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Muiruri, Michelle Wambui, Fr Paul Mathenge, and Dr Joseph Ntale. "Management Strategies and The Performance of Youth Agri-Businesses in Kenya: A Case of Farm Africa." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Project Management 5, no. 1 (October 9, 2020): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jepm.454.
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Purpose: The general objective of the study is to assess management strategies and performance of youth agribusinesses in Kenya: case of Farm Africa. Three research objectives were used; to find out the effect of differentiation strategy on the performance of youth led agribusiness at Farm Africa, to establish the effect of cost leadership strategy on the performance of youth led agribusiness at Farm Africa, and to assess the effect of focus strategy on the performance of youth led agribusiness at Farm Africa.Methodology: This study adopted a case study research design. The study population was all the 30 youth who participates in agribusinesses. Census method was then used since the population was manageable. This research study used questionnaires as the primary research instruments for data collection. A statistical tool known as Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20) (Park, 2015) were used for the process of data analysis. The data that was collected was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics and Pearson Correlation analysis method as well as regression analysis.Findings: The study concludes that differentiation costs had positive significant relationship with the performance of agribusinesses at Farm Africa. The study concludes that cost leadership strategy led in the improvement of performance of agribusinesses at Farm Africa. The study concludes that majority of the farmers that were studied adhered to focus strategy because it helped them in improving overall performance of agribusinesses at Farm Africa. The study concludes that finance was a key determining factor in the performance of agribusinesses.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that farmers at Farm Africa need to adhere to product differentiation such that they cannot easily be copied by rivals. The study recommends that farmers should have flexible product costs together with water tight market price strategies that could promote performance. The study recommends that in order to enhance focus strategy, farmers should strive to exploit differences in cost behavior in market segments in order to improve agribusiness performance. The study recommends that policy makers should come up with farmer friendly financial policies that will cushion farmers from high interest rates charged by financial institutions such as MFIs and commercial banks.
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McDonald, Cam, Jeff Corfield, Neil MacLeod, and Shaun Lisson. "Enhancing the impact and sustainability of development strategies with smallholder farmers: participatory engagement, whole farm modelling and farmer-led on-farm research." International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 17, no. 6 (November 2, 2019): 445–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2019.1689063.
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Covey, Jack, Duncan Macqueen, Anna Bolin, and Xiaoting Hou Jones. "Co-producing knowledge: A demand-led, prosperity-focused, research agenda with forest and farm producer organisations." Environmental Science & Policy 124 (October 2021): 336–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2021.07.006.
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Ekahe-Joseph Abua, Ntamu. "EFFECTS OF MARKETING PROMOTION ON FARM PRODUCE IN CROSS RIVER STATE." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 461–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15690.
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Increase in sales is the heartbeat of every marketer. This is achieved very much by promotion. This study evaluated the effect of marketing promotion on farm product in Cross River State . Objectives were raised for the study which led to the raising of research questions. Organically, the following hypotheses were formulated : awareness creation has no positive impact on farm products in Cross River State social media makes no positive impact on farm products in Cross River State branded promotional gifts has no correlation with sales of farm products in Cross River State and customer loyalty makes no positive impact on farm products in Cross River State . Difference in mean statistic was used to test the hypotheses which led to the following findings : awareness creation has positive impact on farm products in Cross River State social media makes positive impact on farm products in Cross River State branded promotional gifts has correlation with sales of farm products in Cross River State and customer loyalty makes positive impact on farm products in Cross River State. It was concluded that farmers can use promotion to push up demand for their farm products. It was recommended that the farmer should maximize awareness creation on his farm products since it makes positive impact on farm products social media should be well utilized by the farmer since it makes positive impact on farm products branded promotional gifts should be well considered by the farmer since it correlates with sales of farm products and customer loyalty should be always exploited by the farmer since it makes positive impact on farm products.
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Fujisaka, Sam. "A Method for Farmer-participatory Research and Technology Transfer: Upland Soil Conservation in the Philippines." Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 4 (October 1989): 423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700015064.
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SUMMARYAlthough viewed as important for on-farm adaptive research, farmer-participation has often been superficial and has not led to meaningful incorporation of farmer perspectives. This paper describes the use of a method involving the understanding of farmers' perceptions in determining priorities for research which integrates the different concerns and contributions of farmers and scientists with the transfer of technology from farmer to farmer.
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Fuentes, Daniel, Jorge Flores, Ariosto Aguilar, and Rodrigo Roblero. "Response of LED lights intensity on lettuce production in a home vertical farm." Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia 39, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): e223920. http://dx.doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n1.20.
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On the market there are several LED lamps that were not designed to produce lettuce, however, they can be purchased at a low cost. In Mexico there is a lack of research on its use in small-scale vertical farms and hydroponic established in urban agriculture. The objective of this work was to measure the response of three commercial lamps with LED lights on the growth and morphogenesis of sangria lettuce grown in a low-cost home vertical farm. The sangria lettuce was subjected to three light intensities with different spectra and photoperiod after 30 days of growth the plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves and fresh weight were measured, and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple comparison method was used through an algorithm designed in Python. According to the results, the highest fresh weight is made for a light intensity of 5700 lux. In the 2100 lux treatment, the highest height of the plant is performed and it was the treatment with the highest energy consumption. The production of lettuce at home is technically feasible, however, in addition to the light intensity, it is necessary to evaluate the quality (wavelengths) from the agronomic point of view.
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Minkoff-Zern, Laura-Anne. "Challenging the Agrarian Imaginary: Farmworker-Led Food Movements and the Potential for Farm Labor Justice." Human Geography 7, no. 1 (March 2014): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861400700107.
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This article addresses the need for more engagement between the alternative food movement and the food labor movement in the United States. Drawing on the notion of agrarian imaginary, I argue for the need to break down divides between producer and consumer, rural and urban, and individual and community based approaches to changing the food system. I contend that farmworker-led consumer-based campaigns and solidarity movements, such as the Coalition of Immokalee Workers’ (CIW) current Campaign for Fair Food, and The United Farmworkers’ historical grape boycotts, successfully work to challenge this imaginary, drawing consumers into movement-based actions. Based on ethnographic fieldwork with farmworkers and farmworker advocates in California and Florida, this research illustrates the possibilities for alternative food movement advocates and coalitions to build upon farmworker-led campaigns and embrace workers as leaders.
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Sutherland, H., J. M. Scott, G. D. Gray, and R. R. Woolaston. "Creating the Cicerone Project: seeking closer engagement between livestock producers, research and extension." Animal Production Science 53, no. 8 (2013): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11162.
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A unique project led by livestock producers, called the Cicerone Project, was undertaken on the Northern Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia, following acknowledgement by those producers of a widening gap between them and research and extension information. The overall aim of the project was to co-learn, through a partnership between livestock producers, research, extension and other specialists, how to improve the profitability and sustainability of grazing enterprises in that region. It was hypothesised that closer engagement would help to guide relevant research efforts and also enhance the adoption of research findings. With the support of industry funding and the collaboration of key research, education and extension partners, the inaugural steering committee of the Cicerone Project commissioned a survey of over 300 land managers in the region to explore their research and adoption needs. The survey identified the most important issues and found a high level of commitment to the formation of this producer-led project. Negotiations between all collaborators led to the creation of a Business Plan prepared as the basis for an initial funding period of 5 years. Subsequent reviews of the project allowed for extensions with associated activities over an additional 4 years. In order to study the key farm management alternatives identified from the producer survey, the Cicerone Project Board decided to adopt an agricultural ecosystem approach which conducted studies using three whole-farmlet systems. The farmlet experiment compared three contiguous farmlets by measuring as many aspects of the farm systems as possible using an approach summarised in the motto adopted by the Cicerone Project of ‘compare–measure–learn–adopt’. A wide range of field days and seminars were held over the duration of the project to deliver the results to the producer members. This paper provides an introduction to a Special Issue containing 24 papers which report on the entirety of the project from planning, to execution, results, and reflections on the value obtained from the many research and extension activities, with particular emphasis on the farming systems trial conducted between 2000 and 2006.
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Pratama, Aldiansyah, and Ma’mun Sutisna. "Analisis Strategi Pengembangan Usaha." Jurnal Riset Bisnis dan Investasi 1, no. 3 (January 26, 2016): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35697/jrbi.v1i3.53.
