Journal articles: 'Fat pattern'

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Vermeulen, Esther, Karien Stronks, Marieke B. Snijder, Aart H. Schene, Anja Lok, Jeanne H. de Vries, Marjolein Visser, Ingeborg A. Brouwer, and Mary Nicolaou. "A combined high-sugar and high-saturated-fat dietary pattern is associated with more depressive symptoms in a multi-ethnic population: the HELIUS (Healthy Life in an Urban Setting) study." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 13 (July 20, 2017): 2374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017001550.

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AbstractObjectiveTo identify a high-sugar (HS) dietary pattern, a high-saturated-fat (HF) dietary pattern and a combined high-sugar and high-saturated-fat (HSHF) dietary pattern and to explore if these dietary patterns are associated with depressive symptoms.DesignWe used data from the HELIUS (Healthy Life in an Urban Setting) study and included 4969 individuals aged 18–70 years. Diet was assessed using four ethnic-specific FFQ. Dietary patterns were derived using reduced rank regression with mono- and disaccharides, saturated fat and total fat as response variables. The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms by using continuous scores and depressed mood (identified using the cut-off point: PHQ-9 sum score ≥10).SettingThe Netherlands.ResultsThree dietary patterns were identified; an HSHF dietary pattern (including chocolates, red meat, added sugars, high-fat dairy products, fried foods, creamy sauces), an HS dietary pattern (including sugar-sweetened beverages, added sugars, fruit (juices)) and an HF dietary pattern (including high-fat dairy products, butter). When comparing extreme quartiles, consumption of an HSHF dietary pattern was associated with more depressive symptoms (Q1v. Q4:β=0·18, 95 % CI 0·07, 0·30,P=0·001) and with higher odds of depressed mood (Q1v. Q4: OR=2·36, 95 % CI 1·19, 4·66,P=0·014). No associations were found between consumption of the remaining dietary patterns and depressive symptoms.ConclusionsHigher consumption of an HSHF dietary pattern is associated with more depressive symptoms and with depressed mood. Our findings reinforce the idea that the focus should be on dietary patterns that are high in both sugar and saturated fat.

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Vilela, Ana Amélia Freitas, Rosely Sichieri, Rosângela Alves Pereira, Diana Barbosa Cunha, Paulo Rogério Melo Rodrigues, Regina Maria Veras Gonçalves-Silva, and Márcia Gonçalves Ferreira. "Dietary patterns associated with anthropometric indicators of abdominal fat in adults." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 30, no. 3 (March 2014): 502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00167512.

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This study aimed to identify dietary patterns and assess their association with abdominal fat. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Central West Region of Brazil with a probabilistic sample of 208 adults of both sexes. Data on food intake was obtained using a food frequency questionnaire and factor analysis (principal components) was conducted to identify dietary patterns. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were used to assess abdominal fat. The association between dietary patterns and body fat distribution was examined using multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for confounders. Three dietary patterns were identified: Western, regional traditional, and prudent. A positive association was found between the Western pattern and WC (p = 0.04) and WHR (p = 0.001) and between the regional traditional pattern and WHR (p = 0.05) among women. A slight association was also found between the latter pattern and WC (p = 0.07) also among women. An association was found between the Western and regional traditional dietary patterns and a larger concentration of abdominal fat among women.

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Ganguli, Debdutta, Nilanjan Das, Indranil Saha, Piyali Biswas, Srinwanti Datta, Basudeb Mukhopadhyay, Debnath Chaudhuri, Saurabh Ghosh, and Sanjit Dey. "Major dietary patterns and their associations with cardiovascular risk factors among women in West Bengal, India." British Journal of Nutrition 105, no. 10 (January 28, 2011): 1520–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510005131.

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Few studies have examined dietary patterns in relation to cardiovascular risk factors in Asian populations, particularly in India. The present study was undertaken to explore dietary patterns in a general urban Bengalee population of women in West Bengal, India, and their association with cardiovascular risk factors. We performed a cross-sectional study of 701 women (aged 35 years and above) selected by cluster sampling from twelve different wards of the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (Kolkata, India). The following three major dietary patterns were identified: the ‘vegetable, fruits and pulses’ pattern (characterised by higher intakes of dark-yellow and green leafy vegetables, sweets, fruits, pulses, nuts, poultry and eggs, and lower intake of mustard oil); the ‘hydrogenated and saturated fat and vegetable oil’ pattern (characterised by higher intakes of butter, hydrogenated oil, ghee, vegetable oil, mustard oil, condiments, sweets, fish, high-fat dairy and refined grain); the ‘red meat and high-fat dairy’ pattern (characterised by higher intakes of red meat, high-fat dairy products, whole grain, high-energy drinks and condiments, and lower intakes of fish, refined grain and low-fat dairy products). The vegetable, fruits and pulses pattern was inversely associated with serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations (P < 0·05 for all). The hydrogenated and saturated fat and vegetable oil pattern was positively associated with BMI, waist circumference (WC) and HDL-C concentration (P < 0·05 for all). In this Bengalee population, these three major dietary patterns were observed, and the dietary patterns were independently associated with BMI, WC and serum TC concentrations in women.

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Starling, Anne P., Katherine A. Sauder, Jill L. Kaar, Allison LB Shapiro, Anna Maria Siega-Riz, and Dana Dabelea. "Maternal Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy Are Associated with Newborn Body Composition." Journal of Nutrition 147, no. 7 (May 24, 2017): 1334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.117.248948.

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Abstract Background: Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy may influence offspring growth and adiposity. Specific dietary patterns associated with newborn adiposity have not been identified. Objective: We aimed to identify patterns of maternal dietary intake associated with gestational weight gain (GWG) and fasting glucose during pregnancy and to evaluate whether adherence to these patterns is associated with newborn adiposity. Methods: In the Healthy Start prospective cohort, dietary intake during pregnancy was assessed via 24-h recalls. Reduced-rank regression identified dietary patterns predictive of GWG and fasting glucose. Associations between dietary patterns and newborn fat mass, fat-free mass, and adiposity were estimated by using linear regression models among 764 ethnically diverse mother-infant pairs. Results: Two dietary patterns were identified. Pattern 1, correlated with greater GWG (r = 0.22, P < 0.01), was characterized by a higher consumption of poultry, nuts, cheese, fruits, whole grains, added sugars, and solid fats. Greater adherence to pattern 1 (upper compared with lower tertile) predicted a greater newborn fat-free mass (61 g; 95% CI: 12, 110 g) but no difference in fat mass or adiposity. Pattern 2, correlated with greater maternal fasting glucose (r = 0.16, P < 0.01), was characterized by a higher consumption of eggs, starchy vegetables, solid fats, fruits, and nonwhole grains and a lower consumption of dairy foods, dark-green vegetables, and whole grains. Greater adherence to pattern 2 was associated with a greater newborn birth weight (80 g; 95% CI: 15, 145 g), fat mass (33 g; 95% CI: 8, 59 g), and adiposity (0.9%; 95% CI: 0.3%, 1.6%). Conclusions: Among pregnant women, adherence to a dietary pattern characterized by an intake of poultry, nuts, cheese, and whole grains was associated with greater GWG but not maternal fasting glucose or newborn adiposity. Adherence to a pattern characterized by an intake of eggs, starchy vegetables, and nonwhole grains was associated with higher maternal fasting glucose and greater newborn adiposity. Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy may influence newborn body composition.

