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Journal articles on the topic 'Farmland arthropods'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

W. Arnold, G., M. Abensperg-Traun, R. J. Hobbs, D. E. Steven, L. Atkins, J. J. Viveen, and D. M. Gutter. "Recovery of shrubland communities on abandoned farmland in southwestern Australia: soils, plants, birds and arthropods." Pacific Conservation Biology 5, no. 3 (1999): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc990163.

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Passive recovery of land formerly used for agricultural production may be an inexpensive and rapid method of ecosystem recovery, and may provide an alternative method to active revegetation. Passive recovery may also contribute to sustainable agriculture (soil salinity). For undisturbed and disturbed areas of the central wheatbelt of Western Australia, this paper reports the effects of farming history (clearing only, cultivation, duration of farming, and time since farming ceased) on the soil nutrient content, plant floristics (richness and composition) and structure, and the abundance, species richness and species composition of birds and arthropods. Only one site was cultivated for >6 years. We summarize as follows: (1) Previous clearing and cultivation has left no residual effects on the nitrogen or phosphorus content in the sandy soils. (2) There were no significant differences in terms of plant species richness but some differences in cover of woody plants, grass cover and plant species composition for farming history or time since farming ceased. (3) There were no significant differences in bird species richness but differences in species composition for time since farming ceased. (4) Arthropods showed few (and low) significant differences in their abundance, richness or species composition across different farming histories and time periods since farming ceased. Farming of these shrublands has left only minor changes in the composition and structure of the vegetation, and in the abundance, species richness and species composition of the passerine bird and arthropod assemblages. Abandoned parcels of land on the sandy soils which support shrubland may yield useful conservation benefits with relatively little input.

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2

Holland, J. M., J. N. Perry, and L. Winder. "The within-field spatial and temporal distribution of arthropods in winter wheat." Bulletin of Entomological Research 89, no. 6 (December 1999): 499–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485399000656.

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AbstractThe within-field spatial distribution of some common farmland arthropods from the Carabidae, Araneae and Collembola was assessed using two-dimensional grids of pitfall traps distributed across whole winter wheat fields. In the first year, the extent to which arthropod capture was influenced by location within the field and sampling intensity was examined using a nested grid design (1.5 m, 7.5 m and 30 m spacings). In the second year, distributions within two different-sized winter wheat fields were compared. Spatial pattern and association between arthropods and weed cover were analysed using SADIE and trend surfaces were used to visualize distributions. Many of these arthropod groups exhibited aggregated distributions within the fields in clusters larger than 30 m across, demonstrating that the numbers captured will vary depending on the location of sampling within a field. Amara species, Bembidion lampros Herbst, Carabidae and Lycosidae were predominantly found within 60 m of the field edge. Nebria brevicollis Fabricius and Pterostichus madidus Illiger were found within the field in patches of one and two hectares, respectively. Linyphiidae were relatively homogeneously distributed across the fields. There was some evidence of clustering by Collembola. The spermophagous Carabidae and Lycosidae were positively associated with the degree of weed cover. SADIE analytical techniques were useful for identifying the importance and location of patches with greater and less than average numbers, although a minimum of 36 sample points is recommended.

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3

Husna, Shifa Aulia, Mochamad Hadi, and Rully Rahadian. "Struktur Komunitas Mikroartropoda Tanah di Lahan Pertanian Organik dan Anorganik di Desa Batur Kecamatan Getasan Salatiga." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 18, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.18.2.157-166.

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Soil microarthropods is a arthropods that have an important role in decomposing organic materials and soil nutrients. On the farmland there is organic materials content and soil nutrients that abundants enough, because the addition of manure as a source of energy in the ground. The research was conducted in August-October 2015 took place in the field of organic and inorganic farmland in the Batur Village, Getasan Sub-district, Salatiga. This study aimed to examine the soil microarthropods community structure in organic and inorganic farmland as well as the effect of chemical and physical environmental factors to community structure of soil microarthropods. The study was conducted with samples of soil sampling method (PCT) and extracted using Barlese Funnel Extractor. Statistically show that diversity of soil microarthropods between organic and inorganic farmland are not significantly different. There is found 28 taxa of soil microarthropods in organic farmland and 23 taxa in inorganic. The highest total individual density of the taxa are exist in the organic farmland (2260 individual/ m²). The highest abundance of soil microarthropods taxa in inorganic farmland are Carabidae (26,55%) dan Prostigmata (13,27%), while in inorganic farmland are Carabidae (17,24%) dan larva Coleoptera (13,79%). The evenness of soil microarthropods taxa in organic farmland are much low compared with inorganicfarmland, because there is a dominant taxa (Carabidae). There is an influence relation between the chemical and physical environmental factors including water content, porosity, nutrient, and organic materials with community structure of soil microarthropods. Key words:Community structure, Soil microarthropods, Organic and inorganic farmland

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4

Husna, Shifa Aulia, Mochamad Hadi, and Rully Rahadian. "Struktur Komunitas Mikroartropoda Tanah di Lahan Pertanian Organik dan Anorganik di Desa Batur Kecamatan Getasan Salatiga." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 18, no. 2 (February 16, 2017): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.18.2.164-173.

