Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fascism and women Italy History'
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Gottlieb, Julie V. "Women and fascism in inter-war Britain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272407.
Full textBigalke, Zachary. "“If They Can Die for Italy, They Can Play for Italy!”: Immigration, Italo-Argentine Identity, and the 1934 Italian World Cup Team." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22654.
Full textDi, Lillo Ivano. "Opera and nationalism in Fascist Italy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283883.
Full textAguirre, Mariana G. "Artistic collaboration in Fascist Italy : Ardengo Soffici and Giorgio Morandi." View abstract/electronic edition; access limited to Brown University users, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3318288.
Full textLitvak, Jennifer Ashley. "The Competition for Influence: Catholic and Fascist Youth Socialization in Interwar Italy." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1209428086.
Full textJauch, Linda. "Women, power and political discourse in fifteenth-century northern Italy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252268.
Full textKharazmi, Sam. "Svarta skjortor och svarta kjolar : En undersökning om fascistiska suffragetter och British Union of Fascists kvinnosyn." Thesis, Jönköping University, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-51772.
Full textThis essay revolves around the fascist organization British Union of Fascists (BUF) and their view on women and women’s role in society. It also examines former suffragettes who joined the organization, with the goal of establishing which factors contributed to them seeking membership in the organization. Founded in 1932, the BUF was the largest and most prominent fascist group in the United Kingdom during the interwar period. Reaching its peak in the mid-1930s, the organization would become infamous for violent rallies and clashes with political opponents. The violent methods of the fascists would alienate them from mainstream British politics. And the organization would be condemned by both the British political establishment and British public after pleading their allegiance to Adolf Hitlers Nazi Germany. The British Union of Fascists would oppose the second world war, prompting the government to ban the organization and arresting numerous high-ranking members in 1940. Fascism was known for having a patriarchal, traditionalist and reactionary view on gender and women. But despite this fact, the organization managed to attract former suffragettes. So how come that those who fought for equality between the sexes would join a movement that opposed the same? How did British Union of Fascists view women and the female role? To answer this, I have studied, and analysed ideological text written by the organizations founder and leader Oswald Mosley, alongside other fascist members. I have also used available research by established professors and historians to reach a valid conclusion. The result shows that the British Union of Fascists had a highly traditional and reactionary view on women. Weakness was viewed and described as feminine, while masculinity was viewed and described as strength. The group regarded the home as women’s natural habitat, and childbirth as their highest calling in life. The fascists viewed women’s recent achievements in the struggle for equality as the degeneration and downfall of society. The results also shows that there were numerous factors that drove the former suffragettes, each depending on the suffragette in question. In my research I have found three examples of former suffragettes who joined the BUF. These were Norah Dacre Fox, Mary Sophia Allen and Mary Richardson. The factors that made Norah Dacre Fox join the BUF was primarily the possibility of herself and her partner to gain political careers through the organization. Fox did argue that she viewed the BUF as successors to the suffragette movement, but I have not found any evidence that proves that this was a primary factor for her joining the BUF. The factors that made Mary Sophia Allen join the BUF were most likely the outbreak of the second world war. She was an admirer of Adolf Hitler which probably made her oppose a war against his regime. She also served during the first world war, something that might have contributed to her opposing a new war due the horrors of warfare. Mary Richardson joined the BUF because she believed that the organization and the ideology of fascism were needed to save to country from its downfall. Richardson also saw a lot in the BUF that remined her of the suffragette movement, and as a militant suffragette in her youth the BUFs militarism and paramilitary actions might have been attractive. It is therefore likely that the factors that made Richardson join the fascists were a combination between agreeing with their views on the degeneration of British society as well as their militant actions. Richardson did leave the organization after a falling-out with its leader, and she would accuse the group of working against women’s rights. The pursuit of equality might very well have been a contributing factor for joining, but I have not found any evidence that explicitly points to this.
Maxson, Brian. "Review of Cultures of Charity: Women, Politics, and the Reform of Poor Relief in Renaissance Italy." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6202.
Full textMoreton, Melissa N. ""Scritto di bellissima lettera": nuns' book production in fifteenth and sixteenth-century Italy." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6480.
Full textAntonucci, Ryan J. "Changing Perceptions of il DuceTracing Political Trends in the Italian-American Media during the Early Years of Fascism." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1379111698.
Full textGuenther, Irene. "Nazi "chic"? Fashioning women in the Third Reich /." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3032406.
