Journal articles: 'Fast scanning probe'

1

Аkhmetova, А., and I. Yaminskiy. "Fast-scanning probe microscopy." Nanoindustry Russia 11, no. 7-8 (2018): 530–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22184/1993-8578.2018.11.7-8.530.533.

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Boedo, J., D. Gray, L. Chousal, R. Conn, B. Hiller, and K. H. Finken. "Fast scanning probe for tokamak plasmas." Review of Scientific Instruments 69, no. 7 (July 1998): 2663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148995.

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Tabak, F. C., E. C. M. Disseldorp, G. H. Wortel, A. J. Katan, M. B. S. Hesselberth, T. H. Oosterkamp, J. W. M. Frenken, and W. M. van Spengen. "MEMS-based fast scanning probe microscopes." Ultramicroscopy 110, no. 6 (May 2010): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2010.02.018.

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Watkins, J. G., J. Salmonson, R. Moyer, R. Doerner, R. Lehmer, L. Schmitz, and D. N. Hill. "A fast scanning probe for DIII–D." Review of Scientific Instruments 63, no. 10 (October 1992): 4728–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143621.

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DENG, Tijian, Tao LAN, Mingsheng TAN, Junfeng ZHU, Jie WU, Hangqi XU, Chen CHEN, et al. "Fast radial scanning probe system on KTX." Plasma Science and Technology 22, no. 4 (January 13, 2020): 045602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ab5b1a.

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Boedo, J. A., N. Crocker, L. Chousal, R. Hernandez, J. Chalfant, H. Kugel, P. Roney, and J. Wertenbaker. "Fast scanning probe for the NSTX spherical tokamak." Review of Scientific Instruments 80, no. 12 (December 2009): 123506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3266065.

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Tokarev, V. A., V. K. Gusev, N. A. Khromov, M. I. Patrov, Yu V. Petrov, N. V. Sakharov, V. B. Minaev, et al. "Fast scanning probe for the Globus-M2 tokamak." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1400 (November 2019): 077019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1400/7/077019.

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Klapetek, Petr, Anna Charvátová Campbell, and Vilma Buršíková. "Fast mechanical model for probe–sample elastic deformation estimation in scanning probe microscopy." Ultramicroscopy 201 (June 2019): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2019.03.010.

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Wen, Yongbing, Jianmin Song, Xinjian Fan, Danish Hussain, Hao Zhang, and Hui Xie. "Fast Specimen Boundary Tracking and Local Imaging with Scanning Probe Microscopy." Scanning 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3979576.

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An efficient and adaptive boundary tracking method is developed to confine area of interest for high-efficiency local scanning. By using a boundary point determination criterion, the scanning tip is steered with a sinusoidal waveform while estimating azimuth angle and radius ratio of each boundary point to accurately track the boundary of targets. A local scan region and path are subsequently planned based on the prior knowledge of boundary tracking to reduce the scan time. Boundary tracking and local scanning methods have great potential not only for fast dimension measurement but also for sample surface topography and physical characterization, with only scanning region of interest. The performance of the proposed methods was verified by using the alternate current mode scanning ion-conductance microscopy, tapping, and PeakForce modulation atomic force microscopy. Experimental results of single/multitarget boundary tracking and local scanning of target structures with complex boundaries demonstrate the flexibility and validity of the proposed method.

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Tsois, N., C. Dorn, G. Kyriakakis, M. Markoulaki, M. Pflug, G. Schramm, P. Theodoropoulos, P. Xantopoulos, and M. Weinlich. "A fast scanning Langmuir probe system for ASDEX-Upgrade divertor." Journal of Nuclear Materials 266-269 (March 1999): 1230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3115(98)00569-8.

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Carotenuto, R., G. Caliano, A. Caronti, A. Savoia, and M. Pappalardo. "Fast scanning probe for ophthalmic echography using an ultrasound motor." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 52, no. 11 (November 2005): 2039–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2005.1561673.

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Knebel, D., M. Amrein, K. Voigt, and R. Reichelt. "A fast and versatile scan unit for scanning probe microscopy." Scanning 19, no. 4 (June 1997): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sca.4950190403.

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Dremov, Vyacheslav, Vitaly Fedoseev, Pavel Fedorov, and Artem Grebenko. "Fast and reliable method of conductive carbon nanotube-probe fabrication for scanning probe microscopy." Review of Scientific Instruments 86, no. 5 (May 2015): 053703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4921323.

