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1
Murray, Guy. "Farm health and safety in Australia /." Title page and table of contents only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09HS/09hsm892.pdf.
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Portera, Laura L. "Increasing farm safety using behavioral skills training /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1559853181&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Ibrahim, Mohammed J. "Farm safety and health needs among limited resource farmersin selected counties of North Carolina." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29689.
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The literature illustrates that agriculture continues to be the leader in the nation for accidents. The attitudes and behaviors of farmers and farm workers towards farm equipment and its safe use are major concerns. Farm safety education and research are strongly needed to prevent or reduce farm injuries. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate health and safety problems among limited resource farmers in selected counties of North Carolina. The survey method with a mail questionnaire was used to collect the data. The sample for this study consisted of 297 limited resource farmers in North Carolina.
Selected conclusions drawn from the findings were:
1. The risks associated with limited resource farmers and their workers, such as use of tractors, machinery, and farm chemicals are very high.
2. Farmers between the ages of 36-50 have higher expected injuries compared to other age groups.
3. Training associated with the use of farm tractors, machinery, and personal protective equipment (PPE) is very essential for limited resource farmers.
4. The research suggested that hazards exposed by using tractors without rollover protection structure (ROPS) could result in higher injuries among limited resource farmers and workers.
Selected recommendations:
1. Federal and state governments should give incentives to farmers to encourage them to retrofit ROPS on their old tractors.
2. Mandatory training should be required for small scale or limited resource farmers on utilization of farm equipment operation and personal protective equipment (PPE) utilization.
3. New design of preventive guards and shields that can be easily removed or opened for maintenance and remounted or closed afterward are needed.Ph. D.
4
Whipp, Alexander R. "Youth Farm Safety: Identification of Common Tasks and Availability of Safety and HealthTeaching Resources." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu152414759731944.
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Oden, Derek S. "Harvest of hazards the farm safety movement, 1940-1975." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2006.
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Zhao, Wei. "Defining farm-safety research priorities and adjusting farm insurance premiums by a risk analysis approach." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38620.
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Franklin, Richard Charles. "Epidemiology of Farm Injuries in New South Wales." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1930.
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Injuries to people living and working on farms in New South Wales continue to be a significant burden on the health system, Workers’ Compensation system, agricultural industries and farming families. Strategies to reduce the number and severity of injuries suffered by farmers and people working on farms rely on accurate information. Unfortunately there is no one dataset available to describe the circumstances surrounding farm injuries and the size of this burden in Australia. Hence, a number of different data sources are required to provide a picture of farm injuries. To date, there has been very little critical examination of what value each of these datasets provides to describing farm injuries. This Thesis aimed to: • Undertake surveillance of injuries occurring to people on farms or during agricultural production in NSW using data from an Emergency Department, NSW Hospital Separations information, NSW Workers’ Compensation Claims, and ABS Deaths data. • Critically examine the utility of Emergency Department, Hospital, Workers’ Compensation, and ABS Deaths Data for the surveillance of farm injuries in NSW. • Critically examine data classification systems used in Emergency Department, Hospital, Workers’ Compensation, and ABS Deaths data collections to describe the breadth of farm injuries in NSW. • Define the priority areas for farm injury prevention initiatives in NSW based on the information obtained from the examination of the data from Emergency Department, Hospital, Workers’ Compensation, and ABS Deaths. • Evaluate the effectiveness of the NSW Rollover Protective Structure (ROPS) rebate scheme and examine the utility of the data currently available in NSW to measure the performance of the program. Four datasets, Tamworth Emergency Department, Hospital Separations, Workers’ Compensation and the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Deaths data were used to provide information on the surveillance of farm injuries, describe the breadth of classifications used to describe farm injuries, and define priorities for the prevention of farm injuries. There were 384 farm-related injuries which presented to the Emergency Department at the Tamworth Base Hospital between 1 September 1997 and 31 August 1998. Emergency Department data collected in this study used the Farm Injury Optimal Dataset (FIOD) for classification, which allowed for a comprehensive picture of the circumstances surrounding the injury event. The three most common external causes of injury were related to horses, motorcycles, and animals. Commonly people were working at the time of injury. Children represented 21% of the people injured. The average number of injuries per 100 farms per annum was 34.7. An examination of hospital discharge data for NSW was undertaken for the period 1 July 1992 to 30 June 2000 where the location of the injury was a farm. Classification of cases in this dataset conformed to the International Classification of Disease (ICD) versions 9 and 10. There were 14,490 people who were injured on a farm during the study period. The three most common external causes of injury were motorcycles, animals being ridden and agricultural machinery. Children represented 17% of all farm injury cases. The rate per 1,000 farms ranged from 19 to 42 per annum. An examination of Workers’ Compensation claims for agricultural industries in NSW between 1 July 1992 and 30 June 2001 was undertaken. The ‘Type of Occurrence’ classification system was used to code the claims. There were 24,332 claims of which the majority were males (82%). The incidence of injury / disease in agriculture per annum varied from 37 per 1,000 workers to 73 per 1,000 workers. The rate per 1,000 agricultural establishments varied from 54 to 76. The average cost of a claim was $10,880 and the average time lost per claims was 9.2 weeks. There were 81 deaths and 3,158 permanent disabilities. The three most common agents were sheep / goats (5%), ferrous and non-ferrous metals (5%), crates / cartons / boxes / etc (5%). Using ABS deaths data to examine the deaths of people working and living on farms was limited to males whose occupation was recorded as ‘farmer and farm manager’ and ‘agricultural labourer and related worker’. There were 952 deaths over the period 1 January 1991 and 31 December 2000. The information provided a consistent series of cases over time. Areas where prevention should be directed included motor vehicle accidents; falls; agricultural machinery; other machinery; firearms; poisoning; and drowning. Using any one of the datasets alone to examine people injured on farms not only underestimates the number of people injured, but also misses particular types of agents involved in farm injuries. Each of the datasets used in this Thesis provides a different perspective of farm injury in NSW. By examining the information together, there are a number of areas which are consistently represented in each dataset such as falls and agricultural machinery. While no one dataset provided all the information that would be useful for the prevention of injuries, the available information does provide direction for the development of prevention strategies. The overall weakness of the information provided is that it misses a number of risk factors that contribute to farm injuries such as fatigue and training. The lack of appropriate denominator information also makes it difficult to directly compare the datasets and estimate the size of the problem. There are a number of additional coding categories that could be included in each dataset that would provide a better understanding of the different groups at risk of sustaining an injury on a farm or during agricultural work. These coding categories include activity at time of injury, admission to hospital, and occupation. An example of the use of data to determine the effectiveness of a farm injury prevention program is the ‘NSW Rollover Protective Structure (ROPS) Rebate Scheme’ evaluation. Tractor rollover deaths have been identified as an issue for prevention by Farmsafe Australia; however, such deaths were not identified in any of the datasets used in this Thesis due to coding limitations in the ABS data. In this Thesis information about the evaluation of the ‘NSW ROPS Rebate Scheme’ is presented. The scheme was successful in fitting 10,449 ROPS to tractors and the following lessons were learnt: when providing a rebate, the administration (i.e. sending the cheque) needs to be done well; advertising is important and should be co-ordinated, increase the awareness of the risk(s) the intervention is aiming to prevent and effectiveness of subsequent solution (s); the program should ensure there is an increased awareness of the outcome the intervention is aiming to prevent; if regulation is part of the program, enforcement needs to undertaken; and should address any barriers to uptake. The information provided in this Thesis highlights the substantial burden that farm injury places on the agricultural and rural sector of NSW. While there is no one data source that can describe the circumstances and the burden of farm injuries, the currently available datasets do provide an insight into the circumstances of farm injuries and the burden these injuries place on health, Workers’ Compensation, agricultural industries and farming families.
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Franklin, Richard Charles. "Epidemiology of Farm Injuries in New South Wales." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1930.
