Journal articles: 'Farmland bird'

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Morelli, Federico. "Quantifying Effects of Spatial Heterogeneity of Farmlands on Bird Species Richness by Means of Similarity Index Pairwise." International Journal of Biodiversity 2013 (May 23, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/914837.

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Many studies have shown how intensification of farming is the main cause of loss biodiversity in these environments. During the last decades, agroecosystems in Europe have changed drastically, mainly due to mechanization of agriculture. In this work, species richness in bird communities was examined on a gradient of spatial heterogeneity of farmlands, in order to quantify its effects. Four categories of farmland spatial heterogeneity were defined, based on landscape and landuse parameters. The impact of features increasing the spatial heterogeneity was quantified comparing the similarity indexes between bird communities in several farmlands of Central Italy. The effects of environmental variables on bird richness were analyzed using GLM. The results highlighted that landscape features surrogates of high nature values (HNVs) of farmlands can increase more than 50% the bird species richness. The features more related to bird richness were hedgerows, scattered shrubs, uncultivated patches, and powerlines. The results confirm that the approach based on HNV for evaluating the farmlands is also suitable in order to study birds’ diversity. However, some species are more sensitive to heterogeneity, while other species occupy mainly homogeneous farmlands. As a consequence, different conservation methods must be considered for each farmland bird species.

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Kwieciński, Zbigniew, Federico Morelli, Marcin Antczak, Martin Hromada, Paweł Szymański, Marcin Tobolka, Łukasz Jankowiak, and Piotr Tryjanowski. "Seasonal changes in avian communities living in an extensively used farmland of Western Poland." European Journal of Ecology 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eje-2016-0012.

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Abstract To study the seasonal changes in avian communities, we collected data in an extensively used farmland in Western Poland during 2006-2013. Generalized additive mixed models were used in order to study the effects of seasonality and protected areas on the overall bird species richness. A similarity percentage analysis was also conducted in order to identify the species that contribute most strongly to dissimilarity among each bird according to the phenological season. Furthermore, the differences in bird communities were investigated applying the decomposition of the species richness in season, trend, and remainder components. Each season showed significant differences in bird species richness (seasonality effect). The effect of the protected areas was slightly positive on the overall species richness for all seasons. However, an overall negative trend was detected for the entire period of eight years. The bird community composition was different among seasons, showing differences in terms of dominant species. Greater differences were found between breeding and wintering seasons, in particular, the spatial pattern of sites with higher bird richness (hotspots) were different between breeding and wintering seasons. Our findings showed a negative trend in bird species richness verified in the Polish farmlands from 2006. This result mirrors the same negative trend already highlighted for Western Europe. The role of protected areas, even if slightly positive, was not enough to mitigate this decline process. Therefore, to effectively protect farmland birds, it is necessary to also consider inter-seasons variation, and for this, we suggest the use of medium-term temporal studies on bird communities’ trends.

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SANTOS, TOMÁS, ROBERTO CARBONELL, AITOR GALARZA, JAVIER PÉREZ-TRIS, ÁLVARO RAMÍREZ, and JOSÉ LUIS TELLERÍA. "The importance of northern Spanish farmland for wintering migratory passerines: a quantitative assessment." Bird Conservation International 24, no. 1 (June 3, 2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270913000191.

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SummaryMigratory birds are critically dependent on adequate wintering habitats for their long-term survival. Cantabrian farmland, a mixed agricultural landscape extending across the coastal lowlands of northern Spain, constitutes an important wintering area for many short-distance migrants coming from central-western and northern Europe. Unfortunately, the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union and national afforestation schemes have resulted in a massive replacement of farmland by pinePinusspp. and eucalyptEucalyptussp. plantations. This work assesses the importance of Cantabrian farmland as wintering grounds for short-distance European migrants and for wintering species that originate in nearby woodlands. We examined the seasonal changes in passerine bird populations in the Cantabrian region and used winter ringing recoveries obtained in the area to evaluate the contribution made by European migrants to winter populations. Bird communities were surveyed along 299 500-m long transects distributed between 67 farmland patches, 67 lowland forests and 14 upland forests. Winter assemblages were more diverse and species more abundant in farmland than in lowland or upland forests, whereas these differences were smaller in the spring. Bird numbers in farmland tripled in winter, numbers increasing by about 6.9 million birds compared to breeding populations. Most of this increase was accounted for by species that also bred in the region and that considerably increased their abundance (65.6% of all wintering birds, with the ChaffinchFringilla coelebsresponsible for 31.4% of the total increase) and by five exclusively wintering species (34.4%, with the Meadow PipitAnthus pratensisaccounting for 25.2% of the total increase). The main bulk of this increase is caused by the influx of European migrants. The importance of halting the current spread of eucalypt plantations (which increased over 400% over the past 30 years) and of applying more effective agri-environment schemes to achieve appropriate farmland conservation is discussed.

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Zasadil, Petr, Dušan Romportl, and Jakub Horák. "Disentangling the Roles of Topography, Patch, and Land Use on Conservation Trait Status of Specialist Birds in Marginal Forest Land Use Types." Forests 11, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11010103.

