Journal articles: 'Farmland mosaic'

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Mądry, Wiesław, Marcin Olik, Barbara Roszkowska-Mądra, Marcin Studnicki, Dariusz Gozdowski, and Elżbieta Wójcik-Gront. "Identifying High Nature Value farmlands on a national scale based on multivariate typology at municipality (LAU 2) level." Biometrical Letters 57, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bile-2020-0006.

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SummaryHigh Nature Value farmlands in Europe are of greatest importance in the conservation of biodiversity. Their environmental importance has been recognized for some time, and has been studied mostly in Western Europe. This article describes the results of multivariate statistical analyses performed on data (13 variables) collected from the latest National Agricultural Census and the CORINE database to provide a typology of farmlands with respect to their nature value at municipality level (LAU 2, Local Administrative Units level 2) across Poland. All municipalities were grouped into eight categories (types). Some of the farmland categories were considered to be High Nature Value farmland (HNVf). The following interrelated variables mostly contributed to the identification of HNVf: share of protected areas and forest, grassland, arable land and fallow, farmland cover diversity, and rate of nitrogen fertilization. HNVf was identified in 958 out of 2173 municipalities, covering 44% of the territory of Poland. The identified HNVf also overlaps partially (61%) with LFAs (Less Favored Areas). Farmlands with the highest nature value are located mostly across mountain and hilly areas, close to forests, and protected areas on lowlands and river valleys. The identified HNV farmlands are characterized by low-input farming systems and a large share of semi-natural habitats with a high landscape mosaic.

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Nyirenda, Vincent R., Ngawo Namukonde, Matamyo Simwanda, Darius Phiri, Yuji Murayama, Manjula Ranagalage, and Kaula Milimo. "Rodent Assemblages in the Mosaic of Habitat Types in the Zambezian Bioregion." Diversity 12, no. 10 (September 23, 2020): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12100365.

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Rodent assemblages have ecological importance in ecosystem functioning and protected area management. Our study examines the patterns of assemblages of rodents across four habitat types (i.e., Miombo woodland, Acacia woodland, grasslands and farmlands) in the savanna environment. Capture-mark-recapture (CMR) methods were applied for data collection across the Chembe Bird Sanctuary (CBS) landscape. The Non-metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling (NMDS) was used for exploratory data analysis, followed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey–Kramer’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) post-hoc tests. The rodent assemblages in CBS significantly differed between the non-farmlands (i.e., Miombo woodland, Acacia woodland and grasslands) and farmlands. There were: (1) zero rodent diversity in farmlands, dominated completely by a pest species, M. natalensis; and (2) different rodent assemblages in three non-farmland habitat types. We suggest that rodent assemblages should be mediated by conservation planning and multi-stakeholder collaboration beyond the protected area boundaries to contribute to a working CBS landscape positively.

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BERG, ÅKe. "Habitat selection by breeding Curlews Nwnenius arquata on mosaic farmland." Ibis 134, no. 4 (June 28, 2008): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1992.tb08015.x.

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Berg, Å. "Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes." Bird Study 49, no. 2 (July 2002): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063650209461260.

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Wegner, John, and Gray Merriam. "Use of spatial elements in a farmland mosaic by a Woodland Rodent." Biological Conservation 54, no. 3 (1990): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(90)90056-u.

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Da Re, Daniele, Eva De Clercq, Enrico Tordoni, Maxime Madder, Raphaël Rousseau, and Sophie Vanwambeke. "Looking for Ticks from Space: Using Remotely Sensed Spectral Diversity to Assess Amblyomma and Hyalomma Tick Abundance." Remote Sensing 11, no. 7 (March 30, 2019): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11070770.

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Landscape heterogeneity, as measured by the spectral diversity of satellite imagery, has the potential to provide information on the resources available within the movement capacity range of arthropod vectors, and to help predict vector abundance. The Spectral Variation Hypothesis states that higher spectral diversity is positively related to a higher number of ecological niches present in the landscape, allowing more species to coexist regardless of the taxonomic group considered. Investigating the landscape heterogeneity as a proxy of the resources available to vectors may be relevant for complex and continuous agro-forest mosaics of small farmlands and degraded forests, where land cover classification is often imprecise. In this study, we hypothesized that larger spectral diversity would be associated with higher tick abundance due to the potentially higher number of hosts in heterogeneous landscapes. Specifically, we tested whether spectral diversity indices could represent heterogeneous landscapes, and if so, whether they explain Amblyomma and Hyalomma tick abundance in Benin and inform on their habitat preferences. Benin is a West-African country characterized by a mosaic landscape of farmland and degraded forests. Our results showed that both NDVI-derived and spectral predictors are highly collinear, with NDVI-derived predictors related to vegetated land cover classes and spectral predictors correlated to mosaic landscapes. Amblyomma abundance was not related to the predictors considered. Hyalomma abundance showed positive relationships to spectral diversity indices and negative relationships to NDVI-derived-ones. Though taxa dependent, our approach showed moderate performance in terms of goodness of fit (ca. 13–20% R2), which is a promising result considering the sampling and scale limitations. Spectral diversity indices coupled with classical SRS vegetation indices could be a complementary approach for providing further ecological aspects in the field of disease biogeography.

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Bennett, Andrew F., Kringen Henein, and Gray Merriam. "Corridor use and the elements of corridor quality: Chipmunks and fencerows in a farmland mosaic." Biological Conservation 68, no. 2 (1994): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(94)90347-6.

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Luskin, Matthew Scott. "Flying Foxes Prefer to Forage in Farmland in a Tropical Dry Forest Landscape Mosaic in Fiji." Biotropica 42, no. 2 (September 29, 2009): 246–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00577.x.

