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Journal articles on the topic 'Fat performance'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Jeukendrup, Asker E. "Dietary fat and physical performance." Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 2, no. 6 (November 1999): 521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00075197-199911000-00016.

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2

Macaluso, Filippo, Rosario Barone, Patrizia Catanese, Francesco Carini, Luigi Rizzuto, Felicia Farina, and Valentina Di Felice. "Do Fat Supplements Increase Physical Performance?" Nutrients 5, no. 2 (February 7, 2013): 509–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu5020509.

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3

Noakes, Timothy. "Fat adaptation and prolonged exercise performance." Journal of Applied Physiology 96, no. 3 (March 2004): 1243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01232.2003.

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4

Jeukendrup, Asker E., and Sarah Aldred. "Fat supplementation, health, and endurance performance." Nutrition 20, no. 7-8 (July 2004): 678–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.018.

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5

Thaler, R. C., G. L. Allee, and Jim L. Nelssen. "Effect of fat source and fat combinations on starter pig performance." Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, no. 10 (January 1, 1988): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.6265.

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6

Lim, Chansook. "Effects of Packet-Scatter on TCP Performance in Fat-Tree." Journal of the Institute of Webcasting, Internet and Telecommunication 12, no. 6 (December 31, 2012): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7236/jiwit.2012.12.6.215.

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7

Heger, J., M. Wiltafsky, and J. Zelenka. "Impact of dıfferent processıng of full-fat soybeans on broiler performance." Czech Journal of Animal Science 61, No. 2 (July 15, 2016): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/8728-cjas.

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8

Davies, D. A. R., C. B. Gallo, B. W. Butler-Hogg, and P. Buxton. "Carcass fat quality and performance of lambs given diets containing protected fat." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1988 (March 1988): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600016998.

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Protected fat has been used successfully in diets for lactating and growing ruminants. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of including a source of protected fat - Megalac ® -in complete diets for artificially reared lambs.The trial involved 39 lambs which were weaned at 30 to 35 days following a period of artificial rearing on a ewe milk replacer containing 60 g fat per kg and fed at a restricted level.The lambs were penned individually on sawdust and were given access to one of three complete diets from 20 days of age. The diets were in pellet form and differed mainly in the level of Megalac included (Table 1). Megalac is a protected fat which is a calcium soap and contains (g/kg) oil 850, calcium 90 and has the approximate fatty acid composition (g/kg) C14 15, C16 110, C18 50, C18:1 400, C18:2 95. Lambs were allocated to diets within blocks which varied according to sex (entire male or female) and breed (Cambridge or Suffolk x Cambridge).

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Bonetti, Antonio. "VERY LOW FAT DIET, HEALTH, AND PERFORMANCE." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 39, no. 3 (March 2007): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31802df14c.

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10

WULFF HELGE, J??RN. "Long-term fat diet adaptation effects on performance, training capacity, and fat utilization." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 34, no. 9 (September 2002): 1499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200209000-00016.

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11

AL-Jaf, Barzan Fadhl Farıq AL-Jaf, Muhammet Ali Kara Kara, and Rozhgar B. Saeed Saeed. "Effects of Different Vegetable Oils and Animal Fat on Performance of Broiler Chicks." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 2ndInt.Conf.AGR, Special Issue (February 6, 2018): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10687.

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12

shaw, cameron. "Suzanne Lacy: Chewing More Than the Fat." Gastronomica 12, no. 2 (2012): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2012.12.2.10.

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This article looks at the work of Suzanne Lacy, an artist who emerged from the Feminist Art Program at the California Institute of the Arts in the early 1970s. It focuses on key examples of Lacy's large-scale dinners, including the food-based performance network staged in conjunction with the opening of The Dinner Party by Judy Chicago at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art in 1979. This article argues that these dinners served to transition Lacy from an early performance practice centered on rape and violence against women to the later coalition-building exercises that helped define “new genre public art.” Drawing on interviews with the artist, it traces the use of meat and foodstuffs in Lacy's practice, beginning with beef kidneys in 1972. Much prior writing on Lacy investigates her performances of the 1970s. This article examines the way in which Lacy used elements of these performances, namely food, to further understand the roles of relationships and conversation in art.

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13

Li, Wenjuan, Hui Tao, Tao Ma, Naifeng Zhang, Kaidong Deng, and Qiyu Diao. "Effect of fat levels in early phase on growth performance and meat characteristics in twin lambs." Czech Journal of Animal Science 66, No. 6 (May 30, 2021): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/177/2020-cjas.