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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)Injuries to people living and working on farms in New South Wales continue to be a significant burden on the health system, Workers’ Compensation system, agricultural industries and farming families. Strategies to reduce the number and severity of injuries suffered by farmers and people working on farms rely on accurate information. Unfortunately there is no one dataset available to describe the circumstances surrounding farm injuries and the size of this burden in Australia. Hence, a number of different data sources are required to provide a picture of farm injuries. To date, there has been very little critical examination of what value each of these datasets provides to describing farm injuries. This Thesis aimed to: • Undertake surveillance of injuries occurring to people on farms or during agricultural production in NSW using data from an Emergency Department, NSW Hospital Separations information, NSW Workers’ Compensation Claims, and ABS Deaths data. • Critically examine the utility of Emergency Department, Hospital, Workers’ Compensation, and ABS Deaths Data for the surveillance of farm injuries in NSW. • Critically examine data classification systems used in Emergency Department, Hospital, Workers’ Compensation, and ABS Deaths data collections to describe the breadth of farm injuries in NSW. • Define the priority areas for farm injury prevention initiatives in NSW based on the information obtained from the examination of the data from Emergency Department, Hospital, Workers’ Compensation, and ABS Deaths. • Evaluate the effectiveness of the NSW Rollover Protective Structure (ROPS) rebate scheme and examine the utility of the data currently available in NSW to measure the performance of the program. Four datasets, Tamworth Emergency Department, Hospital Separations, Workers’ Compensation and the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Deaths data were used to provide information on the surveillance of farm injuries, describe the breadth of classifications used to describe farm injuries, and define priorities for the prevention of farm injuries. There were 384 farm-related injuries which presented to the Emergency Department at the Tamworth Base Hospital between 1 September 1997 and 31 August 1998. Emergency Department data collected in this study used the Farm Injury Optimal Dataset (FIOD) for classification, which allowed for a comprehensive picture of the circumstances surrounding the injury event. The three most common external causes of injury were related to horses, motorcycles, and animals. Commonly people were working at the time of injury. Children represented 21% of the people injured. The average number of injuries per 100 farms per annum was 34.7. An examination of hospital discharge data for NSW was undertaken for the period 1 July 1992 to 30 June 2000 where the location of the injury was a farm. Classification of cases in this dataset conformed to the International Classification of Disease (ICD) versions 9 and 10. There were 14,490 people who were injured on a farm during the study period. The three most common external causes of injury were motorcycles, animals being ridden and agricultural machinery. Children represented 17% of all farm injury cases. The rate per 1,000 farms ranged from 19 to 42 per annum. An examination of Workers’ Compensation claims for agricultural industries in NSW between 1 July 1992 and 30 June 2001 was undertaken. The ‘Type of Occurrence’ classification system was used to code the claims. There were 24,332 claims of which the majority were males (82%). The incidence of injury / disease in agriculture per annum varied from 37 per 1,000 workers to 73 per 1,000 workers. The rate per 1,000 agricultural establishments varied from 54 to 76. The average cost of a claim was $10,880 and the average time lost per claims was 9.2 weeks. There were 81 deaths and 3,158 permanent disabilities. The three most common agents were sheep / goats (5%), ferrous and non-ferrous metals (5%), crates / cartons / boxes / etc (5%). Using ABS deaths data to examine the deaths of people working and living on farms was limited to males whose occupation was recorded as ‘farmer and farm manager’ and ‘agricultural labourer and related worker’. There were 952 deaths over the period 1 January 1991 and 31 December 2000. The information provided a consistent series of cases over time. Areas where prevention should be directed included motor vehicle accidents; falls; agricultural machinery; other machinery; firearms; poisoning; and drowning. Using any one of the datasets alone to examine people injured on farms not only underestimates the number of people injured, but also misses particular types of agents involved in farm injuries. Each of the datasets used in this Thesis provides a different perspective of farm injury in NSW. By examining the information together, there are a number of areas which are consistently represented in each dataset such as falls and agricultural machinery. While no one dataset provided all the information that would be useful for the prevention of injuries, the available information does provide direction for the development of prevention strategies. The overall weakness of the information provided is that it misses a number of risk factors that contribute to farm injuries such as fatigue and training. The lack of appropriate denominator information also makes it difficult to directly compare the datasets and estimate the size of the problem. There are a number of additional coding categories that could be included in each dataset that would provide a better understanding of the different groups at risk of sustaining an injury on a farm or during agricultural work. These coding categories include activity at time of injury, admission to hospital, and occupation. An example of the use of data to determine the effectiveness of a farm injury prevention program is the ‘NSW Rollover Protective Structure (ROPS) Rebate Scheme’ evaluation. Tractor rollover deaths have been identified as an issue for prevention by Farmsafe Australia; however, such deaths were not identified in any of the datasets used in this Thesis due to coding limitations in the ABS data. In this Thesis information about the evaluation of the ‘NSW ROPS Rebate Scheme’ is presented. The scheme was successful in fitting 10,449 ROPS to tractors and the following lessons were learnt: when providing a rebate, the administration (i.e. sending the cheque) needs to be done well; advertising is important and should be co-ordinated, increase the awareness of the risk(s) the intervention is aiming to prevent and effectiveness of subsequent solution (s); the program should ensure there is an increased awareness of the outcome the intervention is aiming to prevent; if regulation is part of the program, enforcement needs to undertaken; and should address any barriers to uptake. The information provided in this Thesis highlights the substantial burden that farm injury places on the agricultural and rural sector of NSW. While there is no one data source that can describe the circumstances and the burden of farm injuries, the currently available datasets do provide an insight into the circumstances of farm injuries and the burden these injuries place on health, Workers’ Compensation, agricultural industries and farming families.
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Dantsoho, Abubakar Mahmud. "Risk-based framework for safety management of onshore tank farm operations." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2015. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4496/.
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The onshore tank farm operations has become more useful and handy, as a result of increased international sea-borne trade, particularly, the unprecedented higher volume of petroleum products and hazardous chemicals traffic globally. The onshore tank farm is a facility used for safe discharge, loading and storage of petroleum products and other hazardous chemicals at the ports. It has become an important element in the supply chain system because of the increased universal energy demand and the fact that large number of modern tanker vessel is busy and efficiently moving cargo to different destinations around the world. The tank farm serves as a back-up facility to the ports. However, it has high degree of system-wide challenges of potential major incidents/accidents, as evidenced in various tank farm recorded accidents, which occurred at different times with estimated losses valued in millions of US dollars. The accidents could be catastrophic, leading to deaths, extensive damages and adverse impact on environment. To eliminate or minimize the risk of major incident/accidents, as well as minimize the magnitude and severity, it is acutely urgent to uncover and assess all potential hazards, with a view to adopt the best preventive/mitigative policy direction in the management of this strategic facility. This thesis presents multiple safety/risk assessment approaches, uncertainties treatments and decision making techniques that are capable of finding optimal solutions that will ensure safety of tank farm operations. The standard tools of analysis employed in this tank farm operational risk assessment are Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA), Faulty Tree Analysis (FTA), fuzzy logic, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Firstly, the FMEA-Fuzzy Rule Based (FRB) is applied in Hazard Identification (HAZID) and risk evaluation of tank farm operations. The methodology is utilized to discover five possible causes of catastrophic accidents in tank farm operations. The causes/hazards are described as the automatic shut-down oil safety valve failure, pipe corrosion protection system failure, automatic tank gauge system failure, leak detection device system failure, and secondary containment monitoring system failure. In the risk assessment conducted, the leak detection system failure was identified as the riskiest hazard using the Expected Utility Theory. Consequent upon the need for further investigation, another technique, Fuzzy Fault Tree (FFT), as novel model is used successfully to investigate and understand the causes of the leak detection system failure. The main aim of these two exercises is to assess risks and facilitate proper manage of these risks in tank farm operations, in order to forestall accidents that could cause damage to the facility, workers and the port environment. Nevertheless, the tank farm operations need to be optimized by ensuring the efficiency and safety of all systems and sub-systems through the adoption of best safety management decisions, which is achieved by employing AHP-TOPSIS model. This method is used to solve a complex multi-criteria decision-making problem such as selection of best Safety Control Design (SCD) among various SCDs identified. Finally, the results produced from the developed models and frameworks are summarized and other areas where they can effectively make impacts in HAZID, risk assessment and safety improvement are defined.
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Pollock, Kirrily Suzanne. "The economic cost of farm-related fatalities and the perceptions and management of health and safety on Australiam farms." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/7146.
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Farm-related fatalities are a significant problem in Australian agriculture. Over the period 2001–04, there were 404 fatalities that occurred as a direct consequence of visiting, residing or working on a farm. This research is comprised of two separate, but related components; the economic cost of farm-related fatalities and the farm health and safety study; a qualitative study into farmer perceptions and behaviour relating to farm safety. This study employed a human capital approach to establish the economic costs of farmrelated fatalities to the Australian economy. Fatalities were selected for analysis as they are the most reliable, accurate and comprehensive form of farm injury data available. A study was conducted on 335 farm enterprises to examine farmer perceptions and estimates of performance relating to the culture of safety and their systems and procedures to manage health and safety and major hazards on their farms. Finally, the changes farmers were making to health and safety on their farms, the motivating drivers for those changes, and what they perceived to be the risks and hazards on their farms were also assessed. Modelling of direct and indirect costs associated with farm-related fatalities estimated that the 404 traumatic deaths over the period 2001–04 cost the Australian economy $650.6 million, in 2008 dollars. This equates to 2.7 per cent of the 2008 farm gross domestic product (GDP) due to potentially preventable farm accidents and injuries. The top five agents causing death (tractors, ATVs, drownings, utilities and 2 wheel motorcycles) accounted for exactly half of the fatalities, and 46.7 per cent ($303.5 million) of the economic cost. Significant differences in gender, age and industry were revealed in attitudes and perceptions of farm safety and the management of health and safety and major hazards. Farm enterprises also provided a considerable level of detail on the changes and improvement they had made to farm safety, the reasons and motivations behind those changes, as well as details on what they perceived as the key risks and hazards on their farms. The outcomes of this research have questioned some of the preconceived ideas relating to farmers’ perceptions, attitudes and practices in relation to farm safety and have also identified potential new approaches and target populations for increasing adoption and implementation of farm safety recommendations. The challenge is for farm safety researchers, Farmsafe Australia, work safety authorities, industry and farmer groups and health practitioners to encourage further investment and resources into farm health and safety research, which will enable them to capitalise on these findings and re-evaluate farm safety strategies and initiatives to reduce the level of risk on Australian farms and therefore, the incidence of fatal and non-fatal injury and the cost of to the Australian economy.
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Jackowiak, Jan. "Antemortem inspection of pigs on-farm : impact on food safety and animal welfare." Title page, table of contents and introduction only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ANM/09anmj12.pdf.
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Copy of author's previously published artice inserted. Bibliography: leaves 94-105. Antemortem inspection is a visual health check that has always been done at the abattoir before slaughter to separate pigs that are suffering or that may not be completely suitable for human consumption... The adoption of hazard analysis and critical control point quality assurance systems by the Australian Pig Industry has provided a framework for performance of antemortem inspection on-farm. Producers in three states (Victoria, Queensland and South Australia) were trained to conduct antemortem inspection on-farm, and their efficiency evaluated against antemortem inspection conducted at the abattoir.
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Wyckoff, Christopher David. "Investigation into and design of an automatic restraint system for ROPS-equipped off-road vehicles." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06162009-063505/.