Full textTamboer, Kimberly Jean. "Artistic Achievements of Convent Women in Renaissance Italy: with case studies in Venice and Prato." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/327335.
Full textM.A.
This thesis evaluates the artistic contributions of convent women in Renaissance Italy during the period c. 1450-1550 with individual case studies in Venice and Prato. As the cost of the traditional marriage dowry inflated markedly over the course of the fifteenth century, an increasing number of girls from affluent family backgrounds were sent to the convent in an effort to spare their families the financial burden of marrying them off. Convent vocations were not only financially convenient for families with daughters but offered a socially respectable alternative to marriage that many came to rely upon over the course of the latter fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The heightened presence of highborn girls in Italian convents seems to correspond with a concurrent development in female monastic artistic production. This point will be demonstrated in my study through analysis of two objects: the illustrated convent chronicle of Santa Maria delle Vergini (c. 1523), now in the Museo Correr in Venice and the illustrated frontispiece of Beatrice del Sera's convent play Amor di virtù (1555), preserved in the Biblioteca Riccardiana in Florence. Both of the considered works complement a text also written by convent women during the same period that demonstrate their knowledge of historic and current events, in addition to contemporaneous developments in the visual arts. The corresponding texts will be examined in a supporting manner to aid in interpreting the subject matter of the illustrations. Subsequent to identifying the pictorial content of these illustrations, I will elucidate how the convent artists successfully assert a female identity through their respective visual representations, and determine what specific type of identity they were motivated to promote.
Temple University--Theses
Balletti-Thomas, Joanne. "Women's writing and the "anxiety of authorship" in nineteenth-century Italy : Bruno Sperani and others." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26718.
Full textHogan, Marina. "The fictional Savonarola and the creation of modern Italy." University of Western Australia. European Languages and Studies Discipline Group. Italian Studies, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0035.
Full textRocco, Patricia. "Performing female artistic identity : Lavinia Fontana, Elisabetta Sirani and the allegorical self-portrait in sixteenth and seventeenth-century Bologna." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99389.
Full textFinn, Sarah. "'Padre della nazione italiana' : Dante Alighieri and the construction of the Italian nation, 1800-1945." University of Western Australia. European Languages and Studies Discipline Group. Italian Studies, 2010. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0085.
Full textHagglund, Sarah. "The Myth of Bologna? Women's Cultural Production during the Seventeenth Century." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1620502410389001.
Full textFonsato, Vanna Marisa. "Giudizi letterari di Isabella Teotochi Albrizzi nel carteggio inedito della Raccolta Piancastelli." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61287.
Full textThe first part outlines the cultural and historical tradition of Venice during the Eighteenth Century. Particular attention is subsequently given to the intellectual role of women, their contribution to the literary salons of the time, and the neoclassical tradition. This first part is essential in that it supplies a valuable context to Isabella Teotochi Albrizzi's writings.
In the second part, I examine Isabella Teotochi Albrizzi's literary criticism of major European authors and works. Through these criticisms she exposes her misvision of the literary world to which she aspired, and reveals that although she was influenced by the subtle preromantic tendencies, she remained faithful to the neoclassical school.
Lluró, Josep M. "Pasolini en context: Trauma, memòria, identitat i història cultural a la Itàlia de postguerra." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396253.
Full textThroughhiswork, Pasolini conceptualized the destructive processes of post- SecondWorldWarcapitalism. Hisnarrativefocuses on the processes from the perspective of social groupsfromdilapidatedsuburbs: a mass of dispossessedpeoplewhocreated a hybridculturebetween the peasantsubstrataand the moral responses to the pressure of urbanlife.Hiscinematicwork explores the necessity of reforminghumanistmyths in order to combat the spiritualand cultural desertionthatcondemns us to the consumerism of contemporarycapitalism. Hispoetryspeaks of the personal havocthatleads to clashesagainstthesedestructive processes andagainst social conventions. Comingfrom a radical originality, Ourstudyaims to followPasolini sdialoguewiththe RomanticMarxisttradition of criticalthoughtand to bring context to the originality of hisworkwithinsome of the criticaltrends of the 1960s that, questioned the transformation of the worldinto a purelycommercialentity.
Arena, Francesca. "Folles de maternité. Théories et pratiques autour du diagnostic de la folie puerpérale. (XVIIème – XXème siècles, France – Italie)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3045.