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Douglas, Mark, and Niels Kuster. "Comment on Liu et al. “Discrepancies of Measured SAR between Traditional and Fast Measuring Systems.” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2020, 17, 2111." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (July 14, 2020): 5045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145045.

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An article published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health compares two types of specific absorption rate measurement systems—a fast system using a time-domain array and a traditional system using probe scanning. While the time-domain array system is analyzed in detail under idealized conditions, the probe-scanning system evaluation used a fixed set of scanning and evaluation parameters that are not fully compliant with the requirements of the published standards. This leads to a false comparison and the incorrect conclusion that time-domain array systems can be theoretically more accurate than probe-scanning systems. We have repeated the analysis applied in the paper using the same raw data but with state-of-the art scanning and evaluation parameters. The results confirm the high accuracy of probe-scanning systems for any field distribution. Due to the high precision, robustness, and reliability of probe-scanning systems, the results of these systems are often referred to as reference results.

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Kindt, Johannes H., Georg E. Fantner, Jackie A. Cutroni, and Paul K. Hansma. "Rigid design of fast scanning probe microscopes using finite element analysis." Ultramicroscopy 100, no. 3-4 (August 2004): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2003.11.009.

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Seo, Yongho, June H. Park, Jin B. Moon, and Wonho Jhe. "Fast-scanning shear-force microscopy using a high-frequency dithering probe." Applied Physics Letters 77, no. 26 (December 25, 2000): 4274–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1334646.

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Zhuang, Jian, Zhiwu Wang, Zeqing Li, Pengbo Liang, and Mugubo Vincent. "Smart Scanning Ion-Conductance Microscopy Imaging Technique Using Horizontal Fast Scanning Method." Microscopy and Microanalysis 24, no. 3 (June 2018): 264–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927618000375.

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AbstractTo solve extended acquisition time issues inherent in the conventional hopping-scanning mode of scanning ion-conductance microscopy (SICM), a new transverse-fast scanning mode (TFSM) is proposed. Because the transverse motion in SICM is not the detection direction and therefore presents no collision problem, it has the ability to move at high speed. In TSFM, the SICM probe gradually descends in the vertical/detection direction and rapidly scans in the transverse/nondetection direction. Further, the highest point that decides the hopping height of each scanning line can be quickly obtained. In conventional hopping mode, however, the hopping height is artificially set without a priori knowledge and is typically very large. Consequently, TFSM greatly improves the scanning speed of the SICM imaging system by effectively reducing the hopping height of each pixel. This study verifies the feasibility of this novel scanning method via theoretical analysis and experimental study, and compares the speed and quality of the scanning images obtained in the TFSM with that of the conventional hopping mode. The experimental results indicate that the TFSM method has a faster scanning speed than other SICM scanning methods while maintaining the quality of the images. Therefore, TFSM provides the possibility to quickly obtain high-resolution three-dimensional topographical images of extremely complex samples.

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Valiūnienė, Aušra, Jurate Petroniene, Inga Morkvenaite-Vilkonciene, Georgi Popkirov, Almira Ramanaviciene, and Arunas Ramanavicius. "Redox-probe-free scanning electrochemical microscopy combined with fast Fourier transform electrochemical impedance spectroscopy." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 19 (2019): 9831–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp00187e.

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Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) hybridized with fast Fourier transform-based electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (FFT-EIS) seems to be a powerful variation of scanning electrochemical impedance microscopy (SEIM).

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Kenton, Brian J., Andrew J. Fleming, and Kam K. Leang. "Compact ultra-fast vertical nanopositioner for improving scanning probe microscope scan speed." Review of Scientific Instruments 82, no. 12 (December 2011): 123703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3664613.

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Majstrzyk, W., A. Ahmad, Tzv Ivanov, A. Reum, T. Angelow, M. Holz, T. Gotszalk, and I. W. Rangelow. "Thermomechanically and electromagnetically actuated piezoresistive cantilevers for fast-scanning probe microscopy investigations." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 276 (June 2018): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2018.04.028.

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McMurray, H. N., A. J. Coleman, G. Williams, Andreas Afseth, and Geoff M. Scamans. "Scanning Kelvin Probe Studies of Cosmetic (Filiform) Corrosion on AA6016." Materials Science Forum 519-521 (July 2006): 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.679.