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Morales, Manuel B., Juan Traba, María paula Delgado, and Eladio L. García de la Morena. "The Use of Fallows by Nesting Little BustardTetrax tetraxFemales: Implications for Conservation in Mosaic Cereal Farmland." Ardeola 60, no. 1 (June 2013): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.13157/arla.60.1.2012.85.

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Schwemmer, Philipp, Stefan Garthe, and Roger Mundry. "Area utilization of gulls in a coastal farmland landscape: habitat mosaic supports niche segregation of opportunistic species." Landscape Ecology 23, no. 3 (January 25, 2008): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-008-9194-y.

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Villemey, Anne, Inge van Halder, Annie Ouin, Luc Barbaro, Julie Chenot, Pauline Tessier, François Calatayud, Hilaire Martin, Philip Roche, and Frédéric Archaux. "Mosaic of grasslands and woodlands is more effective than habitat connectivity to conserve butterflies in French farmland." Biological Conservation 191 (November 2015): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.06.030.

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Lana-Renault, N., M. López-Vicente, E. Nadal-Romero, R. Ojanguren, J. A. Llorente, P. Errea, D. Regués, et al. "Catchment based hydrology under post farmland abandonment scenarios." Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 44, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.3475.

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Vegetation expansion following farmland abandonment is a complex process that depends on multiple natural and human-induced factors, resulting in differences in the evolution of land cover on former cultivated fields, with various environmental implications. To assess the complexity of the hydrogeomorphological consequences of farmland abandonment, the Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (CSIC) and the University of La Rioja monitored three small catchments, representative of different post land abandonment scenarios, in the Pyrenees and Iberian Range respectively. In the Pyrenees, a fourth small catchment, covered by natural forest, was monitored as a reference for an undisturbed environment. This study describes the evolution of land use in the abandoned catchments and examines its implications on catchment hydrological connectivity. It also analyses the hydrological responses of the three abandoned scenarios to similar rainfall events, and compares them to that of natural forested areas. .Vegetation tended to increase in the three catchments, but there were important differences in the characteristics of the current land cover. Arnás, the catchment left to a process of natural revegetation, contained a mosaic of shrubs (64%) and forest (27%) at different stages of succession, largely conditioned by the topography and soil properties. Araguás_afforestation was extensively afforested in the 1960s, with 75% of this catchment currently covered by forest, most of it planted artificially. In Munilla, occupied by terraced fields, vegetation recovery was partly restrained by the introduction of cattle, and 80% of the catchment was covered by sparse shrubs. Land abandonment resulted in a general reduction in computed hydrological connectivity in the three studied catchments, except in localized areas close to the main channel, new forest roads and trails, and upstream of terrace wall collapses, all areas of increased hydrological connectivity. The decrease in hydrological connectivity was much lower in Munilla, characterized by an absence of dense vegetation and still dominated by a terraced topography. The hydrological responses of the catchments to similar rainfall events differed significantly, showing the influence of not only vegetation cover but of the properties of soil remaining after previous agricultural activities. Significant storm-flow discharge was observed in Arnás, even under dry conditions, with high peakflows and fast responses. Lower streamflow response was observed in Araguás_Afforestation under dry conditions; however, once the soils were wet the hydrological response was notable and was characterized by high peakflow. The response under afforested trees differed greatly from that of a catchment covered by natural forest, with the latter characterized by gentler hydrographs. The hydrological response in Munilla was the lowest, with long response times and recessions, associated with the thick soils of the terraced fields. These results demonstrated the large variability of post land abandonment scenarios and associated hydrological implications, and highlighted the need to consider these differences to reduce future uncertainties in forecasting water resources and soil conservation.

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Vinogradovs, Ivo, Oļģerts Nikodemus, Didzis Elferts, and Guntis Brūmelis. "Assessment of site-specific drivers of farmland abandonment in mosaic-type landscapes: A case study in Vidzeme, Latvia." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 253 (February 2018): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.10.016.

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Rodrigues, Patrícia, Marco Mirinha, and Luís Palma. "Diurnal raptors of West Africa woodland-farmland mosaics: Data from walking-transects in eastern Guinea-Bissau." Avian Biology Research 13, no. 1-2 (February 12, 2020): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758155920901424.

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Guinea-Bissau is a small country in West Africa, which in spite of its rich biodiversity and the high proportion of protected areas remains under-surveyed in relation to most animal groups, including raptors. The first scientific articles about raptors were only very recently issued. Here, we report raptor occurrence data from eastern Guinea-Bissau. Raptors were surveyed in the dry season along transects walked around 21 villages in a rural woodland-farmland mosaic landscape. The raptor assemblage is composed of 25 species of which the hooded vulture, the lizard buzzard and the African harrier-hawk were the species more often encountered, followed by the African white-backed vulture. The palm-nut vulture, black kite, brown snake-eagle, grasshopper buzzard, African hawk-eagle, grey kestrel and lanner falcon were secondary, although not uncommon species. The remaining species were seldom recorded. The study complements previous knowledge on this bird group, specifically in the central-eastern part of the country, and reaffirms the international relevance of Guinea-Bissau for the conservation of the hooded and African white-backed vultures.

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BERG, ÅKE, and MATTHEW HIRON. "Occurrence of Corncrakes Crex crex in mosaic farmland landscapes in south-central Sweden – effects of habitat and landscape structure." Bird Conservation International 22, no. 2 (September 7, 2011): 234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270911000116.

