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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Farm valuation

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Academic literature on the topic 'Farm valuation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Farm valuation"

1

White, Fred C. "Valuation of Intangible Capital in Agriculture." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 27, no. 2 (December 1995): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800028480.

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AbstractThis study examines the valuation of research as intangible capital in agriculture using Tobin's q theory. The market value of public research capital is estimated to be 8.6 times higher than conventional assets. Private research capital is valued 5.2 times higher than conventional assets. The estimated valuation multiplier for all farm assets dropped 1/3 over the last decade. In recent years the valuation multiplier has dropped below a dollar, which indicates the market is undervaluing farm assets.

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Kica, Piotr, and Piotr Szczypa. "Valuation of Livestock in Farms." Problemy Zarządzania - Management Issues 4/2021, no. 94 (December 30, 2021): 118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/1644-9584.94.8.

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Purpose: The aim of this article is to assess the possibility of applying the industry livestock valuation index as proposed by Karolina Pasula during the public defense of the doctoral dissertation “Directions and conditions for the standardization of accounting in agricultural enterprises” as an alternative method of valuation, taking into account sources of information and risk assessment on a farm. Methodology: The research process was divided into three main stages: (1) examining the possibility of applying the industry indicator for measuring biological assets proposed by K. Pasula for the valuation of livestock, i.e. pigs, as exemplified by a selected farm whose undertakings are known to the authors; (2) repeating the study from stage 1 on the valuation of dairy cattle as exemplified by the farm the activities of which are known to the authors; (3) on the basis of the conclusions of stage 1 and stage 2 studies, possible modification of the industry indicator for measuring biological assets, conducting research on a larger group of farms breeding livestock. Findings & value added: The conducted research confirmed the possibility of applying the analyzed ratio in the practice of entities that do not keep accounting books. The obtained results are characterized by high cognitive value as a measure of biological assets in relation to pigs. The valuation based on the industry measurement index in farms takes into account the risk which, as shown in the research, is an important factor influencing the value from the valuation.

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Baum, Rafał, and Magdalena Kozera-Kowalska. "VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL EXTERNALITIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF AN AGRITOURISM FARM." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 3 (June 20, 2019): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2165.

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EU agricultural and agrienvironmental policies design is to improve the provision of environmental public goods and positive externalities (or to reduce negative externalities). In turn, the comprehensive identification and analysis of agricultural external economies involve a need for developing a dedicated valuation methodology. The aim of the article is to review methods of valuation of farm agritourism and an attempt to evaluate the farm’s agrotourism value (based on a case study). Considerations were based on a study of scientific literature and own research. The study focuses on presenting valuation methods for external economies, and proposes a methodology for the valuation of some illustrative positive externalities of agricultural production and of natural environmental resources regarded as public goods. The novelty of the analysis concerns its approach - a transition from theoretical considerations to the operationalization of the problem – the article presents a sample of valuation of the agri-tourism value of a farm, defined as the value of a specific location resulting from the natural beauty of the landscape and leisure services produced by environmental assets. Research (surveys among tourists) was carried out in the selected farm located, in a small village by the Baltic Sea, on the outskirts of a National Park. Analysis of the results indicate that landscape features associated with agricultural activities positively influence the demand for rural tourism. The value estimated by the Travel Cost Method (TCM) amounted to PLN 3,767,325 (approx. EUR 876 thousand). The amount shows the importance of externalities generated by the farm.

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Živělová, I. "Possible approaches to the valuation of a firm." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 50, No. 5 (February 24, 2012): 204–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5190-agricecon.

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Measurement of business performance by using the value of a firm represents a modern tool of financial management. The paper deals with this problem and discusses basic methodological approaches to the determination of farm’s value, especially by means of methods based on the estimation of future revenues.

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Meier, Claudia, and Bernadette Oehen. "Consumers’ Valuation of Farmers’ Varieties for Food System Diversity." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 12, 2019): 7134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247134.

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To increase the diversity in the food system from seed to fork, participatory on-farm breeding schemes have been proposed. For participatory on-farm breeding schemes to be successful, consumers need to be willing to compensate farmers for their efforts in breeding and in diversifying their cultivation. Using vegetables as an example, we investigated whether consumers of four selected European countries liked the idea of having farmers breed their own varieties and whether they would be willing to pay a premium for farmers’ as compared to standard varieties in a supermarket setting. The data was collected in an online survey and a willingness to pay was elicited using a contingent valuation approach. After providing respondents with information about the problem (diversity loss), solution (on-farm breeding), and the benefits of farmers’ varieties, consumers’ acceptance was very high and consumers were willing to pay a small premium. Our findings suggest that farmers’ varieties can be appealing to a wide range of consumers if the appropriate information is provided, as they not only address the increasing demand for more sustainable products but also for more food diversity and tasty products. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine consumer preferences for farmers’ varieties for food system diversity.

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Константинович, А. В., and И. А. Суходолов. "Valuation growing cocktail-type cucumber hybrids in a vertical farm." Kartofel` i ovoshi, no. 12 (December 7, 2021): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25630/pav.2021.97.59.005.

