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Marassiro, Mateus João, Marcelo Leles Romarco de Oliveira, and Sergio Feliciano Come. "Three Decades of Agricultural Extension in Mozambique: Between Advances and Setbacks." Journal of Agricultural Studies 8, no. 2 (March 10, 2020): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v8i2.16647.
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This article aims to analyze the intervention in the area of public agrarian extension in Mozambique, taking into consideration the trajectory of this policy in this country. The methodology used is the literature review and consultation of documents that guide the agrarian extension in the country. Documentary analysis of plans and programs that address the theme was performed, as well as the consultation of articles available on Google scholar published between 2000 and 2019, which brought discussions about agrarian extension. The results suggest that the intervention of extension technicians is still low. This reality may be associated with the fragility of agricultural extension sector policies and agricultural policies that support the area. The verified data demonstrate that the number of extensionists tends to increase, but the rate of farmers who benefit from these services tends to reduce. Low coverage of extension services and poor consideration of farmers’ social economic conditions at ultimately contribute to low rates of agricultural productivity. Therefore, agrarian extension services should be taken as a fundamental support instrument for farmers, contributing to the increase of agricultural production and productivity and to the improvement of economic social and commercial conditions in Mozambican agriculture. Therefore, it is considered relevant for Mozambique to develop land extension policies and implement them to enable greater capillarity with farmers.
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Lencucha, Raphael, Jeffrey Drope, Ronald Labonte, Benedito Cunguara, Arne Ruckert, Zvikie Mlambo, Artwell Kadungure, Stella Bialous, and Nhamo Nhamo. "The Political Economy of Tobacco in Mozambique and Zimbabwe: A Triangulation Mixed Methods Protocol." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (June 15, 2020): 4262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124262.
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Changing global markets have generated a dramatic shift in tobacco consumption from high-income countries (HICs) to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); by 2030, more than 80% of the disease burden from tobacco use will fall on LMICs. Propelling this shift, opponents of tobacco control have successfully asserted that tobacco is essential to the economic livelihoods of smallholder tobacco farmers and the economy of tobacco-growing countries. This nexus of economic, agricultural and public health policymaking is one of the greatest challenges facing tobacco control efforts, especially in LMICs. To date, there is a lack of comparative, individual level evidence about the actual livelihoods of tobacco-growing farmers and the political economic context driving tobacco production. This comparative evidence is critically important to identify similarities and differences across contexts and to provide local evidence to inform policies and institutional engagement. Our proposed four-year project will examine the economic situation of smallholder farmers in two major tobacco-growing LMICs—Mozambique and Zimbabwe—and the political economy shaping farmers’ livelihoods and tobacco control efforts. We will collect and analyze the existing data and policy literature on the political economy of tobacco in these two countries. We will also implement household-level economic surveys of nationally representative samples of farmers. The surveys will be complimented with focus group discussions with farmers across the major tobacco-growing regions. Finally, we will interview key informants in these countries in order to illuminate the policy context in which tobacco production is perpetuated. The team will develop country-level reports and policy briefs that will inform two sets of dissemination workshops in each country with relevant stakeholders. We will also conduct workshops to present our findings to the survey and focus group participants, and other members of these tobacco-growing communities, so they can directly benefit from the research to which they are contributing.
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HIMSHIKHA, HIMSHIKHA, and CHARAN SINGH. "Socio-economic conditions of the farmers." AGRICULTURE UPDATE 12, no. 1 (February 15, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/au/12.1/1-8.
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Nhantumbo, Alfredo, Sebastião Famba, Isaac Fandika, Armindo Cambule, and Elijah Phiri. "Yield Assessment of Maize Varieties under Varied Water Application in Semi-Arid Conditions of Southern Mozambique." Agronomy 11, no. 12 (December 14, 2021): 2541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122541.
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Maize is one of the most important staple food crops in Mozambique. Its production is country-wise dominated by smallholder farmers (more than 90%) under rain-fed conditions, where the risk of crop failure is high, especially under semi-arid conditions in southern Mozambique. Several maize genotypes have been developed for the broad agro-ecological zone adaptation but lack strong evidence about their productivity and yield stability to support decision-making in farming systems. In order to assess the yield and yield stability of maize genotypes under different environments, five identical on-station trials were implemented in the period 2017 to 2019, covering summer and winter seasons in the semi-arid region of southern Mozambique. The trials were established at the experimental station of the Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (UEM) in Sábie and at the Instituto de Investigação Agrária de Moçambique (IIAM) in Chókwe. A strip-plot design in a randomized complete block arrangement with 15 maize genotypes, and three water application (rainfall plus irrigation) levels in four replications was followed in a line-source irrigation arrangement. The water application levels varied from 151 mm to 804 mm, covering different water regimes. Under well-watered summer conditions, the genotypes G6 and G12 showed high yield and high grain yield stability. In the drier conditions, either in summer or winter, the G2 and G11 genotypes produced higher grain yield but with low stability. Both groups of genotypes have a high potential to be included in technology transfer packages to smallholder farmers to address food security or large-scale commercial farmers differently.
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Paganini, Nicole, Kustiwa Adinata, Nomonde Buthelezi, David Harris, Stefanie Lemke, Alberto Luis, Jennifer Koppelin, et al. "Growing and Eating Food during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Farmers’ Perspectives on Local Food System Resilience to Shocks in Southern Africa and Indonesia." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 16, 2020): 8556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208556.
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The COVID-19 outbreak forced governments to make decisions that had adverse effects on local food systems and supply chains. As a result, many small-scale food producers faced difficulties growing, harvesting, and selling their goods. This participatory research examines local small-scale farmers’ challenges as farmers but also as consumers and their coping strategies during the month of April and one week in June 2020. The study was initiated and conceptualized in collaboration with small-scale farmer members of an existing research network in selected urban and rural areas in South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and Indonesia. Participants co-designed the research, collected and uploaded data through digital survey tools, and contributed to data analysis and interpretation. A common observation across regions is that the measures imposed in response to COVID-19 highlighted and partly exacerbated existing socio-economic inequalities among food system actors. Strict lockdowns in Cape Town, South Africa, and Masvingo, Zimbabwe, significantly restricted the production capacity of small-scale farmers in the informal economy and created more food insecurity for them. In Maputo, Mozambique, and Toraja and Java, Indonesia, local food systems continued to operate and were even strengthened by higher social capital and adaptive capacities.
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Brunie, Aurélie, Diana Rutherford, Emily B. Keyes, and Samuel Field. "Economic benefits of savings groups in rural Mozambique." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 12 (December 4, 2017): 1988–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-04-2015-0103.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of savings and loan groups (SGs), alone and combined with a rotating labor scheme (Ajuda Mútua), on the economic conditions of the rural poor in Nampula province in Mozambique. Design/methodology/approach Three pairs of districts were randomized into receiving SG, SG and AM, or no intervention. The study used a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design. Data from a longitudinal survey of 1,276 households were analyzed using difference-in-difference estimation to assess the impact of SGs on income and asset ownership. Thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with 72 program participants explored specific contributions of SGs to economic outcomes. Findings Survey results show that program participation had a significant, positive impact on income and asset ownership. Qualitative results indicate that SGs allowed households to bridge seasonal food consumption gaps and meet cash needs during crises. Accumulated savings supported asset purchases. Program activities supported agricultural activity, but enterprise development had limited scope. Challenges to economic development included cultural aversion to risk, inadequate agricultural inputs, low market integration, and limited business opportunities. Practical implications SGs helped reduce vulnerability to stress events. Programs should analyze the wider structural context to foster a positive enabling environment, and combine SGs with relevant enterprise development services for additional benefits. Originality/value The importance of savings is increasingly acknowledged, but the contributions and limitations of SGs are not fully understood. This paper also highlights the role of structural context, which remains undervalued in the literature.