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Soil microarthropods is a arthropods that have an important role in decomposing organic materials and soil nutrients. On the farmland there is organic materials content and soil nutrients that abundants enough, because the addition of manure as a source of energy in the ground. The research was conducted in August-October 2015 took place in the field of organic and inorganic farmland in the Batur Village, Getasan Sub-district, Salatiga. This study aimed to examine the soil microarthropods community structure in organic and inorganic farmland as well as the effect of chemical and physical environmental factors to community structure of soil microarthropods. The study was conducted with samples of soil sampling method (PCT) and extracted using Barlese Funnel Extractor. Statistically show that diversity of soil microarthropods between organic and inorganic farmland are not significantly different. There is found 28 taxa of soil microarthropods in organic farmland and 23 taxa in inorganic. The highest total individual density of the taxa are exist in the organic farmland (2260 individual/ m²). The highest abundance of soil microarthropods taxa in inorganic farmland are Carabidae (26,55%) dan Prostigmata (13,27%), while in inorganic farmland are Carabidae (17,24%) dan larva Coleoptera (13,79%). The evenness of soil microarthropods taxa in organic farmland are much low compared with inorganicfarmland, because there is a dominant taxa (Carabidae). There is an influence relation between the chemical and physical environmental factors including water content, porosity, nutrient, and organic materials with community structure of soil microarthropods. Key words:Community structure, Soil microarthropods, Organic and inorganic farmland

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5

Frampton, Geoff K., Paul J. Van Den Brink, and Philip J. L. Gould. "Effects of spring drought and irrigation on farmland arthropods in southern Britain." Journal of Applied Ecology 37, no. 5 (October 2000): 865–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2000.00541.x.

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6

Thomas, M. B., S. D. Wratten, and N. W. Sotherton. "Creation of 'Island' Habitats in Farmland to Manipulate Populations of Beneficial Arthropods: Predator Densities and Emigration." Journal of Applied Ecology 28, no. 3 (December 1991): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2404216.

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7

Collins, K. L., N. D. Boatman, A. Wilcox, and J. M. Holland. "Effects of different grass treatments used to create overwintering habitat for predatory arthropods on arable farmland." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 96, no. 1-3 (June 2003): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8809(03)00032-x.

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8

Thomas, M. B., S. D. Wratten, and N. W. Sotherton. "Creation of `Island' Habitats in Farmland to Manipulate Populations of Beneficial Arthropods: Predator Densities and Species Composition." Journal of Applied Ecology 29, no. 2 (1992): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2404521.

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9

Marja, Riho, Teja Tscharntke, and Péter Batáry. "Increasing landscape complexity enhances species richness of farmland arthropods, agri-environment schemes also abundance – A meta-analysis." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 326 (March 2022): 107822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2021.107822.

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10

Bowie, MH, J. Klimaszewski, CJ Vink, S. Hodge, and SD Wratten. "Effect of boundary type and season on predatory arthropods associated with field margins on New Zealand farmland." New Zealand Journal of Zoology 41, no. 4 (September 24, 2014): 268–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2014.953552.

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11

MacLeod, A., S. D. Wratten, N. W. Sotherton, and M. B. Thomas. "'Beetle banks' as refuges for beneficial arthropods in farmland: long-term changes in predator communities and habitat." Agricultural and Forest Entomology 6, no. 2 (May 2004): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-9563.2004.00215.x.

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12

Hollander, Franck A., Nicolas Titeux, Thomas Walsdorff, Alice Martinage, and Hans Van Dyck. "Arthropods and novel bird habitats: do clear-cuts in spruce plantations provide similar food resources for insectivorous birds compared with farmland habitats?" Journal of Insect Conservation 19, no. 5 (October 2015): 1011–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10841-015-9817-y.

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13

Ziółkowska, Elżbieta, Aaldrik Tiktak, and Christopher J. Topping. "Is the effectiveness of policy-driven mitigation measures on carabid populations driven by landscape and farmland heterogeneity? Applying a modelling approach in the Dutch agroecosystems." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 27, 2022): e0279639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279639.