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This experiment aims to study the effects of dietary fat level during the suckling period on growth performance and meat characteristics in twin lambs. Thirty pairs of male twin Hu lambs were divided into two groups, namely high fat (HF) and normal fat (NF). Lambs in the HF group were fed milk replacer and starter containing 26.89% and 5.07% of fat, whereas those in the NF group were fed milk replacer and starter containing 15.15% and 2.80% of fat, respectively, from eight to 60 days of age. From 60 to 120 days of age, all lambs were fed a starter feed containing 2.80% fat. The results showed that lambs fed HF diet had higher body weight (12.78 kg versus 11.63 kg, P = 0.020), average daily gain (162.4 g/day versus 141.1 g/day, P = 0.019), apparent digestibility of organic matter (P = 0.018) and gross energy (P < 0.001). No difference was observed between HF and NF group in slaughter performance during eight to 60 days of age. Lambs fed HF diet had higher body weight at 120 days of age (P = 0.035). However, no difference was observed in nutrient digestibility, slaughter performance or meat quality at 120 days of age. In summary, the HF diet in the suckling period showed long-lasting beneficial effects on the growth performance of lambs.

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14

Kiens, Bente, and Jørn W. Helge. "Effect of high-fat diets on exercise performance." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 57, no. 01 (February 1998): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns19980012.

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15

Akki, Ashwin, and Anne-Marie L. Seymour. "Cardiac performance is reduced following high-fat diet." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 40, no. 6 (June 2006): 933–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2006.03.052.

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16

Godoi, Fernanda Nascimento de, Fernando Queiroz de Almeida, Eduardo Xavier Ferreira Migon, Hélio Fernando Moura de Almeida, Ana Beatriz Fonseca Monteiro, and Tiago Marques dos Santos. "Performance of eventing horses fed high fat diet." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 39, no. 2 (February 2010): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982010000200016.

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The objective of this study was to the evaluate physiological, hematological and biochemical parameters of eventing horses fed diets containing soybean oil and submitted to physical effort tests. Twelve horses were used in a completely randomized design with two diets and six replications. The diets used were: diet without soybean oil inclusion (control) and diet with inclusion of 10% soybean oil. The experiment lasted 82 days, with three exercise tests: at the beginning, 60th and 82th day of the experiment. There were five data collections for each test: before the test with the horses at rest, immediately after the test, and at 10, 20 and 120 minutes after each test. Body temperature and rate heart were taken and blood samples were collected to evaluate hematological and biochemical variables.The mean values of the physiological, metalogical and biochemical parameters were submitted to non-parametric analysis.The inclusion of soybean oil only altered the γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and creatinine concentration in function time of intake of the diet. There was effect of trainings time on the horses conditioning that improved with reduction in the lactate concentration while the glucose concentration increased at the last exercise test.

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17

Kiens, Bente, and Arne Astrup. "Ketogenic Diets for Fat Loss and Exercise Performance." Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 43, no. 3 (July 2015): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/jes.0000000000000053.

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18

Lim, Chansook. "Effects of Link Failures on Performance of Packet Scatter Schemes in Fat-Trees." Journal of the Institute of Webcasting, Internet and Telecommunication 13, no. 4 (August 31, 2013): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7236/jiibc.2013.13.4.9.

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19

Smith, Erika B., David M. Barbano, Joanna M. Lynch, and J. Richard Fleming. "Performance of Homogenizers in Infrared Milk Analyzers: A Survey." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 76, no. 5 (September 1, 1993): 1033–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/76.5.1033.

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Abstract The objective of this survey was to determine if infrared milk analyzers can achieve a <0.05% difference in fat test between unhomogenized and homogenized portions of the same milk, as stated in official methods. Two batches of pasteurized, unhomogenized milk (3 and 6% fat) were prepared from a single source of raw cream and skim. Homogenized milks were produced at 3 pressures: 0, 10342, and 17238 kPa. Pairs of unhomogenized and homogenized portions of the same milk were tested on 22 infrared analyzers. More instruments exceeded the 0.05% difference between homogenized and unhomogenized milk than expected; differences between homogenized and unhomogenized milk increased with increasing homogenization pressure and fat concentration. At 3% fat, differences between homogenized and unhomogenized milks at both 10342 and 17238 kPa were <0.05% for 21 of 22 instruments for fat A; only 17 and 13 of 22 instruments for fat B achieved a difference of <0.05% at 10342 and 17238 kPa, respectively. At 6% fat, differences between homogenized and unhomogenized milks for fat A were <0.05% for 15 and 14 of 22 instruments at the 2 pressures, respectively. For fat B, 8 and 5 of 22 instruments achieved a difference of <0.05% at 10432 and 17238 kPa. Instruments were also evaluated for homogenization efficiency by a revised criterion that is dependent on the fat content of the samples used for the evaluation.

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20

CHEN, KEVIN F., and EDWIN H. M. SHA. "UNIVERSAL ROUTING AND PERFORMANCE ASSURANCE FOR DISTRIBUTED NETWORKS." Journal of Interconnection Networks 08, no. 01 (March 2007): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219265907001886.

