Journal articles: 'Fast growing population'

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Hvistendahl, M. "China's Population Growing Slowly, Changing Fast." Science 332, no. 6030 (May 5, 2011): 650–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.332.6030.650.

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Rennie, Michael D., Nicholas C. Collins, Brian J. Shuter, James W. Rajotte, and Patrice Couture. "A comparison of methods for estimating activity costs of wild fish populations: more active fish observed to grow slower." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 767–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-052.

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Activity costs can account for a major proportion of fish energy budgets and may trade off against observed growth rates in wild fish populations. Recent approaches to estimating activity costs in situ have used a contaminantbioenergetic mass balance modelling approach, allowing for a broader examination of activity costs among populations compared with time-consuming alternative approaches. We report the results of this contaminantbioenergetic modelling approach to estimating in situ activity costs compared with two alternative independent methods of assessing in situ activity costs. Comparisons were made between a fast- and slow-growing yellow perch (Perca flavescens) population. Contaminantbioenergetic estimates of activity costs in the fast-growing population were 39% lower than those in the slow-growing population. Activity estimated from recorded swimming behaviours was 37% lower in the fast-growing population and 22%29% lower in the fast-growing population based on published relationships between activity costs and axial white muscle glycolytic enzyme capacities. Consumption rates were actually 32% lower in the fast-growing population, implying that lower activity costs more than compensated for lower food intake. The agreement among the three independent measures of activity costs strongly support the idea that activity costs, rather than food intake, are a major determinant of growth differences in these two wild fish populations.

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Marnis, Huria, Evi Tahapari, and Jadmiko Darmawan. "GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF the first and second generations OF FAST-GROWING STRIPED CATFISH (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Sauvage,1878) USING MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS." Indonesian Aquaculture Journal 13, no. 1 (August 10, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/iaj.13.1.2018.1-6.

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Genetic diversity is an important aspect of a selective breeding program to produce fish broodstock carrying superior traits such as fast-growing, disease resistant, and other traits. We have carried out a breeding program to produce a fast-growing striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) since 2010. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic variation of the first (G-1) and second (G-2) generations of fast-growing striped catfish using microsatellite analysis. The G-1 and G-2 populations were selected individually from populations. DNA samples were collected from 40 ind. fish of each population and analyzed using five microsatellite loci (Pg1, Pg2, Pg3, Pg13, and Pg14). The results showed that the number of alleles per loci in the G-1 and G2 populations ranged from 4 to 7 alleles, with an average of five for each generation. The average of observed heterozygosity of the G-1 population (0.420) was lower than the G-2 population (0.495). Inbreeding level showed that the G-1 population was more inbred than the G-2 population. The study also found that both striped catfish populations had relatively low genetic variation. This result suggests that monitoring of genetic variation and better scheme of good spawning were needed on the next selection program to produce the intended fast-growing striped catfish.

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Nowak, Wioletta. "Food crisis in fast-growing Turkmenistan." Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 43, no. 3 (December 19, 2021): 287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.43.3.20.

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Since the beginning of the 21st century, Turkmenistan’s economy has been growing very fast, which has been primarily generated through the extractive sector and construction industry. After the energy price collapse in mid-2014, the country has recorded a shortage of foreign currency. The authoritarian regime passed currency and economic problems onto the society. As a result, the country has experienced the most severe food crisis in its history. The main aim of the paper is to identify the reasons behind the food crisis in Turkmenistan. The paper tries to answer the following question: how did it happen that people in one of the fastest-growing countries in the 21st century have been suffering from food shortages? The study is based on data retrieved from the World Bank Open Data, ILOSTAT, and Observatory of Economic Complexity, as well as a critical review of independent news websites. The food crisis in Turkmenistan was primarily caused by hyperinflation and rationing basic groceries at preferential prices, wage arrears, cutting salaries of state employees to fund construction projects in progress, group layoffs of state employees, growing difficulties in running a private business, and depriving people of the possibility to exchange the currency at the official rate. The end of a free provision of Turkmenistan’s population with electricity, gas, and drinking water has further deepened the crisis.

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Pinsky, Malin L., and David Byler. "Fishing, fast growth and climate variability increase the risk of collapse." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1813 (August 22, 2015): 20151053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1053.

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Species around the world have suffered collapses, and a key question is why some populations are more vulnerable than others. Traditional conservation biology and evidence from terrestrial species suggest that slow-growing populations are most at risk, but interactions between climate variability and harvest dynamics may alter or even reverse this pattern. Here, we test this hypothesis globally. We use boosted regression trees to analyse the influences of harvesting, species traits and climate variability on the risk of collapse (decline below a fixed threshold) across 154 marine fish populations around the world. The most important factor explaining collapses was the magnitude of overfishing, while the duration of overfishing best explained long-term depletion. However, fast growth was the next most important risk factor. Fast-growing populations and those in variable environments were especially sensitive to overfishing, and the risk of collapse was more than tripled for fast-growing when compared with slow-growing species that experienced overfishing. We found little evidence that, in the absence of overfishing, climate variability or fast growth rates alone drove population collapse over the last six decades. Expanding efforts to rapidly adjust harvest pressure to account for climate-driven lows in productivity could help to avoid future collapses, particularly among fast-growing species.

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MARIS, Martin. "Municipal changes in Slovakia. The evidence from spatial data." European Journal of Geography 11, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.48088/ejg.m.mar.11.1.58.72.

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The main objective of the paper is to examine the evolution of spatial patterns of settlement network in Slovakia as a result of population rearrangement among municipalities based on time series data of 1993 - 2017. The objects of the research are municipalities, which during the searched period recorded unusual fast population growth or decline, far exceeding the chosen parameter of the population sample. The primary population sample consists of 2919 municipalities. The experimental samples consist of 563 of fast-growing municipalities and 413 of fast-declining municipalities, based on the chosen statistical criteria, what is the compound annual growth rate. The results have shown that fast-growing municipalities are predominantly situated on the West, surrounding the Bratislava agglomeration, on the North and the East surrounding the Kosice metropolis. Generally, they tend to cluster around the cities on the district and regional levels. Fast-declining municipalities predominantly situated in the Middle, along the Hungarian, Polish, and Ukrainian border on the South and the East of the country, respectively.

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Korcok, M. "Medical schools face challenge of preparing physicians to care for fast-growing elderly population." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 253, no. 9 (March 1, 1985): 1225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.253.9.1225.

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Korcok, Milan. "Medical schools face challenge of preparing physicians to care for fast-growing elderly population." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 253, no. 9 (March 1, 1985): 1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1985.03350330015002.