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In running business poultry broiler, Rancamaya Farm faces many obstacles. Especially is not being able to meet all demand that there are (excess demand). The demand for chicken broiler currently reached 400.783, can be met by Rancamaya Farm is a 288.194. Along with the high education and people's income, then the demand for chicken broiler will progressively increase. This led to opportunities developed farms will increase anyway. The purpose of this research is to analyze the internal and external factors Rancamaya Farm as well as formulate strategies in developing his business. This research uses the qualitative method, as for the quantitative of with regard to internal factors (IFE) matrix, external factors (EFE) Matrix and internal-external (IE). After that, it was back in the analysis using the matrix Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat (SWOT) and architecture strategy. Respondents used in these studies amounted to 7 persons, with consideration of the respondents understand the external and internal condition of the company. The results of this research indicate that the position is located in Rancamaya Farm II which gives recommendations to grow and develop. The strategy that best suits your Rancamaya Farm is a strategy of intensive (market penetration, market development, and product development) or integrative (integration, integration of the back, and the horizontal integration). The results of the SWOT analysis produces 8 business strategic alternatives for Rancamaya Farm which is then poured into 18 work program needs to be done within a period of five years.
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McCown, R. L., L. E. Brennan, and K. A. Parton. "Learning from the historical failure of farm management models to aid management practice. Part 1. The rise and demise of theoretical models of farm economics." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 2 (2006): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05051.
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A potential source of lessons for agricultural modellers aspiring to influence farm decision making is the historical experience of agricultural economists in the field, variously termed ‘Farm Management Research’ or ‘Farm Management’. Although the histories of Farm Management in the USA and in Australia differ significantly, in both cases the field was originally characterised by pragmatic on-farm research by agricultural scientists and later taken over by agricultural economists committed to theory-based economic analysis to enable rational planning and decision making. But in both countries, it became painfully evident to reflective participants that model-based Farm Management was not proving relevant to practical managers of farms. An insightful few went further to conclude not just that theoretical models of practice had not been relevant but that they could not be relevant, and since the late 1970s, the field has been in crisis. In this series of 2 papers, we seek insights that might explain this extraordinary ‘market’ failure of models that generate theoretical best practice as a basis for intervention. As an ‘experiment’, the history of Farm Management is enriched by the discontinuity between 2 ‘eras’ characterised by 2 contrasting intervention approaches, an ‘early’ interactive and pragmatic era and a ‘late’ academic and theoretical era. In this first paper, after a brief history of the early pragmatic era and the ‘take-over’ by economic theorists, we analyse the ‘crisis of relevance’ that led to demise, relying heavily on the remarkable intellectual journey of John Dillon, the first Professor of Farm Management in Australia who turned from being elder economic theoretician to pioneer philosopher of pragmatic Farming Systems Research. The significant turn to Farming Systems Research by disillusioned Farm Management economists in the 1980s was preceded by a turn to another systems approach 2 decades earlier, that of agricultural systems modelling. Learning from the autecology of these significant systems efforts to influence the management of farms is the aim of the second paper in this series.
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Evans, N. J., and B. W. Llbery. "The Pluriactivity, Part-Time Farming, and Farm Diversification Debate." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 25, no. 7 (July 1993): 945–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a250945.
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The current restructuring of agriculture has resulted in many farm families adjusting their business activities as part of a survival or accumulation strategy. Considerable attention has been paid to the nonconventional methods farm businesses employ to raise income, being conceptualised variously as ‘farm diversification’, ‘part-time farming’ and ‘pluriactivity’ . These terms incorporate a complex multitude of possible options, the nature of which has led to significant differences in the interpretations of such concepts. In the first part of this paper the conceptual debate which is emerging in the literature is reviewed, with some advantages and disadvantages associated with each term highlighted. It is suggested that an analytical distinction between farm-centred diversification and off-farm employment, within the broader pluriactivity of farm households, can help to provide a focus for empirical work. To provide an illustrative example, some insights from the developing political economy of agriculture are drawn upon to investigate the extent to which farm family businesses with one major form of farm-centred diversification (farm-based accommodation) have further diversified the business. The final stage is to examine whether legal operators also hold any off-farm employment, with a consideration of both the nature of that employment and the relationship with business structure and accommodation type. The limitations of this approach are recognised, particularly the gender-bias implications, but it aids an initial exploration of relations between alternative farm-centred and off-farm activities of pluriactive farm businesses. Findings show that farm-based accommodation does little to prevent operators going off the farm to find employment, with small-sized farm businesses particularly pressurised. Further research into specific options can contribute to an understanding of the dynamics of households engaged in pluriactive strategies.
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Posner, Joshua L., and Eric W. Crawford. "An Agro-Economic Analysis of Field Trials from a Farming Systems Research Perspective: Weed Control in Rainfed Lowland Rice in Senegal." Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 3 (July 1991): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700018950.
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SummaryUsing a farming systems approach, a multidisciplinary team in southern Senegal examined three strategies for weed control in rainfed lowland rice: use of herbicide; replacement of broadcast seeding by row seeding with mechanical seeders; and transplanting compared with direct seeding of rice. Thorough evaluation of the agronomic and economic benefits of these strategies for farmers was facilitated by supplementing the standard analysis of on-farm trials with multivariate analysis incorporating agronomic survey data to explain treatment effects better, and by considering technical and economic effects throughout the farming system. The agro-economic analysis led the team to conclude that: where soils are productive, herbicide use is a profitable investment; when converting to direct seeding, farmers should facilitate weeding by seeding in rows with a mechanical seeder; and transplanting should not be discouraged in areas where it is still feasible, since it is less time-consuming, fits in better with other farm activities and requires less fertilizer.
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Murray, Helene, and Lorna Michael Butler. "Whole farm case studies and focus groups: Participatory strategies for agricultural research and education programs." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 9, no. 1-2 (June 1994): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300005543.
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AbstractResearch and extension personnel are beginning to look for new strategies to involve more farmers and the non-farm public in their programs. Two approaches we have used are wholefarm case studies (WFCS) and focus groups. WFCS in Oregon and Washington led to several research and educational programming ideas that are currently being pursued in both states. A focus group to study water quality, nitrate leaching and farming practices in Skagit County, Washington is one outcome of the WFCS process. It is made up of 16 people, including farmers, university personnel, members of environmental groups, and government representatives.We review these two complementary participatory strategies for systems-oriented sustainable agriculture research and education programs. Both have been very useful for building problem-solving partnerships between the land-grant universities and agricultural and environmental constituents in our area. Noteworthy outcomes include: complementary applied on-farm and experiment station research; farming systems analysis; public education; new linkages with environmental and agricultural interest groups; additional grant funds to address identified priority issues; and interdisciplinary teams that cut across the biological and social sciences and include diverse citizen representation.
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Nicholson, C., N. Barr, A. Kentish, P. M. Dowling, L. H. McCormick, M. Palmer, I. Simpson, K. Simpson, and J. Walsh. "A research - extension model for encouraging the adoption of productive and sustainable practice in high rainfall grazing areas." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 8 (2003): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02212.
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The experiences of participants in the Sustainable Grazing Systems (SGS) Program were examined to understand why more productive and sustainable practices were adopted by producers involved in SGS. This paper explores from a range of perspectives (producers, researchers, extension agents and facilitators) the delivery mechanism that led to these practices being adopted and concludes with a model describing the adoption process observed in SGS. The model describes a continuous 3-stage process of motivation, trialing–exploration and farm practice change. Support for decision making during the transition between each stage of the process was recognised as an essential ingredient for success.
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Żmija, Dariusz. "Efektywność wykorzystania środków pomocowych WPR współfinansujących projekty inwestycyjne na przykładzie małych gospodarstw rolnych województwa małopolskiego." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 18(33), no. 2 (July 2, 2018): 334–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2018.18.2.60.
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The aim of the paper is to assess the effectiveness of CAP support funds used for co-financing investment projects, which were implemented in the years 2004-2015 by small farms from the Małopolska province in Poland. Studies have shown that the CAP funds supported most often investments for completing and modernizing machinery assets, and construction or modernization of farm buildings. It led to an increase of material resources of these farms, as well as modernization of their production. The research has shown that the effectiveness of using CAP support funds is relatively low. In addition, there is a statistically significant positive correlation between the size of the farm and the efficiency of the use of funds.
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Lee, Myeongseong, Jacek A. Koziel, Wyatt Murphy, William S. Jenks, Blake Fonken, Ryan Storjohann, Baitong Chen, et al. "Design and Testing of Mobile Laboratory for Mitigation of Gaseous Emissions from Livestock Agriculture with Photocatalysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 1523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041523.
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Livestock production systems generate nuisance odor and gaseous emissions affecting local communities and regional air quality. There are also concerns about the occupational health and safety of farmworkers. Proven mitigation technologies that are consistent with the socio-economic challenges of animal farming are needed. We have been scaling up the photocatalytic treatment of emissions from lab-scale, aiming at farm-scale readiness. In this paper, we present the design, testing, and commissioning of a mobile laboratory for on-farm research and demonstration of performance in simulated farm conditions before testing to the farm. The mobile lab is capable of treating up to 1.2 m3/s of air with titanium dioxide, TiO2-based photocatalysis, and adjustable UV-A dose based on LED lamps. We summarize the main technical requirements, constraints, approach, and performance metrics for a mobile laboratory, such as the effectiveness (measured as the percent reduction) and cost of photocatalytic treatment of air. The commissioning of all systems with standard gases resulted in ~9% and 34% reduction of ammonia (NH3) and butan-1-ol, respectively. We demonstrated the percent reduction of standard gases increased with increased light intensity and treatment time. These results show that the mobile laboratory was ready for on-farm deployment and evaluating the effectiveness of UV treatment.