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Li, Xiwei. "Dust problems in animal buildings." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239057.
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Geng, Yang GENG. "Understanding Current On-Farm Storage Systems and Safety Practices of Ohio Cash Grain Operators." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461298325.
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Baker, Paul B., and Luis Carlo. "Agricultural Fumigation Safety Guide for the Arizona Pesticide Applicator Certification." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146424.
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Weyers, Carien. "An occupational health and safety programme for crop farm workers in the mangaung district, Free State." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/77.
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Thesis (D. Tech.) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2006The occupational health and safety of South African farm workers have been largely neglected because of the emphasis specifically put on the industrial environment. Although some studies have been done on the pesticide exposures of farm workers, the occupational health and safety of farm workers have not been studied as a whole and therefore there is no comprehensive occupational health and safety programme for farm workers. The aim of the study was to compile an applicable occupational health and safety programme for crop farm workers in the Mangaung local municipal district. Twenty-five farms in this region were selected and a list that included the different activities on the farms, the number of workers on each farm and the work hours of the workers was completed. The different health and safety hazards and associated risks were identified on each of the selected crop farms. A hazard identification risk assessment (HIRA) was compiled and completed to rate the different health and safety risks. The results of the study indicated that the main activities executed on the farms were preparation and ploughing of land, planting of crops, application of pesticides and the harvesting of crops. The HIRA indicated eleven “high” risks, seven “moderate” risks and only one “low” risk. An applicable overall occupational health and safety programme that included the abovementioned “high, moderate and low” risks was compiled. Individual occupational health and safety programmes for the control of each identified hazard were designed. The suggested occupational health and safety programmes were presented to nine selected crop farm owners and/or managers as an identified focus group. They completed a questionnaire to indicate whether they found the suggested programmes feasible and acceptable. The majority indicated that the programmes were both feasible and acceptable. However, the focus group indicated that training of both farm owners/managers and farm workers in the Mangaung local municipal district is essential. The group further indicated that legislation that forces the farm owner/manager to implement occupational health and safety programmes are necessary. The designed occupational health and safety programme may thus now be implemented with applicable education and training.
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Fox, Shannon. "Worker injuries involving the interaction of cattle, cattle handlers, and farm structures or equipment." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13167.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
J. Ernest Minton
Mitchell Ricketts
Cattle and other livestock have been identified as leading sources of injuries to workers in agriculture. Cattle handling injuries can be serious and often appear to be under-reported [superscript]3,[superscript]4. Many of these injuries involve predictable patterns of interactions among victims, animals, and fixed farmstead structures or gates. There has been some progress toward developing safer facility designs and work procedures, but continuing reports of injuries suggest further efforts are still needed. The present study focused on worker injuries that involved the interaction of three elements: (a) cattle, (b) cattle handlers, and (c) farm structures or equipment—including swinging gates and stationary barriers. The goal of the study was to identify opportunities for injury prevention. The source of injury cases was the Consumer Product Safety Commission’s National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS)[superscript]29,[superscript]45. We believe this is the first report of cattle related injuries based on NEISS data. We selected the NEISS database for this investigation because it includes product codes for many farmstead barriers such as fences, walls, and doors. The database was also selected because it contains brief narratives that help to describe the circumstances of each incident. Predictable interactions between humans, animals, and farm structures led to many of the cattle handling injuries reported in the NEISS database. In almost 30% of cases, cattle pushed workers into structures such as fences, gates, posts, and walls. In another 16-19% of injuries, cattle struck gates and other objects, propelling them at the victims. These percentages are similar to findings reported in previous studies that drew on data from New York hospitals[superscript]10, news reports in the central United States[superscript]5, and workers compensation cases in Colorado[superscript]3,[superscript]4. In all, gates and other physical barriers contributed to about 45% of cattle handling injuries in the present study.
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Jordaan, Marlize. "The prevalence and characterisation of Escherichia coli on fresh produce from selected farms, retail outlets and markets in the Western Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95469.
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Thesis (MSc Food Science)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa is a water scarce country and farmers are forced to irrigate crops with river water. Contamination of South African rivers has been reported and the carry-over of bacteria from river water to produce has been confirmed. Foodborne outbreaks linked to fresh produce are increasing world-wide. A total of 151 fresh produce samples (lettuce, tomatoes, beans, peas, coriander, basil, mint, rocket, thyme, spinach, cabbage, parsley and sprouts) were sourced from small-scale and commercial farms, farmers’ markets and retail outlets. Total coliforms (TC) and E. coli loads on the produce were determined with Colilert-18. Isolates were phenotypically characterised and identified with the API system and the E. coli identification confirmed with uidA PCR. Sixty-three E. coli isolates were identified. Three were not identified as E. coli with the API system but were positive for the uidA gene. The TC loads for the produce from the farms, farmers’ markets and retail outlets were all in the range of log 3 to log 8.38 MPN.100 mL-1. Escherichia coli was found to be most prevalent on produce samples from farmers’ markets with the highest E. coli load (log 7.38 MPN.100 mL-1) on cabbage sampled from a commercial farm. Escherichia coli were present on 8% of the produce samples. The maximum TC and E. coli loads found on the fresh produce were log 8.38 and log 7.38 MPN.100 mL-1, respectively. The lowest risk in terms of TC and E. coli presence and load was observed on fresh produce from retail outlets and the highest risk was on fresh produce from farmers’ markets. Phenotypic dendrograms and a PCA plot were statistically constructed to determine similarity groupings of the isolates and three main E. coli clusters were formed. These three clusters could not be directly linked to a specific produce type or source type. A larger variation E. coli phenotypes was observed present on fresh produce within the three clusters. All E. coli isolates were also subjected to triplex and multiplex PCR analysis to identify their phylogenetic groups and the presence of INPEC and ExPEC strains. Fourteen isolates belonged to genotypic group A0, 11 to A1, 20 to B1, 7 to B23 and 11 to D2. Thus a large variation E. coli genotypes are present but it cannot be linked to a specific source type or produce type. Multiplex PCR testing for INPEC revealed that none of the E. coli isolates were carriers of the INPEC genes. The isolates were also tested for the presence of ExPEC gene sequences: papA, papC, sfa/foc, iutA, kpsMT II and afa/dra. None of the isolates were classified as ExPEC (which required the presence of two or more genes) but three of the isolates did test positive for the presence of the kpsMT II gene. The latter could indicate that potentially pathogenic E. coli can be evolving in the environment and increase the risk of pathogenic E. coli occurring on fresh produce. In conclusion, the presence of E. coli (commensal or pathogenic) on fresh produce is unacceptable according the South African Department of Health. According to this study the identification of E. coli types could not be correlated with the presence of E. coli on the different produce types and thus the presence of E. coli on fresh produce is unpredictable. It is recommended that extensive safety precautions should be in place throughout every step in the production chain from harvest to the consumer’s kitchen to reduce the probability of contamination of fresh produce.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika is ‘n waterskaars land en boere word gedwing om rivier water te gebruik vir gewas besproeiing. Kontaminasie van Suid-Afrikaanse riviere is al telkemale aangemeld en die oordrag van bakterieë vanaf rivierwater na vars produkte is al voorheen bevestig. Voedselverwante uitbrake wat gekoppel is aan vars produkte is besig om wêreldwyd toe te neem. ‘n Totaal van 151 vars produk monsters (blaarslaai, tamaties, boontjies, ertjies, koljander, basilie, kruisement, roket, tiemie, spinasie, kool, pietersielie en spruite) was verkry van klein-skaalse en kommersiële plase, plaasmarkte en kettingwinkels. Totale kolivorme (TK) en E. coli tellings op die vars produkte is bepaal deur middel van Colilert-18. Isolate word fenotipies gekarakteriseer en geïdentifiseer met die API sisteem en die E. coli identifikasie is bevestig met uidA PKR. Drie-en-sestig E. coli isolate is geïdentifiseer. Drie is nie met met die API sisteem as E. coli geklassifiseer nie, maar was wel positief vir die uidA geen. Die TK tellings vir die vars produkte van die plase, plaasmarkte en kettingwinkels was almal in die reeks van log 3 tot log 8.38 MPN.100 mL-1. Escherichia coli teenwoordigheid was die meeste op groente monsters van plaasmarkte, maar die hoogste E. coli telling (log 7.83 MPN.100 mL-1) was op ‘n kool monster van ‘n kommersiële plaas. Escherichia coli was teenwoordig op 8% van die vars produk monsters. Die maksimum TK en E. coli wat teenwoordig was op die vars produkte was log 8.38 en log 7.38 MPN.100 mL-1 onderskeidelik. Die laagste risiko in terme van TK en E. coli teenwoordigheid en tellings is waargeneem op vars produkte van kettingwinkels en die hoogste risiko is op vars produkte van plaasmarkte. Fenotipiese dendrogramme en ‘n PKA plot is statisties gekonstrueer om ooreenstemende groepe van isolate te identifiseer en drie hoof groepe is gevorm. Daar kon geen direkte verband gevind word tussen hierdie drie groepe en ‘n spesifieke produk-tipe of ‘n spesifieke bron-tipe nie. ‘n Groter variasie in E. coli fenotipes teenwoordig op die vars produkte is waargeneem binne die drie groepe. Alle E. coli isolate was onderworpe aan tripleks en multipleks PKR analise om die filogenetiese groep van elke isolaat te bepaal en of enige INPEC of ExPEC stamme teenwoordig is. Veertien isolate behoort aan genotipiese groep A0, 11 aan A1, 20 aan B1, 7 aan B23 en 11 aan D2. Dus is ‘n groot variasie E. coli genotipes teenwoordig maar dit kan nie gekoppel word aan ‘n spesifieke produk-tipe of bron-tipe nie. Multipleks PKR analise vir INPEC het gewys dat geeneen van die E. coli isolate enige INPEC gene dra nie. Die isolate is ook getoets vir die teenwoordigheid van ExPEC geen volgordes: papA, papC, sfa/foc, iutA, kpsMT II en afa/dra. Geeneen van die isolate is geklassifiseer as ExPEC (wat die teenwoordigheid van twee of meer gene vereis) nie, maar drie van die isolate het wel positief getoets vir die teenwoordigheid van die kpsMT II geen. Laasgenoemde kan ‘n aanduiding wees dat potensiële patogeniese E. coli in die omgewing kan ontwikkel en dus dan die risiko van die teenwoordigheid van patogeniese E. coli op vars produkte sal verhoog. Ter afsluiting, die teenwoordigheid van E. coli (nie-patogenies en patogenies) op vars produkte is onaanvaarbaar volgens die Suid-Afrikaanse Departement van Gesondheid. Volgens hierdie studie kan die identifisering van E. coli tipes nie gekorreleer word met die teenwoordigheid van E. coli op verskillende produk-tipes nie en dus is die teenwoordigheid van E. coli op vars produkte onvoorspelbaar. Dit word aanbeveel dat ekstensiewe voorsorgmaatreëls in plek moet wees in elke stap dwarsdeur die produksie ketting, vanaf oestyd tot in die verbruiker se kombuis, om die moontlikheid van vars produk kontaminasie te verminder.
