Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fatalities'
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1
MACCARRON, Ciaran, and ciaran maccarron@watercorporation com au. "CONFINED SPACE FATALITIES." Edith Cowan University. Computing, Health And Science: School Of Exercise, Biomedical & Health Science, 2006. http://adt.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2007.0023.html.
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The extent of work related fatal accidents has been analysed statistically by agencies throughout the world. As a result of this analysis there is a wealth of information available categorised by industry types, sub-industry, occupation, sex, age, nature of occurrence, bodily location, agency of occurrence and mechanism of injury. It is however extremely difficult to identify information pertaining to confined space fatalities such as contributory factors, mechanisms of injury and other data of an epidemiological nature.
2
MacCarron, Ciaran. "Confined space fatalities." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2006. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/81.
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The extent of work related fatal accidents has been analysed statistically by agencies throughout the world. As a result of this analysis there is a wealth of information available categorised by industry types, sub-industry, occupation, sex, age, nature of occurrence, bodily location, agency of occurrence and mechanism of injury. It is however extremely difficult to identify information pertaining to confined space fatalities such as contributory factors, mechanisms of injury and other data of an epidemiological nature.
3
Kopits, Elizabeth Anne. "Traffic fatalities and economic growth." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1982.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.Thesis research directed by: Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Shaheed, Mohammad Saad B. "Factors affecting motorcycle fatalities in Kansas." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/7020.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Civil Engineering
Sunanda Dissanayake
Over the past few years, motorcycle fatalities have increased at an alarming rate in the United States. Motorcycle safety issues in Kansas are no different from the national scenario. Accordingly, this study attempted to investigate motorcycle crashes in Kansas to identify critical characteristics and to evaluate the effect of those on motorcycle crash injury outcomes. State-level motorcycle rider fatality rates were investigated while considering various factors including helmet laws, using generalized least squares regression modeling. A detailed characteristic analysis was carried out for motorcycle crashes, using Kansas crash data. Comparisons were made between several aspects of motorcycle crashes and other vehicle crashes. Analysis using Logistic regression was performed on Kansas motorcycle crash data to identify factor affecting fatal motorcycle crashes. In addition, a survey was conducted focusing on identifying motorcycle rider behaviors, helmet usage patterns, perception towards helmet laws in Kansas, potential problems, crash contributory factors, and difficulty levels of different motorcycle maneuvers to execute. Ordered probit modeling was used to identity factors contributing to increased severity of Kansas motorcycle riders involved in crashes. Results from state-level modeling showed statistically significant relationships between motorcycle fatality rates in a given state as well as several other factors. These factors included weather-related conditions, helmet laws, per capita income, highway mileage of rural roads, population density, education, demographic distributions, and motorcycle registrations in the state. The study showed that states with mandatory helmet laws had 5.6% fewer motorcycle fatalities per 10,000 registrations and 7.85% fewer motorcycle fatalities per 100,000 populations. Characteristic analysis of motorcycle crashes in Kansas revealed that motorcycle maneuvers such as overtaking, motorcyclists being older than 40 years, using motorcycle helmets, using motorcycle helmets and eye protection simultaneously, daytime riding, crashes occurring on roadside shoulders, and influence of alcohol among the riders during crashes had higher risk of ending up as a fatal motorcycle crash in Kansas. Results from the survey conducted among motorcycle riders in Kansas revealed that 71% of respondents thought drivers of other vehicles were the single biggest threat to their own safety. Survey results also revealed that 64% of respondents opposed a mandatory law requiring motorcycle riders and passengers to wear helmets in Kansas. Result from the ordered probit modeling of motorcycle rider injury severity showed that overturned and fixed-object motorcycle crashes, helmet use, younger motorcycle riders, speeding, presence of alcohol among motorcycle riders, and good weather contributed to increased severity of injury of motorcycle riders involved in crashes in Kansas.
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Allen, Kathy Cox. "An economic model of highway fatalities." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90961.
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Where can state, local and federal government officials concentrate their resources in order to reduce the highway fatality rate?
A highway fatality model was developed to determine which factor has the greatest positive or negative impact on the highway fatality rate. A cross-section of data from states for 1984 and 1985 was collected for the following variables: average speed, speed variance, percentage of drivers wearing seat belts, percentage of licensed male drivers, percentage of drivers under 25 years of age, drinking age for beer, per capita alcohol consumption, percentage of urban population, and percentage of urban roads.
The highway fatality equation was estimated via an iterative approach using ordinary least squares. The variables testing significant include: average speed, speed variance, drinking age for beer, percentage of drivers under 25 years of age, and percentage of urban roads.
When translating the results into a policy action, it was determined that keeping the speed limit at 55 MPH on rural interstates would prevent the greatest number of traffic fatalities. Other policy actions considered in order of their impact on highway fatalities include: more stringent enforcement of the 55 MPH speed limit, restricting teenage night-time driving, raising the driving age to 17 years of age, and raising the drinking age for beer to 21 in the seven remaining states.M.A.
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Johansson, Lars. "Teenager fatalities : epidemiology and implications for prevention." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Rättsmedicin, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-36682.
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A significant number of teenagers are killed each year by unintentional or intentional injuries. A teenager is in a vulnerable phase of her/his life, going from being a child to adult. This transition often includes testing the limits of their capabilities, which can include, e.g., high speed driving, testing alcohol and other drugs, including drinking and driving. The development from child to adult includes different psychological stress factors, such as, e.g., school problems, broken love affairs and bullying. The demands – perceived or real – also increases over time and vulnerable individuals can turn to self-harm and in the most extreme case suicide. The aim of this thesis was to investigate teenager fatalities in the northern half of Sweden and to suggest preventive measures. A survey of teenager fatalities during a twenty-year period revealed that the incidence of unintentional (n=248) deaths decreased, while intentional (n=102) deaths were unaffected over time. Most unintentional deaths were transportation related (n=204) while most of the intentional deaths were suicides (n=88). Twenty-eight percent of the decedents were test-positive for alcohol at autopsy. In a series of three studies, teenager suicides were investigated in depth, firstly through an interview study with the investigating police officer in charge of the investigation of a teenager suicide. Most of the suicides occurred in rural and depopulated areas despite the fact that most teenagers live in the larger cities along the coastline. A majority of the suicides appeared to be planned. Females, contrary to males, often had a psychiatric history. One of the conclusions was that police officers provide essential information concerning the circumstances around a teenager suicide. Parents who had lost a child through suicide, and in some cases siblings, were interviewed 15-25 months after the suicide. It was striking how the life of the surviving family members were still affected by the devastating trauma of the suicide; most parents testified that they were still struggling with the question “why?” and that they were thinking of their lost child every day. Post suicide support was often badly timed and insufficient, especially for the younger siblings. The family doctor has an important role as a co-ordinator of a long-term individually formulated support scheme for the bereaved. Evidence of suicide contagion and suicide cluster formation, i.e., one teenager suicide led to another suicide, was found in these studies, and two suicide clusters were identified, with links between the victims in each cluster. Both clusters occurred within a geographical and timely proximity. Everyone involved in the well-being of the young should be aware of the risk of contagion and suicide cluster formation. The fifth study concerned 12,812 teenagers who visited the Emergency Room at Umeå University Hospital due to an injury during 1993 through 2006. Sixty-one of these were found dead through 2007, 49 by unnatural (of which 38 were included) and 12 by natural causes. The standard mortality rate for unnatural death was calculated to 1.44 (1.02-1.98), confirming an increased risk of premature death. In many of these deaths, alcohol and drugs may have contributed. By increasing the awareness among health professionals that injury can predict a premature death - primarily among those who develop substance abuse - some premature deaths may be prevented by early intervention. This thesis confirms that most teenagers die from unnatural causes, mostly in transportation-related events and by suicide. By studying these deaths, preventive measures that could save lives have been suggested.