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Hiller, Beate. "Recent developments in lipid metabolism in ruminants – the role of fat in maintaining animal health and performance." Animal Production Science 54, no. 10 (2014): 1549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14555.
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Optimising farm animal performance has long been the key focus of worldwide livestock production research. Advances in the understanding of metabolism/phenotype associations have outlined the central role of the lipid metabolism of farm animals for economically relevant phenotypic traits, such as animal health (immune status, fertility/reproductive capacity, adaptability/metabolic flexibility, robustness, well being) and performance aspects (meat/milk quality and quantity) and have led to an extensive exploitation of lipid metabolism manipulation strategies (e.g. tailored nutritional regimes, alimentary/intravenous fat supplementation, rumen-protected fat feeding, hormone application). This contribution gives an overview of established concepts to tailor animals’ lipid metabolism and highlights novel strategies to expand these application-oriented approaches via improved analysis tools, omics-approaches, cell model systems and systems biology methods.
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Schmutz, Ulrich, Moya Kneafsey, Carla Sarrouy Kay, Alexandra Doernberg, and Ingo Zasada. "Sustainability impact assessments of different urban short food supply chains: examples from London, UK." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 33, no. 6 (November 10, 2017): 518–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170517000564.
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AbstractGreater London has a vibrant food scene comprising of many different types of urban and peri-urban ‘short food supply chains’ (SFSCs). This paper reports on exploratory research, which used examples of SFSCs from London to build a more detailed understanding of different types of urban SFSC and their relative performance compared to each other. To do this, we undertook a participatory sustainability impact assessment (SIA) in which local food system stakeholders were asked to rank the perceived impacts of five different urban and peri-urban SFSCs compared with the current ‘mainstream’ food supply system (defined as supermarkets retailing mass-produced, standardized food products). The SFSCs ranked were: (1) urban gardening (self-supply), (2) urban gardening (commercial), (3) community supported agriculture (CSA), (4) direct sale (on-farm) and (5) direct sale (off-farm). Results from the SIA showed that CSAs were regarded as delivering the highest overall social, economic and environmental benefits, followed by urban gardening (commercial), urban gardening (self-supply) and direct sales (off-farm). The lowest overall rating was for the supply chain direct sales (on-farm). All five SFSCs were ranked highest on the social aspects of sustainability. Following the participatory SIA of perceived sustainability, we next developed a questionnaire in order to test the feasibility of measuring the specific (rather than ‘perceived’) impacts of an urban SFSC. We applied the test at a community-led local food market in South London, where we conducted face-to-face interviews with all market stallholders (18 respondents) and a random sample of consumers (51 respondents). Results from the community-led market were similar to those acquired at the SIA workshop, with greater agreement about the social benefits of the market, compared with economic and environmental impacts. The results also suggest that producers underestimated consumers’ willingness to share the risks that the producers face and we identify this as an important aspect for future research. The paper concludes with reflections on the strengths and weaknesses of the SIA methodology.
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Breuer, K., P. H. Hemsworth, and G. J. Coleman. "The effect of positive and negative handling on the behaviour and stress response of Holstein Friesian heifers." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2001 (2001): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200004002.
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Extensive research into human-animal interactions, particularly in the pig industry, has led to the proposal that high fear of humans, through a stress response, can limit an animal’s growth, reproduction and welfare (Hemsworth et al., 1993). In a recent study in the Australian dairy industry, a significant negative between-farm correlation was found between the avoidance of an experimenter by cows in a standard test and milk yield of the farm, suggesting that fear of humans may also have implications for the productivity of dairy cows (Breuer et al., 2000). The behaviour of stockpeople is a likely factor affecting fear of humans in dairy cows (Breuer et al., 2000). It was the aim of this experiment to investigate the effects of handling on the stress physiology and behaviour of dairy heifers.
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Delate*, Kathleen, and Jerald DeWitt. "Reaching Midwest Organic Growers through On-farm Partnerships." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 876D—876. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.876d.
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Based on citizen demand, Iowa State Univ. (ISU) established the first organic specialist faculty position at a U.S. Land Grant Univ. in 1997, as a shared appointment in the departments of horticulture and agronomy, with a 70% Extension and 30% Research split. A series of Organic Agriculture Focus Groups was convened in 1998 to help direct the new organic research and Extension program at ISU. Partnerships with the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture and the College of Agriculture facilitated the ISU sustainable agriculture Extension leader and organic specialist's participation in an extensive focus group dialogue with a diverse group of farmers (organic and conventional), agribusiness professionals, bankers and consumers in six agricultural communities across Iowa. Paramount in the needs assessment was the establishment of organic research sites, both on-farm and at research stations across the state, to demonstrate the economic and environmental benefits associated with organic farming practices over the long term. Specific outcomes-based Extension needs were articulated, which led to the development of an annual schedule of organic workshops, field days and conferences. In 2001, in a survey of 300 farmers, 90% of respondents reported an increase in soil quality and 67% reported a 6 to 30% increase in farm income as a result of organic farming practices. The success of Land Grant Univ. organic programs will be dependent upon administrative support, sufficient resources, and community involvement in the decision-making process.
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Singh, D., M. K. Choudhary, M. L. Meena, and Chandan Kumar. "Rain Water Harvesting for Food and Livelihood Security: A case study from Pali, India." Open Agriculture 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 767–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2019-0071.
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AbstractArid zones are characterized by high evaporation, low and uneven rainfall, undulated topography, presence of salt layers at shallow depth in the soil and poor-quality ground water. Under these conditions an innovative farmer in the district of Pali in the state of Rajasthan, India explored options for farm diversification under hot-arid conditions at his farm. His motivation brought him to the ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI), Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) where he was trained in various basic aspects of rain water harvesting. KVK, Pali studied the methods and innovative ideas utilized by the farmers and the subsequent gain in yield and income by adoption of rainwater harvesting at his farm on a yearly basis. Initially he constructed a small rainwater harvesting structure by which he was able to store substantial quantities of water for longer duration. As a result of constant motivation, he constructed a concrete rainwater storage structure (40M x 40M x 3.5M) and explored further options to increase production at his farm. Also, development of goat farming, intercropping, raising fodder crops and grasses, and developing a fishery, all from the gains of water harvested from rains, gave him confidence and added to the prosperity of his farm. Presently, on farm productive activities, family labour mobilization and diversification provide him with a stable income. This experiential learning also led to new knowledge emerging from interactions among a hitherto powerful scientific hierarchy and served as role model for other farmers’ adoption of innovative techniques.
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Verma, Manoj, and Siraj Ahmed. "An Analysis for Repowering Prediction of Jamgodarani Wind Farm Using MATLAB." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.31 (August 24, 2018): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.31.18237.
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The development of megawatt class turbines has led to the improvement of wind turbine technology and design. Re-powering in wind energy is a concept to replace and reduce the number of installed old wind turbines of lower capacity by modern turbines of higher capacity. It intends to generate the highest possible constant output power under all wind speed conditions. This research paper portrays economic viewpoints of the repowering procedure for different wind farms. The availability of wind energy in many regions of India encouraged a developing interest in the field of renewable energy and as a consequence this procedure was generated. Before 1998 all the equipments used in relevant research sites were outdated and low powered. But now modern wind turbines with higher efficiency are available to generate more power using considerably reduced infrastructure. This research work proves that repowering is a productive attempt for such old wind farms by using MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) programming. Wind energy technology is favored due to the benefits of environment friendliness, relativity less installation time and economic competitiveness. A detailed study of necessary performance indices to determine the reliability and performance of a particular wind farm for repowering is done in this research work. An old wind farm located at Jamgodrani Hills, which is in a central part of India, is selected to study the implementation of repowering. This wind farm was commissioned in 1990 with a capacity of approximately 13.05 MW consisting of 58 wind turbines of 225 kW capacity each.
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Tassinari, Patrizia, Sergio Galassi, Stefano Benni, and Daniele Torreggiani. "THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT OF FARM WINERIES: AN ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY FOR DEFINING META-DESIGN REQUIREMENTS." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 42, no. 3 (June 22, 2012): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2011.2.25.