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Faour-Klingbeil, Dima. "The microbiological safety of fresh produce in Lebanon : a holistic 'farm-to-fork chain' approach to evaluate food safety, compliance levels and underlying risk factors." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/8654.
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The consumption of unsafe fresh vegetables has been linked to an increasing number of outbreaks of human infections. In Lebanon, although raw vegetables are major constituents of the national cuisine, studies on the safety of fresh produce are scant. This research employed a holistic approach to identify the different stages of the food chain that contribute to the microbiological risks on fresh produce and the spreading of hazards. A thorough analysis of the institutional and regulatory framework and the socio-political environment showed that the safety of local fresh produce in Lebanon is at risk due to largely unregulated practices and shortfalls in supporting the agricultural environment as influenced by the lack of a political commitment. Microbiological analysis showed that the faecal indicator levels ranged from < 0.7 to 7 log CFU/g (Escherichia coli), 1.69-8.16 log CFU/g (total coliforms) and followed a significantly increasing trend from fields to the post-harvest washing area. At washing areas, Salmonella was detected on lettuce (6.7% of raw vegetables from post-harvest washing areas). This suggested that post-harvest cross-contamination occurs predominantly in the washing stage. At retails, a combination of observation and self-reported data provided an effective tool in assessing knowledge, attitudes and practices. It showed that the food safety knowledge and sanitation practices of food handlers were inadequate, even among the better trained in corporate-managed SMEs. Overall, the microbiological quality of fresh-cut salad vegetables in SMEs was unsatisfactory. The link between Staphylococcus aureus and microorganism levels on fresh salads vegetables and the overall inspection scores could not be established. On the other hand, inspection ratings on individual components, e.g., cleanliness and cross-contamination preventive measures showed significant correlation with Listeria spp. levels. Together, results confirmed that inspection ratings don’t necessary reflect the microbiological safety of fresh vegetables and that the application of control points of risk factors that likely to contribute to microbial contamination in the production environment are essential. The washing methods were limited in their effectiveness to reduce the contamination of parsley with Salmonella. In general, the pre-wash chopping and storing of parsley at 30ºC reduced the decontamination effect of all solutions, including sodium dichloroisocyanurate which was reduced by 1.3 log CFU/g on both intact and chopped leaves stored at 30ºC. In such conditions, the transfer rate of Salmonella from one contaminated parsley to subsequently chopped clean batches on the same cutting board(CB) recorded 60%-64%. Furthermore, the transmission of Salmonella persisted via washed CBs stored at 30°C for 24 h. It is recommended to keep parsley leaves unchopped and stored at 5ºC until wash for an optimum decontamination effect and to apply vigilant sanitation of CBs after use with fresh produce. This research presented important data for quantitative risk assessment for Salmonella in parsley and useful descriptive information to inform decision-makers and educators on microbial hazards associated with fresh produce in Lebanon. It also highlighted the risks areas that require urgent interventions to improve food safety. Considering the complex institutional and political challenges in Lebanon, there is an obvious need to direct development programs and support towards local agriculture production, effective education strategies and growing awareness of consumers and stakeholders on food safety related risks.
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Shitandi, Anakalo A. "Risk factors and control strategies for antibiotic residues in milk at farm level in Kenya /." Uppsala : Dept. of Food Science, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/a458.pdf.
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Qureshi, Umer. "AESTHETIC IMPACTS OF WIND FARM OBSTRUCTION LIGHTING : A STUDY ABOUT AVIATION SAFETY PROTOCOLS, LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY, AND PUBLIC ATTITUDES." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323602.
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The overall purpose of the study was to examine the aesthetic impacts of wind farm obstruction lighting. The research problems investigated in this study were; aviation safety regulations for wind farm obstruction lighting in different countries, obstruction lighting technology, and the public attitudes towards wind farming. The research was designed taking into account the research problems, questions, and the researcher experience. Hence, mixed method approach was employed to collect as much, and as diverse data as possible. The sample was drawn focusing wind energy project developers, operators, and the owners. Seeking to build a detailed narrative, a web-based survey was conducted to gather the thoughts, and opinions of the sample population, in addition, to a thorough literature review conducted earlier. The key findings of this study are that the lighting system should be efficient to operate in terms of technology with least aesthetic impacts. Out-dated wind farm obstruction lighting systems are annoying, and contributes to overall aesthetic impacts that triggers nagetive attitudes towards wind farming. In addition, for wind farms near any aerodrome, infrared integrated into light emitting diodes obstruction lighting have minimal aesthetic impacts. Whereas, the radar-activated obstruction lighting is a better choice for wind farms further away from aerodromes. The study argued that understanding the affecting components of attitudes would give various stakeholders a realistic understanding about attitudes towards wind farming. This study concludes that the optimization of lighting angle, intensity, color, and luminance will help reducing the aesthetic impacts under the prevailing regulations, and mapping affective components of attitudes will help in better understanding the public support towards wind farming.
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Edwards, David Stanley. "Role of farm factors in the development of longitudinally integrated food safety assurance systems for beef and lamb production." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395038.
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Sinkel, Daniel J. "Farm-To-Fork Fresh Produce Food Safety: An Evaluation of Perceptions, Knowledge, and Implementation of Good Agriculture Practices in Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 2016. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1751.
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Farmers’ markets have increasingly become a popular venue for purchase of fresh, locally-grown produce, with the number of farmers’ markets in Kentucky reaching an all-time high of 159 in 2016. Good Agriculture Practices (GAPs) is a program created by the USDA’s Agriculture Marketing Service to function as a food safety audit for small-scale fresh produce growers, such as those who sell fresh produce at local farmers’ markets. However, under the provisions of the Food Safety Modernization Act of 2011, small-scale farmers who sell an average of $25,000 in annual fresh produce sales across the span of three years are exempt from mandatory food safety certification. Many smallscale farmers in Kentucky fall below this threshold, and do not hold food safety certification.
This study had two objectives: to investigate the practices, perceptions, and implementation of GAPs among small-scale Kentucky farmers who sell at farmers’ markets; and to create and evaluate the effectiveness of commodity-specific informational factsheets to disseminate food safety knowledge among small-scale Kentucky farmers. Data from the perceptions, practices, and implementation survey were analyzed from 160 completed surveys of small-scale fresh produce growers on-site at farmers’ markets in 21 counties across the state of Kentucky (see Appendix A). The results were mixed, with 90% of participants indicated familiarity with GAPs, but only 47% opting to practice water quality GAPs and 55% choosing to observe soil amendment GAPs. Participants did report slightly higher compliance with field sanitation (71%) and sanitary facilities (73%) GAPs, but indicated that cost (67%) and time (68%) were significant perceived barriers to completing a GAPs audit on their farm. Participants also failed to identify many sources of potential microbiological contamination, with soil only being identified as a source of pathogenic contamination by 41% of participants and irrigation water identified by 51% of participants. Even fewer participants believed that contamination could result from ice (26%) or refrigeration and cooling (28%). However, most respondents indicated a desire to undergo further GAPs education, and the factsheet evaluation data indicated that the factsheets were highly effective and had resulted in significant GAPs knowledge increases for participants.
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Breedt, Vicky-Lohanzi. "A farm-level economic impact analysis of food safety and quality systems in the South African mango and litchi industry." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12172009-162950/.
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Wild, de Marc Noël. "A VIEW INTO FUTURE POTENTIAL ICE THROW POLICIES AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE YIELD OF A VIRTUAL WIND FARM." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-328214.