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The growing challenges of protecting biodiversity in agro-ecosystems and maintaining high agricultural productivity has become an important issue within the European Union, shaping both European and national agro-policies. The presented study is part of a broader evaluation of the interim targets of the 2013 Dutch policy plan on sustainable use of pesticides, carried out in 2019 by the PBL (Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving) Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of selected mitigation measures suggested in the policy plan on non-target terrestrial arthropods using a common carabid beetle Bembidion lampros as a model species. We combined dynamic landscape models with detailed agent-based population modelling to simulate impacts of reduction of toxicity of insecticides, reduction of spray drift to the off-crop area, and increase in area of field margins on the beetle population dynamics in ten agricultural landscapes representing different farming systems. Our simulations showed that a shift towards low-risk products should be the priority if the goal is to increase beetle range. To promote local beetle abundance this needs be coupled with increasing amount of field margins in a landscape. Overall, the observed treatment and landscape effects were highly context-specific and therefore we suggest that care is used when defining and interpretting metrics based on population effects of policy measures. This caveat notwithstanding, the use of simulation to assess complex interactions between landscape, ecology and behaviour of species, and policy measures can be a powerful tool supporting innovative policy management. This should include the development of landscape-context specific targets and/or mitigation measures.

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14

Mohammad Kanedi, Suratman, Nismah Nukmal, and Siti Ardiyanti. "Impact of 2-years practice of organic coffee farming on soil arthropod diversity." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 10, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.10.1.0144.

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Organic farming has been recommended by many experts in the world because of its positive ecological impacts such as increasing biodiversity. In Indonesia, the practice of organic farming is very widespread, including in smallholder coffee plantations. This study was intended to determine the impact of the organic farming system applied by smallholder coffee farmers for 2 years on soil arthropod diversity. On the two coffee farmlands, the conventional and organics (1 ha each), 10 plots of 5 x 20 meters were set and in each of these plots 5 sampling points were defined for collecting soil arthropods using pit-fall technique. The analysis of arthropod diversity in the two fields was quantified using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index model. The results showed that the two compared coffee farming systems had the same index of diversity (H ') and evenness (E). However, statistical tests using the Hutcheson t-test revealed that the variance in diversity of arthropods in organic coffee farms was significantly higher than in conventional ones (α <0.001). Therefore, it can be concluded that the practice of organic coffee farming, although in a short time, has been able and potent to increase the population and/or diversity of soil animals.

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15

Duan, Meichun, Ruxia Qin, Hongbin Zhang, Baoxiong Chen, Bin Jin, Songbo Zhang, Shaopeng Ren, et al. "Comprehensive comparison of different sampling methods for arthropod diversity in farmland." Biodiversity Science 29, no. 4 (2021): 477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17520/biods.2020034.

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16

de Pedro, Luis, Luis Gabriel Perera-Fernández, Elena López-Gallego, María Pérez-Marcos, and Juan Antonio Sanchez. "The Effect of Cover Crops on the Biodiversity and Abundance of Ground-Dwelling Arthropods in a Mediterranean Pear Orchard." Agronomy 10, no. 4 (April 18, 2020): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040580.

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The intensification of agriculture has led to the reduction of the diversity of arthropods in agroecosystems, including that of ground-dwelling species. The aim of our work was to assess the effect of a sown cover crop on the diversity of ground-dwelling arthropods, including key predators for pest control in pear orchards. The trial was carried out in a pear orchard divided in three blocks; two treatments (cover-cropping and control) were implemented in each block. A seed mixture of 10 plant species was used in the plots with the sown cover. The densities of ground-dwelling arthropods were sampled using pitfall traps. The ground cover had a significant impact on the diversity and abundance of arthropods. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index was significantly higher for the cover than for the control plots. Several families of spiders (Linyphiidae, Lycosidae), beetles (Carabidae, Staphylinidae) and hymenopterans (Scelionidae) were significantly more abundant in the cover-sown plots. Ants and collembola had a significantly higher abundance in the control plots. Some of these groups arthropods (ants and spiders), are represented by species that may commute between ground and pear trees, having an impact on pest control. The use of cover crops is encouraged to enhance biodiversity in farmlands.

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17

Liu, Jinwen, Xiujuan Yan, Xinyuan Song, Jiamei Zhang, Donghui Wu, and Meixiang Gao. "Distribution characteristics of insect diversity in long-term fixed monitoring plots in Northeast China." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): e0250689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250689.