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Haire-Joshu, Debra, Wendy F. Auslander, Cheryl A. Houston, and James H. Williams. "Staging of Dietary Patterns among African American Women." Health Education & Behavior 26, no. 1 (February 1999): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019819902600108.

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This article describes the development of a behavioral staging algorithm for use in the Eat Well, Live Well Nutrition Program, a peer-delivered community-based program for African American women ( N = 301). The authors examined whether increased frequency in performing low-fat eating behaviors and lower percentage calories from fat intake resulted as a participant moved through five stages of readiness to change each of five low-fat dietary patterns. Frequency of performing low-fat dietary behaviors was significantly different ( p < .05) between four stages for the pattern of avoid fried foods, three stages for modify meats, and two stages for the patterns of substitution, avoid fat as seasoning, replacement. Percentage calories from fat were significantly different ( p < .05) between four stages for the pattern of replacement, three stages for avoid fried foods and modify meats, and two stages for substitution and avoid fat as seasoning. Implications of these findings for the tailoring of community-based dietary programs are presented.

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Moschonis, George, Andriana C. Kalliora, Vassiliki Costarelli, Christopher Papandreou, Dimitris Koutoukidis, Christos Lionis, George P. Chrousos, and Yannis Manios. "Identification of lifestyle patterns associated with obesity and fat mass in children: the Healthy Growth Study." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 3 (March 26, 2013): 614–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013000323.

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AbstractObjectiveTo investigate possible associations of lifestyle patterns with obesity and fat mass in children.DesignCross-sectional epidemiological study. Principal component analysis was used to identify lifestyle patterns.SettingPrimary schools from four regions in Greece.SubjectsA total of 2073 schoolchildren (aged 9–13 years).ResultsChildren in the fourth quartile of the lifestyle pattern combining higher dairy foods with more adequate breakfast consumption were 39·4 %, 45·2 % and 32·2 % less likely to be overweight/obese and in the highest quartile of sum of skinfold thicknesses and fat mass, respectively, than children in the first quartile of this pattern. Similarly, children in the fourth quartile of a lifestyle pattern comprising consumption of high-fibre foods, such as fruits, vegetables and wholegrain products, were 27·4 % less likely to be in the highest quartile of sum of skinfold thicknesses than children in the first lifestyle pattern quartile. Finally, children in the fourth quartile of a lifestyle pattern characterized by more time spent on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and more frequent meals were 38·0 %, 26·3 % and 29·5 % less likely to be overweight, centrally obese and in the highest quartile of fat mass, respectively, than their peers in the first quartile of this lifestyle pattern (allP< 0·05).ConclusionsThe current study identified three lifestyle patterns (i.e. one pattern comprising higher dairy consumption with a more adequate breakfast; a second pattern characterized by increased consumption of high-fibre foods; and a third pattern combining higher physical activity levels with more frequent meals), which were all related with lower odds of obesity and/or increased fat mass levels. From a public health perspective, promotion of these patterns among children and their families should be considered as one of the components of any childhood obesity preventive initiative.

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Ratshikombo, Tshifhiwa, Julia H. Goedecke, Melikhaya Soboyisi, Clement Kufe, Caroline B. T. Makura-Kankwende, Maphoko Masemola, Lisa K. Micklesfield, and Tinashe Chikowore. "Sex Differences in the Associations of Nutrient Patterns with Total and Regional Adiposity: A Study of Middle-Aged Black South African Men and Women." Nutrients 13, no. 12 (December 20, 2021): 4558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124558.

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The study evaluated the association between nutrient patterns with body fat and regional adiposity in middle-aged black South African (SA) men and women and determined if this differed by sex. Body fat and regional adiposity (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and dietary intake (7-day quantified food frequency questionnaire) were measured in black SA men (n = 414) and women (n = 346). Using principal component analysis, nutrient patterns were computed from 25 nutrients in the combined sample. Four nutrient patterns were extracted, explaining 67% of the variance in nutrient intake. Animal and fat, as well as the vitamin C, sugar, and potassium driven patterns, were positively associated with total adiposity. In contrast, the retinol and vitamin B12 pattern was associated with the centralisation of fat. Notably, the strength of the association between the animal-driven nutrient pattern and BMI was greater in men (1.14 kg/m2, 95% CI (0.63–1.66)) than in women (0.81 kg/m2, 95% CI (0.25–1.36)) (Pint = 0.017). In contrast, the plant-driven pattern was associated with higher abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in women (44 cm2, 95% CI (22–67)) but not men (Pint = 1.54 × 10−4). These differences suggest that although men and women have similar nutrient patterns, their associations with the whole body and regional body fat are different.

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KIRCHENGAST, S., D. GRUBER, M. SATOR, W. KNOGLER, and J. HUBER. "THE IMPACT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS ON BODY FAT DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS IN PRE- AND POSTMENOPAUSAL FEMALES." Journal of Biosocial Science 30, no. 2 (April 1998): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193209800145x.

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This study examines the impact of nutritional status, classified by body mass index, on sex specific fat distribution patterns dependent on menopausal status in 467 pre-, peri- or postmenopausal females. Absolute and relative amounts of upper and lower body fat were estimated by means of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. It was found that low weight, independent of menopausal status, leads to the typical gynoid pattern of fat distribution while excess weight and obesity result in the android pattern of distribution in pre- and postmenopausal women.

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Weinsier, R. L., D. J. Norris, R. Birch, R. S. Bernstein, J. Wang, M. U. Yang, R. N. Pierson, and T. B. Van Itallie. "The relative contribution of body fat and fat pattern to blood pressure level." Hypertension 7, no. 4 (July 1985): 578–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.7.4.578.

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Hossein Rouhani, Mohammad, Mojgan Mortazavi Najafabadi, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh, Awat Feizi, and Leila Azadbakht. "Direct association between high fat dietary pattern and risk of being in the higher stages of chronic kidney disease." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 89, no. 5-6 (November 2019): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000260.

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Abstract. Background: Although there are some reports on the association of dietary patterns and chronic kidney disease (CKD), no data exists regarding the relation between dietary pattern and CKD from developing countries. Objective: To examine the association between major dietary patterns, renal function and progression of CKD. Methods: Two hundred twenty one subjects with diagnosed CKD were selected for this cross-sectional study. Dietary intake of patients was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Major dietary patterns were extracted by factor analysis. Renal function was measured by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Cr) level as well as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results: Three major dietary patterns were identified: high fruits and vegetables, high simple carbohydrate and sugar and high fat. Subjects in the second quartile of high fat dietary pattern score had lower Cr and higher eGFR in compared with the first quartile after adjusting for covariates (P = 0.02 for both). After adjusting for confounders (age, physical activity, socioeconomic status, height, weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and energy intake), patients in the top quartile of high fat dietary pattern score were found to be at greater risk of being in the higher stages (stage 3 vs. stages 4 and 5) of CKD (odds ratio: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.23, 7.76; P for trend = 0.02). Conclusion: We observed that a high fat dietary pattern was directly associated with progression of CKD.

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Shin, Moon-Kyung, Se Hyun Kwak, Youngmok Park, Ji Ye Jung, Young Sam Kim, and Young Ae Kang. "Association between Dietary Patterns and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Korean Adults: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study." Nutrients 13, no. 12 (December 2, 2021): 4348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124348.