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Mikola, Juha, Katariina Koikkalainen, Mira Rasehorn, Tarja Silfver, Ulla Paaso, and Matti Rousi. "Genotypic traits and tradeoffs of fast growth in silver birch, a pioneer tree." Oecologia 196, no. 4 (July 26, 2021): 1049–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-021-04986-9.

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AbstractFast-growing and slow-growing plant species are suggested to show integrated economics spectrums and the tradeoffs of fast growth are predicted to emerge as susceptibility to herbivory and resource competition. We tested if these predictions also hold for fast-growing and slow-growing genotypes within a silver birch, Betula pendula population. We exposed cloned saplings of 17 genotypes with slow, medium or fast height growth to reduced insect herbivory, using an insecticide, and to increasing resource competition, using naturally varying field plot grass cover. We measured shoot and root growth, ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal production using ergosterol analysis and soil N transfer to leaves using 15N-labelled pulse of NH4+. We found that fast-growing genotypes grew on average 78% faster, produced 56% and 16% more leaf mass and ergosterol, and showed 78% higher leaf N uptake than slow-growing genotypes. The insecticide decreased leaf damage by 83% and increased shoot growth, leaf growth and leaf N uptake by 38%, 52% and 76%, without differences between the responses of fast-growing and slow-growing genotypes, whereas root mass decreased with increasing grass cover. Shoot and leaf growth of fast-growing genotypes decreased and EM fungal production of slow-growing genotypes increased with increasing grass cover. Our results suggest that fast growth is genotypically associated with higher allocation to EM fungi, better soil N capture and greater leaf production, and that the tradeoff of fast growth is sensitivity to competition, but not to insect herbivory. EM fungi may have a dual role: to support growth of fast-growing genotypes under low grass competition and to maintain growth of slow-growing genotypes under intensifying competition.

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Wanjari, Dinesh. "An overview on fast dissolving oral strips." International Journal of Bioassays 3, no. 07 (July 16, 2014): 3185. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2014.07.0015.

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There is a growing demand for novel dosage forms to cater to the needs of the pediatric and geriatric population. In order to assist or satisfy these patients, several fast disintegrating drug delivery systems have been developed and marketed. However, such fast disintegrating solid preparations suffer from certain major drawbacks including fear of choking/swallowing, fragility and friability and requirement of specialized and expensive packaging.

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Stock, L. "Hispanic Americans: A Brief Profile." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 81, no. 6 (June 1987): 262–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x8708100608.

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The latest population statistics show the Hispanic population in the US to be fast-growing, young and very diverse in nature. While the Hispanic group lags behind the general population in average education and employment rates, many gains have been made in the past decade. The growing numbers and attainments of Hispanics will mean an increased demand for better education, employment and training programs, housing and family services.

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Ennis, Gretchen, and Mary Finlayson. "Alcohol, Violence, and a Fast Growing Male Population: Exploring a Risky-Mix in “Boomtown” Darwin." Social Work in Public Health 30, no. 1 (November 6, 2014): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19371918.2014.938392.

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Tajnikar, Maks, Nina Ponikvar, and Petra Dosenovic-Bonca. "Characteristics of firms with different types of growth: The case of Slovenia." Ekonomski anali 61, no. 208 (2016): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1608027t.

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The authors of this paper develop a new typology of growing and fast-growing firms, based on consistent application of the microeconomic theory of the firm, and thereby addressing some limitations of existing studies that investigate growing and fast-growing firms. A rich database available for the entire population of business entities in Slovenia enables the authors to use the proposed typology and investigate key demographic and other characteristics of firms with different types of growth in the 2007-12 period. The authors conclude that the case of Slovenia and the analysis of firm characteristics confirm the adequacy of the proposed typology.

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Santhanam Panneer Selvam, Karthik Ganesh Mohanraj, and Raghu Sandhya. "Impact of fast foods on developing cardiovascular diseases in adolescent population." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (September 10, 2020): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.2923.

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Fast foods are foods which are easily prepared, processed food served in snack bars and restaurants. Industrial foods such as canned foods or snacks may also be considered as fast foods. The aim of the study was to show the impact of fast food consumption and awareness on developing cardiovascular diseases especially in adolescents. Several other researchers had given an overall picture about the impact of fast food; this study focuses only on the adolescent population. To check the awareness level among the adolescents population a questionnaire containing 15 questions was prepared. This survey was carried between the months of June 2019 to March 2020 among the adolescent population living in Chennai. This survey was carried under an online platform where the participants responded to their answers. The result showed almost 88% participants are aware that over consumption of fast food can cause adverse effects in the cardiovascular system like cardiac arrest and remaining 12% participants are not aware about the impact caused by fast food- developing cardiovascular disease. So considering the growing interest in out-of-home meals and high prevalence of fast food consumption, food policies with an emphasis on providing healthy foods, and making nutritional information at fast-food restaurants may help consumers to order more healthful or lower-calorie foods.

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Sandra, Siska Aliyas, Hasan Nasrullah, Harton Arfah, Muhammad Zairin Jr., and Alimuddin Alimuddin. "GROWTH AND EXPRESSION PATTERN OF GROWTH-RELATED GENES IN THE FAST-GROWING GIANT GOURAMI Osphronemus goramy." Indonesian Aquaculture Journal 16, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/iaj.16.2.2021.79-89.

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Growth improvement of the giant gourami through molecular assisted selection offers a breakthrough solution regarding the slow growth problem in culturing the fish species. However, gene molecular expression studies and gene mapping information are scarce for this species. This study aimed to evaluate the growth, expression of the growth-related genes and compare the gene expressions between fast-growing (FG) and slow-growing (SG) fish. The polymorphism screenings were also conducted within the GH sequence of the FG and SG populations. Fish growth was analyzed by measuring length and weight once a month. The expression levels of GH, IGF1, AMPK, ARS-I, ALT, and AST genes were analyzed using real-time PCR. Twenty-five days old fish were reared for 30 days. The fish were continuously reared separately based on their body weight (BW) for 85 days until reaching 140 days old. At the end of the rearing period, the BW growth rate of the FG population was 1.569-fold higher, and body length (BL) growth was 1.056-fold higher than the SG population. FG fish have higher gene expression than the SG fish, indicating the important role of gene expression in fish growth. The polymorphisms screening within the GH sequences showed no significant difference between FG and SG fish of giant gourami. These research results provide valuable information in developing the marker-assisted selection for growth traits in giant gourami.