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The spatial patterns of field arthropod communities are an essential part of ecology and can provide fundamental data regarding field ecological processes and reveal the mechanism of ecosystem biodiversity maintenance. This study investigated the spatial distribution pattern of field insect communities to detect the spatial relationships between insect communities in farmland. The study site was located at the Dehui Agro-ecological Experimental Station of Black Soil, Jilin, China. Insect communities and environmental factors were sampled at 121 uniformly distributed points in a 400 × 400 m plot in August, September, and October 2015. The analysis revealed that insect communities from June to October demonstrated significant spatial correlation, and 6085 samples of 47 species and 47 families in 11 orders were collected from the insect community in the farmland. The farmland insect community structure changes and dynamic changes of nutritional function groups occur with time. According to the 400 x 400 m plot, the diversity of farmland insect communities and functional groups is maintained at a relatively high and stable level. In this study, a total of 6085 samples of corn farmland insects were obtained using the fluke method and direct observation method, including 11 orders, 26 families and 47 species, 4 absolute dominant populations, 6 main dominant populations, and 37 other populations. These studies can provide help for pest control in the spring corn area of Northeast China.

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18

Huang, Fangqian, Chao Wang, Mingqing Liu, Qiuhui Chen, Xiao Han, Lei Wang, Yunguan Xi, and Jibing Zhang. "Effects of organic planting on arthropod diversity in farmland: A meta-analysis." Biodiversity Science 30, no. 1 (2022): 21243. http://dx.doi.org/10.17520/biods.2021243.

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19

Bucher, Roman, Herbert Nickel, Stefanie Kaib, Melanie Will, Juan Carchi, Nina Farwig, and Dana G. Schabo. "Birds and plants as indicators of arthropod species richness in temperate farmland." Ecological Indicators 103 (August 2019): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.04.011.

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20

HART, J. D., T. P. MILSOM, G. FISHER, V. WILKINS, S. J. MOREBY, A. W. A. MURRAY, and P. A. ROBERTSON. "The relationship between yellowhammer breeding performance, arthropod abundance and insecticide applications on arable farmland." Journal of Applied Ecology 43, no. 1 (February 9, 2006): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01103.x.

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21

Da Re, Daniele, Eva De Clercq, Enrico Tordoni, Maxime Madder, Raphaël Rousseau, and Sophie Vanwambeke. "Looking for Ticks from Space: Using Remotely Sensed Spectral Diversity to Assess Amblyomma and Hyalomma Tick Abundance." Remote Sensing 11, no. 7 (March 30, 2019): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11070770.

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Landscape heterogeneity, as measured by the spectral diversity of satellite imagery, has the potential to provide information on the resources available within the movement capacity range of arthropod vectors, and to help predict vector abundance. The Spectral Variation Hypothesis states that higher spectral diversity is positively related to a higher number of ecological niches present in the landscape, allowing more species to coexist regardless of the taxonomic group considered. Investigating the landscape heterogeneity as a proxy of the resources available to vectors may be relevant for complex and continuous agro-forest mosaics of small farmlands and degraded forests, where land cover classification is often imprecise. In this study, we hypothesized that larger spectral diversity would be associated with higher tick abundance due to the potentially higher number of hosts in heterogeneous landscapes. Specifically, we tested whether spectral diversity indices could represent heterogeneous landscapes, and if so, whether they explain Amblyomma and Hyalomma tick abundance in Benin and inform on their habitat preferences. Benin is a West-African country characterized by a mosaic landscape of farmland and degraded forests. Our results showed that both NDVI-derived and spectral predictors are highly collinear, with NDVI-derived predictors related to vegetated land cover classes and spectral predictors correlated to mosaic landscapes. Amblyomma abundance was not related to the predictors considered. Hyalomma abundance showed positive relationships to spectral diversity indices and negative relationships to NDVI-derived-ones. Though taxa dependent, our approach showed moderate performance in terms of goodness of fit (ca. 13–20% R2), which is a promising result considering the sampling and scale limitations. Spectral diversity indices coupled with classical SRS vegetation indices could be a complementary approach for providing further ecological aspects in the field of disease biogeography.

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22

Dennis, Peter, and Gary L. A. Fry. "Field margins: can they enhance natural enemy population densities and general arthropod diversity on farmland?" Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 40, no. 1-4 (May 1992): 95–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(92)90086-q.

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23

Hámori, Dániel, Győző Szél, and Dániel Winkler. "Food composition of the Little Owl (Athene noctua) in a farmland area of Central Hungary, with particular attention to arthropod diversity." Ornis Hungarica 25, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/orhu-2017-0014.