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One of the main questions in ecology and conservation is how organisms are governed and affected by their traits within the context of abiotic gradients. The main question of our study addresses how patch, topography, and land use influence conservation trait status (rarity and red-list index) of birds generally, and of farmland and woodland specialists specifically, in marginal forest landscape types. We sampled birds from 68 traditional fruit orchards existing as remnants of agroforestry within the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic during two consecutive years. We recorded 57 bird species, of which 31 species were forest dwellers and 16 farmland dwellers. Topographical predictors played the most significant role in influencing traits of the bird community as a whole. Farmland bird traits indicated the most balanced values, as they were significantly influenced by all studied predictor sets. Their responses nevertheless differed among the studied traits and also showed a more complex pattern because the values of interaction between some predictor categories were relatively high. Traits of woodland birds were most influenced by the patch configuration. We found that a structurally diversified marginal habitat type of traditional fruit orchards is able to promote a number of specialist species and also reveals important relationships between bird conservation traits and different predictor sets. Researchers should pay more attention to the conservation traits of birds and their interactions with environmental predictors. Furthermore, conservationists should be more attentive to the biodiversity value and sustainable management of traditional fruit orchards.

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Buckingham, D. L., and W. J. Peach. "The influence of livestock management on habitat quality for farmland birds." Animal Science 81, no. 2 (October 2005): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/asc50700199.

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AbstractAbstract This review covers research linking foraging habitat quality for birds to livestock management in lowland farmland. Based on this research we propose a framework for predicting the value of grazing systems to birds. This predictive framework is needed to guide the development of agri-environment measures to address farmland bird declines in pastoral areas. We show that the exacting requirements of declining granivorous birds pose the greatest challenges, while the needs of soil invertebrate feeding species are more easily met.

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Voudouri, Aikaterini, Evgenia Chaideftou, and Athanassios Sfougaris. "Topsoil Seed Bank as Feeding Ground for Farmland Birds: A Comparative Assessment in Agricultural Habitats." Land 10, no. 9 (September 14, 2021): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10090967.

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The topsoil seed bank was studied in four types of agricultural bird habitats: fields with cereals, maize, clover and tilled fields of a Mediterranean plain to determine the potentially richest habitat based on food supply for the wintering farmland birds. The diversity and abundance of topsoil seeds differed between seasons but did not differ significantly between habitats. The cereal habitat was the richest in food supply for the overwintering of farmland birds. The topsoil seed bank was dominated by Chenopodium album, Polygonum aviculare and Amaranthus retroflexus. The findings of this study provide insight for low-intensity management of higher-elevation mount agricultural areas of southern Mediterranean by preserving seed-rich habitats for farmland avifauna.

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BUSCH, MALTE, JAKOB KATZENBERGER, SVEN TRAUTMANN, BETTINA GERLACH, RAINER DRÖSCHMEISTER, and CHRISTOPH SUDFELDT. "Drivers of population change in common farmland birds in Germany." Bird Conservation International 30, no. 3 (January 14, 2020): 335–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270919000480.

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SummaryFarmland bird populations in Germany are declining at a higher speed than species inhabiting other habitats. We studied potential causes for bird population changes based on data from standardised German breeding bird monitoring schemes. We related population trends to covariates describing the changes in the agricultural landscape in Germany, weather conditions during the breeding season and for some migratory species, conditions at stopover and wintering sites. Linear mixed effect models were used to analyse effect strength at species level and conclusions are drawn for the overall group of farmland bird species. The area of grassland and fallow land was shown to have the strongest positive effects and the area of maize and rapeseed the strongest negative effects on farmland bird population trends. The results obtained also indicate that despite the consistent influence of weather conditions during the breeding season, land-use changes had a stronger impact on bird populations than weather. Conditions at Sahel wintering sites did not show a consistent effect on population trends. Based on these findings the study quantitatively underpins and ranks key factors shaping farmland bird populations in Germany.

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Arnold, GW, RA Maller, and R. Litchfield. "Comparison of Bird Populations in Remnants of Wandoo Woodland and in Adjacent Farmland." Wildlife Research 14, no. 3 (1987): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9870331.

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Data were obtained during 2 yr at Baker's Hill, Western Australia, in farmland with no trees, scattered trees or clumps of trees and 3 types of open woodland. There were differences in the number of bird species found in each habitat, ranging from 25 in woodland habitats to 11 in open farmland. In autumn, there were more aerial feeders in open farmland and farmland with few trees than in farmland with many trees and woodland, but fewer in spring. There were more ground-feeding seed-eaters in farmland with trees than elsewhere, except in autumn. There were large seasonal reciprocal changes in the numbers of thornbills in farmland with many trees and woodland, indicating movement between habitats. Within the woodland habitats there were only small seasonal changes, but there were large differences in numbers of some groups between the 3 habitats.

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Radisic, Dimitrije, Milica Miskovic, Sandra Jovanovic, Tijana Nikolic, Goran Sekulic, Ante Vujic, and Dubravka Milic. "Protected area networks are insufficient for the conservation of threatened farmland species: A case study on corncrake (Crex crex) and lesser grey shrike (Lanius minor) in Serbia." Archives of Biological Sciences 71, no. 1 (2019): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs180924053r.

