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Journal articles on the topic 'Farming transition'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 21 February 2023

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1

Foran, B., and B. Allan. "Assessing Options for Farming Systems Transitions in New Zealand's Mountainlands." Rangeland Journal 17, no. 2 (1995): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9950166.

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The transition of an agricultural ecosystem from a less to a more sustainable or desirable state is dependent as much on the routes and tactics used to effect the transition, as it is on the management ideas and the biological components used. Against the background of the failure of farmers to take up an integrated "all grass wintering system" in the mountain lands of the South Island of New Zealand, we compared a wide range of transitional opportunities and evaluated them in economic terms over a 20 year period. Farm structure at the start of the transition was a rather obvious but key criterion for success of the transition. Transition from a farm structure where supplementary feeding cost NZ$90,000 per year into the new system, allowed a position better than the "do nothing" option to be achieved in as little as 8 to 9 years. Transitions from smaller farm structures of $60,000 and $30,000 took from 12 to more than 20 years to achieve a cash position better than the "do nothing" option. Herein lies the quandary for all farming systems which might aim to make transitions and to "do it better". We explore the sensitivity of these general results to the effects of product price and interest rates, wool growth and lambing rates, whether transition should be gradual or fast, and the incumbent debt levels that can be serviced in addition to the new development. In conclusion we note some essential components of any study of transition of pastoral systems. It is important that dynamic tools are used in any transition study since the route taken in the transition can be more important than the end point. The economic advantage offered by new pastoral technology is important, particularly the time it takes to become fully implemented. Sensitivity analyses should be undertaken for key production and price assumptions. It is helpful to present these analyses as three-dimensional diagrams to allow biological and economic risk to be assessed against each other. While increased animal numbers bring better economic returns, both industry attitudes and the management of ecological risk may require the maintenance of present animal numbers. Increased profitability will then rely on individual animal performance, and higher quality livestock products.

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Katsvairo, Tawainga W., David L. Wright, James J. Marois, and Jimmy R. Rich. "Transition from conventional farming to organic farming using bahiagrass." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 87, no. 15 (2007): 2751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3002.

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Heryadi, D. Yadi, Betty Rofatin, and Zulfikar Noormansyah. "Semi-organic Rice Farming as a Transition Period to Organic Rice Farming." Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v9i1.277.

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Organic rice farming aims to achieve sustainable agriculture. It considers social, economic and environmental aspects. However, in practice, farmers experience various technical and economic constraints upon converting non-organic agriculture practice to organic rice farming. The alternative method is to implement semi-organic farming as a transitional period. The purpose of this study is to review technical / production and economic aspects of non-organic, semi-organic, and organic farming. It is conducted to determine whether semi-organic farming could be utilized as a transition period to organic rice farming. The study used a survey method on 75 farmers working in non-organic, semi organic, and organic farm in Priangan Timur, West Java Province, Indonesia. Article’s result exhibited that, in terms of technical cultivation / production, the majority of semi-organic farmers had carried out the stages of organic cultivation. It generated higher productivity compared to non-organic farming. However, productivity remained below organic farming. In terms of economical aspect, income per hectare and R / C value are higher than non-organic farming. However, it is below organic farming. Semi-organic farming could be used as a transition to organic farming.

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Aarset, Bernt. "Norwegian salmon-farming industry in transition." Ocean & Coastal Management 38, no. 3 (March 1998): 187–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0964-5691(97)00037-9.

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5

Kuchimanchi, Bhavana Rao, Imke J. M. De Boer, Raimon Ripoll-Bosch, and Simon J. Oosting. "Understanding transitions in farming systems and their effects on livestock rearing and smallholder livelihoods in Telangana, India." Ambio 50, no. 10 (March 8, 2021): 1809–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01523-z.

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AbstractIncreasing food demands are causing rapid transitions in farming systems, often involving intensified land and resource use. While transitioning has benefits regarding poverty alleviation and food outputs, it also causes environmental and social issues over time. This study aims to understand the transitions in farming systems in a region in Telangana, from 1997 to 2015, and their effect on livestock rearing and smallholder livelihoods. We also examine the impact of the transitions on lower caste groups and women in particular. We collected data using a combination of methods, i.e., a household survey, focus group discussions, and secondary data sources, to build a comprehensive picture of the transitions in the region. We found that subsistence mixed farming systems transitioned to market-orientated specialized systems over a short time span. As the transition process gained momentum, households either intensified their production or got marginalized. Technological interventions, development programs with integrated approaches, and market demand for certain agricultural produce triggered increased regional production but also led to the scarcity of water, land, and labor. The transitions marginalized some of the households, changed the role of livestock in farming, and have been inclusive of both lower caste groups and women in terms of increased ownership of large ruminants and access to technologies. However, for women specifically, further increase in workload in the context of farming is also found.

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Hoes, Anne-Charlotte, and Lusine Aramyan. "Blind Spot for Pioneering Farmers? Reflections on Dutch Dairy Sustainability Transition." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (September 2, 2022): 10959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710959.