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Hake, Mark Lewn. "Marijuana Legalization and Traffic Fatalities Involving Cannabinoids." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6330.
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Washington State and Colorado were the first states to legalize recreational marijuana. According to the Washington Traffic Safety Commission, the number of drivers who tested positive for marijuana in traffic fatalities increased 48% from 2013 to 2014, and marijuana legalization may have influenced this increase. Since marijuana legalization is new to the United States, the effects of this change in policy are untested in the literature. The purpose of this quantitative study using a regression point displacement design was to examine the relationship between traffic fatalities involving cannabinoids in Washington State before and after marijuana legalization. Rational choice theory and perceptual deterrence theory provided the framework for the study. Existing state level data of traffic fatalities from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Fatality Analysis Reporting System were analyzed using regression point displacement. Pre and post legalization Washington state fatalities were compared against 43 control groups where marijuana has not been legalized for recreational use. Results from ANCOVA analysis indicated no statistical difference between Washington State and other nonlegalized states in traffic fatalities involving cannabinoids. This is one of the first studies exploring the effects of marijuana legalization on public safety. These results suggest marijuana legalization may not contribute to the increase in traffic fatalities. Findings may provide legislators and traffic safety stakeholders with information in creating legislation legalizing marijuana as well as strategy and a research agenda to address traffic fatalities.
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Kellar, Debra Meridith Mokaren. "The Examination of Vehicle Related Flood Fatalities in the United State, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the U.S. territories of the Virgin Islands and Guam: 1995-2005." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1290537007.
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Brodbelt, David Charles. "The confidential enquiry into perioperative small animal fatalities." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522178.
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Driscoll, Timothy Robert. "The epidemiology of work-related fatalities in Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1087.
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Background: There is no on-going information on the number, rate or circumstances of work-related fatal injury in Australia. This thesis reports on a study aimed to identify and describe all work-related fatalities that occurred in Australia during the four-year period 1989 to 1992, in order to make a significant contribution to the effectiveness of activity designed to prevent work-related traumatic death. Methods: A broad definition of work was used, with particular focus on workers and bystanders. The study also included the injury-related deaths of volunteers, students, persons performing home duties and persons fatally injured on farms but not due to obvious farm work. The data were obtained primarily from coronial files. Files were found for 99.7% of the deaths of interest. Detailed results are presented on the work-related deaths of workers, bystanders and persons fatally injured while engaged in home duties. The results for workers are also compared with those from an earlier study of work-related fatalities in Australia, which covered the years 1982 to 1984 inclusive. Other aspects of work-related deaths are considered in detail, including the effect of employment arrangements; their coverage by occupational health and safety and compensation agencies; their handling by the coronial system; the role of External Cause codes in identifying and monitoring work-related injury deaths; and the reliability and validity of the definitions used to classify work-related injury deaths. Results: There were 2,413 persons fatally injured while working or commuting during the study period (1,787 working; 626 commuting), with a rate of death for working persons of 5.5 per 100,000 persons per year. This compared to the rate of 6.7 for working deaths during 1982 to 1984, with just under half of the decline probably due to changes in the industry distribution of the workforce. Another 802 persons were fatally injured as a result of someone else’s work activity, and 296 persons aged 15 years and over were fatally injured while undertaking active tasks in an unpaid and informal capacity in their own home or in someone else’s home. Thirty-four percent of working deaths were not covered by either occupational health and safety (OHS) or compensation agencies. A consideration of External Cause codes for the period 1979 to 1997 inclusive suggested there was a yearly decrease in the rate of workplace deaths of 2.6% per year, with less than half of this change due to industry changes in the workforce. Deaths occurring in a small number of particular circumstances were found to pose classification problems. Conclusion: Fatal work-related trauma remains an important problem for the Australian community. By understanding how and why these deaths occur, appropriate steps can be taken to prevent similar incidents recurring. It is expected that the results reported here, and other information that has arisen from the study, will make an important contribution to developing this understanding and preventing the occurrence of work- related traumatic death in Australia.
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Driscoll, Timothy Robert. "The epidemiology of work-related fatalities in Australia." University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1087.
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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)Background: There is no on-going information on the number, rate or circumstances of work-related fatal injury in Australia. This thesis reports on a study aimed to identify and describe all work-related fatalities that occurred in Australia during the four-year period 1989 to 1992, in order to make a significant contribution to the effectiveness of activity designed to prevent work-related traumatic death. Methods: A broad definition of work was used, with particular focus on workers and bystanders. The study also included the injury-related deaths of volunteers, students, persons performing home duties and persons fatally injured on farms but not due to obvious farm work. The data were obtained primarily from coronial files. Files were found for 99.7% of the deaths of interest. Detailed results are presented on the work-related deaths of workers, bystanders and persons fatally injured while engaged in home duties. The results for workers are also compared with those from an earlier study of work-related fatalities in Australia, which covered the years 1982 to 1984 inclusive. Other aspects of work-related deaths are considered in detail, including the effect of employment arrangements; their coverage by occupational health and safety and compensation agencies; their handling by the coronial system; the role of External Cause codes in identifying and monitoring work-related injury deaths; and the reliability and validity of the definitions used to classify work-related injury deaths. Results: There were 2,413 persons fatally injured while working or commuting during the study period (1,787 working; 626 commuting), with a rate of death for working persons of 5.5 per 100,000 persons per year. This compared to the rate of 6.7 for working deaths during 1982 to 1984, with just under half of the decline probably due to changes in the industry distribution of the workforce. Another 802 persons were fatally injured as a result of someone else’s work activity, and 296 persons aged 15 years and over were fatally injured while undertaking active tasks in an unpaid and informal capacity in their own home or in someone else’s home. Thirty-four percent of working deaths were not covered by either occupational health and safety (OHS) or compensation agencies. A consideration of External Cause codes for the period 1979 to 1997 inclusive suggested there was a yearly decrease in the rate of workplace deaths of 2.6% per year, with less than half of this change due to industry changes in the workforce. Deaths occurring in a small number of particular circumstances were found to pose classification problems. Conclusion: Fatal work-related trauma remains an important problem for the Australian community. By understanding how and why these deaths occur, appropriate steps can be taken to prevent similar incidents recurring. It is expected that the results reported here, and other information that has arisen from the study, will make an important contribution to developing this understanding and preventing the occurrence of work- related traumatic death in Australia.
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Adam, Mohamed. "Sharp object fatalities in East London : A descriptive study /." Bellville : University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/usrfiles/modules/etd/docs/etd_gen8Srv25Nme4_6999_1277417229.pdf.
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Dixon, Kurt. "Sharp object fatalities in East London: A descriptive study." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5398_1277417263.
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Data from the National Injury Mortality Surveillance System (NIMSS) show that homicide is the major cause of death with firearms and sharp objects as the main external causes of death in South Africa. The current study is a descriptive study, describing the epidemiology of sharp object fatalities in the city of East London (also known as Buffalo City) in South Africa. It is a secondary data analysis of mortuary data collected by morticians trained in data collection methods according to World Health Organisation standards. This descriptive study aimed to develop the profile of sharp object fatalities in East London. Most of the findings were consistent with other literature on sharp object violence/homicide and on homicide in general using rates per population denominator data. It also combined variables to arrive at more complex descriptions. The following risk factors were identified: male, between the ages 30-34, being from a disadvantaged population group, alcohol consumption, weekend, between the times 20h00 and 23h59 and if we discount the place of death, &lsquo
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then the greatest percentage of deaths occurred in a private house. The results were interpreted within an ecological and contextual theoretical framework to hypothesize possible etiological factors. The conclusion was that there were multiple variables which all interact and influence one another across all ecological levels and as other studies have recommended, this study too also recommends that more work is needed in order to identify the multiple pathways leading to fatalities, perhaps by way of multivariate studies as well as qualitative studies with perpetrators of sharp object fatalities.
