Cruse and Besuner. This discrepancy is due to the density and the kind of meshing used. Our results are a contribution to the no-solved problem of the propagation of semi-elliptical fatigue crack
Bertussi, Bertrand. "Etude des mécanismes initiateurs de l'endommagement laser dans les composants optiques : vers une amélioration de la tenue au flux." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30015.
Full textThis thesis deals with laser-induced damage mechanisms in optical material (fused silica and KDP) for nanosecond pulses. Firstly, we validate experimentally the hypothesis of nano-sized damage precursor centers. Then we develop a high resolution photothermal microscope in order to detect the absorbing defects. The coupling of this setup with laser damage facility permits to study precisely the behavior of model defects (gold inclusions) under laser irradiation. Experimental data are compared with numerical simulations of laser-matter interaction in order to understand the initiation process. A systematic study of the fatigue effect induced by repeated laser irradiations permits to define conditionning procedures in order to increase the Laser-Induced Damage Threshold of the optical components
Lehericy, Yoann. "Endommagement et cumul de dommage en fatigue dans le domaine de l'endurance limitée d'un acier inoxydable austénitique 304L." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2268.
Full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate the consequences of a Low Cycle Fatigue pre-damage on the subsequent fatigue limit of a 304L stainless steel. The effects of hardening and severe roughness (grinding) have also been investigated. In a first set of tests, the evolution of the surface damage induced by the different LCF pre-cycling was characterized. This has permitted to identify mechanisms and kinetics of damage in the plastic domain for different surface conditions. Then, pre-damaged samples were tested in the High Cycle Fatigue domain in order to establish the fatigue limits associated with each level of pre-damage. Results evidence that, in the case of polished samples, an important number of cycles is required to initiate surface cracks ant then to affect the fatigue limit of the material but, in the case of ground samples, a few number of cycles is sufficient to initiate cracks and to critically decrease the fatigue limit. The fatigue limit of pre-damaged samples can be estimated using the stress intensity factor threshold. Moreover, this detrimental effect of severe surface conditions is enhanced when fatigue tests are performed under a positive mean stress
Lévesque, Frédéric. "Analyse de la fatigue par petits débattements (fretting fatigue) de fils d'un conducteur électrique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26314/26314.pdf.
Full textBoukhili, Rachid. "Fissuration par fatigue des polyamides : mécanismes." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPD005.
Full textCouchaux, Maël. "Comportement des assemblages par brides circulaires boulonnées." Rennes, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAR0030.
Full textThis thesis deals with the elastic and elasto-plastic behaviour of bolted circular flange joints used in steel structures. The aim of the work is to provide practical design methods for determining the static resistance of such flange joints as well as the stress concentration factors for the parts which are fatigue sensitive which are the tube wall at the weld toe and the bolts. In order to be able to cover the range of joint sizes that one finds in construction, three joint configurations were studied: L stubs under an axial load in the stem, flange joints with an axial applied to the connected tube and flange joints submitted to bending moments. The experimental, numerical and theoretical studies carried out on the three joint configurations are the subjects of chapters II, III and IV of the thesis. In chapter I the phenomena of surface contact between the adjacent flanges is clarified by a specially developed beam model whose validity is supported by the results from a finite element model including contact elements. To begin with a programme of tests was carried out for each of the joint configurations so as to obtain knowledge of their elastic and elasto-plastic behaviours and the results obtained are presented and discussed. Particular attention was paid to the study of the influence of bolt preloading and of out-of-plane imperfections of the flange surfaces on the elastic behaviour, in particular in relation to the tube wall stresses ranges at the weld toe and to the loading in the bolts which is essential information required for determining the fatigue life of those components. Since each specimen was loaded to failure, an experimental evaluation of the joint’s static resistance finally obtained. Using the ANSYS code, finite element models with brick elements and contact elements were developed for each of the joints configurations. The results from the finite element analyses were compared favourably with the test results both from the present testing but also from available published work. Thus validated, the finite element models were used to carry out parametric studies with the purpose of not only supplementing the experimental results but also to bring more light on certain aspects of the joint behaviour which could not be examined in sufficient detail during the test programme, such as the evolution of the contact zone with loading. Theoretical models were developed to describe the joint configuration behaviour in the elastic range, both for providing the stress concentration factors for the fatigue sensitive components and for estimating the joint stiffness. In order to determine the static resistances of flange joints, under axial load or under moment, theoretical limit state models are derived. The predictions of the joint behaviour and resistance models provide satisfactory results when compared to results both experimental and by finite element analyses. In all of the latter models the influence of contact is taken into account. Finally, based on the latter theoretical models, practical methods for determining design values of resistances of flange joints, under axial load, moment or a combination of moment and axial load, are proposed
Raoult, Ida. "Structures élastomères sous chargement cyclique : Comportement – Fatigue – Durée de vie." École polytechnique, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EPXX0090.
