Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fat metabolism

Academic literature on the topic 'Fat metabolism'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Fat metabolism"

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Pei, Liming, and Ronald M. Evans. "Retrofitting Fat Metabolism." Cell Metabolism 9, no. 6 (June 2009): 483–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2009.05.006.

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Leslie, Eric, Christine Mermier, and Len Kravitz. "Exercise and Fat Metabolism." ACSM'S Health & Fitness Journal 26, no. 3 (May 2022): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/fit.0000000000000768.

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Landecker, Hannah. "Postindustrial Metabolism: Fat Knowledge." Public Culture 25, no. 3 (2013): 495–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/08992363-2144625.

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Gleeson, Michael. "Basic metabolism I: fat." Surgery (Oxford) 23, no. 3 (March 2005): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/surg.23.3.83.63111.

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Samra, J. S., L. K. M. Summers, and K. N. Frayn. "Sepsis and fat metabolism." British Journal of Surgery 83, no. 9 (September 1996): 1186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2168.1996.02445.x.

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McAndrew, Philomena F. "Fat Metabolism and Cancer." Surgical Clinics of North America 66, no. 5 (October 1986): 1003–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6109(16)44037-5.

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Vogan, Kyle. "TM6SF2 and fat metabolism." Nature Genetics 46, no. 7 (June 26, 2014): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.3023.

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Samra, J. S., L. K. M. Summers, and K. N. Frayn. "Sepsis and fat metabolism." British Journal of Surgery 83, no. 9 (September 1996): 1186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800830906.

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Jeukendrup, A. E., and R. Randell. "Fat burners: nutrition supplements that increase fat metabolism." Obesity Reviews 12, no. 10 (September 22, 2011): 841–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789x.2011.00908.x.

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Egashira, Yukari, and Hiroo Sanada. "Dietary Fat and Tryptophan Metabolism." Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi 55, no. 6 (2002): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4327/jsnfs.55.357.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fat metabolism"

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Bickerton, Alex Sam Thomas. "Fat metabolism and the metabolic syndrome." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9108a8ca-8b3e-4e45-98e2-4765c009774f.

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Background: The metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of diabetes and vascular disease. In order to understand the pathophysiological processes underlying such risk, it is necessary to develop a better understanding of normal fat metabolism and abnormalities associated with the syndrome. The hypothesis tested in this thesis is that specific abnormalities in adipose tissue and muscle fat metabolism characterise the metabolic syndrome. Methods: Fasting biochemical parameters were measured in a cohort of overweight men with and without the metabolic syndrome. Stable-isotope labeling and arterio-venous difference measurements were conducted in 18 men to elucidate pathways of exogenous and endogenous fat metabolism under fasting and postprandial conditions in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. In addition, a pilot study of the effects of heat and electrical stimulation on adipose tissue metabolism was undertaken. Results: Cohort study - The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome depended on the definition used. Total cholesterol and apoB were greater in those with the metabolic syndrome than in those without. There was no difference in fasting NEFAs. Metabolic investigation - There was significant postprandial uptake of NEFA from the circulating NEFA pool by adipose tissue. Chylomicrons were confirmed as the preferred substrate of LPL. There was preferential uptake of FAs derived from chylomicron hydrolysis. There was release of NEFA across muscle. In the metabolic syndrome, adipose tissue NEFA output is lower during fasting and falls less following a meal than in the healthy obese. Clearance of dietary-derived TG is lower across both adipose tissue and muscle in the metabolic syndrome. Pilot study – Heat increased measures of lipolysis whereas electrical stimulation had no effect. Conclusions: Fat metabolism in individuals with the metabolic syndrome is characterised by metabolic inflexibility but not insulin resistance.
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Migid-Hamzza, Jeffery A. "Fat Metabolism in Smooth Dogfish." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1132414091.

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Manolopoulos, Konstantinos. "Adrenergic regulation of regional fat metabolism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:31dfdca3-e3df-41a6-bf27-74f6ccdcf0a7.

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Introduction: An increased gluteofemoral adipose tissue (AT) mass is associated with a protective cardiovascular and metabolic risk profile, and effective fatty acid retention in femoral AT has been proposed as a possible mechanism. Catecholamines are important regulators of AT lipolysis and blood flow (ATBF). The aim of the thesis was to investigate regional differences in the adrenergic regulation of fatty acid release and ATBF between abdominal and femoral AT in vivo. Furthermore, in vivo regional fatty acid trafficking was studied in a physiological setting over 24 h. Methods: Regional fatty acid trafficking, along with the measurement of ATBF, was studied with the arterio-venous difference technique and stable isotope tracers in healthy volunteers. Adrenergic agonists (isoprenaline, adrenaline) were infused either locally by microinfusion, or systemically. Local microinfusion of adrenoreceptor antagonists (propranolol, phentolamine) was used to characterize specific adrenoreceptor subtype effects. The trafficking of dietary fatty acids was studied over a 24 h period involving three meals containing stable isotope-labelled fatty acids along with intravenous infusions of another labelled fatty acid. Results: Femoral ATBF and lipolysis was less responsive to adrenergic stimulation with adrenaline compared to abdominal AT. This was due to increased femoral α-adrenoreceptor responsiveness. When studied over 24 h, femoral AT showed a lower lipolysis rate compared to abdominal AT, while dietary fatty acids were extracted more avidly by abdominal AT. Uptake of non-dietary fatty acids (derived from very-low-density lipoproteins or unbound non-esterified fatty acids) was comparable between abdominal and femoral AT. Conclusion: There are fundamental differences in response to adrenergic stimuli between abdominal and gluteofemoral tissues and the ability of femoral AT to trap non-dietary fatty acids may provide protection of other tissues from ectopic fatty acid deposition.
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Orme, Elizabeth Catherine. "Fat metabolism in the exercising thoroughbred horse." Thesis, Open University, 1995. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57558/.