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In addition to smoking, dietary habits may contribute to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to examine the association between dietary patterns and lung function in a Korean community cohort. A total of 5436 participants were included from the Ansan–Ansung cohort study. To identify the dietary patterns, we performed principal component factor analysis using the results of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio were measured by spirometry. Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between dietary patterns and lung function after adjusting for confounders. We identified four major dietary patterns; ‘prudent’, ‘coffee, fat, and sweet’, ‘westernized’, and ‘white rice’. After adjusting for potential confounders, the ‘coffee, fat, and sweet’ dietary pattern was negatively associated with lung function, particularly the FEV1/FVC ratio. Participants with high scores for the ‘coffee, fat and sweet’ pattern had a higher risk of COPD among men but not women. Therefore, these results indicate that the ‘coffee, fat and sweet’ dietary pattern is inversely related to lung function in Korean adults. Our results indicate that dietary habits may be modifiable risk factors for COPD.

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Balko, V. I. "Modern Classification of the Properties of Papillary Patterns of Human Hands and Feet for the Solution of Identification and Non-Identification Problems in Forensic Expert Activities." Siberian Law Review 18, no. 4 (December 27, 2021): 445–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.19073/2658-7602-2021-18-4-445-459.

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The relevance and novelty of the topic of the article is connected with the fact that for the first time the improved classification of the properties of human papillary patterns and their displays and the dynamic trend of expanding the legal base of fingerprint registration in the world are considered. The goal is to systematize the properties of human papillary patterns and their representations. General scientific and special methods were used. The analysis of the literature and the author's practice allow us to identify and consider the following properties of papillary patterns and their mappings, which were divided into three groups for cognitive purposes: their own properties, the properties of mappings, and the properties of the fat-rich substance of the human papillary pattern and its trace. For the first time, the properties of the poly-fat substance of the human papillary pattern and its trace are presented, which is important in view of the trend in the development of complex fingerprint examination. For the first time, the first and second groups are conditionally divided into four subgroups: for solving identification, diagnostic, classification and situational problems. For the first time, the third group is further conditionally divided into four subgroups: according to the interaction of the human body fat with the carrier object; according to the isolation of the human body fat trace; according to the dynamics of the preservation and contrast of the display of the fat-free substance of the human papillary pattern. On the other hand, the properties of papillary patterns themselves are divided into basic properties and properties for solving identification and non-identification problems, respectively. The author's definition of the following concepts is presented: "basic properties of human papillary patterns" and "properties of human papillary patterns", "basic properties of human papillary patterns mappings" and "properties of human papillary patterns mappings", "basic properties of human papillary matter" and "properties of human papillary matter", "basic properties of human papillary matter" and" properties of human papillary matter". This provides an opportunity for specialists and teachers to improve their cognitive and practical activities, and for those responsible and competent for the organization of examinations to consider creating a center for comprehensive fingerprint examination.

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Josan, EnambirS, GabrielA Zaietta, and GirendraV Hoskere. "The Devastating Starfield Pattern of Cerebral Fat Embolism." Neurology India 69, no. 2 (2021): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.314561.

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HATTORI, Komei. "Subcutaneous fat distribution pattern in Japanese young adults." Journal of Anthropological Society of Nippon 95, no. 3 (1987): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.95.353.

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Prisacari, Bogdan, German Rodriguez, Cyriel Minkenberg, and Torsten Hoefler. "Fast pattern-specific routing for fat tree networks." ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization 10, no. 4 (December 2013): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2541228.2555293.

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Myllylä, V., M. Leskinen, E. Pääkkö, H. Kiviniemi, and M. Kairaluoma. "CT appearance of omental torsion: fat spiral pattern." RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 161, no. 12 (December 1994): 559–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1032585.

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Reiss, Paul, and Thomas M. Grothues. "Geometric morphometric analysis of cyclical body shape changes in color pattern variants of Cichla temensis Humboldt, 1821 (Perciformes: Cichlidae) demonstrates reproductive energy allocation." Neotropical Ichthyology 13, no. 1 (March 2015): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20140030.

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Previously recognized color and pattern variants of adult Cichla temensis in Amazon flood pulse river environments reflect the cycling of individuals through seasonal sexual maturity and spawning. Individuals also vary in shape from blocky to fusiform. To determine if shape differences are related to patterns of fat reserve deposition and utilization, and to quantify the relationship of shape with color and pattern variation and life history status, specimens in each of four previously defined grades of color and pattern variation were compared using geometric morphometric techniques. Progressive shape changes occurred between grades independent of sex and correlated to gonosomatic index (GSI). Thin plate spline deformation visualizations indicate that the observed shape differences are related to fat deposition patterns. The seasonal timing of shape change and its link to color pattern variation, sexual maturity and local water level conditions suggests a relationship between the physiological and behavioral characteristics of C. temensis and the cyclical flood pulse pattern of its habitat.

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Previato, Helena Dória Ribeiro de Andrade, and Jorge Herman Behrens. "Nutritional status and food pattern of adolescents." Nutrition & Food Science 48, no. 5 (September 10, 2018): 846–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-05-2018-0130.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate anthropometric data, body composition and food intake of teenagers. Design/methodology/approach This paper involves a cross-sectional study with 132 teenagers aged 15 to 19 years old from a public school of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, food intake and sport practice were obtained. The authors performed Student’s t-test, X2 or Fisher’s exact tests and Pearson’s correlation to evaluate anthropometric variables, nutritional status and sport practice. Findings Regarding the nutritional status, 81.8 per cent of the teenagers were of normal weight, 10.6 per cent were overweight and 7.6 per cent were obese. Female teenagers had higher values of body fat analyzed by skinfold thickness, fat mass, fat mass index and body fat percentage, while male had higher lean mass evaluated by fat-free mass and fat-free mass index. For both genders, it was observed that there was low intake of fruits and vegetables and daily intake of sweets, soda, salt snacks and fast food like sandwiches and pizza. Only 54.5 per cent of teenagers reported performing physical exercise and there was association between sedentary lifestyle with higher intake of sweets and soft drink. Originality/value This paper summarized several methods to assess nutritional status and body composition of teenagers.

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Zaribaf, Fatemeh, Noushin Mohammadifard, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Golgis Karimi, Abdolali Gholampour, and Leila Azadbakht. "Dietary patterns in relation to lipid profiles among Iranian adults." Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research 11, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/jcvtr.2019.04.

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Introduction: Lipid metabolism is one of the main concerns of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. Little is known about the association between dietary patterns and dyslipidemia. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine such association among Iranian adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1433 Iranian adults in Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP). Usual dietary intakes were assessed with the use of a 48 items food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Three major dietary patterns were identified: western, semi healthy and healthy fat patterns. Results: After adjustment, subjects in the upper quartiles of western dietary pattern were more likely to have high total cholesterol concentrations than those in the first quartile (odds ratio [OR]: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.25-3.42). Individuals with greater adherence to western dietary pattern had greater odds of having high low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels compared with those in the lowest quartiles (2.53; 1.45-4.40). Conclusion: Semi healthy dietary pattern was not associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Same trend was observed for healthy fat dietary pattern. Significant association was found between western dietary pattern and dyslipidemia among Iranian adults.

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Tayyem, Reema Fayez, Reema Ibrahim Mahmoud, Muna Hussien Shareef, and Lina Salah Marei. "Nutrient intake patterns and breast cancer risk among Jordanian women: a case-control study." Epidemiology and Health 41 (March 30, 2019): e2019010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019010.