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We show that universal routing can be achieved with low overhead in distributed networks. The validity of our results rests on a new network called the fat-stack. We show that from a routing perspective the fat-stack is efficient and is suitable for use as a baseline distributed network and as a crucial benchmark architecture for evaluating the performance of specific distributed networks. We show that the fat-stack is efficient by proving it is universal. A requirement for the fat-stack to be universal is that link capacities double up the levels of the network. We use methods developed in the areas of VLSI and processor interconnect for much of our analysis. We then show how to scale the fat-stack from a VLSI graph layout to a large-scale distributed topology and how the network can be an effective benchmark architecture. Our universality proofs show that a fat-stack of area Θ(A) can simulate any competing network of area A with [Formula: see text] overhead independently of wire delay. The universality result implies that the fat-stack of a given size is nearly the best routing network of that size. The fat-stack is also the minimal universal network for an [Formula: see text] overhead in terms of number of links. Actual simulations show that the fat-stack outperforms a mesh-based distributed network of comparable hardware usage. Our work helps explain why some deployed networks function in the way they do in terms of routing. It also provides an exemplary network of proven efficiency and scalability for building new distributed systems.

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21

Flegg, Daniel C., Jessica A. Insogna, Ryan E. R. Reid, Patrick Delisle-Houde, and Ross E. Andersen. "Differences in Total Body Fat and Body Fat Percentage Between Performance and Aesthetic Collegiate Athletes." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 49, no. 5S (May 2017): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000517584.58058.00.

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22

Garcia-Macias, Paulina, Michael H. Gordon, Richard A. Frazier, Kevin Smith, and Luisa Gambelli. "Performance of palm-based fat blends with a low saturated fat content in puff pastry." European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 113, no. 12 (November 2, 2011): 1474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201100075.

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23

Collins, C. L., A. C. Philpotts, and D. J. Henman. "Improving growth performance of finisher pigs with high fat diets." Animal Production Science 49, no. 3 (2009): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08243.

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A total of 1296 pigs (Large White × Landrace) were selected at 16 weeks of age and used to investigate the effects of supplemental dietary fat concentration on finisher growth performance. Pigs were selected at an average weight of 64.0 kg and allocated to a 2 × 6 factorial experiment with the respective factors being sex (entire male and female) and supplemental dietary fat concentration (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6% added tallow). All pigs were offered the respective diets ad libitum from 16 weeks of age through to slaughter at 21 weeks of age. Over the entire 5-week period, feed : gain ratio improved linearly with increasing supplemental fat concentration (P < 0.001), reducing from 2.60 to 2.44 with an increase in dietary fat concentration from 1 to 6%. Improvements in daily gain were more pronounced during the initial 14-day feeding period, increasing linearly (P = 0.002) from 844 g/day (1% fat) to 942 g/day (6% fat). Carcass weight also improved linearly (P = 0.009), increasing from 74.1 kg (1% fat) to 75.8 kg (6% fat). A greater response was observed in the males, with an increase in supplemental fat concentration from 1 to 6% improving daily gain by 7%, reducing the feed: gain ratio from 2.55 to 2.31 and improving profit per pig by AU$4.17. The effects of increasing dietary fat concentration were more moderate in females, with potential profit increases of AU$1.47. These results suggest that adding up to 6% supplemental fat to finisher diets improves profit under Australian conditions, with the benefits greater in male than female pigs. The economic impact of such a feeding strategy will, however, depend on the pig’s genetic propensity for fat deposition and the pricing system in which the pigs are sold.

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24

Landers, M. J. F., E. Butterbrod, W. De Baene, M. M. Sitskoorn, and G. M. Rutten. "P01.11.A Perioperative executive functioning in patients with low-grade gliomas near the Frontal Aslant Tract." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_2 (September 1, 2022): ii26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac174.083.

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Abstract Background A tract potentially involved in important executive cognitive processes is the Frontal Aslant Tract (FAT). In particular the right FAT has been associated with executive functioning (EF). In neurosurgery, it remains unclear if patients with tumors near the FAT demonstrate EF impairments after resection. This study investigated whether low grade gliomas (LGG) that affect the core white matter and/or structural integrity of the FAT predict preoperative and 3 months postoperative EF, when controlled for tumor volume and the integrity of other nearby tracts (SLF II and SLF III). Material and Methods Data was analyzed from patients with frontal and parietal LGG who underwent surgery between 2010-2021. Probabilistic tractography was performed prior to surgery to generate preoperative tracts of the FAT, SLF II and SLF III. The core of the FAT was defined as the white matter between the seed and the target region. Average mean diffusivity for each tract was taken as a measure of structural integrity. EF was assessed one day before and 3 months post-surgery with the following tests: Stroop test, symbol digit coding test (SDC), shifting attention test (SAT), and letter fluency test (LF). We performed linear mixed models and linear regression analyses to investigate the relationship between presurgical tumor overlap with the core of the FAT and FAT integrity with pre- and postsurgical executive test performances. Results Seventy-five patients were included (left tumor N=39, right tumor N=36). Mean pre-surgical Z-scores were within 0.5 standard deviation from a healthy control group for all tests, but with substantial variance between patients (Z-score range:-3.59 to 2.4). The results demonstrated that core overlap of the right FAT predicted preoperative performance on the SAT (p<.01, β= -.473), Stroop (p<.01, β= -.519), and SDC (p<.01, β= -.519). Right or left core overlap did not significantly predict performance three months after surgery. FAT integrity did not predict preoperative EF performance, whereas it did predict SAT performance at three months post-surgical (p<.01, β= -.694) when controlled for SLF II, III integrity and tumor volume. Conclusion Although patients with frontal or parietal LGG showed no dysfunction on tests of EF before surgery on group level, they demonstrated large variability between patients. Tumor overlap with the core of the right FAT predicted worse presurgical EF performances, but not short-term post-surgical performances. Right FAT integrity predicted short-term post-surgical performance on cognitive flexibility. These results are in line with previous findings that the right FAT is involved in EF and indicate that preoperative FAT integrity might predict which patients will perform worse after surgery.