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This study explores the questions of how to govern the transition towards sustainable farming in a responsible and inclusive manner by exploring the Dutch dairy case. Sustainability transition is about fundamental social–technical changes to address the grand challenges that society faces today. It includes breaking down and phasing out unsustainable practice as well as scaling up sustainable alternatives. Transition literature argues that governments should implement a mix of transition tasks to give direction, support the new and destabilase the unsustainable. In addition, market-based instruments (MBIs) and policy interventions rewarding sustainable farming stimulate transition. This study illustrates that strong and prolonged pressure of not meeting international environmental agreements triggered the implementation of stronger policy interventions that destabilize the unsustainable. However, less policy attention seems to be given to supporting the “new”, such as pioneering alternative farmers who develop sustainable alternatives to mainstream farming. To achieve more responsible and inclusive sustainability transitions, it is important to implement tailor-made policies that support pioneering alternative farmers who are already taking steps in developing sustainable farms which, in addition to food, provide ecological and other benefits to community.

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Jia, Peter. "The transition to farming in northeast China." Before Farming 2008, no. 4 (January 2008): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bfarm.2008.4.2.

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Coquil, Xavier, Pascal Béguin, and Benoît Dedieu. "Transition to self-sufficient mixed crop–dairy farming systems." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 29, no. 3 (December 16, 2013): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170513000458.

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AbstractWhile plains favorable to agriculture are still dominated by specialized and intensive agriculture, self-sufficient mixed crop-dairy farming systems increasingly attract policy makers' and scientists' attention. Owing to their limited use of purchased inputs, they can contribute to reducing the environmental impact of agriculture. Furthermore, self-sufficient farming tends to be linked with a search for autonomy in decision-making, i.e., farmers developing their own technical reference framework. Such farming systems can thus also contribute to alternative development pathways of rural territories. In this paper, we analyze how ten intensive mixed crop–dairy farms have progressively evolved toward more self-sufficient and autonomous systems. Through formalizing farmers' transitionin action, we identified 34 tools that the farmers implemented making them reflect on their farming system, shift socio-professional networks, reorganize work routines, and steer the evolution of their production practices. For example, they created temporary pastures in crop rotation, introduced rotational pastures, observed their herds to adjust their feed and keep the animals in good health, and they limited expenditures to manage their cash flow. Which tools were used and when they were used depends on what is meaningful to them at various stages of the transition. Our analysis of transitionsin actionhas three original features: it is centered on the transition as perceived by the actors who experience and manage it; it proposes a long-term conceptualization of the dynamics of farming systems, based on the farmer's initiative and creativity; and it highlights tools implemented by farmers during the transition to self-sufficiency and autonomy.

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Skrzypczyński, Robert, Sylwia Dołzbłasz, Krzysztof Janc, and Andrzej Raczyk. "Beyond Supporting Access to Land in Socio-Technical Transitions. How Polish Grassroots Initiatives Help Farmers and New Entrants in Transitioning to Sustainable Models of Agriculture." Land 10, no. 2 (February 21, 2021): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020214.

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The importance of agri-food systems for global sustainability calls for researching and advancing socio-technical transitions towards environmentally friendly models of farming. These transitions hinge on many prerequisites, one of which is providing access to land for farmers and new entrants who experiment with sustainable farming models. However, for socio-technical transitions in farming to be viable, access to land should be complemented with securing access to “intangible” resources such as skills, knowledge or networks. It seems that increasingly often these resources are being provided by various grassroots initiatives. The goal of this paper is to identify how the strategies employed by grassroots initiatives support farmers and new entrants in transitioning to sustainable farming models. In order to answer that question, we perform case studies of three Polish initiatives—Agro-Perma-Lab, PermaKultura.Edu.PL and the Ecological Folk High School in Grzybów—active in promoting agroecology, permaculture and organic farming. The results show a diversity of strategies employed by these initiatives that reflect the frameworks in which they operate. Considering these strategies from the perspective of transition studies suggests that they can be replicated in other contexts and potentially contribute to advancing socio-technical transitions of agri-food systems.

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Lévy, Jean-Claude Serge. "The Driving Forces of Human Society Main Transitions." EPJ Web of Conferences 244 (2020): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024401006.

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The four main steps of human evolution: hunting-gathering, farming-livestock herding, industrial era and conception era are considered here as distinct phases parted by dynamic phase transitions. Comparing these social phases enables us to deduce the driving forces occurring during these transitions. At each transition the laymen lost some previous advantages, these losses had to be balanced by some counterweights, the transition driving forces. For instance, the first transition is shown to result from an equilibrium between efficiency and power, social partition and religion. Other transitions are similarly analysed with evidence for driving forces leading to deep social reconstructions.

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Riches, Charlie. "Back to the Future: Farming Systems in Transition." Outlooks on Pest Management 33, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v33_apr_01.