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SummaryMost studies of Corncrakes have been conducted in grasslands used for hay-cutting, and earlier hay-cutting has been suggested as the main cause of population decline in this species. Less is known about habitat preferences in relation to other land-uses and landscape structure. This paper investigated habitat composition and landscape structure in territories and at random sites in arable fields and meadows in south-central Sweden. Calling Corncrakes preferred sites with tall vegetation, moist ground, and locations close to ditches (55% of territories). Suitable conditions occurred on abandoned unmanaged wet meadows (31% of territories), mown wet meadows (14%), leys (30%) and non-rotational set-asides (15% of territories). Corncrakes avoided annual crops and other crops with short vegetation in the spring. Cutting of vegetation before mid-July was recorded in 21% of the territories and resulted in 100% abandonment of these sites. In contrast to many other ground nesting farmland birds, Corncrakes did not avoid forest edges (42% of territories within 100 m of edges). A strategy to conserve Corncrake populations should focus on maintenance of moist natural and sown grasslands (unmanaged or mown late) with tall vegetation and prevention of succession to woodland. Target areas should be in forested landscapes, because many other meadow birds that are more dependent on management (e.g. yearly mowing or grazing) prefer open landscapes.

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Munyuli, M. B. Théodore. "Butterfly Diversity from Farmlands of Central Uganda." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2012 (2012): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/481509.

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The aim of this study was to collect information about the diversity of butterfly communities in the mixed coffee-banana mosaic (seminatural, agricultural) landscapes of rural central Uganda. Data were collected for one year (2006) using fruit-bait traps, line transect walk-and-counts, and hand nets. A total of 56,315 individuals belonging to 331 species, 95 genera, and 6 families were sampled. The most abundant species wasBicyclus safitza(14.5%) followed byAcraea acerata(6.3%),Catopsilia florella(6.5%) andJunonia sophia(6.1%). Significant differences in abundance, species richness, and diversity of butterflies occurred between the 26 study sites. Farmland butterflies visited a variety of habitats within and around sites, but important habitats included woodlands, fallows, hedgerows, swampy habitats, abandoned gardens, and home gardens. The highest diversity and abundance of butterflies occurred in sites that contained forest remnants. Thus, forest reserves in the surrounding of fields increased the conservation values of coffee-banana agroforestry systems for butterflies. Their protection from degradation should be a priority for policy makers since they support a species-rich community of butterflies pollinating cultivated plants. Farmers are encouraged to protect and increase on-farm areas covered by complex traditional agroforests, linear, and nonlinear seminatural habitats to provide sufficient breeding sites and nectar resources for butterflies.

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Banks, John E., Patti Sandvik, and Levi Keesecker. "Beetle (Coleoptera) and spider (Araneae) diversity in a mosaic of farmland, edge, and tropical forest habitats in western Costa Rica1." Pan-Pacific Entomologist 83, no. 2 (May 2007): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3956/0031-0603-83.2.152.

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Pestka, Zuzanna, Dariusz Jakubas, and Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas. "Habitat preferences of Red-backed Shrikes Lanius collurio and Barred Warblers Sylvia nisoria breeding sympatrically in a wetland/farmland mosaic." Bird Study 65, no. 3 (July 3, 2018): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2018.1503996.

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Panzacchi, Manuela, John D. C. Linnell, Claudia Melis, Morten Odden, John Odden, Lucrezia Gorini, and Reidar Andersen. "Effect of land-use on small mammal abundance and diversity in a forest–farmland mosaic landscape in south-eastern Norway." Forest Ecology and Management 259, no. 8 (March 2010): 1536–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.01.030.

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Tomiałojć, Ludwik. "Changes In Tree Sparrow Passer Montanus Populations From Urban Parks." International Studies on Sparrows 36, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/isspar-2015-0010.

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Abstract Studies of local Tree Sparrow Passer montanus populations from urban parks of Polish cities reveal changes in abundance and in nest site selection which differ from data collected from farmland. These changes are not always synchronous among neighbouring cities and parks. Several urban declines are difficult to explain, chiefly when obscured by the changes in the number of artificial nesting sites. One such case was a recorded decline Tree Sparrow and a switch to nesting in buildings observed in the Szczytnicki Park of Wrocław, after colonization by pine martens Martes martes. Judging from this the absence/presence of important predators or nest predators in other urban parks of Polish cities may be an additional factor promoting Tree Sparrow declines. It is suggested that a lack of precise data on the intensity of (mosaic-like in time and space) predation pressure in agricultural and urban landscapes should be considered when explaining the reasons for population changes in other bird species.

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Kozakiewicz, Michał, Jacek Radzikowski, Marek Ostrowski, and Anna Kozakiewicz. "Fallowing of selected arable fields in a farmland mosaic affects processes on landscape level: a case study of small mammal communities." Ecological Questions 15, no. 1 (October 30, 2013): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/v10090-011-0034-3.

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Pita, Ricardo, António Mira, and Pedro Beja. "Influence of Land Mosaic Composition and Structure on Patchy Populations: The Case of the Water Vole (Arvicola sapidus) in Mediterranean Farmland." PLoS ONE 8, no. 7 (July 16, 2013): e69976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069976.

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Pereira Galvão, Roberta Fontan, Andrea Yuri Flores Urushima, Shoichiro Hara, and Wil De Jong. "Analysis of Land Transition Features and Mechanisms in Peripheral Areas of Kyoto (1950–1960)." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 2, 2020): 4502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114502.

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This article analyzes land transition in the peripheral areas of Kyoto City during a period of fast economic growth in Japan. Disorganized urban growth during periods of urban transition consumed farmland and forestland, with a lasting impact on the city’s environment. The article reports changes in land use and land cover (LULC), population, roads and other transportation infrastructure and the factors behind these changes. The analysis is based on classification of a georeferenced mosaic of black-and-white aerial photos processed with the use of remote sensing technology to reconstruct the city’s LULC change for the years 1950 and 1960. This information is complemented by GIS data, and information derived from the consultation of primary and secondary historical sources. The results show that the urbanization patterns in periods of urban transition and economic growth which vary in different parts of the city determine LULC trajectories. Complex factors and mechanisms at the local level shape these dynamics. The article provides insights into the complex socioenvironmental processes that shape urban land systems and how their unforeseen consequences can impact the transition to sustainable cities.