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Abstract The feeding of Little Owl (Athene noctua) was studied in a farmland area of Kiskunság, Central Hungary. For the analyses, a total of 661 Little Owl pellets were collected between February and September 2005 from three locations, corresponding known Little Owl territories situated nearby the settlements Apaj, Kunpeszér and Ladánybene. The aim of the present study was to explore the diet composition of Little Owl and to give a detailed evaluation of the arthropod diversity based on the pellet analysis. The identified prey items represented 15 vertebrate and 39 invertebrate species/taxa. In terms of prey number, dominance of small mammals was observed in two sites (Apaj – 55%, Kunpeszér – 68%), while birds and mammals shared almost equal dominance (~25%) in Ladánybene. The most numerous mammal species was the Common Vole (Microtus arvalis), while the Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) played key role among the birds. Contribution of amphibian Common Spadefoot (Pelobates fuscus) was considerable, while share of reptiles was marginal. Vertebrates also played a predominant role by contributing over 99% of the overall prey biomass in all study sites. Invertebrate prey dominance ranged from 24.8–30.0% while their contribution to the overall biomass was very low (0.14–0.34%). Large sized beetles (Pentodon idiota, Melolontha hippocastani) and orthopterans (Tettigonia viridissima, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa) were preferred. Arthropod species richness and diversity were the highest in Kunpeszér, supposedly owing to the rich mosaic habitat structure.

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24

González del Portillo, David, Beatriz Arroyo, Guillermo García Simón, and Manuel B. Morales. "Can current farmland landscapes feed declining steppe birds? Evaluating arthropod abundance for the endangered little bustard ( Tetrax tetrax ) in cereal farmland during the chick‐rearing period: Variations between habitats and localities." Ecology and Evolution 11, no. 7 (March 2, 2021): 3219–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7271.

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25

Zając, Zbigniew, Joanna Kulisz, and Aneta Woźniak. "The striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) as a host of fleas (Siphonaptera) and tapeworms (Cestoda) in suburban environment of Lublin (eastern Poland)." Folia Biologica et Oecologica 15 (December 30, 2019): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1730-2366.15.02.

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The striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius, is one of the most abundant species among small rodents in Poland. It occurs commonly across the whole country inhabiting diverse ecological niches as meadows, farmlands, enclaves of natural habitats in cities. Wide range of ecological tolerance of this species makes it often the host, reservoir and vector of many pathogens: viruses, bacteria, protozoa, helminths and arthropods. The aim of the present study was to carry out a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the fleas community and intestinal tapeworms of A. agrarius in suburban environment of Lublin (eastern Poland). In studied population three species of Siphonaptera class i.e. Ctenophthalmus agyrtes, Nosopsyllus fasciatus, Hystrichopsylla talpae and one intestine Cestoda species Hymenolepis diminuta were identified. The results of our researches confirmed role of A. agrarius as the reservoir for tapeworms and host for fleas in urban environment. High level of the prevalence of fleas and tapeworms in rodents indicates the significant degree of contamination and can cause an epidemiological threat for human’s health.

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Mkenda, Prisila A., Patrick A. Ndakidemi, Philip C. Stevenson, Sarah E. J. Arnold, Steven R. Belmain, Maneno Chidege, and Geoff M. Gurr. "Field Margin Vegetation in Tropical African Bean Systems Harbours Diverse Natural Enemies for Biological Pest Control in Adjacent Crops." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 14, 2019): 6399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226399.

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Non-crop vegetation around farmland can be valuable habitats for enhancing ecosystem services but little is known of the importance of field margins in supporting natural enemies of insect pests in tropical agriculture. This study was conducted in smallholder bean fields in three elevation zones to assess the importance of field margin vegetation to natural enemy populations and movement to the bean crop for biological pest control. The pests and natural enemies were assessed using different coloured water pan traps (to ensure the capture of insects with different colour preferences) and the interactions of the two arthropod groups with the margin vegetation and their movement to the bean crop were monitored using fluorescent dye. Sentinel plants were used to assess predation and parasitism levels. A total of 5003 natural enemies were captured, more in the field margin than within the bean field for low and mid elevation zones, while in the high elevation zone, they were more abundant within the bean field. Pests were more abundant in the crop than margins for all the elevation zones. The use of a dye applied to margin vegetation demonstrated that common natural enemy taxa moved to the crop during the days after dye application. The proportion of dye-marked natural enemies (showing their origin to be margin vegetation) sampled from the crop suggest high levels of spatial flux in the arthropod assemblage. Aphid mortality rates (measured by prey removal and parasitism levels on sentinel plants) did not differ between the field edges and field centre in any of the three elevation zones, suggesting that for this pest taxon, the centre of the fields still receive comparable pest control service as in the field edges. This study found that field margins around smallholder bean fields are useful habitats to large numbers of natural enemy taxa that move to adjacent crops providing biological pest control service.