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Bieker, S., P. Cornel, and M. Wagner. "Semicentralised supply and treatment systems: integrated infrastructure solutions for fast growing urban areas." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 11 (June 1, 2010): 2905–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.189.

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Currently, the development of the world population is characterised by two trends: absolute population growth and rapid urbanisation. Especially rapid urbanisation, taking place in Asia, Latin America and Africa, poses major pressure on the affected regions. The development of e.g. Asian countries today is stamped by a combination of urbanisation with high economic growth rates. Conventional centralised infrastructure of supply, treatment and disposal of water is not able to cope with the new challenges arising from these, in history incomparable, high growth rates. Therefore new approaches to infrastructure supply and treatment systems are required – for ecological, sociocultural and economic reasons. The semicentralised approach, focusing on integrated water supply and treatment structures for wastewater and waste on the neighbourhood level, offers one possible solution to the challenges imposed by rapid urbanisation and growing resource needs. The change from centralised to semicentralised supply and treatment systems will minimise the grave discrepancy between the rapid urban growth and the provision of supply and treatment infrastructure. Integrated semicentralised supply and treatment systems face the challenge of growing amounts of wastewater and solid waste combined with rising needs of water for private households and industrial use. The semicentralised approach offers a wide range of flexibility in implementation, energy self-sufficient operation, enormous saving potentials in water demands through intra-urban water reuse and further more advantages in comparison to centralised sectored solutions as practised today.

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Koltunow. "Harnessing Asexual Seed Formation to Preserve Hybrid Vigour and Complex Yield Traits." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (December 24, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036003.

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Salguero-Gómez, Roberto, Owen R. Jones, Eelke Jongejans, Simon P. Blomberg, David J. Hodgson, Cyril Mbeau-Ache, Pieter A. Zuidema, Hans de Kroon, and Yvonne M. Buckley. "Fast–slow continuum and reproductive strategies structure plant life-history variation worldwide." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 1 (December 22, 2015): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1506215112.

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The identification of patterns in life-history strategies across the tree of life is essential to our prediction of population persistence, extinction, and diversification. Plants exhibit a wide range of patterns of longevity, growth, and reproduction, but the general determinants of this enormous variation in life history are poorly understood. We use demographic data from 418 plant species in the wild, from annual herbs to supercentennial trees, to examine how growth form, habitat, and phylogenetic relationships structure plant life histories and to develop a framework to predict population performance. We show that 55% of the variation in plant life-history strategies is adequately characterized using two independent axes: the fast–slow continuum, including fast-growing, short-lived plant species at one end and slow-growing, long-lived species at the other, and a reproductive strategy axis, with highly reproductive, iteroparous species at one extreme and poorly reproductive, semelparous plants with frequent shrinkage at the other. Our findings remain consistent across major habitats and are minimally affected by plant growth form and phylogenetic ancestry, suggesting that the relative independence of the fast–slow and reproduction strategy axes is general in the plant kingdom. Our findings have similarities with how life-history strategies are structured in mammals, birds, and reptiles. The position of plant species populations in the 2D space produced by both axes predicts their rate of recovery from disturbances and population growth rate. This life-history framework may complement trait-based frameworks on leaf and wood economics; together these frameworks may allow prediction of responses of plants to anthropogenic disturbances and changing environments.

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Sharma, Neha, Yash Gupta, Meenakshi Bansal, Snigdha Singh, Prateek Pathak, Mohd Shahbaaz, Raman Mathur, et al. "Multistage antiplasmodial activity of hydroxyethylamine compounds, in vitro and in vivo evaluations." RSC Advances 10, no. 58 (2020): 35516–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra03997g.

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Black, Cameron. "A Managerial Fast Break." History of the Present 12, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 207–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/21599785-9753131.

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Abstract In the mid- to late twentieth century, the field of professional sports underwent drastic cultural and economic change. No sports association was impacted as much as the National Basketball Association, which grew monumentally from 1975 to 1990. This article argues that the NBA’s growth stemmed from new collective bargaining agreements put in place during the 1980s to implement a workplace culture that fit within the broader conservative backlash during the decade. The NBA implemented punishments for drug-based and conduct-based offenses for its players and established a salary cap to regain control over players’ remuneration. This not only raised revenue but assimilated its growing population of African American players to traditional workplace norms that simultaneously attempted to counter racist stereotypes about their “natural” talents and legitimized ideas that Black players needed to be carefully managed.

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Gurven, Michael D., and Raziel J. Davison. "Periodic catastrophes over human evolutionary history are necessary to explain the forager population paradox." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 26 (June 10, 2019): 12758–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1902406116.

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The rapid growth of contemporary human foragers and steady decline of chimpanzees represent puzzling population paradoxes, as any species must exhibit near-stationary growth over much of their evolutionary history. We evaluate the conditions favoring zero population growth (ZPG) among 10 small-scale subsistence human populations and five wild chimpanzee groups according to four demographic scenarios: altered mean vital rates (i.e., fertility and mortality), vital rate stochasticity, vital rate covariance, and periodic catastrophes. Among most human populations, changing mean fertility or survivorship alone requires unprecedented alterations. Stochastic variance and covariance would similarly require major adjustment to achieve ZPG in most populations. Crashes could maintain ZPG in slow-growing populations but must be frequent and severe in fast-growing populations—more extreme than observed in the ethnographic record. A combination of vital rate alteration with catastrophes is the most realistic solution to the forager population paradox. ZPG in declining chimpanzees is more readily obtainable through reducing mortality and altering covariance. While some human populations may have hovered near ZPG under harsher conditions (e.g., violence or food shortage), modernHomo sapienswere equipped with the potential to rapidly colonize new habitats and likely experienced population fluctuations and local extinctions over evolutionary history.

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Laakkonen, Mika VM, and Heikki Hirvonen. "Is boldness towards predators related to growth rate in naïve captive-reared Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)?" Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64, no. 4 (April 1, 2007): 665–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f07-041.

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Previous studies have shown that the antipredator responsiveness of fish degenerates through generations in captive breeding. However, detailed knowledge of the underlying mechanism is still largely lacking. We tested the hypothesis that hatchery fish supposedly selected for faster growth in the hatchery environment are bolder towards predators than their slower-growing conspecifics. This was examined by comparing the antipredator behavior of predator- naïve fast- and slow-growing individuals of a captive-bred Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) population to chemical cues from natural predators burbot (Lota lota) and pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). As behavioral responses depended on char body size, we compared boldness towards predators of size-matched fast- and slow-growing char. We found no differences in four behavioral antipredator traits between size-matched groups of fast- and slow-growing char. According to these results, boldness to predator cues is not related to individual growth rate in captive-bred Arctic char.