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To conserve threatened farmland species requires an estimate of the representation of their habitats within protected areas, especially in countries with inadequate mechanisms for protecting and managing habitats outside of protected areas. We conducted a gap analysis to evaluate the conservation status of suitable habitats for two threatened farmland bird species - corncrake (Crex crex) and lesser grey shrike (Lanius minor) - within the networks of national protected areas (NPAs) and important bird areas (IBAs) in Serbia. We determined the distribution of suitable habitats using MaxEnt based on climate, topography and land-cover variables. We found that the proportion of suitable habitats within the NPAs is very low (12.31% and 2.04% for the corncrake and lesser grey shrike, respectively), although it is significantly higher for both species within IBAs (25.86% and 9.91%, respectively). Upland farmland habitats (preferred by corncrake) are better represented within both networks (especially IBAs) than lowland habitats (preferred by lesser grey shrike). Our spatially explicit distribution models identify suitable habitats within and beyond the NPAs and IBAs that require monitoring and appropriate conservation measures. The low representation of suitable habitats within these networks is an obstacle to the conservation of both species and other farmland birds in Serbia.

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Báldi, András, László Somay, and Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki. "Wintering Farmland Bird Assemblages in West Hungary." Polish Journal of Ecology 63, no. 4 (December 2015): 608–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/15052249pje2015.63.4.013.

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11

FOX, A. D. "Has Danish agriculture maintained farmland bird populations?" Journal of Applied Ecology 41, no. 3 (June 2004): 427–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-8901.2004.00917.x.

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12

Lindenmayer, David B., Ross Cunningham, Mason Crane, Damian Michael, and Rebecca Montague-Drake. "Farmland bird responses to intersecting replanted areas." Landscape Ecology 22, no. 10 (September 12, 2007): 1555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-007-9156-9.

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13

Girard, J., A. Baril, P. Mineau, and L. Fahrig. "Foraging habitat and diet of Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) nesting in farmland: a stable isotope approach." Canadian Journal of Zoology 90, no. 11 (November 2012): 1339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z2012-103.

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Agricultural intensification has been linked to declines in farmland and grassland bird populations in Europe and in North America. One factor thought to be behind these declines is reduced invertebrate food abundance in the breeding season, leading to reduced reproductive success. However, little is known about foraging habitat or diet of farmland birds in North America. We used stable isotopes to study foraging habitat and diet of Song Sparrows ( Melospiza melodia (A. Wilson, 1810)), a common hedgerow-breeding bird, by collecting claw clippings of Song Sparrow nestlings from farms in eastern Ontario, Canada. Mean values of δ13C and δ15N were compared between claws and invertebrate food sources from adjacent land-cover types, using a Bayesian mixing model. The portion of nestling diet that came from seminatural and forage habitats was higher than expected, based on the proportion of seminatural and forage cover at the nest. This was particularly evident at nests with low seminatural cover, where hedgerows were the only noncrop habitat. The most important food sources for Song Sparrow nestlings were hoppers (Auchenorrhyncha) and caterpillars (Lepidoptera). Management actions to increase invertebrate abundance in hedgerows may benefit Song Sparrows and other farmland birds with minimal impact on crop yield.

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Gregory, Richard D., Arco van Strien, Petr Vorisek, Adriaan W. Gmelig Meyling, David G. Noble, Ruud P. B. Foppen, and David W. Gibbons. "Developing indicators for European birds." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360, no. 1454 (February 28, 2005): 269–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1602.

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The global pledge to deliver ‘a significant reduction in the current rate of biodiversity loss by 2010’ is echoed in a number of regional and national level targets. There is broad consensus, however, that in the absence of conservation action, biodiversity will continue to be lost at a rate unprecedented in the recent era. Remarkably, we lack a basic system to measure progress towards these targets and, in particular, we lack standard measures of biodiversity and procedures to construct and assess summary statistics. Here, we develop a simple classification of biodiversity indicators to assist their development and clarify purpose. We use European birds, as example taxa, to show how robust indicators can be constructed and how they can be interpreted. We have developed statistical methods to calculate supranational, multi-species indices using population data from national annual breeding bird surveys in Europe. Skilled volunteers using standardized field methods undertake data collection where methods and survey designs differ slightly across countries. Survey plots tend to be widely distributed at a national level, covering many bird species and habitats with reasonable representation. National species' indices are calculated using log-linear regression, which allows for plot turnover. Supranational species' indices are constructed by combining the national species' indices weighted by national population sizes of each species. Supranational, multi-species indicators are calculated by averaging the resulting indices. We show that common farmland birds in Europe have declined steeply over the last two decades, whereas woodland birds have not. Evidence elsewhere shows that the main driver of farmland bird declines is increased agricultural intensification. We argue that the farmland bird indicator is a useful surrogate for trends in other elements of biodiversity in this habitat.

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SICURELLA, BEATRICE, VALERIO ORIOLI, GUIDO PINOLI, ROBERTO AMBROSINI, and LUCIANO BANI. "Effectiveness of the system of protected areas of Lombardy (Northern Italy) in preserving breeding birds." Bird Conservation International 28, no. 3 (July 25, 2017): 475–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095927091700017x.