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National policy levers play a central role in shaping agricultural systems. In his timely book Land Renewed: reworking the Countryside Peter Hetherington (2021) challenges British policy makers to form a far more coherent approach for land use supporting the transition towards improved national food security, seen through a lens of climate change and biodiversity loss. In the UK there are currently three separate government departments responsible for land, the environment, farming and climate change complicating policy alignment. He points out that without subsidies, in the form of area payments, over 60% of all British farms would be running at a loss. The challenge is to improve domestic crop production which currently provides just 60% of the nation's food (Lang, 2020) and hence make the food system more resilient to shocks in international food supply chains while addressing the climate emergency. Hetherington documents a number of cases where farmers, collaborating in organisations such as the Nature Friendly Farming Network, are successfully encouraging a resurgence of bird-life through reduced tillage, renewing and planting hedgerows and using lower doses of fertilisers, including on larger holdings with over 500 ha. This is perhaps the other side of the coin of the bleak future for biodiversity associated with major broad-acre crops outlined by Dewar (2021) in these pages. However, Hetherington (2021) points out that just under half of England's farms produce 2% of total agricultural output, while 8% of them account for over half of it. This implies room for landscape scale nature-friendly farming and even re-wilding, particularly in the uplands, with the caveat that local communities play a central role in plans and implementation. With heightened public interest in the climate emergency and biodiversity loss there is increasing desire for food which is local and particularly in food traceability. This is leading to increasingly sophisticated methods to track and publish farming and animal welfare standards with supermarket chains requiring producers to adhere to these (e.g., Waitrose and Partners, 2022 one of many examples). Underpinning such standards, methods of carbon accounting which may be applied to soil, whole farms or individual enterprises within the farm have been a focus of research for some time (e.g. Goglio et. al. 2015; Abram, 2020). At the most basic level regular soil organic matter tests and a soil management plan will allow British farmers signed up to the entry level of the recently announced Sustainable Farming Incentive (DEFRA, 2022) to be "paid with public funds for providing public goods". To receive payment, they will also be required to ensure 70% of the farm has a green cover through the winter from December to February and add organic matter, which can be via a green cover crop, on one third of the land each year. Currently there is no requirement to demonstrate that soil organic matter is increasing over time – this is assumed. As time goes on however it is possible to envisage more nuanced payments for increasing stored soil carbon, and even a "market" developing as is the case with woodland creation (Forestry Commission, 2022) as producers become the "carbon farmers" of tomorrow as suggested by Korres & Dayan (2020). External inputs including crop protection products will all be included in farm or enterprise carbon budgets. Policy levers are also a focus to regulate the quantity of agrochemicals used for crop protection. The European Union's "Farm to Fork" and Biodiversity strategies, aim reduce by 50% the use and potential risk of chemical pesticides by 2030 and reduce by 50% the use of the more hazardous pesticides also by 2030, although a recent assessment indicates slow and uneven progress towards targets and adoption of IPM measures (European Commission, 2020). Individual countries also take unilateral measures as seen with restrictions on use and in some cases phasing out of the use of glyphosate e.g. by 2024 in Germany (Sustainable Pulse, 2022). Glyphosate is a widely used tool for the destruction of green cover crops (e.g. Fogliato, 2020) so alternative approaches will be needed where these are used at scale as part of interventions to build soil health and store carbon.

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Király, Gábor, Rizzo Giuseppina, and József Tóth. "Transition to Organic Farming: A Case from Hungary." Agronomy 12, no. 10 (October 8, 2022): 2435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102435.

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Sustainable agricultural solutions have emerged as feasible options for mitigating the negative environmental impacts created by agricultural production or adapting to inevitable climate change. Organic food production has become one of the most popular sustainable solutions among these. There is also a clear scientific consensus that transformative changes in agricultural systems and practice are needed as a response to the effects of climate change. A great variety of factors that influence the transition to organic farming have been found and identified over time. To understand the dynamics that lead farmers to move to organic farming, it is necessary to examine the relationship between these factors. In this study, we investigated the impacts of certain factors on the possibility of Hungarian farmers’ conversion to organic production in the context of climate change adaptation. This dynamic was studied using descriptive and exploratory techniques on a cross-sectional sample. While the study supported certain well-established facts, it also yielded some surprising findings. One of our findings is that the transition to organic farming does not seem to be motivated by the perception of bad weather events, which is somewhat surprising. This outcome contradicts the frequently claimed idea that organic farming may be a successful adaptation strategy.

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Nandris, John, and M. Zvelebil. "Hunters in Transition: Mesolithic Societies of Eurasia and Their Transition to Farming." Man 22, no. 3 (September 1987): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2802509.

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Budja, Mihael. "The transition to farming in Southeast Europe: perspectives from pottery." Documenta Praehistorica 28 (December 22, 2001): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.28.2.

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The transition to farming in the Balkans, Ionia and the Adriatic is discussed as the palimpsest relates to artefact assemblages, subsistence and archaeogenetic data. It is argued that it marks a dispersed and selective route towards farming adaptation in the regions. The incoming neareastern lineages and the difference in values for the Balkans (~20%) and Mediterranean coastal ( ~10%) area are linked to a network of the circulation of goods and people over long distances which was established after the incipient adoption of farming.

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Sogue, Babou, and Handan Akçaöz. "Challenges for a Transition from Peasant Agriculture to a Business Agriculture in Burkina Faso." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 7 (July 16, 2018): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i7.812-819.1554.

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Since the national farmers' day on May 12, 2017 in Kaya, Burkina Faso, the debate on agriculture has been to establish the agricultural entrepreneurship through the concept of agriculture as a family business (ACEF). And it is from this perspective that this study was conducted to analyse the financing possibilities open to family farming and to deduce the constraints of the transition from family farming to enterprise farming. To do this, we used the exegetical method to characterize the existing agricultural formations, to identify the means of financing and the constraints of the agricultural transition. The agricultural sector is strongly dominated by family farming with low physical and financial capital. The means of financing are self-financing and external financing. However, the transition will not be without problems because there are technical and political constraints to overcome.

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Zinati, Gladis M. "Transition from Conventional to Organic Farming Systems: I. Challenges, Recommendations, and Guidelines for Pest Management." HortTechnology 12, no. 4 (January 2002): 606–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.12.4.606.