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Patel, Ronak B., and Frederick M. Burkle. "Rapid Urbanization and the Growing Threat of Violence and Conflict: A 21st Century Crisis." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 27, no. 2 (April 2012): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x12000568.

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AbstractAs the global population is concentrated into complex environments, rapid urbanization increases the threat of conflict and insecurity. Many fast-growing cities create conditions of significant disparities in standards of living, which set up a natural environment for conflict over resources. As urban slums become a haven for criminal elements, youth gangs, and the arms trade, they also create insecurity for much of the population. Specific populations, such as women, migrants, and refugees, bear the brunt of this lack of security, with significant impacts on their livelihoods, health, and access to basic services. This lack of security and violence also has great costs to the general population, both economic and social. Cities have increasingly become the battlefield of recent conflicts as they serve as the seats of power and gateways to resources. International agencies, non-governmental organizations, and policy-makers must act to stem this tide of growing urban insecurity. Protecting urban populations and preventing future conflict will require better urban planning, investment in livelihood programs for youth, cooperation with local communities, enhanced policing, and strengthening the capacity of judicial systems.Patel RB, Burkle FM Jr. Rapid urbanization and the growing threat of violence and conflict: a 21st century crisis. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(2):1-4.

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Kor-Bicakci, G., I. Pala-Ozkok, A. Rehman, D. Jonas, E. Ubay-Cokgor, and D. Orhon. "Chronic impact of sulfamethoxazole on acetate utilization kinetics and population dynamics of fast growing microbial culture." Bioresource Technology 166 (August 2014): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.042.

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Murua, Hilario, Enrique Rodriguez-Marin, John D. Neilson, Jessica H. Farley, and María Jose Juan-Jordá. "Fast versus slow growing tuna species: age, growth, and implications for population dynamics and fisheries management." Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 27, no. 4 (May 17, 2017): 733–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11160-017-9474-1.

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Liao, Y. Y., and M. C. Lucas. "Growth, diet and metabolism of common wolf-fish in the North Sea, a fast-growing population." Journal of Fish Biology 56, no. 4 (April 2000): 810–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb00874.x.

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Kargi, Bilal. "Is Wagner’s Law Applicable for Fast Growing Economies? Brics and Matik Countries." Timisoara Journal of Economics and Business 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tjeb-2016-0001.

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Abstract This study investigates the causality relationship between public sector spending and economic growth. Although a relationship between these two variables is traditionally accepted, the direction of this causality relationship has widely been discussed. The relationship in which the increase of public sector spending moves together with the growth is called as Wagner’s Law and it is examined through developing countries’ data. As being developing country group, there is a huge literature about “BRICS countries”. The unique contribution of this study is that it defines a new developing country group as “MATIK countries” and it analyzes BRICS and MATIK (BM) countries together. Therefore, the validity of Wagner’s Law is tested on economic growth and public spending figures of these country groups which have significant population and economic size in world economy. As a result of Granger Causality Test for the period of 1961-2013, findings are obtained as Wagner’s Law is not valid for majority of BM countries, which include 10 high growing economies. This conclusion is compared with other studies, which are conducted for developing countries.

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Suciatmih, Suciatmih. "POPULASI JAMUR MIKORIZA VESIKULAR-ARBUSKULAR PADA LAHAN BEKAS GALIAN EMAS YANG DIREKLAMASI DENGAN LEGUM TUMBUH CEPAT DIKOMBINASIKAN DENGAN PENUTUP TANAH DAN MIKROBA." Berkala Penelitian Hayati 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2006): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.12.1.20068.

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A field work has been carried out to study the population of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi on degraded gold mining land that was reclamated with fast growing legume (Enterolobium sp. and Acacia mangium) trees in combination with cover crops (Centrosema pubescen dan Flemingia congesta) and microbe (VAM fungi, Rhizobium sp. and mixed Rhizobium sp. and phosphate solubilizing bacteria) inoculation. Reclamation with fast growing legumes in combination with cover crops and microbe inoculation on the degraded land increased the population of VAM fungi. After 1.5 years, the population of the fungi on the reclamated land increased from 3.4 (control) to 6.1–80.5 spore/g soil. The highest spore population resulted by combination between Acacia mangium, C. pubescen, and VAM fungi (V2I1C1) plot followed by combination between Acacia mangium without cover crop, and VAM fungi inoculation (V2I1C0) plot and combination between Enterolobium sp. without cover crop and mixed Rhizobium and phosphate solubilizing bacteria inoculation (V1I3Co) plot were 80.5, 56.0 and 51.8 respectively.

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Thirup, Laila, Flemming Ekelund, Kaare Johnsen, and Carsten Suhr Jacobsen. "Population dynamics of the fast-growing sub-populations of Pseudomonas and total bacteria, and their protozoan grazers, revealed by fenpropimorph treatment." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 32, no. 11-12 (October 2000): 1615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-0717(00)00075-4.

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Panda, Rajaram. "Japan’s declining population and demographic challenges." Estudos Japoneses, no. 38 (August 9, 2017): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2447-7125.v0i38p67-80.

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Japan is sitting on a demographic time bomb. The declining birth rate because of changing societal and economic factors impacting on priorities in human lives, and accentuated by a rapidly growing population poses a new challenge to policy makers. The governmental responses have been inadequate and need to be seriously addressed in the interests of the future of the country. Other Asian countries in the path of modernisation and fast economic growth are also falling into such trap. Like in the economic development Japan was the leader that led to the faster growth in other Asian countries, Japan ought to emerge as the new leader in addressing this demographic challenge so that other Asian countries could emulate Japan’s example.

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Fasani, Rick A., and Michael A. Savageau. "Unrelated toxin–antitoxin systems cooperate to induce persistence." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 108 (July 2015): 20150130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0130.