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Fernandes, T., J. Ferrão, J. Guina, I. Chabite, C. Garrine, and V. Bell. "Impact of Toxigenic Fungi: An Economic and Health Obstruction to Wellness in Mozambique." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 3, no. 5 (October 27, 2021): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.5.392.
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Food safety is a major concern worldwide. Food-crop contamination by fungi and mycotoxins is a common occurrence causing persistent exposure that raises critical health problems and economic losses. Food and feeds are frequently tainted by multiple contaminants, such as trace elements, heavy metals, dioxins, pesticides, and mycotoxins. Most African countries lack the ability to enforce international food safety regulations and face frequent rejection of exportable raw food materials leading to financial burden and increased intramural consumption of contaminated products. The literature on mycotoxins is extremely vast, investigating or reporting cellular mechanisms and toxicity, associated pathology and animal performance, effects of these compounds on general malnutrition and on human health. However, different sampling and analytical methods for research has hindered progress, data collection and interpretation. Innovative and promising commercial solutions of technological biocontrol have been approved in few African countries but may not be the sole and long-lasting solution for the management of mycotoxins. We describe an economic burden in Mozambique of naturally occurring toxigenic fungi moulds in banana plantations, and a public health impact from non-rotating crops of cassava, groundnutsб and maize. Finally, we mention our moderate role in surveillance and monitoring of mycotoxins in family smallholder farmers, informal markets, and cooperatives.
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Makate, Clifton, Marshall Makate, and Nelson Mango. "Farm types and adoption of proven innovative practices in smallholder bean farming in Angonia district of Mozambique." International Journal of Social Economics 45, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 140–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-11-2016-0318.
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Purpose Improving the adoption rates of proven innovative practices in bean farming and their impacts on livelihoods requires persistent promotion of practices, complemented by rigorous socioeconomic analysis that recognises the diversity of smallholder farmers. The purpose of this paper is to typify farm households in Angonia district of Mozambique, based on their socioeconomic characteristics prompting the adoption of proven innovative practices in bean production, management, and marketing. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a multivariate statistical analysis approach that combines principal component analysis, and cluster analysis to clearly identify five distinctive farm household types with respect to the adoption of proven innovative practices in smallholder bean farming using socio-economic factors. Findings The study findings show that various socioeconomic factors define clusters and can be associated with the adoption and use of innovative practices in smallholder bean farming. The five farm types identified are: female landowners with small farm sizes (29.52 per cent); educated farmers with access to credit (6.63 per cent); relatively rich male land owners with large farm sizes and low education (8.73 per cent); youthful, inexperienced and poor male farmers (6.33 per cent); and experienced female farmers with high labour endowments (8.43 per cent). The respective farm types seemed to have different patterns in the adoption of proven innovative practices in bean farming. Originality/value The authors recommend that policy makers promote strategies meant to raise adoption of innovative practices in bean production, management and marketing in Mozambique that takes into account household diversity. The farm types identified by this study can be a good starting point for guiding such future efforts.
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Carter, Michael, Rachid Laajaj, and Dean Yang. "Subsidies and the African Green Revolution: Direct Effects and Social Network Spillovers of Randomized Input Subsidies in Mozambique." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 13, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 206–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20190396.
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The Green Revolution, which bolstered agricultural yields and economic well-being in Asia and Latin America beginning in the 1960s, largely bypassed sub-Saharan Africa. We study the first randomized controlled trial of a government-implemented input subsidy program (ISP) in Africa intended to foment a Green Revolution. We find that this temporary subsidy for Mozambican maize farmers stimulates Green Revolution technology adoption and leads to increased maize yields. Effects of the subsidy persist in later unsubsidized years. In addition, social networks of subsidized farmers benefit from spillovers, experiencing increases in technology adoption, yields, and beliefs about the returns to the technologies. Spillovers account for the vast majority of subsidy-induced gains. ISPs alleviate informational market failures, stimulating learning about new technologies by subsidy recipients and their social networks. (JEL O13, Q12, Q16, Q18)
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Kola, Jukka, and Sanna Sihvola. "Leisure and farmers’ welfare in changing conditions." Agricultural and Food Science 3, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72683.
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This paper examines the background for leisure-labour decisions in agriculture and evaluates welfare effects of a shift in farmers’ relief services from a state-led subsidised system to a market mechanism. Leisure provided by relief services in agriculture contributes to well-being, but the leisure-labour choice also influences the revenue. Besides conventional economic and demographic factors, we emphasize the importance of special biological bindings and continuity, as well as risk and uncertainty affecting farmers’ time allocation in agricultural production. We consider structural development as an aggregate factor to explain the demand for farmers’ relief services. In Finland the organisation of the services is more centralized than in the other Nordic countries or the European Union. If government subsidies for relief services were removed and a market mechanism with free price formation adopted, direct government savings would be more than enough to compensate for substantial losses to farmers. Moreover, market forces could produce economic efficiency and local flexibility of a higher degree. State subsidization may still be needed to some extent in changing conditions in order to enable the relief services to develop and serve as a support system of a social, de-coupled, and less distorting nature.
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Afandi, Aan, Deni Puji Hartono, Budi Utomo, Mega Kusuma Putri, and Helfa Septinar. "Social economic conditions of farming community in Salek Jaya Village, Air Saleh District." Journal of Geography Science and Education 3, no. 2 (October 13, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32585/jgse.v3i2.1982.
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Purpose of this study was to determine and describe the socio-economic conditions of the lowland rice farming community in Salek Jaya Village, Air Saleh District. This study used descriptive qualitative method. This study used 15 community respondents who work as farmers. Collecting data using observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The data analysis technique uses descriptive analysis and is presented in a diagrammatic table. The results of this study indicate that the age of farmers ranges from 40-49 years (53%) including the productive age, the last level of education taken by farmers who graduated from Elementary School (SD) 73%, regarding health facilities according to respondents is feasible (67%) , the social interaction between farmers is well established without any obstacles, the income from farming that is obtained in one planting season is around Rp. 10,000,000 - Rp. 15,000,000 (73%), while the total expenditure of farmers, both for farming capital and for their daily needs, ranges from> Rp. 5,000,000 (20%) and Rp. 600,000 - Rp. 1,000,000 (60%) and the number of dependents as many as 3 people.
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Brites Pereira, Luis, and John Manuel Luiz. "Institutional drivers, historical determinism, and economic development in Mozambique." International Journal of Emerging Markets 15, no. 4 (November 25, 2019): 767–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-01-2019-0024.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the evolution of political and economic institutions, their persistence and interdependence and their effects on economic progress in Mozambique. Design/methodology/approach Using a unique data set, which has developed detailed long-run indices of institutional change in Mozambique from 1900 onwards, the research utilizes time-series econometrics to estimate cointegration relations and Vector Autoregressive and Vector Error Correction models, and also Granger causality, correlation and residual analysis when interpreting the estimation results. Findings It shows support for path dependence in political and economic institutions as well as the critical juncture theory and modernization hypothesis, and for webs of association between these institutions and economic development. It provides evidence of an equilibrium-dependent process, where history does matter (as do early conditions), and whose impact may differ depending on the nature of institutional arrangements. Various institutions created during colonial times have a bearing on the present state of institutions in Mozambique, as reflected in important continuities regarding the forms of political economy, among others. Originality/value The work contributes to existing research not only through the employment of a new set of institutional measures, which allows for a particularly long time-series investigation in a developing country setting, but also through its contribution to studies on modernization and critical junctures but in a longitudinal manner which allows for the exploration of complex dynamics embedded within a country’s particular political economy. The implications are far-reaching and carry importance beyond the academy given the pressure on policymakers to get things right because of the persistence of institutions and their consequences and the associated path dependency.