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The thoroughbred horse has been selectively bred for speed and has a high capacity for carbohydrate metabolism. The following series of studies investigated the relative contribution of fat and carbohydrate to energy production during exercise of varying intensity. Furthermore the work assessed the capacity of the horse to increase the contribution of fat to energy production as the result of either an acute increase in the availability of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) or as the result of chronic fat supplementation. Finally an adaptational response to feeding a fat supplemented diet was described. The variation in plasma long chain FFA over a 24 hour period was described. The early hours of the morning represented the period of greatest variability in plasma FFA concentration. This period was characterised by a significant increase in total and individual FFA concentration, which was unrelated to feed intake. As a result of the reported circadian rhythm in plasma FFA all subsequent exercise studies were performed during the period of least variability in plasma FFA concentration. A model for the pre-exercise elevation of plasma FFA, using a combination of a triglyceride emulsion and the heparinoid type substance pentosan polysulphate, was used to investigate the effect of increased FFA availability on fat utilisation during prolonged low intensity exercise. Pentosan polysulphate was used in preference to heparin following an investigation of their relative lipolytic and anticoagulative properties. Pentosan polysulphate when administered at 3 times the dose of heparin resulted in a comparable increase in plasma total lipase activity. When co-administered with a triglyceride emulsion, pentosan polysulphate resulted in a similar increase in plasma FFA concentration relative to that produced with the same triglyceride emulsion and heparin. The anticoagulative effect of pentosan polysulphate, however, was approximately 9 times less than that of heparin, as measured by activated partial thromboplastin time. The contribution of fat and carbohydrate to energy production during exercise was influenced by both the intensity and duration of exercise, as indicated by measurements of respiratory exchange ratio (RER). The inter-horse variability in RER was greatest during low intensity exercise. An increase in the contribution of carbohydrate to energy production occurred at the onset and during the early stages of prolonged exercise and as the result of an increase in exercise intensity. A proportion of horses exhibited an increase in the utilisation of fat during low intensity prolonged exercise as a result of a pre-exercise elevation in plasma FFA concentration. RER was consistently lower during exercise in 5 out of the 7 horses studied following a pre-exercise elevation of plasma FFA. Furthermore, plasma glucose concentration was elevated above that observed during the control session in 4 of these 5 horses for at least the first 15 minutes of exercise. A prolonged period of fat supplementation resulted in an improved management of the fat load. Following 10 weeks of dietary treatment a significant increase in plasma cholesterol concentration and a significant decrease in plasma triglyceride concentration was reported. The decrease in plasma triglyceride concentration was associated with a mean 50% increase in post pentosan polysulphate plasma total lipase activity. It is suggested that the increase in the post pentosan polysulphate plasma total lipase activity may have reflected an increase in muscle lipoprotein lipase activity. A significant increase in the activity of muscle citrate synthase was observed during the period of fat supplementation. No significant change occurred in muscle ß-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase activity or in the concentration of resting muscle glycogen and triglyceride as a result of fat supplementation. RER was significantly lower in the latter stages of prolonged low intensity exercise, during the period of fat supplementation, relative to the same exercise performed before the introduction and following 5 weeks of withdrawal of the fat supplemented diet. The reduction in RER during the period of fat supplementation was associated with a greater exercise induced increase in plasma FFA concentration. The above differences were also apparent during moderate intensity exercise, although, examination of the individual horse data revealed that the effect was not as clear as that observed during low intensity exercise. No significant differences were reported in either RER or plasma FFA concentration in response to moderate/high intensity exercise during the period of fat supplementation. Neither were any significant differences observed in either RER or plasma FFA concentration in the control group at any exercise intensity. An increased availability of plasma FFA and an increase in the oxidative capacity of muscle, as well as an enhanced ability to utilise plasma triglycerides may have contributed to the increase in fat utilisation, observed during low and moderate intensity exercise, in response to fat supplementation. The effect of differences in the hormonal response to a fat supplemented diet as a precipitant of the observed adaptational responses in these studies requires further investigation.
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Osei, Michael. "A study of dietary fat metabolism in healthy and insulin resistant subjects." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708531.

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Olenick, Alyssa. "Metabolic Flexibility Among Women after a Single High Fat Meal." TopSCHOLAR®, 2017. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1970.