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Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP) potentiometry is used to systematically investigate the effect of surface abrasion and subsequent heat-treatment on the open-circuit potential in humid air of the AA6016 surface. SKP is also used to follow the kinetics of filiform corrosion and to determine characteristic potentials associated with the electrolyte-filled filiform head and dry filiform tail. It is shown that simply abrading with 180 grit SiC produces a surface potential up to 0.5V lower than the bulk. When the abraded sample is overcoated with a 30 micron layer of PVB (polyvinyl butyral) and exposed to HCl a fast, superficial filiform corrosion (FFC) is observed in which metal loss is limited to the thickness of the surface layer. Filiform head OCP values are similar to that of the surface layer, whereas filiform tail OCP values are similar to the bulk. A mechanism is proposed in which the ultra-fine grain structure of the surface layer produces an anodic activation and the potential difference between the surface layer and the bulk provides and increased thermodynamic driving force for corrosion. For post-abrasion heat treatment temperatures up to 350°C the fast filiform process is followed by a slower, deeper form of FFC.

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Tiwari, Aarti, Vikram Singh, Debaprasad Mandal, and Tharamani C. Nagaiah. "Nitrogen containing carbon spheres as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction: Microelectrochemical investigation and visualization." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 37 (2017): 20014–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta05503j.

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23

Ishikawa, Ryo, Yu Jimbo, Mitsuhisa Terao, Masashi Nishikawa, Yujiro Ueno, Shigeyuki Morishita, Masaki Mukai, Naoya Shibata, and Yuichi Ikuhara. "High spatiotemporal-resolution imaging in the scanning transmission electron microscope." Microscopy 69, no. 4 (April 3, 2020): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmicro/dfaa017.

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Abstract The temporal resolution in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is limited by the scanning system of an electron probe, leading to only a few frames per second (fps) at most in the current microscopes. To push the boundary of atomic-resolution STEM imaging into dynamic observations, an unprecedentedly faster scanning system combined with fast electron detection systems should be a prerequisite. Here we develop a new scanning probe system with the acquisition time of 83 nanoseconds per pixel and the fly-back time of 35 microseconds, leading to 25 fps STEM imaging with the image size of 512 × 512 pixels that is faster than a human perception speed. Using such high-speed probe scanning system, we have demonstrated the observations of shape-transformation of Pt nanoparticles and Pt single atomic motions on TiO2 (110) surface at atomic-resolution with the temporal resolution of 40 milliseconds. The present probe scanning system opens the door to use atomic-resolution STEM imaging for in situ observations of material dynamics under the temperatures of cooling or heating, the atmosphere of liquid or gas, electric-basing or mechanical test.

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Li, Zhenhua, Tielin Shi, and Qi Xia. "An optimized harmonic probe with tailored resonant mode for multifrequency atomic force microscopy." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 11 (November 2018): 168781401881120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018811200.

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For simultaneously measuring specimen’s surface morphology and material properties, multifrequency atomic force microscopy is often employed. In this kind of atomic force microscopy, if the probe’s higher-order resonance frequencies match the integer multiples of its fundamental frequency, the probe’s responses at such harmonic frequencies will be enhanced. Meanwhile, an enlarged effective slope during vibration at the probe’s tip results in an improved probe sensitivity. Moreover, increasing the probe’s natural frequency leads to a fast scanning speed. In this study, we propose to design cantilever probes that satisfy the aforementioned requirements via a structural optimization technique. A cantilever probe is represented by a three-layer symmetrical geometric model, and its width profile is continuously varied through the optimization procedure. Thereafter, an optimized design of probe considering the fifth harmonic is prepared by focused ion beam milling. Both simulation and experiment results show that the prepared probe agrees well with design requirements.

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Kim, Na Hee, Junho Lee, Sungnam Park, Junyang Jung, and Dokyoung Kim. "A Schiff Base Fluorescence Enhancement Probe for Fe(III) and Its Sensing Applications in Cancer Cells." Sensors 19, no. 11 (May 31, 2019): 2500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19112500.

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We report a new Schiff base fluorescent probe which senses ferric ion, Fe(III), with a significant fluorescence enhancement response. The probe showed high sensitivity (0.8 ppb), and fast response time (<10 s) of Fe(III) in aqueous media. In addition, the probe showed the ability to sense Fe(III) in a HeLa cancer cell line, with very low cytotoxicity. As a new bio-imaging probe for Fe(III), it gave bright fluorescent images in confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).