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Persisters are drug-tolerant bacteria that account for the majority of bacterial infections. They are not mutants, rather, they are slow-growing cells in an otherwise normally growing population. It is known that the frequency of persisters in a population is correlated with the number of toxin–antitoxin systems in the organism. Our previous work provided a mechanistic link between the two by showing how multiple toxin–antitoxin systems, which are present in nearly all bacteria, can cooperate to induce bistable toxin concentrations that result in a heterogeneous population of slow- and fast-growing cells. As such, the slow-growing persisters are a bet-hedging subpopulation maintained under normal conditions. For technical reasons, the model assumed that the kinetic parameters of the various toxin–antitoxin systems in the cell are identical, but experimental data indicate that they differ, sometimes dramatically. Thus, a critical question remains: whether toxin–antitoxin systems from the diverse families, often found together in a cell, with significantly different kinetics, can cooperate in a similar manner. Here, we characterize the interaction of toxin–antitoxin systems from many families that are unrelated and kinetically diverse, and identify the essential determinant for their cooperation. The generic architecture of toxin–antitoxin systems provides the potential for bistability, and our results show that even when they do not exhibit bistability alone, unrelated systems can be coupled by the growth rate to create a strongly bistable, hysteretic switch between normal (fast-growing) and persistent (slow-growing) states. Different combinations of kinetic parameters can produce similar toxic switching thresholds, and the proximity of the thresholds is the primary determinant of bistability. Stochastic fluctuations can spontaneously switch all of the toxin–antitoxin systems in a cell at once. The spontaneous switch creates a heterogeneous population of growing and non-growing cells, typical of persisters, that exist under normal conditions, rather than only as an induced response. The frequency of persisters in the population can be tuned for a particular environmental niche by mixing and matching unrelated systems via mutation, horizontal gene transfer and selection.

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Aass, Per, Per Sondrup Nielsen, and Åge Brabrand. "Effects of river regulation on the structure of a fast-growing brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) population." Regulated Rivers: Research & Management 3, no. 1 (January 1989): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rrr.3450030125.

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Giuffrida, Nadia, Michela Le Pira, Giuseppe Inturri, Matteo Ignaccolo, Giovanni Calabrò, Blochin Cuius, Riccardo D’Angelo, and Alessandro Pluchino. "On-Demand Flexible Transit in Fast-Growing Cities: The Case of Dubai." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (May 30, 2020): 4455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114455.

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Increase in city population and size leads to growing transport demand and heterogeneous mobility habits. In turn, this may result in economic and social inequalities within the context of rapid economic growth. Provision of flexible transit in fast-growing cities is a promising strategy to overcome the limits of conventional public transport and avoid the use of private cars, towards better accessibility and social inclusion. This paper presents the case of Dubai (UAE), where a demand responsive transit service called MVMANT (a company based in Italy) has been tested in some low demand districts. The contribution of this work relies on the use of an agent-based model calibrated with Geographic Information System (GIS) real data to reproduce the service and find optimal configurations from both the perspective of the transport operator and the community. Different scenarios were simulated, by changing the vehicle assignment strategy and capacity, and comparing MVMANT with a ride-sharing service with smaller vehicles. Results suggest that route choice strategy is important to find a balance between operator and user costs, and that these types of flexible transit can satisfy transport demand with limited total costs compared to other shared mobility services. They can also be effective in satisfying fluctuating demand by adopting heterogeneous fleets of vehicles. Finally, appropriate planning and evaluation of these services are needed to fully explore their potential in covering the gap between low-quality fixed public transport and unsustainable private transport.

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Sinclair, James L., and Martin Alexander. "Effect of protozoan predation on relative abundance of fast- and slow-growing bacteria." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 35, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m89-092.

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The survival of six bacterial species that had different growth rates was tested in raw sewage and sewage that was rendered free of protozoa. When test bacteria were added to protozoa-free sewage at densities of approximately 105 to 106 cells/mL, five of the six species did not decline below 105 cells/mL. If protozoa were present, the population sizes of all test species were markedly reduced, but bacterial species able to grow faster in artificial media had the larger number of survivors. When the same bacteria were inoculated into protozoa-free sewage at densities of less than 103 cells/mL, only the three species able to grow quickly in artificial media increased in abundance. When the six species were inoculated at the same densities into sewage containing protozoa, the three slow-growing species were rapidly eliminated, and two of the three fast-growing species survived in detectable numbers. We suggest that in environments with intense protozoan predation, protozoa may alter the composition of the bacterial community by eliminating slow-growing bacteria.Key words: growth rate, predation, protozoa, sewage.

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Golubkov, A. I., L. V. Efimova, and A. A. Golubkov. "Dairy productivity of Yenisei red-motley cows as a function of growth rate and age of fertile insemination." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 4 (February 8, 2022): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2021-61-4-100-107.

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The main task in dairy farming is the proper breeding of heifers to realise their genetic potential further. The research aims to study the impact of the growth rate of heifers and heifers of Yenisei type of red-motley breed on their subsequent dairy productivity. The research was conducted in the breeding plant of Solgon JSC of the Uzhur district, Krasnoyarsk Territory. The heifer population (1156 heifers) was divided into eight groups according to the age of fertile insemination. The first three groups were fast-growing animals (10-14 months of fertile insemination), the remaining five groups were slow-growing animals (15 months of fertile insemination or older). The authors chose the following indicators to study: live weight, average daily live weight gain, age of first successful insemination and first calving, and milk productivity of cows in 305 days of the first lactation. Fast-growing heifers were found to outperform slow-growing heifers in terms of growth rate. The live weight of fast-growing heifers was 102 grams greater, or 11.6% than that of slow-growing heifers from birth to first fertile insemination. The live weight of fast-growing heifers was 83 grams or 11.3%, more outstanding from birth to first calving. A comparative analysis of the milk production of fast- and slow-growing animals showed no significant difference between the groups on average. However, the difference in milk yield and milk fat and protein between the individual groups was statistically significant. Studies have confirmed that heifers of the Yenisei type can be inseminated quite successfully at an earlier age (12-14 months). Heifers of this type enter the production group more quickly and cost less to raise (by 4,742 roubles or 11.9%), which has an impact on profit (by 5,844 roubles or 30.2%) and profitability levels (by four percentage points or 40%).

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Phankasem, Phukij, Tumrong Prempree, Prayong Keeratiurai, Sanguan Patamatamkul, and Nathawut Tanee. "Carbon Sequestration of Fast Growing Tree for Rural Electricity Generation." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 1469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.1469.