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PURPOSE: Obese women have increased rates of metabolic diseases compared to those of healthy weight status. Additionally, African-American (AA) women have higher rates of metabolic disease compared to Caucasian (CA) women. Metabolic inflexibility is the inability to adjust substrate oxidation in response to dietary intake; potentially leading to weight gain and the development of metabolic disease. Few studies have investigated the impact of weight status and/or ethnicity on the metabolic response of women to a single high fat meal. An acute unfavorable metabolic response may contribute to the higher incidence of metabolic disease among not only obese, but also AA women. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the impact that weight status (lean vs. overweight/obese) and/or ethnicity (CA vs. AA) has on metabolic health in women in response to a single high fat meal. METHODS: CA (n= 15; age=26.27±5.65 yrs; BMI=30.72±11.92kg/m2) and AA (n= 12; age=26.75±6.65yrs; BMI=28.32±6.91kg/m2) women consumed a high fat shake (1062 calories, 56% fat). Blood was drawn and resting energy expenditure (REE) and substrate oxidation (estimated using indirect calorimetry) were assessed at baseline/fasted (T1), 120 minutes post-shake, (T2) 240 minutes post-shake (T3). RESULTS: Lipid and carbohydrate oxidation significantly increased among all women in response to the high fat meal (p<0.01). Significant increases in fat oxidation were seen from T1-T2 for all women (CA lean: +57.9±24.5%; CA overweight/obese: +30.2±11.8%; AA lean: +10.2±18.1%; AA overweight/obese: +40.6±52.6%; p<0.01). Among the CA women only, CA lean women displayed a significantly higher increase in fat oxidation in response to the meal compared to CA overweight/obese women, but there were no differences among lean and overweight/obese AA women. Similarly, weight status influenced changes in apolipoproteins after consuming the high fat meal among CA women, but not AA women. CONCLUSIONS: CA lean women displayed the most metabolic flexibility in response to the high fat meal. A metabolic system that is less able to respond to metabolic stimuli such as a high fat diet (as noted in all groups compared to lean CA women) may play a role in the increased metabolic disease prevalence among obese and AA women.
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Jeukendrup, Asker Erik. "Aspects of carbohydrate and fat metabolism during exercise." Haarlem : Maastricht : De Vrieseborch ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1997. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6815.

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Brandt, Karsten. "Fat metabolism and the control of food intake." Hamburg Kovač, 2006. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/3-8300-2648-X.htm.

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Grohmann, Malcolm James. "Regulation of children's fat and skeletal muscle metabolism." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422554.

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Gill, Jason Martin Regnald. "Postprandial studies of moderate exercise and triacylglycerol metabolism." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11106.

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Exaggerated postprandial lipaemia has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. Thus, by reducing postprandial TAG concentrations, exercise may play a role in delaying atherogenic progression. This thesis sought to explore the qualitative nature of, and the mechanisms behind, the moderate exercise-induced attenuation to postprandial lipaemia. Before the experimental studies commenced, a reproducibility study was undertaken. This showed that in a group of eight middle-aged men, the postprandial plasma TAG response differed by only 1.9 ± 5.1 % (mean ± standard error) on a testretest basis, indicating that the oral fat tolerance test had enough precision to detect the effect of exercise on TAG metabolism. Previous work suggested that the exercise-induced reduction to lipaemia was linked to the energy expended by exercise. As the attenuation may have been mediated by energy deficit, rather than exercise per se, a study comparing the effect of a 90-minute moderate exercise session with an equivalent dietary-induced energy deficit on postprandial lipid metabolism was undertaken, in a group of eleven postmenopausal women. This showed that the reduction in postprandial lipaemia elicited by exercise was far greater than that elicited by intake-restriction (20 % vs. 7 %). The second experimental study aimed to establish the effect of a 90-minute moderate exercise session on postprandial chylomicron- and very-Iow-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TAG concentrations, and its effect on exogenous (through use of a l3e-Iabelled lipid) and endogenous fat oxidation, in a group oftwelve middle-aged men. Exercise reduced postprandial lipaemia by 23 %, and over three-quarters of this reduction was due to lower VLDL-TAG concentrations. Increases in endogenous fat oxidation accounted for over half of the increase in postprandial fat oxidation. In the third experimental study, the effect of a 90-minutes moderate exercise session on Intralipid clearance, and postprandial lipaemia, was determined in a group of eight middle-aged men. Exercise attenuated postprandial lipaemia by 18 %, but did not increase Intralipid clearance. Taken together, these data imply that moderate exercise predominantly reduced postprandial TAG concentrations by reducing hepatic VLDL secretion, rather than increasing TAG clearance, and this effect is not mediated by whole-body energy deficit. In addition, this work has shown that moderate exercise is effective at attenuating postprandial lipaemia in middle-aged men and postmenopausal women.
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Books on the topic "Fat metabolism"

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Sears, Barry. Toxic fat: When good fat turns bad. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2008.

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Jeukendrug, Asker E. Aspects of carbohydrate and fat metabolism during exercise. Haarlem: De Vrieseborch, 1997.

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Cris, Carlin, and Vash Peter, eds. The fat-to-muscle diet. New York: Putnam, 1987.

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Station, Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment. Dietary modifications designed to affect lipid metabolism. Ames, Iowa: The Station, 1992.

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Rigden, Scott. The ultimate metabolism diet: Eat right for your metabolic type. Alameda, CA: Hunter House Publishers, 2009.

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Shilstone, Mackie. The Fat-Burning Bible. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2004.

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Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Wissenschaftsbereich Innere Veterinärmedizin., ed. Energie- und Fettstoffwechsel des Rindes. Berlin: Die Universität, 1987.

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How fat works. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2006.

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Wood, Philip A. How fat works. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005.

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Aminogen: Feed the muscle, starve the fat. New Canaan, Conn: Keats Pub., 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fat metabolism"

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Clemson, Lindy, J. Rick Turner, J. Rick Turner, Farrah Jacquez, Whitney Raglin, Gabriela Reed, Gabriela Reed, et al. "Fat Metabolism." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 787. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_100636.

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Kiens, Bente, and John A. Hawley. "Fat Metabolism." In Sport and Exercise Nutrition, 51–58. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444344905.ch6.

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Tiedemann, Anne, Catherine Sherrington, Daina L. Sturnieks, Stephen R. Lord, Mark W. Rogers, Marie-Laure Mille, Paavo V. Komi, et al. "Fat Metabolism." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 338. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_4223.

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Wolfe, Robert R. "Fat Metabolism in Exercise." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 147–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1928-1_14.