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Najafi, Shahriar. "Pavement Friction Management (PFM) - A Step Toward Zero Fatalities." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64457.
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It is important for highway agencies to monitor the pavement friction periodically and systematically to support their safety management programs. The collected data can help implement preservation policies that improve the safety of the roadway network and decrease the number of skidding-related crashes. This dissertation introduces new approaches to effectively use tire-pavement friction data for supporting asset management decisions. It follows a manuscript format and is composed of five papers. The first chapter of the dissertation discusses the principles of tire pavement friction and surface texture. Methods for measuring friction and texture are further discussed in this chapter. The importance of friction in safety design of highways is also highlighted. The second chapter discusses a case study on developing pavement friction management program. The proposed approach in this chapter can be used by highways agencies to develop pavement friction management program. Contrary to general perception, that friction is only influencing wet condition crashes, this study indicated that friction is associated with both wet and dry condition crashes.
The third and fourth chapters of the dissertation introduce a soft-computing approach for pavement friction management. Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic approach are presented. The learning ability of Neural Network makes it appealing as it can learn from examples; however, Neural Network is generally complicated and hard to understand for practical purposes. The Fuzzy system on the other hand is easy to understand. The advantage of Fuzzy system over Artificial Neural Network is that it uses linguistic and human like rules. Sugeno Neuro-Fuzzy approach is used to tune the proposed Fuzzy Logic model. Neuro-Fuzzy approach has the benefit of incorporating both 'learning ability' of neural network and human ruled based decision making aspect of fuzzy logics. The application of the fuzzy system in real-time slippery spot warning system is demonstrated in chapter five.
Finally, the sixth chapter of the dissertation evaluates the potential of grinding and grooving technique to restore friction properties of the pavement. Once sleek spots are identified through pavement friction management program, this technique can be used to restore the friction without compromising the roadway smoothness.Ph. D.
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Zhao, Dong. "Exploring Construction Safety and Control Measures through Electrical Fatalities." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71712.
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Globally, construction is considered a hazardous industry with a disproportionate amount of fatal and non-fatal injuries as compared to other industries. Electrocution is named as one of the "fatal four" causes for construction injuries by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). In the United States, an average of 47.9% electrical fatalities occurred in the construction industry from 2003 to 2012, according to the U.S. Department of Labor. These fatalities include both electrical workers and non-electrical workers. Such a disproportionate rate suggests a need of research to improve construction safety and reduce injuries due to electrocution. However, there is a lack of understanding of causation mechanisms surrounding fatal accidents by electrocution using a systems approach; and there is a disconnection between the mechanism of fatal electrocution accidents and the associated control measures, which may lead to less effective prevention in construction.
This dissertation has three objectives, including: (a) establishing a sociotechnical system model that reflects the electrocution occurrence in the U.S. construction industry and identify the associations among its internal subsystems; (b) determining specific electrocution patterns and associated mechanism constraints; and (c) examining hierarchy of control (HOC) measures and determining their appropriateness.
Findings from his research include: (a) the identification of three system patterns of electrocution in construction work systems and the associations between personnel, technological, organizational/managerial subsystems, and the internal and external environment for each of the three patterns, using a macroergonomics framework; (b) the identification of five features of work, and map out their decision-making chains, critical decision-making points and constraints, as an interpretation of electrocution mechanisms in the workplace; and (c) revealing that behavioral controls remain prevalent in electrical hazard mitigation even though the knowledge of construction safety and health has increased in the past decades, and that the effectiveness of controls is not statistically different by construction type nor occupation.
Based on these findings, the research also suggests corresponding mitigation recommendations that construction managers shall strictly follow HOC rules by giving priority to higher level of controls and upgrading the industry's prevention strategy by introducing more technological innovations and encouraging prevention through design (PtD) strategies.Ph. D.
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Matzopoulos, Richard. "Alcohol as a risk factor for train commuting fatalities." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8767.
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Bibliography: leaves 53-58.Railway fatalities are an important subset of transport-related fatalities, which account for about 60% of the fatal unintentional injuries occurring in Cape Town. The Medical Research Council reviewed three and a half years of rail injury data and found that alcohol was one of the main risk factors. Furthermore, 33% of South Africa’s national rail fatalities tested positive for alcohol in 1999. Despite the links between alcohol and all types of transport- related injury, prevention efforts have targeted motor vehicle (MV) drivers exclusively. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between alcohol and the risk of all types of transport-related injury (particularly rail injury). Post mortem reports for transport fatalities were collected retrospectively from the two cape Town mortuaries at Salt River and Tygerberg for the period 1 January 1994 to 31 December 1996. A case control study design was used with the cases comprising rail passenger and rail pedestrian fatalities, while motor vehicle drivers and passengers were the controls for the passenger group and motor vehicle pedestrians were the controls for rail pedestrians. Blood alcohol concentration was the dependent variable, the independent variables were age, sex, race, date of death, day of week, time of injury and mechanism of death and the odds ratio was used as the measure of relative risk The study showed that alcohol consumption is an important risk-factor for rail fatalities. The odds ratios imply that rail passengers are 5.23 or 2.3 times as likely to be intoxicated than motor vehicle passengers or motor vehicle drivers respectively, while rail pedestrians are 1.44 times more likely to be intoxicated than motor vehicle pedestrian fatalities. Alcohol plays as important a role, if not more so, for drunken rail passengers and pedestrians as it does for drunken drivers and road pedestrians. The role of alcohol in rail pedestrian fatalities is significant when compared to motor-vehicle pedestrians as a control group. The study has also demonstrated that data provided by the National injury Mortality Surveillance System can form the basis for analytic studies on the risk-factors of injury. The results complement a growing body of research that documents the adverse health effects of excessive alcohol consumption and provide more evidence for public health campaigners to tackle endemic alcohol abuse in South Africa.
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Abbott, Marianne. "Dangerous intervention an analysis of humanitarian fatalities in assistance contexts /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1134419987.
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Sparks, Simon. "Fatalities : truth and tragedy in texts of Heidegger and Benjamin." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2317/.
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The following thesis explores the notion of truth as developed in the work of Martin Heidegger and Walter Benjamin. Contrary to the position adopted by many commentators, who seek to drive a wedge between Heidegger's unorthodox phenomenology and the resolutely non -phenomenological Benjamin, I shall want to show how both begin with a rigorously Husserlian conception of truth as an intuition of essence in order, finally, to deviate from it. I argue that, for neither one, can truth be merely one problem or issue taken up by a thinking secure in itself. Rather, from its most classical determination in, for example, the Metaphysics as έπιστήμη της άληθείας, the way in which truth has been determined has itself determined the very project of philosophy. Yet whilst the trajectory of both Heidegger and Benjamin's work can thus be determined in large measure by the question of truth, both are also concerned to re-orient that question in a direction that renders problematic Aristotle's implicit connection of truth to knowledge and knowledge to intuition and presence. I argue that their respective challenges to the location of truth in the act of knowing -a challenge made each time by way of an analytical regression from a propositional understanding of truth (Satzwahrheit) to intuitive truth (Anschauungs-wahrheit) to, finally, its more original character as disclosedness (Erschlossenheit) - remain thoroughly phenomenological before showing how it is in the work of art, and in tragedy in particular, that each one finds the resources for a still more radical understanding of truth. Not in the cognitivist sense that art makes truth claims about the world, but in the sense that it is with the work of art that the historical act of disclosure and world -constitution that Benjamin and Heidegger call truth is most emphatically made.