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Gosling, Elizabeth, Thomas Knoke, Esther Reith, Alyna Reyes Cáceres, and Carola Paul. "Which Socio-economic Conditions Drive the Selection of Agroforestry at the Forest Frontier?" Environmental Management 67, no. 6 (February 12, 2021): 1119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-021-01439-0.
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AbstractModels are essential to assess the socio-economic credentials of new agroforestry systems. In this study, we showcase robust optimisation as a tool to evaluate agroforestry’s potential to meet farmers’ multiple goals. Our modelling approach has three parts. First, we use a discrete land-use model to evaluate two agroforestry systems (alley cropping and silvopasture) and conventional land uses against five socio-economic objectives, focusing on the forest frontier in eastern Panama. Next, we couple the land-use model with robust optimisation, to determine the mix of land uses (farm portfolio) that minimises trade-offs between the five objectives. Here we consider uncertainty to simulate the land-use decisions of a risk-averse farmer. Finally, we assess how the type and amount of agroforestry included in the optimal land-use portfolio changes under different environmental, socio-economic and political scenarios, to explore the conditions that may make agroforestry more attractive for farmers. We identify silvopasture as a promising land use for meeting farmers’ goals, especially for farms with less productive soils. The additional labour demand compared to conventional pasture, however, may prove an important barrier to adoption for farms facing acute labour shortages. The selection of agroforestry responded strongly to changes in investment costs and timber prices, suggesting that cost-sharing arrangements and tax incentives could be effective strategies to enhance adoption. We found alley cropping to be less compatible with farmers’ risk aversion, but this agroforestry system may still be a desirable complement to the land-use portfolio, especially for farmers who are more profit-oriented and tolerant of risk.
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MAHADEWI, NI LUH PUTU SRI, I. KETUT SURYA DIARTA, and NI LUH PRIMA KEMALA DEWI. "Dampak Adanya Industri Mente (CV. Mente Bali Sejahtera) terhadap Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Petani Jambu Mente di Desa Ban, Kecamatan Kubu, Kabupaten Karangasem." Jurnal Agribisnis dan Agrowisata (Journal of Agribusiness and Agritourism) 11, no. 1 (July 27, 2022): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jaa.2022.v11.i01.p37.
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Impact of Cashew Industry (CV. Mente Bali Sejahtera) on Socio Economic Conditions of Cashew Farmers in Ban Village, Kubu District, Karangasem Regency. The existence of cashew industry (CV. Mente Bali Sejahtera) in Ban Village has slowly raised the social economic status of the community, especially farmers and alleviated poverty in Ban Village. Ban village is a dry area with clean water being very difficult to obtain. Such natural conditions make the people here work as cashew farmers. The purpose of the study was to analyze the impact of the cashew industry (CV. Mente Bali Sejahtera) on the socio-economic conditions of cashew farmers in Ban Village. The analytical method used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative using a before after approach, research instruments in the form of interview guidelines and questionnaires. The results showed that the impact of the cashew industry (CV. Mente Bali Sejahtera) on the economic conditions of farmers in Ban Village was an increase in income from before. Increased income has an impact on the ability of farmers to improve housing conditions so that they become more feasible and comfortable, and are able to create business opportunities so that they can provide other financial benefits. The impact of industry on social conditions shows that social interaction remains well established but there is a decrease in the intensity of meeting within the family because more interactions are carried out at night after work. The fulfillment of consumption and ownership of living facilities in the household has increased and the knowledge and skills of farmers are increasing. Suggestions that can be given are for farmers to pay more attention to their agriculture so that they can produce superior quality cashew nuts and the industry to pay attention to the comfort of the community to avoid conflicts.
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Farooq, T. H., N. P. Gautam, M. H. U. Rashid, M. M. Gilani, W. Nemin, M. F. Nawaz, W. Islam, M. Zainab, and P. Wu. "Contributions of Agroforestry on Socio-economic Conditions of Farmers in Central Punjab, Pakistan – A Case Study." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 51, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cerce-2018-0020.
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Abstract Agroforerstry (AF) in the farmlands of Punjab (Pakistan) is a tradition, but it was practiced without any proper methodology. From last few years, AF practices have become popular in Punjab. Especially in the rural areas woody biomass is being used as a major source of energy. The study was designed to examine the contributions of AF on the socio-economic conditions of the farmers in the central Punjab of Pakistan. District Chiniot was selected as the universe of study and a detailed survey was conducted in the three tehsiles by interviewing 150 randomly selected farmers with the use of a wellstructured questionnaire. In addition, secondary data was also collected from district agriculture offices. Chi-Square test was used for quantitative data analysis. Results showed that farmer’s annual income and household status was improved after practicing AF. Reasonably less poor farmers have more income increase than the poor farmers due to an extra investment, but income generation helped poor farmers to maintain the minimal living standards. Farmers perceived the advantage of trees immensely and the large scale farmers taking this as a genuine source of income. In adoption of AF, attitude of the farmers was independent of family size and settlement period, but was dependent on the occupation and number of livestock holding. The study suggested that, in the present financial scenario of the poor farmers, planting of suitable tree species with multiple benefits is an escape way to come out of the vicious circle of poverty. Along with that agroforestry can play a vital role in increasing the vegetation cover in forest deficient countries. Extension services and awareness programs should be arranged in the areas where people have negative attitude about AF practices, because the cultivated fields are the best places to grow the tree with crops. Moreover, subsidies and income generating project should be launched to motivate people towards AF.
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Nguenha, Nicole, Benedito Cunguara, Stella Bialous, Jeffrey Drope, and Raphael Lencucha. "An Overview of the Policy and Market Landscape of Tobacco Production and Control in Mozambique." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010343.
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Background: Tobacco growing has been considered a mainstay of Mozambique’s economy, but there is a dearth of analysis of the tobacco policy landscape in the country. Methods: Review of government and non-government documents and academic papers addressing Mozambique’s tobacco-growing history, the changes in the political economy of tobacco, and health policies addressing tobacco use and prevention of noncommunicable diseases. Results: Despite its tobacco growing and exporting history, the contribution of tobacco to the economy has been in steady decline in the past two decades, including in the areas dedicated to growing. At the same time there has been an increase in multinational control of the tobacco economy. In parallel, Mozambique’s commitment to addressing the growing burden of noncommunicable disease and accession to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control indicate a potential for internal government tensions to balance immediate economic interests with long term health goals. Conclusions: With the decline in tobacco share of the overall economy, Mozambique may be well-positioned to explore alternative, sustainable livelihoods for farmers that grow tobacco, but it must overcome inter-sectoral barriers and advocate for a whole of government approach to address the health and economic impact of tobacco.
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Barman, Topon Chandra, Mohammad Mujaffar Hossain, Md Mukhlesur Rahman, Md Younus Ali, and Nipa Rani Sarker. "An assessment of socio-economic conditions of the farmers related to goat fattening in Rangpur district of Bangladesh." Asian-Australasian Journal of Food Safety and Security 1, no. 1 (November 17, 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aajfss.v1i1.55755.
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The experiment was carried out at Kaunia upazila in Rangpur district to investigate the socio-economic conditions of the farmers, use of different hormones, feed additives and their effects. The data were collected through interview schedule by selecting 30 respondents who were involved in goat fattening. Collected data were analyzed using Excel sheet. It was found that most of the farmers were middle aged categories (50%) and educational level of the farmers was primary (57%), secondary (23%), and higher secondary (10%). Half of the respondents were farmer, followed by businessman (20%). About 67% farmers used own capital, 3% farmers took loan from bank and 23% took loan from other sources such as NGO. It was also found that about 33% respondents had on short time training experience and the rest 67% had no experience. Almost 97% farmers reared Black Bengal goat and 3% Jamunapari goat. Near about 97% farmers used roadside grass and tree leaves and only 3% farmers used cultivated fodder. Only 7% farmer used growth promoter & feed additives in feed where 93% farmers are not being used growth promoter &feed additives in feed. But not a single farmer used growth hormones for fattening purpose. Therefore, still now goat meat would be safe for human consumption without any health hazard.
Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2017, 1 (1), 1-6
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Gelcer, Eduardo, Clyde Fraisse, Lincoln Zotarelli, Daniel Perondi, Hipólito Malia, Carvalho Ecole, and Kati Migliaccio. "A Smart Irrigation Tool to Determine the Effects of ENSO on Water Requirements for Tomato Production in Mozambique." Water 10, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): 1820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121820.
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Irrigation scheduling is used by growers to determine the right amount and timing of water application. In most parts of Mozambique, 90% of the total yearly precipitation occurs from November to March. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon influences the climate in Mozambique and affects the water demand for crop production. The objectives of this work were to quantify the effects of ENSO phenomenon on tomato crop water requirements, and to create the AgroClimate irrigation tool (http://mz.agroclimate.org/) to assist farmers in improving irrigation management. This study was based on daily grid-based climate information from 1983 to 2016 from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis. Daily crop evapotranspiration was calculated by Hargreaves equation and crop coefficients. This tool is available online and considers different planting dates, ENSO phases, and crop growing season lengths. Irrigation needs varied from less than 250 mm per growing cycle during winter to 550 mm during spring. Both El Niño and La Niña influenced the irrigation scheduling, especially from November to March. El Niño periods were related to increased water demand due to drier and warmer conditions, while the opposite was observed for La Niña. The ENSO information might be used to understand climate variability and improve tomato irrigation scheduling in Mozambique.
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Ruchynska, Natalia. "ECONOMIC AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF FARMERS' ACTIVITY." Economic Analysis, no. 28(4) (2018): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2018.04.287.
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Introduction. Improvement of the process of making managerial decisions and, accordingly, improvement of the quality of the decisions made is achieved through the use of scientific approach, models and methods of decision-making. Methods of economic and mathematical modeling allow to solve a number of issues related to the development of alternative areas of activity, optimization of the structure, production costs and sales of farm products. Therefore, it is expedient to use them for making managerial decisions at farms. Purpose. The article aims to carry out the economic and statistical analysis of the activity of the farm and the feasibility of applying economic and mathematical methods in the process of managing farms in modern conditions of farming. The application of economic and mathematical methods and models for making managerial decisions is considered on the example of the activity of the farm "Horizon" of the Veselinovsky district of the Mykolaiv region, which specializes in the cultivation of grain crops (except rice), legumes and seeds of oilseeds. Methods. In the course of the study, methods of system analysis, index method of factor estimation, and economic and mathematical modeling have been used. Results. On the basis of economic indicators of the activity of the farm "Horizon" during the reporting period, the economic and mathematical model of optimization of sown areas has been created. It contributes to the correction of managerial decisions for improving the efficiency of economic activity.
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Singh, Khujan. "Impact of Organized Retail Companies on Economic Condition of Farmers." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 2, no. 1 (2014): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.211440.
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Purpose of this study is to check the effect of opening of the organized retail stores on the economic conditions in terms of job opportunities, income and purchasing power of farmers of Haryana and Himachal Pradesh. The scope of the study is only those farmers who are linked with Mother Dairy, Reliance Fresh and Walmart. The data has been collected through the help of a questioner filled from farmers and analyzed by applying one way ANOVA. It has been found that farmers have different opinion regarding positive effect of retail companies on farmer‟s income, job opportunities, purchasing power and timely payments to the farmers on the basis of the procurement area. The income effect has been found more in case of Reliance Fresh, favoritism is more in Walmart, purchasing power has increased of Walmart and Reliance Fresh linked farmers. One of the finding is that as the people are becoming older and older their perception towards retail companies is keep on changing. Further, it is concluded that as the education level of the farmers increases they become more cautious. The marginal and relatively small farmers believe that their income has increase after linked with retail companies. Retail companies do not favour large sized farmers over small farmers. Most of the farmers accept that payments are made in time and job opportunities for rural people may increase. During visit I observed that most of the labours and employees of retail companies are of other states.
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Mindú, Arsénio José, Jó António Capece, Rui Esteves Araújo, and Armando C. Oliveira. "Feasibility of Utilizing Photovoltaics for Irrigation Purposes in Moamba, Mozambique." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (October 4, 2021): 10998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910998.
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Agriculture plays a significant role in the labor force and GDP of Mozambique. Nonetheless, the energy source massively used for water pumping in irrigation purposes is based on fossil fuels (diesel oil). Despite the water availability and fertile soils in Moamba, Mozambique, farmers struggle with the high cost of fuels used in the pumping systems. This study was sought to analyze the feasibility of utilizing a solar photovoltaic system as a means to reduce the environmental impact caused by the diesel pumps and simultaneously alleviate the expenses regarding the use of non-environmentally friendly technologies. Site observations and interviews were undertaken in order to obtain local data regarding the water demand, current energy systems costs and distances from the source to the irrigated fields. CLIMWAT 2.0 was used for climate data acquisition and analysis. The environmental benefits, the cost effectiveness and local climate conditions show that the PV system is feasible in Moamba. Furthermore, parameters such as hydraulic energy, incident solar energy, pump efficiency and total system efficiency were used to predict the performance of the system. The results obtained are important to analyze the implementation of such energy systems.
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MUNISSE, P., B. D. JENSEN, O. A. QUILAMBO, S. B. ANDERSEN, and J. L. CHRISTIANSEN. "WATERMELON INTERCROPPED WITH CEREALS UNDER SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS: AN ON-FARM STUDY." Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 3 (March 15, 2012): 388–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479712000051.
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SUMMARYIntercropping is a common practice in Africa, but the advantage compared to sole cropping depends on the crop plants and local agro-ecological conditions. The potential of intercropping maize (Zea mays) or sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) with watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) was tested in two on-farm trials in southern Mozambique under semi-arid conditions in an area with low and unpredictable rainfall. In the first experiment, plant density, yield and monetary value of sole and intercropping plots of maize with watermelon were determined in 17 farmers' fields in an area where all crops developed to maturity and harvest. There was a significant reduction in yield of both maize (28.8%) and watermelon (57.8%) in the intercrop compared with the sole crop yields. However, the mean land equivalent ratio of 1.13 for yield showed that intercropping had advantages as, on average, an area planted with sole crops would require 13% more land than an intercrop production to generate the same outcome. In the second experiment, carried out in another area with 16 farmers' fields, drought was more pronounced and only watermelon developed to maturity. Intercroppings with maize and sorghum resulted in 70% and 69% yield reduction, respectively. In conclusion, watermelon is a good companion crop for intercropping with cereals to mitigate the risk of total crop failure due to drought.
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Ningsih, Kustiawati, and Nur Laila. "Kajian sosial ekonomi pada petani garam di wilayah Madura." AGROMIX 12, no. 2 (September 29, 2021): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35891/agx.v12i2.2573.
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As one of the islands in Indonesia , Madura is one of the salt-producing centers in Indonesia , thus earning the nickname as the Salt Island. Therefore, almost 80% of the population in Madura have a livelihood as salt farmers and including salt farmers in Bunder Village, Pademawu District, Pamekasan Regency. However, the weak adoption power of Madura salt farmers in Bunder Village, Pademawu District, Pamekasan Regency to the new technology, namely geomembrane, has a very significant socio-economic impact on salt farmers. So the purpose of this study was to examine the socio-economic conditions of Madura salt farmers in Bunder Village, Pademawu District, Pamekasan Regency. Data were collected through primary data (observations and interviews) and secondary data. The data obtained from the results of the study were processed using qualitative analysis (income analysis) and quantitative analysis (range score analysis of BPS welfare indicators in 2015) to ensure the socio-economic conditions of Madura salt farmers in Bunder Village, Pademawu District, Pamekasan Regency. The results showed that (1) The average monthly income of salt farmers was IDR 1,784,416 per hectare per month (2) The average range score of Madura salt farmers based on the BPS welfare indicators in 2020 was in the poor category.