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Rogosa, Morrison, Micah I. Krichevsky, and Rita R. Colwell. "Fat and Oil Metabolism." In Springer Series in Microbiology, 199. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4986-3_34.

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Maqbool, Asim, and Birgitta Strandvik. "Dietary Fat and Fat Metabolism in CF." In Nutrition in Cystic Fibrosis, 35–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16387-1_3.

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Kaminski, Mitchell V. "The Adipocyte Anatomy, Physiology, and Metabolism/Nutrition." In Autologous Fat Transfer, 19–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00473-5_4.

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Meydani, Mohsen, and Keith R. Martin. "Intestinal Absorption of Fat-Soluble Vitamins." In Intestinal Lipid Metabolism, 367–81. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1195-3_20.

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Gómez-Banoy, Nicolás, and James C. Lo. "Genetic Manipulation with Viral Vectors to Assess Metabolism and Adipose Tissue Function." In Thermogenic Fat, 109–24. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6820-6_11.

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Greer, Frank R., and Richard D. Zachman. "Neonatal Vitamin Metabolism: Fat Soluble." In Principles of Perinatal—Neonatal Metabolism, 943–75. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1642-1_42.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fat metabolism"

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El-fadl, Rihab, Nasser Rizk, Amena Fadel, and Abdelrahman El Gamal. "The Profile of Hepatic Gene Expression of Glucose Metabolism in Mice on High Fat Diet." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0213.

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Obesity is a growing problem worldwide, and recent data indicated that 20% of the populations would be obese. Obesity arises as a multifactorial disease caused by inherited traits that interact with lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity. The liver plays an essential role in the gluco-regulation via regulating glucose, lipid and protein metabolism. The process of glucose metabolism is controlled by a range of molecular mechanisms and genes which affect the metabolism of the liver during intake of high fat diet (HFD). The objective of this research is to investigate the profile of hepatic gene expression of glucose metabolism in mice on HFD treated with leptin (5 mg/kg BW Ip injection). Ten wild type CD1 mice fed on HFD is used for this study, where groups are control (vehicle - leptin) and test group (vehicle + leptin). Body weight (BW) was measured, and blood chemistry, insulin and leptin were measured at the end of the experiments. Total RNA was isolated from the liver tissue, and RTPCR profiler array technology was used to evaluate the mRNA expression of 84 essential genes of hepatic glucose metabolism. The data of the BW and blood chemistry are not significantly different between the two groups. Leptin treatment enhanced the metabolic pathways and the candidate genes of the different metabolic pathway; glycogen metabolism such as Gys1, Gys2 and Pygm, pentose phosphate shunt such as Rpia and suppressed the glycolysis such as Aldob, and TCA cycle such as Mdh1b. In conclusion, this study has shown that leptin could affect the profile of the hepatic mouse genes of glucose metabolism in the early stages of HFD to induce obesity
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Al-Qeraiwi, Maha, Manar Al-Rashid, Nasser Rizk, Abdelrahman El Gamal, and Amena Fadl. "Hepatic Gene Expression Profile of Lipid Metabolism of Obese Mice after treatment with Anti-obesity Drug." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0214.

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Obesity is a global disorder with multifactorial causes. The liver plays a vital role in fat metabolism. Disorder of hepatic fat metabolism is associated with obesity and causes fatty liver. High fat diet intake (HFD) to mice causes the development of dietinduced obesity (DIO). The study aimed to detect the effects of anti-obesity drugs (sulforaphane; SFN and leptin) on hepatic gene expression of fat metabolism in mice that were fed HFD during an early time of DIO. Twenty wild types (WT) CD1 male mice aged ten weeks were fed a high fat diet. The mice were treated with vehicle; Veh (control group), and SFN, then each group is treated with leptin or saline. Four groups of treatment were: control group (vehicle + saline), Group 2 (vehicle + leptin), group 3 (SFN + saline), and group 4 (SFN + leptin). Body weight and food intake were monitored during the treatment period. Following the treatments of leptin 24 hour, fasting blood samples and liver tissue was collected, and Total RNA was extracted then used to assess the gene expression of 84 genes involved in hepatic fat metabolism using RT-PCR profiler array technique. Leptin treatment upregulated fatty acid betaoxidation (Acsbg2, Acsm4) and fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis (Acot6, Acsl6), and downregulated is fatty acid transport (Slc27a2). SFN upregulated acylCoA hydrolase (Acot3) and long chain fatty acid activation for lipids synthesis and beta oxidation (Acsl1). Leptin + SFN upregulated fatty acid beta oxidation (Acad11, Acam) and acyl-CoA hydrolase (Acot3, Acot7), and downregulated fatty acid elongation (Acot2). As a result, treatment of both SFN and leptin has more profound effects on ameliorating pathways involved in hepatic lipogenesis and TG accumulation and lipid profile of TG and TC than other types of intervention. We conclude that early intervention of obesity pa could ameliorate the metabolic changes of fat metabolism in liver as observed in WT mice on HFD in response to anti-obesity treatment.
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Lv, Jiantao, Weiping Wang, Hong Wang, Deru Yu, Ning Zou, Chengyan Ma, Minghua Wang, and Xuexi Tang. "Blood Fat Regulating Capsule Promotes Lipid Metabolism of Blood Fat in Mice with Fat Disorder." In 2007 1st International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2007.305.

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van Erp, R. J. J., T. A. T. G. van Kempen, S. de Vries, and W. J. J. Gerrits. "Nocturnal feeding increases fat deposition in growing pigs." In 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_76.