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Abbott, Marianne. "Dangerous intervention: an analysis of humanitarian fatalities in assistance contexts." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1134419987.
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Krause, Robert C. "What is Killing Firefighters? A Study of Volunteer Firefighter Fatalities." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1563365156751977.
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Rafferty, Paula S. "Spatial Analysis of North Central Texas Traffic Fatalities 2001-2006." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33195/.
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A traditional two dimensional (planar) statistical analysis was used to identify the clustering types of North Central Texas traffic fatalities occurring in 2001-2006. Over 3,700 crash locations clustered in ways that were unlike other researched regions. A two dimensional (x and y coordinates) space was manipulated to mimic a one dimensional network to identify the tightest clustering of fatalities in the nearly 400,000 crashes reported from state agencies from 2003-2006. The roadway design was found to significantly affect crash location. A one dimensional (linear) network analysis was then used to measure the statistically significant clustering of flow variables of after dark crashes and daylight crashes. Flow variables were determined to significantly affect crash location after dark. The linear and planar results were compared and the one dimensional, linear analysis was found to be more accurate because it did not over detect the clustering of events on a network.
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Kmet, Leanne Marie. "A small area study of motor vehicle crash fatalities in Alberta." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0019/MQ49630.pdf.
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Wong, Chelsia. "Contribution of Upholstered Furniture to Residential Fire Fatalities in New Zealand." University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8301.
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This report examines the features of fatal residential fire incidents involving upholstered furniture in New Zealand over the period of 1996 to 2000.
Included in this report is an analysis of the New Zealand Fire Service (NZFS) Emergency
Incident Statistics from 1995 to 1999. Further investigation was also undertaken based on information from the Fire Incident Reporting System (FIRS) data from 1996 to 2000.
It was found that upholstered furniture was involved in 35.4% of all residential fire fatalities in a five-year period between 1996 to 2000. An analysis of common trends found in fatal residential fires involving upholstered furniture has also been included in this report.
It was concluded that fatal residential fire incidents involving upholstered furniture typically resulted in a single fatality even though there was usually more than one person present in the residential structure when ignition occurred. Young children, the elderly and persons intoxicated by drugs or alcohol were particularly susceptible in such fires with most occupants asleep when ignition occurred. The most common cause of death for occupants remote from the room of fire origin was smoke inhalation while for occupants within the room of fire origin, it was from severe bums or exposure to heat and smoke from the fire. Smoke detectors were not present or defective in most of these incidents. Upholstered furniture was usually not the object first ignited, meaning that it was ignited later on in the fire by means of either small flame or large flame ignition sources.
Other factors influencing fire fatalities in residential property were also discussed.
Comparisons were made with similar studies done in other countries, namely the U.S., United Kingdom and Australia. Finally, conclusions were drawn from the results obtained. Recommendations and suggestions for future research were also included in this report.
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Key, Heather Joann. "Tornado Fatalities: An In-Depth Look at Physical and Societal Influences." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5714.
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The purpose of this study is to model and determine significant predictors of tornado death index values, and to investigate these significant predictors and what makes people vulnerable to tornado fatalities through expert interviews. This study also provides an understanding of the study participant’s perceptions of their county’s vulnerability to tornado fatality and demonstrates a true integration of methods and fields by studying geographic, meteorological, and sociological phenomena by use of quantitative and qualitative methods. The study consists of two parts: 1) A quantitative exploration of variables hypothesized to predict Tornado Death Index (TDI) values, 2) A qualitative investigation to further understand what leads to higher tornado fatalities. For the quantitative portion of the study descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions were run on TDI values. It was predicted that several tornado characteristic, demographic, housing type and characteristic, religious, region, rural vs. urban, and potential casualty variables were significant predictors of TDI values. For the qualitative portion of the study a highest order emergency manager was interviewed, coding was done and themes, sub-themes, and categories emerged, and quotes that demonstrated the themes and categories were examined.
Overall, significant predictor variables of TDI are tornado frequency, tornado width, ages 35-44, percent born in the Northeast, percent rural housing units, and potential casualties. As tornado width, and percent of rural housing units increases TDI increases (positive relationship), whereas as tornado frequency, ages 35-44, being born in the Northeast, and potential casualty increases TDI decreases (negative relationship). In the interview, age, cultural beliefs, and mobility challenges were found to increase risk to tornado fatality. It was also suggested that differences in tornados may exist between the Midwest and the South in terms of tornado development, duration, and warning lead-times. Finally, vulnerability can be reduced by educating the public, and reaching out to vulnerable populations and their caregivers.
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Kaur, Dharminder. "Identification of Factors Contributing to Traffic Fatalities in the United States." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27874.
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Traffic accidents not only cause injuries and deaths but also result in significant property and economic losses. With annual 40,000 lives lost in United States and $80 billion in economic losses, research in minimizing accidents is a major priority. This research identified and ranked factors that reduce traffic fatalities and determined their relative importance.
A total of 93 factors were identified and ranked into seven major categories through a systematic literature review. A questionnaire was sent to the State Departments of Transportation, and the responses were coded and analyzed using a relative importance index, rankings and percentages. The systematic literature review and survey results indicated that agencies should direct resources toward the highest-ranking factors to achieve better safety performance. Efforts should be made to improve infrastructure and influence road-user behavior towards safer habits. Laws and policies are vital to maintaining good road-user behavior, which could leads to lower traffic fatalities.
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Munyon, James. "A Statistical Analysis of Motor Vehicle Fatalities in the United States." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1491397270639027.
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Redman-Ernst, Gilbert M. "Effects of Uber on the Traffic Fatalities in the United States." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1626723722407435.
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Barr, Nathan Daniel. "The effects of protective gear and riding experience on motorcycle fatalities." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12050.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityMotorcyclists are one of the most at risk populations on public roads in the United States (2010). While all motorcyclists are required undergo supplemental licensure examinations, and in many states riders are required to wear helmets, there is still a great discrepancy between motorcycle related fatalities and automobile related fatalities – in 2010, this discrepancy was 30 to 1 (2010). This thesis examines current licensure policies and helmet laws across the United States in order to determine if any additional steps can be taken to better protect motorcyclists. Additionally, the use of different types of motorcycles was examined as a means of identifying and better protecting at-risk motorcycle drivers. The goal of this thesis is to determine the effectiveness of protective gear and motorcycle rider experience in preventing motorcycle fatalities and to examine how licensure and training requirements for motorcyclists could affect the number of fatalities of motorcycle riders in the United States of America. Motorcycles make up less than 1% of all vehicles on the road, but are responsible for 12% of all motor vehicle accident related costs in the United States. Additionally, it was found that motorcyclists are 30 times more likely to be involved in a fatal accident than an automobile driver. Helmet laws and enforcement of anti-drinking and driving laws were found to significantly decrease rider fatalities. [TRUNCATED]
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Tang, Yuni. "Motor vehicle crash fatalities during Memorial Day weekend from 1981 to 2016." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555345829621715.
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Walker, Douglas Greig. "Investigation of the critical factors in scuba diving fatalities Australia 1955-1991." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1993. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26616.