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Conventional agricultural systems increase per-area food production, but deplete natural resources and degrade both crop and environmental quality. Many of these concerns are addressed by sustainable agricultural systems, integrated pest management, biocontrol, and other alternative systems. Environmental and social concerns have escalated the need for alternative agricultural systems in the last decade. One alternative, the organic farming system, substitutes cultural and biological inputs for synthetically made fertilizers and chemicals for crop nutrition and pest management. Practices used for crop and pest management are similar during transition from conventional to organic farming systems, but produce is not certified to be organic during the transition period. During the transition from conventional to organic farming, growers may face pest control difficulties and lower yields when conventional practices are abandoned. The objectives of this paper are to 1) give an overview of the reasons for converting to organic farming and the challenges that growers face during the transition period, 2) outline some potential strategies for crop, soil, and pest management, and 3) list guidelines and recommendations for pest management during the transition to organic farming. Implementation of crop and pest management practices depends on geographical location, climate, available onsite resources, and history of the land. During transition, growers rely on cultural mechanisms and on organic and mineral sources to improve soil fertility, to build a population of natural enemies to suppress pest populations. Pest management practices during the transition period that reduce pest populations to economically manageable levels include crop rotation, cultivation, cover crops, mulches, crop diversification, resistant varieties, and insect traps. These practices also enrich the soil biota and increase crop yields before produce is certified organically grown.

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Coldwell, Ian. "New farming masculinities." Journal of Sociology 43, no. 1 (March 2007): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783307073936.

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Studies have suggested that traditional gender identity constructions of farmers tend to accompany conventional methods of farming and so are implicated in stalling the transition to sustainable agriculture. This article attempts to build on this work by exploring how young male farmers construct their masculine identities and how those identity constructions shape and are shaped by their farming practices and the social conditions in which those farming practices are carried out. Reflexivity is a significant part of this process. This exploratory study is based on focus group discussions conducted in one locality in Northern Victoria, among young male dairy farmers. Analysis of the findings supports the existence of a traditional-modern dualism in rural masculine identities. What is also evident is that more open and flexible masculine identities are emerging among young farmers, suggesting that existing tensions in agriculture situated at the nexus of alternative farming practices and traditional agrarian ideology might be a catalyst for change toward more equitable gender relations and sustainable ways of farming.

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Ahmad, Muhammad Irshad, Les Oxley, and Hengyun Ma. "What Makes Farmers Exit Farming: A Case Study of Sindh Province, Pakistan." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 14, 2020): 3160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083160.

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In agriculture based economies like Pakistan, farmers often shift from farming to off-farm activities as part of an apparent livelihood transition strategy, despite the fact that most of the workforce depends upon farming. In this paper, we try to uncover insights into how livelihood assets, such as human capital, natural capital, economic capital, and locational characteristics, affect a household’s exit decision from on-farm to off-farm activities as a livelihood transition strategy in rural Pakistan. We analyzed data from 335 farming households from the second largest agricultural producing province in the country, Sindh. Our findings show that more than 19% of households have completely shifted from farming to off-farm activities. Furthermore, we identified that the ‘crop input credit’ is one of the major constraints to farmers converting their previous input-driven small loans into larger loans, where large markups may be imposed if they fail to pay when the harvest is made. The empirical findings from Binary Logistic Regression provide strong evidence for family labor characteristics, particularly for working-age males, working-age females, and working-age children. Surprisingly, the cultivated land size significantly and positively influences farm exit rather than a continuation of farming. Off-farm employment, exogenous shocks, and urbanization also significantly and positively influenced the decision to transition into off-farm work. In contrast, the age of the household head, livestock ownership, and distance to a commercial zone significantly inhibited the decision to exit farming. However, government assistance, including subsidies, strongly encouraged farmers to continue farming. These findings provide new insights into the factors affecting the drivers of both exit and continuation in the farming sector as part of a long-term livelihood transition strategy.

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Majumdar, Koustab. "Rural Transformation in India: Deagrarianization and the Transition from a Farming to Non-farming Economy." Journal of Developing Societies 36, no. 2 (April 9, 2020): 182–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x20912631.

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Rural transformation in general has been conceptualized as modernization, rural development, changes in economic structure, and the migration of the population from the farming sector to the non-farming sectors of the economy. Different theoretical approaches (unidimensional and multidimensional) have been applied to the study of rural transformation, and these approaches have involved different indicators to examine the nature and magnitude of rural change/transformation. The rural development approach to the study of rural transformation has been criticized on the grounds that rural transformation does not always involve development. This article examines the Indian experience and contends that India’s rural transformation has involved migration from the farming sector into the non-farming sectors and the de-agrarianization of the Indian economy.

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Aikens, C. Melvin, and Marek Zvelebil. "Hunters in Transition: Mesolithic Societies of Temperate Eurasia and Their Transition to Farming." Ethnohistory 36, no. 2 (1989): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/482297.

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Fyfe, William S., Othon H. Leonardos, and Suzi H. Theodoro. "Sustainable farming with native rocks: the transition without revolution." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 78, no. 4 (December 2006): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652006000400007.

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The development process which humanity passed through favored a series of conquests, reflected in the better quality of life and longevity, however, it also provoked upsets and severe transformation in the environment and in the human food security. Such process is driving the ecosystems to be homogeneous, and, therefore, the nutrients' supply, via nourishment. To change this panorama, the present work discusses the gains of incorporating the stonemeal technique as a strategic alternative to give back the essential fertile characteristics to the soils. This technology has the function of facilitating the rejuvenation of the soils and increasing the availability of the necessary nutrients to the full development of the plants which is a basic input for the proliferation of life in all its dimensions.