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SummaryNetworks of protected areas (PAs) where human activities are allowed at different degrees are fundamental to ensure the long-term conservation of biological diversity and ecological processes. However, studies aimed at assessing their effectiveness, focusing on several species simultaneously are scarce. We assessed the effectiveness of the system of protected areas (PAs) of Lombardy, Northern Italy, in conserving bird populations by comparing the changes from 1992 to 2013 in the occurrence of 54 breeding bird species censused in areas classified in different protection categories, namely Nature Reserves (NRs), areas designed predominantly for the protection of nature; Regional Parks (RPs), naturally valuable areas where human activities, including intensive agriculture, are allowed; and non-protected areas (NPAs). Overall, occurrence of common birds increased in Lombardy in the last 20 years and farmland and long-distance migrants (LDMs), which suffered sharp declines at a continental scale, showed stable and increasing trends, respectively. These trends were, however, the balance between those of species whose occurrence markedly increased, and those of species that dramatically declined. Species occurred more often in PAs than in NPAs, while temporal trends in occurrence were significantly more positive in RPs than in both NRs and NPAs. Hence, PAs seemed effective in preserving common bird communities. Occurrence of woodland and short-distance migrant species was higher in PAs than in NPAs, while occurrence of farmland species and LDMs was similar in all protection categories. PAs of Lombardy appear therefore effective only in protecting some categories of birds. Farmland and LDM birds would benefit more from ecologically sustainable land-use policies aiming at improving agro-ecosystem biodiversity than from protected areas.

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Smith, Paul G. R. "Winter Bird Use of Urban and Rural Habitats in Ontario." Canadian Field-Naturalist 117, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v117i2.679.

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This study examined variation in winter bird diversity, abundance, biomass and species and guild composition on plots in farmland, rural forests, mixed rural habitat, cities and three categories of urban natural areas in southern Ontario. Small (<20 g), insectivorous, upper canopy, bark foraging and forest species were more prevalent in rural mixed habitat, urban natural areas and especially rural forests. Larger (20-100 g), ground feeding and omnivorous birds typified cities and farms. Many bird species classified as forest, forest edge and field species during summer also favored these same habitats during winter. The 52 sample plots can be accurately classified into the seven habitat categories through discriminant analysis using the percentages of small species, insectivores, forest species and alien species. Urban natural areas, forests and mixed rural habitat showed the highest diversity while cities and farms showed the lowest diversity. Both bird abundance and biomass were highest in urban natural areas with open water and urban residential and commercial areas, whereas both were lowest in farmland.

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Stjernman, Martin, Martin Green, Åke Lindström, Ola Olsson, Richard Ottvall, and Henrik G. Smith. "Habitat-specific bird trends and their effect on the Farmland Bird Index." Ecological Indicators 24 (January 2013): 382–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.07.016.

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Eshiamwata, G. W., D. G. Berens, B. Bleher, W. R. J. Dean, and K. Böhning-Gaese. "Bird assemblages in isolated Ficus trees in Kenyan farmland." Journal of Tropical Ecology 22, no. 6 (October 20, 2006): 723–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467406003646.

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Over the last few decades a rapid and extensive conversion of tropical forests to agricultural land has taken place resulting in mosaics of fragmented forest patches, pastures and farmland. While the effects of forest fragmentation on biodiversity have been intensively studied within the remaining forests, relatively little is known about the biodiversity in tropical farmland (Daily et al. 2001, Pimentel et al. 1992). Frugivorous birds are an important group of species in tropical farmland ecosystems. Frugivorous birds are significant seed dispersers and can play a prominent role in transporting seeds into disturbed areas and setting the stage for the regeneration of these systems. Isolated fleshy-fruited trees in agricultural landscapes have been shown to attract birds, leading to an increased seed rain and seedling establishment under their canopies (Carrière et al. 2002, Duncan & Chapman 1999, Guevara et al. 1986, 2004; Slocum & Horvitz 2000).

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Arlt, Debora, Pär Forslund, Tobias Jeppsson, and Tomas Pärt. "Habitat-Specific Population Growth of a Farmland Bird." PLoS ONE 3, no. 8 (August 20, 2008): e3006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0003006.

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Sauerbrei, Ralf, Klemens Ekschmitt, Volkmar Wolters, and Thomas K. Gottschalk. "Increased energy maize production reduces farmland bird diversity." GCB Bioenergy 6, no. 3 (December 13, 2013): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12146.

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Lack, Peter C. "Hedge intersections and breeding bird distribution in farmland." Bird Study 35, no. 2 (July 1988): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063658809480390.

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STILLMAN, R. A., and V. L. SIMMONS. "Predicting the functional response of a farmland bird." Functional Ecology 20, no. 4 (August 2006): 723–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01155.x.

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Holland, J. M., B. M. Smith, T. C. Birkett, and S. Southway. "Farmland bird invertebrate food provision in arable crops." Annals of Applied Biology 160, no. 1 (December 6, 2011): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2011.00521.x.

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Henderson, I. G., J. A. Vickery, and N. Carter. "The use of winter bird crops by farmland birds in lowland England." Biological Conservation 118, no. 1 (June 2004): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2003.06.003.

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Szép, Tibor, Károly Nagy, Zsolt Nagy, and Gergő Halmo. "Population trends of common breeding and wintering birds in Hungary, decline of longdistance migrant and farmland birds during 1999–2012." Ornis Hungarica 20, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 13–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2013-0007.