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На сегодняшний день главные искусственные источники освещения растений – натриевые лампы высокого давления. Однако в 2021 году уже во многих тепличных комбинатах РФ и других стран мира активно используют светодиодные лампы с различными спектральными режимами в основном в качестве досвечивания. Анализ научных работ показал, что практически отсутствуют достоверные данные по выращиванию основных тепличных культур в условиях использования только светодиодов без естественного освещения. Это не дает полной объективной картины эффективности использования светодиодных ламп. Цель исследований: определить эффективность применения светодиодных ламп при выращивании коктейльных гибридов огурца при повышенной густоте посадки в условиях вертикальной фермы. Исследования проводили в летне-осеннем и весенне-летнем оборотах в 2020–2021 годах на территории УНПЦ «Овощная опытная станция имени В.И. Эдельштейна» РГАУ – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева в стеклянных теплицах без досвечивания и ООО «Вертикальные фермы» в закрытом помещении без доступа солнечного света (Москва). Объект исследования – гибриды огурца F1 Ларино, F1 Кватрино, F1 Квирк. В теплице выращивали огурец по малообъемной технологии, в качестве субстрата использовали верховой торф. Для облучения растений применяли светодиодные модули производства ООО «Вертикальные фермы» (30 Вт, 50×7,2 см, в рабочем режиме 2,8–2,9 мкМоль/Дж), которые располагались на расстоянии 0,4 м от растений. Облучали растения по 16 часов в сутки. Установлено, что выращивание растений огурца в вертикальных фермах с использованием полноспектральных светодиодных облучателей и густоты посадки 11,4 раст/м2способствует увеличению общей урожайности огурца в сравнении с остекленной теплицей. При выращивании огурца в условиях вертикальной фермы в плодах огурца накапливалось меньшее количество нитратов (102–105 мг/кг), отмечено более высокое количество содержания сахаров (1,90–1,98%) и сухого вещества (6,21–6,28%) по сравнению с плодами, полученными при выращивании в теплице. Перспективно дальнейшее изучение выращивания культуры огурца в вертикальных фермах с использованием светодиодов. Today, the main artificial sources of plant illumination are high pressure sodium lamps. However, in 2021, many greenhouse plants of the Russian Federation and other countries of the world are actively using LED lamps with various spectral modes mainly as additional illumination. The analysis of scientific papers has shown that there is practically no reliable data on the cultivation of the main greenhouse crops in conditions of using only LEDs without natural lighting. This does not give a complete objective picture of the efficiency of using LED lamps. The purpose of the research: to determine the effectiveness of the use of LED lamps in the cultivation of cucumber cocktail hybrids with increased planting density in a vertical farm. The research was carried out in summer-autumn and spring-summer turns in 2020–2021 on the territory of the V.I. Edelstein Vegetable Experimental Station of the K.A. Timiryazev Russian State Agricultural Academy in glass greenhouses without additional illumination and Vertical Farms LLC indoors without access to sunlight (Moscow). The object of research: cucumber hybrids F1 Larino, F1 Kvatrino, F1Kvirk. Cucumber was grown in the greenhouse using low-volume technology, riding peat was used as a substrate. For irradiation of plants, LED modules manufactured by Vertical Farms LLC (30 W, 50×7.2 cm, in operating mode 2.8–2.9 mmol/J) were used, which were located at a distance of 0.4 m from the plants. Plants were irradiated for 16 hours a day. It was found that the cultivation of cucumber plants in vertical farms using full-spectrum LED irradiators and a planting density of 11.4 rast/m2 contributes to an increase in the total yield of cucumber in comparison with a glazed greenhouse. When growing cucumbers in a vertical farm, fewer nitrates (102–105 mg/kg) accumulated in cucumber fruits, a higher amount of sugar content (1.90–1.98%) and dry matter (6.21–6.28%) were noted compared to fruits obtained when grown in a greenhouse. It is promising to further study the cultivation of cucumber culture in vertical farms using LEDs.

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McWilliam, Michael K., Mikkel Friis-Møller, Nicolò Pollini, Katherine Dykes, and Morten Jensen. "A surrogate model of offshore wind farm support structures for wind farm design and financial valuation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2265, no. 4 (May 1, 2022): 042048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/4/042048.

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Abstract In the preliminary phases of offshore wind farm development, very little information on project design are available for supporting financial valuation and site design. In this work, we develop a surrogate model for offshore wind support structure mass for input to techno-economic analysis that is based on a small set of input parameters. Using reference turbines and a broad set of met-ocean conditions, a large design spaced is developed from which a sampling of conditions is used to estimate the dimensions and mass of monopile support structures. The results are parameterized using statistical methods to create a functional model of costs relative to high-level site and technical inputs. To preserve the transparency of the model input-output relationships, a statistical surrogate model is used based on quadratic functions of the inputs. Overall, the rated power and rotor diameter of the turbine has the greatest influence on the mass, followed by the specific power. The water depth was the next most important environmental parameter, followed by wave period. The full surrogate model captures 98.5% of the variance of the monopile mass as a function of the above inputs. We present results related to monopile foundations, but the methodology is flexible and can be applied also in the case of other types of support structures.

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Khan, Mohammad Asif. "Valuation and Pricing of Surface Water Supplies in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 46, no. 4II (December 1, 2007): 939–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v46i4iipp.939-955.