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Rosalino, Luís Miguel, David White Macdonald, and Margarida Santos-Reis. "Spatial structure and land-cover use in a low-density Mediterranean population of Eurasian badgers." Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 1493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z04-130.

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Eurasian badgers, Meles meles (L., 1758), have an extensive geographic range throughout which their social organization varies. Their capacity for intraspecific variation can now best be understood by studying them in landscapes that differ from the lush, lowland farmland where their tendency to form large groups has been most intensively investigated. Badgers in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) woodland are thus a priority for study, as this Mediterranean landscape provides an extreme contrast to those studied elsewhere. In this habitat in Portugal, we found 0.36–0.48 badgers/km2, one of the lowest population densities recorded in Western Europe. Here, individuals used seasonally stable home ranges that averaged 4.46 km2 and that were occupied by 3–4 adults plus 3–4 cubs of the year. In this landscape, badgers selectively used cork oak woodland with understory and riparian vegetation. As predicted by the resource dispersion hypothesis, home-range size was positively correlated with food-patch dispersion. In southwestern Portugal, badgers depend upon an environmental mosaic such as olive groves and orchards and vegetable gardens for food and cork oak woodlands for shelter and protection.

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Šatalová, Barbora, Jana Špulerová, Dagmar Štefunková, Marta Dobrovodská, Miriam Vlachovičová, and Ivana Kozelová. "Monitoring and evaluating the contribution of the rural development program to high nature value farmland dominated by traditional mosaic landscape in Slovakia." Ecological Indicators 126 (July 2021): 107661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107661.

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Young, David, Phil Bell, and Nick Mooney. "Roosting behaviour of radio-tracked Tasmanian Masked Owls Tyto novaehollandiae castanops." Australian Field Ornithology 38 (2021): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo38013018.

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Roost-sites and roosting behaviour are described for a juvenile female, an adult female and an adult male Tasmanian Masked Owl Tyto novaehollandiae castanops in a forest–farmland landscape. The two female Owls were radiotracked, and frequently used roost-sites in the core area of use. Roost-sites were typically associated with small watercourses, on the edges of large contiguous forest patches within a complex mosaic of forest and pasture. The juvenile Owl used many different vegetation roost-sites after dispersing from her presumed natal territory. In contrast, the adult female used few roosts, including two vegetation roosts and one tree-hollow, and only one roost (a tree-hollow) was located for the adult male. The primary tree-hollow roost-sites of the male and female Owls were <400 m apart and were both <1200 m from a suspected nest-tree. This strongly suggests that the spatial proximity of nest- and roost-sites may be critical to facilitate territorial, foraging and reproductive behaviours of breeding pairs. Increased knowledge of spatial ecology and utilisation of tree-hollows by adult Tasmanian Masked Owls is crucial for their conservation.

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Hámori, Dániel, Győző Szél, and Dániel Winkler. "Food composition of the Little Owl (Athene noctua) in a farmland area of Central Hungary, with particular attention to arthropod diversity." Ornis Hungarica 25, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/orhu-2017-0014.

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Abstract The feeding of Little Owl (Athene noctua) was studied in a farmland area of Kiskunság, Central Hungary. For the analyses, a total of 661 Little Owl pellets were collected between February and September 2005 from three locations, corresponding known Little Owl territories situated nearby the settlements Apaj, Kunpeszér and Ladánybene. The aim of the present study was to explore the diet composition of Little Owl and to give a detailed evaluation of the arthropod diversity based on the pellet analysis. The identified prey items represented 15 vertebrate and 39 invertebrate species/taxa. In terms of prey number, dominance of small mammals was observed in two sites (Apaj – 55%, Kunpeszér – 68%), while birds and mammals shared almost equal dominance (~25%) in Ladánybene. The most numerous mammal species was the Common Vole (Microtus arvalis), while the Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) played key role among the birds. Contribution of amphibian Common Spadefoot (Pelobates fuscus) was considerable, while share of reptiles was marginal. Vertebrates also played a predominant role by contributing over 99% of the overall prey biomass in all study sites. Invertebrate prey dominance ranged from 24.8–30.0% while their contribution to the overall biomass was very low (0.14–0.34%). Large sized beetles (Pentodon idiota, Melolontha hippocastani) and orthopterans (Tettigonia viridissima, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa) were preferred. Arthropod species richness and diversity were the highest in Kunpeszér, supposedly owing to the rich mosaic habitat structure.

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Arbel, Yoav, and Baruch Rosen. "Concepts and Facts of Late Ottoman Jaffa: Cartographic Records and Archaeological Evidence." Proceedings of the ICA 3 (August 6, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-3-2-2021.

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Abstract. The ancient city of Jaffa experienced considerable changes during the 19th century. The effects of warfare, extensive reconstruction and urban expansion turned the Jaffa of 1900 into a markedly different place than the town Napoleon besieged in 1799. Although textual, artistic and photographic records reflect these long-term changes, it is maps drawn by military and civilian European engineers that provide the most comprehensive illustrative testimony.Recent archaeological efforts have, moreover, added yet another perspective to this mosaic of sources. Among the material evidence providing valuable insight into Jaffa's 4000 years of history, data on the later phases of Ottoman rule is particularly intriguing. We now have previously unavailable material confirmation and more detailed records in a higher resolution for urban expansion over farmland and cemeteries, road paving, public construction and the dismantling of fortifications.The joint cartographic and archaeological testimonies offer a more realistic outlook on a period, which, until recently, had been subjectively perceived through military and religious filters, or the critical and often derogatory perspectives of explorers, adventurers and tourists. The challenges the Ottoman authorities faced were numerous and complex; cartographic and archaeological evidence has increased our understanding of the means, investment and planning they employed to maintain control over a thriving and heterogeneous harbor town during a period of profound transformation.