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The study represents the first step of a broader research aimed at outlining specific building and landscape design criteria for small to medium-sized farm wineries. With reference to a study area of the Emilia- Romagna region (Italy) representative of the regional wine-growing and producing sector, the specific aims of the study are the identification and quantification of the main production parameters, and the formulation of a preliminary framework of dimensional and functional requirements of wineries. We acquired, georeferenced, and analysed the available databases about wine farm production and sizes. We analysed a representative sample of such farms and the national and local codes about building design for that sector. The study has led to the definition of the main characters of the production process and a layout of the main parameters influencing the design process.
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Putri, Rachmi Wildan Aghnia Meutia, and Arya Hadi Dharmawan. "Analisis Struktur Nafkah dan Kecepatan Ekspansi Lahan Rumah Tangga Petani Kelapa Sawit." Jurnal Sains Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Masyarakat [JSKPM] 3, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jskpm.3.1.15-28.
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The expansion of oil palm plantations is an effort to improve peoples' welfare through land clearing. This expansion led to changes in household livelihood strategies around the plantation area. Various tactics and mechanism are conducted by a household to adapt to changes in order to maintain and improve their life. The expansion of forest areas into oil palm plantations leads to changes in livelihoods structures in all layers of the farm household. Widespread of palm oil plantations cause a shock to farm household. Shock is able to be faced by utilizing file livelihood assets (natural capital, human capital, social capital, physical capital, financial capital). The purpose of this paper is to identify the expansion of plantations occurring in farm households and to livelihood structure of farm households. The method used this research is a quantitative method supported by qualitative data. The result of this research shows that the higher economic level of a farmer household, the faster expansion of oil palm farmland. The palm oil on the farm sector contributes the most income of oil palm household.Key words: expansion plantations, livelihood strategy, livelihood structureABSTRAK Ekspansi perkebunan sawit merupakan upaya peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat melalui pembukaan lahan. Ekspansi ini menyebabkan perubahan strategi nafkah rumah tangga sekitar kawasan. Ekspansi kawasan hutan menjadi perkebunan kelapa sawit mengakibatkan perubahan struktur nafkah pada semua lapisan rumah tangga petani. Perkebunan kelapa sawit yang meluas menimbulkan kesulitan bagi rumah tangga petani. Kesulitan tersebut dihadapi oleh rumah tangga petani dengan cara memanfaatkan lima modal nafkah (modal alam, SDM, sosial, fisik dan finansial). Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi ekspansi perkebunan yang terjadi pada rumah tangga petani sawit dan menganalisis struktur nafkah rumah tangga petani sawit. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung oleh data kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah semakin tinggi lapisan ekonomi rumah tangga petani sawit, maka semakin cepat ekspansi lahan yang dilakukan. Sektor on farm kelapa sawit menyumbang pendapatan paling tinggi pada struktur pendapatan rumah tangga petani kelapa sawit.Kata Kunci : ekspansi perkebunan, strategi nafkah, struktur nafkah
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Tawaha, A. M., and M. A. Turk. "CROP-WEED COMPETITION STUDIES IN FABA BEAN (Vicia faba L.) UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 49, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.49.2001.3.11.
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Field experiments were conducted during the two growing seasons of 1999 and 2000 at the research farm of the Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) to study the effect of the time of weed removal on the yield and yield components of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Removing weeds from 25 to 75 days after crop sowing led to significantly larger yields than on plots which were not weeded. Maximum yield was obtained in both years when weeds were removed thrice at 25, 50 and 75 days after crop sowing.
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DIXON, J., J. HELLIN, O. ERENSTEIN, and P. KOSINA. "PAPER ADAPTED FROM PRESENTATION AT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INCREASING WHEAT YIELD POTENTIAL, CIMMYT, OBREGON, MEXICO, 20–24 MARCH 2006 U-impact pathway for diagnosis and impact assessment of crop improvement." Journal of Agricultural Science 145, no. 3 (April 10, 2007): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859607007046.
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Agricultural research has contributed enormously to poverty reduction and increased food security worldwide. Wheat crop improvement is a good example of this contribution. Public investments in wheat research from the Green Revolution onwards led to significant productivity increases: following the widespread adoption of semi-dwarf varieties, annual yield growth rates peaked at 2·75% p.a. in the 1980s. Since then, public and private investments in crop (including wheat) research have been modest despite the potential of such research to contribute substantially to the first Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of halving hunger and poverty by 2015. Drawing on a wide spectrum of recent literature, the present paper broadens the usual frame of reference for diagnosing the adoption of improved technology and measuring impact. The adoption of improved varieties and management practices is influenced on the supply side by the nature and performance of the input delivery pathway from research to the farm (input value chains), and on the demand side by the characteristics of the farm household system and the marketing or value-adding chains from the farm to the consumer (output value chains). These three elements (input value chains, farm household system characteristics, and output value chains) can be viewed as a U-impact pathway. This pathway determines the rate and extent of adoption of improved varieties and practices, the magnitude of direct and indirect impacts, and the potential for feedback loops leading to improved functioning of the input and output value chains. The U-impact pathway provides a framework to identify an expanded set of beneficiaries from crop improvement which extend beyond the common focus on producers and final consumers; conventional surplus analysis can then be used to estimate the wider benefits to crop improvement. Additional metrics may be needed to estimate impact related to non-economic benefits, such as poverty, health and social capital. The implication of this fuller accounting of impacts is that the benefits accruing to agricultural research may be greater, and more widely distributed across the economy, than previously recognized by research managers and policy-makers. This strengthens the case for maintained or increased public and private sector investment in crop improvement.
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Kim, Daeyu, and Seunghoo Jin. "Innovation Capabilities and Business Performance in the Smart Farm Sector of South Korea." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, no. 4 (November 21, 2022): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8040204.
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Ever-increasing unpredictability has led to recognition of increasing importance of innovation capabilities of businesses. In spite of recognizing such an important issue of innovation capability, not much research has been conducted on the relationship between innovation capabilities in business planning, R&D, commercialization and innovation performance. The current research, thus, intends to provide an empirical analysis of the effect of smart farm companies’ innovation activities on their innovation performance. Classifying innovation capabilities into three categories of planning, R&D and commercialization capability, the current research aims to identify the effect of each category on sales and patent acquired. Moreover, it aims to identify the moderating effect of governmental policy and support for technology on the relationship between innovation activities and performance. It was found that planning, R&D and commercialization capabilities exerted a positive impact on business performance. It was also found that governmental policies and support helped enhance business performance.
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Hecht, Dana. "Effects of Farm Bill Commodity Subsidies on US Corn Production, Farm Income, and Market Price." Policy Perspectives 20 (May 14, 2013): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4079/pp.v20i0.11781.
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This paper outlines the effects of farm bill subsidies on corn farmers’ planting decisions, overall production, corn farmer income and market price of corn. The author utilizes a series of real and hypothetical market prices to demonstrate the particular combinations of subsidies that are available for corn farmers under varying market conditions. Research suggests that certain subsidies are theoretically capable of increasing production above normal levels when prices of corn fall below a certain threshold. However, in practice, prices of corn have not fallen below this threshold for extended periods of time, and thus this scenario has rarely presented itself historically. The author concludes that because they provide income support for corn farmers and create a safety net for corn prices, these subsidies represent an incentive in itself to grow corn over other non-subsidized produce. Thus, it is possible that corn subsidies have led to the growth of the industry over time by influencing the choices that farmers have made throughout history upon entering the market, rather than by influencing day-to-day planting decisions throughout the crop season.
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Pleerux, Narong, Narissara Aimkuy, and Attawut Nardkulpat. "Water Consumption Assessment of Mangosteen: A Bottom-Up Approach." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 18 (December 30, 2022): 1267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2022.18.119.
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A water consumption assessment using a bottom-up approach is applied in this research; the smallest level of water consumption assessment shows the water consumption behavior at the farm level of 55 mangosteen farms in the Khlung District of Chanthaburi Province, Thailand, in the production year 2019. The findings revealed that the average water footprint (WF) was 774.60 m3/ton, which was divided into a green water footprint of 519.04 m3/ton and the blue water footprint of 255.56 m3/ton. Stage 5 was the mangosteen’s growth stage that had the highest WF: this stage was the fruit’s maturation period, whose WF was equivalent to 41.16% of the yearly water consumption. The WF of mangosteen data for the production year 2019 is a crucial baseline that will enable farmers to understand the actual water consumption in mangosteen production at the farm level. It will be feasible to determine the trend of changing water use, particularly if the mangosteen WF data is regularly gathered each year and it has led to appropriate water consumption planning per the needs of the mangosteen. Furthermore, this research also raised farmers’ awareness concerning the water consumption of mangosteen production.