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OBJECTIVES: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer worldwide. Globally, BC is rapidly becoming a major common health problem among women. This study aimed to evaluate the association between nutrient intake patterns and BC risk among Jordanian women.METHODS: A total of 400 Jordanian women 20-65 years of age were recruited in this case-control study. Two hundred women recently diagnosed with BC were matched in age, income, and marital status to 200 BC-free women. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess nutrient intake patterns.RESULTS: In this study, 3 nutrient intake patterns were identified: a high vitamin C and β-carotene nutrient intake pattern; a high calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D nutrient intake pattern; and a high-fat nutrient intake pattern. A significant increase in BC risk was associated with the high vitamin C and β-carotene nutrient pattern (the highest for the fourth quartile; odds ratio [OR], 5.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.11 to 13.91; ptrend=0.001). In the high calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D nutrient pattern, a significant inverse trend was detected for the risk of BC. The high-fat nutrient pattern showed a significant direct association with BC risk in the third (OR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.58 to 9.51) and fourth (OR, 3.87; 95% CI, 1.53 to 9.77) quartiles (ptrend=0.001).CONCLUSIONS: A significant increase in BC risk was detected for the high vitamin C and β-carotene nutrient intake pattern and the high-fat nutrient intake pattern. However, for the high calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D nutrient intake pattern, a significant inverse trend was observed.

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Grieger, Jessica A., Luke E. Grzeskowiak, Lisa G. Wood, and Vicki L. Clifton. "Asthma control in pregnancy is associated with pre-conception dietary patterns." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 2 (April 24, 2015): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015001226.

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AbstractObjectiveTo examine pre-conception dietary patterns in pregnant asthmatic women and to identify associations between maternal diet and asthma control during pregnancy.DesignCross-sectional study. Pre-conception food frequency data were collected retrospectively. Asthma control was assessed using the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. Dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between uncontrolled asthma and each dietary pattern (Z-score), with values presented as odds ratio and 95 % confidence interval.SettingAntenatal clinic in a tertiary hospital, Adelaide, Australia, May 2009–July 2013.SubjectsOne hundred and fifty-eight asthmatic pregnant women.ResultsThree dietary patterns were identified: (i) ‘high protein/fruit’ (strong food group loadings for fish, meat, chicken, fruit); (ii) ‘high fat/sugar/takeaway’ (takeaway foods, crisps, refined grains); and (iii) ‘vegetarian-type’ (vegetables, fruit, soya milk, whole grains). A 1 sd increase in score on the high fat/sugar/takeaway pattern was associated with increased likelihood of uncontrolled asthma (adjusted OR=1·54; 95 % CI 1·07, 2·23; P=0·022). Women with uncontrolled asthma (n 115) had higher energy-adjusted intakes of saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, carbohydrate, sugar and fibre compared with women with controlled asthma (n 43, all P≤0·05).ConclusionsPre-pregnancy dietary patterns may influence maternal asthma control. Our work highlights the importance of achieving a healthy diet before pregnancy that is low in saturated fat, sugar and takeaway foods, and therefore higher in lean meats, poultry and fish, as well as fruits, vegetables and whole grains. A healthy dietary pattern should be encouraged in all asthmatic women who are of childbearing age, and should additionally be promoted before pregnancy and beyond.

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Pápai, Julia, Zsófia Tróznai, Tamás Szabó, and Attila Szabó. "Fat pattern of athlete and non-athlete girls during puberty." Anthropological Review 75, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10044-012-0003-5.

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Abstract The study focused on the peculiarities of fat accumulation during maturation. The main purpose of the study was trifold: to detect the alterations in fat gain during breast maturation; to examine fat accumulation after physiological maturation and the influence of breast maturation and sport activity on fatness. The subjects were athlete (N=1428) and non-athlete (N=1030) girls. They were grouped by the stages of breast development. Fat accumulation was followed up until four years after menarche. Regional fat distribution was examined on the basis of skinfolds taken at triceps, scapula, abdomen and thigh. Progressing with breast development, body fat percent increased in both groups, though in non-athletes a decrease was found in stage B4. During sexual maturation the thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue decreased on the extremities and increased on the trunk. Non-athletes stored more fat on their upper trunk, while athletes did it on their lower trunk. After menarche the differences between athlete and non-athlete girls were preserved. In conclusion it may be stated that during sexual maturation the regional apposition trend of body fat was similar for athletes and non-athletes. The differences emerged in the relative distributions. Athlete girls accumulated proportionally more fat on their lower body, representing better the female-type distribution of body fat than non-athlete girls.

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Amanatidou, Athina I., Andriana C. Kaliora, Charalampia Amerikanou, Stefan Stojanoski, Natasa Milosevic, Chara Vezou, Mirjana Beribaka, et al. "Association of Dietary Patterns with MRI Markers of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis in the MAST4HEALTH Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2 (January 16, 2022): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020971.

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Whereas the etiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is complex, the role of nutrition as a causing and preventive factor is not fully explored. The aim of this study is to associate dietary patterns with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters in a European population (Greece, Italy, and Serbia) affected by NAFLD. For the first time, iron-corrected T1 (cT1), proton density fat fraction (PDFF), and the liver inflammation fibrosis score (LIF) were examined in relation to diet. A total of 97 obese patients with NAFLD from the MAST4HEALTH study were included in the analysis. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the quality of diet and food combinations. Other variables investigated include anthropometric measurements, total type 2 diabetes risk, physical activity level (PAL), and smoking status. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify dietary patterns. Six dietary patterns were identified, namely “High-Sugar”, “Prudent”, “Western”, “High-Fat and Salt”, “Plant-Based”, and “Low-Fat Dairy and Poultry”. The “Western” pattern was positively associated with cT1 in the unadjusted model (beta: 0.020, p-value: 0.025) and even after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), PAL, smoking, the center of the study, and the other five dietary patterns (beta: 0.024, p-value: 0.020). On the contrary, compared with low-intake patients, those with medium intake of the “Low-Fat Dairy and Poultry” pattern were associated with lower values of cT1, PDFF, and LIF. However, patients with a “Low-Fat Dairy and Poultry” dietary pattern were negatively associated with MRI parameters (cT1: beta: −0.052, p-value: 0.046, PDFF: beta: −0.448, p-value: 0.030, LIF: beta: −0.408, p-value: 0.025). Our findings indicate several associations between MRI parameters and dietary patterns in NAFLD patients, highlighting the importance of diet in NAFLD.

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Auma, Carolyn, Rebecca Pradeilles, Megan Blake, and Michelle Holdsworth. "What Can Dietary Patterns Tell Us about the Nutrition Transition and Environmental Sustainability of Diets in Uganda?" Nutrients 11, no. 2 (February 5, 2019): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11020342.

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Uganda is undergoing dietary transition, with possible environmental sustainability and health implications, particularly for women. To explore evidence for dietary transitions and identify how environmentally sustainable women’s dietary patterns are, principal component analysis was performed on dietary data collected using a 24 h recall during the Uganda Food Consumption Survey (n = 957). Four dietary patterns explained 23.6% of the variance. The “traditional, high-fat, medium environmental impact” pattern was characterized by high intakes of nuts/seeds, fats, oils and spreads, fish and boiled vegetables. High intakes of bread and buns, rice and pasta, tea and sugar characterized the “transitioning, processed, low environmental impact’ pattern. The ‘plant-based, low environmental impact” pattern was associated with high intakes of legumes, boiled roots/tubers, boiled traditional vegetables, fresh fruit and fried traditional cereals. High intakes of red/organ meats, chicken, and soups characterized the “animal-based high environmental impact” pattern. Urban residence was positively associated with “transitioning, processed, low environmental impact” (β = 1.19; 1.06, 1.32) and “animal-based high environmental impact” (β = 0.45; 0.28, 0.61) patterns; but negatively associated with the “plant-based low environmental impact” pattern (β= −0.49; −0.62, −0.37). A traditional, high-fat dietary pattern with medium environmental impact persists in both contexts. These findings provide some evidence that urban women’s diets are transitioning.