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Pakistan has the largest contiguous, well-articulated, and comprehensive irrigation system in the world, with 3 storage reservoirs, 68 small dams, 19 diversion barrages, and 45 canal commands with 12 Link Canals for inter-basin transfer of water. About 0.1 million outlets supply water to the farmers to irrigate land besides more than 600,000 tubewells. The whole irrigation network commands an area of 45 million acres (18.22 Mha) out of which 79 percent is irrigated by canals or tubewells/wells. More than half of the canal irrigated areas (58 percent) is irrigated perennially and 42 percent nonperennially [NWSR (2002)]. The average annual flow of Indus River System is approximately 151.58 million acre feet (MAF) of which presently 103.81 MAF (128.1 BCM) is being diverted to irrigate farm lands [NWSR (2002)]. The present live storage capacity of the reservoirs is about 12.5 MAF (13 percent of river flows) compared with the original capacity of 15.7 MAF. The hydropower generation is constrained by seasonal inflows to reservoirs and irrigation requirements by Indus River System Authority. The generation dictated by irrigation requirements is the highest in the months of July to October. Little more than half of the diverted flows (55 percent) become available at farm gate, 42 percent infiltrate to groundwater reservoir and balance 3 percent is lost as evaporation. Of the total water that seeps down to the groundwater reservoir, including some 27 percent of farm gate supply through field seepage, nearly 85 percent is being extracted. Groundwater owing its existence to operational canal system, supplies over 40 percent of crop water requirements of the country

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Buckley, Cathal, Tom M. van Rensburg, and Stephen Hynes. "Recreational demand for farm commonage in Ireland: A contingent valuation assessment." Land Use Policy 26, no. 3 (July 2009): 846–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2008.10.013.

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Koundouri, Phoebe, Yiannis Kountouris, and Kyriaki Remoundou. "Valuing a wind farm construction: A contingent valuation study in Greece." Energy Policy 37, no. 5 (May 2009): 1939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.01.036.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Farm valuation"

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Russ, Thomas Harold. "Evaluation of the impact of farm land preservation on the use and valuation of neighboring property." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1995. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Ruto, Eric. "Economic valuation of farm animal genetic resources : methods and applications to indigenous cattle in Kenya." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2004. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/15082/.

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There is increasing global concern about the potential long term consequences of loss of domestic animal diversity. International agreements such as the Convention on Biological Diversity encourage the design of policies that convey economic incentives for conservation of genetic resources employed in agriculture. Of particular interest is the situation in developing countries where on one hand, livestock make the greatest contribution to human livelihoods and food security while on the other, genetic erosion has placed many adapted breeds that survive well in low input agriculture and extreme environments, typical of these countries, at risk of loss. An important goal is the development of policies and strategies for conservation and sustainable utilisation of these resources. Economic valuation tools for farm animal genetic resources (AGR) would contribute to this goal by providing information for decision making. It is from this background that this study, with special reference to indigenous cattle in Kenya, focuses on the nature of values associated with AGR and the methodological approaches that can be used to assign value, as a prerequisite to improved understanding of some of the forces that are driving their decline and designing well targeted economic incentives for their conservation and sustainable management. The empirical approach involves a systematic investigation of preferences over cattle traits and breeds in Kenyan livestock markets. Revealed preference (market transactions) and stated preference (choice experiment) surveys were conducted concurrently amongst the same population of respondents. The results of the two approaches are first compared with the aim of assessing the performance of the stated preference approach in valuing cattle traits through an external test of preference consistency. The choice experiment data is subsequently employed to estimate a series of discrete choice models aimed at characterising heterogeneity in valuations across and within various segments of buyers. The study demonstrates the potential usefulness of choice experiments in valuing genetic traits expressed by livestock and provides empirical evidence to suggest that breed preferences are generally not in favour of indigenous cattle in Kenya. The implications for conservation and breeding policies are drawn.

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Van, der Walt Jacobus. "An analysis of the use of mass appraisal methods for agricultural properties." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/61385.

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Farms are highly heterogeneous and never identical. No two farms are ever alike in terms of (1) the basic resources, land, labour, or capital that are available, (2) the way these resources or factors of production are combined, or (3) in terms of the amounts of various crops and livestock produced. There are numerous factors that influence the price of a farm and some of these factors are not monetary related. This makes the task of the valuer complex, and it increases the possibility of large differences in the estimated market value determined and the actual selling price. The development and use of AVM (Automated Valuation Method) models in the valuation of especially residential property, is a worldwide phenomenon. The majority of AVM models use MRA (Multiple Regression Analysis) as a basis. The accuracy of a MRA relies heavily on the quality and accuracy of the data that are used. Thus, the availability of quality and accurate data has a significant impact on the potential accuracy of a MRA. Accurate MRA valuation estimates will be fair to individual farm owners regarding their municipal tax assessments and it will lead to a wider use of MRAs for the valuation of farms, with the associated benefits of lower valuation costs and speedier valuations, especially by financial institutions. This study analyses the unique and distinctive attributes of farms, which must be taken into account when a MRA model is developed. By following a stepwise regression approach, a regression model is developed which is fairly accurate, but it does not achieve a high level of accuracy. Furthermore, the results of the study show that it is difficult to have enough appropriate and accurate data available to develop a regression analysis for agricultural property to satisfy accuracy requirements. Although it is difficult, it is possible to develop MRA models that are fairly accurate. Therefore, if MRA models are currently used for the municipal valuation of farms, which are not fairly accurate, it should be possible to improve the accuracy. However, maximum accuracy cannot be achieved with MRA models. Thus, it cannot replace a valuation done by a skilled and knowledgeable professional valuer, when maximum accuracy is required.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Construction Economics
MSc
Unrestricted

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Gibson, Heather N. "The relationship between net farm income, cash rents, and land values in Kansas." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19018.