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Vlahos, George, Pavlos Karanikolas, and Alex Koutsouris. "Integrated farming in Greece: a transition-to-sustainability perspective." International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology 13, no. 1 (2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijarge.2017.084033.

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Agarwal, Bina, and Ankush Agrawal. "Do farmers really like farming? Indian farmers in transition." Oxford Development Studies 45, no. 4 (February 8, 2017): 460–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2017.1283010.

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Lee, Gyoung-Ah. "The Transition from Foraging to Farming in Prehistoric Korea." Current Anthropology 52, S4 (October 2011): S307—S329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/658488.

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Barker, Graeme. "Bugs and bottlenecks: approaches to the transition to farming." Antiquity 71, no. 272 (June 1997): 480–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0008515x.

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Zvelebil, Marek, and Paul Dolukhanov. "The transition to farming in Eastern and Northern Europe." Journal of World Prehistory 5, no. 3 (September 1991): 233–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00974991.

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Zheng, Qingpo. "The Evolution and Dynamics of Managerial Economic Activities of Peasant Families: Ding County since the Republican Era." Rural China 17, no. 1 (May 12, 2020): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22136746-01701002.

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While the overall pattern of peasant economic activities in Ding county has remained largely unchanged since the Republican years, in which farming as the major source of income was supplemented with sidelines, this article finds constant changes in the ways in which this pattern continues and in the nature of supplementary sidelines. Specifically, there have been four types of peasant households: completely farming; farming combined with sidelines; non-farming combined with sidelines; completely non-farming, with the “combined households” being the dominant type and undergoing a transition from the farming-based to the non-farming-based. The farming household-based managerial pattern currently remains and will continue to be an optimal choice in the long run.

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Nordin, Martin, and Ida Lovén. "Is the setting up aid mitigating the generational renewal problem in farming?" European Review of Agricultural Economics 47, no. 5 (March 31, 2020): 1697–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbaa006.

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Abstract This study is the first to evaluate the setting up aid (SUA), in the Rural Development Programme. For Sweden, we investigate if the aid, firstly, speeds up the transition process to become manager of a farm and, secondly, affects income from farming and survival of the farm. The approach builds on a regression discontinuity design and explores an age 40–the eligibility requirement in the SUA. We find that the SUA has an impact on the transition to farm management, as well as it increases income from farming and farm survival. Consequently, the aid is likely to fulfil its aim of attracting young people into farming.

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Swales, David. "Will Defra's new Sustainable Farming Incentive ease farmers’ transition away from subsidies?" Livestock 27, no. 4 (July 2, 2022): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/live.2022.27.4.172.

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The new Sustainable Farming Incentive is likely to only provide a small financial benefit for farmers as it is currently designed. Indeed, some standards within the pilot scheme were found to have a negative impact on business profitability, where farms had to take land out of production to meet Defra's requirements. It is clear that the Sustainable Farming Incentive will not replace income received through Direct Payments, even for those most efficient at producing environmental goods, so it is important that farmers consider the Sustainable Farming Incentive within a wider review of their business in order to ensure they remain profitable throughout the agricultural transition period and beyond

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Budja, Mihael, Nives Ogrinc, Andreja Žibrat Gašparič, Doris Potočnik, Dušan Žigon, and Dimitrij Mlekuž. "Transition to farming – transition to milk culture: a case study from Mala Triglavca, Slovenia." Documenta Praehistorica 40 (2013): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.40.9.

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Martins, Susanna Wade. "‘Farming through Enclosure’ — A Gentle Rejoinder." Rural History 10, no. 1 (April 1999): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300001722.

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I was most interested in the article by John Beckett et al. which appeared in volume 9 of Rural History. It contained detail about the Enclosure Commissioners' handling of the transition from open to enclosed field farming based mainly on Midlands evidence of which I was unaware and which I have not come across in East Anglia. Continued research may produce comparable material in local record offices and estate and solicitors' collections in other regions.

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Ratnasari, Yupi, Abdullah Usman, and Muhammad Siddik. "ANALISIS PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN PETANI: KASUS PERALIHAN USAHATANI PADI KE USAHATANI IKAN DI DESA BUNKATE KECAMATAN JONGGAT KABUPATEN LOMBOK TENGAH." AGROTEKSOS: Agronomi Teknologi dan Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 28, no. 3 (September 3, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/agroteksos.v28i3.163.