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There is a growth of wind power development in icing climates, in which ice accumulation on objects takes place. This leads to specific challenges including ice throw, the detachment of ice from wind turbine blades. The lack of understanding of the ice throw phenomenon among authorities leads to the fact that there is no coherence in the applied ice throw mitigation policies in various countries and regions, which can cause safety- and financial hazards for wind farms in icing climates. This research focusses on ice throw risk mitigation methods and their effect on a wind farms yield. Qualitative research is applied, interviewing six experts in the field of cold climate wind power development. The participants are from academic, public and private research institutions in five countries. The qualitative research focusses on policies that are plausible but non-preferred, as well as preference suggestions from the experts on how to treat the ice throw risks. The non-preferred policies involve shutting down wind farms during icing periods and conditionally allowed operation with applied heating systems. These policy scenarios are applied to a virtual wind farm near Slagnäs, Sweden, in order to indicate the impact on the yield and underline the impact that these policies would have on the turnover of a wind farm in a sever icing climate. The non-preferred policies have a significant impact on the Slagnäs wind farms yield with 2,28% annual yield losses in case of 200 annual icing hours. Apart from the impact on yield, the policies might not reduce the danger of ice throw significantly, as from a standing still turbine, detached ice can still travel a horizontal distance of up to one time the turbine height. Therefore, policies should according to the interviewed experts not focus on limitations, however focus on understanding risks and taking appropriate action for risk mitigation. International guidelines are the best tool to create a deeper understanding of ice throw risk assessments and their limitations, as well as an understanding of risk mitigation methods. In this case, the risk assessment process shall be standardised, however the risk mitigation methods shall be site specific.
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Asti, Lindsey. "Evaluating the Efficacy of an Educational Intervention on Childhood Work Safety Practices and Injury Risk for Children Living or Working on a Farm." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1593531435104691.
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Schalau, Bernd, and Yvonne Drewitz. "Erstellung quantitativer Risikoanalysen - Erstellung quantitativer Risikoanalysen für ausgewählte sächsische Betriebe mittels einer durch die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung entwickelten Methodik und Vergleich der Ergebnisse mit den Ergebnissen qualitativer Risikoanalysen auf Basis vorliegender Sicherheitsberichte." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-22880.
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Für zwei ausgewählte sächsische Betriebe wurden quantitative Risikoanalysen auf der Grundlage der vorliegenden Sicherheitsberichte mit einem von der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) entwickelten Verfahren erstellt. Nach der Darstellung von bekannten Verfahren zur Durchführung von Risikoanalysen wird die daraus abgeleitete Methodik unter Berücksichtigung der Randbedingungen in Deutschland erläutert.
Nach der Beschreibung der Modelle für die Auswirkungsbetrachtungen werden die möglichen Ansätze für die Bewertung der Auswirkungen von Stoff- und Energiefreisetzungen diskutiert. Ein wesentlicher Teil der Risikoanalyse umfasst die Berechnung der Eintrittshäufigkeiten der Szenarien. Hierfür sind Angaben über die Ausfallhäufigkeit von Anlagenteilen, insbesondere von Störfall verhindernden und -begrenzenden Einrichtungen erforderlich. Ausführlich werden die in der Literatur gefundenen Angaben miteinander verglichen und ein einheitlicher Datensatz für die Berechnungen zusammengestellt.
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Lin, Borchyi. "A HYPERMEDIA SIMULATION THAT TEACHES DEFENSIVE DRIVING SKILLS." UKnowledge, 2006. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/337.
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Because of increased commuter traffic volume on rural roadways collisions between motor vehicles and farm equipment have increased in frequency and severity over the last several years. This study investigated the effects of a multimedia narrative simulation program that taught hazard recognition and promoted defensive driving on rural roadways shared by farm equipment. A companion animated driving game allowed users to practice reaction/stopping time distances with a simulated automobile on a simulated highway when objects appeared suddenly in the path of the automobile. The program and game were delivered by an objective-oriented client/server computer program that also recorded and stored student pre-test, performance, and posttest data.
Prior to the main study a user test and pilot study were conducted. Fifteen instructional systems design graduate students completed the user test to evaluate the study procedures and debug the program. Then, a pilot study sample of 17 rural high school students completed the narrative simulation exercise, the reaction/stopping time game, and the study measures that included a demographic survey, pre- and post measures of predicted reaction/stopping time, recognition of collisions hazard cues, numerical performance scores for the simulation exercise, and tracking logs of each student's performance during the animated raction/stopping time game.
The main study sample included 123 students age 16 years and older who attended four rural and suburban county high schools. The schools were randome assigned to the four treatment conditions, one control and three treatment groups. The treatment group students completed either (a) the multimedia narrative simulation only, (b) the animated reaction time/stopping time game only, or (c) both the multimedia simulation and the reaction time/stopping time game.
As hypothezised, students in the groups that completed the hazard recognition and defensive driving skills performed significantly better on posttests of those skills than students in groups that did not complete the simulation. Compared to students that did not complete the reaction/stopping time game, significantly more students that did complete the game became aware that they could not stop the simulated automobile before hitting an object in its pathway. Yet there was nodifference across the four groups in students' estimates of reaction/stopping time distances.
Limitations of the study are noted and discussed. Recommendations for future studies are proposed.
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Smith, Eugene N. "Skid Loader Noise Exposure Assessment in a Confinement Dairy Barn." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1290038578.
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Sorensen, Julie. "Social marketing for injury prevention : changing risk perceptions and safety-related behaviors among New York farmers." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-18261.
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Denholm, Rachael Ann. "Changes in Antimicrobial Resistance from 1994 to 2011 and Exploring Farm Management Practices Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella on U.S. Beef Feedlots." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492702064126336.
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Ferreira, Laura Roberta de S? "An?lise de prescri??es: determina??o do perfil das inadequa??es e correla??es referentes as prescri??es em uma institui??o de sa?de da cidade de Diamantina / Minas Gerais." UFVJM, 2017. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1736.
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Os erros envolvendo medicamentos podem ocorrer em qualquer fase do processo hospitalar, ou seja, na prescri??o, dispensa??o ou na administra??o. O in?cio do ciclo da medica??o ? a prescri??o, o m?dico deve especificar a terapia e condutas mais adequadas por escrito, levando em considera??o principalmente o uso racional de medicamentos. Quando a prescri??o n?o ? executada de maneira adequada pode contribuir de forma direta com os problemas relacionados a erros de medica??o. O presente trabalho foi realizado em uma Institui??o de sa?de em Diamantina com objetivo de avaliar a efetividade do servi?o realizado pela farm?cia cl?nica; identificar o perfil dos pacientes atendidos pelas cl?nicas m?dica e neurol?gica; os tipos e as frequ?ncias de erros que ocorrem na etapa da prescri??o e identificar os tipos de intera??es medicamentosas e suas frequ?ncias. Ap?s a implanta??o do servi?o de farm?cia cl?nica, em um ano o servi?o de an?lise de prescri??o proporcionou uma queda de +/- 40% das inadequa??es nas prescri??es. O perfil dos pacientes internados nas cl?nicas m?dica e neurol?gica da Institui??o em Diamantina foi de homens idosos que fazem uso de polifarm?cia. E devido ao grande n?mero de medicamentos nas prescri??es, as mesmas apresentaram 66,46% de intera??es medicamentosas, e as intera??es medicamentosas mais frequentes foram do tipo moderada (presentes em 59,76% das prescri??es) e menor (presentes em 20.12% das prescri??es). A inadequa??o mais frequente foi relacionada ao hor?rio de administra??o dos medicamentos. Tamb?m foi verificado que as prescri??es dos pacientes idosos, em sua maioria, apresentaram medicamentos da lista de Beers. Portanto, a realiza??o deste trabalho foi importante para promo??o do uso racional de medicamentos na Institui??o, al?m disso, mostrou a efetividade do servi?o que foi implantado na Institui??o.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Farmac?uticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017.
Mistakes involving medications can occur at any stage of the hospital process, that is, during prescription, dispensing, or administration. The beginning of the medication cycle is the prescription, when physicians must specify the most appropriate therapy and conduct in writing, taking into account the rational use of medications. When prescription is not performed properly, it may contribute directly to problems related to medication errors. The present study was carried out in a health institution in Diamantina, with the objective of: identifying the profile of patients attended by the medical and neurological clinics; The types and frequencies of medication errors that occur in the prescription step; To identify the types of drug interactions and their frequencies; Evaluate the impact of polypharmacy on patient?s health and use the results of the research to analyze the effectiveness of the institution's clinical pharmacy service. The profile of the patients hospitalized in the medical and neurological clinics of the institution in Diamantina was of elderly men who use the polypharmacy, and also, due to the large number of medications in the prescriptions, the most frequent inadequacies were moderate and minor drug interactions. It was also verified that the prescriptions of these patients had, in their majority, medicines found in the list of Beers. After the implementation of the clinical pharmacy service, in one year of the prescription analysis service, a fall of +/- 40% of the inadequacies in the prescriptions of the medical and neurological clinics was observed. Therefore, the accomplishment of this work was important to promote the rational use of drugs in the institution, and in addition, it showed the effectiveness of the service implanted in the institution.
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Lok, Wai-shing. "The food health policy of Hong Kong SAR Government." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23530145.
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Diniz, Rodrigo dos Santos. "Investiga??o farmacoepidemiol?gica do uso do clonazepam no distrito sanit?rio leste em Natal-RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13328.