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Nowadays, the world population and economic development are increasing. Followed by this resulted in a bigger amount of energy.Majority of the energy use of fossil raw materials and the using of fossil releases greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. These greenhouse gases cause Global warming. The way to reduce greenhouse gases is planting trees. Because a tree absorbs carbon dioxide through photosynthesis process and to sequestrate in different parts of a tree to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.To reduce the Global warming. The current crude oil prices tend to be increasing. Need to study and research for the new energy sources to replace the suitable and consistent with national energy policy. One option is very easy. Biomass (Biomass Energy) which uses a wood as raw materials in stead of petroleum. The research purpose is to look for the amount of carbon sequestration in a part of biomass in the from of fast growing, 5 forms, of 3 types of woods are Anthocephalus Chinensis , Eucalyptus K7 Leucaena salvadore And to estimate the size of areas for planting fast growing. For use as fuel to generate power in the community . To study of carbon sequestration of fast growing trees 3 types are Anthocephalus Chinensis , Eucalyptus K7 Leucaena Salvadore By design, 5 forms (Pattern 1 Planted Leuceana Salvador, Pattern 2 Planted Leuceana Salvador and Anthocephalus Chinensis (Planted from the beginning of every shift.), Pattern 3 Planted Anthocephalus Chinensis, Pattern 4 Planted Anthocephalus Chinensis and Eucalyptus K7 (Planted from the beginning of every shift.), Pattern 5 Planted Eucalyptus K7) of planting and the area planted is Ban Sub Moo 4 Tumbon Serng Sang , Amper Serng Sang Nakhonratchasima Province. Soil is a sandy loam soil. Planted by the rainfall, on the average more than 1,000 mm / year. The sample area size is 20 x 75 square meters and spacing of 2.5 m x 2.5 m and a biomass conversion plant of fast growing 5 forms of 3 types of woods at the age of 2.5 years. And to measure carbon in a part of trees. The study found that the trees grow faster at 2.5 years. Average of biomass of fast growing plants as a form of 1,2,3,4 and 5 are equal to 1.3309,4.5935,4.1237,6.3673 and 8.3273 tons/rai. (rai.=1,600 m2.) by order. Statistical tests found the average value of this biomass was difference and important (p<0.05) from the biomass measure. From the above, to mention about the amount of biomass carbon storage in biomass of fast growing trees pattern 1,2,3,4 and 5 are equal to a 0.6486,2.12945.1.9618,3.8994 and 4.1205 tonC / rai. The mass of carbon sequestered and the amount of carbon dioxide in biomass of fast growing trees pattern 1,2,3,4 and 5 are equal to 2.3782, 8.0466, 7.1933, 14.2979 and 15.1086 tonCO2 / rai. and followed by forest planting projects in order to obtain quantities of carbon about 16,000 tons of CO2/ year the plot 5 (Eucalyptus) using least fast growing trees areas equal to 2,647.50 rai. To use as a basis for calculating of carbon sequestered quantities. Planting fast growing trees are able to absorb carbon dioxide in the air. To reduce global warming. Planting fast growing trees are capable use as fuel for biomass power products. The size of the fast growing trees areas for biomass energy production in power plants that use gas, 100 KW. Space for planting fast growing circulation (Eucalyptus 4.2 tons/ rai /year) at least 426.42 rai. To accommodate the use of community size from 480 to 576 families this helps to reduce power of fossil in producing electricity. To reduce Global warming in another hand.

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Holmstrøm, Kim, Tim Tolker-Nielsen, and Søren Molin. "Physiological States of Individual Salmonella typhimurium Cells Monitored by In Situ Reverse Transcription-PCR." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 6 (March 15, 1999): 1733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.6.1733-1738.1999.

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ABSTRACT The possibility of using levels of specific mRNAs in individual bacteria as indicators of single-cell physiology was investigated. Estimates of the numbers of groEL and tsf mRNAs per cell in Salmonella typhimurium cells in different physiological states were obtained by Northern analysis. The average number of groEL mRNAs per cell was estimated to be 22 in fast-growing cultures and 197 in heat-shocked cultures. The average number of tsf mRNAs per cell was estimated to be 37 in fast-growing cultures, 4 in slow-growing cultures, and 0 in nongrowing cultures. The potential of mRNA-targeted in situ reverse transcription (RT)-PCR to monitor quantitatively different levels ofgroEL and tsf mRNA in individual cells and thus monitor both specific gene induction and general growth activity was assessed. Neither groEL nor tsfmRNA was present in stationary-phase cells, but it was shown that stationary-phase cells contain other RNA species at high levels, which may provide a possibility for monitoring directly stationary-phase individual cells by the use of in situ RT-PCR. The outcome of the in situ RT-PCR analyses indicated that a population of fast-growing cells is heterogeneous with respect togroEL mRNA single-cell contents, suggesting a cell-cycle-controlled expression of groEL in S. typhimurium, whereas a fast-growing culture is homogeneous with respect to tsf mRNA single-cell contents, suggesting that the level of tsf mRNA is relatively constant during the cell cycle.

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Stewart, Jared J., William W. Adams, Marina López-Pozo, Naiara Doherty Garcia, Maureen McNamara, Christine M. Escobar, and Barbara Demmig-Adams. "Features of the Duckweed Lemna That Support Rapid Growth under Extremes of Light Intensity." Cells 10, no. 6 (June 12, 2021): 1481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10061481.

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This study addresses the unique functional features of duckweed via comparison of Lemna gibba grown under controlled conditions of 50 versus 1000 µmol photons m−2 s−1 and of a L. minor population in a local pond with a nearby population of the biennial weed Malva neglecta. Principal component analysis of foliar pigment composition revealed that Malva was similar to fast-growing annuals, while Lemna was similar to slow-growing evergreens. Overall, Lemna exhibited traits reminiscent of those of its close relatives in the family Araceae, with a remarkable ability to acclimate to both deep shade and full sunlight. Specific features contributing to duckweed’s shade tolerance included a foliar pigment composition indicative of large peripheral light-harvesting complexes. Conversely, features contributing to duckweed’s tolerance of high light included the ability to convert a large fraction of the xanthophyll cycle pool to zeaxanthin and dissipate a large fraction of absorbed light non-photochemically. Overall, duckweed exhibited a combination of traits of fast-growing annuals and slow-growing evergreens with foliar pigment features that represented an exaggerated version of that of terrestrial perennials combined with an unusually high growth rate. Duckweed’s ability to thrive under a wide range of light intensities can support success in a dynamic light environment with periodic cycles of rapid expansion.

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Korolenko, Aleksandra V. "Population development trends in Russia and China in the 21st century." Population and Economics 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/popecon.3.e37961.