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Noochdumrong, Adisorn, Teunchai Noochdumrong, and Masahiro Amano. "Farmers in Degraded Forest in Thailand : Their Behavior and Socio-economic Conditions." Journal of Forest Planning 12, no. 1 (2006): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20659/jfp.12.1_23.
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Singh, Amarjeet, and Jaspal Singh. "Impact of farmers’ suicides on social and economic conditions of victim households." Economic Affairs 61, no. 4 (2016): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-4666.2016.00074.7.
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Antošová, A., N. Birčiaková, and J. Stávková. "Income aspects of Czech farmers’ living conditions." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 59, No. 6 (June 12, 2013): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/133/2012-agricecon.
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The paper analyses the income and living conditions of farm households in the Czech Republic. The period under review ware the years of 2005–2010 since more recent data was not available when this paper was being prepared. The primary source of data is the results of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU SILC) survey. The structure of farm households is established by the household type, education, and economic activity. Households have been assigned to particular groups based on the situation of the household leader. The primary indicator is the average disposable income per 1 equivalent member. Other indicators under review include poverty, poverty depth, and material deprivation. The national poverty line has been defined as 60% of the median average equivalent income. Another important aspect also includes the households’ subjective views of the selected matters.
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Cramer, Christopher, Carlos Oya, and John Sender. "Lifting the blinkers: a new view of power, diversity and poverty in Mozambican rural labour markets." Journal of Modern African Studies 46, no. 3 (August 18, 2008): 361–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x08003340.
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ABSTRACTThis paper presents some results from the largest rural labour market survey yet conducted in Mozambique. Evidence from three provinces shows that labour markets have a significant impact on the lives of a large number of poor people, and that employers exercise considerable discretion in setting wages and conditions of casual, seasonal and permanent wage employment. The evidence presented comes from a combination of a quantitative survey based on purposive sampling with other techniques, including interviews with large farmers. The findings contrast with ideas that rural labour markets are of limited relevance to poverty reduction policy formulation in Africa, and the paper concludes with methodological, analytical and policy recommendations.
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Kurnia, Ahmad Willy, Dedy Miswar, Yarmaidi Yarmaidi, Annisa Salsabilla, and Fauziah Aryati. "Social Economic Characteristics Of Farmer Land Sustainable Agriculture Southern Pringsewu Regency." International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies 34, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v34.2.4570.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the socio economic characteristics of farmers land sustainable agriculture in Pringsewu Regency in the southern part. The method used in this research is descriptive method. The population in this study were 493 farmers land sustainable agriculture in Pringsewu Regency in the southern part. The sample in this study amounted to 74. Data collection techniques using observation, documentation, and interviews. The data analysis technique uses a percentage table as the basis for interpretation and description of the data in making research reports. The results showed the characteristics of the socio-economic conditions of farmers land sustainable agriculture in Pringsewu Regency in the Southern Part (1). A total of 69 with a percentage of 93.2% have a classification of basic education levels, namely (SD and SMP) and 43 elementary school farmers with a percentage of 58.1% and 26 farmers with a percentage of 35.1% (2). A total of 34 farmers with a percentage of 46% have a low income classification. (3) as many as 64 farmers with a percentage of 86.5% have their own house classification. (4) as many as 67 farmers with a percentage of 90.5% occupying houses classified as permanent houses. (5) as many as 60 farmers with a percentage of 87.83% have ownership of valuable goods with a low class classification.
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Shaqiri, Fisnik, and László Vasa. "Efficiency and Sustainability Questions of the Agricultural Production in Kosovo." Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2020-0001.
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AbstractThe paper focuses on comparing the economic features of the EU-28 and agricultural industry of Kosovo and also economic and agricultural conditions with some neighbouring countries based on the statistical analyses in the period of 2012 and 2016. Generally, it can be declared that in Kosovo the employment in agriculture is at a very highly level accompanied with less developed machinery level, in spite of the inflation rate at a low level with high portion of the agricultural land of total land area compared to the cases of other neighbouring countries. The international competitiveness of farmers needs for developing the mechanization is accompanied with increasing subsidies for farmers. The lack of capital, less educated and skilled employees in agricultural industry result into some economic difficulties for the further prosperity of the sector in Kosovo. The possible solutions for the agricultural industry in Kosovo are developing the mechanization, common selling-purchasing of farmers, more activities in agricultural services, secondary activities, increasing the subsidies for farmers, attracting farmers for food manufacturing industries, extending the agricultural advisory network and creation of better credit conditions for farmers.
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Shofiyah, Shofiyah, Risca Permatasari, and Aminatun Aminatun. "The Influence of the Role of Agricultural Extension Agents on the Socio-Economic Conditions of Farmers in "Ngawi" Farmers Groups in Kumpai Batu Atas Village, South Arut District, West Kotawaringin Regency." AGRIFOR 18, no. 1 (March 8, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31293/af.v18i1.4040.
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This research was carried out in Kumpai Batu Atas Village, South Arut District, Kotawaringin Barat Regency. This study aims to determine the influence of the role of agricultural extension agents on the socio-economic conditions of farmers. Data analysis method uses Likert scale, descriptive analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, f-test and determination coefficient. The data collected in this study are primary data and secondary data.The socio-economic conditions of farmers in "ngawi" farmer groups consist of the age of farmers 30-40 years (12%), 41-50 years (24%), 51-60 years (48%); education consists of elementary school (64%), junior high school (32%), S1 (4%); income level range <Rp. 1,500,000 (34%), Rp. 1,500,000 - Rp. 2,500,000 (64%),> Rp. 2,500,000 - Rp. 3,000,000 (12%) and the work of the farmer respondent all (100%) earns a living as farmer. The results showed the hypothesis testing together had a fcount of 0.087 smaller than the value of ftabel of 3.44 which means that Ha was rejected and H0 was accepted, this indicates that the independent variable includes the factors of instructor as educator, facilitator and supervisor together- the same does not affect the dependent variable, namely the socio-economic conditions of the farmers. Based on the results of multiple linear regression analysis obtained equation Y = 1.64 + 0.35 X1 + 0.13 X2 + 0.05 X3 + e which indicates a positive influence between the instructor factors as educators, facilitators and supervisors on the social economic conditions of farmers. The coefficient of determination (R2) obtained shows that 11.1% of socioeconomic conditions can be influenced by the extension factor as an educator, facilitator and supervisor.
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Yuminarti, Umi, Riyanti Isaskar, Agatha Wahyu Widati, and Fahriyah. "Shifting cultivation management to increase economic efficiency in potato farms." Economic Annals-ХХI 194, no. 11-12 (December 27, 2021): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v194-09.
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Farming shifting is one of the cultivation strategies to find the ideal environment. Shifting agriculture is caused by limited knowledge of farmers on environmental conditions for growing plants. This study aims to describe the input variables and shifting cultivation management on the efficiency of potato farming. The research method used is descriptive statistics. The study involved 51 potato farmers in Minyeimemut and Arion villages of Hingk sub-district, Manokwari District, West Papua, Indonesia. Potato commodities cultivated by Arfak farmers are still using a shifting cultivation system. Analysis of the data by quantitative descriptive method with the help of Frontier 4.1 software and the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) approach to reduce the stochastic frontier cost function. The results showed that the average potato production was 296.08 Kg/Season. The average area of land cultivated by farmers is 0.15 Ha, the average use of seeds is 44.41 kg, and the average workforce is 33.08 Working Days (HOK). The cultivation activities of potato farmers show 4.33 years of shifting. Economic efficiency shows potato farming of 0.08548 which means it has a fairly economical category.