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25

Love, Heather L., Corilee A. Watters, and Wei-Ching Chang. "Meal Composition And Shift Work Performance." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 66, no. 1 (March 2005): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/66.1.2005.38.

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Research indicates that the ability to perform a task can be affected by the composition of the meal preceding the task. This study investigated the effect of shift workers’ consumption of a medium-fat, medium-carbohydrate meal on alertness scores. Six subjects (four men, two women) aged 19 to 44 recorded food intake, sleep, and quality of sleep for two weeks, and measured their body temperature and performed cognitive tests during two night shifts at baseline and in test periods. The Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) was used to quantify sleepiness, and a Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) was used to measure cognitive performance. In comparison with the score at baseline, when subjects had a low-fat, high-carbohydrate dietary intake (1,335 kcal/5,588 kJ, 56% carbohydrate, 28% fat), the 1.6-second PASAT score improved significantly (p=0.042) during night shifts when subjects consumed a test meal (987 kcal/4,131 kJ, 46% carbohydrate, 42% fat). No statistically significant difference in SSS was found between baseline and test periods. The reduced body temperature between 2400 hours and 0530 hours was similar for both baseline and test periods. Meal composition and size during night shifts may affect cognitive performance.

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26

Orire, A. M., and S. O. Fawole. "Growth Performance of Clarias gariepinus Fed Dietary Milk Fat." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 11, no. 11 (October 15, 2012): 1041–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2012.1041.1043.

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27

Turlington, W. H., G. L. Allee, and Jim L. Nelssen. "Effect of fat source on performance of weaned pigs." Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, no. 10 (January 1, 1987): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.6193.

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28

De Fries, C. A., D. A. Neuendorff, and R. D. Randel. "Fat supplementation influences postpartum reproductive performance in Brahman cows." Journal of Animal Science 76, no. 3 (1998): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/1998.763864x.

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29

., S. G. Zou, and Y. Z. Wu . "Effects of Supplemental Fat on Performance of Laying Hens." International Journal of Poultry Science 4, no. 12 (November 15, 2005): 998–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2005.998.1000.

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30

Koscki, Ann M., Irvin E. Faria, and Roberto Quintana. "The Relationship Between Fat Oxidation And Marathon Running Performance." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 37, Supplement (May 2005): S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200505001-00157.

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31

Koscki, Ann M., Irvin E. Faria, and Roberto Quintana. "The Relationship Between Fat Oxidation And Marathon Running Performance." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 37, Supplement (May 2005): S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200505001-00157.

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32

Aristotelis, Gioldasis, Bekris Evangelos, Komsis Stergios, Gissis Ioannis, and Alipasali Foteini. "Does Body Fat Affect Performance Indicators in Youth Soccer?" British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science 5, no. 1 (January 10, 2015): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjesbs/2015/13389.

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33

Forechi, Avelino, Alberto F. De Souza, Jorcy de Oliveira Neto, Edilson de Aguiar, Claudine Badue, Artur d’Avila Garcez, and Thiago Oliveira-Santos. "Fat-Fast VG-RAM WNN: A high performance approach." Neurocomputing 183 (March 2016): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2015.06.104.

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34

Izadifard, J., and M. J. Zamiri. "Lactation performance of two Iranian fat-tailed sheep breeds." Small Ruminant Research 24, no. 2 (March 1997): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4488(96)00923-6.

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35

Hostens, M., V. Fievez, J. L. M. R. Leroy, E. J. van de Burgwal, B. Van Ranst, B. Vlaeminck, and G. Opsomer. "Milk fat saturation and reproductive performance in dairy cattle." Animal Reproduction Science 141, no. 3-4 (October 2013): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.08.001.

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36

(Soebarinoto), Soebarinoto, T. Y. Astuti, Hermanto (Hermanto), and Marjuki (Marjuki). "Effects of Traditional Medicine on Fat-Tailed Sheep's Performance." Buletin Peternakan, no. - (April 4, 2004): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v0i-.5066.