Full textThe automotive industry must ensure the service life of numerous rubber components used for anti vibratory purposes. This work aims at proposing a method to predict the fatigue life of a carbon-black reinforced natural rubber structure. The approach proposed here consists in uncoupling the evolution of the mechanics behaviour and damage under cyclic loading. We make the assumption that the behaviour tends to stabilize and that the lifetime, defined as the initiation of a crack, depends only on the mechanical variables in the stabilized state. Upon cyclic loading, elastomers experience a stress-softening phenomenon known as the Mullins’ effect. This phenomenon occurs mostly during the first few cycles, after which the response of the material remains unchanged by additional reloading. We propose a model to represent this stabilized state, supposed to depend only on some cyclic variables. The parameters are the maximum stretches reached in a finite number of material directions, in order to describe the anisotropy induced by the Mullins’ effect. This model is used to analyse a large number of uniaxial and multixial fatigue tests realised with cylindrical dumbbell specimens. We show its ability to take into account the type of control (force or displacement) and the influence of an initial overload. The analysis of the multiaxial data indicates that the maximum principal stress is well correlated with lifetime for all types of solicitations, excepting those which involve multi-plane cumulative damage. A cumulative damage law is proposed to account for these types of loading
Wu, Tieying. "Modélisation de la fissuration en fatigue vibratoire à haute température : applications aux alliages à base de nickel." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECAP0264.
Full textZehri, Mongi. "Endommagement par fatigue des structures marines." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601938s.
Full textHunault, Patrick. "Contribution à l'évaluation de l'endommagement par fatigue de composites unidirectionnels carbone-époxy." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT022G.
Full textDarcis, Philippe. "Analyse fiabiliste de la fatigue des joints soudés soumis à l'effet de surcharge." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21393.
Full textReymann, Jean-Jacques. "Mise au point d'un essai de fatigue en flexion des matériaux composites." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ECDL0017.
Full textNadot, Yves. "Influence des défauts de fonderie sur la résistance à la fatigue d'une fonte GS." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2337.
Full textBucher, Laurent. "Étude de l'endommagement en fatigue thermique des aciers inoxydables F17TNb et R20-12 pour application automobile." Ecole nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENMP1825.
Full textJacq, Christophe. "Limite d'endurance et durée de vie en fatigue de roulement du 32CrMoV13 nitruré en présence d'indentations." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2001ISAL0085/these.pdf.
Full textThe purpose of this work was to study the damage mechanisms of nitrided 32CrMoV13 steel when submitted to rolling fatigue in the presence of indentations. A semi analytical elastoplastic contact code that can take into account vertical and rolling loading is first presented. This code, that is necessary to simulate the running in of dents, was validated by comparing its results both with the simulations carried out with the finite elements software ABAQUS and with experimental results. Second, a local micro-yield stress measurement procedure based on the nano-indentation test was developed. This method, which considers the presence of residual stresses, was applied to the measurement of the micro-yield stress profile of the nitrided 32CrMoV13 steel. The influence of the geometry of nitrided parts on residual stresses due to nitriding was also shown. Third, the experimental behaviour of nitrided 32CrMoV13 steel submitted to rolling contact fatigue in the presence of indentations was studied. The dominating role of sliding has been highlighted and two areas where damage initiates were identified. Lastly, the indentation process and the rolling of a body over a dent have been analysed. Indents that exceed the limit of endurance and are likely to damage were identified and classified according to their relative severity. The behaviour of nitrited 32CrMoV13 steel and M50 submitted to rolling contact fatigue in the presence of indentations was finally compared
Belouchrani, Mohamed El Amine. "Contribution à l'analyse d'adaptation des structures inélastiques fissurées." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10194.
Full textFournier, Patrice. "Comportement sous sollicitation cyclique des composites unidirectionnels verre/epoxy : Cas des résines à tenacité améliorée." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECDL0054.
Full textCoulon, Sandrine. "Prédiction de la durée de vie des contacts ponctuels lubrifiés en présence d'indentations." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAL0038.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to predict the rolling contact fatigue (RCF) life reduction and analyze the failure process for lubricated indented point contacts. A first part studies the influence of a dent on the pressure and stress field from a numerical and analytical point of view. An analytical relation of the pressure peak versus two geometric dent parameters is obtained: slope, ratio between the dent depth over the dent diameter, and shoulder radius of curvature. The stress analysis leads to a damage criterion. Based on a local approach, the endurance limit criterion is representative of the contact severity. Complemented with a stressed volume analysis, a damaged risk is defined. Finally, a damage risk abacus as a function of the two parameters mentioned previously is presented. The results predicted with these two criteria are compared to RCF tests performed on a two disk-machine. A second part is dedicated to the damage process and its analysis. Two kinds of defects are studied, artificial ones made with a Rockwell penetrator, and natural ones obtained from solid particles passing through the contact. Whatever the considered dent, the plastic deformation due to the over rolling occurs in the very first cycles, quickly leading to a stabilized geometry. Depending on the test conditions (load, speed, slide to roll ratio), geometric and hydrodynamic damage effects are identified. The analysis of the direction of the crack propagation is studied using cross-sections. This work represents a step forward in the prediction and understanding of the influence of solid particle contamination on fatigue life