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-04Prescription errors are the most serious type of medication errors found in the health system. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of clonazepam prescriptions. A descriptive and observational study with retrospective data collection was conducted at 30 community pharmacies in Natal/RN, Brazil, after informed consent was obtained from the pharmacists. A sample of 313 prescription notifications was randomly collected in October 2009. They were analyzed for legible handwriting and completeness. During the study, one researcher, two pharmacists, and one pharmacy undergraduate student evaluated patient and purchaser identification, pharmaceutical form, dosing regimen, administration route, and prescription by generic name. This research was approved by the institutional Ethics Committee. Among the 313 collected notifications, only 44.1% were legible. A total of 55.91% (175/313) had at least one illegible item, 100% contained incomplete information, and 97.12% (304/313) contained one or more abbreviations. The proportion of illegible handwriting related to the patient s identification (p=0.0001) was statistically significantly greater than that related to the drug purchaser s identification (p=0.0004). Contrary to legal requirements, prescriptions with the generic name accounted for 13.42% (42/313) of the total. All the examined notifications were handwritten. Prescription errors, which potentially can have serious consequences, have been evaluated worldwide, although little is known about this subject as it relates to community pharmacies. This study showed high percentages of prescribing problems, which justifies the development of future research about medication errors in community pharmacies and education activities for prescribers
Os erros de prescri??o s?o os mais s?rios tipos de erros de medica??o encontrados no sistema de sa?de. Sendo assim, o principal objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a qualidade das notifica??es de receita de clonazepam. Um estudo descritivo e observacional, com coleta retrospectiva de dados, foi conduzido em 30 farm?cias comunit?rias no munic?pio de Natal/RN, Brasil. Ap?s a obten??o do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido por parte dos farmac?uticos comunit?rios, uma amostra de 313 notifica??es de receita de clonazepam foi aleatoriamente coletada em Outubro de 2009. As notifica??es foram analisadas quanto ? legibilidade e completude de informa??es. Durante o estudo, uma comiss?o, constitu?da por um dos pesquisadores, dois farmac?uticos e um estudante de gradua??o em farm?cia, avaliou os seguintes par?metros: identifica??o do paciente e comprador do medicamento, forma farmac?utica, posologia, via de administra??o e prescri??o pela denomina??o gen?rica. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comit? de ?tica em pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Dentre 313 notifica??es de receita de clonazepam coletadas, apenas 44,1% apresentaram-se leg?veis. Um total de 55,91% (175/313) demonstrou pelo menos um dado ileg?vel, 100% continham informa??es incompletas e 97,12% (304/313) possu?am uma ou mais abreviaturas. A propor??o de ilegibilidade relacionada ? caligrafia da identifica??o do paciente (p=0,0001) foi estatisticamente mais significante que a relacionada ? caligrafia da identifica??o do comprador do medicamento (p=0,0004). Contrariando dispositivos legais, a prescri??o pela denomina??o gen?rica ocorreu em apenas 13,42% (42/313) do total. Todas as notifica??es de receita examinadas estavam escritas ? m?o. Os erros de prescri??o, que potencialmente podem levar a s?rias consequ?ncias, t?m sido mundialmente estudados, embora pouco seja conhecido no ?mbito da farm?cia comunit?ria. Esse estudo mostrou elevados percentuais de problemas relacionados ? prescri??o, o que justifica o desenvolvimento de pesquisas futuras sobre erros de medica??o em farm?cias comunit?rias e de atividades de ensino para os prescritores
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Ingremeau, Jean-Jacques. "Méthodologie d’optimisation d’un coeur de réacteur à neutrons rapides, application à l’identification de solutions (combustible, coeur, système) permettant des performances accrues : étude de trois concepts de coeurs refroidis à gaz, à l’aide de l’approche FARM." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112253/document.
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Dans l’étude de tout nouveau réacteur nucléaire, la conception de son cœur est une étape décisive. Or il s’agit d’un problème complexe, qui couple fortement la neutronique, la thermomécanique du combustible et la thermo-hydraulique. Actuellement cette conception se fait par longues itérations successives entre les différentes spécialités. Afin d’optimiser de façon plus globale et complète la conception d’un cœur, une nouvelle démarche appelée FARM (FAst Reactor Methodology) a été développée dans le cadre de la thèse. Elle consiste à établir des modèles simplifiés de neutronique, mécanique et thermo-hydraulique, sous forme analytique ou d’interpolation de calculs de codes de référence, puis à les coupler, de manière à pré-dimensionner automatiquement un cœur à partir de variables d’optimisation. Une fois ce modèle établi, on peut explorer et optimiser directement de nombreux cœurs, à partir d’algorithmes génétiques de façon à améliorer leurs performances (inventaire Plutonium en cycle, …) et leur sûreté (estimateurs de sûreté pour accidents protégés et non-protégés). Une réflexion a également due être menée pour déterminer les performances d’un cœur, ainsi que la façon de prendre en compte la sûreté. Cette nouvelle approche a été utilisée pour optimiser la conception de trois concepts de cœurs de Réacteur à Neutrons Rapides refroidi au Gaz (RNR-G). Tout d’abord, la conception du RNR-G à combustible carbure et à aiguilles en SiC a pu être optimisée. Les résultats ont permis d’une part de démontrer que le cœur de référence issu de la méthode itérative était optimal (c'est-à-dire sur le front de Pareto). D’autre part, l’optimisation a également permis de proposer de nombreux autres cœurs, où en dégradant un estimateur de sûreté ou une performance (sur lesquels des marges étaient disponibles), on améliore les autres performances. Une évolution de ce concept utilisant la nouvelle technologie du buffer, a également été modélisée dans FARM et optimisée. FARM a ainsi permis de proposer les premières images de cœur GFR carbure gainé en SiC utilisant la technologie buffer, et d’estimer leurs performances. Les résultats obtenus montrent que cette innovation permet d’atteindre des cœurs beaucoup plus performants et/ou beaucoup plus « sûrs » (plusieurs profils de cœurs étant proposés). Une troisième application de FARM a été réalisée sur un concept de GFR carbure gainé en Vanadium, où là aussi FARM a proposé les premières images de cœur. Toutefois les grandes incertitudes en jeu ne permettent pas véritablement de conclure sur les performances de ce concept, qui semble prometteur.Ainsi, la faisabilité d’une optimisation globale, couplant les différentes physiques d’un cœur de réacteur nucléaire a été démontrée. Si la méthode ainsi obtenue (FARM) est moins précise que la méthode classique, elle permet d’explorer et d’optimiser beaucoup plus rapidement (en quelques semaines au lieu de quelques mois) un grand nombre de cœurs et est parfaitement adaptée pour l’étape de préconception des cœurs de réacteurs ; d’autres études détaillées permettant ensuite d’affiner l’image de cœur retenueIn the study of any new nuclear reactor, the design of the core is an important step. However designing and optimising a reactor core is quite complex as it involves neutronics, thermal-hydraulics and fuel thermomechanics and usually design of such a system is achieved through an iterative process, involving several different disciplines. In order to solve quickly such a multi-disciplinary system, while observing the appropriate constraints, a new approach has been developed to optimise both the core performance (in-cycle Pu inventory, fuel burn-up, etc…) and the core safety characteristics (safety estimators) of a Fast Neutron Reactor. This new approach, called FARM (FAst Reactor Methodology) uses analytical models and interpolations (Metamodels) from CEA reference codes for neutronics, thermal-hydraulics and fuel behaviour, which are coupled to automatically design a core based on several optimization variables. This global core model is then linked to a genetic algorithm and used to explore and optimise new core designs with improved performance. Consideration has also been given to which parameters can be best used to define the core performance and how safety can be taken into account.This new approach has been used to optimize the design of three concepts of Gas cooled Fast Reactor (GFR). For the first one, using a SiC/SiCf-cladded carbide-fuelled helium-bonded pin, the results demonstrate that the CEA reference core obtained with the traditional iterative method was an optimal core, but among many other possibilities (that is to say on the Pareto front). The optimization also found several other cores which exhibit some improved features at the expense of other safety or performance estimators. An evolution of this concept using a “buffer”, a new technology being developed at CEA, has hence been introduced in FARM. The FARM optimisation produced several core designs using this technology, and estimated their performance. The results obtained show that this innovative feature leads to much higher performing and/or safer cores. The FARM approach has also been applied to a GFR concept using a vanadium cladding. However the large uncertainties involved do not really enable one to evaluate the performance of this promising concept.In summary, the feasibility of a global multi-disciplinary optimization has been demonstrated. Although the resulting method (FARM) is less accurate than the conventional method, it allows fast optimization and permits a large number of cores to be explored quickly, and is ideally suited for the preliminary designs studies before further refinement of the core design
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Soon, Jan Mei. "Extending food safety risk assessments and management to farms." Thesis, Coventry University, 2012. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/21984/.
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Fernandes, Patrícia Fogaça. "Identificação da demanda para a inserção de produtos da agricultura familiar no Programa de Alimentação Escolar do Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/103970.