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WATT, FRANK, XIAO CHEN, CE-BELLE CHEN, CHAMMIKA NB UDALAGAMA, MINQIN REN, G. PASTORIN, and ANDREW BETTIOL. "FAST ION BEAM MICROSCOPY OF WHOLE CELLS." COSMOS 09, no. 01 (December 2013): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219607713500055.

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The way in which biological cells function is of prime importance, and the determination of such knowledge is highly dependent on probes that can extract information from within the cell. Probing deep inside the cell at high resolutions however is not easy: optical microscopy is limited by fundamental diffraction limits, electron microscopy is not able to maintain spatial resolutions inside a whole cell without slicing the cell into thin sections, and many other new and novel high resolution techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and near field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) are essentially surface probes. In this paper we show that microscopy using fast ions has the potential to extract information from inside whole cells in a unique way. This novel fast ion probe utilises the unique characteristic of MeV ion beams, which is the ability to pass through a whole cell while maintaining high spatial resolutions. This paper first addresses the fundamental difference between several types of charged particle probes, more specifically focused beams of electrons and fast ions, as they penetrate organic material. Simulations show that whereas electrons scatter as they penetrate the sample, ions travel in a straight path and therefore maintain spatial resolutions. Also described is a preliminary experiment in which a whole cell is scanned using a low energy (45 keV) helium ion microscope, and the results compared to images obtained using a focused beam of fast (1.2 MeV) helium ions. The results demonstrate the complementarity between imaging using low energy ions, which essentially produce a high resolution image of the cell surface, and high energy ions, which produce an image of the cell interior. The characteristics of the fast ion probe appear to be ideally suited for imaging gold nanoparticles in whole cells. Using scanning transmission ion microscopy (STIM) to image the cell interior, forward scattering transmission ion microscopy (FSTIM) to improve the contrast of the gold nanoparticles, and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) to determine the depth of the gold nanoparticles in the cell, a 3D visualization of the nanoparticles within the cell can be constructed. Finally a new technique, proton induced fluorescence (PIF), is tested on a cell stained with DAPI, a cell-nucleic acid stain that exhibits a 20-fold increase in fluorescence when binding to DNA. The results indicate that the technique of PIF, although still at an early stage of development, has high potential since there does not seem to be any physical barrier to develop simultaneous structural and fluorescence imaging at sub 10 nm resolutions.

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Huang, K. Y., and C. J. Lee. "Design and Development of a Piezoelectric Actuator for the Scanning Probe Microscope Used in Ultrahigh Vacuum." Journal of Mechanics 23, no. 2 (June 2007): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1727719100001143.

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AbstractThis paper is to present the design and development of a piezoelectric actuator for SPM in ultrahigh vacuum (10−7∼10−9 Torr). The measuring probe is installed on a precise scanning actuator, which is further driven by a fast approaching actuator. The precise scanning actuator composed of a piezo-tube with segmented electrodes can realize 3-D precise scanning motions at subnanometer level to move the measuring probe over the measured surface. Because of its stable and smooth actuating behavior, the inchworm actuating principle is selected for the fast approaching actuator, which is build up with two controllable clamping devices and an actuating device. Diverse flexure mechanisms are applied in the actuator to attain frictionless guiding and recovery functions. To realize balanced clamping forces on the scanning tube, each clamping device is integrated with a fine regulating mechanism for clamping force. By applying the theoretical model and the finite element analysis, the relations between force and deflection inside the actuator were investigated to validate its function. The developed actuator has sustained the severe baking and pumping process, and their function and performance were verified experimentally in ultrahigh vacuum.

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Lopukhin, Aleksei, Konstantin Boltar, Vladimir Akimov, and Maksim Arbuzov. "Distribution of sensitivity along the area of FPA pixel, limited by the diffraction limit of the scanning mask." Applied Physics, no. 5 (November 18, 2021): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51368/1996-0948-2021-5-44-52.

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Consideration is given to the distribution of sensitivity along the area of indium antimonide FPA pixel obtained with the aid of the nondestructive method of the scanning mask on the basis of the fast testing open probe installation.

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Fan, Kuang Chao, and Y. J. Chen. "A Study on the Mechanism of a New High Speed Scanning Miniature Nano-Measurement Probe." Key Engineering Materials 295-296 (October 2005): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.295-296.71.