Full textFrom the modern age we will retrace the key representations of women madness in puerperium, to emphasize the organic dimension. Even during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, doctors insist on the morbid layers and make the woman a weak and sick being, exposed to all kinds of diseases including insanity. It is during the eighteenth century that the behaviors, emotions and feelings of the mother become subject to the scientific outlook, which shakes part of the organic dimension of insanity to include a gradual mental dimension. But it is only in the nineteenth century with the birth of new medical disciplines that the speech is clear and focuses around a diagnosis: that of puerperal insanity. The interpretation remains essentially linked to the biological dimension of motherhood (the puerperium madness: from pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding), even if we start to incorporate a reflection on the implications of the mother madness on the development of children and on infanticide . These disorders were originally conceived only as disorders of women during the puerperal state, then conceived as disorders of pregnancy and it is only very recently that one could imagine the problems related to parenthood. It is only during the twentieth century and with an ambiguous interpretation (organic and mental) that can be traced back distinctions between maternal depression and postpartum psychoses. A long period was required to separate parenthood from the biological fact of birth: a necessary step to integrate also all the people in charge of the first links with the child, that is to say fathers, adoptive parents, relatives and so on
Casano, Nicoletta. "Les réseaux unissant francs-maçons et laïques belges et italiens de la fin du XIXe siècle jusqu'à la Deuxième guerre mondiale: prémisses et réalisation de l'accueil en Belgique des fuorusciti italiens." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209510.
Full textEn effet, les premières associations qui ont été poursuivies légalement par le dictateur italien ont été les associations maçonniques et celles de la Libre Pensée. Jusqu’au il y a quelques années, l’historiographie ne pouvait pas analyser davantage les conséquences de cet exil, faute d’accès aux archives de ces associations.
À présent, il nous a été possible d’étudier cette documentation qui nous a permis de démontrer que certains francs-maçons et libres-penseurs italiens, qui ont pris la décision de quitter leur pays afin suite aux persécutions de la dictature, avaient été des exilés politiques et avaient trouvé asile dans certains pays européens grâce aux réseaux maçonniques et laïques qui y existaient déjà depuis la fin du XIXe siècle. La Belgique a été l’un de ces pays d’accueil, mais en outre elle avait été le pays où ces réseaux étaient nés et s’étaient le plus efficacement développés.
C’est cette généalogie des réseaux maçonniques et laïques qui nous a permis d’expliquer pour quelles raisons, même si la Belgique n’a pas été le principal pays d’accueil des exilés maçons et laïques italiens, un certain nombre d’entre eux y sont passés ou s’y sont installés avec l’aide de la Franc-maçonnerie et de la Libre pensée belges, pendant leur exil./
The aim of my research project is to investigate further into the experience of the Italian free-masons and free-thinkers who had to go on exile as a consequence of their persecution by the Mussolini dictatorship. As a matter of fact, the first associations to be persecuted by the Italian dictator were the free-mason and free-thinkers associations, but till few years ago, the contemporary historiography hadn’t really focused on the consequences of these actions because of the limited access to the Archives of these associations.
It was only at the beginning of this century that these documents were found and have been left at the disposal of the researchers.
The study of part of these documents allows me to demonstrate that these free-masons and free-thinkers who had taken the decision to leave their country, in order not to accept the dictatorship, were political emigrants and
that they found asylum in some European countries thanks to the free-mason and free-thinker networks that they had established since the end of 19th century. Belgium was one of these countries, but more importantly the one
where the relation networks concerned were born and developed.
This fact allows us to explain the reason why a lot of Italian free-masons and free-thinkers passed in Belgium or some of them lived. Even if Belgium wasn't the country to which the most of these people exiled.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Springer, Scalise Rosina. "Benedetto Croce (1866-1952), un intellectuel libéral italien face à la guerre, à la paix et au totalitarisme." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG033/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is first to study the part that war plays in the works of the Italian historian and philosopher, Benedetto Croce (1866-1952), when he studies History -in particular that of the 19th century- as well as when he reacts to the events of which he is a contemporary: wars in Ethiopia in 1896 and 1935, in Libya in 1911- 1912 and “pacification” in the nineteen twenties and thirties, First World War, Spanish War, Second World War. Is war sometimes legitimate? Is it necessary to the construction and strengthening of the Italian State? Or on the contrary is it to be avoided at all costs? These are complex questions, for war is not the prerogative of fascism but has already been one of the important characteristics of the liberal regime that preceded fascism in Italy. This research is also focused on the thought and action of Benedetto Croce concerning peace maintaining and then restoring, in particular after both world wars, and his commitment to Europe. The study is based upon the interplay of Benedetto Croce’s works and the documents found in the State Archives in Rome, like the files of the fascist political police who watched Croce during decades because of his anti-fascist commitment
Cuxac, Mario. "Journaux et journalistes au temps du fascisme : Turin 1929-1940." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20022/document.