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Abstract Based on the Hungarian common bird monitoring scheme (MMM), which is the longest running country-wide monitoring using formal sampling design with representative data for the main habitats in Central-Eastern Europe, we investigated the population trends of common breeding and wintering species. Habitat preference and occupancy of the common breeders, migration strategies and relationships among these characteristics could act behind the population trends. We pointed out that long distance migrant bird species had strong decreasing trends in Hungary and very probably in the entire Pannonian biogeographical region, whereas the partial and short migrant species has increasing trends. Farmland birds had declining trend, which trend became more obvious since the joining of Hungary to the EU. The negative changes in the farmland habitat could influence bird species nesting/foraging mainly in this habitat independently from their migration strategies. Our investigations let us to develop indicators on the basis of migration strategy and habitat usage of common birds to provide regular information about condition of groups of species and their habitats in Hungary and the Pannonian region. The MMM database provide unique opportunity for further investigations of several species, habitats and area specific in a part of Europe where this kind of information is rare yet.

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Wu, Qing Ming, Jian Zhang Ma, and Hong Fei Zou. "Correlation between the Avian Community and Habitat Type during the Wintering Period in Zhalong National Nature Reserve, China." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 1634–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1634.

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Zhalong National Nature Reserve (Zhalong) is an important habitat of avian, especial for cranes and waterfowls. For grasping the relation between avian ecological group and habitat types and scientific management for resource, we used line transects to survey bird population and distribution during November-December from 2005-2009 at Zhalong, and used cluster analysis and Chi-Square tests to analyze data. We recorded 23 bird species of 15 families and 7 orders during the wintering period, including Anseriformes, Columbiformes, Falconiformes, Galliformes, Gruiformes, Passeriformes, Strigiformes. Geographic region and dominant vegetation were the main influence factors of wintering avian distribution at Zhalong. Different ecological groups preferred different habitat types (p<0.01). Reed marsh were strong preferred, next were farmland and open forest. Passeres preferred reed marsh, open forest and farmland; Raptatores preferred open forest and reed marsh; Terrestores and Grallatores all preferred reed marsh and farmland. Different avian ecological groups occupied specific habitats types and we recorded some overlaps in bird distribution.

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Doxa, Aggeliki, Maria Luisa Paracchini, Philippe Pointereau, Vincent Devictor, and Frédéric Jiguet. "Preventing biotic homogenization of farmland bird communities: The role of High Nature Value farmland." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 148 (February 2012): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.11.020.

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Chamberlain, D. E., A. Joys, P. J. Johnson, L. Norton, R. E. Feber, and R. J. Fuller. "Does organic farming benefit farmland birds in winter?" Biology Letters 6, no. 1 (September 9, 2009): 82–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0643.

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The generally higher biodiversity on organic farms may be influenced by management features such as no synthetic pesticide and fertilizer inputs and/or by differences in uncropped habitat at the site and landscape scale. We analysed bird and habitat data collected on 48 paired organic and conventional farms over two winters to determine the extent to which broad-scale habitat differences between systems could explain overall differences in farmland bird abundance. Density was significantly higher on organic farms for six out of 16 species, and none on conventional. Total abundance of all species combined was higher on organic farms in both years. Analyses using an information-theoretic approach suggested that both habitat extent and farm type were important predictors only for starling and greenfinch. Organic farming as currently practised may not provide significant benefits to those bird species that are limited by winter food resources, in particular, several declining granivores.

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Slabe-Erker, Renata, Marko Ogorevc, Primož Kmecl, and Rok Ciglič. "Effects of the European Common Agricultural Policy on Preserving Biodiversity: Farmland Birds in Slovenia." European Countryside 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2019-0018.

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Abstract This paper assesses the effects of agricultural payments on changes in farmland bird diversity in Slovenia. Diversity was measured by Shannon index, while the impacts were estimated with the first-difference estimator on panel data for municipalities with and without special protection areas for birds. The effects of agricultural payments on farmland biodiversity require that the balance of financial instruments be taken into account when the agricultural policy is being drafted. The effects of payments in municipalities with and without special protection areas indicate the need to consider the landscape perspective and adapt schemes to landscape type while preparing the national agricultural policy.

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Ariunjargal, G., and Yang Guisheng. "Diversity of bird community in Hohhot." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 11, no. 2 (November 25, 2014): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.240.

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The article contains research on avifauna compliment, numeral and bird distribution which depend on differentiation of habitat and seasons in Hohhot for last year. A bird is one of the important species of vertebrates which has an essential role on ecological balance and biological control. Having diversity of birds is the main composition of biological diversity. Bird community structure is determined by relationship of bird’s species and general correlation of birds and environment. Diversity of bird community structure has direct correlation of its species, bird community numeral and habitat. Also it depends on geographical factor, habitat, diversity of plant community, plant vertical structure, food resource, possibility of shelter and other factors. Therefore, bird species become a very valuable indicator for ecological condition of the city and environmental ecological quality. We have divided the areas around Hohhot, Inner Mongolia into 6 different habitats such as grassland, farmland, residential area, woodland, wetland and garbage dump. We have performed the bird fundamental study, and investigated bird flora, ecology, distribution, diversity, environment, and community structure in different habitats and seasons. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.240 Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.11(2) 2013 pp.159-165

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LÓPEZ-JAMAR, JUAN, FABIÁN CASAS, MARIO DÍAZ, and MANUEL B. MORALES. "Local differences in habitat selection by Great Bustards Otis tarda in changing agricultural landscapes: implications for farmland bird conservation." Bird Conservation International 21, no. 3 (November 3, 2010): 328–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270910000535.