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Šušmelj, Tina. "The impact of environmental factors on distribution of Scops Owl Otus scops in the wider area of Kras (SW Slovenia)." Acrocephalus 32, no. 148-149 (January 1, 2011): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10100-011-0001-5.

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The impact of environmental factors on distribution of Scops Owl Otus scops in the wider area of Kras (SW Slovenia) The aim of the study was to determine the key environmental factors affecting Scops Owl Otus scops occurrence in the wider Kras plateau area (SW Slovenia, 665 km2). Scops Owl was systematically censused in 2006 (180 calling males) and in 2008 (167 calling males). Males were distributed either solitarily or clumped in groups, mostly situated in villages and its surroundings, indicating the species' synanthropic character. Crude densities were 0.3 males/km2 in 2006 and 2008, respectively, while ecological densities were 1.0 males/km2 in 2006 and 0.9 males/km2 in 2008. Population distribution remained roughly the same in both years, with the highest densities in the western and central parts of the Kras plateau, on Kraški rob and on Podgorski kras plateau. Habitat selection was analyzed at three spatial scales (regional, settlement and territory scales), based on spatial data layers (22 environmental variables), using Chi-square goodness-of-fit test and logistic regression. Results revealed that at the regional scale, Scops Owl preferably selected open habitats (extensively managed orchards, built-up areas, vineyards, permanent grasslands) and avoided dense forest and agricultural land with forest trees. As far as settlements were concerned, Scops Owl was more prone to select those that were more distant from the highway, with better preserved traditional agricultural landscape (with more hedgerows) and with higher average annual air temperature. In territory selection, Scops Owl occurrence was associated with longer distance from the highway, larger number of old buildings and higher landscape mosaics. The species seems to be threatened by traffic noise, habitat loss through abandonment and intensification of land and, potentially, by lack of breeding niches within settlements. Conservation measures should include the preservation of mosaic farmland, promotion of extensive agricultural practices, prevention of scrub and forest expansion, and maintenance of breeding niches (old trees, cavities in buildings).

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Batistella, Mateus, and Gustavo Souza Valladares. "Farming expansion and land degradation in Western Bahia, Brazil." Biota Neotropica 9, no. 3 (September 2009): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032009000300005.

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Land degradation by soil erosion has called attention in tropical developing countries, particularly when natural vegetation is converted to farmland. Thus, the occupation of Brazilian savannas in Western Bahia is a matter of growing environmental concern. There are approximately 10 million hectares affected by this relatively recent land-use dynamics, but little is known about the temporal and spatial distribution of the process. To better understand such transformations, this paper addresses three related topics: land use/land cover (LULC) in 1985 and 2000; LULC dynamics between 1985 and 2000; and risk of land degradation by soil erosion as a function of farming expansion. The study area is located in Northeastern Brazil, between the coordinates 11º S and 46º 30' W and 14º S and 43º 30' W. All classes of natural vegetation cover decreased their areas during the period of study. Savanna (cerrado) lost 21.0% of its original area. Modern farming and irrigated areas increased 154.4 and 526.0%, respectively. Farming expansion reached 1,675,233 ha. Moderate risk of land degradation by soil erosion increased from 28.0 to 36.8% of the landscape mosaic between 1985 and 2000. The spatial and temporal dynamics observed reproduces development and land degradation examples of other savanna lands in Brazil. The integrity of native vegetation cover and the dissemination of soil and water conservation practices should be considered. This research contributes with an understanding of landscape transformations as a baseline for strategic environmental and land-use planning within the region.

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Gálvez, Nicolás, Felipe Hernández, Jerry Laker, Horacio Gilabert, Robert Petitpas, Cristián Bonacic, Alessandro Gimona, Alison Hester, and David W. Macdonald. "Forest cover outside protected areas plays an important role in the conservation of the Vulnerable guiña Leopardus guigna." Oryx 47, no. 2 (April 2013): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605312000099.

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AbstractHabitat loss and fragmentation are affecting populations of forest dwelling mammalian carnivores worldwide. In southern Chile, a biodiversity hotspot, anthropogenic activities have resulted in high loss of native forest cover. The guiña, or kodkod cat, Leopardus guigna is a small forest-dwelling felid with a narrow range in the temperate forest of southern Chile. The few existing studies of the species have suggested that it is almost exclusively restricted to large tracts of native forest. This paper reports a study in the temperate forest within a fragmented Andean piedmont landscape which demonstrates that smaller forest fragments in the farmland matrix are playing a key role in the persistence of the guiña. We estimated occupancy in both continuous native forest and remnant forest fragments and, with single-species/single-season models, evaluated the extent to which forest cover, habitat type and proximity to protected areas have a modulating effect on occupancy. A continuous survey during 2008–2009, in three seasons of 90–100 days each, accumulated 6,200 camera trap days and returned 47 photographs of guiña. Total detection in fragments was higher than in continuous forests, with detection confirmed in almost 70% of studied fragments. We found that probability of a site being occupied significantly increased with forest cover (adult/secondary forest, scrubland) and probability was low (< 0.2) in sites with < 50% of surrounding forest cover. Our study highlights the importance of remnant forest fragments in the mosaic of extensive agriculture for the spatial dynamics of a guiña population and hence for the future conservation of the species.

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BROWN, K. J., and G. B. PASTERNACK. "A palaeoenvironmental reconstruction to aid in the restoration of floodplain and wetland habitat on an upper deltaic plain, California, USA." Environmental Conservation 32, no. 2 (June 2005): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290500216x.