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Trefflich, Iris, Hanns-Ulrich Marschall, Romina di Giuseppe, Marcus Ståhlman, Andreas Michalsen, Alfonso Lampen, Klaus Abraham, and Cornelia Weikert. "Associations between Dietary Patterns and Bile Acids—Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in Vegans and Omnivores." Nutrients 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010047.

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Bile acids play an active role in fat metabolism and, in high-fat diets, elevated concentrations of fecal bile acids may be related to an increased risk of colorectal cancer. This study investigated concentrations of fecal and serum bile acids in 36 vegans and 36 omnivores. The reduced rank regression was used to identify dietary patterns associated with fecal bile acids. Dietary patterns were derived with secondary and conjugated fecal bile acids as response variables and 53 food groups as predictors. Vegans had higher fiber (p < 0.01) and lower fat (p = 0.0024) intake than omnivores. In serum, primary and glycine-conjugated bile acids were higher in vegans than in omnivores (p ≤ 0.01). All fecal bile acids were significantly lower in vegans compared to omnivores (p < 0.01). Processed meat, fried potatoes, fish, margarine, and coffee contributed most positively, whereas muesli most negatively to a dietary pattern that was directly associated with all fecal bile acids. According to the pattern, fat intake was positively and fiber intake was inversely correlated with bile acids. The findings contribute to the evidence that, in particular, animal products and fat may play a part in higher levels of fecal bile acids.

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Brun-Vergara, María Lucía, and Daniel Montes. "MRI of Cerebral Fat Embolism: Type 1 Starfield Pattern." Radiology 297, no. 2 (November 2020): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020202212.

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Beresford, Shirley A. A., Karen C. Johnson, Cheryl Ritenbaugh, Norman L. Lasser, Linda G. Snetselaar, Henry R. Black, Garnet L. Anderson, et al. "Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Risk of Colorectal Cancer." JAMA 295, no. 6 (February 8, 2006): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.6.643.

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Howard, Barbara V., Linda Van Horn, Judith Hsia, JoAnn E. Manson, Marcia L. Stefanick, Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, Lewis H. Kuller, et al. "Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease." JAMA 295, no. 6 (February 8, 2006): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.6.655.

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Dencker, M., O. Thorsson, M. Karlsson, C. Lindén, P. Wollmer, and L. Andersen. "Daily physical activity pattern related to total body fat and abdominal fat in younger children." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 15 (December 2012): S161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.393.

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Zhou, Jielin, Jie Sheng, Yong Fan, Xingmeng Zhu, Qi Tao, Kaiyong Liu, Chunqiu Hu, et al. "The effect of Chinese famine exposure in early life on dietary patterns and chronic diseases of adults." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 4 (December 11, 2018): 603–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980018003440.

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AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of famine exposure during early life on dietary patterns, chronic diseases, and the interaction effect between famine exposure and dietary patterns on chronic diseases in adulthood.DesignCross-sectional study. Dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis. Multivariate quantile regression and log-binomial regression were used to evaluate the impact of famine exposure on dietary patterns, chronic diseases and the interaction effect between famine exposure and dietary patterns on chronic diseases, respectively.SettingHefei, China.ParticipantsAdults aged 45–60 years (n 939).Results‘Healthy’, ‘high-fat and high-salt’, ‘Western’ and ‘traditional Chinese’ dietary patterns were identified. Early-childhood and mid-childhood famine exposure were remarkably correlated with high intake of the traditional Chinese dietary pattern. Compared with the non-exposed group (prevalence ratio (PR); 95 % CI), early-childhood (3·13; 1·43, 6·84) and mid-childhood (2·37; 1·05, 5·36) exposed groups showed an increased PR for diabetes, and the early-childhood (2·07; 1·01, 4·25) exposed group showed an increased PR for hypercholesterolaemia. Additionally, relative to the combination of non-exposed group and low-dichotomous high-fat and high-salt dietary pattern, the combination of famine exposure in early life and high-dichotomous high-fat and high-salt dietary pattern in adulthood had higher PR for diabetes (4·95; 1·66, 9·05) and hypercholesterolaemia (3·71; 1·73, 7·60), and significant additive interactions were observed.ConclusionsHaving suffered the Chinese famine in childhood might affect an individual’s dietary habits and health status, and the joint effect between famine and harmful dietary pattern could have serious consequences on later-life health outcomes.

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Xi, Qinghua, Weixin Liu, Tianyuan Zeng, Xuan Chen, Ting Luo, and Zeyuan Deng. "Effect of Different Dietary Patterns on Macronutrient Composition in Human Breast Milk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Nutrients 15, no. 3 (January 17, 2023): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15030485.

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The aim of this meta-analysis was to systematically review the relationships between lactation diet and the composition of mature breast milk through screening multiple databases and gray literatures, with priority given to quantitative articles published in Chinese and English. We identified 27 cross-sectional studies that included 4355 lactating women. According to these data, dietary patterns were categorized into four patterns based on the fat and protein energy supplying ratio, including rational-fat and rational-protein dietary (RR), high-fat and high-protein dietary (HH), rational-fat and high-protein dietary (RH), and high-fat and rational-protein dietary (HR). The results showed the fat content in mature milk was increased with increments of fat intake, while both the protein and lactose contents in mature milk did not increase with their intakes for lactating mothers. Among these four dietary patterns, the energy ratio of macronutrients in human milk at the RR was the closest to the estimated energy ratio for infants aged 0–6 M. In conclusion, our study represents that the rational dietary pattern should be advocated, and the irrational dietary patterns, especially high-fat and high-protein dietary patterns, should be avoided during lactation stage.

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Ibiebele, Torukiri I., Maria Celia Hughes, David C. Whiteman, and Penelope M. Webb. "Dietary patterns and risk of oesophageal cancers: a population-based case–control study." British Journal of Nutrition 107, no. 8 (September 7, 2011): 1207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511004247.

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Epidemiological studies investigating the association between dietary intake and oesophageal cancer have mostly focused on nutrients and food groups instead of dietary patterns. We conducted a population-based case–control study, which included 365 oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC), 426 oesophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (OGJAC) and 303 oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cases, with frequency matched on age, sex and geographical location to 1580 controls. Data on demographic, lifestyle and dietary factors were collected using self-administered questionnaires. We used principal component analysis to derive three dietary patterns: ‘meat and fat’, ‘pasta and pizza’ and ‘fruit and vegetable’, and unconditional logistic regression models to estimate risks of OAC, OGJAC and OSCC associated with quartiles (Q) of dietary pattern scores. A high score on the meat-and-fat pattern was associated with increased risk of all three cancers: multivariable-adjusted OR 2·12 (95 % CI 1·30, 3·46) for OAC; 1·88 (95 % CI 1·21, 2·94) for OGJAC; 2·84 (95 % CI 1·67, 4·83) for OSCC (P-trend < 0·01 for all three cancers). A high score on the pasta-and-pizza pattern was inversely associated with OSCC risk (OR 0·58, 95 % CI 0·36, 0·96,Pfor trend = 0·009); and a high score on the fruit-and-vegetable pattern was associated with a borderline significant decreased risk of OGJAC (OR for Q4v.Q1 0·66, 95 % CI 0·42, 1·04,P = 0·07) and significantly decreased risk of OSCC (OR 0·41, 95 % CI 0·24, 0·70,Pfor trend = 0·002). High-fat dairy foods appeared to play a dominant role in the association between the meat-and-fat pattern and risk of OAC and OGJAC. Further investigation in prospective studies is needed to confirm these findings.