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Franceschi, Piero, Milena Brasca, Massimo Malacarne, Paolo Formaggioni, Michele Faccia, Giuseppe Natrella, and Andrea Summer. "Effects of the Cooling Temperature at the Farm on Milk Maturation and Cheesemaking Process in the Manufacture of Parmigiano Reggiano PDO Cheese." Animals 11, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 2835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11102835.
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Parmigiano Reggiano is a hard PDO cheese made from bovine raw milk, whose microbiological characteristics have important repercussions on cheese quality. According to the EU official production protocol, milk temperature at the farm must not drop below 18 °C. The present research aimed to study the effect of cooling milk at the farm at 9 °C on the characteristics of milk and on the cheesemaking process and losses during manufacture. Six cheesemaking trials were performed in two different dairies. In each of them, two cheesemakings were made in parallel: one with milk kept at 9 °C (TM9) and the other with milk kept at 20 °C (TM20). TM9 milk, in comparison with TM20, showed after the creaming process a significant reduction not only of total bacterial count but also of psychrotrophic and lipolytic bacteria. At the same time, TM9 milk showed a higher creaming capacity and, consequently, a lower fat content than TM20. TM9 vat milk had worst coagulation properties than TM20, which caused slightly higher loss of fat and curd fines into the whey. Nevertheless, these changes were too small to influence the efficiency of the cheesemaking process; conversely, maintaining milk at the farm at 9 °C led to a reduction of the number of spoilage bacteria.
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Константинович, А. В., and И. А. Суходолов. "Valuation growing cocktail-type cucumber hybrids in a vertical farm." Kartofel` i ovoshi, no. 12 (December 7, 2021): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25630/pav.2021.97.59.005.
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На сегодняшний день главные искусственные источники освещения растений – натриевые лампы высокого давления. Однако в 2021 году уже во многих тепличных комбинатах РФ и других стран мира активно используют светодиодные лампы с различными спектральными режимами в основном в качестве досвечивания. Анализ научных работ показал, что практически отсутствуют достоверные данные по выращиванию основных тепличных культур в условиях использования только светодиодов без естественного освещения. Это не дает полной объективной картины эффективности использования светодиодных ламп. Цель исследований: определить эффективность применения светодиодных ламп при выращивании коктейльных гибридов огурца при повышенной густоте посадки в условиях вертикальной фермы. Исследования проводили в летне-осеннем и весенне-летнем оборотах в 2020–2021 годах на территории УНПЦ «Овощная опытная станция имени В.И. Эдельштейна» РГАУ – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева в стеклянных теплицах без досвечивания и ООО «Вертикальные фермы» в закрытом помещении без доступа солнечного света (Москва). Объект исследования – гибриды огурца F1 Ларино, F1 Кватрино, F1 Квирк. В теплице выращивали огурец по малообъемной технологии, в качестве субстрата использовали верховой торф. Для облучения растений применяли светодиодные модули производства ООО «Вертикальные фермы» (30 Вт, 50×7,2 см, в рабочем режиме 2,8–2,9 мкМоль/Дж), которые располагались на расстоянии 0,4 м от растений. Облучали растения по 16 часов в сутки. Установлено, что выращивание растений огурца в вертикальных фермах с использованием полноспектральных светодиодных облучателей и густоты посадки 11,4 раст/м2способствует увеличению общей урожайности огурца в сравнении с остекленной теплицей. При выращивании огурца в условиях вертикальной фермы в плодах огурца накапливалось меньшее количество нитратов (102–105 мг/кг), отмечено более высокое количество содержания сахаров (1,90–1,98%) и сухого вещества (6,21–6,28%) по сравнению с плодами, полученными при выращивании в теплице. Перспективно дальнейшее изучение выращивания культуры огурца в вертикальных фермах с использованием светодиодов. Today, the main artificial sources of plant illumination are high pressure sodium lamps. However, in 2021, many greenhouse plants of the Russian Federation and other countries of the world are actively using LED lamps with various spectral modes mainly as additional illumination. The analysis of scientific papers has shown that there is practically no reliable data on the cultivation of the main greenhouse crops in conditions of using only LEDs without natural lighting. This does not give a complete objective picture of the efficiency of using LED lamps. The purpose of the research: to determine the effectiveness of the use of LED lamps in the cultivation of cucumber cocktail hybrids with increased planting density in a vertical farm. The research was carried out in summer-autumn and spring-summer turns in 2020–2021 on the territory of the V.I. Edelstein Vegetable Experimental Station of the K.A. Timiryazev Russian State Agricultural Academy in glass greenhouses without additional illumination and Vertical Farms LLC indoors without access to sunlight (Moscow). The object of research: cucumber hybrids F1 Larino, F1 Kvatrino, F1Kvirk. Cucumber was grown in the greenhouse using low-volume technology, riding peat was used as a substrate. For irradiation of plants, LED modules manufactured by Vertical Farms LLC (30 W, 50×7.2 cm, in operating mode 2.8–2.9 mmol/J) were used, which were located at a distance of 0.4 m from the plants. Plants were irradiated for 16 hours a day. It was found that the cultivation of cucumber plants in vertical farms using full-spectrum LED irradiators and a planting density of 11.4 rast/m2 contributes to an increase in the total yield of cucumber in comparison with a glazed greenhouse. When growing cucumbers in a vertical farm, fewer nitrates (102–105 mg/kg) accumulated in cucumber fruits, a higher amount of sugar content (1.90–1.98%) and dry matter (6.21–6.28%) were noted compared to fruits obtained when grown in a greenhouse. It is promising to further study the cultivation of cucumber culture in vertical farms using LEDs.
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Tai, Zixue, and Fengbin Hu. "Play between love and labor: The practice of gold farming in China." New Media & Society 20, no. 7 (July 7, 2017): 2370–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444817717326.
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This article scrutinizes the widespread practice of gold farming in China through two-plus years of field research conducted in 13 gold farming studios across five cities involving 64 participants. Informed by current research and theoretical deliberations on digital labor and co-creative production, the analysis offers insight on the rationales, motivations, and perceptions of gold farming through the practitioners’ perspectives of studio owners, managers, and players. It also explores the role of gold farm studios in the business cycle. Our discussion contextualizes gold farming as a special type of fan labor through transformative gameplay enmeshed in the global game capitalist market and contributes to the understanding of China’s youth-led game culture in general and the variegated intricacies of the trade of gold farming in particular.
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Pap, Péter István. "A Mezőhegyesi Állami Gazdaság a gazdasági reform tükrében." Belvedere Meridionale 34, no. 1 (2022): 54–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/belv.2022.1.4.
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The state stud-farms, although established primarily for military purposes, are the most prestigious units of modern Hungarian agriculture. The Mezőhegyes estate – later state farm, even later food-industry and agricultural combine – is one of the oldest of these, founded in 1784. After the decline of the military use of horse, Mezőhegyes and the other stud-farms developed into a model farm-role, with research and development (as a laboratory for technical and scientific processes), but also as a production-oriented plant farm. In this role, it had particular importance during the Kádár era, especially in the context of the reform process that began in the mid-1960s. The programme, known as the New Economic Mechanism, aimed to build market socialism, and although it was stopped at the macroeconomic level in the early 1970s, it remained in force in the agriculture. During this period, a distinctive symbiosis developed between the economic- and agricultural policy and the state farms (led by Mezőhegyes): the state model farms were the showcase for the reform policy (that was repeatedly put on the agenda), while they received unprecedented infrastructure upgrading and state support. All this allowed Mezőhegyes to achieve hyper-intensive growth in production indicators and to use impressive technical equipment, but by the end of the period serious rentability problems had emerged. This paper take a broad overview of the ’company history’ of the Mezőhegyes State Farm, based on the above aspects, and will be structured according to the terms of office of the estate’s directors during the period.
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Tricarico, Juan. "316 Sustainability in Practice at the Dairy Farm Sector." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.281.
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Abstract The United States dairy sector collectively commits to achieve greenhouse gas neutrality, optimize water use while maximizing recycling, and improve water quality by optimizing utilization of manure and nutrients by 2050. These 2050 Environmental Stewardship Goals encompass the field, dairy farm and processing stages of the supply chain. Representative leadership across the dairy value chain, including farmers, cooperatives, processors, retailers and other stakeholders, led the goals development process, which included an extensive stakeholder and public comment period and was built on a decades-long commitment to producing nutritious dairy foods that can sustainably feed a growing global population. The farm and field strategy to achieve these goals is termed the Net Zero Initiative. This initiative is an industry-wide collaboration with key value-chain stakeholders with the intention to address barriers and invest in research and partnerships for farms of all sizes and geographies to adopt practices and technologies that can provide environmental benefits on the farm, in the field and within the broader community. On-farm pilots within the Dairy Scale for Good workstream will contribute to Net Zero Initiative efforts by partnering with commercial operating dairies to demonstrate the ability to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve water quality and quantity, while increasing and diversifying on-farm revenue. Enteric methane mitigation is the key area of focus for the 2050 Environmental Stewardship Goals, Net Zero Initiative, and Dairy Scale for Good that is relevant to the dairy nutrition field. Practicing dairy nutritionists can make valuable contributions to these efforts by formulating balanced rations within solid feeding programs, understanding the important factors required to properly evaluate nutritional interventions to mitigate enteric methane, and understanding and articulating the environmental value feed ingredients provide in addition to nutritional contributions and cost savings.