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Rodríguez-Pastor, Ruth, Raquel Escudero, Xavier Lambin, Mª Dolors Vidal, Horacio Gil, Isabel Jado, Manuela Rodríguez-Vargas, Juan José Luque-Larena, and François Mougeot. "Zoonotic pathogens in fluctuating common vole (Microtus arvalis) populations: occurrence and dynamics." Parasitology 146, no. 3 (September 24, 2018): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182018001543.

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AbstractDiseases and host dynamics are linked, but their associations may vary in strength, be time-lagged, and depend on environmental influences. Where a vector is involved in disease transmission, its dynamics are an additional influence, and we often lack a general understanding on how diseases, hosts and vectors interact. We report on the occurrence of six zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogens (Anaplasma, Bartonella, Borrelia, Coxiella, Francisella and Rickettsia) in common voles (Microtus arvalis) throughout a population fluctuation and how their prevalence varies according to host density, seasonality and vector prevalence. We detected Francisella tularensis and four species of Bartonella, but not Anaplasma, Borrelia, Coxiella or Rickettsia. Bartonella taylorii and B. grahamii prevalence increased and decreased with current host (vole and mice) density, respectively, and increased with flea prevalence. Bartonella doshiae prevalence decreased with mice density. These three Bartonella species were also more prevalent during winter. Bartonella rochalimae prevalence varied with current and previous vole density (delayed-density dependence), but not with season. Coinfection with F. tularensis and Bartonella occurred as expected from the respective prevalence of each disease in voles. Our results highlight that simultaneously considering pathogen, vector and host dynamics provide a better understanding of the epidemiological dynamics of zoonoses in farmland rodents.

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de Paz, Víctor, Estefanía Tobajas, Natalia Rosas-Ramos, José Tormos, Josep Daniel Asís, and Laura Baños-Picón. "Effect of Organic Farming and Agricultural Abandonment on Beneficial Arthropod Communities Associated with Olive Groves in Western Spain: Implications for Bactrocera oleae Management." Insects 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13010048.

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Agricultural abandonment and intensification are among the main land-use changes in Europe. Along with these processes, different proposals have been developed to counteract the negative effects derived from agricultural intensification, including organic management. In this context, we aimed to determine how organic management and farmland abandonment affect Bactrocera oleae and its main groups of natural enemies: hymenopteran parasitoids, spiders, ants, carabids, and staphylinids. Between May and October 2018, four samplings were carried out in nine olive groves (three under organic management, three under traditional management, and three abandoned) in a rural area on the border between Spain and Portugal (Salamanca, Western Spain). Our results suggested differences between the natural enemy community composition of abandoned and organic groves, with slightly higher levels of richness and abundance in abandoned groves. We found no differences between organic and traditional groves. The managed olive groves sustained a different natural enemy community but were similarly rich and diverse compared with the more complex abandoned groves, with the latter not acting as a reservoir of B. oleae in our study area. Both systems may provide complementary habitats; however, further abandonment could cause a reduction in heterogeneity at the landscape scale and, consequently, a biodiversity loss.

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Ndang’ang’a, Paul Kariuki, John B. M. Njoroge, and Juliet Vickery. "Quantifying the contribution of birds to the control of arthropod pests on kale,Brassica oleracea acephala, a key crop in East African highland farmland." International Journal of Pest Management 59, no. 3 (July 2013): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2013.820005.

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Kujawa, Krzysztof, Zdzisław Bernacki, Jolanta Kowalska, Anna Kujawa, Maria Oleszczuk, Paweł Sienkiewicz, and Dariusz Sobczyk. "Annual Wildflower Strips as a Tool for Enhancing Functional Biodiversity in Rye Fields in an Organic Cultivation System." Agronomy 10, no. 11 (November 2, 2020): 1696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111696.

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Ecological intensification of agriculture (e.g., with the use of wildflower strips) is being currently discussed as a mean for gaining high yields, preserving high biodiversity of farmland. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of annual wildflower strips (WFSs) established in rye field (RF) in (1) increasing species richness and abundance in terms of beneficial arthropod groups (carabids, ground spiders, plant spiders, butterflies, insect pollinators and plant-dwelling insect predators), (2) decreasing the abundance of insect pests, (3) decreasing damages of the crop, and (4) increasing the yield. The field survey was carried out in 2019, in two WFSs and in the adjacent crop field at the distances of 3, 9, 21 and 45 m. The study was not skewed by pesticide use as it was carried out on an organic farm. Mean “site” species numbers (α-diversity) and the abundance of most groups were found to be significantly higher in WFSs than in RF. A negative relationship was found in most groups between distance from WFSs and species numbers and abundance. The mean total abundance of all observed pest insects was positively related to distance from WFSs and increased by 83% at distances between 3 and 45 m from WFSs. There was a negative exponential relationship between aphid abundance and total predator abundance, which suggests a mechanism reducing aphid abundance resulting from high levels of predator abundance in the nearby WFSs. The study shows that annual WFSs can be an efficient measure for enhancing cropland biodiversity and should be taken into account in agri-environmental schemes in the Common Agricultural Policy after 2020.