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McPhee, M. J., J. P. Siddell, B. J. Walmsley, V. H. Oddy, S. Harden, R. Woodgate, D. W. Pethick, and P. L. Greenwood. "Development of intramuscular fat adipocytes in Bos taurus genotypes." In 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_114.

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Daley, V. L., and M. D. Hanigan. "Prediction of total milk fat of dairy cows: a multi-model approach." In 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_126.

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Sánchez-Valencia, F., A. J. Chay-Canul, R. A. García-Herrera, M. Ptáček, A. Piñeiro-Vazquez, and F. Casanova-Lugo. "Relationship of body condition score and fat depots and in Pelibuey ewes." In 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_157.

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Hales, K., and C. A. Old. "Metabolizable energy utilisation in growing beef cattle: efficiencies of protein and fat synthesis." In 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_154.

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Luyimbazi, D., A. Akcakanat, L. Zhang, Y. Zheng, and F. Meric-Bernstam. "mTOR modulates cellular fat metabolism by regulating stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 transcription." In CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2008 Abstracts. American Association for Cancer Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-6030.

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Carranza, Andrea del Valle, Mar Collado-Pérez, and Rafael Vázquez-Manrique. "A29 Deciphering how fat metabolism and ampk impact autophagy in Huntington’s disease." In EHDN 2022 Plenary Meeting, Bologna, Italy, Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2022-ehdn.29.

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Reports on the topic "Fat metabolism"

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Research, Gratis. Brown Fat Activation: A Future Treatment for Obesity & Diabetes. Gratis Research, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47496/gr.blog.01.

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Brown fat holds a promising therapeutic approach to prevent obesity and type 2 diabetes by its profound effects on body weight reduction, heat generation, increased insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism regulation
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Boisclair, Yves R., and Arieh Gertler. Development and Use of Leptin Receptor Antagonists to Increase Appetite and Adaptive Metabolism in Ruminants. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697120.bard.

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Objectives The original project had 2 major objectives: (1) To determine the effects of centrally administered leptin antagonist on appetite and adaptive metabolism in the sheep; (2) To develop and prepare second-generation leptin antagonists combining high binding affinity and prolonged in vivo half-life. Background Periods of suboptimal nutrition or exaggerated metabolic activity demands lead to a state of chronic energy insufficiency. Ruminants remain productive for a surprisingly long period of time under these circumstances by evoking adaptations sparing available energy and nutrients. The mechanism driving these adaptations in ruminant remains unknown, but could involve a reduction in plasma leptin, a hormone acting predominantly in the brain. In laboratory animals, reduced leptin signaling promotes survival during nutritional insufficiency by triggering energy sparing adaptations such as reduced thyroid hormone production and insulin resistance. Our overall hypothesis is that similar adaptations are triggered by reduced leptin signaling in the brain of ruminants. Testing of this hypothesis in ruminants has not been possible due to inability to block the actions of endogenous leptin and access to ruminant models where leptin antagonistic therapy is feasible and effective. Major achievements and conclusions The Israeli team had previously mutated 3 residues in ovine leptin, with no effect on receptor binding. This mutant was renamed ovine leptin antagonist (OLA) because it cannot activate signaling and therefore antagonizes the ability of wild type leptin to activate its receptor. To transform OLA into an effective in vivo antagonist, the Israeli made 2 important technical advances. First, it incorporated an additional mutation into OLA, increasing its binding affinity and thus transforming it into a super ovine leptin antagonist (SOLA). Second, the Israeli team developed a method whereby polyethylene glycol is covalently attached to SOLA (PEG-SOLA) with the goal of extending its half-life in vivo. The US team used OLA and PEG-SOLA in 2 separate animal models. First, OLA was chronically administered directly into the brain of mature sheep via a cannula implanted into the 3rdcerebroventricule. Unexpectedly, OLA had no effect of voluntary feed intake or various indicators of peripheral insulin action but reduced the plasma concentration of thyroid hormones. Second, the US team tested the effect of peripheral PEG-SOLA administration in an energy sensitive, rapidly growing lamb model. PEG-SOLA was administered for 14 consecutive days after birth or for 5 consecutive days before sacrifice on day 40 of life. Plasma PEG-SOLA had a half-life of over 16 h and circulated in 225- to 288-fold excess over endogenous leptin. PEG-SOLA administration reduced plasma thyroid hormones and resulted in a higher fat content in the carcass at slaughter, but had no effects on feed intake, body weight, plasma glucose or insulin. These results show that the team succeeded in developing a leptin antagonist with a long in vivo half-life. Moreover, in vivo results show that reduced leptin signaling promotes energy sparing in ruminants by repressing thyroid hormone production. Scientific and agricultural implications The physiological role of leptin in ruminants has been difficult to resolve because peripheral administration of wild type leptin causes little effects. Our work with leptin antagonists show for the first time in ruminants that reduced leptin signaling induces energy sparing mechanisms involving thyroid hormone production with little effect on peripheral insulin action. Additional work is needed to develop even more potent leptin antagonists, to establish optimal administration protocols and to narrow down phases of the ruminant life cycle when their use will improve productivity.
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Erdman, Richard, Geoffrey Dahl, Hanina Barash, Israel Bruckental, Avi Shamay, and Anthony Capuco. Management Strategies to Maximize Skeletal Growth Rate in Dairy Heifers. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695848.bard.