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Prasanna Kumar, Niharika. "Modeling the Impact of Covid-19 on the Farm Produce Availability and Pricing in India." Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management 17 (2022): 035–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4897.
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Aim/Purpose: This paper aims to analyze the availability and pricing of perishable farm produce before and during the lockdown restrictions imposed due to Covid-19. This paper also proposes machine learning and deep learning models to help the farmers decide on an appropriate market to sell their farm produce and get a fair price for their product. Background: Developing countries like India have regulated agricultural markets governed by country-specific protective laws like the Essential Commodities Act and the Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) Act. These regulations restrict the sale of agricultural produce to a predefined set of local markets. Covid-19 pandemic led to a lockdown during the first half of 2020 which resulted in supply disruption and demand-supply mismatch of agricultural commodities at these local markets. These demand-supply dynamics led to disruptions in the pricing of the farm produce leading to a lower price realization for farmers. Hence it is essential to analyze the impact of this disruption on the pricing of farm produce at a granular level. Moreover, the farmers need a tool that guides them with the most suitable market/city/town to sell their farm produce to get a fair price. Methodology: One hundred and fifty thousand samples from the agricultural dataset, released by the Government of India, were used to perform statistical analysis and identify the supply disruptions as well as price disruptions of perishable agricultural produce. In addition, more than seventeen thousand samples were used to implement and train machine learning and deep learning models that can predict and guide the farmers about the appropriate market to sell their farm produce. In essence, the paper uses descriptive analytics to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on agricultural produce pricing. The paper explores the usage of prescriptive analytics to recommend an appropriate market to sell agricultural produce. Contribution: Five machine learning models based on Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting, and three deep learning models based on Artificial Neural Networks were implemented. The performance of these models was compared using metrics like Precision, Recall, Accuracy, and F1-Score. Findings: Among the five classification models, the Gradient Boosting classifier was the optimal classifier that achieved precision, recall, accuracy, and F1 score of 99%. Out of the three deep learning models, the Adam optimizer-based deep neural network achieved precision, recall, accuracy, and F1 score of 99%. Recommendations for Practitioners: Gradient boosting technique and Adam-based deep learning model should be the preferred choice for analyzing agricultural pricing-related problems. Recommendation for Researchers: Ensemble learning techniques like Random Forest and Gradient boosting perform better than non-Ensemble classification techniques. Hyperparameter tuning is an essential step in developing these models and it improves the performance of the model. Impact on Society: Statistical analysis of the data revealed the true nature of demand and supply and price disruption. This analysis helps to assess the revenue impact borne by the farmers due to Covid-19. The machine learning and deep learning models help the farmers to get a better price for their crops. Though the da-taset used in this paper is related to India, the outcome of this research work applies to many developing countries that have similar regulated markets. Hence farmers from developing countries across the world can benefit from the outcome of this research work. Future Research: The machine learning and deep learning models were implemented and tested for markets in and around Bangalore. The model can be expanded to cover other markets within India.
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Vasanthi, C. "Factors Influencing Utilization of Market Led Extension Practices by the Farmers." Indian Research Journal of Extension Education 22, no. 5 (December 1, 2022): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54986/irjee/2022/dec_spl/173-177.
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Indian agriculture has marked a greater progress since independence in the areas of technology, infrastructure, economics, education and communication. The extension system’s objective of focusing on mere agricultural production should be extended beyond marketing, in order to promote all-round empowerment of the farmers. With a major thrust of extension agencies focused on production techniques till now, market led extension holds the key to the future. The present study was carried out to analyze the factors infl uencing utilization of market led extension practices by the farmers in grape, arecanut and maize crops. Ex-post-facto research design was used for conducting the study. The study was taken up in Uttara Kannada district for arecanut, Bagalkot and Vijayapura districts for grapes and Belagavi and Haveri districts for maize. The sample for the study was 240. Karl Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to identify the factors infl uencing utilization of market led extension practices by the farmers. The variables namely innovative proneness, scientifi c orientation, access to e-tools and membership in farmers’ organization in grapes, mass media participation, access to e-tools and farm resource base in arecanut and education, mass media participation and economic motivation in maize had signifi cant relationship with utilization of market led extension practices. These variables are the predictors of utilization of market led extension practices.
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Al-Jalaly, S. Zia. "Agriculture Sector Employment and the Need for Off-Farm Employment in the North-West Frontier Province." Pakistan Development Review 31, no. 4II (December 1, 1992): 817–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v31i4iipp.817-828.
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The North-West Frontier Province is essentially a mountainous region intermixed with fertile valleys of agricultural lands. The diversity of the region is well reflected through the agro-ecological regions map of the Pakistan Agricultural Research Councile where 6 out of the 10 regions indentified are .found in the NWFP. The total population of the NWFP stood at 11.1 million persons in 1981 with an annual growth rate higher than the national average (3.32 percent as against 3.1 percent for Pakistan). Moreover, the literacy rate is abysmally low, standing as it d~es at about 16.7 percent (which according to some is an optimistic estimate). The inflow of over 3.5 million Afghan refugees and the location of more than three-fourths of this number in the NWFP has compounded the problems with far reaching implications for the economy, environment and the level of off-farm employment. The influx of these refugees with their herds and beasts of burden have tended to encroach on forest lands and led to over-grazing of pastures resulting in environmental degradation. The rapidly mUltiplying demand for food has led to crops being grown on steep and unstable slopes.
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Genova, Angela, Martina Maccaroni, and Elena Viganò. "Social Farming: Heterogeneity in Social and Agricultural Relationships." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 12, 2020): 4824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124824.
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Social farming (SF) has emerged as a social innovation practice shaping heterogeneous approaches and results. This study discusses the complexity of SF policy and practices, and it is led by the main hypothesis that the relationship between agricultural and social dimensions might be very heterogeneous, not only in different national contexts but also within the same national and local level. SF policy and practices are investigated testing the hypothesis of three main different modalities of interaction according to how the social and the agricultural perspectives interact. In the first, social target is not involved in the production system of the farm and the farm is the context where actions and measures of a social nature take place. In the second type of interaction, the farm employs the beneficiaries in some of its production activities collaborating with the social services. The third is where the farm organizes its activities to actively employ targeted people to enhance their social inclusion and integration in the community. Italian SF policy and practices are analyzed as case study, through the lens of sociological critical discourse analysis regarding the regional regulatory documents, and interviews for local case studies. The results of the study show that SF policy and practices might be very heterogeneous also within the same national and local level, outlining different hybridization of social and agriculture actions that can be properly analyzed through the three SF model proposal. This study contributes to the broader debate on the various dimensions of sustainability, suggesting the need for further research on the efficiency of SF as local development model sustainable in economic, social and environmental terms.
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Shchepanskaia, Tatiana B. "On the Dynamics of PostAgrarian Development: The Recycling of a Rural Fur Farm in the Republic of Karelia." Texts and History: Journal of Philological, Historical and Cultural Texts and History Studies 2 (2021): 108–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31860/2712-7591-2021-2-108-124.
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The article considers some aspects of post-agrarian development of the modern Russian village. The research is based on materials from the field ethnographic study of the territory of the Mikhailovsky rural settlement in the Olonetsky District of the Republic of Karelia, which was performed in May 2009. The research focuses on one case study: changes in material culture after the closure of a local fur farm (Zverosovkhoz) in the post-Soviet period. The transition from the use of equipment in a closed enterprise to its public and personal use, along with the renewal of a traditional rural way of life (traditional fishing and subsistence livestock production practices), led to the perception of this equipment (in particular, the reserves of metal wire mesh that was previously used in making animal cages) as a new environment - a source of materials for traditional rural activities. We record the use of these resources in fishing, livestock production, housekeeping, as well as in structuring (partitioning with fences) and improvement (cleaning) of public spaces. As a result, the equipment from the fur farm influences the emergence of a specific visual environment, which turns into a material embodiment of the collective memory of the times of the “state farm millionaire” (sovkhozmillioner). Another direction of the renewal of traditional rural ways of life is associated with the actualization of the ethnic identity of the Ludian Karelians and the development of rural and ethnic tourism. These processes have formed a request for objects of material culture that are made of traditional materials. These things are not involved in everyday economic activity but meant to be demonstrated as markers of ethnic and local identity.