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A. O, Tekkara, Kumakech A, Otim G, Alexandrina A, Wamani S, and Turyagyenda L. "SOCIO ECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING BEAN PRODUCTION IN NORTHERN UGANDA." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 7, no. 1 (March 29, 2017): 1009–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v7i1.6027.
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Beans is an important source of proteins and income for poor resource households. However the yied of beans has remained very low in comparion to yields obtained under ideal management conditions. This necessitated the examination of socio-economic factors influencing bean yields of smallholder farmers in eight districts of northern Uganda. A total of 1112 farmers were randomly selected from the study area and the data was subjected to descriptive statistics and regression analysis using IBM SPSS (version 20). The results indicated that 2.3% of variation in beans yield was attributed to amount of seed and acreage planted. The study further revealed that majority of the respondents (81.7%) were practicing farming and most of them were 31-40 years of age (31%). Also, 90.4% and 59.6% of the respondents had bean gardens ranging from 1 to 2 acres and sourced seeds for planting from local market respectively. While 90.4% of the farmers didn't have access to credit, 91.7% actually had access to market information. From the study, majority of the farmers (20.4%) attained yields of either 60 - 120kgs or above 240kgs per acre. It is recommended that, the government’s effort to support agricultural mechanization for increased acreage and productivity be strengthened through private public partnership to quickly reach the smallholder farmers.
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Sharna, Shaima Chowdhury, Asif Reza Anik, Sanzidur Rahman, and Md Abdus Salam. "Impact of Social, Institutional and Environmental Factors on the Adoption of Sustainable Soil Management Practices: An Empirical Analysis from Bangladesh." Land 11, no. 12 (December 5, 2022): 2206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122206.
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This paper explores the determinants of sustainable soil management (SSM) practices among Bangladeshi paddy farmers. Relevant information from 2681 paddy farmers was extracted from the nationally representative Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS 2018–2019) dataset. Four SSM practices were commonly practiced with 37.04% of the sampled farmers adopting at least one SSM practice. ‘Use of organic fertilizer’ was the most common practice, whereas the other three, viz. ‘zero-tillage’, ‘incorporate paddy residue’, and ‘legume cultivation’ were less practiced by the farmers. Econometric analysis revealed that differences in the farmers’ socio-economic conditions, environmental and institutional settings were the main drivers of the SMM practice decisions. Climatic factors were critical in shaping the farmers’ decision to adopt SSM practices. Education, access to information and extension services increased the adoption probability of SSM practices. Improved infrastructure and being located within the economically vulnerable areas (e.g., Feed the Future zone) influenced the farmers’ adoption decision, but the magnitude and direction varied depending on the individual circumstances. The farmers’ socio-economic conditions, e.g., assets and farm size, also had a notable influence on the adoption of SSM practices. Policy implications include strengthening extension services, incorporation of climatic information in education and dissemination of information on SSM practices, particularly to farmers living in vulnerable areas.
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Henley, Michelle D., Robin M. Cook, Anka Bedetti, Jessica Wilmot, Adine Roode, Carlos L. Pereira, João Almeida, and António Alverca. "A Phased Approach to Increase Human Tolerance in Elephant Corridors to Link Protected Areas in Southern Mozambique." Diversity 15, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15010085.
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Pathfinding elephants are moving through human dominated landscapes, often across international boundaries, thereby playing a vital role in connecting protected areas. Their movements are a call to action to not only understand their spatial requirements but to urgently work towards innovative ways to make people’s livelihoods compatible with conservation outcomes so that coexistence and connected landscapes can prevail. We discuss the first three phases of a long-term strategy to conserve elephant corridors whilst incorporating the socio-economic needs of the people that share the landscape with them. We present a comprehensive satellite-tracking history of elephants across two transfrontier conservation areas (TFCA), represented by Great Limpopo- and Lubombo TFCAs and involving four countries (South Africa, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Eswatini) to flag where linking corridors exist. We use innovative cafeteria-style experiments to understand which elephant-unpalatable plants would offer lucrative alternative income streams to farmers living in human–elephant-conflict hotspots. The most suitable unpalatable plants are chosen based not only on whether they are unpalatable to elephants, but also on their life history traits and growth prerequisites. We consider a combination of potential economic values (food, essential oil, medicinal and bee fodder value) to ensure that selected plants would accommodate changing economic markets. Lastly, we highlight the importance of combining food security measures with ensuring people’s safety by means of deploying rapid-response units. By implementing these three phases as part of a longer-term strategy, we draw closer to ensuring the protection of bioregions to achieve biodiversity objectives at a landscape scale.
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Pitrova, Jana, Igor Krejčí, Ladislav Pilar, Pavel Moulis, Jan Rydval, Robert Hlavatý, Tereza Horáková, and Ivana Tichá. "The economic impact of diversification into agritourism." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 23, no. 5 (December 2, 2020): 713–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2020.0076.
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Livestock production often has a crucial role in the overall farm system, especially under unpredictable conditions. In the Czech Republic, cattle farming is stagnating and farmers have to search for additional and alternative sources of income. Diversification strategies often mean that farmers have to find new uses for existing resources (farm buildings, equipment, labor), stepping into the meat processing sector and farm-to-table system or into agritourism. In this paper, we simulate the scenarios representing the potential benefit of diversification into agritourism. The paper adopts the system dynamics approach to model three different sized farms, calibrated with official data. In addition, a management flight simulator is used in an applied case study. In both cases, we evaluate the impact of the agritourism on the economic performance of the farm. In the case study, we also test the scenarios of the impact of coronavirus lockdown. From the long-term perspective, the diversification into agritourism brings the benefit even under the conditions of one season lockdown and improves the economic output of the beef cattle farm more than the farm-to-table strategy.
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Wu, Baixin, Haifeng Yan, and Ao Sun. "Manually Produce Clay-Based Housing Materials in Rural Area." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 2 (January 11, 2017): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n2p104.
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Rural housing materials in developing countries (such as African countries) are mostly (crop) straw for roof cover, soil and tree branch for (round) wall. The houses are small with interior dark. In the case of electricity, mechanical and economic conditions are not allowed, farmers hardly know how to improve housing conditions or create economic benefits by applying manual labour, animal power, land, timber and fuel (firewood or coal). In this article, the method of manually producing baked tiles (for roof cover) and bricks (for wall) are described in detail with a set of historic pictures, which aims to inherit Chinese farmers’ wisdom and diligence (intangible cultural heritage), arouse farmers in developing countries to improve their housing conditions by self reliance, promote the rise and development of rural industry, at the same time, promote the construction of water conservancy project.
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Lucock, Xiaomeng K. S., and Jim L. Moir. "Factors influencing fertiliser and lime decisions on South Island high- and hill-country farms." Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 82 (September 28, 2020): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.443.
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Highlights• Fertiliser and lime decisions by high- and hill-country farmers directly impact on their farm performance, but the factors influencing these decisions are not well understood.
• Factors influencing South Island high- and hill-country farmers’ fertiliser and lime decisions are a complex matrix of both biophysical and socio-economic components, such as costs, location, soil conditions and public perception.
• Factors influencing these farmers’ fertiliser and lime decisions reflect the complex farm systems and the wider socio-economic environment that they operate within. A greater empathy between the farming and non-farming communities will help alleviate some of the challenges faced by these farmers.