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O presente trabalho tem como tema a inserção dos produtos da agricultura familiar na alimentação escolar das escolas estaduais do Rio Grande do Sul. No ano de 2009 foi promulgada a Lei n °11.947, a qual traz uma mudança fundamental no desenvolvimento do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE), ao introduzir a obrigatoriedade da aplicação de no mínimo trinta por cento dos recursos financeiros repassados pelo governo federal, na aquisição de alimentos diretamente da agricultura familiar. Essa legislação é exemplo do momento de revalidação e reafirmação do papel do Estado Brasileiro como agente indutor do crescimento econômico e fomentador das atividades produtivas através do oferecimento de políticas públicas que fortaleçam a economia interna, incentivem a comercialização de alimentos da agricultura familiar e, por conseguinte, distribuam a renda de forma mais equitativa, na perspectiva de um desenvolvimento sustentável. Algumas dificuldades para a operacionalização desse processo podem estar indiretamente ligadas ao fato de não existirem estudos sobre o tipo de abastecimento alimentar realizado nos municípios brasileiros em relação à alimentação escolar, e qual seria a verdadeira demanda por alimentos da agricultura familiar, buscando reaproximar a produção e o consumo. Sendo assim, este trabalho apresenta elementos sobre o processo de inserção dos produtos da agricultura familiar na alimentação escolar no RS. É feita a descrição da demanda estimada de alimentos necessária para o abastecimento das escolas estaduais, através da análise dos cardápios calculados pela Secretaria Estadual de Educação para o atendimento das necessidades nutricionais de acordo a legislação vigente, comparando-a com a oferta da agricultura familiar, com base nos dados relativos à produção exclusiva desta categoria, estabelecendo-se a discussão sobre os desafios e as potencialidades deste mercado. Todos os produtos comparados, de forma regionalizada, têm produção suficiente para o atendimento da demanda, sendo que mais da metade destes apresentam menos de um por cento de demanda estimada em relação à sua produção, reafirmando o potencial de produção de alimentos da agricultura familiar para o abastecimento da alimentação escolar. No entanto, devem ser enfrentadas as questões de logística para que regiões com maior demanda possam ser abastecidas por produtores de outras; repensadas as exigências sanitárias e a estrutura de legalização dos empreendimentos, principalmente para alimentos de origem animal e para os agroindustrializados; e fortalecidas as associações e cooperativas para que atendam demandas em maiores escalas. Por fim, verifica-se que as possibilidades de abastecimento das escolas estaduais pela produção familiar do estado dependem de aspectos que envolvem questões que podem ser facilitadas pelo maior apoio governamental nas áreas de assistência técnica e extensão rural, na reformulação das legislações sanitárias, e das exigências de certificação da produção orgânica, na estruturação de espaços de recebimento, armazenamento de alimentos e formas de distribuição destes. Ainda, verifica-se como fundamental nesse processo o envolvimento dos gestores públicos e da sociedade na formatação de parcerias concretas, entre os atores locais e regionais, para a execução do PNAE na perspectiva do desenvolvimento social e econômico, de forma sustentável.This dissertation has as a theme the insertion of family farmers products in the state schools of Rio Grande do Sul. In the year 2009 was created a law n° 11.947 which would have a fundamental change in the Brazilian National School Feeding Program (PNAE – Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar). Nowadays is mandatory at least thirty percent of governmental resources in the acquisition of foods directly from family farmers. This law is considered an example of revalidation and review of the state as a promoter of economic growth and productive activities through the public policies that strengthen the domestic economy encourage the marketing of food from family farmers and therefore distribute income more equitably, in the perspective of sustainable development. Some issues to make this true It could be indirect associated to the fact that we do not have researches about of supply foods used on the schools and which one will be the true demand of foods provided by family famers looking approximate the production with consumption. Therefore, this dissertation presents elements about the insertion of products from family farmers on the school feeding of Rio Grande do Sul. It´s made an estimate demand description of the foods necessary to supply all state schools through of menu analysis made by education state board according current law, comparing it with the offer of family farming, based on data relating to the production of this unique category, setting up the discussion about the challenges and potential of this market. All of these products compared have sufficient production to attend the state demand and more than half of these products have less than one percent of the estimated demand for their production, reaffirming the potential for foods from production family farms for supply of school meals. However, we must considered the logistic problems in order that regions with more demand it could be supplied for farmers from the other regions; rethought sanitary requirements and framework for legalization, a mainly special attention of the animal and rural family agroindustry foods, and strengthen the associations and cooperatives to meet demands in larger scales. Finally, there is the possibility of supplying state schools by family production of the state depends on aspects that involve issues that can be facilitated with greater government support in the areas of technical assistance and rural extension, in the reformulation of sanitary laws, and certification requirements for organic production, in structuring spaces receiving, food storage and distribution of these products. Still, it is essential in this process as the involvement of public officials and society in the formation of concrete partnerships among local and regional actors for the implementation of the Program in perspective of the social, economic and sustainable development.
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Meppelink, Shannon M. "Certified safe farm injuries as they pertain to chronic disease." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4696.
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Cloete, Anya. "Microbial quality and safety of ostrich meat." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3372_1319792808.
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The aim of this study was to determine the quality of slaughtered ostrich meat and to evaluate the ostrich slaughter process, to determine whether ostrich meat are contaminated by the in-house slaughtering practices and if prevalence of microorganisms increase with the succession of the slaughter process. Furthermore, the presence of specific foodborne pathogens and spoilage organisms was explored by means of molecular and conventional methods to determine whether ostrich meat is a source of these microorganisms. Data obtained from this study provides some baseline information that could be used in future studies on system contamination and the extent of downstream processing steps in the production of ostrich meat. Antimicrobial resistance has become a growing area of concern in both human and veterinary medicine, it is therefore necessary that another aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistant pattern of Staphylococcus aureus in ostrich meat in order to establish whether Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from ostrich meat samples show resistance to antibiotics
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Diosdado-De-La-Pena, Maria-Paulina. "Safety externalities of SUVs on passenger cars an analysis of the Peltzman Effect using FARS data /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5812.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 75 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-50).
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Wearaduwa, Vidana Kankanamge Thilani Kaushalya. "Economic Efficiency of Occupational Health and Safety Investments at Agricultural Cooperatives." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28861.
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Industries related to agricultural cooperatives record some of the highest injury rates in the U.S. Therefore, agricultural cooperatives are highly motivated to invest in occupational health and safety (OHS). This thesis examines the economic efficiency of OHS investments at agricultural cooperatives and identifies cooperative characteristics leading to greater economic efficiency of OHS investments. A multiple input-output data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to estimate technical efficiency. The effects of cooperative characteristics on the efficiency of OHS investments are estimated using ordinary least squares, censored regression, truncated regression, and the Simar and Wilson (2007) bootstrap procedure. Results show that the mean technical efficiency score was 0.833. Furthermore, a cooperative?s annual insurance premia has a significant, negative relationship with technical efficiency. In contrast, the experience levels of a cooperative?s top safety person and top managerial person and a location?s total workers employed have significant, positive relationships with efficiency in all estimated models.North Dakota State University. Department of College of Agriculture, Food Systems and Natural Resources
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Cockerill, C. A. "Is there a child health premium for the safety of children on farms? : evidence from valuation and experimental studies." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431642.
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Kotowski, Susan E. "A survey of ergonomic injuries in youth working on farms and an evaluation of several potential interventions." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1212091342.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.Advisor: Kermit G. Davis. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Aug. 3, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: ergonomics; agriculture; biomechanics; farming; youth; equipment; low back. Includes bibliographical references.
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Pinzke, Stefan. "Towards the good work : methods for studying working postures to prevent musculoskeletal disorders with farming as refererence work /." Alnarp : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5471-9.pdf.
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Dailey, Sophia R. "Microbiological Quality of Milk Produced in Urban and Peri-Urban Farms in Central Ethiopia and its Public Health Impact." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1312318255.
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Landim, Isabel Maria Tavares. "Critérios de implementação de uma rede de percursos pedonais de qualidade: o caso de Centro Histórico de Faro." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/12969.
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No atual contexto da sustentabilidade, as políticas públicas Europeias e Nacionais tem vindo a promover estratégias de mobilidade e acessibilidade que dão uma grande enfâse a modos de transporte alternativos ao transporte motorizado individual, como a marcha a pé, com o intuito de melhorar o meio ambiente urbano.
Numa cidade a existência de percursos pedonais acessíveis constitui uma característica fundamental para garantir a vitalidade, a atratividade, a competitividade, a segurança e a convivialidade destes espaços urbanos. Também podem contribuir para uma maior qualidade de vida dos cidadãos, bem como, para processos de inclusão social.
Em consequência, é necessário criar redes pedonais de detenham um conjunto de atributos que lhes garantem qualidade para ser utilizada por todos os cidadãos. Apresentam-se os requisitos técnicos de uma rede pedonal de qualidade, com ênfase para a questão da acessibilidade para todos. A criação e o design de um meio físico acessível devem ser considerados como critério de qualidade, que tornará as deslocações pedonais mais agradáveis não só para idosos e pessoas com deficiência mas para toda a população residente e turistas.
No estudo de caso averigua-se se as características físicas das infraestruturas pedonais, de interesse cultural, localizadas no Centro Histórico de Faro, respeitam as exigências do Decreto-Lei 163/2006 de 8 de Agosto. Formula-se uma metodologia de avaliação da acessibilidade das infraestruturas pedonais através da construção de indicadores de desempenho baseados nesta legislação. O diagnóstico é concretizado através de um modelo de avaliação do grau de conformidade dos espaços e apresentado espacialmente com recurso a um Sistema de Informação Geográfica que constitui um instrumento de apoio à decisão em processos de reabilitação urbana, contribuindo para a escolha de áreas prioritárias de intervenção neste domínio da acessibilidade.
O diagnóstico confirma a existência de infraestruturas pedonais inacessíveis, propõem-se soluções construtivas e conclui-se da necessidade de desencadear processos de requalificação urbana; ABSTRACT: In the current context of sustainability, the European and National public policies has been to promote strategies for mobility and accessibility that give a great emphasis to alternative modes of transport to motorized transport individual, such as hiking, with the aim of improving the urban environment.
In a city the existence of accessible pedestrian routes constitutes an essential feature to ensure the vitality, attractiveness, competitiveness, security and the friendliness of these urban spaces. They can also contribute to a higher quality of life for citizens, as well as for processes of social inclusion.
As a consequence, it is necessary to create pedestrian networks to hold a set of attributes that they guarantee quality to be used by all citizens. There are presented technical requirements of a pedestrian network with quality with emphasis on the issue of accessibility for all. The creation and design of an accessible physical environment should be considered as a criterion of quality, which will make pedestrian dislocations more pleasant not only for the elderly and people with disabilities but for the entire resident population and tourists.
In the case study it is ascertain whether the physical characteristics of pedestrian infrastructures of cultural interest, located in the Historical Center of Faro, comply with the requirements of the Decree-Law 163/2006 of August, the 8th. Therefore, it has been created a methodology for evaluating the accessibility of pedestrian infrastructure through the construction of performance indicators based on this legislation. The diagnosis is achieved through a model of evaluation of the degree of conformity of the spaces and presented spatially with appeal to a Geographical Information System which is a tool to support the decision in processes of urban rehabilitation, thus contributing to the choice of priority areas of intervention in the field of accessibility.