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The underwater environment has become a popular recreational area since the development of a simple and efficient valve which would supply air "on demand" at ambient pressure from a cylinder having air at a considerably higher pressure. This followed improvements by Cousteau and Gagnan on earlier attempts to achieve this change from manually controlled supply systems. The previous continuous-flow system was wasteful of air supplies. This work took place in France during the last stages of World War 11 and was marketed at first under the trade name of "Aqualung". It was a consequence of the post-war publicity given to the exploits of "frogmen" plus an appreciation that oxygen rebreather sets carried serious risks to the users which soon made the potential of this apparatus popular and provoked a flood of imitators. The Cousteau-Gagnan team tried hard to preserve their copyright of the name of their product and forced their competitors to come up with an alternative name. The acronym SCUBA (self contained underwater breathing apparatus) has now become better known than the name Aqualung.
The exploits of the wartime "frogman" (who used either rebreather apparatus or were simple swimmers, never scuba divers) popularised the idea of venturing underwater and this was made possible after development of scuba, a far safer apparatus than rebreather units. One consequence of this peacetime influx into the world of divers by amateurs was their insistence on safety, or at the very least a minimisation of morbidity and mortality. Such a basic requirement was minimally considered in wartime and was foreign to the can-do ethos of commercial diving at that time. There was no significant medical interest in diving-related deaths as the causes (drowning squeeze or "blow up") were obvious factors and inevitable in such an occupation. Attention was directed to "The Bends" because this was causing morbidity (and deaths) and this was effecting skilled men so delaying the progress of work, and the need to persuade the crew of submarines that they could escape if their craft happened to sink inspired the development of oxygen rebreather sets.
Knowledge was slight, most diver training was "on the job" and the Standard Suit hose-supplied diver of pre-scuba days was dependent on a significant surface team. Medical interest was still at this time effectively nil. It was the demands from recreational divers for reliable scuba instruction which has had a major influence in changing the attitudes to training and diving safety long held by the commercial diving community.
This report has been confined to consideration of fatalities with a close time relationship to scuba diving in Australian waters, as this is now the most commonly practiced form of diving. Death may indeed occur in association with breath hold, hose supply and with use of re-breather sets but it is the scuba divers who suffer the greatest number of diving-related fatalities nowadays. Regulation of diving activities has been increasingly introduced in relation to commercial and scientific diving but the only present controls affecting recreational divers are those introduced and applied by the Instructor organisations and dive shop owners. They are aware that the public expects professional training standards of a high quality and that Government regulations will be introduced should too many adverse comments be made by either news media or by some Coroner. They are also partly controlled, although their customers are not, by the Workplace Health and Safety Regulations which have been extended to include diving instructors and those running the commercial dive boats.
Increasingly Instructor Organisations have been requiring medical assessment of fitness to scuba dive before they will issue a card showing the person has successfully completed a training course, a card which is now necessary before equipment will be hired, an air tank filled, or the diver accepted on a commercial dive boat. This has been required by individual instructors for many years but it has now become mandatory in Australia and New Zealand in response to an awareness that they would be exposed to adverse comments, as Organisations or as individual instructors, should some "incident" permit the Media or a Coroner to declaim virtuously concerning an obviously unfit person being certificated as fit to scuba dive. A possible additional factor may have been their desire to minimise the perceived claim risk when approaching Insurance companies.
Scuba diving pupils naturally object to any medical decision that they are unfit to scuba dive if this is given after completion of a course and their money is not refunded. Gradually if has become accepted that the examining doctor should have some understanding of the basic medically-related factors in diving if a Fit to Dive certificate was to have real value, a matter understood by many of the instructors before being accepted by the medical authorities. In many other countries a medical check is still optional.
There is much opinion but little detailed data available on which to base a considered judgment of the relative significance of the medical among the multiple factors effecting the safety of divers using scuba. This investigation has saught to assess the presence or absence of many factors, the medical among them. The results of the survey provide a reliable basis for strengthening or amending present beliefs and practices. During the course of the project a point has been made of publishing provisional reports. These have been sent to all the major Instructor organisations and every one of the Government or police providers of information. In order to reach the diving community directly they have been printed in the Journal of the South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society, which is read by many doctors and instructors.
In general, Commercial diving is different from recreational scuba diving in significant ways. Government regulations strictly limit dive times and depths and define the topside supervision which is to be exercised. Hose supply is mandatory for dive depths which a recreational diver would consider commonplace, the use of scuba is limited to shallow depths. There are relatively few fatalities in commercial diving compared with recreational divers, as far as can be ascertained, but the numbers of active divers in each group and their dive profiles is unknown. The term opportunistic commercial could be applied to those only occasionally diving to undertake a job for another person. All such are included in this survey.
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Garcia, Lucas Aaron. "Fire Training Fatalities and Firefighter Adherence to National fire Protection Association Standards." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6204.
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Sudden cardiac arrest continues to be a major cause of firefighter deaths during training due to a lack of individual firefighter adherence to National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standards. These standards identify requirements for fire departments to create and maintain fitness programs. Existing research has not identified any relationships between training fatalities and individual firefighter adherence to NFPA 1583, Standard on Health-Related Fitness Programs for Fire Department Members. Using self-determination theory as the foundation, the purpose of this cross-sectional correlation study was to investigate whether individual firefighter adherence to NFPA 1583 has a measurable effect on training fatalities. Survey data were collected from 441 paid firefighters from 7 fire departments located in a rural county in a southern U.S. state. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results indicated that adherence to NFPA 1583 has a statistically significant relationship with reduced firefighter training fatalities (p = .000). Recommendations include examining adherence policies to all elements of the NFPA 1583 standard, not just chapters 5 through 8 in the publication. These include chapter 1 administration, chapter 2 referenced publications, chapter 3 definitions, and chapter 4 program organization specifications. The study results may be used by fire department training divisions to improve the health and safety of firefighters.
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De, La Paz Jade S. "Distinguishing homicides and suicides in firearm fatalities: the role of skeletal trauma analysis." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21177.
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Thesis (M.S.F.S.) PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.The work of an international team of forensic experts led to the final determination that Salvador Allende, former Chilean president (1970-1973), committed suicide by firearm during the military coup against his socialist government on September 11, 1973. Included in the final report was the anthropologists’ skeletal trauma analysis documenting the gunshot trauma to the skull as consistent with the passage of a high velocity projectile under the chin and through the cranial cavity. The anthropological report was part of a multidisciplinary effort to finally address the questions surrounding the manner of Salvador Allende’s death, and to eliminate speculations that he was killed by the military. Although it is not the role of the anthropologist to determine manner of death in a forensic case, expertise in osteology and the biomechanics of high velocity projectile trauma to bone may contribute to the pathologist’s final conclusions about manner of death in firearm fatalities. Previous research looking at variation between homicides and suicides in firearm fatalities has used soft tissue trauma analysis and autopsy reports to identify common characteristics specific to these manners of death. They have found that anatomic location of entrance trauma, bullet direction, number of shots, and range of fire are important factors in understanding this variation. Anthropological research has not explored these differences as they are expressed on the skeleton, however; knowledge of variation in skeletal gunshot trauma, between self-inflicted and other-inflicted gunshot wounds, can better equip anthropologists to report pertinent information that can lead to accurate determinations of manner of death. The current study explores the factors of anatomic location of entrance trauma, bullet direction, and number of shots, with additional consideration to fracture severity and fracture patterns, in place of range of fire. The William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection and the Antioquia Modern Skeletal Reference Collection provided a total sample of 15 suicide and 19 homicide cases for this analysis. This research found that localized entry sites to the front and right sides of the head and to the chest were common in suicides. Entries to the left and front sides of the head and to the posterior side of the head and body were common in homicides. Further analysis of sequence of shots and entry sites revealed that the front of the head, common in both homicides and suicides, was more common in secondary gunshot wounds in homicides. Bullet directions common in suicides were right to left through the sagittal plane, and anterior to posterior through the coronal plane. The left to right direction through the sagittal plane was most common for homicides, whereas the anterior to posterior and posterior to anterior directions through the coronal plane were almost equally represented in homicides. Further analysis of sequence of shots and bullet direction revealed that the anterior to posterior direction was more common in secondary gunshot wounds in homicides. The transverse plane did not show statistically significant differences between homicides and suicides for either the inferior to superior or superior to inferior directions. For number of shots, homicides more commonly expressed multiple gunshot wounds and suicides more commonly expressed single gunshot wounds. Fracture severity analyses revealed that the presence of tertiary fractures (concentric fractures) in entrance wounds was more common in suicides. The presence of secondary fractures (radiating fractures) as the most severe fracture in entrance wounds was more common in homicides. These results suggest that fracture severity is higher in suicides, based on the amount of kinetic energy dispersed at impact, although it is unclear what factor influences these differences (range of fire, type of firearm, caliber of bullet, etc.). There was also a significant difference between homicides and suicides in fracture patterns for both entrance and exit wounds. These findings are based on a small sample and should be considered with caution, especially for use in a forensic setting. Further research is crucial to better understanding the variations seen in this study. Specifically, sequencing of shots should be further explored for its utility in distinguishing homicides and suicides as well as providing a better understanding of multi-shot cases. Additionally, more research should be conducted on fracture severity and fracture patterns with specific consideration to the factors that influence the variation seen between homicides and suicides.