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The primary purpose of this research is to adopt a commercially available DVD pickup head and modify it to become a high-speed scanning nano-measurement probe. With the principle of astigmatism the probe can execute the autofocusing motion by an imbedded voice coil motor (VCM) following the height change of the tested object in the vertical Z-direction. Given high precision triangular current signal with appropriate frequency to the input ports of tracking, the same VCM can be moved along the lateral X-direction for profile scanning. Firstly this paper presents the structure of DVD pickup head, the theory of autofocusing and auto scanning, and the developed controller. Then experimental setups and accuracy calibration will be introduced. In order to achieve a bi-directional precision measurement in autofocusing and scanning, this study has developed a hysteresis error compensation scheme by a DSP-32 integrated system. In association with a high precision linear stage in Y-direction, this high precision micro/nano optical probe can measure the 3D profile of the miniature object successfully at fast speed.

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Xu, Shou-Zhen, Shi-Meng Xie, Dan Wu, Zi-Hui Chi, and Lin Huang. "Ultrasound/photoacoustic dual-modality imaging based on acoustic scanning galvanometer." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 5 (2022): 050701. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20211394.

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Ultrasound/photoacoustic dual-modality imaging technology has greatly promoted the clinical application and photoacoustic imaging technology because it integrates the advantages of high-resolution structural imaging of ultrasound and high-contrast functional imaging of photoacoustic imaging. Traditional ultrasound/photoacoustic dual-modality imaging is based mainly on the array probe used in ultrasound imaging to collect photoacoustic signals at the same time. The system has a compact structure and easy operation. However, this kind of equipment utilizes array probes and multi-channel data acquisition system, which makes it expensive. And the imaging quality can be affected by the difference in channel consistency. In this paper, an ultrasound/photoacoustic dual-modality imaging method based on an acoustic scanning galvanometer is proposed. In this system, a single ultrasonic transducer combined with a one-dimensional acoustic scanning galvanometer is used for fast acoustic beam scanning to realize ultrasound/photoacoustic dual-modality imaging. It is a compact, low-cost and fast dual-modality imaging technology. The experimental results show that the effective imaging range of the system is 15.6 mm, and the temporal resolution of ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging are 1.0 and 0.1 s<sup>–1 </sup>(B scan), respectively (the temporal resolution of photoacoustic imaging is limited mainly by the laser repetition rate). Based on the proposed technology research, it is helpful to further promote the clinical transformation and popularization of ultrasound/photoacoustic dual-modality imaging. It also provides a low-cost, miniaturized and fast scheme for multimodal imaging technology which is based on ultrasound signal detection.

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Masuzaki, Suguru, Noriyasu Ohno, Makoto Takagi, and Shuichi Takamura. "Generation of High Heat Flux Plasma and its Diagnostic System Using Fast Scanning Probe." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 112, no. 11 (1992): 913–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms1990.112.11_913.

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Acosta, Juan Camilo, Jérôme Polesel-Maris, François Thoyer, Hui Xie, Sinan Haliyo, and Stéphane Régnier. "Gentle and fast atomic force microscopy with a piezoelectric scanning probe for nanorobotics applications." Nanotechnology 24, no. 6 (January 22, 2013): 065502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/24/6/065502.

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de Voogd, J. M., M. A. van Spronsen, F. E. Kalff, B. Bryant, O. Ostojić, A. M. J. den Haan, I. M. N. Groot, T. H. Oosterkamp, A. F. Otte, and M. J. Rost. "Fast and reliable pre-approach for scanning probe microscopes based on tip-sample capacitance." Ultramicroscopy 181 (October 2017): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2017.05.009.

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Dinarelli, S., F. Mura, C. Mancini, G. La Penna, T. Rinaldi, and M. Rossi. "Comparison of different correlative AFM-SEM workflows on calcite moonmilk." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1265, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1265/1/012011.

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In recent years, high resolution microscopy techniques are evolving toward a fast combination of different microscopies and spectroscopies, generally labelled under the title of correlative microscopy, each capable to provide unique information and a more comprehensive characterization of the sample under analysis. Among them stands out the Correlative Probe to Electron Microscopy (CPEM), where Scanning Electron Microscopy and Scanning Probe Microscopy are combined. This kind of technique is relatively new, and its range of capabilities is still not fully explored. In this paper, a demonstration of different CPEM workflows to characterize the moonmilk, a particular type of nanostructured calcium carbonate, extracted from ancient tombs of the Etruscan Necropolis of Tarquinia, is provided. Besides, the advantages of an innovative AFM-in-SEM setup, even respect to the standard standalone AFM measurement, are presented, showing how the analysis of the moonmilk nano-fibers, a rather challenging sample to be analysed with probe microscopies, is simplified and with less risk of artefacts or contamination of the AFM probe.