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Master of Science
Department of Agricultural Economics
Mykel R. Taylor
Land value research has been conducted over many decades with efforts being focused on a broad spectrum of topics encompassing many different issues. The research in this thesis will focus on understanding the relationship between net farm income, cash rent, and land value. This research could provide insight and direction in determining future land value behavior. Understanding land prices is important to many different segments of the agricultural industry. Those involved in the industry want to know where land values are going and what the future looks like. Although certain segments may not be directly affected by land value movements, if value decreases the environment of the agriculture industry is changed. Farmers and ranchers are interested in future land values as they make purchase and sale decisions or as they consider future growth of their operation. Agribusinesses understand the affect a decrease in land value would do to farmer’s decisions regarding capital purchases. Additionally, agriculture finance institutions are interested in the future movement of land value as they are concerned about the affects adverse movements in land value would have on their customer’s balance sheet and ultimately their collateral position. In this paper the relationship between land value and cash rent; where land value is a function of historical cash rent and cash rent is a function of net returns to the land will be tested for its’ existence in Kansas. Data were collected for the nine crop reporting districts in Kansas from 1973 through 2012.

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Eves, Alfred Christopher, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, College of Law and Business, and of Construction Property and Planning School. "An analysis of rural land prices :1975-1996." THESIS_CLAB_CPP_Eves_A.xml, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/767.

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The rural land market in Australia is a very complex property market. This complexity is not limited to the volatility of the returns in the rural land market, but also those factors that influence the change inland prices within specific rural property markets. Rural land returns – over the period 1975-1996, there has been higher than the returns achieved from residential and commercial real estate in respective rural areas: traditional farming areas have not provided the same level of returns as developing and marginal farming areas. Economic and financial factors and rural land prices – there is significant correlation between rural land price trends in adjoining areas with similar land use and level of farming development: as the distance between specific rural area increases the correlation between changes in land price decreases. Modelling rural land values – relationship between change in rural land prices and the change in economic factors is more significant in the developing and marginal cropping areas compared to the traditional cropping areas: there is a more significant association between rural land prices and rural economic factors when the economic factors are lagged, rather than contemporaneous. Rural property and valuation implications – rural land sales in one location are generally not an accurate measure of changing prices in another location: factors other than rural economic factors have a greater impact on rural land prices in areas which are closer settled or where alternate non agricultural land uses are available
Master of Commerce (Hons.)

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Quan, Yongxin. "Risk perceptions, importance ranking and a contingency valuation analysis: results from a survey of Quebec producers on farm environmental management." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18204.

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This research studied Quebec producers’ environmental attitudes and perceptions on environmentally friendly practices on farm, such as an environmental management system (EMS), using a survey. The contingency valuation method (CVM) was applied to elicit producers’ mean willingness to accept compensation (WTA) of adopting an EMS on farm, in terms of the percentage of direct costs of implementation. Factors affecting the mean WTA were studied to examine their influences. The results show that Quebec producers adopt environmental practices extensively and face many challenges in agro-environmental management. The results also show that producers have mixed perceptions in the benefits and difficulties of environmentally friendly practices and a negative attitude towards environmental regulations. The mean WTA of Quebec producers is estimated at 79.73%. French speaking and English speaking farmers have the mean WTA of 79.91% and 71.75%, respectively. The regression analysis identifies that producers’ knowledge level on EMS, their attitudes towards the benefits and difficulties, internet access and the use of a computer in farm management are significant variables with respect to the mean WTA.
Cette recherche a pour but l’étude de la perception et l’attitude des producteurs agricoles du Québec sur les pratiques culturales respectueuses de l’environnement tel que le système de la gestion environnementale (SGE) à partir d’un sondage. La méthode l’evaluation contingente est utilisée afin de mesurer la volonté d’accepté la compensation (VAC) d’adopter le systeme de gestion environnementale au sein de l’entreprise en terme de pourcentage de coûts directs d’adoption comme compensation. Dans cette recherche, les facteurs influençant la moyenne de la VAC seront étudiés. Les résultats de l’analyse montrent que bon nombre de producteurs québécois adoptent déjà les pratiques respectueuses de l’environnement et font face à de nombreux défis en gestion agro-environnementale. Ces résultats montrent également que les producteurs confondent leur perception concernant les avantages et les difficultés des pratiques culturales respectueuses de l’environnement et une attitude peu négative envers les lois environnementales. La moyenne de la VAC des agriculteurs québécois est estimé à 79,73%. Les agriculteurs francophones démontre une VAC de 79,91% alors que celui des agriculteurs anglophones est de 71,75%, respectivement. D’après cette étude, le niveau de connaissance des agriculteurs sur le SGE, leurs attitudes envers les avantages et difficultés, l’accès à l’internet et l’usage d’un ordinateur dans la gestion de l’entreprise sont des facteurs significatifs qui influencent la moyenne de la VAC. fr

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Isgin, Tamer. "Valuation of farmland using real options theory : an economic analysis of the impacts of urban development on Ohio farm real estate /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148820355277839.