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While tens of millions of dollars have been spent on land acquisition and planning for current and future floodplain and wetland restoration in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, knowledge of the historical processes and landscape heterogeneity that are helpful in guiding the environmental restoration are often scarce. This study used palaeoenvironmental reconstruction to increase the historical perspective, with the aim of improving environmental management. Twelve sediment cores collected from the McCormack-Williamson Tract (MWT) leveed farmland and the juxtaposed Delta Meadows (DM) tidal wetland were sampled for a suite of environmental proxies. MWT was a non-tidal flood plain during much of the late-Holocene, with a mosaic of other habitats including dry uplands, riparian forests, and freshwater wetlands persisting nearby. Comparison with the regional sea-level history suggests that the upper delta gradually came under tidal influence 3000–800 calendar years before present (cal BP). Despite this, floodplain landforms and habitats prevailed at DM from 3650–330 cal BP, after which wetlands expanded, suggesting that a flood-based disturbance regime typified the upper delta for most of the late-Holocene. Recently, the upper deltaic plain has been profoundly disturbed by agriculture and other activities, rendering significant loss of habitat. It is believed that a flood-based disturbance regime will recur at MWT if the levees surrounding the tract are intentionally breached as planned for restoration, culminating in a variety of habitats similar to pre-agricultural conditions. Concentrations of Hg, Pb, As, and P pollutants elevated several-fold in surficial sediments are of particular concern, potentially becoming problematic after restoration.

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Solon, Jerzy, and Edyta Regulska. "Wpływ zróżnicowania użytkowania krajobrazowego na cechy zgrupowań biegaczowatych (Coleoptera: Carabidae) obszarów rolnych = Effects of the diversity of landscape use on the characteristics of farmland ground-beetle assemblages." Przegląd Geograficzny 91, no. 3 (2019): 349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/przg.2019.3.3.

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We studied the effects of landscape structure and agricultural land-use on ground beetles (Carabidae) in a temperate farmland mosaic and homogeneous landscape. The research was carried out at twelve research sites located in two regional units, i.e. (a) the northern part of mesoregion 842.72 West Lake District in the macroregion of the Lithuanian Lake District and (b) in the southern part of mesoregion 313.44 Damnicka Upland, within the macroregion of the Koszalin Coastland. By administrative division, these positions are respectively: in the gmina of Dubeninki, voivodeship of Warmian-Masury (Rogajny and Łoje), and in the gmina of Przerośl in Podlasie voivodeship (Rakówek) – hereinafter referred to collectively as the “Dubeninki area”; as well as in the gmina of Potęgowo in the Pomeranian Voivodship (villages of Wieliszewo, Malczkowo, Darżyno and Darżynko – hereinafter referred to as the “Potęgowo area”). Four of the research sites were located in fields of large area, and four in complexes of small fields subject to traditional cultivation. The faunistic data comes from 12 transects (6 for each regional unit and 3 for each field type – large-area fields and complexes of small fields) using standard trapping methods (Barber˙s traps). A set of landscape-structure indicators adapted to the local scale of the study was then applied. Results point to a relationship between the structure of the landscape, the expressed number of patches of plant communities, the diversity of vegetation in the surroundings and the presence of trees in the landscape, and species richness and diversity of ground beetles. Where agricultural areas nevertheless have a diversified landscape these are characterised by greater species richness of Carabidae than homogeneous areas. Furthermore, the shorter the distance to the nearest tree, the greater the species richness and diversity of Carabidae. However, soil type, as well as soil diversity, at a study site and its vicinity are not found to exert a direct impact on the species richness of Carabidae. Different soil types may be characterised by similar grain size, and thus similar humidity conditions and soil reaction, with these in turn determining other habitat conditions of importance to the studied taxon.

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Eshiamwata, G. W., D. G. Berens, B. Bleher, W. R. J. Dean, and K. Böhning-Gaese. "Bird assemblages in isolated Ficus trees in Kenyan farmland." Journal of Tropical Ecology 22, no. 6 (October 20, 2006): 723–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467406003646.

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Over the last few decades a rapid and extensive conversion of tropical forests to agricultural land has taken place resulting in mosaics of fragmented forest patches, pastures and farmland. While the effects of forest fragmentation on biodiversity have been intensively studied within the remaining forests, relatively little is known about the biodiversity in tropical farmland (Daily et al. 2001, Pimentel et al. 1992). Frugivorous birds are an important group of species in tropical farmland ecosystems. Frugivorous birds are significant seed dispersers and can play a prominent role in transporting seeds into disturbed areas and setting the stage for the regeneration of these systems. Isolated fleshy-fruited trees in agricultural landscapes have been shown to attract birds, leading to an increased seed rain and seedling establishment under their canopies (Carrière et al. 2002, Duncan & Chapman 1999, Guevara et al. 1986, 2004; Slocum & Horvitz 2000).

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Storch, Ilse, Evi Woitke, and Stefan Krieger. "Landscape-scale Edge Effect in Predation Risk in Forest-farmland Mosaics of Central Europe." Landscape Ecology 20, no. 8 (December 2005): 927–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-005-7005-2.

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Virkkala, Raimo, Miska Luoto, and Kalle Rainio. "Effects of landscape composition on farmland and red-listed birds in boreal agricultural-forest mosaics." Ecography 27, no. 3 (June 2004): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-7590.2004.03810.x.

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Rebollo, Salvador, José María Rey-Benayas, Pedro Villar-Salvador, Lorenzo Pérez-Camacho, Jorge Castro, Mercedes Molina-Morales, Alexandro B. Leverkus, et al. "Services provided by birds (high-mobile link species) in farmland and forest mosaics: forest regeneration and plague regulation." Ecosistemas 28, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7818/ecos.1736.

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Bougma, Amelie B., Korodjouma Ouattara, Halidou Compaore, and Hassan B. Nacro. "Soil moisture in forest island and adjacent ecosystems in Sub-Saharan Region." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 9 (March 25, 2021): 3323–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i9.28.