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37

Mamalis, B. "Optimal High-Performance Parallel Text Retrieval via Fat-Trees." Theory of Computing Systems 32, no. 6 (November 12, 1999): 591–623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002240000133.

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38

Khuleel, Rafh Mohammed Taher. "Relationship Between Body Composition and Performance of Local Turkey." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 16 (January 1, 2011): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol16iss0pp75-81.

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This study examined the relationship between carcass composition and performance traits of local turkey fed starter diet (30.2% protein, 2950 kcal/kg ME). At 8 week of age, male and female chicks were separated and reared in individual cages until 16 weeks of age. At the end of the experiment, the birds were slaughtered and carcasses were analyzed for chemical composition to predict chemical composition (moisture, ash, protein and fat) from performance traits such as initial body weight (g) at 8wk, final live body weight (g) at 16wk, daily weight gain (g), daily feed intake (g), feed conversion ratio, daily protein intake (g), protein conversion ratio, dressing-out percentage. There were significant correlations between moisture, protein and fat; between ash, protein, fat and dressing-out percentage; between protein, fat and dressing-out percentage; between fat, moisture, ash, protein, live body weight, feed conversion ratio, protein conversion ratio and dressing-out percentage. Although the coefficient of correlation (R2) for prediction equations was not high, the moisture content equation depends on feed conversion ratio while for ash, protein and fat depends on dressing-out percentage.

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39

Kim, Jooyoung, Wi-Young So, and Sangwoon Kim. "Association between Body Fat Percentage and Physical Performance in Male Korean Police Officers." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 9, 2020): 3868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093868.

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Body composition can affect a police officer’s physical performance. We analyzed the correlation between body fat percentage (%fat) and physical performance in 326 male Korean police officers (age, 44.2 ± 9.2 years; height, 174.0 ± 4.5 cm; weight, 76.4 ± 8.8 kg) who were classified into two groups according to their %fat: high-fat (HFG, %fat ≥ 25%; n = 135) and low-fat (LFG, %fat < 25%; n = 191). Physical performance tests included a 100-m sprint, push-ups, sit-ups, and a hand-grip strength test. The results showed significant differences in performance between the groups in the 100-m sprint (p = 0.001) and in the sit-up test (p = 0.033), but not for push-ups (p = 0.130) or hand-grip strength (p = 0.255). A significant positive correlation was found between %fat and the 100-m sprint (r = 0.255, p < 0.000), and a negative correlation was found between %fat and push-ups (r = −0.117, p = 0.035) and sit-ups (r = −0.199, p < 0.000). However, there was no significant correlation between %fat and hand-grip strength (r = −0.093, p = 0.095). To improve physical performance, an intervention training program is recommended for reducing %fat, because high levels of %fat in male Korean police officers were associated with low levels of physical performance.

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40

Stephenson, Thomas R., David W. German, E. Frances Cassirer, Daniel P. Walsh, Marcus E. Blum, Mike Cox, Kelley M. Stewart, and Kevin L. Monteith. "Linking population performance to nutritional condition in an alpine ungulate." Journal of Mammalogy 101, no. 5 (August 17, 2020): 1244–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa091.

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Abstract Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) can live in extremely harsh environments and subsist on submaintenance diets for much of the year. Under these conditions, energy stored as body fat serves as an essential reserve for supplementing dietary intake to meet metabolic demands of survival and reproduction. We developed equations to predict ingesta-free body fat in bighorn sheep using ultrasonography and condition scores in vivo and carcass measurements postmortem. We then used in vivo equations to investigate the relationships between body fat, pregnancy, overwinter survival, and population growth in free-ranging bighorn sheep in California and Nevada. Among 11 subpopulations that included alpine winter residents and migrants, mean ingesta-free body fat of lactating adult females during autumn ranged between 8.8% and 15.0%; mean body fat for nonlactating females ranged from 16.4% to 20.9%. In adult females, ingesta-free body fat > 7.7% during January (early in the second trimester) corresponded with a > 90% probability of pregnancy and ingesta-free body fat > 13.5% during autumn yielded a probability of overwinter survival > 90%. Mean ingesta-free body fat of lactating females in autumn was positively associated with finite rate of population increase (λ) over the subsequent year in bighorn sheep subpopulations that wintered in alpine landscapes. Bighorn sheep with ingesta-free body fat of 26% in autumn and living in alpine environments possess energy reserves sufficient to meet resting metabolism for 83 days on fat reserves alone. We demonstrated that nutritional condition can be a pervasive mechanism underlying demography in bighorn sheep and characterizes the nutritional value of their occupied ranges. Mountain sheep are capital survivors in addition to being capital breeders, and because they inhabit landscapes with extreme seasonal forage scarcity, they also can be fat reserve obligates. Quantifying nutritional condition is essential for understanding the quality of habitats, how it underpins demography, and the proximity of a population to a nutritional threshold.

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Dai, X. J., C. Wang, and Q. Zhu. "Milk performance of dairy cows supplemented with rape seed oil, peanut oil, and sunflower seed oil." Czech Journal of Animal Science 56, No. 4 (April 5, 2011): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1434-cjas.