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ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan petani dalam melakukan peralihan usahatani padi ke usahatani ikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik survei dan wawancara. Unit analisis penelitian ini adalah petani padi dan petani ikan di desa Bunkate. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Bunkate, berdasarkan data petani ikan terbesar di Kecamatan Jonggat. Jumlah responden ditetapkan secara “Quota Sampling” sebanyak 44 orang, 22 orang petani padi dan 22 orang petani ikan. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah: analisis regresi logistik dan analisis uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi peralihan usahatani padi ke usahatani ikan adalah pendapatan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh pendapatan usahatani ikan yaitu Rp. 122.752.923/ha lebih besar dibandingkan dengan pendapatan usahatani padi Rp. 13.183.734/ha. Modal, luas lahan, jumlah tanggungan keluarga dan resiko usahatani tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pengambilan keputusan petani melakukan peralihan usahatani. Nilai R/C ratio pada usahatani padi lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan usahatani ikan. Hal ini desabkan oleh produksi dan harga produk pada usahatani ikan lebih besar dibandingkan dengan produksi dan harga produk pada usahatani padi. ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors that influence the decision of farmers in making the transition of rice farming to fish farming. This research uses descriptive method and data collection technique used is survey and interview technique. The unit of analysis of this research is rice farmers and fish farmers in Bunkate village. This research was conducted in Bunkate Village, based on the data of the biggest fish farmer in Jonggat District. The number of respondents is determined by "Quota Sampling" as many as 44 people, 22 rice farmers and 22 fish farmers. Data analysis used were: analysis of factors influencing rice farming transition to fish farming, and income comparison analysis between rice farming and fish farming. The results showed that the factors affecting the shift of rice farming to fish farming were income. This is caused by the income of fish farming is Rp. 122.752.923 / ha greater than the income of rice farming Rp. 13,183,734 / ha. Capital, land area, number of family dependent and farming risk have no significant effect to farmer's decision making to make farming transition. The value of R / C ratio in rice farming is smaller than fish farming. This is explained by the production and price of products in fish farming is greater than the production and price of products in rice farming.

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Moglia, Magnus, Kim S. Alexander, Silva Larson, Anne (Giger)-Dray, Garry Greenhalgh, Phommath Thammavong, Manithaythip Thephavanh, and Peter Case. "Gendered Roles in Agrarian Transition: A Study of Lowland Rice Farming in Lao PDR." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (July 3, 2020): 5403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135403.

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Traditional lifestyles of lowland rice farmers of the southern provinces of Lao People’s Democratic Republic are rapidly changing, due to two important trends. Firstly, there is a push towards modernization and commercialization of farming. Secondly, though farmers still focus on rice farming as a key activity, there is an increasing move towards diversification of livelihoods. The changes have seen the uptake of non-rice crops, livestock husbandry and forest and river utilization; as well as non-farming activities. This has influenced gender relations, impacting household agricultural production decisions and amplified transitional trends. To explore the processes, we analyzed data from a study of innovation adoption amongst rice farmers in southern Lao PDR. The study revealed nuances of gender-based differences in the priorities and attitudes towards farming and off-farm activities, as well as differences in behaviour related to the adoption of new practices. Women were more focused on non-farming practices and considered engaging in the modern, non-traditional, economy more so than men. Women also reported experiencing greater challenges when engaging and trading in the agricultural marketplace. The study supports the importance of taking a gendered approach to understanding the inherent complexities within agrarian change.

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Brown, Colin, Lava Prakash Yadav, Jing Zhang, and Deqing Zhouma. "Sustainability of Agricultural Diversity in the Farm Households of Southern Tibet." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 17, 2019): 5756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205756.

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Farming systems in Tibet are undergoing significant change as farm households are encouraged to shift from more subsistence-oriented staple cereals to more intensive, diverse, and integrated forage crop livestock systems reliant on engagement with external input and product markets. This is occurring at a time of rapid agrarian transition with more and more of the livelihoods, income, and expenditures of farm households dependent on off-farm sources. Modernizing an agricultural sector that can sustain the livelihoods of smallholder farmers and meet the demands of an ever more discerning customer base all within the confines of a limited resource base has proved a major R&D and policy challenge for Tibetan and Chinese officials, let alone the farmers and market actors impacted by these developments. In this paper, key drivers impacting diversity in Tibetan farm households, including agrarian transition and demographic, infrastructure, and food price developments, are outlined. The impact on household economics and on the environment of the more intensive and diverse farming systems are then discussed, along with the attitudes of farm households to the changing farming systems and to their future in farming. The paper finds significant labor and environmental challenges that farm households and policy makers must grapple with if the farming system and agrarian transition trajectories are to be sustained.

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Zvelebil, Marek. "Homo habitus: agency, structure and the transformation of tradition in the constitution of the TRB foraging-farming communities in the North European plain (ca 4500–2000 BC)." Documenta Praehistorica 32 (December 31, 2005): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.32.5.

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The current generally accepted view of the dispersal of farming into Europe is that farming groups in the eastern Mediterranean colonised selectively optimal farming areas. The role of contact between indigenous hunter-gatherers and incoming farmers was very important to the operation of this process. This general view of the spread of farming at a broad inter-regional scale gives us our understanding of the origins of the Neolithic but merits closer examination at the local and regional level, as increasingly it is becoming apparent that the causes and motivations may have differed. In this paper, Mesolithic to Neolithic communities with evidence of the transition from hunter-gatherer to farmer will be examined at a regional scale, in the central part of the north European plain, focussing on Kujavia. Additionally, the theory of structuration will be applied in order to elucidate the transition process at this level.

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El Ghmari, Hamza, Rachid Harbouze, and Hamid El Bilali. "Pathways of Transition to Organic Agriculture in Morocco." World 3, no. 3 (September 11, 2022): 718–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/world3030040.

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Agriculture is a vital sector in Morocco through its contribution to the gross domestic product (13%) and workforce (30%). However, the sector faces important sustainability challenges due to Morocco’s dependence on rain-fed crops for 90% of the production and its vulnerability to climate change. In this context, organic agriculture presents itself as a promising alternative to valorize production and mitigate climate change effects. This article describes the dynamics and development of the organic agriculture niche in Morocco through the lens of the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) on socio-technical transitions. The MLP is a widely used framework that bases its analysis on transitions being the result of the interaction of niches, socio-technical regimes, and socio-technical landscape. Results of the literature review and semi-structured interviews show that, although the organic niche is relatively well established (11,000 ha of organic land area in 2019), it is still developing at a slower rate than expected due to multiple setbacks. While organic farming does solve many sustainability challenges that Moroccan agriculture faces, it still lacks the infrastructure and human capital to succeed as a niche. All in all, organic farming is still in the first transition stages and can follow a multitude of pathways before becoming relevant in the current agri-food system.