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Chamen, Tim. "Controlled Traffic Farming – From Worldwide Research To Adoption In Europe And Its Future Prospects." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ata-2015-0014.
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Abstract Controlled traffic farming is a machinery management system that confines all field vehicles to the least possible area of permanent traffic lanes. It has developed in response to research evidence of widespread soil damage from compaction due to field traffic. The history of research on soil compaction is explored and found to be a relatively new phenomenon. Controlled traffic farming as a topic for research did not appear until the 1980s although its principles and benefits were well established before then. Research expanded over the next decades but changed subtly to more reviews on the topic as well as emphasis on environmental deliverables and some economics studies. Few if any researchers attempted to develop on-farm systems using existing machinery until the mid 1990s when a small and dedicated team in Australia encouraged farmers to experiment. This quickly led to rapid expansion across the continent to its present day c. 13% of the cropped area. Despite changes to extension services in northern Europe at around the turn of the century and a move to subsidiarity, this did not alter the model of controlled traffic adoption. This followed a similar pattern to that in Australia involving individuals rather than organizations.
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Dabbert, Stephan, and Patrick Madden. "The transition to organic agriculture: A multi-year simulation model of a Pennsylvania farm." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 1, no. 3 (1986): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300001028.
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AbstractPrior research has shown that an established organic farm can be as profitable as a conventional farm under certain circumstances. However, organic farming systems often require a transition period before they are fully established after a changeover from conventional farming. Yields may decrease and recover only slowly during this transition period and less profitable crop rotations may be required to establish an organic system. Previous studies have ignored the income trend during the transition phase, and comparisons of organic and conventional farms have been faulted for lack of similarity in management and other resources. The study reported here used a multi-year simulation model to investigate the trend in income of a 117-hectare crop-livestock farm in Pennsylvania (called the Kutztown farm) during this transition process. A baseline model of the Kutztown farm under conventional management (CONB) was found to earn an income (returns over cash operating cost) of $61,900. The transitional models developed were an upper-yield case assuming no yield decline during the transition (TRANS) and a lower-yield case assuming severe yield decline in the first year after the change-over from conventional management and a subsequent linear recovery of yields over a three-year period (TRANS-L). Income was found to be severely depressed by a yield decline during the transitional phase. The first year of TRANS-L resulted in a 43% reduction in income. The scenario without a yield decline (TRANS) resulted in a 13% lower income compared to the baseline (CONB) model. Both transitional models led to an established organic situation with stable organic yields and an income of $57,400 or 7% less than under conventional management. It was found to be more profitable to sell the crops and purchase manure than to feed the crops to beef in a fattening enterprise. At small herd sizes (100 head) the reduction in income caused by the feeding operation was moderate ($1,300), but with a larger operation (213 head) the income sacrifice increased tenfold.
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Cirocki, Robert, and Barbara Gołębiewska. "CHANGES IN THE PROFITABILITY OF PRODUCTION OF INDUSTRIAL POTATOES IN POLAND – A CASE STUDY." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2077.
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This paper assesses the profitability of industrial potato production in Poland. The studies indicated changes on the market concerning industrial potatoes and involved an assessment of the area of cultivation and level of production achieved in comparison to other EU countries. Farm profitability is determined based on the calculated gross margin from which its agricultural income was estimated. An analysis of the profitability of assets and sales was also prepared. Changes in potato production and crop yield as well as the general situation on the potato market were analysed. It was shown that the purchase price of potatoes and potato crop cultivation materials are the most important factors contributing to the profitability of potato production. Research was carried out at a specifically selected family farm specializing in potato production. It was observed that the farmer did not pursue drastic reductions in production costs, as this would have led to a decrease in income and profitability. However, their strategy did allow for a sufficiently high gross margin to be obtained. The gross margin from potato production that was obtained in 2014-2018 was positive, and higher than the average in their province.
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Onuche, U., HI Opaluwa, and MH Edoka. "III Health and agricultural production: Evidence from Kogi State of Nigeria." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 14, no. 61 (March 12, 2014): 8488–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.61.10350.
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This study was carried out to analyse the impact of ill health on agricultural outputs in rural areas of Kogi state, central Nigeria. The motivation derives from the fact that rural areas which are strategically important for national food security are more prone to health hazards as a result of the poor nature of health services arising partly from neglect by government. The objectives were to present the socioeconomic characteristics of the rural farm households and identify the prevailing health and agricultural production nexus in the area. The use of multistage random sampling procedure was employed in the selection of 263 rural households for questionnaire administration in order to elicit relevant data related to their farming enterprises and health. The use of descriptive statistics and production function analysis were employed. The study revealed that the average age of the household heads was 46.4 years while the average household size was 6.5 persons. Also, the average farm size was 1.43 ha and the average number of years of formal education was found to be 7.4. Furthermore, the study revealed that the most prominent disease conditions affecting farm families were malaria fever, typhoid fever and diarrhea and these led to an average of 8.2 days reduction in time available for farm work in a farming season. Result from the production function analysis revealed that the elasticities of farm size (0.419), family size (0.099), number of contacts with extension staff (0.018), labour (0.012) and naira amount of credit accessed (0.25) were positively signed and significant at 1%, 10%, 1%, 5% and 1% respectively; while number of days of farm work lost to ill health was negatively signed (-0.09) and significant at 5%. Findings suggest that focusing on number of days of farming activities lost to ill health in a household might help elicit a clearer picture of the effect of transient ill health on agricultural production. More research and development effort in the provision of and accessibility to health care in the rural areas in order to reduce the incidence of diseases are recommended. Such efforts should also include the provision of adequate health and environmental education for the rural population as the most common ailments discovered in the study area are actually hygiene and environment related.
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Burmistrov, E. A., O. M. Burmistrova, N. L. Naumova, and S. A. Gorbunov. "VETERINARY AND SANITARY EXAMINATION OF FOOD CHICKEN EGGS WITH THE BASIS OF COMMODITY QUALITY ASSESSMENT." Innovations and Food Safety, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2311-0651-2019-25-3-37-45.
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The high nutritional and dietary properties of chicken eggs, the high economic efficiency of their production have led to the rapid growth and development of commercial poultry farming throughout the world. In this regard, the purpose of the research was the veterinary-sanitary examination of edible chicken eggs sold in retail, with the basics of product quality assessment. The objects of research were food eggs of the first category of different manufacturers: “Chebarkul bird”, “Poultry farm named after the 50th anniversary of the USSR”, “Nagaybaksky poultry-farming complex”. The following indicators were studied: the quality of packaging and labeling, commercial properties, consumer characteristics, morphological features, shelf life, nutritional value, safety indicators. It was established that the quality of products from such manufacturers as “Chebarkul bird” and “Poultry farm named after the 50th anniversary of the USSR” in the veterinary and sanitary relations and in the framework of the commodity examination met the requirements of the “Rules for veterinary and sanitary examination of poultry eggs”, State Standard 31654 - 2012, Sanitary Rules and Regulations 2.3.2.1078-01, Technical Regulations of the Customs Union 021/2011 and 022/2011. Products supplied to the trading network “Nagaybaksky poultry complex” possessed the best consumer characteristics and commodity properties, but the labeling of chicken eggs of this manufacturer needs to be improved in accordance with the requirements of the State Standard 31654-2012.
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Soares, Pedro R., Rosinda L. Pato, Susana Dias, and Daniela Santos. "Effects of Grazing Indigenous Laying Hens on Soil Properties: Benefits and Challenges to Achieving Soil Fertility." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 14, 2022): 3407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063407.
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Crop–livestock integration fosters a holistic view of the agricultural system, which is nowadays particularly relevant due to the rising environmental concerns. Laying hens can contribute to improvement of soil chemical properties, but their effects in soil fertility are not fully known. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of grazing laying hens on soil fertility. To meet this goal, we assessed the effects of indigenous laying hens in 22 soil parameters, including chemical, physical, and microbiological parameters, in two farms from the central region of Portugal: an organic horticultural field (A) and a conventional orchard (B). At farm A, the animals grazed during the dry period for 84 continuous days, at a density of 4 m2 per hen. At farm B, the animals grazed during the wet period, at a density of 3.50 m2 per hen, in two periods (34 + 33 days), with a 50 day break period in between grazing. The hens contributed to an increase in the extractable macronutrients phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O), mineral nitrogen (NH4+-N and NO3−-N), and exchangeable bases calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) in both farms, making these central parameters to consider in their grazing management. At farm A, where soil disturbance is higher, the grazing did not affect soil moisture retention but positively affected soil dry bulk density and contributed to an increase in total aerobic bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria abundances. At farm B, where the hens’ presence led to the understory eradication, soil moisture retention, total aerobic bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and fungi abundances were negatively affected, while soil dry bulk density was unaffected. These results show that hens can significantly contribute to improve soil fertility, but more research is needed regarding their grazing management.