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Asemani, Sanaz, Vahid Montazeri, Mitra Foroutan-Ghaznavi, Seyed-Sajjad Pirouzpanah, Behzad Baradaran, Sahar Jafari, Ali Barzegar, Dariush Shanehbandi, Nahideh Asadi, and Saeed Pirouzpanah. "Dietary patterns and relative expression levels of PPAR-γ, VEGF-A and HIF-1α genes in benign breast diseases: case–control and consecutive case-series designs." British Journal of Nutrition 124, no. 8 (May 14, 2020): 832–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114520001737.

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AbstractWe aimed to study dietary patterns in association with the relative expression levels of PPAR-γ, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in women with benign breast disease (BBD). The study design was combinative, included a case-series and case–control compartments. Initially, eligible BBD patients (n 77, aged 19–52 years old) were recruited at Nour-Nejat hospital, Tabriz, Iran (2012–2014). A hospital-based group of healthy controls was matched for age (n 231, aged 20–63 years old) and sex. Dietary data were collected using a valid 136-item FFQ. Principal component analysis generated two main components (Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin = 0·684), including a Healthy pattern (whole bread, fruits, vegetables, vegetable oils, legumes, spices, seafood, low-fat meat, skinless poultry, low-fat dairy products, nuts and seeds) and a Western pattern (starchy foods, high-fat meat and poultry, high-fat dairy products, hydrogenated fat, fast food, salt and sweets). High adherence to the Western pattern increased the risk of BBD (ORadj 5·59; 95 % CI 2·06, 15·10; P < 0·01), whereas high intake of the Healthy pattern was associated with a 74 % lower risk of BBD (95 % CI 0·08, 0·81; P < 0·05). In the BBD population, the Western pattern was correlated with over-expression of HIF-1α (radj 0·309, P < 0·05). There were inverse correlations between the Healthy pattern and expressions of PPAR-γ (radj −0·338, P < 0·05), HIF-1α (radj −0·340, P < 0·05) and VEGF-A (radj −0·286, P < 0·05). In conclusion, new findings suggested that the Healthy pattern was associated inversely with the risk of BBD, and this could be correlated with down-regulation of PPAR-γ, VEGF-A and HIF-1α genes, which might hold promise to preclude BBD of malignant pathological transformation.

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Makura-Kankwende, Caroline B. T., Philippe J. Gradidge, Nigel J. Crowther, Shane A. Norris, and Tinashe Chikowore. "Nutrient Patterns and Body Composition Parameters of Black South African Women." Nutrients 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010006.

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Obesity is more prevalent in black South African women than men. However, little is known about the nutrient patterns associated with body composition indices in black African women. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to 25 nutrients derived from quantified food frequency questionnaires (QFFQs) in 498 middle aged black South African women. Three nutrient patterns, the plant driven, animal driven and Vitamin C, sugar and potassium driven nutrient patterns, accounted for 59% of the variance of nutrient intake. Linear models of the body composition parameters as outcome variables indicated that a standard deviation increase in the animal driven nutrient pattern was significantly associated with increases in body mass index (BMI) (1.29 kg·m−2 (95% CI, 0.54–2.04; p = 0.001), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) (26.30 cm2 (7.97–44.63); p = 0.005), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (9.88 cm2 (5.13–14.63); p < 0.001), VAT/SAT ratio (0.01 (0.00–0.02); p = 0.018), whole body fat mass index (0.74 kg·m−2 (0.25–1.22); p = 0.003), and whole body lean mass index (0.53 kg·m−2 (0.23–0.83); p = 0.001). An increase in plant driven nutrient pattern was significantly associated with an increase in SAT of 20.45 cm2 (0.47–40.43); p = 0.045. This study demonstrates that animal driven nutrient pattern, characterised by the consumption of more animal protein and fat nutrients, similar to the western diet is associated with increased body fat and lean mass.

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Lin, H. C., X. T. Zhao, and L. Wang. "Fat absorption is not complete by midgut but is dependent on load of fat." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 271, no. 1 (July 1, 1996): G62—G67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1996.271.1.g62.

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Since the intubation study of B. Borgstrom, A. Dahlqvist, and G. Lundh (J. Clin. Invest. 36: 1521-1536, 1957) in humans, the completion of fat absorption within the proximal small intestine has been widely accepted. Based on this report, it has been assumed that the distal small intestine is exposed to fat only in the setting of pathology. This concept may be flawed, since completeness of fat absorption was calculated from the recovery of a water-soluble marker but the aqueous phase is now known to move independently from fat. To reexamine the question of whether fat absorption is complete by midgut, we measured the recovery of a fat-specific marker, 99mTc-thiocyanate, in a canine model equipped with duodenal and midgut fistulas. The fistulous output allowed for the measurement of the amount of fat entering the small intestine and the amount of fat entering the distal one-half of the small intestine. Emulsion meals containing 15 or 60 g of corn oil were tested. The importance of fat exposure of the distal one-half of the small intestine was further confirmed by comparing the fistulous fat recovery under two different patterns of exposure [allowing (ALL) or denying (150 cm) access to the distal small intestine]. We found that fat recovery depended on 1) the dose of fat (15 vs. 60 g; P < 0.0005), 2) the pattern of exposure (150 cm vs. ALL; P < 0.01), and 3) the fistulous position (duodenal vs. midgut; P < 0.005). Specifically, under a 150-cm exposure pattern, whereas 8.8 +/- 1.8 g (means +/- SE) of fat emptied into the duodenum after the 15-g fat meal, 32.6 +/- 3.2 g emptied after the 60-g fat meal. Correspondingly, although 3.5 +/- 1.5 g of fat were recoverable from the midgut fistulous output after the 15-g meal, a much larger amount, 17.1 +/- 5.6 g of fat, was recoverable and therefore not absorbed by the proximal one-half of the small intestine after the 60-g meal. The amount of fat recovery at each fistula was reduced when chyme was allowed access to the whole gut (by triggering fat-induced ileal brake). We conclude that the intestinal length required for fat absorption depends on the load of fat in the meal so that, even after usual meals, absorption of fat is not complete by midgut.

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Hu, Tzu-Yu, Yi Chen, Pei Lin, Chun-Kuang Shih, Chyi-Huey Bai, Kuo-Ching Yuan, Shin-Yng Lee, and Jung-Su Chang. "Testosterone-Associated Dietary Pattern Predicts Low Testosterone Levels and Hypogonadism." Nutrients 10, no. 11 (November 16, 2018): 1786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10111786.