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Makdisi, Fadi [Verfasser], Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Marggraf, Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Enneking, and Wilhelm [Akademischer Betreuer] Brandes. "Economic Valuation of Farm Animal Welfare - Exploring Consumer Preferences and Willingness-to-Pay for the Welfare of Broilers in Germany / Fadi Makdisi. Gutachter: Rainer Marggraf ; Ulrich Enneking ; Wilhelm Brandes. Betreuer: Rainer Marggraf." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1043718257/34.

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Myran, Ida O'Sullivan, and Caroline Heggelund. "A Comparison of Selected Real Options Valuation Approaches to the Net Present Value Method for an Investment Opportunity in Onshore Wind : An analysis of the specific case of Stokkfjellet Wind Farm, Sør-Trøndelag, Norway." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25761.

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The industry standard among renewable energy companies is to value projects using the traditional discounted cash flow method. Unfortunately, discounted cash flows do not incorporate the value of flexibility. This makes the technique unsuitable for valuing investment opportunities related to wind farm development. Such investments are often highly uncertain, making flexibility valuable.In this thesis we demonstrate the difference between some selected valuation methods, and discuss their suitability for valuing an investment opportunity in a wind power project. The focus is on real options analysis, and our hypothesis is that the use of real options valuation methods will improve the quality of the information available for decision makers, ultimately improving the quality of investment decisions in wind power. The specific wind power project that we value is owned by TrønderEnergi AS, a renewable energy company based in Sør-Trønderlag county in Norway. The project is called Stokkfjellet Wind Farm, and the site is located in Selbu, a municipality in Sør-Trøndelag. TrønderEnergi has applied for a concession to build, and is expecting a decision by the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE) by the end of the summer of 2014.To investigate this investment opportunity, we first consider the practical conditions affecting the investment decision. We move on to briefly present some theory of discounted cash flow analysis and the contingent net present value (NPV) approach. Then, a thorough introduction to real options theory and our assumptions is given, before we explain in detail the application of the binomial lattice and Monte Carlo valuation methods, which take a real options perspective. We next perform the actual valuations, and analyse the results from these as well as the methods used. The conclusions to be drawn are at last discussed.For the development of the Stokkfjellet project, we assume there is uncertainty about events and markets. With events, we mean for example the outcome of the licence application processing by NVE. By market uncertainty we refer to the future development of the prices of power and tradable green certificates. Both prices influence the income from a wind farm directly.For the real options valuations, we have modelled the power price as a mean-reverting process, and the price of tradable green certificates as a geometric Brownian motion. Modelling the electricity price as a mean-reverting process is an advantage as compared to modelling it as a geometric Brownian motion, since electricity prices show a clear tendency to revert back to a long-term level, rather than wander far away from its mean like a random walk. The parameters of the stochastic processes have been estimated from historical electricity price data from January 1 2001 to December 31 2013 for the NO3 Elspot Market available at Nord Pool Spot, and historical prices of tradable green certificates from February 19 2003 to March 5 2014 as listed by NVE. The code developed for the real options valuations has been written in Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) for Excel, and is included in Appendices A-D in this thesis.Throughout the report, we carefully present all the theory needed in order to perform the calculations for the valuations. For the most intricate mathematical discussions, is assumed that the reader is familiar with calculus, some basic statistics and stochastic processes. We have included a brief introduction to the concept of stochastic calculus in Appendix F.Other than discuss each method theoretically, we also compare the methods for practical applications. We find that the most severe problem with discounted cash flows is that the method cannot handle the value of flexibility incorporated in wind projects, which could cause us to grossly undervalue a project when we use this method. The contingent NPV method succeeds in handling the uncertainty related to events, but is not by itself a sufficient tool for solving real options because of problems related to calculating the appropriate discount rate in every stage of the project. The binomial lattice approach avoids this problem by using so-called risk-neutral probabilities, which is a more accurate fashion than choosing a discount rate. The binomial lattice permits us to value the project as a compound option, which is beneficial considering that investments in the Stokkfjellet project are done in stages. This method handles both event and market uncertainty. The Monte Carlo valuation is a simple and flexible method that also exploits risk-neutral pricing. However, it is not straightforward to use Monte Carlo simulations to value compound options. This is a drawback with this method and we have to model the investment opportunity as a single European call option when using this method. In addition, this method does not cope well with event uncertainty. There will always be benefits and drawbacks with every method, thus it is in general better to refer to more than one valuation method when making important investment decisions.The real option we decide to value is the option to invest. We model the real option as a European compound call option and a single European call option for the binomial lattice and Monte Carlo methods, respectively. The investment opportunity is valued at 29 MNOK with the binomial lattice approach, and 47 MNOK with the Monte Carlo method. The difference in the values assigned can be explained by the different option types used to model the project, among other factors. The value of the project has increased from a negative value of -21 MNOK for the contingent NPV. Thus, we demonstrate that valuing the investment opportunity while accounting for flexibility assigns the project a positive value whereas a contingent net present value approach assigns the investment opportunity a negative value. This is critical information that should be considered before making a decision about investing. We therefore recommend that a real options approach to valuing wind projects is adopted by TrønderEnergi.In addition to our conclusions and the recommendations that we suggest in this thesis, we have created a program that is meant to be used by TrønderEnergi for valuing Stokkfjellet Wind Farm as well as other projects that are subject to similar risks and flexibility. The program is easy to use, flexible and effective, and constitutes an important part of the work done in relation to this thesis. This program is to be handed over to TrønderEnergi at the time when this thesis is submitted.