Full textThis work studies the turinese journalistic world during fascist system, especially the second decade. This decade coincide with the rise of the consensus (1929-1936) before the first time of contestation (1936-1940). The italian journalism is more and more controlled by the political authorities. The repression of the national and regional papers, and then the organization, standardization and institutionalization of the press, change drastically the journalism background. In view of this, this work focuses on collective and individual trajectories, with Turin as study place. The political, social and cultural influences of Turin make this city a particular place for the fascism, hard to “normalize”, and which possess two of the principal papers of the country (the Gazzetta del Popolo and La Stampa). The prosopographical study of the 278 identify journalists allows to put in perspective social characteristics (geographical origins, level of schooling etc...). The national and regional political connections light up the moving mark between politic and journalism and allow to replace the journalism question in the ampler setting of fascist regime and his ambiguities (between control, surveillance and repression, on one hand, and limits of totalitarianism of the other hand). The prosopographical study shows also a clear continuity of journalist between liberal and fascist periods, which questions the image of a harsh and total “purge” of the profession. In this context, the question of the place of the new journalistic generation, technically formed and permeated of fascist ideology, like Ermanno Amicucci and other fascist figures wanted, is central. Finally, the second part of the study takes an interest in a few singular trajectories and compared itineraries, which allows to illustrate a part of the diversity of turinese journalist attitudes, confronted with a regime who wants to institute a “new journalism model”. This trajectories intend to light up more specifically some of central aspects of journalistic world during the regime, like the purge of the years 1927-1931 (with for example Gino Pestelli, Leo Galetto or Santi Savarino),, the connections with local politic world (Angelo Appiotti, Leo Rea) or the racial laws and their impact (Deodoato foà). Between opposition and resignation, acceptation and negotiation, illusions and pragmatism, this biographical trajectories expose some varied positions, insert into a ampler context, which is the fascist ventennio, and his tragedies
Pelletier, François. "La montée du fascisme en Italie, perçue par les journaux français." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10435.
Full textThe emergence and rise of fascism in Italy is a striking moment of the XXth century and more specifically of the interwar period. This new social phenomenon quickly attracted the attention of the international community. It influenced European mentalities greatly in the context of societies already polarised by different ideological trends. The First World War was followed by a period of divergent opinions on what should be the social and economic future of industrial societies. Fascism represents one of those movements that managed to impose itself in Italy This thesis examines the manner in which French society perceived the rise of Italian fascism. To that end, it retraces the narrative presented by major French newspapers from 1919 to 1926 when faced with the Italian experience. The analysis of the dailies Le Temps, L'Humanité, Le Figaro and L'Action française provides an overview of political opinion in France. The inquiry conducted in this dissertation allows us to learn more not only on the emergence of a major phenomenon of the past century but also, and more precisely, about the reaction to it by the main political trends in France. Several themes were taken up by the French press. First, it tried to identify fascism, its origins and composition and the phenomenon of violence that emerged in Italy. Then, once fascism was in power, it reflected on the seizure of power, followed by an analysis of both interior and foreign policy of the new regime. A unique perspective comes out of this study thanks to the analysis of four of the major organs that represent and help create public opinion. It shows that fascism, as a typically new phenomenon, was a subject of preoccupation for contemporaries. All of the dailies followed its evolution closely. It was, for some, the example of a brutal repression, among other things, and, for others, the emergence of a new ideology capable of ending the terror of bolshevism. It was also an issue for ideological confrontation.
Belluccini, Federica. "“A MUCH MILDER MEDIUM”: ENGLISH AND GERMAN WOMEN WRITERS IN ITALY 1840-1880." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/14358.
Full textLegault, Matilde. "L’instrumentalisation des opéras de Giacomo Puccini par le régime fasciste italien : le cas de Turandot." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25687.