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Obesity and low serum testosterone (T) levels are interrelated and strongly influenced by dietary factors, and their alteration entails a great risk of hypogonadism. Substantial evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between nutrient metabolism (e.g., glucose, lipids, and iron) and T levels in men; however, T-related dietary patterns remain unclear. This study investigated the dietary patterns associated with serum total T levels and its predictive effect on hypogonadism and the body composition. Anthropometry, blood biochemistry, and food frequency questionnaires were collected for 125 adult men. Dietary patterns were derived using a reduced rank regression from 32 food groups. Overall prevalence rates of central obesity and hypogonadism were 48.0% and 15.7%, respectively. An adjusted linear regression showed that age, insulin, red blood cell (RBC) aggregation, and transferrin saturation independently predicted serum total T levels (all p < 0.01). The total T-related dietary pattern (a high consumption of bread and pastries, dairy products, and desserts, eating out, and a low intake of homemade foods, noodles, and dark green vegetables) independently predicted hypogonadism (odds ratio: 5.72; 95% confidence interval: 1.11‒29.51, p < 0.05) for those with the highest dietary pattern scores (Q4) compared to those with the lowest (Q1). Scores were also negatively correlated with the skeletal muscle mass (p for trend = 0.002) but positively correlated with the total body fat mass (p for trend = 0.002), visceral fat mass (p for trend = 0.001), and to a lesser extent, subcutaneous fat mass (p for trend = 0.035) after adjusting for age. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm that improvement in dietary pattern can improve T levels and reduce hypogonadism.

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Lonnie, Marta, Lidia Wadolowska, and Elzbieta Bandurska-Stankiewicz. "Dietary-Lifestyle Patterns Associated with Adiposity and Metabolic Abnormalities in Adult Men under 40 Years Old: A Cross-Sectional Study (MeDiSH Project)." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (March 12, 2020): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030751.

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The aim of this study was to examine the associations of dietary-lifestyle patterns (DLPs) with adiposity and metabolic abnormalities in adult Polish men that were under 40. The cross-sectional study included 358 men that were 19–40-year-old. Dietary and lifestyle data were collected with multicomponent food frequency questionnaire (KomPAN®). DPLs were derived with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using 25 dietary and six lifestyle as the input variables. Adiposity was determined with the use of: overweight (body mass index 25–29.9 kg/m2), central obesity (waist-to-height ratio ≥ 0.5), general obesity (body fat ≥ 25%), excessive visceral fat tissue (≥ median), and increased skeletal muscle mass (≥ median). The metabolic abnormalities were characterised by elevated: fasting blood glucose (FBG ≥ 100 mg/dL), triglycerides (TG ≥ 150 mg/dL), total cholesterol (TC ≥ 200 mg/dL), or systolic or diastolic blood pressure (≥ 130 or ≥ 85 mmHg, respectively). Four PCA-driven DLPs were derived and labelled accordingly to the most characteristic dietary or lifestyle behaviours that were correlated with each pattern. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that higher adherence (upper vs. bottom tertile as referent) to “Protein food, fried-food, and recreational physical activity” pattern was associated with higher odds of overweight and increased skeletal muscle mass, and lower odds of: general obesity, excessive visceral fat tissue, and elevated TC. Higher adherence to “Healthy diet, active, past smokers” pattern was associated with higher odds of overweight and lower odds of: general obesity, excessive visceral fat tissue, and elevated FBG. Higher adherence to “Sandwiches and convenient diet” pattern was associated with higher odds of: central obesity, general obesity, excessive visceral fat tissue, elevated TC, elevated TG, occurrence at least two metabolic abnormalities, and lower odds of increased skeletal muscle mass. A higher adherence to “Fast foods and stimulants” pattern was associated with higher odds of central obesity, general obesity, excessive visceral fat tissue, and lower odds of increased skeletal muscle mass. The interrelations between diet and lifestyle behaviours were reflected in three out of four patterns. Healthy diet attempts combined with active lifestyle was associated with reduced risk of adiposity and metabolic abnormalities despite some unhealthy components, like former smoking or fried-food consumption. In contrary, patterns that were composed of undesirable dietary behaviours solely, as well as poor diet combined with stimulant use, were associated with higher adiposity and worse metabolic health, despite the relatively young age of the study participants. Accurate mapping of dietary-lifestyle behaviours can serve as a tool for formulating evidence-based recommendations.

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Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Tiffany K. Gill, Robert Adams, and Zumin Shi. "Association between dietary patterns and low bone mineral density among adults aged 50 years and above: findings from the North West Adelaide Health Study (NWAHS)." British Journal of Nutrition 116, no. 8 (September 27, 2016): 1437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516003366.

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AbstractStudies on the association between dietary patterns and bone mineral density (BMD) have reported inconsistent findings. Data from the North West Adelaide Health Study, a population-based cohort study undertaken in Australia, were used to assess this association among adults aged 50 years and above. In this specific study, 1182 adults (545 males, 45·9 %) had dietary data collected using a FFQ and also had BMD measurements taken using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Factor analysis with principal component method was applied to ascertain dietary patterns. Two distinct dietary patterns were identified. Pattern 1 (‘prudent pattern’) was characterised by high intake of fruits, vegetables, sugar, nut-based milk, fish, legumes and high-fibre bread. In contrast, pattern 2 (‘Western pattern’) was characterised by high levels of processed and red meat, snacks, takeaway foods, jam, beer, soft drinks, white bread, poultry, potato with fat, high-fat dairy products and eggs. Compared with the study participants in the first tertile (T1, lowest consumption) of the prudent pattern, participants in the third tertile (T3) had a lower prevalence of low BMD (prevalence ratio (PR)=0·52; 95 % CI 0·33, 0·83) after adjusting for socio-demographic, lifestyle and behavioural characteristics, chronic conditions and energy intake. Participants in T3 of the Western pattern had a higher prevalence of low BMD (PR=1·68; 95 % CI 1·02, 2·77) compared with those in T1. In contrast to the Western diet, a dietary pattern characterised by high intake of fruits, vegetables and dairy products is positively associated with BMD.

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Tiznobeyk, Zeinab, Zahra Sheikhi Mobarakeh, Mostafa Qorbani, Fariba Koohdani, Gity Sotoudeh, Farahnaz Khajehnasiri, Shahla Khosravi, and Farideh Doostan. "Dietary patterns and benign breast diseases: a case–control study." British Journal of Nutrition 116, no. 2 (May 20, 2016): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516002002.

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AbstractSeveral studies have investigated the relation between benign breast diseases (BBD) and food intake. However, dietary patterns of these patients have not been taken into consideration up to now. The aim of this study is to determine the association between dietary patterns and BBD. In this case–control study, ninety-six patients with BBD and seventy controls were selected from women attending the Iranian Center for Breast Cancer affiliated with Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research. Demographic, physical activity and semi-quantitative FFQ were completed. The main dietary patterns were extracted by factor analysis. Two major dietary patterns emerged: Healthy dietary pattern including fish, poultry, eggs, low-fat dairy products, vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds, whole grains, oil and mayonnaise, olives, fruits; and Unhealthy dietary pattern including red meats, organ and processed meats, high-fat dairy products, refined grains, sweets and desserts, animal and solid fats. After adjustment for age, BMI and energy intake, the participants in the highest tertile of Healthy dietary pattern (OR 0·44; 95 % CI 0·20, 0·99) were less likely to have BBD compared with those in the first tertile. After adjustment for other confounding variables, this relationship still remained close to significant level. However, higher consumption of Unhealthy dietary pattern was not associated with the risk of BBD. In conclusion, Healthy dietary pattern might be inversely associated with the risk of BBD; however, this result should be interpreted with caution. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings.

