Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fatigue assistée par l'environnement'
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Larippe, Laure. "Étude du comportement en fatigue des câbles d'acier sous environnement et chargement variables." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPAST121.
Full textHeavy duty tyres are reinforced with steel cords to take up the stresses generated by the inflation pressure and the weight of the vehicle. The cable is an assembly of drawn wires helically wound in several layers. The mechanical behaviour of a cable is a function of its architecture as well as the material-processing possibilities available at the wire scale. In service, the cable is subjected to a complex combination of cyclic mechanical and chemical stresses leading to fatigue damage. To reduce the environmental impact, these cables are targeted by a lightweighting strategy, viable only at similar or better performance. A prerequisite for the introduction of new materials in a tyre is therefore the development of reliable models predicting the fatigue life of the cords, which implies an understanding of the fatigue mechanisms. For simplicity, the study was carried out at the unit wire scale (180 µm diameter).Different types of wires were produced by the manufacturer, varying the parameters that have an influence on fatigue. A tensile-tensile fatigue test under a controlled environment representative of the stress in service was developed. The material-process-environment parameters involved in crack initiation and propagation are identified by constructing Wöhler curves. In-situ crack propagation monitoring tests within the wire were performed in a controlled environment under synchrotron radiation for positive load ratios. The Paris laws and the parameters impacting them were obtained.All the experiments made it possible to identify the physical mechanisms involved and the corresponding parameters. A predictive model was developed at the wire scale. Based on the propagation of a distribution of surface defects, it estimates the life of the wire for a given mechanical and chemical stress
Puspita, Gina. "Conception assistée par ordinateur de poutres composites : application aux pales d'hélicoptères." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ESAE0018.
Full textMoriconi, Clara. "Modélisation de la propagation de fissure de fatigue assistée par l'hydrogène gazeux dans les matériaux métalliques." Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00784983.
Full textTemmerman, Michel. "Analyse et synthèse du tolérancement "au pire des cas" et statistique dans l'environnement CFAO." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECAP0719.
Full textTrousse, Brigitte. "Coopération entre systèmes à base de connaissances et outils de CAO : l'environnement multi-agent ANAXAGORE." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE4328.
Full textBulidon, Nicolas. "Etude de la fissuration assistée par l'environnement des aciers peu alliés en situation de stockage géologique des déchets radioactifs." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI046/document.
Full textThe aim of the work is to assess the susceptibility to environmental assisted cracking (EAC) of steels used for the deep geological storage of radioactive waste. The storage concept is based on the encapsulation of the waste in a carbon steel containers then placed in micro-tunnels drilled 500 meter deep in Clay. These micro-tunnels are built with a micro-alloyed casing steel. Recently, the storage concept has evolved with the injection of a cementitious bentonite grout between the clay and the casing to balance the potential acidity resulting from the excavation of the micro-tunnels and the gradual saturation of rock with water. Effect of this grout on the risk of corrosion and EAC is also evaluated in the PhD work. In the mild disposal environment considered (pH close to neutrality, low carbonate content), formation of a corrosion product scale composed of siderite and magnetite has been identified. This scale leads to a pseudo-passive state of both steel grades with thus a possible risk of EAC. The risk of EAC was thus first studied and a material selection for the disposal concept was thus first made accordingly. The protective nature of the siderite/magnetite corrosion scale was then studied and reproduced in laboratory using electrochemical techniques. This work allowed for the evaluation of the resistance of each selected steel with respect to general corrosion and EAC. The results did not underlined significant cracking susceptibility of the considered steel grades. Under deposit corrosion seems to be the main form of attack in aerated waste disposal environments but the influence of the presence of low oxygen levels has to be further explored
Lesterlin, Sandrine. "Influence de l'environnement et de la température sur la fissuration par fatigue des alliages de titane." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2267.
Full textSaia, Marc-André. "Visualisation d'une carte écologique complexe : contribution de la cartographie assistée par ordinateur ; traitement et communication graphique des données d'un projet d'aménagement routier." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17612.
Full textBurlot, Anne-Sophie. "Valorisation des métabolites d'algues proliférantes par voie enzymatique : applications dans les domaines de la nutrition et santé animale, végétale et humaine, de la cosmétique et de l'environnement." Thesis, Lorient, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORIS428/document.
Full textThese last decades, Solieria chordalis (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales), a red and proliferative macroalga appears every year in south of Brittany on the peninsula of Rhuys. It is a question of removing more than 2 000 tons of red seaweeds, mainly composed of S. chordalis. These proliferations represent a true ecological problem and an economic constraint for the affected communities. This project aims to study S. chordalis in order to find a way to add more value to this seaweed by proposing a rational and sustainable management as well as potential applications. From October 2013 to October 2015, S. chordalis was collected monthly. Results have shown seasonal variations of the biomass on the shores, in the macro- and microscopic morphologies, in the dry matter rate and in the biochemical composition. In relation with the seasonal environmental factors, it is now possible to estimate the quantity and the biochemical composition of the seaweed and to propose potential applications. With characteristics of high catalytic efficiency, specificity, the environmental-friendly process of Enzyme-Assisted Extraction was chosen to produce water- soluble extracts with antiviral, antibacterial and immunostimulant activities. The commercial protease Alcalase improved the extraction yield with a significant gain of 30 % of the water-soluble and free compounds compared to an extraction without the action of enzymes. Almost 60 % of the dry matter of algae was liquefied and water-solubilized after the optimization of extraction parameters. Water-soluble extracts produced after the action of enzymes have shown anti- herpetic activities (EC50 from 86.0 to 145.9 µg/mL) and no cytotoxicity was detected. The immunostimulant activity was evaluated by using the pathogenicity model Caenorhabditis elegans Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The life span of infected nematods by pathogen bacteria increased after the application of water-soluble extracts from S. chordalis. Some immune genes of C. elegans were stimulated (zk6.7, spp-1, f28d1.3 and f38a1.5). Produced extracts present antiviral and immunostimulant activities that allow to anticipate applications for diverse domains
Awade, Evalo. "Rôle des facteurs microstructuraux sur l'endommagement par fatigue de l'alliage de titane bêtacez : effet de la température et de l'environnement." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2348.