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Bonsall, C., D. E. Anderson, and M. G. Macklin. "The Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in western Scotland and its European context." Documenta Praehistorica 29 (December 22, 2002): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.29.1.

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The transition is considered in terms of four related questions: (i) HOW did the shift from foraging to farming happen? (ii) WHY did it happen? (iii) WHEN did it happen? (iv) WHY did it happen WHEN it did? The adoption of farming coincided with a shift to a more continental-type climate with lower winter precipitation, which improved the prospects for cereal cultivation. It is sug- gested that this was a key factor in the transition from Mesolithic to Neolithic across north-west Eu- rope as a whole.

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Hoy, Kyle A., Irene M. Xiarchos, Timothy W. Kelsey, Kathryn J. Brasier, and Leland L. Glenna. "Marcellus Shale Gas Development and Farming." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 47, no. 3 (February 5, 2018): 634–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/age.2017.28.

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We study changes in farming in the Marcellus region associated with unconventional natural gas drilling activity. Due to concerns raised by the popular press, we consider 18 different county-level agricultural variables. While we find no significant changes in the number of farms or land in farms in drilling counties relative to non-drilling counties, there is an increase in median farm sizes, indicating potential consolidation in drilling counties. Despite anecdotal evidence suggesting a transition away from dairy farming to either beef or hay production, we find no support for this at the county level.

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Mihailović, Dušan. "Social aspects of the transition to farming in the Balkans." Documenta Praehistorica 34 (December 31, 2007): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.34.6.

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The Neolithization of the Balkans could be considered as a very complex social phenomenon. In this work we study the causes for the cultural and social integration of hunter-gatherer communities in the Late Glacial and Early Holocene, social networks and contacts in the Iron Gates Mesolithic, and also factors having an impact on the spread of the Neolithic in the Balkans. It has been perceived that the evolution of culture in the Balkans was simultaneously influenced by internal and external factors, and this contributed to the very rapid acceptance of Neolithic values and the Neo- lithic way of life in the period from 6500 to 6200 calBC.

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ZHANG, QIAN FORREST. "The Political Economy of Contract Farming in China's Agrarian Transition." Journal of Agrarian Change 12, no. 4 (September 13, 2012): 460–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0366.2012.00352.x.

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Wang, H. Holly, Yanbing Wang, and Michael S. Delgado. "The Transition to Modern Agriculture: Contract Farming in Developing Economies." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 96, no. 5 (October 2014): 1257–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aau036.

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Zvelebil, Marek, and Peter Rowley‐Conwy. "Reply to comments on transition to farming in Northern Europe." Norwegian Archaeological Review 18, no. 1-2 (January 1985): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00293652.1985.9965422.

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Bulbeck, David. "The transition from foraging to farming in prehistory and ‘ethnography’." World Archaeology 45, no. 4 (July 29, 2013): 557–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2013.821668.

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Neil, Samantha, Jane Evans, Janet Montgomery, and Chris Scarre. "Isotopic evidence for residential mobility of farming communities during the transition to agriculture in Britain." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 1 (January 2016): 150522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150522.

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Development of agriculture is often assumed to be accompanied by a decline in residential mobility, and sedentism is frequently proposed to provide the basis for economic intensification, population growth and increasing social complexity. In Britain, however, the nature of the agricultural transition ( ca 4000 BC) and its effect on residence patterns has been intensely debated. Some authors attribute the transition to the arrival of populations who practised a system of sedentary intensive mixed farming similar to that of the very earliest agricultural regimes in central Europe, ca 5500 BC, with cultivation of crops in fixed plots and livestock keeping close to permanently occupied farmsteads. Others argue that local hunter–gatherers within Britain adopted selected elements of a farming economy and retained a mobile way of life. We use strontium and oxygen isotope analysis of tooth enamel from an Early Neolithic burial population in Gloucestershire, England, to evaluate the residence patterns of early farmers. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that early farming communities in Britain were residentially mobile and were not fully sedentary. Results highlight the diverse nature of settlement strategies associated with early farming in Europe and are of wider significance to understanding the effect of the transition to agriculture on residence patterns.

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Clark, G. A. ": Hunters in Transition: Mesolithic Societies of Temperate Eurasia and Their Transition to Farming . Marek Zvelebil." American Anthropologist 89, no. 4 (December 1987): 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1987.89.4.02a00720.

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Straus, Lawrence Guy. "Hunters in Transition: Mesolithic Societies of Temperate Eurasia and Their Transition to Farming. Marek Zvelebil." Journal of Anthropological Research 44, no. 1 (April 1988): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jar.44.1.3630127.

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Abramov, N. V., S. A. Semizorov, S. V. Sherstobitov, M. V. Gunger, and A. E. Ufimtsev. "Digital precision farming technologies." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 949, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/949/1/012011.