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Lalita, Rahma, R. Hanung Ismono, and Fembriarti Erry Prasmatiwi. "KAJIAN SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI KELAPA SAWIT DI KABUPATEN TULANG BAWANG." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agribisnis 7, no. 2 (August 15, 2019): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jiia.v7i2.195-202.
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This study aims to determine the social, economic and welfare level of oil palm farmer households in Tulang Bawang Regency. The study was conducted in August 2017. The research sample was 54 farmers who are divided into two categories, namely 46 farmers of narrow land and 8 farmers of wide land. The data is analyzed by qualitative description. The level of well-being is measured by socio-metric indicators. The results of the study showed that the average farmer respondents in the study area either of narrow land or wide land had good social categories conditions. Income earned by farmers from oil palm farming of narrow land was Rp29,941,900 / year with a contribution of 83.87% and of labor was 3.91% from the available 329 men working day/year. Farmers of the wide area had earned Rp86,165,100/year from oil palm farming with a contribution of 94.65% and of labor was 19.82% of the 329 men working day/year. The level of welfare showed that both of narrow land and large land were in the category of not poor.Key words: economic conditions, oil palm, social conditions, welfare
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Sawicka, Janina, Agnieszka Biernat-Jarka, and Paulina Trębska. "FARMERS’ HOUSEHOLDS ECONOMIC SITUATION IN POLAND IN 2010–2017." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 18, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2019.18.3.34.
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The aim of the research is to assess the financial situation of farm households in Poland in 2010–2017.The analysis of household finances, i.e. the value and structure of income as well as the method of their distribution, was performed. Despite a significant improvement in the living conditions of this group of people, the financial situation of farmers’ families was worse than of those who have other sources of income. Disposable income in households of farmers per person per month in 2017 amounted to PLN 1575.57 and was as much as PLN 420 higher than in the previous year. The ratio of the share of expenditure on food in total expenditure in 2017 was 31%. Aggregated data from studies of household budgets published annually by the Central Statistical Office constituted the basis of the information used as the sources and own surveys carried out in 2017 in 302 farmers households located in the Masovian Voivodeship.
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Rashid, MA, MK Hasan, and MA Matin. "Socio-economic performance of Bt eggplant cultivation in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 2 (July 8, 2018): 187–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v43i2.37313.
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A study was conducted in 35 districts of Bangladesh during 2016-17 winter season for assessing the farm level performance of Bt eggplant in reducing pesticide use, cultivation cost and increase farm income. Five hundred five Bt eggplant farmers were selected purposively and 350 non-Bt eggplant farmers were selected randomly for the study. Net returns per hectare were Tk. 179,602/ha for Bt eggplant as compared to Tk. 29,841/ha for non-Bt eggplant. Pesticides were applied 11 times to Bt eggplant where as it was 41 times to non-Bt eggplant for controlling sucking pests. The Bt eggplant farmers saved 61 percent of the pesticide cost compared to non-Bt eggplant farmers, experienced no losses due to fruit and shoot borer, and received higher net returns. The experience with Bt eggplant technology was good for most of the locations and up to the mark and off course this technology will be significantly improved to their socio-economic conditions in future as reported by the Bt respondents. All Bt and 86% non-Bt farmers wanted to cultivate Bt eggplant in the next year if they can obtain the seeds/seedlings from the research station. For getting higher yield and economic benefits, in the course of technology dissemination, the importance of good production practices must be emphasized.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(2): 187-203, June 2018
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Manuel, Lourenço, Jackelya Araujo Da Silva, and João Domingos Scalon. "Driving factors toward adoption of improved maize varieties in Mozambique. An approach based on generalized estimating equations for spatial structured data / Determinantes da adopção de variedades melhoradas de milho: Uma abordagem baseada em equações de estimação generalizadas para dados com estrutura espacial." Brazilian Journal of Development 8, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 4287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n1-284.
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Maize is one of the main economic crops and staple food in Mozambique. However, despite the importance of the crop in the country, maize productivity is still low due to several factors including low adoption of improved agricultural technologies. This paper aimed to identify the main factors driving adoption of improved maize varieties applying generalized estimating equations (GEE). The motivation for this class of models is due to the fact that adoption of improved maize varieties is a spatial auto correlated variable and the traditional probit and logit models widely applied in studies of adoption of agricultural technologies do not take into account the structure of correlation existing in the response variable. The study uses data from Integrated Agrarian Survey of 2012 (IAI 2012). The proportion of small farmers who adopted improved maize varieties per district was used as response variable and a set of nine variables were used as covariates classified in social, economic, institutional and technologic factors. The spatial auto correlation of the dependent variable was assessed by global and local Moran indexes. Two classes of models were fitted: The traditional logistic regression (logit model) and the generalized estimating equations approach. The inclusion of spatial auto correlation in GEE was carried out inserting the Moran’s index in the working correlation matrix. The results have shown that the GEE approach for spatial lattice data was the best and all factors analysed in the study including the spatial dependency are the main factors driving adoption of improved maize varieties in Mozambique.
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Pickson, Robert Becker, and Ge He. "Smallholder Farmers’ Perceptions, Adaptation Constraints, and Determinants of Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change in Chengdu." SAGE Open 11, no. 3 (July 2021): 215824402110326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211032638.
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This study assessed smallholder farmers’ perceptions, adaptation constraints, and determinants of adaptive capacity to climate change. The study used severity and problem confrontation index estimations to examine the farmers’ perceptions of climate warming and barriers to climate adaptation. The results indicated that the farmers were cognizant of climate change and its adverse impacts on their livelihood. It was evident that most surveyed rice farmers perceived changes in climatic conditions to affect rice production adversely. The farmers claimed that unpredictable weather conditions, limited farm size, inadequate farm labor, scarce water resources, high cost of farm inputs, and insufficient information on weather conditions had impeded their adoption of climate change adaptive strategies. Based on the results of the principal component analysis, economic resources, physical resources, information, human resources, and technology significantly influence smallholder farmers’ responsive ability to climate warming. Therefore, policymakers must design policy frameworks and measures that consider these significant factors explaining farmers’ constraints to climate change adaptation.
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Rifa’i, Aziz Bahtiar, and Fadjar Hari Mardiansjah. "DAMPAK PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN PERTANIAN TERHADAP SOSIAL EKONOMI PETANI SEKITAR LOKASI PERTAMBANGAN BANYU URIP KECAMATAN GAYAM KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO." TATALOKA 20, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.20.1.50-64.
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This study examines the impact of agricultural land use change into a petroleum mining area to farmers’ socioeconomic conditions around petroleum mining project area in Gayam District of Kabupaten Bojonegoro. The analyses used a mix method, using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative approach is used to determine the impact of agricultural land use change on the social and economic aspects with the respondent farmers were supported with a scoring method to determine the condition of socioeconomic vulnerability of farmers, while the qualitative approach carried out through in-depth interviews to some informants who have been affected by the project. The results shows that the presence of the petroleum mining industry has not had a positive impact yet on the farmers’ socioeconomic conditions. By the 700 hectares of agricultural land conversion, the agricultural production capacity of the area tends to decrease, including by the decreasing of the productivity of some agricultural land in a radius of 500 m from the fenceof the mining area as they are affected by the fence’s spotlight. The farmers' income also tends to decrease because of the decreasing of their working hours as the big loss of agricultural land in the area. As a result, many farmers should work outside of the area to search replacement of the arable land. These situations lead to a moderate condition of social and economic vulnerability for the farmers, especially for those who still have sufficient assets to meet the needs of their economic.
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Riso, Vincenzo. "Polana High School. A Modern Building Recovering Case Study in Mozambique." Modern Africa, Tropical Architecture, no. 48 (2013): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/48.a.tak7i27h.