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SummaryLocal changes in land use can influence patterns of habitat selection by farmland birds, thus biasing predictions of population responses to land use changes based on wildlife-habitat or niche modelling. This study, based in arable farmland in south-central Spain, determined whether habitat selection (use of agricultural habitats and the distance to roads, tracks and buildings) by Great Bustards Otis tarda varied between two nearby areas with differing land uses. The western sector has experienced a process of land abandonment and infrastructure development linked to an airport project that started in 1998 and finished in 2009, while the eastern sector maintains extensive dry farmland systems. Great Bustards avoided ploughed fields and selected short- and long-term fallows. Selection of fallows was more intensive in the sector suffering recent land-use changes, where these substrates were more abundant. Great Bustards were distributed further from roads, paths and buildings than would be expected if individual birds selected habitats at random. Avoidance of infrastructure was strongest in the area suffering recent land-use changes. Local patterns of habitat selection seemed to change in relation to agricultural abandonment and infrastructure development. Consequently, conservation measures based on knowledge of broad patterns of habitat use and selection such as agri-environmental schemes may fail to ensure steppe bird conservation locally if such local effects are overlooked. Specifically, schemes should include landscape-scale restrictions on the development and use of infrastructure (roads, tracks and buildings). Analyses of the patterns and causes of local and regional changes in habitat selection are essential to conserve populations of endangered farmland birds.

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J. Leach, G. "Changes in populations of bird species in roadside softwood scrub remnants/farmland and open eucalypt forest in south-east Queensland, 1981 to 1993." Pacific Conservation Biology 2, no. 3 (1995): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc960232.

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Long-term monitoring of bird species provides information on base-line populations and population trends required to ensure that habitat management is effective for their conservation. Two surveys in both spring and autumn over 12 years monitored populations at fixed points in roadside softwood scrub remnants plus adjoining farmland (softwood/farmland) and in eucalypt open forest in south-east Queensland. The main aims were to determine the status of species in each habitat, especially whether the status of any species was changing, and to assess the usefulness of the monitoring procedure. In all, 92 species were observed; 79 in the softwood/farmland and 74 in the eucalypt forest. From 49 to 56 species were observed each year in softwood/farmland and 34 to 46 in eucalypt forest. Annual species turnover in softwood/farmland was about half that in eucalypt forest; 39% of all species were observed every year in the former habitat, but only 19% in the latter. The Torresian Crow was most often observed in softwood/farmland and the Noisy Miner in eucalypt forest. The Torresian Crow was the only species to be among the five most observed in each habitat. Among other common species, 95% or more observations of Bar-shouldered Doves, Superb Fairy-wrens, Yellow Thornbills and Silvereyes were in softwood/farmland, whereas for Weebills, White-throated Gerygones, Buff-rumped Thornbills, White-throated Treecreepers and White-throated Honeyeaters at least 95% of observations were in eucalypt forest, confirming their strong habitat specificities. The number of birds observed increased linearly for eight species in softwood/farmland and six species in eucalypt forest, and decreased for five and four species, respectively, over the 12 years. The most significant trends were for the Crested Pigeon (increase) and Willie Wagtail (decrease) in softwood/farmland, while Peaceful Dove and Rufous Whistler decreased in both habitats. Several species which increased adapt well to partial clearing of woody vegetation and aggressively exclude others, e.g., Noisy Miner, butcherbirds and Pied Currawong. The trends may reflect insidious degradation of habitats. The main value of the survey method was for detecting changes of species that could be used as indicator species ? those that respond most rapidly to habitat change. While the method was efficient, wildlife managers would need to use it regularly to maintain skills, especially because most observations are of bird calls.

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KORNER, PIUS, ROMAN GRAF, and LUKAS JENNI. "Large changes in the avifauna in an extant hotspot of farmland biodiversity in the Alps." Bird Conservation International 28, no. 2 (July 25, 2017): 263–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270916000502.

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SummaryLarge declines of farmland bird species have been observed in the lowlands of Western Europe, whereas important populations of some of these species have survived in parts of Eastern and Southern Europe and in small areas within Western Europe, e.g. in parts of the Alps. However, such extant hotspots of farmland biodiversity are at risk: The economic and technical developments threaten to erode biodiversity in existing hotspots, potentially repeating the collapse previously observed in Western Europe. We here present changes in the abundance of farmland birds in the Engadin in the Swiss Alps. Farmland birds such as WhinchatSaxicola rubetraand SkylarkAlauda arvensiswere still numerous in 1987/1988 when we first censused the area. During our second census period in 2009/2010, we noticed strong declines of such open country species, while several hedge and tree breeders as well as some species preferring warmer climate increased. We observed a good correlation between the change in the vegetation and in the birds. Both these changes were especially pronounced in areas with a recent agricultural improvement project. Thus, we believe that the change in farmland practices, which affected our mountainous study area much later than the lowlands, and possibly climate change, have led to a profound change in the regional avifauna. Using our data as a case study, we argue that similar, and similarly fast, changes may be on-going or imminent in many other areas with extant important populations of farmland species such as Whinchat and Skylark. Thus, our data add to the repeatedly declared urgency to adjust the advancement of agricultural subsidy systems to better accommodate biodiversity considerations, both in depauperated areas as well as in extant hotspots.