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Forest islands are widely distributed throughout West Africa savanna landscape. Stated as direct outcome of anthropogenic activity, these mosaics are often found around villages and are known for their unique and luxuriant characteristics of tropical rainforest. Althought significant studies focus on their ecology, works on edaphic factors that govern their establishment are very scare. The objective of the current study was to evaluate soil moisture dynamics in forest islands compared to that of surrounding savannas and farmlands at five sites located along a precipation gradient in Burkina Faso. For two years, from 2016 to 2017, soil moisture was monitored at a depth of 0-80 cm using a neutron probe. The results highlighted a seasonal pattern ranging from 42±2% during the heavy rainy month (August) to 16±1% during the dry season (October-November). Significant differences in soil moisture content soil water profile and water stock at depth 0 to 80 cm were recorded between locations and land use patterns. In general, soil moisture was on average 58% less in forest island than in croplands across sites. Soil moisture content was lower in topsoil (0-20 cm) compared to deeper soil (40-80 cm). The Study demonstrated evident link of soil moisture dynamic with rainfall and the vegetation pattern.

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Pei, Lisi, Nathan Moore, Shiyuan Zhong, Anthony D. Kendall, Zhiqiu Gao, and David W. Hyndman. "Effects of Irrigation on Summer Precipitation over the United States." Journal of Climate 29, no. 10 (April 28, 2016): 3541–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0337.1.

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Abstract Irrigation’s effects on precipitation during an exceptionally dry summer (June–August 2012) in the United States were quantified by incorporating a novel dynamic irrigation scheme into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The scheme is designed to represent a typical application strategy for farmlands across the conterminous United States (CONUS) and a satellite-derived irrigation map was incorporated into the WRF-Noah-Mosaic module to realistically trigger the irrigation. Results show that this new irrigation approach can dynamically generate irrigation water amounts that are in close agreement with the actual irrigation water amounts across the high plains (HP), where the prescribed scheme best matches real-world irrigation practices. Surface energy and water budgets have been substantially altered by irrigation, leading to modified large-scale atmospheric circulations. In the studied dry summer, irrigation was found to strengthen the dominant interior high pressure system over the southern and central United States and deepen the trough over the upper Midwest. For the HP and central United States, the rainfall amount is slightly reduced over irrigated areas, likely as a result of a reduction in both local convection and large-scale moisture convergence resulting from interactions and feedbacks between the land surface and atmosphere. In areas downwind of heavily irrigated regions, precipitation is enhanced, resulting in a 20%–100% reduction in the dry biases (relative to the observations) simulated over a large portion of the downwind areas without irrigation in the model. The introduction of irrigation reduces the overall mean biases and root-mean-square errors in the simulated daily precipitation over the CONUS.

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Schekkerman, Hans, Wolf Teunissen, and Ernst Oosterveld. "The effect of mosaic management on the demography of black-tailed godwitLimosa limosaon farmland." Journal of Applied Ecology, June 2008, ??? http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01506.x.

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Rios, Elaine, Philip J. K. McGowan, Nigel J. Collar, Maíra Benchimol, Gustavo R. Canale, Fabio Olmos, Manoel Santos-Filho, and Christine S. S. Bernardo. "Which is worse for the red-billed curassow: habitat loss or hunting pressure?" Oryx, March 18, 2020, 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605319000711.

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Abstract Large ground-dwelling Neotropical gamebirds are highly threatened by habitat loss and hunting, but conservationists rarely attempt to distinguish between these two threats in the management of populations. We used three different types of species records to determine the status (i.e. persistence level) of the Endangered red-billed curassow Crax blumenbachii in 14 forest remnants in north-east Brazil, as either persistent, precarious or extirpated. We related these persistence levels to variables measured in a 2-km buffer radius, including variables associated with habitat quality (proportion of forest cover, length of rivers, patch density, distance from rivers) and hunting pressure (proportion of cacao agroforests and farmlands, length of roads, total area occupied by settlements, distance from roads and from settlements). Curassows were more persistent in forest patches located (1) more distant from settlements, (2) in landscapes with few settlements, (3) in landscapes with a high incidence of roads, (4) in a mosaic with a high proportion of forest, shaded cacao agroforest and farmland, and (5) more distant from other forest patches. Hunting pressure potentially exerts more influence on persistence than habitat quality: (1) hunting pressure submodels had a higher explanatory power than habitat quality submodels, (2) final models comprised four hunting pressure variables but only two habitat quality variables, and (3) hunting pressure variables appeared in all models whereas habitat quality variables appeared in only one final model. If hunting pressure is driving declines in curassows, regions with low human presence and a high proportion of forest cover are recommended for establishing new reserves.

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Kozakiewicz, Michał, Jacek Radzikowski, Marek Ostrowski, and Anna Kozakiewicz. "Fallowing of selected arable fields in a farmland mosaic affects processes on landscape level: a case study of small mammal communities." Ecological Questions 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10090-011-0034-3.

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Gong, Cheng, Liangtao Li, Jan C. Axmarcher, Zhenrong Yu, and Yunhui Liu. "Family graveyards form underappreciated local plant diversity hotspots in China's agricultural landscapes." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (January 21, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80362-6.

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AbstractIn the intensively farmed, homogenous agricultural landscape of the North China Plain, family graveyards form distinct cultural landscape features. In addition to their cultural value, these graveyards represent semi-natural habitat islands whose potential roles in biodiversity conservation and ecological functioning has remained poorly understood. In this study, we investigated plant species richness on 199 family graveyards of different ages and sizes. In accordance with biogeography theory, both overall and insect-pollinated plant species richness increased with area and age of graveyards. Even small graveyards show a strong potential for conserving local plant richness, and a mosaic of both large and small family graveyards could play an important role in the conservation of farmland biodiversity and related ecosystem functions. The launch of agri-environmental measures that conserve and create semi-natural habitats, in turn benefitting agricultural biodiversity and ecological functioning, has proven difficult in China due to the shortage of dispensable arable land. Given the great value of family graveyards as semi-natural habitats reflected in our study, we propose to focus preliminary efforts on conserving these landscape features as existing, widespread and culturally important semi-natural habitat islands. This would represent an effective, complementary policy to a subsequent re-establishment of other semi-natural habitats for the conservation of biodiversity and ecological functioning in agricultural landscapes.