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The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of supplementing different plant oils to the basal diet on milk yield and milk composition in mid-lactating dairy cows. Forty Chinese Holstein dairy cows averaging 120 days in milk (DIM) at the start of the experiment (body weight = 580 ± 18.2 kg; milk yield = 33.0 ± 2.00 kg/day) were used in a completely randomized block design. The animals were assigned to four dietary treatments according to DIM and milk yield, and supplemented with no oil (control), 2% rapeseed oil (RSO), 2% peanut oil (PNO) and 2% sunflower seed oil (SFO). Milk yield and milk composition (fat, protein, and lactose) were measured. Dry matter intake was similar in all treatments. The supplementation of plant oil increased milk yield, with the highest milk yield in RSO group. Percentages of milk fat, lactose, solids-not-fat and SCC were not affected by treatments except for an increase in milk protein content in oil supplemented groups. The fatty acid (FA) profile of milk was altered by fat supplementation. Feeding plant oils reduced the proportion of both short-chain (C4:0 to C12:0) and medium-chain (C14:0 to C16:1) fatty acids, and increased the proportion of long-chain (≥ C18:0) fatty acids in milk fat. The inclusion of vegetable oils increased the concentration of cis-9, trans-11 CLA. The cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk fat was higher from RSO to PNO and SFO was higher than the control. The TVA concentration was higher in the SFO diet, followed by PNO, RSO, and control diets. The results of this study indicated that linoleic acid was more effective in enhancing contents of TVA and CLA in milk fat than oleic acid. No significant effects of week and treatment by week interaction were found out in this study. Overall, feeding plant oils increased monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreased saturated fatty acids in milk fat. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of RSO increases milk yield the most, while SFO enhances the cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk fat more effectively.

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Brenmoehl, Julia, Daniela Ohde, Christina Walz, Julia Schultz, Armin Tuchscherer, Florian Rieder, Ulla Renne, and Andreas Hoeflich. "Dynamics of Fat Mass in DUhTP Mice Selected for Running Performance - Fat Mobilization in a Walk." Obesity Facts 8, no. 6 (2015): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000442399.

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Tancharoenrat, P., V. Ravindran, and G. Ravindran. "Influence of cereal type and fat source on the performance and fat utilisation of broiler starters." Animal Production Science 55, no. 1 (2015): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13375.

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An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of cereal type and fat source on performance and utilisation of fat in young broiler chickens. The experimental design was a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, which included three cereals (wheat, maize or sorghum) and two fat sources (soybean oil or tallow). Broiler starter diets, based on each cereal and supplemented with 60 g/kg of soybean oil or tallow, were fed during the 21-day experimental period. Weight gain was increased (P < 0.05) with soybean oil supplementation compared with tallow supplementation in wheat- and maize-based diets, but was unaffected (P > 0.05) by fat source in sorghum-based diets. Feed per gain was lower (P < 0.05) in birds fed soybean oil diets than those fed tallow-supplemented diets. Coefficients of total tract retention and ileal apparent digestibility of fat were higher (P < 0.05) in birds fed soybean oil diets than in those fed tallow-supplemented diets. Overall, the results suggest that the effect of fat source on weight gain of broiler starters differed depending on the cereal base used, and that soybean oil is a better fat source than tallow for young broilers.

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Dalle Zotte, Antonella, Marco Cullere, Elizabeth Gleeson, and Maria Elena Cossu. "Animal fat and vitamin E in rabbit diets: Total tract apparent digestibility, growth performance, carcass and meat quality traits." Czech Journal of Animal Science 65, No. 10 (October 27, 2020): 380–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/203/2020-cjas.

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The present study tested the effect of a dietary inclusion with vitamin E and pork lard on the apparent digestibility of the nutrients, the growth performance, the carcass traits, the physical meat quality, and the α-tocopherol content. A total of 60 hybrid rabbits were reared in individual cages from weaning (35 days of age) until slaughter (78 days of age). A control diet with no supplements, one diet supplemented with 2% pork lard, and two diets that used the aforementioned diets supplemented with an additional 200 mg/kg α-tocopheryl acetate were designed. The diets were isoprotein and isoenergy. The fat inclusion increased the crude protein (P < 0.05) and ether extract (P < 0.001) total tract apparent digestibility, and the same was observed for the vitamin E inclusion (P < 0.001 for both variables). This improved the dietary digestible protein content (P < 0.05), which increased the digestible protein to digestible energy ratio (P < 0.001). The fat × vitamin E interaction was observed for the total tract apparent digestibility of the ether extract (P < 0.001), the neutral detergent fibre (P < 0.05) and the acid detergent fibre (P < 0.01). The growth traits were unaffected, with the exception of the feed conversion ratio that improved with the vitamin E addition (P < 0.05). Similarly, the carcass traits remained unaffected, with the exception of the perirenal and total fat incidence that increased with the fat supplement (P < 0.05), and the scapular fat that was reduced with the vitamin E inclusion (P < 0.05). The meat L* (lightness), a* (redness), b* (yellowness) colour values and ultimate pH were unaffected by the experimental treatments, even though a fat × vitamin E interaction was observed for the a* and chroma values of the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle (P < 0.05). Both the fat (P < 0.05) and vitamin E (P < 0.001) dietary inclusion increased the meat α-tocopherol content. Based on the results, it was concluded that the 2% dietary inclusion of animal fat did not provide more benefits for the considered parameters than the sole α-tocopheryl acetate incorporation, but contributed to the increase in the vitamin E content in the meats.