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Reif, Jiří, David Storch, Petr Voříšek, Karel Šťastný, and Vladimír Bejček. "Bird-habitat associations predict population trends in central European forest and farmland birds." Biodiversity and Conservation 17, no. 13 (July 11, 2008): 3307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-008-9430-4.

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Dunn, Jenny C., Keith C. Hamer, and Tim G. Benton. "Anthropogenically-Mediated Density Dependence in a Declining Farmland Bird." PLOS ONE 10, no. 10 (October 2, 2015): e0139492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139492.

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HERKERT, JAMES R. "Response of Bird Populations to Farmland Set-Aside Programs." Conservation Biology 23, no. 4 (August 2009): 1036–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01234.x.

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Doxa, Aggeliki, Yves Bas, Maria Luisa Paracchini, Philippe Pointereau, Jean-Michel Terres, and Frédéric Jiguet. "Low-intensity agriculture increases farmland bird abundances in France." Journal of Applied Ecology 47, no. 6 (September 21, 2010): 1348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01869.x.

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Kamp, Johannes, Aline Reinhard, Markus Frenzel, Steffen Kämpfer, Johanna Trappe, and Norbert Hölzel. "Farmland bird responses to land abandonment in Western Siberia." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 268 (December 2018): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.09.009.

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Kajzer-Bonk, Joanna, Piotr Skórka, Maciej Bonk, Magdalena Lenda, Elżbieta Rożej-Pabijan, Marta Wantuch, and Dawid Moroń. "The effect of railways on bird diversity in farmland." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 30 (August 27, 2019): 31086–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06245-0.

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Bas, Yves, Mathilde Renard, and Frédéric Jiguet. "Nesting strategy predicts farmland bird response to agricultural intensity." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 134, no. 3-4 (December 2009): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.06.006.

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HELDBJERG, HENNING, PETER SUNDE, and ANTHONY DAVID FOX. "Continuous population declines for specialist farmland birds 1987-2014 in Denmark indicates no halt in biodiversity loss in agricultural habitats." Bird Conservation International 28, no. 2 (March 6, 2017): 278–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270916000654.

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SummaryThe 2020 EU biodiversity strategy aims to halt the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, but this requires effective monitoring to determine whether these aims are achieved. Common bird monitoring continuously assesses changes in the avian community, providing a powerful tool for monitoring temporal changes in the abundance and distribution of these upper trophic level consumers. Two-thirds of Denmark’s land area is intensively farmed, so agricultural habitats make a major contribution to Danish biodiversity. We looked for changes in abundance amongst farmland birds in Denmark during 1987–2014 to test for reductions in declines and to predict whether the 2020-target can be expected to be achieved. Sixteen specialist farmland species were those showing the most rapid declines amongst 102 common breeding species in Denmark. Of these, those species nesting on the ground showed significant long-term declines, which was not the case for those that nest elsewhere, i.e. in hedgerows, trees and buildings. There was no evidence to suggest that these trends were attributable to widespread declines in long-distance migrant species (as reported elsewhere), which may be affected by conditions at other times in the annual cycle. We therefore conclude that continued declines in specialist farmland breeding bird species are due to contemporary agricultural changes within Denmark and urge habitat- and species-specific analysis to identify the core causes of these changes and halt the declines.

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CARO, JESÚS, MIGUEL DELIBES-MATEOS, ALBA ESTRADA, RUI BORRALHO, LUÍS GORDINHO, LUÍS REINO, PEDRO BEJA, and BEATRIZ ARROYO. "Effects of hunting management on Mediterranean farmland birds." Bird Conservation International 25, no. 2 (October 8, 2014): 166–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270914000197.

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SummaryHunting and its associated management have significant costs and benefits for biodiversity conservation, which makes this socio-economic activity highly controversial at both international and regional levels. We investigated relationships between management for small game species (mainly Red-legged Partridges Alectoris rufa and rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus) and both abundance and richness of farmland and scrubland songbirds, raptors and ground-nesting birds, and on the abundance of three species of conservation concern (Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax, Eurasian Thick-knee Burhinus oedicnemus and Montagu’s Harrier Circus pygargus) in southern Portugal farmland. We compared 12 game estates and 12 matching areas with similar sizes and land uses but no game management. Richness and abundance were estimated from fixed point counts, and were related to game regime (managed or unmanaged), habitat characteristics and census period. Our results showed that game management was associated, albeit weakly, with higher abundance of raptors and ground-nesting birds, but no relationship (either positive or negative) was found for other guilds and species. Habitat was generally the most important factor explaining bird species richness and abundance. Our results suggest possibilities for promoting management systems that could maximize both hunting sustainability and conservation value of managed areas, particularly when management helps to improve or maintain beneficial habitats or practices for farmland birds.

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Hong, Suk-Ju, Yunhyeok Han, Sang-Yeon Kim, Ah-Yeong Lee, and Ghiseok Kim. "Application of Deep-Learning Methods to Bird Detection Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Imagery." Sensors 19, no. 7 (April 6, 2019): 1651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19071651.