2031-01-01
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Alromi, Adnan Saleh. "Reduction of Road Fatalities in KSA by Strengthening the Penalty System and Education." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2017. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/362.
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Najjar, Hala M. "Using historic accident data to estimate the potential fatalities due to chemical hazards." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/36116.
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Inherent safety is that which is intrinsic to a chemical plant. Chemical plants should be designed to be acceptably safe and it is better if this can be achieved through inherent safety, which cannot be compromised, rather than added-on engineered safety. The earlier that inherent safety is considered, the greater are the benefits. The aim of this project is to develop a method which can be used to assess the inherent safety of a chemical plant, by estimating the potential number of fatalities in the event of a catastrophic accident. This method is intended for use in the early phases of design when the major decisions on the chemical process are made. In the early stages, only limited information about equipment and plant layout exist as well as the reaction chemistry and the physical, chemical and toxicity properties of the chemicals involved.
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Dejahang, Mehry. "Australian Industrial and Construction Injuries, Diseases and Fatalities; and Recommendations for Safety Practices." Thesis, Curtin University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/402.
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The construction and building industry is one of the most dangerous industries worldwide. A review of the literature indicates a direct correlation between lack of safety culture and the occurrence of accidents within this industry. As a result of this research, nine OHS management system models have been recommended which are formed from a cluster of factors and from many different disciplines to be used as an assessment tool, to prevent accidents in construction or related industries.
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Shuhaibar, Nabeel Khalil. "Road accidents in a developing country : characteristics and causes of accident rates in Kuwait." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8185.
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Williams, Faizel. "Understanding Railway Trespassing in a South African City: The Case Of Cape Town." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33094.
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Trespassing behaviour is a problem for railway operations and manifests itself through train-pedestrian collisions, incidents of theft and vandalism to rail infrastructure, as well as encroachment on railway property. The study has consisted of a quantitative and a qualitative part. The quantitative part analyses demographic, temporal and spatial data on train-pedestrian fatalities and injuries, as well as data on occurrences of theft and malicious damage to rail infrastructure in the Cape Town Functional Region between 2015 and 2018. The qualitative part presents the perspective from a diverse group of subject matter experts, having explored opinions on trespassing behaviours and preventative measures. Additionally, the trespassing behaviour at several sites was investigated and a case study evaluation of the efficacy of a pilot Rail Enforcement Unit was carried out. There were 456 railway-related deaths during the study period with 330 of this being train-pedestrian collisions. There were 4715 occurrences of theft and malicious damage to railway assets over the period. Several hot-spot areas were identified via the data and interviews with experts and several sites chosen for further verification. Site visits confirmed widespread trespassing behaviours with the two worst locations recording an average of over 300 persons in a 15-minute period. The case study reviewing the effectiveness of the security and enforcement countermeasure revealed that occurrences of train-pedestrian incidents, as well as security occurrences have increased by 1.4% and 7.5% respectively. Evidence of geographical displacement of crime is evident, suggesting that enforcement countermeasures are temporarily effective and need to be considered in combination with other measures to ensure its durability. In conclusion, this research presents a detailed analysis of railway trespassing and its main effects in order to understand the problem locally. Different approaches are required to combat the various guises of railway trespassing. Certain countermeasures may well be within the rail operator's remit, but essentially, the nature of problems experienced by the rail operator is beyond a rail problem, and requires a systems approach involving multiple authorities
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Haines, Fiona Sally. "The show must go on : organizational responses to traumatic employee fatalities within multiple employer worksites /." Connect to thesis, 1995. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000634.
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Malomane, Rixongile. "Investigating the role of alcohol in road traffic collision fatalities in Western Cape, South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32791.
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Road traffic collisions (RTCs) are a major contributor to unnatural death worldwide, but especially in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs) where motorised transport has rapidly expanded. A literature review into RTCs and alcohol indicated that it is well recognised that alcohol intoxication is a key risk factor in RTCs and road traffic fatalities (RTFs). It also indicated that literature concerning the role of alcohol intoxication in RTFs in South Africa is limited. Hence, this study aimed to investigate alcohol in RTF victims in five of the major mortuaries (Salt River, Tygerberg, Paarl, Worcester and George) in the Western Cape Province between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2017. Cases were extracted from the Western Cape Forensic Pathology Service (FPS) internal database, which included demographic and crash information, together with blood alcohol concentration (BAC) results. In total, 2079 cases over the two years were included in the study, with most cases admitted in the metropole of Cape Town (Salt River: n=838, Tygerberg: n=693). The proportion of unnatural deaths were greater outside the metropole (George, Worcester and Paarl) compared to the metropole (Salt River and Tygerberg) areas. The majority of fatalities were male individuals (male to female ratio of 3.52:1), with the average age of 35.2 ± 17.2 years. Most victims were pedestrians (n = 1106; 53.7%) and dark wet roads, and highways were noted as risk factors in RTFs. Blood was submitted for alcohol analysis in 1432 (68.9%) cases, and results were available for 1314 (91.8%) cases. Of the available results, 709 cases (54%) were positive for alcohol (BAC of ≥ 0.01g/100 mL). Of the positive cases, most had a BAC between 0.15 and 0.29 g/100mL and the overall average BAC was 0.20 g/100 mL. Pedestrians and drivers had the highest median BACs, and almost a third of all the positive BAC results were from pedestrian deaths. The findings of this dissertation can contribute to the growing research on alcohol and injury in South Africa, especially as it relates to RTFs. Insight into vulnerable populations within the province is highlighted, together with key risk factors associated with RTFs, as well as safety measures that may be targeted for improvement, especially with regards to driving and walking on the roads while intoxicated.
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Golizadeh, Hamed. "Adoption of building information modelling innovations to reduce occupational fatalities in the Australian construction industry." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/133919/1/Hamed%20Golizadeh%20Thesis_Redacted.pdf.
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The potential uses of building information modelling (BIM) can drastically alter the occupational health and safety (OHS) practices in the construction industry. However, there is no established framework to employ BIM for construction OHS management. A mixed methods research design was adopted to address this research gap. Case study analysis, semi-structured interviews, and a questionnaire survey were conducted to develop the innovation adoption model of this research. The most significant contributions of this research are the identification of the critical areas in construction accidents, the effectiveness of BIM applications in these areas, and success factors for the adoption of BIM.