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VILCHEZ, C., S. P. TOUCHBURN, E. R. CHAVEZ, and C. W. CHAN. "THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT DIETARY FATS ON THE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF TURKEY HENS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 70, no. 2 (June 1, 1990): 679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas90-080.

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Turkey breeder hens of the Quebec line were fed diets with no added fat, 3.5% animal-vegetable fat blend (A-V fat), or 3.5% fat provided by 4.4% dry fat product (DF), from 30 to 49 wk of age. The addition of A-V fat and DF to the breeder diets significantly (P < 0.05) reduced embryonic mortality between 8 and 28 d of incubation but had no effect on other reproductive parameters. Feeding diets with 0 or 5% A-V fat in a prebreeder diet from 21 to 28 wk of age in another experiment led to a detectable decrease in subsequent egg production. Those diets were followed by breeder diets with either no added fat, 5% A-V fat, 5% corn oil, or 5% olive oil from 28 to 48 wk of age. Hens fed no added dietary fat exhibited significantly higher fertility while those fed 5% corn oil laid the heaviest eggs. Hens fed 5% olive oil exhibited significantly higher embryo livability from 8 to 28 d of incubation and the highest hatchability of fertile eggs. Fatty acid compositions of plasma and yolk lipids were affected by the dietary fat composition. Key words: Turkey hens, dietary fat, reproduction, fatty acid

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Wähner, M., A. John, and C. Hoffmeyer. "Zum Einfluss des Wachstums und der Seitenspeckdicke auf die Fruchtbarkeits- und Aufzuchtleistung von Jungsauen – 1. Mitteilung: Vergleich der Merkmale Wachstum, Seitenspeckdicke, Fruchtbarkeit und Aufzuchtleistungen." Archives Animal Breeding 44, no. 2 (October 10, 2001): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-44-157-2001.

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Abstract. Title of the paper: Influence of growth and side fat thickness on reproduction and rearing performance of gilts. I. Comparison of characteristics growth, side fat thickness and reproduction performances Studies were executed in two breeding farms with gilts of Leicoma (farm B) and German Landrace (farm M). The influence of growth and side fat thickness on reproduction and breeding Performance was analysed. Date of birth, body weight and side fat thickness measured to selection (180. Living day) and insemination (236. day farm B; 242. day farm M) also pregnancy rate and appropriated boars were recorded. The Statistical analyses of reproduction (total bom piglets, live born piglets) and of rearing Performance (raised piglets) of first litter based on body weight gains till selection clustered in 3 basic groups per farm. In a following paper the relations between the characteristics will be described and discussed summary.

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Dominic, Olufunmilola L., Adetayo E. Talabi, Bode Kayode, Ayodele T. Ongbinde, Adesola Ojoawo, and O. A. Onifade. "Body composition of Kwara state basketball players - implications for peak performance." Ghana Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation, Sports and Dance (GJOHPERSD) 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 74–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.47963/gjohpersd.v9i1.551.

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This study was carried out to evaluate the body composition of Basketball players in Kwara State, Nigeria. Physical characteristics of age, height and weight, the percentage body fat, fat mass, fat free mass and muscle mass were measured using standardized methods. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the participants made up of twelve (12) junior and fifteen (15) senior male basketball players. Portable Bathroom-type Hanson, scale (model B1801) was used to measure weight in kilogrammes, Holtain Stadiometre for height in centimetres and Slim-guide Skinfold callipers (model MI 48170, U.S.A). One-way ANOVA was used to analyse the difference in physical characteristics of the participants; t-test was used to determine difference in the body composition of the senior and junior basketball players. Significant difference was found in the body composition. The senior team had significantly higher fat free muscle mass and less fat and percentage body fat (4.69) that was too low for continuous vigorous intensity workout. However, there were no significant differences in the fat mass and fat free mass; while significant difference was found in percent body fat, BMI and muscle mass of both the senior and junior teams. This implies that the senior team has better musculature than the junior team. It was concluded that there is need for nutritional intervention and carbohydrate loading prior to performance to meet up the energy demand for daily training programme and during performance in order to improve performance ability of the senior basketball players.

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SADRASANIYA, D. A., V. K. PATEL, S. S. PATIL, M. M. PAWAR, and K. J. ANKUYA. "Effect of bypass fat supplementation on production performance of lactating Mehsana buffaloes." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 92, no. 2 (March 10, 2022): 247–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v92i2.122103.