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Bell, David C., Anthony J. Garratt-Reed, and Linn W. Hobbs. "RDF Analysis of Radiation-Amorphized SiC using a field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (July 1998): 700–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760002362x.

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AbstractFast electrons are a particularly useful chemical and structural probe for the small sample volumes associated with ion- or fast electron-irradiation-induced amorphization, because of their much stronger interaction with matter than for X-rays or neutrons, and also because they can be readily focused to small probes. Three derivative signals are particularly rich in information: the angular distribution of scattered electrons (which is utilized in both diffraction and imaging studies); the energy loss spectrum of scattered electrons (electron energy loss spectroscopy, or EELS); and the emission spectrum of characteristic X-rays resulting from ionization energy losses (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, or EDXS). We have applied the first two to the study of three amorphized compounds (AIPO4, SiO2, SiC) using MIT's Vacuum Generators HB603 field-emission (FEG) scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), operating at 250 kV and equipped with a Gatan digital parallel-detection electron energy-loss spectrometer (digiPEELS).

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Magonov, Sergei. "Phase Contrast Imaging in Atomic Force Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (August 1997): 1275–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760001326x.

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Phase detection in TappingMode™ enhances capabilities of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) for soft samples (polymers and biological materials). Changes of amplitude and phase changes of a fast oscillating probe are caused by tip-sample force interactions. Height images reflect the amplitude changes, and in most cases they present a sample topography. Phase images show local differences between phases of free-oscillating probe and of probe interacting with a sample surface. These differences are related to the change of the resonance frequency of the probe either by attractive or repulsive tip-sample forces. Therefore phase detection helps to choose attractive or repulsive force regime for surface imaging and to minimize tip-sample force. For heterogeneous materials the phase imaging allows to distinguish individual components and to visualize their distribution due to differences in phase contrast. This is typically achieved in moderate tapping, when set-point amplitude, Asp, is about half of the amplitude of free-oscillating cantilever, Ao. In contrast, light tapping with Asp close to Ao is best suited for recording a true topography of the topmost surface layer of soft samples. Examples of phase imaging of polymers obtained with a scanning probe microscope Nanoscope® IIIa (Digital Instruments). Si probes (225 μk long, resonance frequencies 150-200 kHz) were used.

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Cheng, Jun, Cheng Yu, Shuai Xu, Jinhao Qiu, Toshiyuki Takagi, and Dezhang Xu. "Measurement of directionality in carbon fiber reinforced plastic composite with eddy current testing." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 64, no. 1-4 (December 10, 2020): 1207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-209438.

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In carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite, the alignment of continuous carbon fibers guides the directional flow of eddy currents, which is beneficial to the structural and damage detection. In this study, for the purpose of impact damage repair, the transmitter-receiver (T-R) and the flat-tangent eddy current probes are used to determine the fiber orientations and stacking sequence in the CFRP laminate by surface scanning. Theoretical analysis shows that the T-R probe can flexibly pick up the magnetic field generated by the stretched eddy current in CFRP layers. In the meanwhile, the flat-tangent probe possesses layer selective characteristics. By calculating the fiber distribution images of individual directions based on two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2D-FFT) and comparing the order of pixel intensity values of these images, the fiber orientation and the stacking sequence in the laminate plates can be obtained simultaneously, which provides guidance for damage detection and repair of the CFRP structures.

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Wu, Chunyan, Li Yang, Zai Luo, and Wensong Jiang. "Linear Laser Scanning Measurement Method Tracking by a Binocular Vision." Sensors 22, no. 9 (May 7, 2022): 3572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093572.

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The 3D scanning of a freeform structure relies on the laser probe and the localization system. The localization system, determining the effect of the point cloud reconstruction, will generate positioning errors when the laser probe works in complex paths with a fast speed. To reduce the errors, in this paper, a linear laser scanning measurement method is proposed based on binocular vision calibration. A simple and effective eight-point positioning marker attached to the scanner is proposed to complete the positioning and tracking procedure. Based on this, the method of marked point detection based on image moment and the principle of global coordinate system calibration are introduced in detail. According to the invariance principle of space distance, the corresponding points matching method between different coordinate systems is designed. The experimental results show that the binocular vision system can complete localization under different light intensities and complex environments, and that the repeated translation error of the binocular vision system is less than 0.22 mm, while the rotation error is less than 0.15°. The repeated error of the measurement system is less than 0.36 mm, which can meet the requirements of the 3D shape measurement of the complex workpiece.