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Baker, Laurence Bruce Bell. "Studies of lease-buy decisions and models for forecasting land prices." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41526.

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The choice between purchasing land or entering into a long-term lease is analyzed using a deterministic cash analysis both from the tenant's and landlord's perspective. It is less financially stressful to start farming through a lease agreement than by purchasing the assets. The lease period of landlord indifference between these choices is determined for each combination of input variables.
Land value and income forecasting models are developed and presented. These models are based on two similar but conceptually different statistical tests. Each test results in different forecasting models which has implications for the use of such models in the future.
Consumption-based asset pricing models are tested using agricultural rental income. These models, although appealing both intuitively and theoretically are found wanting in terms of their formulation as the model results are highly sensitive to the data employed. This concern increases with the level of data aggregation.

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Books on the topic "Farm valuation"

1

Canning, Patrick. Farm buildings and farmland: An analysis of capital formation. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1992.

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Janssen, Larry. South Dakota agricultural land values and rental rates, 1992. Brookings, S.D: Economics Dept., South Dakota State University, 1992.

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Sousa, Manuela de. La terre de France est-elle rentable?: Analyse financière des actifs agricoles face à l'immobilier et à la Bourse. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2005.

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John, Jones. Farm real estate historical series data, 1950. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1985.

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John, Jones. Farm real estate historical series data, 1950-92. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1993.

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Greene, Catherine. Alternative ways to index farm real estate values. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Natural Resource Economics Division, 1987.

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Burgerné, Gimes Anna. A mezőgazdasági földtulajdon és földbérlet. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2002.

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Shaik, Saleem. Nature of dynamic relationships between farm real estate values and federal farm program payments. Fargo, N.D: Dept. of Agribusiness and Applied Economics, Agricultural Experiment Station, North Dakota State University, 2008.

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Barnard, Charles H. Farm real estate values in the United States by counties, 1850-1982. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1987.

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Alberta. MLA Farm Property Assessment Review Committee, ed. Final report and recommendations on farm property assessment issues. [Edmonton: Alberta Municipal Affairs, Local Government Services Division, Assessment Services Branch], 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Farm valuation"

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Moody, Jeremy, and Nick Millard. "Valuation of farm property with vacant possession." In Agricultural Valuations, 87–112. 5th ed. Fifth edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY:: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315559162-12.

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Bigerna, Simona, and Paolo Polinori. "Evaluating an Onshore Wind Farm Enlargement Project: A Contingent Valuation Study in Central Italy." In The Economic Valuation of Green Electricity, 27–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1574-2_2.

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Moody, Jeremy, and Nick Millard. "Farm agency." In Agricultural Valuations, 437–55. 5th ed. Fifth edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY:: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315559162-39.

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Moody, Jeremy, and Nick Millard. "Farm accounting." In Agricultural Valuations, 48–52. 5th ed. Fifth edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY:: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315559162-7.

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Moody, Jeremy, and Nick Millard. "Rent reviews for farm business tenancies." In Agricultural Valuations, 374–78. 5th ed. Fifth edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY:: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315559162-31.

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Bag, Dinabandhu. "How Far the Risk." In Valuation and Volatility, 123–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1135-3_7.

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Snapp, Sieglinde, Yodit Kebede, Eva Wollenberg, Kyle M. Dittmer, Sarah Brickman, Cecelia Egler, and Sadie Shelton. "Delivering Climate Change Outcomes with Agroecology in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Evidence and Actions Needed." In Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation, 531–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_28.

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AbstractThis chapter reviews evidence of the impacts of agroecological farming practices on climate adaptation and mitigation. Farm diversification has the strongest evidence for its impacts on climate change adaptation. The evidence for agroecology’s impact on mitigation in LMICs is modest and emphasises carbon sequestration in soil and biomass. Agroforestry has the strongest body of evidence for impacts on mitigation. Locally relevant solutions produced through participatory processes and the co-creation of knowledge with farmers has improved climate change adaptation and mitigation. Knowledge gaps were found in regard to agricultural climate change mitigation, resilience to extreme weather, and agroecology approaches involving livestock, landscape redesign and multi-scalar analysis. There is a need to assess the performance of agricultural development using an outcome-based approach based on agroecological principles and climate change adaptation and mitigation indicators in order to guide donor and national investment. Moreover, direct investment and the scaling of practices for which the current evidence is strongest are needed. These include: (1) agricultural diversification, agroforestry and local adaptation; (2) increase action around resilience to extreme weather and climate change mitigation outcomes in LMICs and build the capacity of policymakers, scientists and institutions from the global South to work on these issues; and (3) compare the cost-effectiveness and outcomes of agroecology approaches with other agricultural development interventions at multiple scales, including the valuation of environmental and social benefits to better evaluate alternative approaches to sustainable agriculture.