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An on-farm trial was conducted to study the effect of bypass fat supplementation in lactating Mehsana buffaloes for the period of 90 days post-calving in Banaskantha district, Gujarat. Fourteen Mehsana buffaloes were selected and randomly divided into two groups having 7 animalseach. The animals in the control (CON) group were fed on basal diet (concentrate mixture, green and dry fodder) and the treatment (BPF) group was fed basal diet supplemented with bypass fat @ 100 g/day/animal. Supplementation of bypass fat did not influence the DM intake and body weights. Higher milk yield (9.02%) and 6% fat corrected milk yield (14.23%) were observed in the BPF than the CON group. The percentages of milk fat (6.43 vs. 6.01%) and SNF (9.51 vs. 9.31%) were significantly higher in the BPF than the CON group. The feed conversion efficiency was significantly lower (0.99 vs. 1.07) in bypass fat fed group. Based on the findings, it was concluded that supplementation of bypass fat at the rate of 100 g/d in early lactating Mehsana buffaloes improved the milk yield, FCM yield, milk fat content, SNF and feed conversion efficiency.

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McLean, Scott P., and Richard N. Hinrichs. "Buoyancy, Gender, and Swimming Performance." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 16, no. 3 (August 2000): 248–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.16.3.248.

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This study investigated the relationship of gender and buoyancy to sprint swimming performance. The center of buoyancy (CB) and center of mass (CM) were measured using reaction board principles. Performance was evaluated as the time needed to complete the middle 13.7 m of a 22.9-m sprint for kicking and swimming trials. Nineteen female swimmers (mean ±SD, 21.9 ± 3.2 years) had significantly more body fat (24.1 ± 4.5%) than 13 male swimmers (21.7 ± 4.2 years, 14.8 ± 5.0%). Males swam and kicked significantly faster (p< .01) than females. Percent body fat, upper body strength, the distance between the CB and CM (d), and the buoyant force measured in 3 body positions all met the criteria for entrance into a regression equation. When gender was not controlled in the analysis, these variables accounted for 70% of the variance in swim time (p< .008). When gender was controlled in the analysis, these variables accounted for 45% of the variance in swim time (p= .06). Percent body fat accounted for the largest amount variance in both regression analyses (39%,p< .001; 18%,p= 0.02, respectively). Upper body strength accounted for 14% of the variance in swim time (p= .006) when gender was not controlled but only 4% when gender was controlled (p= .27). The distancedas measured in a body position with both arms raised above the head was the buoyancy factor that accounted for the greatest amount of variance in swim time (6% when gender was not controlled,p= .06, 10%; when gender was controlled,p= .07). Percent body fat,d, and the buoyant force accounted for no significant amount of variance in kick time. These data suggested that a swimmer’s buoyancy characteristics did have a small but important influence on sprint swimming performance.

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Muthunayaka, M. P. S. P., W. M. N. S. Wijethunga, and S. Weerasinghe. "Effect of body composition, anthropometric characteristics and lower body strength on the performance level of 110 m national hurdle athletes in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Sport, Exercise and Health Research 5, no. 2 (December 25, 2021): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/sportmed.5207.

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Background: Many scholars have been identified that there is a relationship between body composition, anthropometric characteristics, lower body strength, and performance in several sports. In Sri Lanka, there is no proper mechanism to select 110m hurdle athletes based on body composition and anthropometric characteristics. Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between body compositions, anthropometric characteristics, and lower body strength, and the performance of 110 meters hurdles national-level athletes in Sri Lanka. Methods: Using the census sampling method twenty-eight national-level male athletes were selected as the sample. Body composition measures are measured as height, weight, overall fat, visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, BMI, total muscle, trunk fat, trunk muscle, leg fat, leg muscle, arm fat, arm muscle. Leg length, feet length, trunk length, arm length, thigh circumference, and calf circumference were used to evaluate the anthropometric characteristic, and standing long jump was evaluated by the lower body strength. To analyze the data SPSS statistical software was used with descriptive statistics and paired samples t-test was used to determine the differences. Results: Positive correlations were found between performance and visceral fat, trunk fat, leg fat, arm fat. There was a negative correlation between performance and body height, total muscle, trunk muscle, leg muscle, arm muscle, feet length, trunk length, lower body strength. There were no significant correlations between performance and training age, weight, overall fat, subcutaneous fat, BMI, leg length, arm length, thigh circumference, and calf circumference (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Lower body strength, leg muscle, trunk muscle, and arm muscle and trunk length significantly influence the performance of national-level 110 meters athletes in Sri Lanka. Further, it can also be concluded that athletes who developed well in the leg, arm, and trunk muscles have a higher performance. And also athletes who have minimum fat in the arm, leg, and trunk reached the highest level of performance. Therefore, it can be concluded that players with higher lower body strength tend to stay in top performance

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