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Åhström, Lisa. "Traffic Safety in Economic Development : A Case Study of the United Arab Emirates." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-345.
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The transportation system is a growing concern as economic development progresses. It has become one of the major causes of air pollution as well as deaths world-wide. Hence, the transportation system is not a sustainable path in the world today. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a fast developing economy with poor traffic safety. Hence, the purpose of the thesis is to examine the relationship between economic development and traffic safety in the UAE. This is achieved with the support of the Kuznetz Curve Hypothesis, which indicates a positive relationship between economic development and road traffic fatalities initially. However, it will come to change into a negative relationship as the economy develops further. In addition, Institutional Theory states that institutions and organizations contribute to a successful economic development. In order to identify the development of traffic safety in the UAE, the characteristics concerning the issue in the country must be defined. Hence, a comprehensive analysis of the traffic safety in the UAE is carried out with the support of the Kuznetz Curve Hypothesis and Institutional Theory. A regression analysis confirms that there is a relationship between traffic fatalities and economic development. Until today, traffic fatalities have increased with national GDP in the UAE. Yet there is no reason to believe that this relationship has changed for the better. However, according to Institutional Theory, an improvement may be achieved through active work. It is important for the public authorities in the UAE to set explicit goals, so that institutions and organizations are able to integrate and coordinate their struggle for a safer traffic.
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Öström, Mats. "Vehicle-related injuries : with emphasis on fatality prevention." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Rättsmedicin, 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101291.
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According to WHO, Sweden should aim to reduce unintentional fatalities, particularly vehicle-related injuries, by 25% by the year 2000. The aim of this thesis was to analyze vehicle-related injuries and injury events, especially the contributory effects of alcohol and disease and the injury reducing capacity of helmets and airbags in order to point out some preventive measures. Alcohol: Alcohol is the main contributing factor in fatal traffic crashes. In a study on 121 traffic fatalities in Washtenaw County, Michigan, USA, different sources of data for alcohol involvement were compared. In police reports alcohol involvement was found in 51% of the fatalities, in autopsy reports in 63%, and in hospital emergency records in 91%. To avoid bias in the estimation of the fraction of alcohol-related fatalities, it is important to routinely investigate all severe and fatally injured cases in traffic crashes, ideally as soon as possible after the crash. In a study on traumatic car fatalities (n=597) in northern Sweden, 58% of the single vehicle (SV) drivers were inebriated (multi-vehicle, MV 10%), the mean blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was 1.9 g /l (MV 1.6 g/1), and liver steatosis was found in 37% of the cases (MV 2%). Increased BAC was associated with fatty liver, indicating chronic alcohol abuse. To reduce injuries among these types of victims, passive protection is of great importance. Disease: Autopsied drivers (n=126) in northern Sweden who had died from natural causes in traffic were studied. This fraction was 25% of all driver fatalities. Cardiovascular causes of death were found in 96% of the deceased. Neither the victims nor other occupants suffered severe traumatic injuries. A minority of the victims had experienced previous symtoms of disease. Further restriction of individuals with, for example, cardiovascular diseases would probably have no significant impact on traffic safety since at present the identification of high-risk individuals is difficult. Helmets: Head injuries in 948 injured bicyclists, including 105 fatalities, were analysed. Head/face injuries were found in 64% of the fatal and 38% of the nonfatal cases with a median age of 55 years and 18 years, respectively. Head trauma was mostly blunt with only a few severe face injuries. Of the nonfatal cases with head injuries, 48% might have had an injury reduction effect if a bicycle helmet had been used, compared with 67% of the fatalities with head injuries. A helmet with a hard shell, chin cover, accurate retention system, that reduces rotation and translation impact is recommended. To increase helmet use among bicyclists, a law is probably the most effective measure as has been shown for motorcyclists. However, head injuries were less frequent among snowmobile riders than among bicyclist and motorcyclist riders, and in most cases the snowmobile riders with head injuries but without helmet had broken other traffic laws, indicating that in this crash category there was a low compliance to compulsary laws. Airbags: In a field study of car crashes where an airbag deployed, the effectiveness of the bag, as well as injuries to the skin and eye from the deployment of the bag, is reported. In laboratory tests with airbag deployment on human volunteers, tethering was found to eliminate skin abrasion within a distance of 250-300 mm. At a distance of 225 mm, the folding technique had the optimal influence on abrasions followed by a marginal effect of tethering. However, injuries due to airbag deployment must be considered as negligible compared with the airbag's role in reduction of severe and fatal injuries.Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1993, härtill 7 uppsatser.
digitalisering@umu
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Johnston, G. M. "The Confidential Enquiry into Perioperative Equine Fatalities : a prospective multicentre cohort study of equine perioperative mortality." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.605659.
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The Confidential Enquiry into Perioperative Equine Fatalities (CEPEF) was a prospective multicentre cohort study of equine perioperative mortality within seven days of surgery. The study was designed to establish the incidence of equine perioperative morality and identify any predisposing risk factors for non-colic surgery. Records of 41,787 operations under general anaesthesia were submitted by 149 clinics from 19 countries from 1991 to 1996. The total mortality from perioperative complications was 1.9%. The death rate in the 35,927 non-colic operations was 0.95 and was 7.95 for the 5,833 colics. Twenty two different causes of death were identified for non-colics. The most common causes of death were cardiac arrest (32.82%), fracture (23.31%) and myopathy (7.06%). The signalment of the patients undergoing colic surgery were found to be very different from non-colics. Univariate analysis of non-colics for all types of death identified numerous risk factors which were associated with increased or decreased risk of death including age of the patient, drugs used for sedation and induction, clinic type, operation, and day of the week. The most frequent cause of death in equidae, intraoperative cardiac arrest (0.33%), was examined in greater detail in non-colics. Multivariable models were built using logistic regression for two groups of patients; all non colics and a second model for those who received only inhalation maintenance agents. The final model for both groups which included variables for age and gender demonstrated that sedative premedication, induction agent, type of clinic, starting time of anaesthesia, body position and day of the week were all associated with death from cardiac arrest.
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Pedersen, Caroline Louise Charlotte. "Development of a coding system to accurately categorize the causes of construction fatalities and serious injuries." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/8254.
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Musa, Kamarul Imran. "Modelling of risk factors, case-fatalities, survival and functional health status for stroke in Kelantan, Malaysia." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2017. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/85712/.