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Cabodevilla, Xabier, François Mougeot, Gerard Bota, Santi Mañosa, Francesc Cuscó, Julen Martínez-García, Beatriz Arroyo, and María J. Madeira. "Metabarcoding insights into the diet and trophic diversity of six declining farmland birds." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (October 26, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00519-9.

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AbstractKnowledge of feeding ecology of declining species, such as farmland birds, is essential to address their conservation requirements, especially when their habitats are suffering important reductions of trophic resources. In this study, we apply a metabarcoding approach to describe the diet composition of six of the most significant farmland birds inhabiting European cereal pseudo-steppes: little bustard, great bustard, pin-tailed sandgrouse, black-bellied sandgrouse, red-legged partridge, and common quail. We further studied seasonal diet variations (autumn to spring) in all species but the common quail, whose diet was studied during spring and summer. We show that study species´ diets mostly consisted of plants, although in the case of little bustard and great bustard arthropods are also highly relevant. Among arthropods, we found high proportions of thrips, arachnids, and springtails, which were previously unreported in their diet, and some taxa that could be used as antiparasitic food. Moreover, we report that little bustard’s diet is the least rich of that of all studied species, and that diet of all these species is less diverse in winter than in autumn and spring. Diet composition of these declining species supports the importance of natural and semi-natural vegetation and landscape mosaics that can provide a wide variety of arthropods, plants, and seeds all year-round.

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"Creation of ‘island’ habitats in farmland to manipulate populations of beneficial arthropods: predator densities and species composition." Biological Conservation 64, no. 1 (1993): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(93)90399-l.

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Štrobl, Martin, Pavel Saska, Miroslav Seidl, Milan Řezáč, Michal Knapp, and Tomáš Kadlec. "Response of carabid and arachnid assemblages on plant invasion in woodlots within an agricultural landscape." ARPHA Conference Abstracts 2 (August 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/aca.2.e38738.

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Landscape simplification and the spread of invasive species are considered the main threats to global biodiversity. It is well recognized that non-crop habitats bring complexity to farmland and provide refuge for arthropods. However, knowledge about the effects of invasive trees on arthropods in non-crop habitats in intensive agricultural landscapes is still weak. Therefore, we examined differences in the carabid and arachnid assemblages between woodlots formed by the invasive black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and by native deciduous tree species in the intensive agricultural landscape in the Czech Republic, Central Europe. We sampled carabids, harvestmen and spiders by using pitfall traps, sweeping the vegetation and light trapping. Effects of woodlot’s habitat structure, land cover composition in the surroundings and the area of woodlots were included to the analyses. The abundance of carabids was lower in R. pseudoacacia woodlots. Carabid individuals could benefit from the more favourable microclimate in the native woodlots, in which relatively greater humidity may support more ample food resources. On the contrary, species richness of carabids did not differ between the woodlot types. The abundance and species richness of arachnids did not differ between the woodlot types. Number of individuals increased with increasing woodlot’s area and the species richness increased with the more open woodlot’s habitat structure. The forest specialists of both groups were associated with the native woodlots with more developed canopy and shrub layers. The diversity losses of the arachnid forest specialists in the R. pseudoacacia woodlots were replaced by the species exploiting well-developed herb layer, and open-habitat specialists, including threatened species. Conversely, carabids of open habitats had no affinity to woodlot types. Native woodlots and those formed by R. pseudoacacia differed in vegetation structure and hosted different arachnid and carabid assemblages. Therefore, parallel presence of both types of woodlots supports arthropod diversity in otherwise simplified agricultural landscapes through creating more complex mosaic of habitats.

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Krawczyk, Agata J., Gabriela Augustiničová, Dariusz J. Gwiazdowicz, Szymon Konwerski, Halina Kucharczyk, Izabella Olejniczak, Tomasz Rutkowski, et al. "Nests of the harvest mouse (Micromys minutus) as habitat for invertebrates." Biologia 70, no. 12 (January 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biolog-2015-0186.