The diagnosis confirms the existence of inaccessible pedestrian infrastructure, we propose constructive solutions and concludes the need to trigger processes of urban redevelopment.
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Turpin, Maria Elena. "A alimentação escolar como vetor de desenvolvimento local e garantia de segurança alimentar e nutricional." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285816.
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Orientador: Walter BelikDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Este trabalho busca avaliar a atual contribuição e as potencialidades do PNAE ¿ Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar, como instrumento para o DL ¿ Desenvolvimento Local por meio de apoio aos agricultores familiares. Da mesma forma procuramos aferir a importância desse programa para a política de SAN ¿ Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. O estudo foi motivado pela magnitude do PNAE e pela necessidade de conhecer melhor as suas conexões com a agricultura familiar, segmento de destacada importância econômica e social e elemento fundamental para o Desenvolvimento Local. A integração de políticas públicas com o foco na agricultura familiar pode ser um modelo efetivo de redução da desigualdade social em uma região. A pesquisa mostrou, comparativamente aos programas latino-americanos, a abrangência e a estabilidade do PNAE como um programa de Estado, e não mais como programa de governo; e a atual estrutura do programa baseada não só em diretrizes claras fundamentadas nos princípios da SAN, mas também na participação social e no fortalecimento da economia local. O estudo também mostrou que a ligação entre a alimentação escolar e a agricultura familiar segue uma trajetória histórica culminando em três aspectos que estão presentes na legislação atual: exigência ao respeito à vocação agrícola e hábitos alimentares regionais; compras dentro dos limites geográficos regionais; e uso de produtos in natura, típicos daquela produção. A análise das tabelas, documentos e experiências do Prêmio Gestor Eficiente da Merenda Escolar de 2006 permitiu avaliar que, embora o PNAE ainda seja pouco estudado como uma política federal integrada, já apresenta incontáveis exemplos de como promover a inserção competitiva da agricultura familiar no mercado institucional, com aumento na apropriação e circulação de riqueza, gerando efeito multiplicador na economia local. Várias ações municipais relativas à alimentação escolar foram identificadas, especialmente as comerciais. A participação no PAA ¿ Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos da agricultura familiar, por exemplo, embora ainda em fase de revisão, apresentou significativos impactos institucionais e organizacionais na produção familiar. As principais iniciativas, geralmente associadas a ações de educação alimentar e contratação de nutricionistas, apesar de não estarem ligadas a uma participação social atuante, foram dirigidas: ao incentivo no uso de máquinas, insumos e infra-estrutura de beneficiamento, a programas de geração de renda, à valorização cultural, à adaptação às normas da vigilância sanitária, à formalização e capacitação; e à organização política, institucional, administrativa e comercial. Quanto à contribuição do PNAE à garantia de SAN, embora ainda seja prematuro afirmar seus impactos por falta de indicadores mais específicos e atualizados, foram constatados indícios de que seu papel é relevante, especialmente para a população mais carente, por meio de ações de educação alimentar e oferta de refeições complementares
Abstract: This study evaluates both the current contribution and potentialities of the National School Feeding Program (PNAE ¿ Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar) as an instrument for local development, by means of supporting family farmers, and its importance on Food Safety and Nutrition (SAN ¿ Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional). The research was motivated by the magnitude of PNAE, and by the need of better knowing its connections with the family-based agriculture, segment of great economical and social importance and fundamental element for the local development. The integrated public policies focusing the family-based agriculture can be an effective model towards the reduction of social inequality in a region. The research showed, comparatively to the Latin-American programs: the extensiveness and stability of PNAE as a State program, and no more as a government one; and the program¿s current structure based not only on clear guidelines¿ principles of SAN, but also on social participation and on the strengthening of the local economy. The dissertation also showed that the connection between the school feeding and the family-based agriculture follows an historical trajectory culminating in three aspects: the demand for respect to the regional agricultural vocation; the purchase inside the regional geographical limits; and the use of in natura products, characteristic of that agriculture. The analysis of the tables, documents and experiences in the 2006 Efficient Manager of School Feeding Award allowed to evaluate that, although PNAE is still not much studied as an integrated federal policy, it already presents countless examples of how to promote the competitive insertion of the family-based agriculture in the institutional market, with increase in the appropriation and circulation of wealth, generating a multiplier effect in the local economy. Many municipal actions concerned about school feeding were identified, especially the commercial ones. The participation of the family-based agriculture in the Program of Food Acquisition (PAA ¿ Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos) - although still in a reviewing phase - has presented significant institutional and organizational impacts in the family production. The main municipal initiatives, usually associated to actions of alimentary education and nutritionists hiring - in spite of not associated to an active social participation - were focused: on the incentive to the use of machines, inputs and improvement infrastructure; on the programs of income generation; on the cultural valorization; on the adaptation to the norms of the sanitary surveillance; on the legalization and training; and on the on the political, institutional, administrative and commercial organization. In terms of the contribution of PNAE to SAN¿s guarantee - although it is yet too early to know its impacts by lack of specific and up-to-date indicators - there were evidences that its role is relevant, especially for the poorest people, through the actions of alimentary education and offer of complementing meals
Mestrado
Economia Agricola e Agraria
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico
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Wiström, Carl. "Barnskyddsarbete i idrottsmiljöer : En intervjustudie om skolans och föreningars hantering av situationer där barn far illa." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-94078.
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Considering the institution of the Convention on the rights of the Child as Swedish law (Regeringskansliet, 2020), now, more than ever, the importance for children to exist and strivein safe environments is highlighted in society. In light of reports on lacking implementation of child rights policies in sport context, this study aimed to contribute with knowledge of schools and sport clubs’ child protection work, to discover how the organizations manage situations where children get hurt. From interviewing physical education teachers from four elementary schools and administrative personnel, board members and sports directors from three sport clubs, a thematic analysis was conducted. The results consisted of three themes of managing: conversing, reporting, and acting. I discuss implications for schools and sport clubs and offer some recommendations based on the current results. I also make suggestions for future research.
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Mpuzu, Misery Sikelwa. "The impact of farmer support programmes on market access of small holder farmers in the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal Provinces." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007140.
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Most smallholder farmers in South Africa are characterized by poor resources such as land, labour and capital while they play an important role in poverty alleviation especially in poor rural areas. Smallholder farmers are increasingly recognized because of their contribution to household food security. The world markets are increasingly being integrated due to globalization and liberalization. As a result, smallholder farmers are facing increasing market competition, not only in international markets but in local markets as well. However, smallholder farmers often face a number of barriers to accessing these markets arising in part from the tightening of food safety and quality standards requiring compliance with phytosanitary and sanitary standards and growing power of supply chain integration. Furthermore, the viability of these smallholder producers is constrained by institutional obstacles which include lack of access to information, high marketing and transaction costs and low quality and lack of critical volume in the absence of bulking up arrangements, etc. These barriers have contributed to the exclusion of smallholder/small-scale farmers from formal markets. In order to address these obstacles and speed up the pace of agrarian reform many support schemes (farmer support programmes) are now being designed to specifically address market access and value chain issues through unique co-innovation arrangements to improve the farmer’s access to profitable international chains. A number of farmer support programmes (FSP) have been implemented in South Africa to reduce the risk of a lack of capacity and a lack of economic and/or financial experience in smallholder farms. Intervention measures have been instituted to these smallholder farmers to assist them to move out of poverty through agricultural production. The aim of this study was to understand the roles played by farmer support programmes in addressing income and welfare levels and sustainability of smallholder farmers in South Africa. Eighty nine (89) farmers were interviewed for this study and almost half (49%) of them received support from various organizations while 51% of the sampled farmers did not receive any support. The study was designed to compare the two groups between the treated and control group to assess the impact of these programmes.Using a Tobit and Propensity Score Matching technique, potential diffusion effects were eliminated between farmers supported by Farmer Support Programmes and farmers that did not belong to support services. The latter was selected from comparable communities with no agricultural support services. Findings from the Tobit regression and propensity score matching are consistent across the two methods, suggesting that being a member of any agricultural support programme has a significant positive impact on income and welfare of smallholder farmers.Farmer Support Programmes and collective marketing activities such as the collection and sale of members’ products appear to have a significant and positive impact on smallholder welfare of those farmers engaged in them. In the second analysis the study tested the types of arrangements that farmers would adopt to market their produce. From the results it was established that those farmers who were supported by institutional arrangements or FSP had better access to markets than those farmers who operated as individuals. Marginal effects are used to show the degree to which farmers chose a particular marketing channel or institutional arrangement that these farmers take when trying to access better paying markets. Then the final analysis is on factors that determine the extent to which collective action contribute to farmers’ income and market access. A number of variables (age, distance to the market, region the farmers are located) were evaluated using the multinomial regression model. Empirical results suggest that among South African cooperatives, those established in KwaZulu-Natal and partly in the Eastern Cape and upon the voluntary initiative of farmers are more sustainable and have access to better paying markets both locally and internationally than the other areas. The results also show that NGO-supported cooperatives have a longer life span than Government controlled cooperatives.
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Trefilová, Helena. "Údržba malého dopravního letounu s využitím metodiky MSG-3." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228368.
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Master’s thesis deals with problems of maintenance of small transport aircraft with application MSG-3 methodology and maintenance plan development. It is aimed at systems and powerplant maintenance. This method is applied on L-410UVP-E20 aircraft. Other parts of this work are assessment of recent situation in maintenance of airplanes, used approaches to maintenance, methods and documentation for maintenance. Last part of this work is practical example of MSG-3 process on assign item and its interpretation.