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Stroke is an important public health problem worldwide. It is a non-communicable disease of increasing importance in the ageing population. There are four major types of stroke: a) ischaemic stroke, b) primary intracerebral haemorrhage, c) subarachnoid haemorrhage and d) undetermined stroke (no computed tomography [CT], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], autopsy or cerebral angiography). The risk factors and fatalities for stroke vary worldwide and stroke accounts for about 9.7% of all deaths worldwide. Unfortunately, most stroke deaths occur in the less developed countries, where stroke research is scanty. Patients who survive stroke will have a wide range of functional limitations that affect their daily activities. To date, only few reliable data are available for identifying the risk factors and understanding the stroke fatalities in the low- and middle-income countries. The effect of stroke on daily activities is also understudied. Measuring the effect of stroke on daily activities is important to evaluate the recovery process. Understanding the factors affecting daily activities post-stroke helps identify areas where intervention may benefit stroke survivors the most. In this thesis, I have worked on the questions that will improve my knowledge and understanding of the natural history of stroke in the state of Kelantan, Malaysia. In this study, we posed questions to subjects from the population of interest to reflect our results across the greater Kelantan population to develop a model of risk factors for stroke, models of case-fatalities and survival to compare the characteristics and outcomes of two main types of stroke, i.e. ischaemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke, and lastly to assess the longitudinal change in functional health status using the Barthel Index post-stroke. This thesis includes four draft papers, in which several modelling data collection and data analysis strategies were applied to four datasets: one was provided by the hospitals, two were extracted by us and the final one was based on personal interviews with stroke survivors. The first draft paper is based on an observational study using data from the records offices of two major hospitals in Kelantan. In this paper, I analysed and modelled the risk factors for stroke using a case–control study design. This dataset contained individual-level variables (patient variables from hospitals) and area-level variables supplied by the Department of Statistics, Malaysia, and we utilised logistic regression to model the risk factors for stroke. In the results, we showed the non-linear relationship between age and odds for stroke and the interaction of age with sex in the model. In the second draft paper, we explored the important prognostic factors for in-hospital stroke fatalities. Using Cox proportional hazard regression, we found that the only two independent prognostic factors for stroke fatality in the hospitals were: a) stroke subtype and b) age. To further investigate the different prognostic effect of stroke subtype on admission and on fatality, we recruited consecutive in-hospital stroke patients. In the analysis, we performed Cox proportional hazard regression to quantify the odds of stroke fatality for: a) ischaemic stroke and b) haemorrhagic stroke. In this third draft paper, we showed the prognostic effect of stroke subtype on stroke fatality. In the fourth draft paper, we recruited stroke patients and interviewed them on three occasions. In this longitudinal assessment, we assessed the functional health status of stroke patients until 3 months after hospital discharge. I conducted all interviews and assessed the functional outcome using the well-known Barthel Index. Considering the longitudinal format of the data, we used the linear mixed effect model to model the rate of change of the Barthel Index at the three measurement occasions. We have identified several limitations in this PhD project and have taken several measures to minimize the biases caused by those limitations. The limitations include the need for us to do handsearching for data abstraction, potential informative censoring due to our study design and short follow-up times, limited generalizability of results, small sample sizes, missing observations, missing important variables (to be modelled as covariates), absence of residential coordinates and using data on arrival to Emergency department (no pre-arrival data). If the censoring mechanism provides significant information with time (T), numerical estimates from Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression are biased. The new knowledge stemming from the stroke modelling and outcome assessment developed and analysed in this thesis could help improve our understanding of stroke in Kelantan. The thesis will also improve our understanding and knowledge of the natural history of the disease, i.e. the progression from risk factors to outcome (fatality or functional residuals) after stroke. In conclusion, our data and the four draft papers written based on this PhD project have added new stroke data and knowledge on the progression of stroke, which is understated in the Malaysian and Asian population in general and in Kelantan specifically.
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Anderson, Evan D. "The Relationship Between Laws Regulating Use of Mobile Communication Devices by Young Drivers and Crash Fatalities." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/309849.
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Public HealthPh.D.
The use of mobile communication devices (MCDs) by drivers is a significant public health problem. Research suggests that MCD use plays a role in almost 400,000 traffic crashes each year, resulting in over 3,000 deaths (NHTSA, 2013). Drivers using an MCD are as much as four times more likely to crash as other motorists (Redelmeier & Tibshirani, 1997). Since 2001 forty-eight states have adopted one or more laws aimed at reducing the use of MCDs by drivers, many of which have been strengthened through subsequent amendments. Evaluations have yielded a mixed picture of their effectiveness (Braitman & McCartt, 2010; Highway Loss Data Institute, 2010; McCartt & Geary, 2004; McCartt, Hellinga, Strouse, & Farmer, 2010). Existing studies, however, have been limited by various design features. This study employs time-series methods to explore whether laws prohibiting use of MCDs by young drivers effectively reduce crash fatalities. The quasi-experimental design relies on an identification strategy that is common in empirical legal studies but has not yet been applied to laws regulating driver MCD use. The implementation of the identification strategy leverages the developing concept of legal epidemiology. Four state laws are ultimately evaluated. The primary analytic approach is difference-in-difference. In two of the four instances, there is some evidence suggesting a protective effect could be attributed to the law. However, this evidence was limited and differed in relation to specification choices. These findings cast doubt on some fifty state panel analyses that have suggested that laws are effectively decreasing MCD use and associated harms.
Temple University--Theses
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LaForte, Josette M. "A study of current efforts at minimizing the occurrence of agricultural child-related injuries and fatalities." Online version, 2003. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2003/2003lafortej.pdf.
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McLean, Colin. "Occupational fatalities in Victoria 1990-1993 : a case for the control of damaging energy not behaviour." Thesis, The Author [Mt. Helen, Vic.] :, 1993. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/56124.
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"The aim of the study is to analyse occupational traumatic fatalities in Victoria from the period 1990 through to 1993, to identify opportunities for prevention."Thesis (Master of Applied Science)
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Wichers, Ansie. "Firearm fatalities examined at Salt River Medico-Legal Laboratory in 2009 and their investigative outcome by 2014." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21373.
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South Africa has a very long history of gun violence, particularly politically motivated. The politically motivated gun violence did subside after 1994, however there was an increase in criminal gun violence. In 2004 Dr Liebenberg from the University of Cape Town conducted a study on the victimology and investigative outcomes of firearm deaths of 1999 in the Salt River Medico - Legal Laboratory drainage area. There were some compelling results, including a remarkably low conviction rate of 7.21%. In 2000 new legislation was enacted, which is the Firearms Control Act (1) of 2000 and from 2001 to 2005 there was a 13.6% decrease in firearm homicides which was consistent after the introduction of the new act, likely due to the decrease in the number of firearms in circulation. Because of the changes in firearm legislation and reported crime rates, it was decided to conduct a follow - up study one decade later, looking at the investigative outcomes of firearm deaths to see whether the decreased contribution of firearms in homicides and crime made an impact on the investigative and judicial process of the Salt River Medico - Legal Laboratory cases. In 2009 there were 281 firearm deaths investigated at Salt River Medico - Legal Laboratory as opposed to 532 in 1999. In 1999, 89.29% of firearm deaths were due to homicide as opposed to 86.12% in 2009. In 1999 the majority of firearm homicide victims were Black and Coloured males between the ages of 21 and 30 years, this is similar to what is seen in 2009, however there were fewer Coloured victims in 2009. In both years homicides occurred more often on weekends, at night time. In 1999 there were peaks in May and then from October through to December. In 2009 however, the peaks were in March, May and August. One might thin k that with such a large decrease in the number of firearm deaths (not considering other crime trends), the criminal justice system might have fewer cases to investigate and prosecute and that the investigative outcomes (particularly conviction rate) of th ese cases might improve. Even though there was a significant drop in the number of firearm deaths in 2009, there has been no improvement in the conviction rate, with 2009 having a rate of 5.69%. The number of cases still being investigated was also similar at 104 cases (37.01%) for 2009 versus 182 cases (34.54%) for 1999. In 2009 only 58 (20.64%) cases completed the judicial process by 2014, which includes the 16 cases (5.69%) that ended in a guilty verdict, 18 (6.41%) cases where a suspect was acquitted (not guilty) and also 24 (8.54%) cases that were withdrawn in court. Of the 281 cases for 2009, 10 (3.56%) were still in court, which was significantly less than the 59 (11.20%) cases in 1999. From 2009 there were 87 cases that reached an impasse (30.96%) by 2014, as opposed to the 114 (21.63%) cases from 1999 by 2004, which is a statistically significant difference.
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Matthews, Tasneem. "An investigation of firearm-related injuries and fatalities amongst children in the Cape Metropolitan Area (2001-2006)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3428.
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