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Sikora, Andrzej, and Lukasz Bednarz. "The accuracy of an optically supported fast approach solution for scanning probe microscopy (SPM)-measuring devices." Measurement Science and Technology 22, no. 9 (August 8, 2011): 094015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/22/9/094015.

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Hashimoto, Ken-ya, Nan Wu, Tatsuya Omori, and Masatsune Yamaguchi. "Phase-sensitive and fast-scanning laser probe system for diagnosis of high frequency acoustic wave devices." Procedia Engineering 5 (2010): 846–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2010.09.241.

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Bahn, Sebin, Soo Bong Choi, Woongkyu Park, Hae-Yong Jeong, and Kyung-Ho Park. "Fabrication of Si-based AFM Probe with High Q-factor for Fast Non-Contact Mode Scanning." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 74, no. 2 (January 2019): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.74.94.

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Castro, Pollyana S., Alex S. Lima, Tiago L. Ferreira, and Mauro Bertotti. "Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy as a Tool for the Characterization of Dental Erosion." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/952470.

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When the tooth is exposed to acidic environments, an irreversible loss of dental hard tissue occurs in a process called dental erosion. In this work, the scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was used to probe the consumption of protons at the vicinity of a tooth surface with a platinum microelectrode fixed at −0.5 (V) versus Ag/AgCl/KCl(sat). SECM approach curves were recorded to assess the extent of diffusion in the solution close to the tooth substrate. SECM images clearly demonstrated that the acid erosion process is very fast at solution pH values in the range between 3 and 4.

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Wang, Lei, Si-Di Gong, Jing Wen, and Ci Hui Yang. "An Improved Electrical Switching and Phase-Transition Model for Scanning Probe Phase-Change Memory." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8078165.

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Scanning probe phase-change memory (SPPCM) has been widely considered as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation data storage devices due to its fast switching time, low power consumption, and potential for ultra-high density. Development of a comprehensive model able to accurately describe all the physical processes involved in SPPCM operations is therefore vital to provide researchers with an effective route for device optimization. In this paper, we introduce a pseudo-three-dimensional model to simulate the electrothermal and phase-transition phenomena observed during the SPPCM writing process by simultaneously solving Laplace’s equation to model the electrical process, the classical heat transfer equation, and a rate equation to model phase transitions. The crystalline bit region of a typical probe system and the resulting current-voltage curve obtained from simulations of the writing process showed good agreement with experimental results obtained under an equivalent configuration, demonstrating the validity of the proposed model.

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Liu, Zicheng, Djamel Allal, Maurice Cox, and Joe Wiart. "Discrepancies of Measured SAR between Traditional and Fast Measuring Systems." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 22, 2020): 2111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062111.

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Human exposure to mobile devices is traditionally measured by a system in which the human body (or head) is modelled by a phantom and the energy absorbed from the device is estimated based on the electric fields measured with a single probe. Such a system suffers from low efficiency due to repeated volumetric scanning within the phantom needed to capture the absorbed energy throughout the volume. To speed up the measurement, fast SAR (specific absorption rate) measuring systems have been developed. However, discrepancies of measured results are observed between traditional and fast measuring systems. In this paper, the discrepancies in terms of post-processing procedures after the measurement of electric field (or its amplitude) are investigated. Here, the concerned fast measuring system estimates SAR based on the reconstructed field of the region of interest while the amplitude and phase of the electric field are measured on a single plane with a probe array. The numerical results presented indicate that the fast SAR measuring system has the potential to yield more accurate estimations than the traditional system, but no conclusion can be made on which kind of system is superior without knowledge of the field-reconstruction algorithms and the emitting source.

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Kim, Jun Hee, and Yoon-Myoung Gimm. "Measurement Data Comparison of Fast SAR Measurement System by Probe Arrays with Robot Scanning SAR Measurement System." Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science 14, no. 4 (December 30, 2014): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/jkiees.2014.14.4.336.