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Currently, Russia and China are in an intermediate position between rich developed countries with declining indigenous populations and poor developing countries with a relatively fast-growing population. However, if China is the world leader in population size (1.38 billion people), Russia, with its much larger territory, has almost ten times less population (144.3 million). However, according to the UN forecasts both countries are facing the same challenge in the 21st century: it is a significant reduction in population size, which necessitates the identification of the prerequisites, causes and effects of the upcoming demographic transformations. This fact determined the purpose of this article – analysis of the population development in Russia and China in the first decades of the 21st century, identification of its differences and general trends. The research was based on statistics from the United Nations, the World Bank and the World Health Organization. The author analyzes the dynamics of population size, age structure, gender ratio, natural movement (fertility and mortality), life expectancy and mortality rate structure. Trends of population development both common for two countries and specific for each of them, were identified; according to the author, they should be taken into account in shaping responds to demographic challenges and in elaborating mechanisms for managing demographic processes.

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A. Ola-Oladimeji, Folasade. "Population Genetics of Fast- and Slow-Growing Strains of Clarias gariepinus (Osteichthyes: Clariidae) as Revealed by Microsatellite Markers." Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries 25, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2021.155963.

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Aljoufie, Mohammed. "The Impact Assessment of Increasing Population Density on Jeddah Road Transportation Using Spatial-Temporal Analysis." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 30, 2021): 1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031455.

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This paper aimed to measure and analyze the impact of temporal population density changes on transportation in Jeddah, a fast-growing city in Saudi Arabia. Local cooperative interpretation is first used to quantify the temporal population density and transportation changes for three sample districts in Jeddah from 2007 to 2014. Three temporal indicators were developed to measure the impact of increasing population density on transportation: (1) District Road Density Index (DRDI); (2) District Parking Index (DPI); and (3) District Trip Index (DTI). Then, a statistical analysis was conducted to examine the temporal relationship between population density and transportation for the years 2007 and 2014, by performing a Pearson correlation analysis, a paired t-test and a bootstrap for paired samples test. The results of temporal indicators revealed a significant change in population density in Jeddah from 2007 to 2014, which seems to indicate intensified demand for transportation infrastructure. The Pearson correlation analysis indicated a strong positive relationship between population density variables and temporal impact indicators. Both a paired t-test and a bootstrap for paired samples test results indicated the effect of population density changes on transportation changes in Jeddah as a result of population density regulation changes in Jeddah from 2007 to 2014. This study presents sophisticated tools to study the impact of temporal population density change on transportation in a fast-growing city, which will facilitate the measurement and evaluation of urban sustainability.

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Proćków, Małgorzata, Elżbieta Kuźnik-Kowalska, and Małgorzata Lewandowska. "Differences in population dynamics of Bradybaena fruticum (O.F. Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Bradybaenidae) in a submontane and lowland area of Poland." Animal Biology 62, no. 4 (2012): 451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075612x650131.

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Population dynamics of a meso-hygrophilous helicoid Bradybaena fruticum was studied in SW Poland at two localities with similar habitat but different climatic conditions. Unexpectedly, at the submontane site in Szczytna the growth appeared to be significantly faster than in the lowland site (Wrocław), where the weather conditions varied widely during the whole growing season. In Szczytna the average growth rate was 0.26 whorl/month; 0.36 whorl/month in the fast phase (juveniles from hatching till 5.0 whorls), and 0.07 whorl/month in the slow phase (snails with 5.1 whorls till lip formation). During the whole growing season, the average increment was 4.5 whorls, whereas the maximum was 5.45 whorls. In Wrocław the average growth rate was 0.05 whorl/month; 0.1 whorl/month in the fast phase, and only 0.01 whorl/month in the slow phase. The average growth of juveniles, estimated during two growing seasons, equalled 3.8 whorls; the maximum recorded value was 4.75 whorls. In the winter there was hardly any growth. In earlier studies it was found that at higher altitude the growth rate seems to decrease and therefore appears to be correlated with the thermal regime of the locality. In this study it was established that the weather patterns, like months with drought or occasional flooding, are likely to influence the population dynamics in the lowland population.

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Tolksdorf, J., P. Cornel, and M. Wagner. "Resource-efficient infrastructure for fast growing cities – realization of a Resource Recovery Center." Water Practice and Technology 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 513–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2018.071.

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Abstract The SEMIZENTRAL approach is an infrastructure solution for the challenges of high growth dynamics and resource scarcity in fast growing urban areas. The integration of water, wastewater, waste, and energy in one system increases resource efficiency. District-wise realization enables the infrastructure system to grow at the same rate as the city. The concept has been realized for the first time on a scale of 12,000 population equivalent in Qingdao, China. Greywater and blackwater are collected separately; treated greywater is reused for toilet flushing. Reclaimed blackwater is used for irrigation. The analyses of the wastewater composition reveal significant differences in comparison to design values as well as to literature values for greywater and blackwater. Unexpected user behaviour, as well as cross-connections, are likely reasons. The greywater and blackwater treatment processes in the Resource Recovery Center were adapted to the influent's characteristics, so that legal effluent limits are fulfilled, despite changes in influent quality. Small systems often show higher influent variability. Design data for systems with source separation are still lacking. Measurement campaigns in areas similar to the planning area are recommendable, but might not always be possible. In addition, there is a risk of cross-connections between blackwater and greywater, though this can be reduced. For these reasons, there is (possibly high) uncertainty regarding design values for greywater and blackwater. Correspondingly, the treatment processes need to be designed flexibly. For future implementation, technical risks deriving from source separation have to be weighed against the expected higher acceptance of reuse of treated greywater in households. Intra-urban reuse of total wastewater, in combination with extensive public relations programs, might be an alternative.

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Sicard, Anne, Andreina I. Castillo, Michael Voeltz, Hongyu Chen, Adam R. Zeilinger, Leonardo De La Fuente, and Rodrigo P. P. Almeida. "Inference of Bacterial Pathogen Instantaneous Population Growth Dynamics." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 33, no. 3 (March 2020): 402–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-10-19-0274-ta.

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Although bacterial host colonization is a dynamic process that requires population growth, studies often focus on comparing bacterial populations at a given time point. However, this may not reflect the dynamics of the colonization process. Time-course assays provide important insights into the dynamics of host colonization but are laborious and may still lack resolution for immediate processes affecting populations. An alternative way to address this issue, using widely accessible tools (such as quantitative PCR [qPCR]), is to take advantage of the relationship between bacterial chromosomal replication and cell division to determine population growth status at the sampling time. Conceptually, the ratio between the number of copies at the origin of replication and that at the terminus of replication should be correlated with the measured bacterial growth rate. This peak-to-trough ratio (PTR) to estimate instantaneous population growth status was tested with the slow-growing plant-pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. We found no correlation between PTR and the measured growth rate when using genome-level data but overall sequencing depth of coverage trends matched theoretical expectations. On the other hand, the population growth status of X. fastidiosa was predicted by PTR when using qPCR data, which was improved by the pretreatment of cells with a photoreactive DNA-binding dye. Our results suggest that PTR could be used to determine X. fastidiosa growth status both in planta and in insect vectors. We expect PTR will perform better with fast-growing bacterial pathogens, potentially becoming a powerful tool for easily and quickly assessing population growth status.