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The Polana High School in Maputo, designed by José João Tinoco and José Forjaz around 1970, is a plain functional building both as regards to the spatial organization of its composing pavilions and as to its construction that is mostly made of exposed reinforced concrete structures and elements. After decades of heavy duty use and an almost absolute lack of maintenance, it recently went through some urgent repair operations. In this sense, it exemplifies what could be today effective conditions regarding economic possibilities and cultural problems to recover Modern heritage in Africa.
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Anzaku, T. A. K., D. A. Anda, and I. B. Umar. "Influence of Socio-Economic Conditions of Farmers on the Control of Insect Pests of Citrus in Benue State, Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 2 (January 17, 2016): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n2p84.
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<p>Despite the significant losses of citrus fruits due to insect pests damage, not all farmers control the menace of these pests. Control of these pests is inevitable for high quality, sustained and increased production of the product and income for the farmers. It is, therefore, imperative in the study to empirically establish the socio-economic variables of citrus farmers influencing the control of citrus insect pests. To achieve this, data collected from a random sample of 50 commercial citrus farmers from the major producing areas of Benue State in 2014, through the use of questionnaire, were analyzed by employing descriptive statistics and logistic regression model. With the exception of age with a coefficient of -.035, which influenced the control of insect pests negatively, the influence of other variables such as education (.362), experience (.159), gender (.992), income from citrus (.002) and income from other enterprises (.001) were positive, although only education and income earned from citrus were significant at 10% and 1% level of probability, respectively. Control of insect pests of citrus can be better achieved by potential and existing farmers if their education and earning from citrus production are continually and simultaneously increased.</p>
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Bielik, P., J. Pokrivčák, V. Jančíková, and M. Beňo. "Natural, production and economic conditions individual farms and enterprises of restructuring in the Slovak Republic." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 48, No. 5 (February 29, 2012): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5304-agricecon.
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In the framework of Slovakia preparation for entering the European Union, there was done a Phare-ACE survey in years 1999–2000. The name of this survey was “Micro-economic analysis of farming households restructuring in pre-accession period to the EU”. This survey was done in two regions of Slovakia, characterized by different natural conditions, production and economic conditions. This project was aiming not only at private farmers but also at other legal entities producing agricultural products. The first monitored group consisted of 412 private farmers, farming in average 43.2 ha of agricultural land. The second group consisted of 150 businesses, having 1,866 ha of agricultural land in average.
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Wojewódzka-Wiewiórska, Agnieszka, Anna Kłoczko-Gajewska, and Piotr Sulewski. "Between the Social and Economic Dimensions of Sustainability in Rural Areas—In Search of Farmers’ Quality of Life." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010148.
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Life quality is an important indicator of sustainable development. Farmers’ quality of life strongly affects the farm’s viability. The main goal of this study was to identify the relationships between three main components of farmers’ quality of life: economic situation, living conditions, and mental comfort. In the first phase of the study, the theoretical model representing potential relationships between quality of life components was constructed, and in the second phase the relationships were verified with the use of the structural equation modelling method. The sample consisted of 600 farmers participating in the Polish Farm Accountancy Data Framework (FADN). In the analyses, data from the FADN database and data obtained during supplementary interviews with farmers were used. The analyses revealed that living conditions are significantly and positively correlated with the economic situation and mental comfort, while mental comfort turned out to be negatively correlated with the economic situation. It was concluded that future agricultural and rural development policies should be more focused on the social dimension of sustainable development than before, particularly considering the fact that a farmer’s higher engagement in the improvement of their family’s economic condition might result in lowering their mental comfort due to the stress and work overload.
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Prethesa Mercy, S., and C. Selva Smiley. "A Study on Economic Conditions of Jasmine Flower Cultivators at Thovalai Village in Thovalai Taluk of Kanyakumari District." Shanlax International Journal of Economics 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v8i1.864.
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Jasmine is one of the oldest fragrant flowers cultivated by man. The flower is used for various purposes viz; making garlands, bouquet, dew rating hair of women and religious offerings. It is also used for the production of jasmine concrete which is used in cosmetics and perfumery industries. More than 80 jasmine spices are found in India of which only three spices are used for commercial cultivation. The objectives are (i) To know about the economic conditions of flower cultivators, (ii) To know about the problems of flower cultivators. Agriculture is being a state subject. Many states have established state marketing boards with representatives of farmers including small and marginal farmers. They should be given more power and provided with the necessary facilities and resources. Unless the farmers themselves become up, on amount of state assistance can substantially improve their economic conditions.
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Joaquim, José Amilton, and Luísa Cerdeira. "FINANCIAL ACCESSIBILITY IN COST-SHARING POLICIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN MOZAMBIQUE." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 9 (September 26, 2020): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i9.2020.1403.
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The massive growth of the student population in higher education institutions has challenged traditional forms of public funding, and cost-sharing policies have been one of the options used by governments. In this sharing, it is important that, depending on the social and economic characteristics of students, issues related to equity and accessibility are safeguarded. This study seeks to understand how cost-sharing policies – taking into account the direct costs of attending higher education, indirect costs, other living expenses and the Mozambicans’ social and economic features – can help or hamper the access to higher education in Mozambique. The selected empirical research contexts encompass eight higher education institutions in the province of Gaza – universities and polytechnics – from the public and private sectors. Empirical data were collected from a questionnaire implemented with higher education students; furthermore, the authors carried out a document analysis on the financing of higher education in Mozambique and worldwide. Allows concluding that, in Mozambique, the cost-sharing model follows a dual-track policy. Also, the part of the financing still ensured by the State is far from meeting the real needs of students and families, due to the high study and living costs, which are well above the students/families’ income. There is no diversification of social support for students, and the only help students have comes from scholarships, whose allocation process is inefficient. This calls into question the issues of higher education equity and accessibility, especially for families with the lowest socio-economic conditions in the country.
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Bai, Attila. "Economic Assessment of Biodiesel Production for Hungarian Farmers." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 1 (May 12, 2002): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/1/3540.
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Utilisation of oil of plant origin as a fuel is gaining acceptance in the European Union and elsewhere. Besides environmental protection, energy saving, and decreasing over-production of food. Additionally, the subsidisation of farmers and the development of rural sub-regions also contribute to its spread. This study specifically focuses on the direct effects biodiesel's raw materials and final products are now having on farmers, while reviewing and quantifying these effects. I have purposely restricted my analysis to these two elements of the biodiesel chain.The biodiesel chain seems to be a great method for improving the economic and social position of participant farmers in many ways. Presently, the profitability of raw materials’ production looks to be the crucal point in the chain, and could be strengthened best with intensive, habitat-specific agrotechnic. It would only be possible to reach a favourable profit margin for farmers if yields reach unrealistic averages or if there is a significant hike of the 2000 producer’s price in the oil plant branch.The main attraction of sunflower- and oilseed rape production lies in the stabilization of market conditions, which is not only gong to appear in oil plant branch but – thanks to the reduction of outputs – also in the cereal branches. Better economic safety for farmers may play a role at least on the same level as in plant production, which involves more risks than profit maximalization.The reduction of the prime cost of biodiesel could be possible through the direct combustion of the whole oilseed plant or its residues or electricity production using them. Whereas energy demand for biodiesel production is low (appr. 5%) but it needs subsidization and the prices of natural gas and electrical energy presently look favourable in Hungary. Additionally harvesting and baling of the residues is technically problematic, which is why their use may seem to be reasonable just over the middle or long term. Another possible factor of cost reduction could be the centralization of some partial operations, which needs serious financial resources to reduce amortization cost per product, provided there be several biodiesel projects near each other during establishment. Creation and operation of a logistical system could also be a good method for improving the viability of the biodiesel chain, in order to optimize transport schedule and distances. However there are also some organizational difficulties in this case.