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The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) and added dietary rumen undegradable protein (RUP) on organ and tissue weights and body composition in growing dairy heifers. A total of 32 Holstein heifers, 3 months of age at the beginning of the study were used in the experiment. Eight heifers were slaughtered at 3 mo of age to determine pre- treatment body composition. The remaining heifers were randomly assigned to treatments (n=6) consisting of 0.1 mg/kg body weight per day of bST and 2% added dietary RUP (dry matter basis) applied in a 2X2 factorial design. A total of six heifers per treatment group (3 each at 5 and 10 mo of age), were slaughtered to determine body composition an organ masses. There was a trend for increased live and empty body weights (EB:W), carcass and non-carcass components for heifers treated with bST or fed RUP. Added RUP increased rumen and reticulum weights whereas administration of bST tended to increase the weights of small and large intestine at 10 months of age by 22 % and 26%, respectively. Spleen, heart, and kidney weights at 10 months of age were increased 36%, 28% and 23% for bST treatments respectively, compared with controls. Rates of ash and protein deposition between 3 and 10 months of age were increased by bST by 7.2 g/d and 28.9 g/d, respectively, while no treatment differences were observed for rates of fat and energy deposition. Bovine somatotropin significantly altered the metabolism of growing heifers in a manner that led to increased protein and ash deposition, and tended to reduce fat percentage, and there was a similar tendency observed with added RUP. This suggests that nutritional and endocrine manipulations could increase growth rates of skeletal and lean tissues without increasing fat deposition in prepubertal dairy heifers.
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Mizrach, Amos, Sydney L. Spahr, Ephraim Maltz, Michael R. Murphy, Zeev Schmilovitch, Jan E. Novakofski, Uri M. Peiper, et al. Ultrasonic Body Condition Measurements for Computerized Dairy Management Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568109.bard.

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The body condition (BC) score is recognized in the dairy industry as an essential tool for managing the energy reserves of the dairy cow, which is essential for sustaining optimal and efficient production over several lactations. The current use of BC scoring depends on the accuracy of subjective visual estimates, and this limits its kusefulness as a management aid in the dairy industry. A measuring tool that would frequently provide objective data on the cow's body reserves would be a major contribution to efficient dairy herd management. Ultrasonic sensors have the potential to be developed into an efficient BC measuring device, and the experimental use of such sensors for subcutaneous fat thickness (SDFT) estimates, as an indication for BC in beef cattle, supports this assumption. The purposes of this project were: 1. To compare visual BC scoring and ultrasonic fat thickness with on-line automated body weight (BW) measurements as monitors of nutritional adequacy of dairy cows at various stages of lactation. 2. To determine the effects of variation in digestive fill in early and late lactation on the accuracy of body weight measurements in lactating cows. 3. To modify an existing ultrasonic system and develop a specialized, low-cost sensor for repeatable determination of body condition scores by users with minimal training and skill. 4. To develop a standard for the assignment of body condition scores based on ultrasonic measurements of subdermal fat thickness. The procedure to execute these objectives involved: 1. Frequent measurement of BW, milk yield (MY), BC (visually scored) and subdermal fat thickness ultrasonically measured of dairy cows, and data analysis on average and individual basis. 2. Testing and selection of an appropriate special-purpose sensor, finding an optimum body location for working an ultrasonic measurement, prcessing the signals obtained, and correlating the resulting measurements with performance responses in lactating cows. Linking the ultrasonic signals to BC scores, and developing a BC scoring data acquisition system are the first steps towards fulfilling the necessary requirements for incorporating this device into an existing dairy herd management system, in order to provide the industry with a powerful managment tool. From the results obtained we could conclude that: 1. BC does not correlate with BW changes during all stages of lactation, although in general terms it does. These results were confirmed by individual cow BW and BC data obtained during the course of lactation, that were supported by individual objective ultrasonic measurement of SDFT. 2. BW changes reflect energy metabolism reliably ony after peak milk yield; early in lactation, a decrease in BW expresses mobilization of body reserves only qualitatively, and not quantitatively. 3. Gastrointestinal content increases throughout the whole period during which dry matter intake (DMI) increases. The drastic increase very early in lactation prevents the use of BW changes as a basis for quantitative estimatio of energy meatabolism; at this stage of lactation, konly a BC score or any other direct measurements willl provide a quantitative estimate of energy metabolism. 4. Ultrasonic measurements of subdermal fat thickness can be used to quantify changes that correlate with the actual condition of the cow, as assessed by performance and the traditional way of scoring. 5. To find the best site on the cow's body at which to obtain responses to BC and its changes in the course of lactation, additional sites have to be examined. From the present study, it seems that the sites between ribs 12 and 13 have the potential for this purpose. 6. The use of templates made it easier to repeat measurements at a desired site and spot. However, the convenient easy-to-handle way to standardize the measurement, described in this study, koffers scope for improvement. 7. The RF peak values of the A-mode are better indicators of the location of fat layer borders than image analysis, from the point of view of future commercial development. 8. The distances between the RF peaks of the A-mode can be automatically measured by suitable software, for future commercial development. 9. Proper analysis of daily body weight and milk yield data can provide the necessary information on body condition changes during lactation, until a direct BC measurement device is developed. 10. In any case, at least one visual BC assessment has to be done, preferably immediately after calving, for calibration purposes.
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Boisclair, Yves R., Alan W. Bell, and Avi Shamay. Regulation and Action of Leptin in Pregnant and Lactating Dairy Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7586465.bard.