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Wild birds are monitored with the important objectives of identifying their habitats and estimating the size of their populations. Especially in the case of migratory bird, they are significantly recorded during specific periods of time to forecast any possible spread of animal disease such as avian influenza. This study led to the construction of deep-learning-based object-detection models with the aid of aerial photographs collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The dataset containing the aerial photographs includes diverse images of birds in various bird habitats and in the vicinity of lakes and on farmland. In addition, aerial images of bird decoys are captured to achieve various bird patterns and more accurate bird information. Bird detection models such as Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN), Region-based Fully Convolutional Network (R-FCN), Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD), Retinanet, and You Only Look Once (YOLO) were created and the performance of all models was estimated by comparing their computing speed and average precision. The test results show Faster R-CNN to be the most accurate and YOLO to be the fastest among the models. The combined results demonstrate that the use of deep-learning-based detection methods in combination with UAV aerial imagery is fairly suitable for bird detection in various environments.

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Sacchi, Roberto, Augusto Gentilli, Edoardo Razzetti, and Francesco Barbieri. "Effects of building features on density and flock distribution of feral pigeons Columba livia var. domestica in an urban environment." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-202.

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We censused feral pigeons (Columba livia) living in Milan, Italy (a 181-km2 area), between July 1999 and February 2000 by means of linear transects to examine population densities in different urban habitats and the relationships between population density and structural features of buildings. The pigeon population of Milan was 103 650 birds, with an average density of 570/km2. Population density increased significantly from farmland (434 birds/km2) to the suburbs (604 birds/km2) and from the suburbs to the centre of the city (2083 birds/km2). There was a positive relationship between both bird number and flock number and the abundance of buildings constructed before 1936. There were no significant associations between either bird number or flock number and the abundance of buildings when we did not consider date of construction. This indicated active selection of old buildings by feral pigeons.

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Durell, Sarah E. A. Le V. dit, and Ralph T. Clarke. "The buffer effect of non-breeding birds and the timing of farmland bird declines." Biological Conservation 120, no. 3 (December 2004): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2004.03.009.

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Chamberlain, D. E., and G. M. Siriwardena. "The effects of agricultural intensification on Skylarks(Alauda arvensis): Evidence from monitoring studies in Great Britain." Environmental Reviews 8, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a00-007.

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Declines in a number of farmland bird species in northern Europe have been linked to agricultural intensification. In this paper, we review the evidence for the effects of agricultural intensification on farmland bird populations using monitoring studies on a single well-studied species, the Eurasian Skylark (Alauda arvensis). Between 1970 and 1998, the Skylark population declined by 44% and this decline was greatest on farmland compared to upland or coastal habitats, yet during that time, reproductive performance per individual nesting attempt improved significantly. Skylarks consistently prefer relatively sparse (spring cereals) or structurally complex (fallow "set-aside"') crops, particularly late in the breeding season when crops that are too tall or dense are abandoned. Outside the breeding season, cereal stubble is the most preferred foraging habitat. Intensification has been characterized by decreases in preferred crops (spring cereals and cereal stubble) and an increase in unfavourable habitats (winter cereals, oilseed rape, and intensively managed or grazed grass). Reduction in the number of breeding attempts due to rapid sward development of winter cereals and the lack of suitable alternative habitats is likely to have been an important factor in the Skylark decline. The decline may also have been driven by decreases in survival outside the breeding season. Management regimes that include spring cereals, cereal stubble, and low-intensity grazing are likely to increase Skylark abundance and will benefit a number of other farmland birds. This review highlights the great value of large-scale monitoring schemes in understanding population declines. However, the factors affecting the post-fledging survival of Skylarks and the effects of crop diversity on Skylark abundance remain to be resolved. Key words: agricultural management, cereals, habitat diversity, intensification, population trend, reproductive performance.

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Nyirenda, Vincent R., Ngawo Namukonde, Matamyo Simwanda, Darius Phiri, Yuji Murayama, Manjula Ranagalage, and Kaula Milimo. "Rodent Assemblages in the Mosaic of Habitat Types in the Zambezian Bioregion." Diversity 12, no. 10 (September 23, 2020): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12100365.

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Rodent assemblages have ecological importance in ecosystem functioning and protected area management. Our study examines the patterns of assemblages of rodents across four habitat types (i.e., Miombo woodland, Acacia woodland, grasslands and farmlands) in the savanna environment. Capture-mark-recapture (CMR) methods were applied for data collection across the Chembe Bird Sanctuary (CBS) landscape. The Non-metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling (NMDS) was used for exploratory data analysis, followed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey–Kramer’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) post-hoc tests. The rodent assemblages in CBS significantly differed between the non-farmlands (i.e., Miombo woodland, Acacia woodland and grasslands) and farmlands. There were: (1) zero rodent diversity in farmlands, dominated completely by a pest species, M. natalensis; and (2) different rodent assemblages in three non-farmland habitat types. We suggest that rodent assemblages should be mediated by conservation planning and multi-stakeholder collaboration beyond the protected area boundaries to contribute to a working CBS landscape positively.

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蒋, 兰兰. "Bird Diversity in Farmland Hilly Areas of Xiangzhou County, Guangxi." International Journal of Ecology 08, no. 04 (2019): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ije.2019.84036.

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Denac, Katarina, and Primož Kmecl. "Land consolidation negatively affects farmland bird diversity and conservation value." Journal for Nature Conservation 59 (February 2021): 125934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125934.

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Wuczyński, Andrzej. "Farmland bird diversity in contrasting agricultural landscapes of southwestern Poland." Landscape and Urban Planning 148 (April 2016): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.11.010.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Farmland bird'

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