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Søndergaard, E., L. C. Gormsen, B. Nellemann, M. D. Jensen, and S. Nielsen. "Body composition determines direct FFA storage pattern in overweight women." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 302, no. 12 (June 15, 2012): E1599—E1604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00015.2012.

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Direct FFA storage in adipose tissue is a recently appreciated pathway for postabsorptive lipid storage. We evaluated the effect of body fat distribution on direct FFA storage in women with different obesity phenotypes. Twenty-eight women [10 upper body overweight/obese (UBO; WHR >0.85, BMI >28 kg/m2), 11 lower body overweight/obese (LBO; WHR <0.80, BMI >28 kg/m2), and 7 lean (BMI <25 kg/m2)] received an intravenous bolus dose of [9,10-3H]palmitate- and [1-14C]triolein-labeled VLDL tracer followed by upper body subcutaneous (UBSQ) and lower body subcutaneous (LBSQ) fat biopsies. Regional fat mass was assessed by combining DEXA and CT scanning. We report greater fractional storage of FFA in UBSQ fat in UBO women compared with lean women ( P < 0.01). The LBO women had greater storage per 106 fat cells in LBSQ adipocytes compared with UBSQ adipocytes ( P = 0.04), whereas the other groups had comparable storage in UBSQ and LBSQ adipocytes. Fractional FFA storage was significantly associated with fractional VLDL-TG storage in both UBSQ ( P < 0.01) and LBSQ ( P = 0.03) adipose tissue. In conclusion, UBO women store a greater proportion of FFA in the UBSQ depot compared with lean women. In addition, LBO women store FFA more efficiently in LBSQ fat cells compared with UBSQ fat cells, which may play a role in development of their LBO phenotype. Finally, direct FFA storage and VLDL-TG fatty acid storage are correlated, indicating they may share a common rate-limiting pathway for fatty acid storage in adipose tissue.

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Vermeulen, Esther, Anika Knüppel, Martin J. Shipley, Ingeborg A. Brouwer, Marjolein Visser, Tasnime Akbaraly, Eric J. Brunner, and Mary Nicolaou. "High-Sugar, High-Saturated-Fat Dietary Patterns Are Not Associated with Depressive Symptoms in Middle-Aged Adults in a Prospective Study." Journal of Nutrition 148, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 1598–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy154.

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Abstract Background The consumption of unhealthy “Western” dietary patterns has been previously associated with depressive symptoms in different populations. Objective We examined whether high-sugar and high-saturated-fat dietary patterns are associated with depressive symptoms over 5 y in a British cohort of men and women. Methods We used data from the Whitehall II study in 5044 individuals (aged 35–55 y). Diet was assessed at phase 7 (2003–2004) using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived by using reduced rank regression with sugar, saturated fat, and total fat as response variables. The Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression (CES-D) scale was used to assess depressive symptoms (CES-D sum score ≥16 and/or use of antidepressant medication) at phase 7 and at phase 9 (2008–2009). We applied logistic regression analyses to test the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms. All analyses were stratified by sex. Results In total, 398 cases of recurrent and 295 cases of incident depressive symptoms were observed. We identified 2 dietary patterns: a combined high-sugar and high-saturated-fat (HSHF) and a high-sugar dietary pattern. No association was observed between the dietary patterns and either incidence of or recurrent depressive symptoms in men or women. For example, higher consumption of the HSHF dietary pattern was not associated with recurrent depressive symptoms in men (model 3, quartile 4: OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.36, 1.23; P-trend = 0.13) or in women (model 3, quartile 4: OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.58, 2.77; P-trend = 0.97). Conclusion Among middle-aged men and women living in the United Kingdom, dietary patterns containing high amounts of sugar and saturated fat are not associated with new onset or recurrence of depressive symptoms.

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Tutunchi, Helda, Maryam Saghafi-Asl, Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi, and Alireza Ostadrahimi. "Association between Dietary Patterns and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Results from a Case-Control Study." Archives of Iranian Medicine 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/aim.2021.06.

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Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among Iranian adults. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 210 subjects. NAFLD diagnosis was made by ultrasound examination. Anthropometric measures, physical activity, fasting serum levels of glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, and lipid profile were assessed. A three-day food diary was used to assess dietary intakes of the subjects. Dietary patterns were determined using factor analysis. To determine the relationship between dietary patterns and NAFLD, multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) obtained from the logistic regression analysis was used. Results: Two dietary patterns were extracted as follows: vegetables, legumes, fruits, and low-fat dairy products (VLFD) ; and sweet, hydrogenated fat, red and processed meat, and soft drink (SHMS) dietary patterns. By taking all possible confounders into account, the VLFD dietary pattern was found to be significantly related to lower odds of NAFLD, while the SHMS dietary pattern was independently related to higher odds of NAFLD (P < 0.05). Among major food groups, high consumption of processed meat, hydrogenated fats, sweets and desserts, and soft drinks was positively related to NAFLD (P < 0.05), whereas vegetable consumption exhibited a protective role against NAFLD (P = 0.01). Conclusion: The VLFD dietary pattern was associated with reduced likelihood of having NAFLD, while the SHMS dietary pattern was associated with higher likelihood. Therefore, the VLFD dietary pattern might be useful in the nutritional strategies for NAFLD patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes and prospective design are warranted.

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Abate, N. "Insulin Resistance and Obesity: The role of fat distribution pattern." Diabetes Care 19, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 292–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.19.3.292.

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Prentice, R. L. "Breast Mammographic Changes Among WomenAdopting a Low-Fat Eating Pattern." JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 89, no. 7 (April 2, 1997): 466–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/89.7.466.

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GUSTAFSON, A., and J. KERSTELL. "II. SERUM LIPOPROTEIN PATTERN IN FAT EMBOLISM IN THE DOG." Acta Medica Scandinavica 185, S499 (April 24, 2009): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1969.tb12745.x.

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Gallardo, Xavier, Eva Casta??er, Josep M. Mata, Jordi Rimola, and Jordi Branera. "Nodular Pattern at Lung Computed Tomography in Fat Embolism Syndrome." Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 30, no. 2 (March 2006): 254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004728-200603000-00016.

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Mohammadifard, Nooshin, Ahmad Jalali, Hasan Alikhasi, and Morteza Rafiee. "P117 Pattern of fat and oil consumption in Isfahan, Iran." Atherosclerosis 136 (March 1998): S78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9150(97)84689-8.

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Howard, Barbara V., JoAnn E. Manson, Marcia L. Stefanick, Shirley A. Beresford, Gail Frank, Bobette Jones, Rebecca J. Rodabough, et al. "Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Weight Change Over 7 Years." JAMA 295, no. 1 (January 4, 2006): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.1.39.

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Prentice, Ross L., Bette Caan, Rowan T. Chlebowski, Ruth Patterson, Lewis H. Kuller, Judith K. Ockene, Karen L. Margolis, et al. "Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Risk of Invasive Breast Cancer." JAMA 295, no. 6 (February 8, 2006): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.6.629.

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Tikhonoff, Valérie, Edoardo Casiglia, Federica Guidotti, Nunzia Giordano, Bortolo Martini, Alberto Mazza, Paolo Spinella, and Paolo Palatini. "Body fat and the cognitive pattern: A population-based study." Obesity 23, no. 7 (June 25, 2015): 1502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.21114.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fat pattern'

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