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AbstractThe nests of the harvest mouse (Micromys minutus) from an extensively used farmland in Western Poland were recognized as a place of occurrence of a large group of invertebrates. In total, from 42 nests 6,544 individuals of invertebrates were extracted. The number of invertebrates was positively correlated with mass of mouse nests. There were found arthropods belonging to the following groups: Arachnida: spiders, mites and pseudoscorpions; Entognatha: springtails; Insecta: Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Psocoptera, Siphonaptera and Thysanoptera. The most numerous groups were mites (Acari, 5,800 individuals) and fleas (Siphonaptera, 415 individuals). Among mites Astigmatida, Mesostigmata and Oribatida were identified. One species, Tyrophagus curvipenis (Acari: Astigmatina), was found in Poland for the first time. The study clearly showed that nests of the harvest mouse are often inhabited by invertebrates, and looks like some of them are characteristic to this particular kind of habitat.

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Rischen, Tamara, Katharina Geisbüsch, Daniel Ruppert, and Klaus Fischer. "Farmland biodiversity: wildflower-sown islands within arable fields and grassy field margins both promote spider diversity." Journal of Insect Conservation, December 3, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10841-021-00363-2.

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Abstract Agricultural intensification and the concomitant landscape homogenization is leading to a worldwide decline in farmland biodiversity. Non-crop habitats in agroecosystems may counteract the loss of arthropods such as spiders and thus contribute to sustainable agriculture. However, the effectiveness of field margins and set-aside wildflower-sown patches in maintaining spider diversity is not well understood. Here, we investigated the effects of three different non-crop habitats, namely field margins, set-aside wildflower-sown patches under power poles (‘power pole islands’), and grassland fallows on spider diversity as compared to wheat fields in an agricultural landscape in western Germany. Using pitfall trapping and suction sampling, we show that species richness and overall conservation value were higher in non-crop habitats than in wheat fields. Interestingly, field margins and power pole islands differed from long-term grassland fallows only in conservation value, which was significantly higher in grassland fallows. Species assemblages differed considerably between grassland fallows, field margins and power pole islands, and wheat fields, documenting the added value of using different conservation strategies. Implications for insect conservation Small-scale non-crop habitats adjacent to wheat fields were surprisingly effective in promoting spider diversity in an agricultural landscape, with field margins and power pole islands being equally effective. To maximize overall diversity in agricultural landscapes, we propose a combination of larger long-term fallows and smaller non-crop habitats such as field margins or set-aside wildflower-sown patches.

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Marja, Riho, Teja Tscharntke, and Péter Batáry. "Corrigendum to “Increasing landscape complexity enhances species richness of farmland arthropods, agri-environment schemes also abundance – A meta-analysis” [Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 326 (2022) 107822]." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, June 2022, 108069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2022.108069.

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Dolezal, Aleksandra J., Ellen H. Esch, and Andrew S. MacDougall. "Restored marginal farmland benefits arthropod diversity at multiple scales." Restoration Ecology, June 19, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rec.13485.

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XIE Bingyi, 谢冰一，程新如，吕乐，张宏斌，陈宝雄. "Substitution effect of different classification levels and individual numbers of arthropod taxa in farmland." Acta Ecologica Sinica 42, no. 13 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.5846/stxb202104050871.

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"Field margins: Can they enhance natural enemy population densities and general arthropod diversity on farmland?" Biological Conservation 65, no. 2 (1993): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(93)90458-d.

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Bakker, Frank M., Saskia A. Aldershof, and Petr Šmilauer. "Not All Insects Decline: 30-Years of Comprehensive Sampling Show Increasing and Decreasing Arthropod Population Trends in Eu-Farmland." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4011758.

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Ramesh, Neha, and Sadaf Khan. "Can CRISPR help control locust populations to reduce the impact of plague outbreaks?" Journal of Student Research 10, no. 4 (November 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v10i4.1910.

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Desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria) have been threatening food security since time immemorial and affecting human lives by destroying agriculture. Ravaging plague outbreaks are a reality and cause massive devastation across farmlands and pastures to this present day. Locust attacks and outbreaks globally affect vast areas and millions of people resulting in billions of dollars of economic loss. Although controlling the locust population through chemical pesticides is the primary method currently used, it unfortunately has not been highly effective in managing these outbreaks. Advancements in genetic engineering using CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) and its successful experiments on arthropods provide a huge opportunity that can be extended to design similar genetic behavioral changes in locusts. CRISPR has become one of the most accurate, quick, and cost-effective techniques that could potentially be very effective in managing locust populations by editing specific genes, particularly those responsible for uncontrolled reproduction during their gregarious phase. Experiments conducted on Mosquitos (Aedes aegypti) to silence microRNA-309 (miR-309), permitting stage-specific degradation of its ability to reproduce in their blood-feeding triggered phase indicates that these interventions could also be performed successfully on desert locusts. It should be possible to achieve similar results in female locusts by targeting the miR-309~6 gene cluster, impairing their ovarian development and potentially controlling locust populations.

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