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"Farm Purchase and Valuation." In The Manual of Australian Agriculture, 778–87. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-409-30946-1.50037-3.

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"Valuation and Depreciation of Farm Assets." In Agricultural Finance and Opportunities for Investment and Expansion, 209–20. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3059-6.ch011.

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Assets, especially fixed assets, are obtained at a cost and are used in the course of more than one production period. In line with the method of acquisition of the relevant asset, the need arises that their accurate values are appropriately spread over the lifetime of the asset in question and over the relevant production period. It is against this background that this chapter is devoted to highlighting the concept of asset valuation. The discussions are based on a review of relevant literature. It is concluded that the realistic valuation of assets involved in a farm enterprise is essential in ensuring that enterprise is a going concern. It is recommended that relevant contributions of the farm assets including hoes, machetes, head pans, wheelbarrows, and all should be meticulously and rigorously factored into the costs and returns of the production cycles to give a complete idea of the enterprise as a going concern. Furthermore, farm asset such as land that appreciates in value should be realistically incorporated in the valuation of the production in the farm venture.

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Grene, Nicholas. "Conclusion." In Farming in Modern Irish Literature, 217–22. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861294.003.0010.

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In her memoir, The Crocodile by the Door, Selina Guinness finds herself the caretaker and prospective heir of the Victorian house and substantial hill farm in Rathfarnham, on the outskirts of Dublin, where she had spent years of her childhood with her uncle and grandmother. Following the death of her uncle, she has to calculate the exact acreage of the farm for the purposes of the valuation required for probate and death duties. She walks the place with Susie Kirwan, who (with her husband Joe) has managed and worked the farm on behalf of the Guinness family for fifty years:...

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Conference papers on the topic "Farm valuation"

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Senadheera, S., and E. Warusavitharana. "A Property valuation model to identify thriving real estate opportunities, based on spatial factors." In Independence and interdependence of sustainable spaces. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2022.21.

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Traditional valuation techniques are used to evaluate the value of a property in most developing countries, despite the fact that the world is expanding with new technical developments in every discipline, including spatial science. Traditional techniques are primarily biased on physical and economic variables, but not on spatial variables. As a result, the purpose of this study is to investigate the gap in practice in advanced valuation approaches that can grasp the impact of spatial (geographical) variables on a property's value. In order to experiment it, a valuation model using the Geographical Information System has been created for an urban local area that generates the spatial heterogeneity of property values. Also, a coefficient of correlation analysis was carried out to identify relationship strengths with the property’s value. Results indicated that in the case study area, the strongest impact on property value is from the spatial variables of distance to main city, distance to major “A” class road and breadth of access road in order. Further, a multi linear regression equation has been derived to generate an estimation of each plot’s property assessed value. Ultimately this model could serve as a guidance tool for any real estate party to estimate property values based on spatial variables.

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Khadabadi, Madhur A., and Karen B. Marais. "Value-Centric Approaches to Design, Operations, and Maintenance of Wind Turbines." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63834.

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Wind turbine maintenance is emerging as an unexpectedly high component of turbine operating cost and there is an increasing interest in managing this cost. Here, we present an alternative view of maintenance as a value-driver, and develop an optimization algorithm to maximize the value delivered by maintenance. We model the stochastic deterioration of the turbine in two dimensions: the deterioration rate, and the extent of deterioration, and view maintenance as an operator that moves the turbine to an improved state in which it can generate more power and so earn more revenue. We then use a standard net present value (NPV) approach to calculate the value of the turbine by deducting the costs incurred in the installation, operations and maintenance from the revenue due to the power generation. The application of our model is demonstrated using several scenarios with a focus on blade deterioration. We evaluate the value delivered by implementing blade condition monitoring systems (CMS). A higher fidelity CMS allows the blade state to be determined with higher precision. With this improved state information, an optimal maintenance strategy can be derived. The difference between the value of the turbine with and without CMS can be interpreted as the value of the CMS. The results indicate that a higher fidelity (and more expensive) condition monitoring system (CMS) does not necessarily yield the highest value, and, that there is an optimal level of fidelity that results in maximum value. The contributions of this work are twofold. First, it is a practical approach to wind turbine valuation and operation that takes operating and market conditions into account. This work should therefore be useful to wind farm operators and investors. Second, it shows how the value of a CMS can be explicitly assessed. This work should therefore be useful to CMS manufacturers and wind farm operators.

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Lazarev, V. A. "Preserved Value Approach for Asset Valuation." In Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference "Far East Con" (ISCFEC 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iscfec-18.2019.39.

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Medvedeva, O. E., Z. M. Khasheva, and A. I. Artemenkov. "Valuation of Water Resources of Russia." In Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference "Far East Con" (ISCFEC 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iscfec-18.2019.86.

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Kurakova, O., and A. Orlov. "Methodical and Practical Approaches to Goodwill Valuation." In Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference "Far East Con" (ISCFEC 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iscfec-18.2019.85.