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Coventry, T., H. Sutherland, M. Waters, P. Dutton, B. Gream, R. Croft, E. Hall, et al. "Reflections on the concept, conduct and findings of the producer-led Cicerone Project." Animal Production Science 53, no. 8 (2013): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12292.
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The Cicerone Project began as a producer-led partnership that sought, over a period of 8 years, to enhance the profitability and sustainability of livestock enterprises by improving the connection between those producers, research and extension. Following a detailed survey, the research and extension needs of livestock producers were identified and several applied investigations were conducted to meet those needs and delivered through a range of extension activities. This final paper of the Cicerone Special Issue reflects on the entire Project from a wide array of perspectives, including livestock producers, researchers, extension specialists and staff employed by the Project, all of whom are authors of this paper. A notable early successful outcome of the Project was the improved precision of footrot diagnosis, which has been of value to the entire sheep industry, and that flowed from a field investigation of benign and virulent footrot combined with detailed genetic investigations, which led to an improved testing regime. This paper also reflects on the findings of an unreplicated agricultural ecosystem research trial, which measured the impact of pasture renovation, increased soil fertility and grazing management on the profitability and sustainability of three different 53-ha farmlets. Valuable findings from this whole-farmlet trial included the need for a high quality feed supply for increasing stocking rate and animal liveweights; the ability and utility of satellite imagery to detect changes in pasture growth, composition and recent grazing pressure; the value of short grazing and long rest periods for controlling Barber’s pole worms of sheep; the impact of increased stocking rates on whole-farm profitability and risk; methods of optimising decisions relating to pasture renovation, fertiliser applications and grazing management; and an integrated analysis of all key measured components of the farmlet management systems. Collectively, these findings were powerful as they were demonstrated at a scale credible to livestock producers using the ‘compare – measure – learn – adopt’ approach, which was the key philosophy adopted by the Cicerone Project. By comparing and measuring different whole-farm systems, and by ensuring that producers had ownership of the trial process, the Project successfully delivered objective findings that producers trusted and which increased our understanding of important drivers of complex grazing enterprises under variable climatic conditions. Some of these drivers included: the influence of soil phosphorus on botanical composition and subsequent livestock production, the role of pasture renovation and soil fertility on herbage supply, herbage quality and stocking rate, and the improved gastrointestinal nematode control delivered by intensive rotational grazing. The beneficiaries of the Project included the 180 farmer members who participated in some 61 field days and workshops; the research and extension collaborators including four postgraduates who completed their research investigations in conjunction with the Project; and some 500 undergraduate and 300 technical students who benefited from coming to understand the applied field comparisons of the three whole-farmlet systems. Having livestock producers play a significant leadership role led to valuable outcomes achieved with research collaborators; this should encourage the development of other learning partnerships which aim to explore complex farming system issues.
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Lutz, Barbara, Sibylle Zwygart, Christina Rufener, Joan-Bryce Burla, Beat Thomann, and Dimitri Stucki. "Data-Based Variables Used as Indicators of Dairy Cow Welfare at Farm Level: A Review." Animals 11, no. 12 (December 4, 2021): 3458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11123458.
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During the last years, the interest in data-based variables (DBVs) as easy-to-obtain, cost-effective animal welfare indicators has continued to grow. This interest has led to publications focusing on the relationship between DBVs and animal welfare. This review compiles 13 papers identified through a systematic literature search to provide an overview of the current state of research on the relationship between DBVs and dairy cow welfare at farm level. The selected papers were examined regarding their definition of animal welfare and classified according to this definition into three categories: (a) papers evaluating DBVs as predictors of animal welfare violations, (b) papers investigating the relationship between DBVs and animal-based measurements, and (c) papers investigating the relationship of DBVs to scores of welfare assessments like the Welfare Quality protocol or to overall welfare scores at farm level. In addition, associations between DBVs and indicators of animal welfare were extracted, grouped by the type of DBV, and examined for replications that may confirm the associations. All the identified studies demonstrated associations between DBVs and animal welfare. Overall, the first indications of a possible suitability of DBVs for predicting herds with animal welfare violations as well as good or poor animal welfare status were given. The evaluation of relationships between DBVs and animal-based measurements (ABMs) found mortality-based DBVs to be frequently associated with ABMs. However, owing to varying definitions of animal welfare, the use of different variants of DBVs, and different methods used to assess DBVs, the studies could only be compared to a limited extent. Future research would benefit from a harmonisation of DBVs and the use of valid measurements that reflect the multidimensionality of welfare. Data sources rarely investigated so far may have the potential to provide additional DBVs that can contribute to the monitoring of cow welfare at farm level.
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Kim, Seung hee, and Hye soon Im. "A Study on the Housing Support of Agricultural Foreign Workers in the Community Using the FGD Research Method: Focusing on the construction of dormitories for Agricultural foreign workers in Yang Village, Cheorwon-gun." Residential Environment Institute Of Korea 20, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22313/reik.2022.20.4.219.
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This study examines the current status of housing for agricultural foreign workers and the direction of access to residential support for agricultural foreign workers in the local community. The case study in Yangji Village, Cheorwon-gun, and the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) research method were used.
The results of the study are as follows. Farm owners have limitations in responding to the recently strengthened standards for residential facilities in agricultural foreign workers. Therefore, there is a limit to responding to the standards of residential facilities for agricultural foreign workers, which have been strengthened in terms of policy at the community level, and the search for alternatives at the community level has led to an urgent situation. Accordingly, it was suggested that accommodation jointly operated in the region is necessary to cope with the housing problem of agricultural foreign workers. In addition, it was confirmed that consensus was being formed in local communities such as farm owners, agricultural foreign workers, and related institutions.
This study emphasized the need for a community-level approach to improving residential facilities, which are passed on to farmers employing agricultural foreign workers and increase the burden. Ultimately, it is significant that the discussion on the housing problem of agricultural foreign workers, which has been overlooked, has been expanded to the community level, confirming the possibility of expanding the relationship between agricultural foreign workers as members of rural society.
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Sadiq, Sanusi Mohammed, I. P. Singh, and M. M. Ahmad. "NAVIGATING FISH FOOD INSECURITY BY SIMULTANEOUS HOUSEHOLD AND MARKETED SURPLUS-LED PRODUCTIONS IN KOGI STATE OF NIGERIA." Agricultural Social Economic Journal 21, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.agrise.2021.021.1.6.
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The study determined the factors influencing simultaneously household and marketed surplus-led fish production in Nigeria’s Kogi State using cross-sectional data collected from 105 fish farmers. The sample size was achieved using a multi-stage sampling technique and the collected data were elicited viz. structured questionnaire complemented with interview schedule. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to achieve the conceptualized objectives. Empirical evidences showed that marketed surplus-led fish production was affected by less risky non-farm incomes with high income turnover and capital paucity. However, marketable surplus-led production was enhanced by enlarged income, readily available demand that matches the supply and entrepreneurship zeal among the youthful population in the studied area. In view of the foregoing, the research recommends the need to strengthen the value chain of fish marketing so as to contain any challenge viz. market imperfection which in the long-run will jeopardize market-orientation of fish farming which is nascent among most of the farmers in the studied area. In addition, there is need to address gender inequality in order to arrest poverty vulnerability among women folk viz. budget gender mainstreaming so as to achieve growth and development which are pre-requisite for globalization.
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Sadiq, Sanusi Mohammed, I. P. Singh, and M. M. Ahmad. "Navigating Fish Food Insecurity by Simultaneous Household and Marketed Surplus-Led Productions in Kogi State of Nigeria." Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal 8, no. 2 (August 6, 2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/aa.v8i2.4779.
Full textAbstract:
The study determined the factors influencing simultaneously household and marketed surplus-led fish production in Nigeria’s Kogi State using cross-sectional data collected from 105 fish farmers. The sample size was achieved using a multi-stage sampling technique and the collected data were elicited viz. structured questionnaire complemented with interview schedule. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to achieve the conceptualized objectives. Empirical evidence showed that marketed surplus-led fish production was affected by less risky non-farm incomes with high-income turnover and capital paucity. However, marketable surplus-led production was enhanced by enlarged income, readily available demand that matches the supply, and entrepreneurship zeal among the youthful population in the studied area. In view of the foregoing, the research recommends the need to strengthen the value chain of fish marketing so as to contain any challenge viz. market imperfection which in the long run will jeopardize market-orientation of fish farming which is nascent among most of the farmers in the studied area. In addition, there is a need to address gender inequality in order to arrest poverty vulnerability among women folk viz. budget gender mainstreaming so as to achieve growth and development which are pre-requisite for globalization.Keywords: Food security; Marketable surplus; Purpose; Fish farming; Kogi State; Nigeria