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McLoughlin, Thomas J., Scott G. Alt, P. Ann Owens, and Corrine Fetherston. "Competition for nodulation of field-grown soybeans by strains of Rhizobium fredii." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 32, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m86-037.

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Nodulation of Glycine max (L) Merr. by six Rhizobium fredii strains was measured in two Midwestern fields containing high indigenous populations of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (3 × 105/gm soil). The soils were inoculated with antibiotic-resistant mutants using liquid inoculum at two levels on soybean cv. Peking and cv. Jacques 130. Strain establishment was measured 40 days after planting. In the first year, USDA206, USDA217, and USDA257 were the most competitive strains, occupying greater than 50% of the nodules on cv. Peking in both soils. None of the strains were competitive on Jacques 130. In the second growing season, all nodules were formed by the indigenous population on both cultivars, suggesting that these fast-growing strains do not persist in Midwestern soils.

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Biro, Peter A., and Portia Sampson. "Fishing directly selects on growth rate via behaviour: implications of growth-selection that is independent of size." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1802 (March 7, 2015): 20142283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2283.

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Size-selective harvest of fish and crustacean populations has reduced stock numbers, and led to reduced growth rates and earlier maturation. In contrast to the focus on size-selective effects of harvest, here, we test the hypothesis that fishing may select on life-history traits (here, growth rate) via behaviour, even in the absence of size selection. If true, then traditional size-limits used to protect segments of a population cannot fully protect fast growers, because at any given size, fast-growers will be more vulnerable owing to bolder behaviour. We repeatedly measured individual behaviour and growth of 86 crayfish and found that fast-growing individuals were consistently bold and voracious over time, and were subsequently more likely to be harvested in single- and group-trapping trials. In addition, there was some indication that sex had independent effects on behaviour and trappability, whereby females tended to be less active, shyer, slower-growing and less likely to be harvested, but not all these effects were significant. This study represents, to our knowledge, the first across-individual support for this hypothesis, and suggests that behaviour is an important mechanism for fishing selectivity that could potentially lead to evolution of reduced intrinsic growth rates.

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Hafeez, Erum, and Tayyaba Fasih. "Growing Population of Pakistani Youth: A Ticking Time Bomb or a Demographic Dividend." Journal of Education and Educational Development 5, no. 2 (December 13, 2018): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.22555/joeed.v5i2.2022.

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Pakistan is considered to be the fifth largest young country in the world. Around 63 percent population of the country comprises youth aged between 15 and 33 (UN Population Fund Report 2017). Such a large young population has posed daunting challenges to the social, economic and political sectors of the state. The fast rising youth bulge of Pakistan seems to be a constantly ticking time bomb instead of a demographic dividend, threatening its very own existence. Poor youth engagement in the productive political, educational, economic and socio-cultural activities indicates ineffectiveness of the public and private sectors policies especially at the state level. The current research study is intended to identify the key factors behind the disengaged and distressed youth of Pakistan in the three core areas of education, economy and politics. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was carried out in which national and international labor survey reports, youth development index, national youth program and federal education and economic policies were critically analyzed alongside the relevant research studies, nongovernment organizations’ reports and media coverage for a dynamic overview. Besides, interviews of relevant stakeholders were also conducted to investigate the issue from diverse perspectives. Evidently, youth partnership, empowerment, and engagement in educational, economic and political sectors can be the only way forward to address the increasing challenges of the country. Keywords: demographic dividend, employment, literacy, youth development

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Bennett, William N., and Martin E. Boraas. "Comparison of population dynamics between slow- and fast-growing strains of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus pallas in continuous culture." Oecologia 81, no. 4 (December 1989): 494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00378958.

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Rypel, Andrew L., and Craig A. Layman. "Degree of aquatic ecosystem fragmentation predicts population characteristics of gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) in Caribbean tidal creeks." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f07-192.

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Ecosystem fragmentation is one of the most damaging anthropogenic impacts to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. In this study, we analyzed population-level characteristics of a resilient top predator, the gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus), across a gradient of fragmentation in Bahamian tidal creeks. Analysis of hydrologic connectivity (the inverse of fragmentation) and site-specific population parameters revealed that varying degrees of connectivity translated into predictable characteristics in fish populations. Less-fragmented systems produced fast-growing snapper with high condition factors, whereas more fragmented tidal creeks yielded slow-growing snapper with low condition factors. Underlying reasons for growth rate differences likely originated from structural and functional shifts in tidal creek ecosystems following fragmentation. Such ecosystem-level shifts were reflected by low per-individual volumes of consumed prey, as well as increased parasite infestations. Results indicated that aquatic ecosystem fragmentation may affect long-term fitness and viability of resilient species capable of persisting in fragmented habitats. Our results from estuarine tidal creeks compare well with studies on fragmentation of freshwater streams by dams and suggest that population-level consequences following ecosystem fragmentation may be generalizable between seemingly disparate aquatic environments.

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Wienand, Karl, Erwin Frey, and Mauro Mobilia. "Eco-evolutionary dynamics of a population with randomly switching carrying capacity." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 145 (August 2018): 20180343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0343.

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Environmental variability greatly influences the eco-evolutionary dynamics of a population, i.e. it affects how its size and composition evolve. Here, we study a well-mixed population of finite and fluctuating size whose growth is limited by a randomly switching carrying capacity. This models the environmental fluctuations between states of resources abundance and scarcity. The population consists of two strains, one growing slightly faster than the other, competing under two scenarios: one in which competition is solely for resources, and one in which the slow (cooperating) strain produces a public good (PG) that benefits also the fast (free-riding) strain. We investigate how the coupling of demographic and environmental (external) noise affects the population's eco-evolutionary dynamics. By analytical and computational means, we study the correlations between the population size and its composition, and discuss the social-dilemma-like ‘eco-evolutionary game’ characterizing the PG production. We determine in what conditions it is best to produce a PG; when cooperating is beneficial but outcompeted by free riding, and when the PG production is detrimental for cooperators. Within a linear noise approximation to populations of varying size, we also accurately analyse the coupled effects of demographic and environmental noise on the size distribution.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fast growing population'

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