Full textThis thesis explores the political appropriation of composer Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924) and his operas during the fascist period in Italy (1922-1945). It highlights the dichotomy created by the regime’s insistence on both tradition and modernity in its cultural propaganda, as mirrored in the reinterpretation of the myth surrounding Puccini after his death in 1924—particularly in the political use of Turandot after the opera’s 1926 premiere. Based on a detailed study of the Italian press of the time and of cultural magazines controlled by the regime, this research analyzes the manipulation of the discourse surrounding Puccini’s image in fascist Italy. Party members exploited Puccini’s myth by insisting on his status as a national Italian composer, his image as a man of the people, and his musical genius, considered as both universal and quintessentially Italian. Through this rhetoric, Puccini became a standard-bearer of fascist ideology, praised both as a composer of the great Italian opera tradition and as a highly modern creator. Ultimately, the aim of this thesis is to understand how Puccini was subjected to an ideological appropriation that legitimized fascist authority by fostering social consensus and establishing a strong Italian collective identity. Puccini’s case exemplifies the effects of a totalitarian regime’s rhetoric and cultural mechanisms on the musical life of a nation.
Prud'homme, Gabrielle. "Commémorer Verdi sous le fascisme : les célébrations de 1941." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23959.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the political recovery of the figure and works of the composer Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901) during the fascist period in Italy (1922-1943), and more specifically in 1941 during the celebrations commemorating the fortieth anniversary of his death, a moment in time which coincided with Italy’s war against France and England. The first chapter explores the development of Verdi’s myth and sheds light on how the composer was gradually transformed into a national hero to become an icon of Italian opera. This was part of a wider effort to glorify the past in order to promote an Italian nationalist spirit, and ultimately, attest to the supremacy of the fascist power. The second chapter studies the organization of the festivities of 1941; it examines musical events as well as speeches and publications, and presents a more in-depth analysis of the celebrations organized in Parma. It deals with the rich reception of the manifestations, which assure the maintenance and the fortification of the Verdian myth. The third chapter analyzes the discursive elements surrounding the festivities, in order to demonstrate that the exalting of Verdi’s figure follows various lines of force that converge towards the fascist representation of the Italian civilization. By exploiting nationalist subjects conveyed in his operas, restoring his revolutionary and patriotic image and exalting his genius, presented as being both Italian and universal, the adherents of the regime maintained and nurtured a Verdian myth according to the fascist’s cannon. The ultimate goal of this thesis is to show how, during the fascist period and more specifically during the celebrations of 1941, Verdi was subjected to an ideological appropriation that aimed, on the one hand, at given the legitimacy to the fascism authority and on the other, establish a climate of social consensus essential to the exercise of power during wartime.
Brunelle, Beauchemin Odile. "La définition de l'homme dans le discours féminin : l'exemple de La Donna galante ed erudita (Venise, XVIIIe siècle)." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7674.
Full textLampron, Eve-Marie. "Entre cohésions et divisions : les relations entre femmes auteures en France et en Italie (1770-1840)." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9120.
Full textThis thesis documents, catalogues, and analyses relationships between female authors in France and Italy, and between French women and Italian women, from 1770 to 1840. It results from a study of the correspondence and published works of twelve women authors (Anne-Marie de Beaufort d’Hautpoul, Sophie Gay, Félicité de Genlis, Marie-Émilie de Montanclos, Constance Pipelet Salm, Germaine de Staël, Teresa Bandettini, Elisabetta Caminer, Carolina Lattanzi, Diodata Saluzzo, Fortunata Sulgher Fantastici, and Isabella Teotochi Albrizzi) over the course of a period marked by important developments in print culture, the significant involvement of women in the querelle des femmes, and the increased presence of women authors. These transformations, together with the international political upheaval caused by the French Revolution, saw attacks on female authorship pursued with increased vigour. The relationships between women authors within such a context illustrate the challenges faced in implementing a “common action” aimed at defending a female cause (that of female authors) before the advent of the feminist movement. Often described as either “rivals” or “sisters”, this study demonstrates that the nature of relationships between women in this period was in fact far more complex. On the one hand, the community of female authors examined was marked by a certain degree of cohesion. These writers had wide-ranging networks of contacts, and could rely on each other for support in times of crisis. They constructed female literary genealogies and deconstructed the discourse used by others in reference to their community, particularly that relating to the “exceptionality” of and “rivalry” between women authors. On the other hand, significant differences also ran across the membership of these networks, notably in terms of nationality, political opinions, and the position each woman occupied within literary circles. Over and above these social and political divisions, this thesis illustrates the difficulties women faced in reconciling their individual interests (the advancement of their own careers, the divisive impact of their multiple identities with the cohesion of their sex/gender) with those of the collective (legitimizing female authorship). In short, this study examines the ways in which female authors recognized the importance of their community and faced the challenges of maintaining its cohesion, at a time when not only literary activity, but also the political and cultural context in which it was framed, were undergoing great transformation.
Frontoni, Giulia. "Vernetzt!" Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E36D-A.
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