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The original project had four specific objectives: (1) To complete the development of a radioimmunoassay for bovine leptin; (2) To characterize the leptin system in lactating dairy cows during the transition from pregnancy to lactation; (3) To identify endocrine factors regulating the production of leptin by bovine adipose tissue; (4) To study the actions of leptin on bovine adipose and mammary tissues in vitro. However, BARD funded only the development of the bovine leptin RIA (Objective 1) for a single year. This report describes our work in completing this objective. Leptin, a protein hormone secreted predominantly by white adipose tissue, plays a critical role in the regulation of energy metabolism. In rodents and humans, leptin informs the central nervous system of the size of the energy reserves, coordinates adaptations to periods of nutrient insufficiency, and regulates the metabolism of key tissues involved in the storage and dissipation of energy. However, almost nothing is known on the biology of leptin in cattle, in part because of the absence of a valid assay to measure bovine leptin. To remediate this situation, we have developed a radioimmunoassay capable of measuring bovine leptin with a high degree of sensitivity, accuracy and precision. First, we produced recombinant bovine leptin and used it to immunize rabbits, and to prepare bovine leptin trace and standards. A single antiserum with sufficient affinity and titer was identified. Using this antiserum, binding of 125I bovine leptin was displaced in a dose dependent manner by the addition of bovine or ovine leptin. Serial dilution of bovine and ovine plasma gave displacement curves that were parallel to that of bovine or ovine leptin. Recoveries of external addition of bovine leptin in ewe and cow plasma ranged between 94 and 104%. Plasma leptin concentration measured by this assay was increased by the plane of nutrition in growing calves and lambs. Finally, plasma leptin concentration was linearly related to the fat content of the empty carcass in growing cattle. We conclude that circulating leptin in sheep and cattle is increased by fatness and plane of nutrition, consistent with results in humans and rodents. This assay provides an important tool to investigate mechanisms that regulate plasma leptin in cattle and sheep.
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Blumwald, Eduardo, and Avi Sadka. Sugar and Acid Homeostasis in Citrus Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697109.bard.

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Citrus fruit quality standards have been determined empirically, depending on species and on the particular growing regions. In general, the TSS (total soluble solids) to total acidity (TA) ratio determines whether citrus fruit can be marketed. Soluble sugars account for most of the TSS during harvest while TA is determined almost solely by the citric acid content, which reaches levels of 1-5% by weight in many cultivated varieties. Acid and sugar homeostasis in the fruit is critical for the management of existing cultivars, the development of new cultivars, the improvement of pre- and post-harvest strategies and the control of fruit quality and disorders. The current proposal (a continuation of a previous proposal) aimed at: (1) completing the citrus fruit proteome and metabolome, and establish a citrus fruit functional database, (2) further characterization of the control of fruit acidity by studying the regulation of key steps affecting citrate metabolism, and determine the fate of citrate during acid decline stage, and (3) Studying acid and sugar homeostasis in citrus fruits by characterizing transport mechanisms across membranes. These aims were completed as the following: (1) Our initial efforts were aimed at the characterization and identification of citric acid transporters in citrus juice cells. The identification of citrate transporters at the vacuole of the citrus juice cell indicated that the steady-state citrate cytosolic concentration and the action of the cytosolic aconitase were key elements in establishing the pH homeostat in the cell that regulates the metabolic shift towards carbon usage in the fruit during the later stages of fruit development. We focused on the action of aconitase, the enzyme mediating the metabolic use of citric acid in the cells, and identified processes that control carbon fluxes in developing citrus fruits that control the fruit acid load; (2) The regulation of aconitase, catalyzing a key step in citrate metabolism, was further characterized by using two inhibitors, citramalte and oxalomalte. These compounds significantly increased citrate content and reduced the enzyme’s activity. Metabolite profiling and changes of amino-acid metabolizing enzymes in oxalomalate- treated cells suggested that the increase in citrate, caused by aconitase inhibition, induces amino acid synthesis and the GABA shunt, in accordance with the suggested fate of citrate during the acid decline stage in citrus fruit. (3) We have placed a considerable amount of time on the development of a citrus fruit proteome that will serve to identify all of the proteins in the juice cells and will also serve as an aid to the genomics efforts of the citrus research community (validating the annotation of the fruit genes and the different ESTs). Initially, we identified more than 2,500 specific fruit proteins and were able to assign a function to more than 2,100 proteins (Katz et al., 2007). We have now developed a novel Differential Quantitative LC-MS/MS Proteomics Methodology for the identification and quantitation of key biochemical pathways in fruits (Katz et al., 2010) and applied this methodology to identify determinants of key traits for fruit quality (Katz et al., 2011). We built “biosynthesis maps” that will aid in defining key pathways associated with the development of key fruit quality traits. In addition, we constructed iCitrus (http://wiki.bioinformatics.ucdavis.edu/index.php/ICitrus), a “functional database” that is essentially a web interface to a look-up table that allows users to use functional annotations in the web to identify poorly annotated citrus proteins. This resource will serve as a tool for growers and field extension specialists.
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Moskalenko, O. L., O. V. Smirnova, E. V. Kasparov, and I. E. Kasparova. STRUCTURE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME AND NON-ALCOHOLIC FAT LIVER DISEASE. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2021-12-4-2-340-348.

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The article is devoted to the study of the psychological characteristics of the behavior of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The manifestations of NAFLD are a powerful frustrating factor for patients, negatively affect the quality of life, hinder psychosocial adaptation and serve as the basis for the formation of chronic stress from the disease, which blocks the actual needs of the individual. Psychological factors are an important component in the clinical assessment of patients in connection with the individualization of the treatment process and secondary psychoprophylaxis, including methods of somato-centered and personality-centered psychotherapy.
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Deng, Yingjun, ShengJing Liu, Ming Zhao, Feng Zhao, Jun Guo, and Bin Yan. Diet-induced male infertility in mice models: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0116.