Full textMarco, Yann. "Fatigue de matériaux hétérogènes et à gradients induits par le procédé ou l'environnement : Caractérisation rapide et dimensionnement des élastomères et thermoplastiques chargés." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00852582.
Full textHuneau, Bertrand. "Influence de l'air ou de milieux salins avec polarisation cathodique sur les processus d'endommagement par fatigue d'un acier à haute limite d'élasticité." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2316.
Full textThis study is devoted to the analysis of fatigue resistance and damage in several environments, the air and two saline solutions with cathodic polarisation (a 3,5% NaCl solution and natural seawater), of a high strength steel (SE702) used in offshore structures. A detailed attention was paid to the determination of mechanisms and kinetics of crack initiation and propagation. The fatigue behaviour of the SE702 was characterised by fatigue lives and crack growth rates of self-initiated cracks. These results were compared with those obtained in a secondary vacuum, so that it enables to separate the effects of environment from the mechanical effects. Moreover, the comparison of the results obtained in the different environments made it possible to specify the action mechanisms of the various active species. The harmful effect of the air is allotted to a joint action of oxygen and water vapour whereas the effect of the saline solutions is due to the hydrogen generated by cathodic protection
MOREL-TONNEAU, Anne. "Etude de la sensibilité à l'environnement sous chargement mécanique monotone et cyclique des aluminiures de type FeAl et TiAl." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2335.
Full textDurif, Emilien. "Caractérisation du couplage mécano-électrochimique en pointe de fissure lors de la fissuration assistée par corrosion sous contrainte : cas du Zircaloy-4 en milieu aqueux halogéné." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759340.
Full textYoussef, Toni. "Modélisation multiphysique d'un assemblage de puissance haute température destiné à l'environnement aéronautique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0167/document.
Full textToday’s main challenge for aeronautical equipment manufacturers is to respond to the more electrical aircraft regulations. Moreover, there are many applications in aircraft area where high temperature technologies are needed. Nowadays, the replacement of hydraulic systems for electric ones leads to place the power inverters in a harsh environment, for example in the engine nacelle. The equipment is under high constraints such as high and low temperatures, wide temperature cycling, high humidity and low pressure. Combined to these environmental constraints, the new aircraft system is submitted to weight and operating cost reduction. As a consequence, efforts shall be done to reduce weight and volume of the power converter without losing its performance. To reach such a goal, the design of the converter must enable a high level of integration, efficiency and reliability. In particular, fatigue damage has a significant influence on such modules electrical power performance. And fatigue-related performance testing remains a costly endeavor for aeronautical equipment. A finite number of destructive tests can be carried out in specific facilities for a fairly low number of configurations. The purpose of these destructive tests is to investigate the failure modes appearing regarding this accelerated ageing. Therefore numerical simulations have been envisaged since non-destructive, easily evolving and usable for a high number of configurations, though needing data from experimental assays. In this study, we propose a method dealing with the main constraints for such equipment, i.e. electrical, thermal and mechanical simulation. Those three physical problems have different characteristic time and are strongly coupled with a non-trivial behavior. To optimize the resources usage and have a relevant representation of the problem, a 1D electrical / 3D thermal / 3D mechanical coupled method has been implemented over a co-simulation bus. Different time steps, different abstraction levels and different skills are used to provide predictions of the multiphysical fatigue behavior of power modules
Hérault, Diane. "Du formage virtuel à la tenue en service de pièces métalliques : influence des trajets complexes de déformations." Thesis, Lorient, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORIS800.
Full textIn order to reach an integrated design of car body components, a first step towards an end-to-end chain of simulations is established in this thesis beginning with the sheet metal forming process until the service life prediction of the formed part. The deep drawing of cylindrical cup in one or two stages is considered as a reference able to reproduce complex strain paths occurring during the manufacturing of industrial parts. The selected material is a DP600 dual phase steel with high strength and commonly used for this kind of application in the automotive field. The material behavior is firstly characterized for linear, non-linear and cyclic strain paths in order to calibrate an advanced constitutive law dedicated to sheet metal forming and a fatigue criterion. The deep drawing in one and two stages is experimentally performed and analyzed with measures of the strain field and the residual stresses. A comparison of these different elements with numerical predictions is carried out to highlight the occurrence of strain path changes and their influence. Numerically, the final state and particularly the strain and stress fields obtained after deep-drawing and springback are used as inputs in the fatigue loading simulation. A simplified method, based on the adaptation of uniaxial criteria to multiaxial loads, is then used to estimate the service life of cylindrical cups