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Reinecke, T., L. Hagemeier, S. Ahrens, Y. Doroschenko, M. Klintschar, and S. Zimmermann. "A novel coplanar probe design for fast scanning of edema in human brain tissue via dielectric measurements." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 220 (December 2015): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2015.06.002.

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Kelley, Kyle P., Maxim Ziatdinov, Liam Collins, Michael A. Susner, Rama K. Vasudevan, Nina Balke, Sergei V. Kalinin, and Stephen Jesse. "Fast Scanning Probe Microscopy via Machine Learning: Non‐Rectangular Scans with Compressed Sensing and Gaussian Process Optimization." Small 16, no. 37 (August 11, 2020): 2002878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.202002878.

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Yan, Mingfei, Yasuo Wakabayashi, Yoshie Otake, Yujiro Ikeda, Atsushi Taketani, Takao Hashiguchi, Sheng Wang, et al. "Reconstruction on fast neutron CT for concrete structure inspection with a pixel-type detector by applying linear scanning method." EPJ Web of Conferences 231 (2020): 05008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023105008.

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Concrete structure has been widely used in bridges and highways, however, its performance will be deteriorated after long term serving or suffering disaster. Since fast neutron has strong transmission ability and is sensitive to water content in the concrete structure, it can provide an effective probe to inspect the inner structure of concrete with non-destructive way. Thus, we propose a fast neutron imaging and reconstruction system of 3D CT for concrete structure inspection with Riken accelerator-driven compact neutron source (RANS) using a fast neutron pixel-type detector, which has 8×8 pixels. To have a good space resolution on the reconstructed image, a rotation + linear scanning method is devised and is used to collect the projection data from experiment or calculation. In this paper, reconstruction for a concrete object containing both iron bars and acrylic bars for simulation of water has been conducted. As a result, 3D image of 1cm diameter bar is reconstructed by the sparse reconstruction algorithm.

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D'Agostino, Francesco, Flaminio Ferrara, Claudio Gennarelli, Rocco Guerriero, and Massimo Migliozzi. "Near-Field/Far-Field Transformation with Helicoidal Scanning from Irregularly Spaced Data." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2010 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/859396.

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A fast and accurate technique for the compensation of the probe positioning errors in the near-field/far-field transformation with helicoidal scanning is proposed in this paper. It relies on a nonredundant sampling representation using a spherical modelling of the antenna under test and employs an iterative scheme to evaluate the near-field data at the points fixed by the helicoidal nonredundant representation from the acquired irregularly distributed ones. Once these helicoidal data have been recovered, those required by a classical cylindrical near-field/far-field transformation are efficiently determined by using an optimal sampling interpolation algorithm. Some numerical tests assessing the effectiveness of the proposed approach and its stability with respect to random errors affecting the near-field data are shown.

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Somlyo, Avril V., and Andrew P. Somlyo. "Electron probe x-ray microanalysis of subcellular ion transport in situ." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (August 1992): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100120485.

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Electron probe x ray microanalysis [EPMA] provides quantitative information within a single spectrum about elements of biological interest with atomic number of 11 or greater. Therefore, the transport of ions and their accompanying co and counter ions across organelle membranes can be studied in situ by sampling within and adjacent to the intracellular organelle of interest under resting and stimulated conditions.EPMA is based on the fact that the ionization of atoms by fast electrons generates x rays having energies characteristic of the excited atoms. The interaction of incident fast electrons with atomic nuclei generates a background of continuum x rays. Elemental quantitation of ultra thin sections with EPMA is generally based on the linear relationship between elemental concentrations and the ratio of the number of characteristic/continuum. The use of this principle, together with the appropriate standards for calibration, has been the most successful approach for quantitative biological EPMA. The spatial resolution of EPMA at present is better than 10 nm and the practical limit of sensitivity for detecting calcium, (albeit with high electron dose), is approximately 0.3 mmol/kg dry wt. Two modes of data collection are utilized: fixed probe analysis of a region of interest or a scanning probe mode, where an x ray spectrum is collected at each picture point, to obtain quantitative elemental x ray maps. To preserve the morphology and the in vivo distribution of diffusible elements, we prepare specimens by rapid freezing in sub cooled Freon or, more recently with a Lifecell CF100 metal are mirror device; thin sections cut at -130 °C to -160 °C on a Reichert cryoultramicrotome. Msec time resolution of physiological are events can be achieved by freeze trapping.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fast scanning probe'

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