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Štrobl, Martin, Pavel Saska, Miroslav Seidl, Milan Řezáč, Michal Knapp, and Tomáš Kadlec. "Response of carabid and arachnid assemblages on plant invasion in woodlots within an agricultural landscape." ARPHA Conference Abstracts 2 (August 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/aca.2.e38738.

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Landscape simplification and the spread of invasive species are considered the main threats to global biodiversity. It is well recognized that non-crop habitats bring complexity to farmland and provide refuge for arthropods. However, knowledge about the effects of invasive trees on arthropods in non-crop habitats in intensive agricultural landscapes is still weak. Therefore, we examined differences in the carabid and arachnid assemblages between woodlots formed by the invasive black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and by native deciduous tree species in the intensive agricultural landscape in the Czech Republic, Central Europe. We sampled carabids, harvestmen and spiders by using pitfall traps, sweeping the vegetation and light trapping. Effects of woodlot’s habitat structure, land cover composition in the surroundings and the area of woodlots were included to the analyses. The abundance of carabids was lower in R. pseudoacacia woodlots. Carabid individuals could benefit from the more favourable microclimate in the native woodlots, in which relatively greater humidity may support more ample food resources. On the contrary, species richness of carabids did not differ between the woodlot types. The abundance and species richness of arachnids did not differ between the woodlot types. Number of individuals increased with increasing woodlot’s area and the species richness increased with the more open woodlot’s habitat structure. The forest specialists of both groups were associated with the native woodlots with more developed canopy and shrub layers. The diversity losses of the arachnid forest specialists in the R. pseudoacacia woodlots were replaced by the species exploiting well-developed herb layer, and open-habitat specialists, including threatened species. Conversely, carabids of open habitats had no affinity to woodlot types. Native woodlots and those formed by R. pseudoacacia differed in vegetation structure and hosted different arachnid and carabid assemblages. Therefore, parallel presence of both types of woodlots supports arthropod diversity in otherwise simplified agricultural landscapes through creating more complex mosaic of habitats.

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Shumi, Girma, Patrícia Rodrigues, Jan Hanspach, Werner Härdtle, Kristoffer Hylander, Feyera Senbeta, Joern Fischer, and Jannik Schultner. "Woody plant species diversity as a predictor of ecosystem services in a social–ecological system of southwestern Ethiopia." Landscape Ecology, December 4, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01170-x.

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Abstract Context Human-dominated landscapes in the tropics need to be managed for biodiversity and the maintenance of ecosystem services (ES). Nevertheless, integrating both biodiversity conservation and ES management remains a challenge. Objectives This study aimed to quantify woody plant species diversity and associated ES in farmland and forests, and investigate the relationship between species and ES diversity. Methods The study was conducted in southwestern Ethiopia. We surveyed woody plants in 181 20 m by 20 m plots in farmland, forest with, and forest without coffee management. We also interviewed 180 randomly selected households about woody plant benefits. We then (a) quantified species and ES diversity; and (b) investigated the relationship between species and ES diversity. Results We recorded 128 woody plant species in total. Most ES were available in all land uses, although they differed in their mean availability. ES composition was significantly different among land uses. ES diversity was positively related with species diversity in all land uses. Conclusions Our findings suggest that all examined land-use types were multifunctional in terms of key ES provided by woody plants and that maintaining high species diversity also benefits ES diversity. Given these findings, we suggest to: (1) strengthen landscape multifunctionality by drawing on the positive relationship between biodiversity and ES diversity; (2) devise conservation policies that encompass entire landscape mosaics and enhance co-benefits of conservation and ES provision across land uses; and (3) conduct further social–ecological studies that use mixed data to elicit socially relevant relationships between biodiversity and ES diversity.

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Ancrenaz, Marc, Felicity Oram, Nardiyono Nardiyono, Muhammad Silmi, Marcie E. M. Jopony, Maria Voigt, Dave J. I. Seaman, et al. "Importance of Small Forest Fragments in Agricultural Landscapes for Maintaining Orangutan Metapopulations." Frontiers in Forests and Global Change 4 (February 4, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2021.560944.

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Historically, orangutans (Pongo spp.) lived in large contiguous areas of intact rainforest. Today, they are also found in highly modified and fragmented landscapes dominated by oil palm or industrial timber plantations; a situation that calls for new conservation approaches. Here we report signs of orangutan presence in more than 120 small forest fragments of <500 ha in size and isolated in extensive oil palm plantations across Borneo. We confirmed the long-term presence of adult resident females with dependent young in 42% of the fragments assessed by ground survey (n = 50), and the regular sightings of males traveling across the landscape. We argue that orangutans using and living in small isolated forest patches play an essential part in the metapopulation by maintaining gene flow among larger sub-populations distributed across multiple-use landscapes. In some cases, translocations may be necessary when the animals are in imminent danger of being killed and have no other refuge. However, the impacts of removing animals from spatially dispersed metapopulations could inadvertently decrease critical metapopulation functionality necessary for long-term viability. It is clear that orangutans need natural forest to survive. However, our findings show that forest fragments within agricultural landscapes can also complement conservation areas if they are well-distributed, properly connected and managed, and if orangutan killing is prevented. Efforts to better understand the dynamics and the functionality of an orangutan metapopulation in forest-farmland landscape mosaics characteristic of the Anthropocene are urgently needed to design more efficient conservation strategies for the species across its range.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Farmland mosaic'

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