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Abstract A systematic approach to the use of digital technologies in precision farming is proposed. The scientifically grounded transition to digitalization of production processes in crop production includes two stages. The first is the formation of comprehensive data on terrestrial and space factors in the production of agroecosystems. The natural potential of the Northern Trans-Urals (1.6 - 2.2) has been established, which indicates satisfactory soil and climatic conditions for growing crops. The biopotential of agrocenoses was calculated for photosynthetic active radiation (PAR). The potential yield of spring wheat is 13.75 t / ha. In long-term experiments (1977-2020), the really possible crop yield was determined. The mathematical model of the formation of soil fertility parameters shows the intensity of growth or decline in the productivity of agrocenoses. At the second stage, in order to optimize life-supporting factors, innovative technologies for growing crops using space systems are being developed. The practical implementation of digital technologies begins with the digitization of fields, monitoring of soil fertility in elementary areas with reference to geographic coordinates. The use of precise technologies for sowing, differentiated application of fertilizers, pesticides, and yield mapping made it possible to reduce the cost of grain by 140 rubles / c and increase the profitability of its production by 24%.

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Qu, Yi, Xiao Lyu, Wenlong Peng, and Zongfei Xin. "How to Evaluate the Green Utilization Efficiency of Cultivated Land in a Farming Household? A Case Study of Shandong Province, China." Land 10, no. 8 (July 28, 2021): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10080789.

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The behavior of farming households is the most direct factor involved in the transition of cultivated land utilization from high-input/high-output to green and sustainable utilization mode. Improving farming households’ green utilization efficiency of cultivated land (GUECL) is of great significance in facilitating agricultural green development in China. However, there are few studies on GUECL based on the micro-perspective of farming households that cover the comprehensive benefits to the economy, ecology, and society. This paper builds a theoretical analysis framework of farming households’ green utilization of cultivated land and uses the super-efficiency EBM model and a questionnaire to conduct an empirical analysis of 952 farming households in Shandong Province to evaluate the green utilization efficiency of cultivated land. The results show that the GUECL of the farming households is generally not high, with an average value of 0.67, and can be further improved. The higher the GUECL, the lower the input and undesired output per unit yield and per unit output value. Tobit regression results show that a farming household’s per capita income is significantly positively correlated with the GUECL, while agricultural insurance, agricultural subsidies, cultivated land scale, cultivated land fragmentation, and regional economic level are significantly negatively correlated with the GUECL. In addition, recommendations can be made on promoting and innovating agricultural green development technology, popularizing and publicizing farming households’ thoughts on the green utilization of cultivated land, and ensuring and improving rural green life so as to provide a reference for promoting green transition of cultivated land utilization with diversified coordination and multiple measures.

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Maharjan, Biboss, Anon Chaulagain, Parikrama Sapkota, Dhurva P. Gauchan, and Janardan Lamichanne. "Soil properties during transition from conventional to organic farming system in Kavre District, Nepal." Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 13, no. 1 (October 4, 2018): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kuset.v13i1.21264.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the response of soil physical and chemical properties during the transition from conventional to organic farming system. Soil samples were collected from five different farms: “Hasera organic farm” under 10 years of organic farming, “Everything organic nursery” under 5 years of organic farming, “Grameen Krishi” under 3 years of transition from conventional to organic, “Gautamshree farm” under 1 years of transition from conventional to organic and “Kuntabeshi farm” under IPM practice as reference. Soil bulk density, moisture content, texture, NPK, CEC and soil organic matter was evaluated in soil samples collected at 0-15 cm. Soil organic matter (5.45%) was highest in Hasera farm, whereas lowest bulk density (1.02gcm-3) was also in Hasera farm. Lowest soil organic matter content was found in Gautamshree farm. Soils of all farms were under loam texture. Soil macronutrients were highest in Grameen Krishi farm. The overall pH value of all soil samples was slightly acidic to acidic.Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyVol. 13, No. 1, 2017, Page: 76-84

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Galy, Olivier, Stéphane Frayon, Marco Goldin, Paul Zongo, Guillaume Wattelez, Sonny Lameta, Alan Quartermain, Jean Marie Fotsing, and Séverine Bouard. "Generational issues in linking family farming production, traditional food in diet, physical activity and obesity in Pacific Islands countries and territories: the case of the Melanesian population on Lifou Island." Open Research Europe 1 (October 11, 2022): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13705.2.

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In the Melanesian culture, traditional activities are organized around family farming, although the lifestyle transition taking place over the last several decades has led to imbalances in diet and physical activity, with both leading to obesity. The aim of this interdisciplinary study was to understand the links between family farming (produced, exchanged, sold, and consumed food), diet (focused on produced, hunted, and caught food), physical activity (sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) and obesity in Melanesian Lifou Island families (parents and children). Forty families, including 142 adults and children, completed individual food frequency questionnaires, wore tri-axial accelerometers for seven continuous days, and had weight and height measured with a bio-impedance device. A family farming questionnaire was conducted at the household level concerning family farming practices and sociodemographic variables. Multinomial regression analyses and logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. Results showed that family farming production brings a modest contribution to diet and active lifestyles for the family farmers of Lifou Island. The drivers for obesity in these tribal communities were linked to diet in the adults, whereas parental socioeconomic status and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were the main factors associated to being overweight and obesity in children. These differences in lifestyle behaviors within families suggest a transition in cultural practices at the intergenerational level. Future directions should consider seasonality and a more in-depth analysis of diet including macro- and micro- nutrients to acquire more accurate information on the intergenerational transition in cultural practices and its consequences on health outcomes in the Pacific region.

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