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Zhitlukhina, O. G., and M. A. Iashchuk. "About Valuation of Receivables of Non-Profit Organizations Managing Housing Stock in the Transition to IFRS." In International Scientific Conference "Far East Con" (ISCFEC 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200312.383.

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Crosby, Neil. "Long Term Sustainable Real Estate Appraisals/Valuations - How far have we got in the UK." In 25th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference. European Real Estate Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2018_98.

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Ojukwu, Kelechi, Omowumi Iledare, Joseph Ajienka, Adewale Dosunmu, and Chidi Ibe. "Estimating Fair Market Value of Petroleum Assets in Nigeria: A Risk-Based Approach." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207078-ms.

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Abstract Many independent Nigerian oil & gas companies have emerged over the last decade out ofthe divestments of ageing petroleum assets by multinational oil companies. Thesetransactions are marked by pervasive cases of overvaluation and huge gap in offers that leadto unnecessarily high acquisition costs. Petroleum analysts around the world adopt the Discounted Cashflow Analysis method forestimating present value of future oil production revenues. Unfortunately, project economicsusing conventional analysis does not de-risk the reserves components appropriately oraccount for the excess and political risk premiums. Even when analysts derive the NetPresent Value from conventional evaluation, say at discount rates of say 10% or 15%, theyface the dilemma of extracting offer price from that figure. Some post a conservative offerbased on 50% NPV, while others throw in all the NPV in a scheme to win the bid at all cost. Some also start by guesstimating value by rule of thumb and then offer the NPV that is leftbehind. The decision to offer a given percentage of the NPV is entirely subjective and variesamongst investors and as such does not depict a logical perception of market value, or therisks thereof. Furthermore, by omitting political risk, buyers are invariably ignoring the mostcrucial risk of all. The adoption of different bases of reserves tend to compound the problemby yielding NPVs that are few and far between each other. They are usually based on un-risked ‘proved plus probable’ (2P) reserves, which is highly speculative and unrealistic forvaluation. For the first time, the concerns of high purchase price and offer gaps were debuggedleveraging the new Risk-Based Valuation approach which is based on a modified Discounted Cashflow model. A research deeply investigates the problems first by reconstructing originaltransaction to identify the root causes. Furthermore, the study concludes that buyers arepaying on average 4 times the value and that regulating reserves base is fundamental inorder to minimize offer gaps that sometimes tend to a billion dollars for large deals. Thus, the Risk-Based Discounted Cashflow Analysis technique can help prevent overpricing orunderpricing of Nigerian assets, minimize offer gaps in the market as well as account for theimpact of political risks (or its mitigation) in valuation.

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Maes, Marc A., Michael H. Faber, and Sherif S. Abdelatif. "Consequence and Utility Modeling in Rational Decision Making." In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51511.

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Offshore design and risk assessment are typically marked by far-reaching choices and important one-time decisions. Decision analysis involving large structures, sensitive environments, and difficult operations, requires a very careful formulation of utility and consequences. It is shown in this paper that one of the most important shortcomings of such analyses stems from an incomplete definition of the system, and from the failure to include various “follow-up” consequences. “Follow-up” consequences are, generally speaking, triggered by extreme losses, such as excessive business losses, consequences from unexpected cascade effects, collateral and indirect losses, or other intangible losses. The non-inclusion of such losses occurs either voluntarily or involuntarily. Often the identification and the valuation of follow-up consequences can be prohibitively difficult. For such cases, it is possible to use a simple model based on risk aversion to the consequences associated with extreme discrete hazards during the lifetime of a system. This model is developed in the framework of a lifecycle utility optimization. To add practical value to this model, we also introduce the concept of a Bayesian updating of utility functions. Since utility functions are all about expressing the preferences of expert decision makers, we refer to the Bayesian parameters as “preference” parameters. The paper shows that the approaches developed lead to better and more risk-consistent decision making. An illustrative example is given in the paper, highlighting the significance of the findings.

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Pandey, Vijitashwa. "Flaws Lurking in Engineering Design-Decision Making: The Attribute Set Dissociation Problem." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59628.

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The applicability of theoretical decision analysis, while rationally sound, has eluded mainstream engineering design. A reason commonly overlooked is that basic concepts in decision analysis do not scale naturally to multiple attributes — which are encountered in, by far, most design problems. In this paper, we document a paradox when dealing with transactions involving multiple attributes. We show the possibility of a money pump where if we dissociate part of an attribute from a design, the rest of the design can be manipulated to get either a better design or create wealth out of nothing. To reconcile with paradox, it is argued that there is a fundamental problem dealing with multiple attributes where a frame of reference chosen (purposefully) ignores external inputs, assuming that design decisions happen in the vacuum of the frame chosen. For example, in a simple design valuation decision, the money amount committed does not necessarily come from a fixed range of negotiability (upper and lower limits) but is subject to change if significant changes in other attributes are possible. The root cause of this issue is that fungible attributes such as money can form a part of the attribute set or be trivially dissociated from it, if needed. We argue that this is rational behavior on a decision maker’s part. However, most utility formulations do not model it and lead to the paradox. We call this the attribute dissociation problem. A specific definition is provided as well as implications on design as well as preference elicitation methods are considered. Finally, formulations are presented that avoid this problem and recommendations are provided.

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