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Review question / Objective: In order to compare the different high energy diet such as high-fat diet and high sugar diet how to damage the male mice model in metabolize and fertility,and explore a reliable mice model method in the study of obesity with male infertility. P：obesity mice model with male infertility. I: High energy diet such as High-fat or High-sugar diet. C:High-fat diet,High-sugar diet, compared with normal diet in mice model. O:High energy diet induce male mice obesity model and damage their fertility. S: Use network meta-analysis. Condition being studied: The relationship between obesity and male infertility attacth more and more attention at present.So many animal expriments are carried out on this problem,there are enough exprimental article to support this meta analysis.
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Aharoni, Asaph, Zhangjun Fei, Efraim Lewinsohn, Arthur Schaffer, and Yaakov Tadmor. System Approach to Understanding the Metabolic Diversity in Melon. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593400.bard.

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Fruit quality is determined by numerous genetic factors that affect taste, aroma, ‎color, texture, nutritional value and shelf life. To unravel the genetic components ‎involved in the metabolic pathways behind these traits, the major goal of the project was to identify novel genes that are involved in, or that regulate, these pathways using correlation analysis between genotype, metabolite and gene expression data. The original and specific research objectives were: (1) Collection of replicated fruit from a population of 96 RI lines derived from parents distinguished by great diversity in fruit development and quality phenotypes, (2) Phenotypic and metabolic profiling of mature fruit from all 96 RI lines and their parents, (3) 454 pyrosequencing of cDNA representing mRNA of mature fruit from each line to facilitate gene expression analysis based on relative EST abundance, (4) Development of a database modeled after an existing database developed for tomato introgression lines (ILs) to facilitate online data analysis by members of this project and by researchers around the world. The main functions of the database will be to store and present metabolite and gene expression data so that correlations can be drawn between variation in target traits or metabolites across the RI population members and variation in gene expression to identify candidate genes which may impact phenotypic and chemical traits of interest, (5) Selection of RI lines for segregation and/or hybridization (crosses) analysis to ascertain whether or not genes associated with traits through gene expression/metabolite correlation analysis are indeed contributors to said traits. The overall research strategy was to utilize an available recombinant inbred population of melon (Cucumis melo L.) derived from phenotypically diverse parents and for which over 800 molecular markers have been mapped for the association of metabolic trait and gene expression QTLs. Transcriptomic data were obtained by high throughput sequencing using the Illumina platform instead of the originally planned 454 platform. The change was due to the fast advancement and proven advantages of the Illumina platform, as explained in the first annual scientific report. Metabolic data were collected using both targeted (sugars, organic acids, carotenoids) and non-targeted metabolomics analysis methodologies. Genes whose expression patterns were associated with variation of particular metabolites or fruit quality traits represent candidates for the molecular mechanisms that underlie them. Candidate genes that may encode enzymes catalyzingbiosynthetic steps in the production of volatile compounds of interest, downstream catabolic processes of aromatic amino acids and regulatory genes were selected and are in the process of functional analyses. Several of these are genes represent unanticipated effectors of compound accumulation that could not be identified using traditional approaches. According to the original plan, the Cucurbit Genomics Network (http://www.icugi.org/), developed through an earlier BARD project (IS-3333-02), was expanded to serve as a public portal for the extensive metabolomics and transcriptomic data resulting from the current project. Importantly, this database was also expanded to include genomic and metabolomic resources of all the cucurbit crops, including genomes of cucumber and watermelon, EST collections, genetic maps, metabolite data and additional information. In addition, the database provides tools enabling researchers to identify genes, the expression patterns of which correlate with traits of interest. The project has significantly expanded the existing EST resource for melon and provides new molecular tools for marker-assisted selection. This information will be opened to the public by the end of 2013, upon the first publication describing the transcriptomic and metabolomics resources developed through the project. In addition, well-characterized RI lines are available to enable targeted breeding for genes of interest. Segregation of the RI lines for specific metabolites of interest has been shown, demonstrating the utility in these lines and our new molecular and metabolic data as a basis for selection targeting specific flavor, quality, nutritional and/or defensive compounds. To summarize, all the specific goals of the project have been achieved and in many cases exceeded. Large scale trascriptomic and metabolomic resources have been developed for melon and will soon become available to the community. The usefulness of these has been validated. A number of novel genes involved in fruit ripening have been selected and are currently being functionally analyzed. We thus fully addressed our obligations to the project. In our view, however, the potential value of the project outcomes as ultimately manifested may be far greater than originally anticipated. The resources developed and expanded under this project, and the tools created for using them will enable us, and others, to continue to employ resulting data and discoveries in future studies with benefits both in basic and applied agricultural - scientific research.
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Jin, Dachuan, Gao Peng, Shunqin Jin, Tao Zhou, Baoqiang Guo, and Guangming Li. Comparison of therapeutic effects of anti-diabetic drugs on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients without diabetes: A network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0014.

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Review question / Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of different anti-diabetic drugs in the treatment of non-diabetic non-alcoholic disease by network meta-analysis, and find the best intervention. Condition being studied: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to the disease in which the liver fat content exceeds 5%, and excludes the secondary causes of alcohol, infection, drugs or other specific metabolic diseases. As a spectrum of disorders, it includes hepatocyte steatosis and steatohepatitis at the initial stage, liver fibrosis at the later stage, cirrhosis at the final stage, and even liver cancer. Nowadays Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease in the world with an incidence rate as high as 25% which has been rising steadily worldwide in the past 30 years. Currently there are still no approved specific therapeutic agents and global treatment guidelines for NAFLD. For non-diabetic NAFLD, there is far from a consensus, too.
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